Geography of Nepal

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the country's area, consists of mountainous terrain without snow and is inhabited by various indigenous ethnic groups. The Himal region, covering 15% of Nepal's area, contains snow and is home to several high mountain ranges, including Mount Everest, the world's highest peak. Nepal, with elevations ranging from less than 100 meters to over 8,000 meters, has eight climate zones from tropical to perpetual snow. The majority of the country's population resides in the tropical and subtropical climate zones. The tropical zone, below 1,000 meters, experiences frost less than once per decade and is suitable for growing various fruits and crops. The subtropical climate zone, from 1,000 to 2,000 meters, is the most prevalent and suitable for growing rice, maize, millet, wheat, and other crops. The temperate climate zone, from 2,000 to 3,000 meters, occupies 12% of Nepal's land area and is suitable for cold-tolerant crops. The subalpine, alpine, and nival zones have progressively fewer human settlements and agricultural activities.

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Needleleaved open forest is the least common of the forest areas covering 8,267 km (5.62%). At national level 64.8% area is covered by core forests of > 500 ha size and 23.8% forests belong to patch and edge category forests. The patch forest constituted 748 km at national level, out of which 494 km of patch forests are present in hill regions. Middle mountains, Siwaliks and Terai regions have more than 70% of the forest area under core forest category > 500 ha size. The edge forests constituted around 30% of forest area of High Mountain and Hill regions. Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) which was conducted between 2010 and 2014 by the Ministry of Forest and Soil conservation with the financial and technical help of the Government of Finland shows that 40.36% of the land of Nepal is forested. 4.40% of the land has shrubs and bushes.

2251: 2319:. Between 2000 and 2005, Nepal lost about 2,640 km (1,019 sq mi) of forest. Nepal's 2000–2005 total deforestation rate was about 1.4% per year meaning it lost an average of 530 km (205 sq mi) of forest annually. Nepal's total deforestation rate from 1990 to 2000 was 920 km (355 sq mi) or 2.1% per year. The 2000–2005 true deforestation rate in Nepal, defined as the loss of primary forest, is −0.4% or 70 km (27 sq mi) per year. Forest is not changing in the plan land of Nepal, forest fragmenting on the "Roof of the World". 1270: 1257: 965: 2280: 2291:, covering 29.5% of the geographical area, and has a large area (19,783 km) of cultivated or managed lands, natural and semi natural vegetation (22,621 km) and artificial surfaces (200 km). The Tarai region has more cultivated or managed land (14,104 km) and comparatively less natural and semi natural vegetation (4280 km). The Tarai has only 267 km of natural water bodies. The High mountain region has 12,062 km of natural water bodies, snow/glaciers and 13,105 km barren areas. 6508: 6101: 1469:, source of the summer monsoon. Eastern Nepal gets about 2,500 mm (100 in) annually; the Kathmandu area about 1,400 mm (55 in) and western Nepal about 1,000 mm (40 in). This pattern is modified by adiabatic effects as rising air masses cool and drop their moisture content on windward slopes, then warm up as they descend so relative humidity drops. Annual precipitation reaches 5,500 mm (18 ft) on windward slopes in the 6518: 6111: 24: 130: 440: 5169: 5145: 351:

cause serious floods and pose challenges to transportation and communication networks. River management involves addressing flooding, sedimentation, and sustainable water sources for irrigation. Building dams in Nepal is controversial due to seismic activity, glacial lake formation, sedimentation rates, and cross-border equity issues between India and Nepal.

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to over-harvesting of firewood, illegal logging, clearing for agriculture, and infrastructure expansion. As of 2010, 64.8% of the forested area in Nepal is covered by core forests of more than 500 ha in size. Deforestation and degradation are driven by multiple processes, including firewood harvesting, construction, urban expansion, and illegal logging.

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After the post-monsoon comes the winter monsoon, a strong northeasterly flow marked by occasional, short rainfalls in the lowlands and plains and snowfalls in the high-altitude areas. In this season the Himalayas function as a barrier to cold air masses from Inner Asia, so southern Nepal and northern

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The monsoon also complicates transportation with roads and trails washing out while unpaved roads and airstrips may become unusable and cloud cover reduces safety margins for aviation. Rains diminish in September and generally end by mid-October, ushering in generally cool, clear, and dry weather, as

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rise to about 700 metres (2,297 ft) with peaks as high as 1,000 metres (3,281 ft), steeper on their southern flanks because of faults are known as the Main Frontal Thrust. This range is composed of poorly consolidated, coarse sediments that do not retain water or support soil development so

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Nepal's land cover is dominated by forests, which cover 39.09% of the country's total geographical area, followed by agriculture areas at 29.83%. The hill region constitutes the largest portion of Nepal, with significant cultivated lands and natural vegetation. Forests in Nepal face deforestation due

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Nepal has three categories of rivers: the largest systems (Koshi, Gandaki/Narayani, Karnali/Goghra, and Mahakali), second category rivers (rising in the Middle Hills and Lower Himalayan Range), and third category rivers (rising in the outermost Siwalik foothills and mostly seasonal). These rivers can

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in towns and cities, firewood is sold more at energy-competitive prices because cutting and selling it is a fallback when better employment opportunities aren't forthcoming. Firewood still supplies 80% of Nepal's energy for heating and cooking. Harvesting construction timber and lopping branches for

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from 3,000 to 4,000 meters (9,800 to 13,100 ft) occupies 9% of Nepal's land area, mainly in the Mountain and Himalayan regions. It has permanent settlements in the Himalaya, but further south it is only seasonally occupied as pasture for sheep, goats, yak and hybrids in warmer months. There are

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Third, sedimentation rates in the Himalaya are extremely high, leading to rapid loss of storage capacity as sediments accumulate behind dams. Fourth, there are complicated questions of cross-border equity in how India and Nepal would share costs and benefits that have proven difficult to resolve in

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Nevertheless, building dams in Nepal is controversial for several reasons. First, the region is seismically active. Dam failures caused by earthquakes could cause tremendous death and destruction downstream, particularly on the densely populated Gangetic Plain. Second, global warming has led to the

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The year is divided into a wet season from June to September—as summer warmth over Inner Asia creates a low-pressure zone that draws in moist air from the Indian Ocean—and a dry season from October to June as cold temperatures in the vast interior create a high-pressure zone causing dry air to flow

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Nepal has a very high degree of geographic diversity and can be divided into three main regions: Terai, Hilly, and Himal. The Terai region, covering 17% of Nepal's area, is a lowland region with some hill ranges and is culturally more similar to parts of India. The Hilly region, encompassing 68% of

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is a problem in the Siwaliks, with sawlogs smuggled into India. Clearing for resettlement and agriculture expansion also causes deforestation as does urban expansion, building infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, electric transmission lines, water tanks, police and army barracks, temples and

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figures from 2010, forest is the dominant form of land cover in Nepal covering 57,538 km with a contribution of 39.09% to the total geographical area of the country. Most of this forest cover is broadleaved closed and open forest, which covers 21,200 km or 14.4% of the geographical area.

