Diesel fuel - Knowledge

643: 963:(e. g. Jet A-1) are used. However, especially in the 1920s and 1930s, numerous series-production aircraft diesel engines that ran on fuel oils were made, because they had several advantages: their fuel consumption was low, they were reliable, not prone to catching fire, and required minimal maintenance. The introduction of petrol direct injection in the 1930s outweighed these advantages, and aircraft diesel engines quickly fell out of use. With improvements in power-to-mass ratios of diesel engines, several on-road diesel engines have been converted to and certified for aircraft use since the early 21st century. These engines typically run on 522:(soy methyl ester, SME) in the US. Methanol can also be replaced with ethanol for the transesterification process, which results in the production of ethyl esters. The transesterification processes use catalysts, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, to convert vegetable oil and methanol into biodiesel and the undesirable byproducts glycerine and water, which will need to be removed from the fuel along with methanol traces. Biodiesel can be used pure (B100) in engines where the manufacturer approves such use, but it is more often used as a mix with diesel, BXX where XX is the biodiesel content in percent. 330:, in the 1930s meant that higher-quality fuels with proper ignition characteristics were needed. At first no improvements were made to motor-vehicle diesel fuel quality. After World War II, the first modern high-quality diesel fuels were standardised. These standards were, for instance, the DIN 51601, VTL 9140–001, and NATO F 54 standards. In 1993, the DIN 51601 was rendered obsolete by the new EN 590 standard, which has been used in the European Union ever since. In sea-going watercraft, where diesel propulsion had gained prevalence by the late 1970s due to increasing fuel costs caused by the 916:, which were often otto-powered in the 1920s through 1950s, are now almost exclusively diesel-powered. Due to its ignition characteristics, diesel fuel is thus widely used in these vehicles. Since diesel fuel is not well-suited for otto engines, passenger cars, which often use otto or otto-derived engines, typically run on petrol instead of diesel fuel. However, especially in Europe and India, many passenger cars have, due to better engine efficiency, diesel engines, and thus run on regular diesel fuel. 478: 563:(CO), and particulate matter. CO emissions using biodiesel are substantially reduced, on the order of 50% compared to most petrodiesel fuels. The exhaust emissions of particulate matter from biodiesel have been found to be 30% lower than overall particulate matter emissions from petrodiesel. The exhaust emissions of total hydrocarbons (a contributing factor in the localized formation of smog and ozone) are up to 93% lower for biodiesel than diesel fuel. 1808: 944: 1052:, according to whichever was most affordable in a region at any given time. On US farms during this era, the name "distillate" often referred to any of the aforementioned light fuel oils. Spark ignition engines did not start as well on distillate, so typically a small auxiliary gasoline tank was used for cold starting, and the fuel valves were adjusted several minutes later, after warm-up, to transition to distillate. Engine accessories such as 1794: 45: 1172: 761:. A cetane number is a measure of the delay of ignition of a diesel fuel. A higher cetane number indicates that the fuel ignites more readily when sprayed into hot compressed air. European (EN 590 standard) road diesel has a minimum cetane number of 51. Fuels with higher cetane numbers, normally "premium" diesel fuels with additional cleaning agents and some synthetic content, are available in some markets. 383: 800:(ULSD), which causes infrastructural complications. In Sweden, a diesel fuel designated as MK-1 (class 1 environmental diesel) is also being sold. This is a ULSD that also has a lower aromatics content, with a limit of 5%. This fuel is slightly more expensive to produce than regular ULSD. In Germany, the fuel tax on diesel fuel is about 28% lower than the petrol fuel tax. 1142:

Diesel fuel is often used as the main ingredient in oil-base mud drilling fluid. The advantage of using diesel is its low cost and its ability to drill a wide variety of difficult strata, including shale, salt and gypsum formations. Diesel-oil mud is typically mixed with up to 40% brine water. Due to

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of engine sump oil, pump seizures due to high fuel viscosity at low temperature, increased injection pressure, elastomeric seal failures and fuel injector spray blockage. Pure biodiesel has an energy content about 5–10% lower than petroleum diesel. The loss in power when using pure biodiesel is 5–7%.

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as fuel, and managed to build functional designs, both with and without pilot injection. According to Diesel, neither was a coal-dust–producing industry existent, nor was fine, high-quality coal-dust commercially available in the late 1890s. This is the reason why the Diesel engine was never designed

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Diesel fuel or kerosene satisfies the dyeing requirement of this paragraph (b) only if the diesel fuel or kerosene contains— (1) The dye Solvent Red 164 (and no other dye) at a concentration spectrally equivalent to at least 3.9 pounds of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 26 per thousand barrels of

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of tractors and heavy equipment began in Germany before World War II but was unusual in the United States until after that war. During the 1950s and 1960s, it progressed in the US as well. Diesel fuel is commonly used in oil and gas extracting equipment, although some locales use electric or natural

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The diesel engine is a multifuel engine and can run on a huge variety of fuels. However, development of high-performance, high-speed diesel engines for cars and lorries in the 1930s meant that a proper fuel specifically designed for such engines was needed: diesel fuel. In order to ensure consistent

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also trap water. Water contamination in diesel fuel can lead to freezing while in the fuel tank. The freezing water that saturates the fuel will sometimes clog the fuel injector pump. Once the water inside the fuel tank has started to freeze, gelling is more likely to occur. When the fuel is gelled

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were also used, both with the aim of capturing heat, because when such an engine was run on distillate, it ran better when both it and the air it inhaled were warmer rather than at ambient temperature. Dieselization with dedicated diesel engines (high-compression with mechanical fuel injection and

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tanks), used conventional otto engines and ran on petrol. Ever since World War II, several military vehicles with diesel engines have been made, capable of running on diesel fuel. This is because diesel engines are more fuel efficient, and diesel fuel is less prone to catching fire. Some of these

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About 86.1% of diesel fuel mass is carbon, and when burned, it offers a net heating value of 43.1 MJ/kg as opposed to 43.2 MJ/kg for gasoline. Due to the higher density, diesel fuel offers a higher volumetric energy density: the density of EN 590 diesel fuel is defined as 0.820 to 0.845 kg/L

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in the US vary between states. Some states (Texas, for example) have no tax on biodiesel and a reduced tax on biodiesel blends equivalent to the amount of biodiesel in the blend, so that B20 fuel is taxed 20% less than pure petrodiesel. Other states, such as North Carolina, tax biodiesel (in any

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vehicles, home heating tanks, refrigeration units on vans/trucks which contain perishable items such as food and medicine and for marine craft. Diesel fuel, or marked gas oil is dyed green in the Republic of Ireland and Norway. The term "diesel-engined road vehicle" (DERV) is used in the UK as a