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and India's Bihar and Uttar Pradesh states. The best solution could be building large upstream reservoirs, to capture and store surplus flows during the summer monsoon as well as providing flood control benefits to Bangladesh and India. Then water-sharing agreements could allocate a portion of the

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hills consisting of poorly consolidated, coarse, permeable sediments that do not retain water, so hillsides are often covered with drought-tolerant scrub forest. In fact, much of Nepal's native vegetation adapted to withstand drought, but less so at higher elevations where cooler temperatures mean

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from 1,000 to 2,000 meters (3,300 to 6,600 ft) occupies 22% of Nepal's land area and is the most prevalent climate of the Middle Hills above river valleys. It experiences frost up to 53 days per year, however, this varies greatly with elevation, proximity to high mountains and terrain either

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creates a low-pressure zone that draws in moist air from the Indian Ocean, but this can vary up to a month. Significant failure of monsoon rains historically meant drought and famine while above-normal rains still cause flooding and landslides with losses in human lives, farmland and buildings.

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and mangoes of lower quality grow in the upper tropical zone as well. Winter crops include grains and vegetables typically grown in temperate climates. The Outer Terai is virtually all in the lower tropical zone. Inner Terai valleys span both tropical zones. The Sivalik Hills are mostly upper

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Seasons are divided into a wet season from June to September and a dry season from October to June. The summer monsoon can cause flooding and landslides, while the winter monsoon is marked by occasional rainfall and snowfall. The diverse elevation results in various biomes, including tropical

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Since uplift and erosion are more or less in equilibrium in the Himalaya, at least where the climate is humid, rapid uplift must be balanced out by annual increments of millions tonnes of sediments washing down from the mountains; then on the plains settling out of suspension on vast

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None of these river systems supports significant commercial navigation. Instead, deep gorges create obstacles to establishing transport and communication networks and de-fragmenting the economy. Foot-trails are still the primary transportation routes in many hill districts.

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from 2,000 to 3,000 meters (6,600 to 9,800 ft) occupies 12% of Nepal's land area and has up to 153 annual days of frost. It is encountered in higher parts of the Middle Hills and throughout much of the Mountain region. Crops include cold-tolerant rice, maize, wheat,

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Needleleaved open forest is the least common of the forest areas covering 8267 km (5.62%). Agriculture area is significant extending over 43,910 km (29.83%). As would be expected, the high mountain area is largely covered by snow and glaciers and barren land.

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In the Middle Hills road construction, reservoirs, transmission lines and extractive manufacturing such as cement factories cause deforestation. In the mountains building hotels, monasteries and trekking trails cause deforestation while timber-smuggling into the

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Terai is a low land region containing some hill ranges. Looking out for its coverage, it covers 17% of the total area of Nepal. The Terai (also spelt Tarai) region begins at the Indian border and includes the southernmost part of the flat, intensively farmed

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outward. April and May are months of intense water stress when cumulative effects of the long dry season are exacerbated by temperatures rising over 40 °C (104 °F) in the tropical climate belt. Seasonal drought further intensifies in the

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from 4,000 to 5,000 meters (13,100 to 16,400 ft) occupies 8% of the country's land area. There are a few permanent settlements above 4,000 meters. There is virtually no plant cultivation although medicinal herbs are gathered.

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which are mainly used for seasonal pasturage. By geographical view, it covers 15% of the total area of Nepal. A few tens kilometers further north the high Himalaya abruptly rise along the Main Central Thrust fault zone above the

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The native forests of the Mountain region change from east to west as precipitation decreases. They can be broadly classified by their relation to the Gandaki River. From 3,000 to 4,000 meters (10,000 to 13,000 ft) are the

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Uddin, Kabir; Shrestha, Him Lal; Murthy, M. S. R.; Bajracharya, Birendra; Shrestha, Basanta; Gilani, Hammad; Pradhan, Sudip; Dangol, Bikash (15 January 2015). "Development of 2010 national land cover database for the Nepal".

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The great majority of Nepal's population occupies the tropical and subtropical climate zones. In the Middle Hills, "upper-caste" Hindus are concentrated in tropical valleys which are well suited for rice cultivation while

386:). In addition to the continuum from tropical warmth to cold comparable to polar regions, average annual precipitation varies from as little as 160 millimetres (6.3 in) in its narrow proportion of the 4143: 1527:

India have warmer winters than would otherwise be the case. April and May are dry and hot, especially below 1,200 meters (4,000 ft) where afternoon temperatures may exceed 40 °C (104 °F).

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in Tibet itself, these valleys have become repositories of traditional ways. Valleys with better access from the hill regions to the south are culturally linked to Nepal as well as Tibet, notably the

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data of 2010 shows that show that forest is the dominant form of land cover in Nepal covering 57,538 km with a contribution of 39.09% to the total geographical area of the country. Most of this

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Other indigenous Janajati ethnic groups -— natively speaking highly localized Tibeto-Burman languages and dialects -— populate hillsides up to about 2,500 metres (8,000 ft). This group includes

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less than once per decade. It can be subdivided into lower tropical (below 300 meters or 1,000 ft.) with 18% of the nation's land area) and upper (18% of land area) tropical zones. The best

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Himal Region is a mountainous region containing snow. The Mountain Region begins where high ridges (Nepali: लेक; lekh) begin substantially rising above 3,000 metres (10,000 ft) into the

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and the Babai between the Gandaki and Karnali systems. Without glacial sources, annual flow regimes in these rivers are more variable although limited flow persists through the dry season.

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creates an escarpment 1,000 to 1,500 metres (3,000 to 5,000 ft) high, to a crest between 1,500 and 2,700 metres (5,000 and 9,000 ft). It covers 68% of the total area of Nepal.

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culture along the lower Koshi in Nepal and Bihar celebrated the river as the giver of life for its fertile alluvial soil, yet also the taker of life through its catastrophic floods.

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over which rivers meander and change course at least every few decades, causing some experts to question whether manmade embankments can contain the problem of flooding. Traditional

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from lowlands in Nepal and India. Since trade was restricted in the 1950s they have found work as high altitude porters, guides, cooks and other accessories to tourism and alpinism.

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measures about 880 kilometers (547 mi) along its Himalayan axis by 150 to 250 kilometers (93 to 155 mi) across. It has an area of 147,516 km (56,956 sq mi).

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Forming south-to-north transects, Nepal can be divided into three belts: Terai, Pahad and Himal. In the other direction, it is divided into three major river systems, east to west:

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Uddin, Kabir; Chaudhary, Sunita; Chettri, Nakul; Kotru, Rajan; Murthy, Manchiraju; Chaudhary, Ram Prasad; Ning, Wu; Shrestha, Sahas Man; Gautam, Shree Krishna (September 2015).

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well as the most relaxed and jovial period in Nepal. By this time, the harvest is completed and people are in a festive mood. The two largest and most important Hindu festivals—

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Hilly Region is a mountain region which does not generally contain snow. It is situated to the south of the Himal Region (the snowy mountain region). This region begins at the

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at 5,000 to 5,500 metres (16,400 to 18,000 ft). Some 90 of Nepal's peaks exceed 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) and eight exceed 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) including

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may be preceded by a buildup of thunderstorm activity that provides water for rice seedbeds. Sustained rain on average arrives in mid-June as rising temperatures over

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in the Middle Hills may be able to capture peak flows and mitigate downstream flooding, to store surplus monsoon flows for dry season irrigation and to generate

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to outlaw it in 1976. There is increasing reliance on animal husbandry with elevation, using land above 2,000 metres (7,000 ft) for summer grazing and

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between 1,000 and 2,000 meters (3,300 and 6,600 ft). At higher elevations, to 3,000 meters (10,000 ft), are found temperate broadleaf forests:

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began in the 1930s and infrastructure such as roadways, railways and electricity were extended across the border before it reached Nepal's Pahad region.