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Diesel fuel is generally simpler to refine from petroleum than gasoline, and contains hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range of 180–360 °C (356–680 °F). Additional refining is required to remove sulfur, which contributes to a sometimes higher cost. In many parts of the United

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Most diesel fuels freeze at common winter temperatures, while the temperatures greatly vary. Petrodiesel typically freezes around temperatures of −8.1 °C (17.4 °F), whereas biodiesel freezes between temperatures of 2 to 15 °C (36 to 59 °F). The viscosity of diesel noticeably

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Before diesel fuel was standardised, diesel engines typically ran on cheap fuel oils. In the United States, these were distilled from petroleum, whereas in Europe, coal-tar creosote oil was used. Some diesel engines were fuelled with mixtures of fuels, such as petrol, kerosene, rapeseed oil, or

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Diesel fuel is mostly used in high-speed diesel engines, especially motor-vehicle (e.g. car, lorry) diesel engines, but not all diesel engines run on diesel fuel. For example, large two-stroke watercraft engines typically use heavy fuel oils instead of diesel fuel, and certain types of diesel

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or planned as a coal-dust engine. Only in December 1899, did Diesel test a coal-dust prototype, which used external mixture formation and liquid fuel pilot injection. This engine proved to be functional, but suffered from piston ring failure after a few minutes due to coal dust deposition.

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These microbes form a colony that lives at the interface of fuel and water. They grow quite fast in warmer temperatures. They can even grow in cold weather when fuel tank heaters are installed. Parts of the colony can break off and clog the fuel lines and fuel filters.

776:(6.84 to 7.05 lb/US gal) at 15 °C (59 °F), about 9.0-13.9% more than EN 228 gasoline (petrol)'s 0.720–0.775 kg/L (6.01–6.47 lb/US gal) at 15 °C, which should be put into consideration when comparing volumetric fuel prices. The CO 1609:. In the 1990s specifications allowed a content of 2000 ppm max of sulfur, reduced to a limit of 350 ppm by the beginning of the 21st century with the introduction of Euro 3 specifications. The limit was lowered with the introduction of Euro 4 by 2006 to 50 ppm ( 843:

This untaxed diesel is dyed red for identification, and using this untaxed diesel fuel for a typically taxed purpose (such as driving use), the user can be fined (e.g. US$ 10,000 in the US). In the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands, it is known as

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Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE) manufacturers have raised several concerns regarding biodiesel, identifying FAME as being the cause of the following problems: corrosion of fuel injection components, low-pressure fuel system blockage, increased dilution and

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ITRC (Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council). 2014. Petroleum Vapor Intrusion: Fundamentals of Screening, Investigation, and Management. PVI-1. Washington, D.C.: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Petroleum Vapor Intrusion Team.

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contents. As of 2016, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in the United Kingdom, mainland Europe, and North America is of a ULSD type. Before diesel fuel had been standardized, the majority of diesel engines typically ran on cheap

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increases as the temperature decreases, changing it into a gel at temperatures of −19 to −15 °C (−2 to 5 °F), that cannot flow in fuel systems. Conventional diesel fuels vaporise at temperatures between 149 °C and 371 °C.

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vary between 52 and 96 °C, which makes it safer than petrol and unsuitable for spark-ignition engines. Unlike petrol, the flash point of a diesel fuel has no relation to its performance in an engine nor to its auto ignition qualities.

832:. "Untaxed" diesel (sometimes called "off-road diesel" or "red diesel" due to its red dye) is available in some countries for use primarily in agricultural applications, such as fuel for tractors, recreational and utility vehicles or other 955:, meaning that diesel engines are typically rather heavy, which is a disadvantage in aircraft. Therefore, there is little need for using diesel fuel in aircraft, and diesel fuel is not commercially used as aviation fuel. Instead, petrol ( 669:(petrol), which is typically kept in red containers. In the UK, diesel is normally stored in a black container to differentiate it from unleaded or leaded petrol, which are stored in green and red containers, respectively. 1143:

health, safety and environmental concerns, Diesel-oil mud is often replaced with vegetable, mineral, or synthetic food-grade oil-base drilling fluids, although diesel-oil mud is still in widespread use in certain regions.

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Diesel displaced coal and fuel oil for steam-powered vehicles in the latter half of the 20th century, and is now used almost exclusively for the combustion engines of self-powered rail vehicles (locomotives and railcars).

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to dramatically reduce the level of sulfur in diesel fuels. In the European Union, the sulfur content has dramatically reduced during the last 20 years. Automotive diesel fuel is covered in the European Union by standard

1455: 1303:. Diesel is a mixture of different molecules. As carbon has a molar mass of 12 g/mol and hydrogen has a molar mass of about 1 g/mol, so the fraction by weight of carbon in EN 590 diesel fuel is roughly 12/14. 300:

was used as fuel for the first 1898 production Diesel engines because other fuels were too expensive. In 1900, the French Otto society built a Diesel engine for the use with crude oil, which was exhibited at the

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synonym for unmarked road diesel fuel. In India, taxes on diesel fuel are lower than on petrol, as the majority of the transportation for grain and other essential commodities across the country runs on diesel.

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Hans Christian Graf von Seherr-Thoß (auth.): Die Technik des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus. In: MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG (ed.): Leistung und Weg: Zur Geschichte des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1991.

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129:. These fuel oils are still used in watercraft diesel engines. Despite being specifically designed for diesel engines, diesel fuel can also be used as fuel for several non-diesel engines, for example the 2875: 79:

in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics.

2046: Rudolf Diesel: "Arbeitsverfahren und Ausführungsart für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen" pg 4.: "Alle Brennmaterialien in allen Aggregatzuständen sind für Durchführung des Verfahrens brauchbar." 1762:. However, because it evaporates slowly, any spills on a roadway can pose a slip hazard to vehicles. After the light fractions have evaporated, a greasy slick is left on the road which reduces 889:

requirement of diesel fuel is usually specified at 40 °C. A disadvantage of diesel fuel in cold climates is that its viscosity increases as the temperature decreases, changing it into a

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are the source for the lower oxidation stability. They react with oxygen and form peroxides and result in degradation byproducts, which can cause sludge and lacquer in the fuel system.

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For gasoline, with a density of 0.75 kg/L and a ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms of about 6 to 14, the estimated value of carbon emission if 1 liter of gasoline is burnt gives:

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in the 1920s through 1940s, running either spark-ignition and low-compression engines, akryod engines, or diesel engines. Thus many farm tractors of the era could burn gasoline,

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Knothe, Gerhard; Sharp, Christopher A.; Ryan, Thomas W. (2006). "Exhaust Emissions of Biodiesel, Petrodiesel, Neat Methyl Esters, and Alkanes in a New Technology Engine†".

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Carbon dioxide has a molar mass of 44g/mol as it consists of 2 atoms of oxygen (16 g/mol) and 1 atom of carbon (12 g/mol). So 12 g of carbon yield 44 g of Carbon dioxide.

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aircraft fuel (but can also run on diesel fuel). Jet A-1 has ignition characteristics similar to diesel fuel, and is thus suited for certain (but not all) diesel engines.

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would work with any kind of fuel in any state of matter. The first diesel engine prototype and the first functional Diesel engine were only designed for liquid fuels.

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quality, diesel fuel is standardised; the first standards were introduced after World War II. Typically, a standard defines certain properties of the fuel, such as

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Synthetic diesel can be produced from any carbonaceous material, including biomass, biogas, natural gas, coal and many others. The raw material is gasified into

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Paraffinic synthetic diesel generally has a near-zero content of sulfur and very low aromatics content, reducing unregulated emissions of toxic hydrocarbons,

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which he invented around 1892. Originally, Diesel did not consider using any specific type of fuel. Instead, he claimed that the operating principle of his

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lubricating oil which were cheaper because, at the time, they were not being taxed. The introduction of motor-vehicle diesel engines, such as the

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Petroleum diesel, also called petrodiesel, fossil diesel, or mineral diesel, is the most common type of diesel fuel. It is produced from the

2852: 2558: 2529: 1613:, Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel). The standard for diesel fuel in force in Europe as of 2009 is the Euro 5, with a maximum content of 10 ppm. 2971: 2698: 2469: 1961: 1873: 861:

blended configuration) the same as petrodiesel, although they have introduced new incentives to producers and users of all biofuels.

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In general, diesel engines are not well-suited for planes and helicopters. This is because of the diesel engine's comparatively low

105:(GTL) diesel are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is sometimes called 2863: 3204: 2796: 2418: 1730:

in diesel fuel. Algae need light to live and grow. As there is no sunlight in a closed fuel tank, no algae can survive, but some

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Putting everything together the mass of carbon dioxide that is produced by burning 1 liter of diesel fuel can be calculated as:

614:. The produced fuel has many properties that are similar to synthetic diesel, and are free from the many disadvantages of FAME. 1985: 1721: 3449: 3360: 3125: 3078: 3047: 3013: 2957: 2363: 2343: 2322: 2304: 2283: 2262: 2241: 2217: 2193: 2169: 2148: 2127: 2106: 2085: 2064: 1944: 770: 3597: 2397: 2207: 2597: 566:

Biodiesel also may reduce health risks associated with petroleum diesel. Biodiesel emissions showed decreased levels of

3871: 3535: 3240: 3099: 578:, which was reduced by roughly 50%. Targeted nPAH compounds were also reduced dramatically with biodiesel fuel, with 2888:

diesel fuel or kerosene; or (2) Any dye of a type and in a concentration that has been approved by the Commissioner.

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Günter Mau: Handbuch Dieselmotoren im Kraftwerks- und Schiffsbetrieb, Springer-Vieweg, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden 1984,

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In many countries, diesel fuel is standardized. For example, in the European Union, the standard for diesel fuel is

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U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Safety and Health Topics: Diesel Exhaust

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are mostly diesel-powered. Among tractors, only the smaller classes may also offer gasoline-fuelled engines. The

567: 3037: 3393:(Report) (Fourth ed.). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. p. 10. NREL/TP-540-43672. Archived from 269:, because crude oil proved to be too viscous, with the main testing fuel for the Diesel engine being kerosene ( 625:, DME, is a synthetic, gaseous diesel fuel that results in clean combustion with very little soot and reduced 3866: 3203:(Report). U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service. pp. 1–4. 2000-064. Archived from 3003: 302: 109:

in some academic circles. Petrodiesel is a high-volume profitable product produced in crude oil refineries.

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grip and traction, and can cause vehicles to skid. The loss of traction is similar to that encountered on

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States and throughout the United Kingdom and Australia, diesel fuel may be priced higher than petrol per

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Until World War II, several military vehicles, especially those that required high engine performance (

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engines, are designed to run on petrol with knock resistances of up to 86 RON. On the other hand,

599: 76: 3643: 2499:"ACEA Position on the use of bio-diesel (FAME) and synthetic bio-fuel in compression-ignition engines" 1567:{\displaystyle 0.75kg/L\cdot {{\frac {6\cdot 12}{6\cdot 12+14}}\cdot 1}\cdot {\frac {44}{12}}=2.3kg/L} 338:

are still used instead of conventional motor-vehicle diesel fuel. These heavy fuel oils (often called

2775: 2037: 840:. This fuel may have sulfur levels that exceed the limits for road use in some countries (e.g. US). 3701: 3590: 2938: 2913: 2505: 1832: 976: 894: 2754: 1704:

In the United States, more stringent emission standards have been adopted with the transition to

3861: 3807: 3751: 3731: 3419: 2675: 1813: 1705: 797: 503: 391: 198: 117: 83: 17: 3658: 1180: 1049: 607: 541: 170: 3876: 3532:"Water Contamination in Fuel: Cause and Effect - American Filtration and Separations Society" 2892: 2554: 2533: 1260: 1188: 952: 661:

In the US, diesel is recommended to be stored in a yellow container to differentiate it from

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Analytic Combustion: With Thermodynamics, Chemical Kinetics and Mass Transfer (Google eBook)

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it is not effective until the temperature is raised and the fuel returns to a liquid state.

3856: 1212: 996:) still ran on petrol, and some military vehicles were still made with otto engines (e. g. 780:

emissions from diesel are 73.25 g/MJ, just slightly lower than for gasoline at 73.38 g/MJ.

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Packard DR-980 9-cylinder diesel aircraft engine, used in the first diesel-engine airplane

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The figure obtained with this estimation is close to the values found in the literature.

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Tillotson, Geoffrey (1981). "Engines for Main Battle Tanks". In Col. John Weeks (ed.).

2572: 1917: 1879: 898: 796:, diversion of mass refining capacity to gasoline production, and a recent transfer to 2800: 2670: 3766: 3746: 3706: 3445: 3356: 3310: 3121: 3095: 3074: 3043: 3009: 2953: 2463: 2359: 2339: 2318: 2300: 2279: 2258: 2237: 2213: 2189: 2165: 2144: 2123: 2102: 2081: 2060: 1962:"Learn About Impacts of Diesel Exhaust and the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA)" 1940: 1062: 929: 575: 445: 371: 98: 3331: 3005:

Coal Trains: The History of Railroading and Coal in the United States (Google eBook)

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instead of crude oil, and no modifications were necessary for peanut oil operation.