1462:. Population density is very low. Cultivation and husbandry conform to subalpine and alpine patterns but depend on snowmelt and streams for irrigation. 4654: 2095:

As Nepal builds barrages to divert more water for irrigation during the dry season preceding the summer monsoon, there is less for downstream users in

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For a country of its size, Nepal has tremendous geographic diversity. It rises from as low as 59 metres (194 ft) elevation in the tropical

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rising in or beyond the high Himalaya that maintain substantial flows from snowmelt through the hot, drought-stricken spring before the summer

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Permanent villages in the mountain region stand as high as 4,500 metres (15,000 ft) with summer encampments even higher. Bhotiyas graze

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state, India after breaking through a poorly maintained embankment just inside Nepal. The West Rapti in the second category is called "

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These steep southern slopes are nearly uninhabited, thus an effective buffer between languages and culture in the Terai and Hilly.

1865:. The Trisuli rises north of the international border inside Tibet. After the seven upper tributaries join, the river becomes the 6422: 6015: 4802: 1580: 157: 88: 4413: 2016:

Rivers in all three categories are capable of causing serious floods. Koshi River in the first category caused a major flood in

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Subtropical forests dominate the lower elevations of the Hill region. They form a mosaic running east–west across Nepal, with

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While India and Nepal have an open border with no restrictions on movement of their citizens on either side, there are 23

1796:. The Arun rises in Tibet some 150 kilometers (100 mi) beyond Nepal's northern border. A tributary of the Sun Koshi, 67: 6397: 6035: 4691: 1596: 1588: 41: 5023: 1320:

tropical. Tropical climate zones extend far upriver valleys across the Middle Hills and even into the Mountain regions.

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to as much as 5,500 millimetres (216.5 in) on windward slopes, the maximum mainly resting on the magnitude of the

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system (including all of Nepal) actually lies north of the highest ranges. Alpine, often semi-arid valleys—including

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Depletion of aquifers without building upstream dams as a sustainable alternative water source could precipitate a

1755:. These tributaries cross the highest mountains in deep gorges, flow south through the Middle Hills, then join in 5733: 2436: 2299:

25.4% of Nepal's land area, or about 36,360 km (14,039 sq mi) is covered with forest according to

5825: 2081: 56: 45: 4369:, Forest & Landscape Development and Environment Series 2-2005 and CFC-TIS Document Series No.110., 2005, 1422: 6071: 5529: 2339:

fodder for cattle and other farm animals are also deforestation/degradation drivers in all geographic zones.

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Existing and proposed dams, barrages and canals for flood control, irrigation and hydroelectric generation

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Himalaya with traditional Tibetan cultural affinities. The upper Karnali rises inside Tibet near-sacred

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watershed largely coincides with the Nepal-Tibet border, save for certain tributaries rising beyond it.

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The Map of Potential Vegetation of Nepal - a forestry/agroecological/biodiversity classification system

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is taught in schools and often spoken in government offices, however, the local population mostly uses

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to 90 peaks over 7,000 metres (22,966 ft) including Earth's highest (8,848-metre (29,029 ft)

4444:. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal, Water and Energy Commission Secretariat. p. vii. Archived from 2272:

is broadleaved closed and open forest, which covers 21,200 km or 14.4% of the geographical area.

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view of the Himalayas and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the

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along the Nepal-India border on the west joins the Karnali in India, where the river is known as

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Nepal has consistently been ranked as one of the most polluted countries in the world.

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Deforestation is driven by multiple processes. Virtually throughout the nation, over-harvest of

1022:. The Newar were originally indigenous to the Kathmandu valley but have spread into Pokhara and 81: 6282: 6277: 6172: 6081: 5960: 5955: 5835: 5629: 5593: 5371: 4445: 3919: 3858: 3618: 3589: 3552: 3515: 3473: 3435: 3320: 2065: 1937: 1777: 1681: 685: 2261:’s first and most complete national land cover database of Nepal prepared using public domain 1458: 1363:

ethnic groups mostly live above in the subtropical zone and grow other grains more than rice.

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and the way was open to settlement from the land-poor hills, to the detriment of the Tharu.

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beyond the high mountains, annual precipitation drops as low as 160 mm (6 in).

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figures from 2005. FAO estimates that around 9.6% of Nepal's forest cover consists of

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Precipitation generally decreases from east to west with increasing distance from the

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for trade purposes. These are listed in clockwise order, east to west. The six in

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Nepal has three categories of rivers. The largest systems -— from east to west the

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rivers rise in the Middle Hills and Lower Himalayan Range, from east to west the

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savannas, subtropical and temperate forests, montane grasslands, and shrublands.

459: 5422: 5412: 5346: 5301: 4926:. Land Cover/Land Use Change (LC/LUC) and Environmental Impacts in South Asia. 4854:. Land Cover/Land Use Change (LC/LUC) and Environmental Impacts in South Asia. 3803: 3742: 3667: 3393: 3361: 3108: 3103: 3067: 3030: 2994: 2957: 2891: 2824: 2757: 2693: 2626: 2621: 2559: 2554: 2488: 2164: 2089: 2080:, with over 300 million combined population. With India already experiencing a 2029: 1885: 1870: 1822: 1801: 1701: 1693: 1116: 1091: 1019: 1004: 926: 898: 871: 867: 825: 726: 690: 654: 621: 581: 511: 414: 371: 4680: 4309:

Important Trade Routes in Nepal and Their Importance to the Settlement Process

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The dramatic changes in elevation along this transect result in a variety of

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The Terai ends and the Pahad begin at a higher range of foothills called the

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stored water to be left to flow into India during the following dry season.

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The Outer Terai ends at the base of the first range of foothills called the

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Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation

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Nepal's latitude is about the same as that of the United States state of

1230: 1213: 1008: 988: 952:. They traditionally traded across the mountains, e.g., Tibetan salt for 402: 387: 318: 4609: 4140:"One more report ranks Nepal among most polluted countries in the world" 2307:

which is relatively intact. About 12.1% Nepal's forest is classified as

1167:. This range has a densely forested skirt of coarse alluvium called the 1130:

The Outer Terai is culturally more similar to adjacent parts of India's

1057:

further east. Temperate and subtropical fruits are grown as cash crops.

5519: 5376: 5366: 5321: 5263: 3915: 2683: 2096: 1913: 1901: 1893: 1854: 1756: 1639: 1503: 1453: 1417:, amaranthus, buckwheat and apple. Medicinal plants are also gathered. 1325: 1046: 1034: 734: 612: 503: 328: 150: 5361: 5277: 3594: 3557: 3461: 3371: 3356: 3241: 3072: 3020: 2564: 2085: 2058: 2050: 2025: 1858: 1830: 1805: 1785: 1748: 1659: 1647: 1555: 1470: 1445: 1395: 1312: 945: 803: 495: 468: 391: 375: 295: 5718: 1209:

there is virtually no agricultural potential and sparse population.