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Diesel fuel originated from experiments conducted by German scientist and inventor

1053: 792:. Reasons for higher-priced diesel include the shutdown of some refineries in the 402:, resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain between 9 and 25 174: 157:

Diesel fuel has many colloquial names; most commonly, it is simply referred to as

3835: 3817: 3741: 3183:(6), 442–448. (Translated from Atomnaya Energiya; 76: No. 6, 478–485 (June 1994)) 2976: 2401: 2382: 1770:, resulting in especially dangerous situations for two-wheeled vehicles, such as 1086: 1017: 813: 586:

reduced by 90%, and the rest of the nPAH compounds reduced to only trace levels.

579: 560: 559:, are low. Use of biodiesel also results in reductions of unburned hydrocarbons, 134: 38: 1154:

J-2 Diesel fuel was used as the fuel component in several engines including the

3761: 3678: 2605: 1852: 1742: 1709: 1582: 1256: 1202: 833: 793: 647: 622: 534: 453: 422: 335: 146: 2868:"Title 26, § 48.4082–1 Diesel fuel and kerosene; exemption for dyed fuel" 2395: 1450:{\displaystyle 0.838kg/L\cdot {\frac {12}{14}}\cdot {\frac {44}{12}}=2.63kg/L} 3850: 3606: 2573:"Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Fuels as a Replacement or Extender for Diesel Fuels" 1837: 1799: 1220: 1132: 1021: 925: 758: 752: 679: 603: 583: 495: 460: 449: 239: 130: 102: 72: 3756: 3696: 3673: 3570: 2414:"Synthetic Diesel May Play a Significant Role as Renewable Fuel in Germany" 1867: 1601: 1151: 1136: 1097: 1033: 984: 980: 849: 595: 548: 477: 138: 3385: 3291: 3153:. Vol. 110. Washington D.C.: American Chemical Society. 13 March 1989 570:(PAH) and nitrated PAH compounds, which have been identified as potential 3797: 3638: 2651: 1857: 1746: 1270: 1216: 1208: 1155: 1120: 1101: 1082: 1045: 875: 837: 809: 687: 519: 485: 428: 367: 270: 258: 142: 68: 2862: 1187:

In the United States, petroleum-derived diesel is composed of about 75%

30:"Gas oil" redirects here. For gas oil as other classes of fuel oil, see 3787: 3553: 3490: 1779: 1771: 1176: 1001: 845: 571: 359: 306: 2815:"Petrol vs. Diesel: Should I Buy a Diesel Car in 2022? | Carplus" 1913: 943: 574:. In recent testing, PAH compounds were reduced by 75–85%, except for 3825: 3782: 3633: 3517:

Microbial Contamination of Diesel Fuel: Impact, Causes and Prevention

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Dieselmotor-Management – Systeme, Komponenten, Steuerung und Regelung

2797:"Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update - Energy Information Administration" 1827: 1767: 1128: 1116: 1093: 1078: 1029: 989: 886: 857: 829: 825: 556: 491: 481: 472: 395: 351: 297: 281:, which all worked well as Diesel engine fuels. Later, Diesel tested 254: 214: 202: 190: 161:. In the United Kingdom, diesel fuel for road use is commonly called 94: 87: 1807: 514:. It can be produced from many types of oils, the most common being 350:

Diesel fuel is produced from various sources, the most common being

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Geschichte des deutschen Verbrennungsmotorenbaues von 1860 bis 1918

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starting in 2006, and becoming mandatory on June 1, 2010 (see also

1158:. J-2 diesel fuel was also used as a fuel for gas turbine engines. 1041: 1037: 997: 960: 871: 821: 728: 666: 662: 651: 526: 515: 511: 410: 339: 293: 289: 285: 282: 274: 266: 213:, a trademarked name from the country's national petroleum company 126: 90: 31: 2671:"For safety sake, homestead fuel storage must be handled properly" 2017:. Nationwide Fuels and Lubricants Ltd. 8 November 2022. p. 5. 1085:

mixtures. Such use has been proposed as a means of separating the

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Poor quality diesel fuel has been used as an extraction agent for

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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1995.

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nor full scale plant has been constructed to recover palladium,

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and the 1911 World's Fair in Paris. The engine actually ran on

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in an older sense referring to a different motor fuel), and in

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content, or biodiesel content. Diesel fuel standards include:

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Torgov, V.G.; Tatarchuk, V.V.; Druzhinina, I.A.; Korda, T.M.

2598:"Biodiesel Benefits - Why Use Biodiesel? - Pacific Biodiesel" 1727: 1109: 1090: 956: 909: 789: 611: 547:

As biodiesel contains low levels of sulfur, the emissions of

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contains additives to keep it liquid at lower temperatures.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory staff (January 2009).

3239:. George E. King Engineering. 14 March 2009. Archived from 2027:

The Macquarie Dictionary 3rd ed, The Macquarie Library 1997

1763: 1715: 1610: 1223:). The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C 406: 342:) can be used in diesel-powered and steam-powered vessels. 296:, which eventually worked as well. In Scotland and France, 3519:(Technical report). Dow Chemical Company. 2003. 253-01246. 2578:. FAME Fuel - Joint FIE Manufacturers Statement. June 2000 2209:

Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines

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As a good approximation the chemical formula of diesel is

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with water. This picture also showcases the phenomenon of

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compression ignition) replaced such systems and made more

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and some other types of internal combustion engines, and

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on diesel fuel are higher than on heating oil due to the

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Environmental Impacts of Synthetic Based Drilling Fluids

1986:"California approves rule phasing out big diesel trucks" 1592:

In the past, diesel fuel contained higher quantities of

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Neff, J.M.; McKelvie, S.; Ayers, RC Jr. (August 2000).

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There has been much discussion and misunderstanding of

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During his first Diesel engine tests, Diesel also used

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Cited as 26 CFR 48.4082-1. This regulation implements

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This category of diesel fuels involves converting the

3042:. London: Institution of Engineering and Technology. 2555:"Biodiesel: ASTM International Specifications (B100)" 1470: 1383: 1115:

act as the extractant. This extraction operates by a

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between 200 and 350 °C (392 and 662 °F) at

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from various sources, as well as types of petrol and

37:"Diesel oil" redirects here. Not to be confused with 1789: 757:

The principal measure of diesel fuel quality is its

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Bosch Automotive Handbook, 6th edition, pp. 327–328

169:if required to differentiate it from a reduced-tax 120:(ULSD) is a diesel fuel with substantially lowered 1939:(4. ed.). New York Basel: Dekker. p. 1. 1566: 1449: 665:, which is typically kept in blue containers, and 225:) is sometimes also used to refer to diesel fuel. 82:The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific 2333: 2331: 1372:Diesel has a density of 0.838 kg per liter. 824:, and in those areas, heating oil is marked with 598:in vegetable oil and animal fats into alkanes by 3848: 3297:. Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3090:Cord-Christian Rossow, Klaus Wolf, Peter Horst: 2856: 2697:. Health and Safety Executive. 6 December 2013. 1587: 3002:Solomon, Brian; Yough, Patrick (15 July 2009). 1899: 1306:The reaction of diesel combustion is given by: 1007: 518:oil (rapeseed methyl ester, RME) in Europe and 437:, which after purification is converted by the 2972:"Diesel Revival Is Going On in the Motor City" 2935:"North Carolina Biodiesel Laws and Incentives" 2872:Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) 2328: 2205: 3591: 3134: 2180: 2178: 589: 3337:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 3315:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3001: 1937:Petroleum refining: technology and economics 1934: 1100:. In this system of solvent extraction, the 897:) that cannot flow in fuel systems. Special 882:, can also be designed to take diesel fuel. 816:. In Europe, the United States, and Canada, 3355:. Cambridge University Press. p. 189. 3285: 3283: 2912:. U.S. Department of Energy. Archived from 1935:Gary, James H.; Handwerk, Glenn E. (2001). 1277: 741: 712:GOST R 52368 (Russia; equivalent to EN 590) 456:(CTL), depending on the raw material used. 3598: 3584: 2493: 2491: 2175: 828:and trace chemicals to prevent and detect 3550:"Oil on the road as a cause of accidents" 3191: 3189: 3111: 3073:, 5th edition, Springer, Wiesbaden 2012, 2662: 2354: 2352: 1874:United States v. Imperial Petroleum, Inc. 1734:can survive and feed on the diesel fuel. 320: 3280: 2864:United States Government Printing Office 2691:"Petroleum – frequently asked questions" 2481: 2479: 1716:Algae, microbes, and water contamination 1170: 1146:During development of rocket engines in 1028:Tractors and heavy equipment were often 1004:), incapable of running on diesel fuel. 942: 641: 476: 444:The process is typically referred to as 381: 181:. The official term for white diesel is 43: 3439: 3381: 3379: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2561:from the original on 17 September 2007. 2488: 1166: 764: 14: 3849: 3186: 2668: 2632:. Lubrizol Corporation. September 2007 2468:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2349: 1959: 1722:microbial contamination of diesel fuel 1600:and preferential taxation have forced 1250: 715:NATO F 54 (NATO; equivalent to EN 590) 3579: 3529: 3497:. Critical Fuel Technology, Inc. 2012 3412: 3035: 2969: 2963: 2910:"Texas Biodiesel Laws and Incentives" 2683: 2476: 1065:use of the diesel fuel being burned. 988:diesel-powered vehicles (such as the 771:Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing 273:). Diesel experimented with types of 3376: 3348: 3222: 3036:Duffy, Michael C. (1 January 2003). 2713: 2421:Foreign Agricultural Service website 2299:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1962, 2278:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2257:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2236:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2188:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2164:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2143:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2122:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2101:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2080:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 2059:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, 1161: 970: 3552:. ICBCclaiminfo.com. Archived from 3332:Toxicological profile for fuel oils 2701:from the original on 5 January 2012 904: 416: 377: 71:specifically designed for use in a 24: 3444:. Wiesbaden: Springer. p. 6. 3230:"Brines and Other Workover Fluids" 2423:. January 25, 2005. Archived from 848:(or gas oil), and is also used in 718:DIN 51601 (West Germany; obsolete) 525:FAME used as fuel is specified in 27:Liquid fuel used in diesel engines 25: 3893: 3564: 3289: 3466:"EU: Fuels: Diesel and Gasoline" 3388:Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide 3292:"Gas turbine development by BMW" 3092:Handbuch der Luftfahrzeugtechnik 2829:"A Primer on Diesel Fuel Prices" 2212:. Berlin: Springer. p. 74. 1806: 1792: 1741:Water in fuel can damage a fuel 746: 48:A tank of diesel fuel on a truck 3722:2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol 3605: 3542: 3523: 3509: 3483: 3458: 3433: 3342: 3323: 3290:Price, P.R, Flight Lieutenant. 3270:Schlumberger Oil Field Glossary 3258: 3165: 3105: 3084: 3063: 3029: 2995: 2945: 2927: 2902: 2846: 2821: 2807: 2789: 2764: 2740: 2669:Warner, Emory (February 1997). 2644: 2619: 2590: 2565: 2547: 2522: 2431: 2406: 2387: 2369: 2310: 2289: 2276:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2268: 2255:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2247: 2234:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2226: 2199: 2186:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2162:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2154: 2141:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2133: 2120:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2112: 2099:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2091: 2078:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 2057:Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors 568:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 193:, diesel fuel is also known as 3491:"What is Diesel Fuel "ALGAE"?" 3349:Date, Anil W. (7 March 2011). 3114:Jane's 1981–82 Military Annual 2730:"Diesel Fuel Technical Review" 2532:. World Energy. Archived from 2530:"Biodiesel: EU Specifications" 2070: 2049: 2030: 2021: 2007: 1978: 1953: 1928: 1893: 1758:Diesel is less flammable than 1753: 1231:, ranging approximately from C 895:Compression Ignition – Gelling 13: 1: 2970:Nadel, Norman (11 May 1977). 1886: 1588:Environment hazards of sulfur 1119:mechanism. So far, neither a 1068: 463:and particulate matter (PM). 3793:Automatic transmission fluid 3727:Dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid 3679:Racing fuel (Tetraethyllead) 3094:, Carl Hanser Verlag, 2014, 1992:. 2023-04-29. Archived from 1823:Common ethanol fuel mixtures 1008:Tractors and heavy equipment 672: 466: 261:, but soon replaced it with 7: 3039:Electric Railways 1880–1990 2772:"Facts about Diesel Prices" 2652:"Pollution: Petrol vs Hemp" 1785: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1598:European emission standards 938: 919: 880:external combustion engines 803: 646:Large diesel fuel tanks in 288:, paraffin oil, crude oil, 244:compression-ignition engine 10: 3898: 3717:Dimethyl methylphosphonate 3008:. MBI Publishing Company. 