23: 4472:"Interpretation of Erosional Topography in Humid Temperate Regions" 3991: 3976: 3924: 3315: 3189: 2984: 2814: 2631: 2331: 2207: 1781: 1491: 1409:

up to 229 annual days of frost here. Crops include barley, potato,

1391: 491: 6125: 1086:

The Hilly ends where ridges begin substantially rising out of the

5148:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3863: 3727: 3520: 3098: 2999: 2962: 2829: 2698: 2195: 2109: 1993: 1975: 1671: 1663: 1512: 1410: 1360: 1308: 1278: 1223: 1186: 1143: 1068: 1050: 1012: 903: 764: 698: 499: 2032:. Third category Terai rivers are associated with flash floods. 129: 5567: 5534: 5514: 5417: 3849: 3256: 3113: 2881: 2315:

according to FAO. About 5.1% Nepal's forests are classified as

2203: 2199: 2191: 1921: 1670:

depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer

1667: 1520: 1383: 1375: 1348: 1340: 1316: 1304: 1300: 1201: 1197:

forest, one kos equaling about three kilometers or two miles).

1189:. Nepal's rulers used this for a defensive frontier called the 1169: 1063: 1038: 996: 949: 941: 937: 909: 887: 883: 863: 662: 629: 564: 332: 4920: 4848: 4805:. Lund, Sweden: Lund University, Water Resources Engineering. 4283:. Travel Guide. Himalayan Echo Trek and Travel. Archived from 2194:, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of 2061:

that in the aggregate are unsustainably "mining" groundwater.

1912:. The area around these features is the hydrographic nexus of 1821:

has seven Himalayan tributaries in the center of the country:

5504: 5427: 5020:"Nepal-India Open Border: Prospects, Problems and Challenges" 3330: 3123: 3082: 3045: 3009: 2972: 2906: 2839: 2772: 2708: 2641: 2373: 2369: 2288: 2077: 2021: 1897: 1874: 1655: 1651: 1536: 1429: 1387: 1379: 1352: 1344: 1336: 1296: 1292: 1105: 992: 894: 893:

Some of these valleys historically were more accessible from

875: 859: 367: 336: 310: 303: 248: 4966:. Kathmandu: World Wildlife Fund Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program. 4108:"Nepal's holy Bagmati River choked with black sewage, trash" 2120:

the context of frequent acrimony between the two countries.

1307:

are largely confined to the lower zone. Other fruit such as

439: 5479: 4507:

Devkota, Lochan; Crosato, Alessandra; Giri, Sanjay (2012).

2003: 1583:

between 500 and 1,000 meters (1,600 and 3,300 ft) and

1433: 1332: 1124: 953: 140: 4994:"Nepal's forests 'being stripped by Indian timber demand'" 4956: 4884: 4803:"Sediment Transport Studies in Punatsangchu River, Bhutan" 4690:. New Delhi: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies: 11. 2116:

with cascading failures of manmade structures downstream.

1767:

exceeding 10,000 km (4,000 sq mi) in area.

5184: 4749:"Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Nepal" 4540:"Floods of Mithila Region: Raising Questions on Survival" 4438:

Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change

2397:

are also used for entry/exit by third country nationals.

2300: 2254:

A land cover map of Nepal using Landsat 30 m (2010) data.

1234: 933: 890:—cut between Himalayan sub ranges or lie north of them. 1763:

and emerging onto the plains where they have deposited

1692:

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-

1449:

and there is no human habitation or even seasonal use.

1776:

for its seven Himalayan tributaries in eastern Nepal:

1569:, and finally rock and ice at the highest elevations. 1331:

draining or ponding cold air drainage. Crops include

987:

mainly populate river and stream bottoms that enable

2287:The Hill region constitutes the largest portion of 48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4506: 4192:"Averting an air pollution disaster in South Asia" 1869:inside Nepal and is joined by the East Rapti from 1711:Signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation 1708:, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands 1181:refers to wet or marshy ground. Before the use of 417:along the western border), all tributaries of the 4610:The United Nations. World Food Programme (2009). 2334:remains problematic. Despite the availability of 1936:. It is the centre of the universe according to 6534: 4435:Aryal, Ravi Sharma; Rajkarnikar, Gautam (2011). 4434: 4306:Graafen, Rainer; Seeber, Christian (June 1992). 4218:"Trash and Overcrowding at the Top of the World" 1473:Himalaya beyond a relatively low stretch of the 1260:Nepal map of Köppen climate classification zones 4718:"Revision of the West Seti Dam Design in Nepal" 2131:Total: 147,516 km (56,956 sq mi) 1982:between the Kosi and Gandaki systems, then the 1291:below 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) experiences 991:and are warm enough for winter/spring crops of 4916: 4914: 4619:. New Delhi: Institute for Human Development. 3612: 2382: 2134:Land: 143,181 km (55,282 sq mi) 2112:. Sudden failures of these moraines can cause 1212:In several places beyond the Chure, there are 6141: 5734: 5247: 4305: 4244:"The very air we breathe | UNICEF Nepal" 1896:as major tributaries. The upper Bheri drains 1071:) until international pressure persuaded the 1045:around the periphery of Kathmandu Valley and 929:culture shows influences in both directions. 317:to the north and India on other three sides. 4996:. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. 2137:Water: 4,000 km (1,544 sq mi) 897:than Nepal and are populated by people with 5261: 5084:. Vol. XXVIII, no. 7. July 2016. 4911: 4674: 4672: 2235:11,680 km² (2003) Nearly 50% of arable land 1800:also rises in Tibet and is followed by the 1611:. To 5,500 meters (18,000 ft) are the 1609:western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 1440:and hybrids are pastured in warmer months. 6148: 6134: 5741: 5727: 5254: 5240: 1617:western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 1565:forests on the slopes of the Himalaya, to 1077:moving herds to lower elevations in winter 482:There are some 20 subranges including the 128: 4992:Khadka, Navin Singh (28 September 2010). 4902: 4403: 2180: 2007:Nepal's towns, villages, rivers and peaks 917:in Kumbu valley near Mount Everest. With 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 5208:Nepal Encyclopedia Geopolitical category 4678: 4669: 3624:Ports of Entry According to 2012 Treaty 2278: 2249: 2002: 1759:-like configuration before crossing the 1700:, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, 1273:Satellite image of Nepal in October 2002 1268: 1255: 963: 438: 202:147,516 km (56,956 sq mi) 5156:Nepal and Bhutan : country studies 4644: 1849:and flows through the semi-independent 1622: 1581:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 1443:Above 5,000 meters the climate becomes 6535: 5043: 5041: 5012: 4991: 4800: 4746: 4537: 1687:Environment - international agreements 6129: 5748: 5722: 5235: 4809:from the original on 15 December 2013 4728:from the original on 14 December 2013 4715: 4697:from the original on 26 November 2013 4657:from the original on 15 December 2013 4626:from the original on 14 December 2013 4581:from the original on 18 December 2013 4569:Brown, Lester R. (29 November 2013). 4568: 4550:from the original on 18 December 2013 1094:above 3,000 metres (10,000 ft). 1007:valleys fall within the Hill region. 475:at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) and 5220:Brief and Concise Geography of Nepal 5121:from the original on 19 October 2020 5055:from the original on 19 October 2020 5000:from the original on 13 October 2018 4645:Kennedy, Kristian A. (17 May 2010). 4469: 2354:and over-grazing cause degradation. 1264: 602: Northern Kanchenjunga 46:adding citations to reliable sources 17: 6155: 5038: 4957:Kathmandu Forestry College (2013). 4924:Journal of Environmental Management 4852:Journal of Environmental Management 4404:Mallapaty, Smriti (12 April 2019). 4088:from the original on 7 January 2024 2011: 1996:foothills and are mostly seasonal. 1597:western Himalayan broadleaf forests 1589:eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 936:, grow cold-tolerant crops such as 361: 13: 4647:"The Naxalite Insurgency in India" 4613:Food Security Atlas of Rural Bihar 4488:from the original on 17 April 2012 4416:from the original on 17 April 2019 4322:from the original on 18 April 2021 1916:since it holds the sources of the 1585:Himalayan subtropical pine forests 976:, where a fault system called the 843: 479:at 8,598 metres (28,209 ft). 14: 6554: 5137: 5111:"Kodari Checkpoint To Open Today" 5091:from the original on 13 July 2019 5022:. Nepal Democracy. Archived from 4973:from the original on 5 March 2016 4904:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.04.003 4571:"India's dangerous 'food bubble'" 4538:Thakur, Atul Kumar (7 May 2009). 4120:from the original on 12 July 2023 1574:Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 1567:montane grasslands and shrublands 6516: 6507: 6506: 6109: 6100: 6099: 5172: This article incorporates 5167: 5143: 5049:"中华人民共和国政府和尼泊尔政府关于边境口岸及其管理制度的协定" 4250:from the original on 8 July 2023 4224:from the original on 8 July 2023 4198:from the original on 8 July 2023 4172:from the original on 8 July 2023 4146:from the original on 8 July 2023 1720: 22: 5103: 5067: 4985: 4950: 4878: 4842: 4794: 4740: 4709: 4638: 4603: 4562: 4531: 4500: 4463: 4428: 4397: 4354: 4299: 2238:Total renewable water resources 1888:drains western Nepal, with the 1853:, then between the 8,000 meter 1452:Arid and semi-arid land in the 848:The main watershed between the 374:, through beyond the perpetual 33:needs additional citations for 6474:British Indian Ocean Territory 6067:British Indian Ocean Territory 4273: 4262: 4236: 4210: 4184: 4158: 4132: 4100: 4070: 4035:5,095 m (16,700 ft) 3782:4,620 m (15,200 ft) 3716:3,640 m (11,900 ft) 2028:'s Sorrow" for its history of 1530: 1: 5530:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu 4936:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.047 4864:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.047 4063: 3968:2,248 m (7,400 ft) 3907:1,760 m (5,800 ft) 3843:1,850 m (6,100 ft) 2357: 2245: 1992:rivers rise in the outermost 1900:, a remote valley beyond the 1629:Environmental issues in Nepal 1061:was grown and processed into 999:. The increasingly urbanized 561: 29,029 ft 265:8,848 m (29,029 ft) 253:1,690 km (1,050 mi) 239:2,926 km (1,818 mi) 4891:Landscape and Urban Planning 4716:Thapa, A.B. (January 2010). 4412:. Spring Nature Publishing. 1920:and its major tributary the 1676:Environment - current issues 1543:along the Indian border, to 1138:than to the Pahad of Nepal. 1110:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal 1026:alongside urbanized Pahari. 1015:ethnic group with their own 807:(10th highest in the world) 7: 5584:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 4679:Malhotra, Pia (July 2010). 4479:American Journal of Science 4041: 3613:Border crossings with China 2383:Border crossings with India 2283:Terraced farmland in Nepal. 2170:Highest point: Sagarmatha ( 768:(8th highest in the world) 738:(7th highest in the world) 702:(6th highest in the world) 666:(5th highest in the world) 633:(4th highest in the world) 593:(3rd highest in the world) 558: 8,848 m 246:1,236 km (768 mi) 10: 6559: 4688:IPCS Special Report No. 95 4053:List of mountains in Nepal 3616: 2294: 2082:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 1724: 1626: 1484: 1251: 1103: 123:Geography of Nepal (नेपाल) 6502: 6461: 6421: 6163: 6095: 6054: 6014: 5756: 5653: 5602: 5576: 5543: 5462: 5441: 5395: 5270: 5225:25 September 2022 at the 5161:Federal Research Division 3206:Taulihawa-Siddharthnagar 1845:rises on the edge of the 1770:The Koshi is also called 1041:south of the Annapurnas, 919:Chinese cultural hegemony 533: 523:Nepal’s highest mountains 370:—the northern rim of the 291: 281: 269: 257: 230: 222: 214: 206: 198: 188: 146: 136: 127: 6223:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5816:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5213:14 February 2009 at the 5191:(Archived 2005 edition.) 