1960:US EPA, OAR (2015-07-24). 1863:List of diesel automobiles 1848:Gasoline gallon equivalent 1719: 1580: 1576: 1254: 923: 808:Diesel fuel is similar to 768: 750: 734:ASTM D6751 (United States) 637: 590:Hydrogenated oils and fats 529:and ASTM D6751 standards. 470: 426: 420: 233: 228: 187:diesel-engine road vehicle 141:. Diesel is often used in 77:internal combustion engine 36: 29: 3872:IARC Group 2B carcinogens 3816: 3775: 3687: 3616: 3440:Hilgers, Michael (2016). 2504:. acea.be. Archived from 1104:of the diesel act as the 1040:, and any light grade of 977:armored fighting vehicles 836:vehicles that do not use 709:ASTM D975 (United States) 386:A modern diesel dispenser 197:(not to be confused with 63:(historically) or simply 3702:Butylated hydroxytoluene 2627:"Lubrizol B100 Overview" 1833:Diesel automobile racing 1278:Carbon dioxide formation 1075:liquid–liquid extraction 742:Measurements and pricing 504:fatty acid methyl esters 354:. Other sources include 345: 253:At first, Diesel tested 175:identifying coloured dye 152: 3808:Windshield washer fluid 3752:Methyl tert-butyl ether 3732:2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol 3644:Lead Replacement Petrol 3339:, Public Health Service 2676:Backwoods Home Magazine 2206:Ayhan Demirbas (2008). 1814:Renewable energy portal 1025:gas powered equipment. 864: 798:ultra-low-sulfur diesel 737:CAN/CGSB-3.524 (Canada) 542:Unsaturated fatty acids 441:to a synthetic diesel. 439:Fischer–Tropsch process 392:fractional distillation 118:Ultra-low-sulfur diesel 3659:Compressed natural gas 1568: 1451: 1189:saturated hydrocarbons 1184: 1181:Thin-film interference 1135:created by the use of 1096:which comes from used 1050:tractor vaporising oil 948: 899:low-temperature diesel 658: 617: 608:Neste Renewable Diesel 555:, major components of 488: 387: 321:Since the 20th century 173:product containing an 49: 3420:"Flash Point — Fuels" 2376:macCompanion Magazine 1569: 1452: 1261:Gel point (petroleum) 1255:Further information: 1213:aromatic hydrocarbons 1174: 946: 870:engines, such as MAN 769:Further information: 645: 480: 385: 303:1900 Paris Exposition 84:fractional distillate 47: 3867:Hydrocarbon solvents 3495:criticalfueltech.com 2656:Hempcar Transamerica 1468: 1381: 1269:Conventional diesel 1167:Chemical composition 765:Fuel value and price 400:atmospheric pressure 328:Mercedes-Benz OM 138 3470:TransportPolicy.net 3276:on 22 January 2004. 1251:Chemical properties 953:power-to-mass ratio 812:, which is used in 502:) which are mainly 498:or animal fats (bio 332:1970s energy crisis 248:rational heat motor 41:for diesel engines. 3882:Petroleum products 3712:1,2-Dichloroethane 3237:GEKEngineering.com 3150:Chemical Abstracts 2400:2020-04-04 at the 2381:2008-04-09 at the 1902:Energy & Fuels 1880:Winter diesel fuel 1619:Emission standard 1564: 1447: 1185: 979:, for example the 949: 659: 489: 388: 209:), it is known as 50: 3844: 3843: 3767:Tetranitromethane 3747:Metal deactivator 3707:1,2-Dibromoethane 3451:978-3-658-14641-2 3362:978-1-107-00286-9 3127:978-0-7106-0137-7 3120:. p. 59,63. 3079:978-3-8348-1715-0 3049:978-0-85296-805-5 3015:978-0-7603-3359-4 2982:Detroit, Michigan 2958:978-3-642-93490-2 2734:www.staroilco.net 2602:Pacific Biodiesel 2364:978-3-528-14889-8 2344:978-3-642-93490-2 2323:978-3-642-93490-2 2305:978-3-662-11843-6 2284:978-3-642-64940-0 2263:978-3-642-64940-0 2242:978-3-642-64940-0 2219:978-1-84628-994-1 2194:978-3-642-64940-0 2170:978-3-642-64940-0 2149:978-3-642-64940-0 2128:978-3-642-64940-0 2107:978-3-642-64940-0 2086:978-3-642-64940-0 2065:978-3-642-64940-0 1946:978-0-8247-0482-7 1914:10.1021/ef0502711 1760:gasoline / petrol 1702: 1701: 1542: 1522: 1425: 1412: 1162:Chemical analysis 971:Military vehicles 930:Diesel locomotive 576:benz(a)anthracene 494:is obtained from 446:biomass-to-liquid 372:coal liquefaction 171:agricultural-only 137:, or boilers for 99:biomass to liquid 16:(Redirected from 3889: 3831:MTBE controversy 3600: 3593: 3586: 3577: 3576: 3558: 3557: 3556:on 7 April 2013. 3546: 3540: 3539: 3534:. Archived from 3527: 3521: 3520: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3399: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3346: 3340: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3314: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3272:. Archived from 3266:"diesel-oil mud" 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3245: 3234: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3209: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3145: 3132: 3131: 3109: 3103: 3088: 3082: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2967: 2961: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2937:. Archived from 2931: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2906: 2900: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2874:. Archived from 2860: 2854: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2799:. Archived from 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2774:. Archived from 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2753:. Archived from 2752: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2736:. Chevron. 2007. 2726: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2631: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2613: 2604:. Archived from 2594: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2577: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2557:. World Energy. 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2510: 2503: 2495: 2486: 2483: 2474: 2473: 2467: 2459: 2457: 2456: 2450: 2444:. Archived from 2443: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2410: 2404: 2391: 2385: 2373: 2367: 2356: 2347: 2335: 2326: 2314: 2308: 2295:Friedrich Sass: 2293: 2287: 2272: 2266: 2251: 2245: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2203: 2197: 2182: 2173: 2158: 2152: 2137: 2131: 2116: 2110: 2095: 2089: 2074: 2068: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1990:ABC7 Los Angeles 1982: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1972: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1897: 1816: 1811: 1810: 1802: 1797: 1796: 1616: 1615: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1543: 1535: 1530: 1523: 1521: 1504: 1493: 1484: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1426: 1418: 1413: 1405: 1397: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1319: 1318: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1292: 1291: 1058:radiator shrouds 905:On-road vehicles 731:(European Union) 706:(European Union) 633: 417:Synthetic diesel 378:Petroleum diesel 314:illuminating gas 21: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3836:Pay at the pump 3812: 3771: 3742:Ethylenediamine 3683: 3624:Gasoline/petrol 3612: 3604: 3567: 3562: 3561: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3528: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3400:on 6 March 2016 3397: 3390: 