5082:Chinese Embassy in India 3484:Lakhimpur Kheri district 1572:This corresponds to the 1099: 959: 822: 783: 715: 679: 606: 434: 6484:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6077:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5201:11 January 2012 at the 3299:Siddharthnagar district 2352:Tibet Autonomous Region 2336:liquefied petroleum gas 2123: 1974:south of the Kosi; the 1938:traditional cosmography 1747:—originate in multiple 1727:List of rivers of Nepal 555:(Highest in the world) 502:north of Pokhara, then 315:Tibet Autonomous Region 309:Nepal is landlocked by 277:59 m (194 ft) 274:Mukhiyapatti Musharniya 5594:Atolls of the Maldives 5372:Chittagong Hill Tracts 5174:public domain material 4830:Cite journal requires 4801:Choden, Sonam (2009). 4782:Cite journal requires 4470:Hack, John T. (1960). 3920:Sankhuwasabha District 3859:Sindhupalchok District 3590:Sudurpashchim Province 3553:Sudurpashchim Province 3516:Sudurpashchim Province 3474:Sudurpashchim Province 3436:Sudurpashchim Province 2284: 2255: 2181:Resources and land use 2066:Malthusian catastrophe 2008: 1877:, its name changes to 1863:world's deepest valley 1706:Ozone Layer Protection 1459:Transhimalayan climate 1456:of high ranges have a 1274: 1261: 969: 686:Sankhuwasabha District 490:around Mount Everest. 486:massif along with the 455: 4021:27.81667°N 87.73333°E 3973:Ri'og–Olangchung Gola 3954:27.85833°N 87.42500°E 3893:27.97333°N 85.96389°E 3829:28.27917°N 85.37861°E 3768:29.32333°N 83.98583°E 3702:30.15333°N 81.33333°E 3637:Chinese Jurisdiction 3617:Further information: 3227:27.45833°N 82.99444°E 2933:26.65806°N 86.06778°E 2867:26.60611°N 86.13722°E 2800:26.45000°N 86.79278°E 2736:26.51861°N 86.95111°E 2669:26.40250°N 87.26583°E 2602:26.54722°N 88.11000°E 2535:26.64472°N 88.16194°E 2464:26.94833°N 88.12222°E 2311:while about 21.4% is 2282: 2253: 2220:Permanent crops: 0.8% 2006: 1761:Lower Himalayan Range 1475:Lower Himalayan Range 1272: 1259: 1246:Lower Himalayan Range 1185:this was dangerously 974:Lower Himalayan Range 967: 913:including the famous 729:(Nepal-China Border) 693:(Nepal-China Border) 657:(Nepal-China Border) 624:(Nepal-India Border) 584:(Nepal-China Border) 442: 226:0 km (0 mi) 6398:United Arab Emirates 5991:United Arab Emirates 5115:The Spotlight Online 4651:Geopolitical Monitor 4597:16 July 2014 at the 4513:Rural Infrastructure 3912:Chentang–Kimathanka 3634:Nepali Jurisdiction 3600:Pithoragarh district 1623:Environmental issues 978:Main Boundary Thrust 494:north of Kathmandu, 57:"Geography of Nepal" 42:improve this article 6425:limited recognition 6018:limited recognition 5470:Indo-Gangetic plain 5403:Balochistan Plateau 4017: / 3950: / 3889: / 3825: / 3764: / 3698: / 3625: 3427:Prithivipur (Sati) 3284:Kapilvastu District 3223: / 2929: / 2863: / 2796: / 2732: / 2665: / 2598: / 2571:Darjeeling district 2531: / 2460: / 2223:Other: 83.2% (2001) 2108:dammed by unstable 1591:to the east of the 1495:less water stress. 1233:. In the mid-1950s 722:Solukhumbu District 650:Solukhumbu District 577:Solukhumbu District 525: 396:South Asian monsoon 327:separate Nepal and 169: / 124: 6543:Geography of Nepal 5382:Gandhamardan Hills 5352:Sulaiman Mountains 5180:The World Factbook 5026:on 18 October 2005 4761:on 24 January 2014 4386:on 3 December 2013 4116:. 17 August 2022. 4026:27.81667; 87.73333 3987:Taplejung District 3959:27.85833; 87.42500 3898:27.97333; 85.96389 3834:28.27917; 85.37861 3773:29.32333; 83.98583 3707:30.15333; 81.33333 3623: 3619:China–Nepal border 3232:27.45833; 82.99444 3078:Sitamarhi district 3041:Sitamarhi district 2968:Madhubani district 2938:26.65806; 86.06778 2872:26.60611; 86.13722 2805:26.45000; 86.79278 2741:26.51861; 86.95111 2674:26.40250; 87.26583 2607:26.54722; 88.11000 2540:26.64472; 88.16194 2469:26.94833; 88.12222 2368:Border countries: 2285: 2256: 2217:Arable land: 16.0% 2154:Elevation extremes 2009: 1851:Kingdom of Mustang 1552:coniferous forests 1275: 1262: 1239:suppress mosquitos 1231:genetic resistance 970: 923:Kali Gandaki Gorge 901:affinities called 718:Khumbu Pasanglhamu 711:Khumbu Mahalangur 675:Makalu Mahalangur 646:Khumbu Pasanglhamu 617:Taplejung District 573:Khumbu Pasanglhamu 521: 506:further west with 456: 331:. To the east are 235:Total land borders 215: • Water 199: • Total 122: 6530: 6529: 6467:other territories 6123: 6122: 6060:other territories 5750:Geography of Asia 5716: 5715: 5490:Indus River Delta 5183:(2024 ed.). 5075:"News from China" 4575:Los Angeles Times 4451:on 3 January 2016 4315:. Vol. 130. 4194:. 21 April 2023. 4082:kathmandupost.com 4039: 4038: 3610: 3609: 3412:Bahraich district 2317:production forest 2186:Natural resources 2149:0 km (landlocked) 1554:in the hills, to 1541:tropical savannas 1369:Temperate climate 1265:Altitudinal belts 1237:came into use to 1088:temperate climate 1037:west of Pokhara, 841: 840: 518:in the far west. 452:annotated version 324:Siliguri Corridor 301: 300: 207: • Land 173:28.000°N 84.000°E 118: 117: 110: 92: 6550: 6520: 6510: 6509: 6479:Christmas Island 6165:Sovereign states 6157:Climate of Asia 6150: 6143: 6136: 6127: 6126: 6113: 6103: 6102: 6072:Christmas Island 5758:Sovereign states 5743: 5736: 5729: 5720: 5719: 5510:Coromandel Coast 5433:Pothohar Plateau 5357:Toba Kakar Range 5286: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5188: 5171: 5170: 5164: 5147: 5146: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5090: 5079: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5045: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4972: 4965: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4918: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4785: 4780: 4778: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4760: 4753: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4724:(6). Kathmandu. 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4696: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4607: 4601: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4487: 4481:. 258-A: 80–97. 4476: 4467: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4450: 4443: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4385: 4379:, archived from 4368: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4345: 4341: 4339: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4281:"Peaks of Nepal" 4277: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4113:Associated Press 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4074: 4058:Valleys of Nepal 4048:Geology of Nepal 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4010: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3818: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3738:Mustang District 3713: 3712: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3626: 3622: 3469:Kailali District 3404:Lumbini Province 3367:Lumbini Province 3326:Lumbini Province 3289:Lumbini Province 3252:Lumbini Province 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3185:Lumbini Province 2944: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2400: 2399: 2012:River management 1980:Kathmandu Valley 1926:Ganges tributary 1924:, the Karnali—a 1906:Lake Manasarovar 1873:. Crossing into 1818:Gandaki/Narayani 1737:Gandaki/Narayani 1390:, various cole, 989:rice cultivation 835:Gandaki Province 823: 817:Annapurna Massif 796:Gandaki Province 784: 757:Gandaki Province 716: 680: 607: 526: 520: 488:Mahalangur Himal 407:Gandaki/Narayani 362:Landform regions 184: 183: 181: 180: 179: 174: 170: 167: 166: 165: 162: 132: 125: 121: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6498: 6466: 6457: 6438:Northern Cyprus 6424: 6417: 6159: 6154: 6124: 6119: 6091: 6059: 6050: 6031:Northern Cyprus 6017: 6010: 5752: 5747: 5717: 5712: 5649: 5598: 5572: 5539: 5458: 5437: 5391: 5342:Anaimalai Hills 5282: 5266: 5260: 5227:Wayback Machine 5215:Wayback Machine 5203:Wayback Machine 5177: 5168: 5153: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5117:. 29 May 2019. 5109: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5047: 5046: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4919: 4912: 4883: 4879: 4847: 4843: 4831: 4829: 4820: 4819: 4812: 4810: 4799: 4795: 4783: 4781: 4772: 4771: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4747:ICIMOD (2011). 4745: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4683: 4677: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4599:Wayback Machine 4584: 4582: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4474: 4468: 4464: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4402: 4398: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4343: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4044: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3983:Olangchung Gola 3974: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3888: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3795:Rasuwa District 3787:Gyirong–Rasuwa 3772: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3725: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3659: 3649: 3644: 3630: 3621: 3615: 3505:(Mahendranagar) 3504: 3444:Lakhimpur Kheri 3262:Siddharthanagar 3231: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3175: 3173:Siddharthanagar 2937: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2849: 2835:Supaul District 2804: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2718: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2651: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2517: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2443:Pashupatinagar 2409: 2404: 2385: 2365:Total: 2,926 km 2360: 2343:Illegal logging 2297: 2248: 2241:210.2 km (2011) 2183: 2126: 2014: 1960:Second category 1930:Yarlung Tsangpo 1847:Tibetan Plateau 1729: 1723: 1698:Desertification 1634:Natural hazards 1631: 1625: 1533: 1487: 1267: 1254: 1191:char kose jhadi 1112: 1104:Main articles: 1102: 1081:double cropping 962: 855:Yarlung Tsangpo 846: 844:Trans-Himalayan 830:Myagdi District 821: 813:26,545 ft 806: 791:Manang District 787:Gorkha District 782: 774:26,759 ft 767: 752:Myagdi District 744:26,795 ft 737: 725: 714: 708:26,906 ft 701: 689: 678: 672:27,762 ft 665: 653: 639:27,940 ft 632: 620: 605: 599:28,169 ft 592: 580: 554: 448:Tibetan Plateau 437: 413:(including the 364: 276: 264: 252: 247: 245: 240: 238: 177: 175: 171: 168: 163: 160: 158: 156: 155: 153: 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 6556: 6546: 6545: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6514: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6427: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6169: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6153: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6130: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6107: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6063: 6061: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5723: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5660: 5658: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5423:Mysore Plateau 5420: 5418:Ladakh Plateau 5415: 5413:Deccan Plateau 5410: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5347:Cardamom Hills 5344: 5339: 5334: 5332:Himachal Range 5329: 5327:Shivalik Hills 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5302:Aravalli Range 5299: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5259: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5217: 5205: 5196:Atlas of Nepal 5193: 5165: 5139: 5138:External links 5136: 5133: 5132: 5102: 5066: 5037: 5011: 4984: 4949: 4910: 4877: 4841: 4832:|journal= 4793: 4784:|journal= 4739: 4708: 4668: 4637: 4602: 4561: 4530: 4499: 4462: 4427: 4396: 4375: 4353: 4298: 4287:on 7 June 2019 4272: 4261: 4235: 4209: 4183: 4166:"Accra, Ghana" 4157: 4131: 4099: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4033: 4001: 3998: 3996:Dinggyê County 3989: 3980: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3934: 3931: 3929:Dinggyê County 3922: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3905: 3873: 3870: 3861: 3852: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3809: 3806: 3804:Gyirong County 3797: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3748: 3745: 3743:Zhongba County 3740: 3731: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3682: 3679: 3670: 3668:Humla District 3661: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3560:(Pithoragarh) 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3408:Katerniyaghat 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3170: 3168: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3119:East Champaran 3116: 3111: 3109:Province No. 2 3106: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3068:Province No. 2 3065: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3031:Province No. 2 3028: 3023: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2995:Province No. 2 2992: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2958:Province No. 2 2955: 2950: 2945: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2892:Province No. 2 2889: 2884: 2879: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2825:Province No. 2 2822: 2817: 2812: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2758:Province No. 1 2755: 2750: 2748: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2694:Province No. 1 2691: 2686: 2681: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2627:Province No. 1 2624: 2622:Jhapa district 2619: 2614: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2562: 2560:Province No. 1 2557: 2552: 2547: 2515: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2489:Province No. 1 2486: 2481: 2479:Pashupatinagar 2476: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2366: 2359: 2356: 2346:picnic areas. 2305:primary forest 2296: 2293: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2230:Irrigated land 2227: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2189: 2187: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2168: 2165:jhapa district 2159:Lowest point: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2125: 2122: 2090:Andhra Pradesh 2030:urban flooding 2013: 2010: 1990:Third category 1871:Chitwan Valley 1861:ranges in the 1829:, Madi, Kali, 1802:Arniko Highway 1784:, Tama Koshi, 1741:Karnali/Goghra 1722: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1702:Law of the Sea 1694:Kyoto Protocol 1688: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1637: 1635: 1627:Main article: 1624: 1621: 1532: 1529: 1486: 1483: 1266: 1263: 1253: 1250: 1117:Gangetic Plain 1101: 1098: 1092:subalpine zone 1051:Koinch Sunuwar 961: 958: 845: 842: 839: 838: 826:Kaski District 819: 814: 811: 808: 800: 799: 780: 775: 772: 769: 761: 760: 748: 745: 742: 739: 731: 730: 727:Province No. 1 712: 709: 706: 703: 695: 694: 691:Province No. 1 676: 673: 670: 667: 659: 658: 655:Province No. 1 643: 642:Everest Group 640: 637: 634: 626: 625: 622:Province No. 1 603: 600: 597: 594: 586: 585: 582:Province No. 1 570: 562: 559: 556: 548: 547: 542: 537: 532: 436: 433: 423:Yarlung Zangbo 372:Gangetic Plain 363: 360: 299: 298: 293: 289: 288: 283: 279: 278: 271: 267: 266: 259: 255: 254: 232: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 216: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 178:28.000; 84.000 154:coordinates = 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6555: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6513: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6448:South Ossetia 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6420: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6151: 6146: 6144: 6139: 6137: 6132: 6131: 6128: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6106: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6041:South Ossetia 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5730: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5551:Coastal India 5549: 5548: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5525:Rann of Kutch 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5317:Satpura Range 5315: 5313: 5312:Vindhya Range 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5297:Eastern Ghats 5295: 5293: 5292:Western Ghats 5290: 5285: 5284:Mount Everest 5281: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5262:Geography of 5257: 5252: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5175: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5151: 5150:public domain 5142: 5141: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5087: 5083: 5076: 5070: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5042: 5025: 5021: 5015: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4969: 4962: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4917: 4915: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4845: 4837: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4789: 4776: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4712: 4693: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4673: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4641: 4622: 4615: 4614: 4606: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4484: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4447: 4440: 4439: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4400: 4382: 4378: 4376:87-7903-210-9 4372: 4365: 4364: 4357: 4349: 4337: 4318: 4311: 4310: 4302: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4265: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4103: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4034: 4030: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3868:Nyalam County 3865: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3677:Burang County 3674: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3631:(Other Name) 3629:Crossing Name 3628: 3627: 3620: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3489:Uttar Pradesh 