3384: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3347: 3343: 3335:. Atlanta, GA: 3328: 3324: 3308: 3307: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3281: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3210:on 28 July 2014 3207: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3147: 3146: 3135: 3128: 3110: 3106: 3089: 3085: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2977:The Argus-Press 2968: 2964: 2950: 2946: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2919: 2917: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2881: 2879: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2838: 2836: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2781: 2779: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2757: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2728: 2727: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2667: 2663: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2611: 2609: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2539: 2537: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2489: 2484: 2477: 2461: 2460: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2439:"Archived copy" 2437: 2436: 2432: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2402:Wayback Machine 2392: 2388: 2383:Wayback Machine 2374: 2370: 2357: 2350: 2336: 2329: 2315: 2311: 2294: 2290: 2274:Rudolf Diesel: 2273: 2269: 2253:Rudolf Diesel: 2252: 2248: 2232:Rudolf Diesel: 2231: 2227: 2220: 2204: 2200: 2184:Rudolf Diesel: 2183: 2176: 2160:Rudolf Diesel: 2159: 2155: 2139:Rudolf Diesel: 2138: 2134: 2118:Rudolf Diesel: 2117: 2113: 2097:Rudolf Diesel: 2096: 2092: 2076:Rudolf Diesel: 2075: 2071: 2055:Rudolf Diesel: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2012: 2008: 1999: 1997: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1968: 1958: 1954: 1947: 1933: 1929: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1812: 1805: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1756: 1724: 1718: 1692:1 January 2009 1678:1 January 2006 1664:1 January 2001 1650:1 January 1996 1636:1 January 1994 1625:Sulfur content 1590: 1585: 1579: 1556: 1534: 1505: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1480: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1439: 1417: 1404: 1393: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1263: 1253: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1169: 1164: 1089:palladium from 1087:fission product 1071: 1018:heavy equipment 1010: 973: 941: 932: 922: 907: 867: 814:central heating 806: 779: 773: 767: 755: 749: 744: 675: 640: 632: 626: 620: 592: 580:2-nitrofluorene 561:carbon monoxide 508:transesterified 475: 469: 431: 425: 419: 380: 348: 336:heavy fuel oils 323: 236: 231: 185:, standing for 155: 135:Stirling engine 42: 39:lubricating oil 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3895: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3862:Diesel engines 3859: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3822: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3762:Tetraethyllead 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3693: 3691: 3689:Fuel additives 3685: 3684: 3682: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3566: 3565:External links 3563: 3560: 3559: 3541: 3538:on 2015-03-23. 3522: 3508: 3482: 3457: 3450: 3432: 3411: 3375: 3361: 3341: 3322: 3279: 3257: 3221: 3185: 3164: 3133: 3126: 3104: 3083: 3062: 3048: 3028: 3014: 2994: 2962: 2944: 2941:on 2007-11-30. 2926: 2901: 2893:26 U.S.C. 2866:(2006-10-25). 2855: 2845: 2820: 2806: 2803:on 2001-08-15. 2788: 2763: 2760:on 2011-07-20. 2739: 2712: 2682: 2661: 2643: 2618: 2589: 2564: 2546: 2521: 2487: 2475: 2430: 2427:on 2006-09-27. 2405: 2386: 2368: 2348: 2327: 2309: 2288: 2267: 2246: 2225: 2218: 2198: 2174: 2153: 2132: 2111: 2090: 2069: 2048: 2029: 2020: 2006: 1977: 1952: 1945: 1927: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1853:Hybrid vehicle 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1803: 1787: 1784: 1755: 1752: 1745:. Some diesel 1743:injection pump 1720:Main article: 1717: 1714: 1710:diesel exhaust 1700: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1639:max. 2000 ppm 1637: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1628:Cetane number 1626: 1623: 1620: 1602:oil refineries 1589: 1586: 1583:diesel exhaust 1578: 1575: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1360: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1315: 1297: 1288: 1279: 1276: 1257:Diesel exhaust 1252: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1209:cycloparaffins 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1133:nuclear wastes 1070: 1067: 1009: 1006: 972: 969: 940: 937: 921: 918: 906: 903: 866: 863: 805: 802: 794:Gulf of Mexico 777: 766: 763: 751:Main article: 748: 745: 743: 740: 739: 738: 735: 732: 723:Biodiesel fuel 720: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 674: 671: 639: 636: 628: 623:Dimethyl ether 619: 616: 591: 588: 535:polymerization 471:Main article: 468: 465: 461:nitrous oxides 454:coal-to-liquid 423:Synthetic fuel 421:Main article: 418: 415: 379: 376: 347: 344: 322: 319: 235: 232: 230: 227: 154: 151: 147:diesel exhaust 55:, also called 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3894: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3589: 3587: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3518: 3512: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3453: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3421: 3415: 3396: 3389: 3382: 3380: 3364: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3345: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3326: 3318: 3312: 3293: 3286: 3284: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3246:on 2013-10-20 3242: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3177:Atomic Energy 3174: 3168: 3152: 3151: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3129: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3101: 3100:9783446436046 3097: 3093: 3087: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3069:Konrad Reif: 3066: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3032: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3006: 2998: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2930: 2916:on 2008-02-05 2915: 2911: 2905: 2898: 2897:§ 4082-1 2894: 2889: 2878:on 2007-03-23 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2849: 2835:on 2007-03-17 2834: 2830: 2824: 2816: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2778:on 2008-07-19 2777: 2773: 2767: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2628: 2622: 2608:on 2017-06-25 2607: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2574: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2536:on 2011-07-24 2535: 2531: 2525: 2511:on 2011-06-11 2507: 2500: 2494: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2471: 2465: 2451:on 2010-08-11 2447: 2440: 2434: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2250: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2221: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2136: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2039: 2033: 2024: 2016: 2010: 1996:on 2023-04-29 1995: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1948: 1942: 1938: 1931: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1838:Dieselisation 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1809: 1804: 1801: 1800:Energy portal 1795: 1790: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1688: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1667:max. 350 ppm 1660: 1659: 1653:max. 500 ppm 1646: 1645: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1584: 1574: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1307: 1304: 1275: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1248: 1222: 1221:alkylbenzenes 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1066: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1022:dieselization 1019: 1015: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 986: 982: 978: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 945: 936: 931: 927: 926:Dieselisation 917: 915: 911: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 883: 881: 877: 873: 862: 859: 854: 851: 847: 841: 839: 835: 834:noncommercial 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 781: 772: 762: 760: 759:cetane number 754: 753:Cetane number 747:Cetane number 736: 733: 730: 727: 726: 725: 724: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 701: 700: 699: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 680:cetane number 670: 668: 664: 657: 653: 649: 644: 635: 631: 624: 615: 613: 609: 605: 604:hydrogenation 601: 597: 596:triglycerides 587: 585: 584:1-nitropyrene 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 549:sulfur oxides 545: 543: 539: 536: 530: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 496:vegetable oil 493: 487: 483: 479: 474: 464: 462: 457: 455: 451: 450:gas-to-liquid 447: 442: 440: 436: 435:synthesis gas 430: 424: 414: 412: 408: 405: 401: 397: 393: 384: 375: 373: 369: 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Retrieved 1965: 1955: 1936: 1930: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1872: 1868:Turbo-diesel 1757: 1747:fuel filters 1740: 1736: 1725: 1703: 1695:max. 10 ppm 1681:max. 50 ppm 1591: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1308: 1305: 1281: 1271:flash points 1268: 1264: 1217:naphthalenes 1203: 1197: 1186: 1177:does not mix 1152:World War II 1145: 1141: 1137:nuclear fuel 1108:while the di 1102:hydrocarbons 1098:nuclear fuel 1072: 1027: 1011: 981:M26 Pershing 974: 950: 933: 908: 884: 868: 855: 850:agricultural 842: 838:public roads 807: 782: 774: 756: 722: 721: 697: 696: 676: 660: 629: 621: 593: 565: 546: 540: 531: 527:DIN EN 14214 524: 506:(FAME), and 490: 458: 443: 432: 389: 349: 324: 311: 252: 237: 222: 218: 210: 205:(as well in 199:"distillate" 194: 186: 182: 178: 167:white diesel 166: 162: 158: 156: 143:heavy trucks 111: 106: 81: 75:, a type of 64: 60: 56: 52: 51: 3857:Diesel fuel 3798:Brake fluid 3649:Electricity 3639:Biogasoline 3530:AFS admin. 3442:Dieselmotor 2748:"Table 2.1" 1966:www.epa.gov 1908:: 403–408. 1858:Liquid fuel 1780:roundabouts 1772:motorcycles 1754:Road hazard 1215:(including 1211:), and 25% 1191:(primarily 1156:BMW 109-718 1121:pilot plant 1083:nitric acid 1046:heating oil 876:gas turbine 810:heating oil 698:Diesel fuel 688:flash point 634:emissions. 572:carcinogens 520:soybean oil 486:soybean oil 429:Electrofuel 368:natural gas 259:Pechelbronn 217:. The term 107:petrodiesel 69:liquid fuel 53:Diesel fuel 3851:Categories 3788:Antifreeze 3617:Fuel types 3425:January 4, 2920:2008-02-29 2882:2006-11-28 2839:2007-03-27 2782:2008-07-17 2695:hse.gov.uk 2612:2017-02-14 2540:2010-08-21 2515:2010-08-21 2455:2010-08-21 2015:"DERV FAQ" 2000:2023-04-29 1971:2023-04-29 1887:References 1622:At latest 1581:See also: 1195:including 1069:Other uses 1054:vaporizers 1002:Unimog 404 924:See also: 846:red diesel 606:, such as 484:made from 427:See also: 360:animal fat 307:peanut oil 195:distillate 179:red diesel 145:, however 57:diesel oil 3826:Fuel card 3783:Motor oil 3634:Biodiesel 3501:9 October 3368:9 October 3055:9 October 3021:9 October 1828:Biodiesel 1768:black ice 1532:⋅ 1525:⋅ 1510:⋅ 1499:⋅ 1489:⋅ 1415:⋅ 1402:⋅ 1193:paraffins 1129:ruthenium 1117:solvation 1094:raffinate 1079:palladium 1063:efficient 1030:multifuel 990:Leopard 1 887:viscosity 858:biodiesel 856:Taxes on 830:tax fraud 826:fuel dyes 673:Standards 648:Sörnäinen 557:acid rain 492:Biodiesel 482:Biodiesel 473:Biodiesel 467:Biodiesel 452:(GTL) or 396:crude oil 352:petroleum 298:shale oil 255:crude oil 221:(French: 215:Pertamina 203:Indonesia 191:Australia 177:known as 127:fuel oils 101:(BTL) or 95:biodiesel 88:petroleum 67:, is any 61:heavy oil 3803:Gear oil 3664:Hydrogen 3654:Kerosene 3311:cite web 3179:, 1994, 3102:, p. 519 3081:, p. 103 2960:. p. 438 2699:Archived 2636:14 March 2582:14 March 2559:Archived 2464:cite web 2398:Archived 2379:Archived 2346:. p. 437 2325:. p. 436 2038:DE 67207 1922:53386870 1843:Gasoline 1786:See also 1776:bicycles 1732:microbes 1698:min. 51 1684:min. 51 1670:min. 51 1656:min. 49 1642:min. 49 1113:sulfides 1044:such as 1042:fuel oil 1038:kerosene 1014:tractors 1012:Today's 998:Ural-375 961:jet fuel 939:Aircraft 920:Railroad 872:M-System 822:fuel tax 804:Taxation 729:EN 14214 667:gasoline 663:kerosene 652:Helsinki 600:refining 553:sulfates 516:rapeseed 512:methanol 411:molecule 340:Bunker C 334:, cheap 294:fuel oil 290:gasoline 286:creosote 283:coal tar 275:lamp oil 271:paraffin 267:kerosene 242:for his 91:fuel oil 32:Fuel oil 3737:Ecalene 3669:Ethanol 3475:17 July 3404:18 July 3250:28 July 3214:28 July 3157:28 July 2987:28 July 2705:18 July 2366:. p. 13 1689:Euro 5 1675:Euro 4 1661:Euro 3 1647:Euro 2 1577:Hazards 1175:Diesel 1150:during 1148:Germany 1125:rhodium 1106:diluent 1034:alcohol 994:MAN 630 985:Panther 965:Jet A-1 959:), and 692:sulphur 684:density 656:Finland 638:Storage 448:(BTL), 356:biomass 279:ligroin 234:Origins 229:History 219:gas oil 18:Gas oil 3818:Retail 3776:Fluids 3629:Diesel 3448: 3359: 3301:7 June 3173:et al. 3124: 3118:Jane's 3098: 3077: 3046: 3012: 2956: 2895: 2362: 2342: 2321: 2307:p. 499 2303: 2286:p. 127 2282: 2265:p. 126 2261: 2244:p. 116 2240: 2216: 2196:p. 115 2192: 2172:p. 114 2168: 2151:p. 111 2147: 2130:p. 110 2126: 2109:p. 108 2105: 2088:p. 107 2084: 2067:p. 125 2063: 2043: 1943: 1920: 1607:EN 590 1594:sulfur 1207:, and 910:Trucks 786:gallon 704:EN 590 500:lipids 404:carbon 370:, and 364:biogas 263:petrol 223:gazole 207:Israel 163:diesel 159:diesel 133:, the 122:sulfur 114:EN 590 65:diesel 3610:fuels 3607:Motor 3398:(PDF) 3391:(PDF) 3295:(PDF) 3244:(PDF) 3233:(PDF) 3208:(PDF) 3201:(PDF) 2758:(PDF) 2751:(PDF) 2679:(43). 2630:(PDF) 2576:(PDF) 2509:(PDF) 2502:(PDF) 2449:(PDF) 2442:(PDF) 1918:S2CID 1778:, in 1728:algae 1385:0.838 1131:from 1110:alkyl 1091:PUREX 1081:from 1048:, or 957:Avgas 914:buses 893:(see 818:taxes 790:litre 612:H-Bio 510:with 407:atoms 346:Types 257:from 211:Solar 189:. 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