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3449:Uttar Pradesh 3447: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3417:Uttar Pradesh 3415: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3382:Uttar Pradesh 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3341:Uttar Pradesh 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3304:Uttar Pradesh 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3273:Krishnanagar 3272: 3271: 3268: 3267:Uttar Pradesh 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3200:Uttar Pradesh 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176:(Bhairahawa) 3174: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3157:Uttar Pradesh 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2516: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2322:According to 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2173: 2172:Mount Everest 2169: 2166: 2162: 2161:Kechana Kawal 2158: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2106:glacial lakes 2104:formation of 2101: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2074:Uttar Pradesh 2071: 2070:food insecure 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2038:alluvial fans 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910:Mount Kailash 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839:Sapta Gandaki 1836: 1833:, Budhi, and 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1721:River systems 1713: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1682:Deforestation 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1644:thunderstorms 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1600: 1599:to the west. 1598: 1594: 1593:Gandaki River 1590: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1467:Bay of Bengal 1463: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1364: 1362: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1271: 1258: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:Uttar Pradesh 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1111: 1107: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1017:Tibeto-Burman 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 981: 979: 975: 966: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 911: 906: 905: 900: 896: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 856: 851: 837: 836: 831: 828:/ Annapurna, 827: 820: 818: 815: 812: 810:8,091 m 809: 805: 802: 801: 798: 797: 792: 788: 781: 779: 778:Mansiri Himal 776: 773: 771:8,163 m 770: 766: 763: 762: 759: 758: 753: 749: 746: 743: 741:8,167 m 740: 736: 733: 732: 728: 723: 719: 713: 710: 707: 705:8,201 m 704: 700: 697: 696: 692: 687: 683: 677: 674: 671: 669:8,462 m 668: 664: 661: 660: 656: 651: 647: 644: 641: 638: 636:8,516 m 635: 631: 628: 627: 623: 618: 614: 610: 604: 601: 598: 596:8,586 m 595: 591: 590:Kangchenjunga 588: 587: 583: 578: 574: 571: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 553: 552:Mount Everest 550: 549: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 531: 528: 527: 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 478: 474: 473:Mount Everest 470: 465: 461: 453: 449: 445: 441: 432: 430: 428: 424: 421:. The Ganges- 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 397: 393: 390:north of the 389: 385: 381: 380:Mount Everest 377: 373: 369: 359: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 325: 320: 316: 312: 307: 305: 297: 294: 290: 287: 284: 282:Longest river 280: 275: 272: 268: 263: 262:Mount Everest 260: 258:Highest point 256: 250: 243: 236: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 194: 191: 187: 182: 152: 151:Southern Asia 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 131: 126: 120: 112: 109: 101: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: – 58: 54: 53:Find sources: 47: 43: 37: 36: 31:This article 29: 25: 20: 19: 16: 6463:Dependencies 6393:Turkmenistan 6358:Saudi Arabia 6056:Dependencies 5986:Turkmenistan 5951:Saudi Arabia 5920: 5704:Southeastern 5699:Southwestern 5679:Northeastern 5669:Northwestern 5619: 5500:Ganges Delta 5495:Ganges Basin 5485:Indus Valley 5475:Punjab plain 5408:Chota Nagpur 5387:Lushai Hills 5179: 5155: 5123:. Retrieved 5114: 5105: 5093:. Retrieved 5081: 5069: 5057:. Retrieved 5028:. Retrieved 5024:the original 5014: 5002:. Retrieved 4987: 4975:. Retrieved 4959: 4952: 4927: 4923: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4823:cite journal 4811:. Retrieved 4796: 4775:cite journal 4763:. Retrieved 4756:the original 4742: 4730:. Retrieved 4721: 4711: 4699:. Retrieved 4687: 4659:. Retrieved 4650: 4640: 4628:. Retrieved 4612: 4605: 4583:. Retrieved 4574: 4564: 4552:. Retrieved 4543: 4533: 4521:. Retrieved 4519:(3): 124–132 4516: 4512: 4502: 4490:. Retrieved 4478: 4465: 4453:. Retrieved 4446:the original 4437: 4430: 4418:. Retrieved 4409: 4399: 4388:, retrieved 4381:the original 4362: 4356: 4326:22 September 4324:. Retrieved 4308: 4301: 4289:. Retrieved 4285:the original 4275: 4264: 4252:. Retrieved 4238: 4226:. Retrieved 4212: 4200:. Retrieved 4186: 4174:. Retrieved 4160: 4148:. Retrieved 4134: 4122:. Retrieved 4111: 4102: 4090:. Retrieved 4081: 4072: 3791:Rasuwa Gadhi 3500: 3499: 3460: 3459: 3348: 3347: 3279:Krishnanagar 3164: 3163: 3131: 3130: 3090: 3089: 2948:Thadi Jhijha 2567:(Panitanki) 2511: 2510: 2494:Sukhiapokhri 2428:Indian town 2393: 2392: 2386: 2348: 2341: 2329: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2286: 2274: 2270:forest cover 2257: 2118: 2102: 2094: 2063: 2048: 2041: 2034: 2015: 1998: 1989: 1988: 1978:that drains 1959: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1883: 1878: 1866: 1843:Kali Gandaki 1842: 1838: 1837:also called 1827:Seti Gandaki 1816: 1814: 1771: 1769: 1730: 1601: 1578: 1571: 1534: 1525: 1509: 1497: 1488: 1464: 1457: 1451: 1444: 1442: 1421: 1419: 1402: 1400: 1367: 1365: 1357: 1355:and citrus. 1353:stone fruits 1328:climate zone 1324: 1322: 1299:and well as 1285: 1283: 1276: 1243: 1227:Tharu people 1218: 1211: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1178: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1129: 1120: 1113: 1096: 1085: 1062: 1028: 982: 977: 971: 968:Middle Hills 931: 908: 902: 892: 853: 847: 833: 794: 785:Tsum Nubri, 755: 750:Dhaulagiri, 609:Phaktanglung 544: 539: 534: 529: 522: 516:Gurans Himal 514:and finally 484:Kanchenjunga 481: 477:Kanchenjunga 457: 431: 419:Ganges river 400: 383: 365: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 322: 308: 302: 292:Largest lake 270:Lowest point 119: 104: 95: 85: 78: 71: 64: 52: 40:Please help 35:verification 32: 15: 6522:Asia portal 6423:States with 6343:Philippines 6283:South Korea 6278:North Korea 6173:Afghanistan 6115:Asia portal 6016:States with 5936:Philippines 5876:South Korea 5871:North Korea 5766:Afghanistan 5645:Afghanistan 5589:Lakshadweep 5454:Thar Desert 5449:Thal Desert 5337:Khasi Hills 5095:15 February 5059:10 February 5004:11 December 4977:11 December 4813:11 December 4765:11 December 4732:11 December 4722:Hydro Nepal 4701:11 December 4661:11 December 4630:11 December 4585:10 December 4492:10 December 4410:Nature News 4390:22 November 4344:|work= 4291:13 December 4024: / 3957: / 3896: / 3832: / 3771: / 3734:Lo Manthang 3705: / 3605:Uttarakhand 3569:Uttarakhand 3564:Pithoragarh 3531:Uttarakhand 3479:Gauriphanta 3230: / 3195:Maharajganj 3152:Maharajganj 2936: / 2870: / 2803: / 2739: / 2672: / 2648:Biratnagar 2605: / 2576:West Bengal 2550:Kakarbhitta 2538: / 2504:West Bengal 2467: / 2414:Nepali town 2389:checkpoints 2068:in India's 2055:electricity 2018:August 2008 1934:Brahmaputra 1804:connecting 1798:Bhote Koshi 1773:Sapta Koshi 1749:tributaries 1650:are rare), 1640:Earthquakes 1576:ecoregion. 1545:subtropical 1531:Environment 1498:The summer 1479:rainshadows 1415:cauliflower 1326:subtropical 1219:Inner Terai 1214:dūn valleys 1206:Chure Hills 1160:Chure Hills 1154:languages. 1121:Outer Terai 1119:called the 1024:other towns 850:Brahmaputra 824:Annapurna, 789:/ Nashong, 747:Dhaulagiri 464:alpine zone 444:Perspective 427:Brahmaputra 319:West Bengal 242:China (PRC) 193:Ranked 93rd 176: / 6403:Uzbekistan 6378:Tajikistan 6293:Kyrgyzstan 6273:Kazakhstan 6193:Bangladesh 6183:Azerbaijan 5996:Uzbekistan 5971:Tajikistan 5886:Kyrgyzstan 5866:Kazakhstan 5786:Bangladesh 5776:Azerbaijan 5635:Bangladesh 5603:By country 5561:West Coast 5556:East Coast 5520:Sundarbans 5377:Naga Hills 5367:Hindu Kush 5322:Garo Hills 5264:South Asia 4554:9 December 4544:Standpoint 4523:9 December 4455:9 December 4064:References 4012:87°44′00″E 4009:27°49′00″N 3945:87°25′30″E 3942:27°51′30″N 3916:Kimathanka 3884:85°57′50″E 3881:27°58′24″N 3820:85°22′43″E 3817:28°16′45″N 3759:83°59′09″E 3756:29°19′24″N 3693:81°20′00″E 3690:30°09′12″N 3660:(Xieerwa) 3650:elevation 3511:Kanchanpur 3502:Bhim Datta 3247:Kapilvastu 3218:82°59′40″E 3215:27°27′30″N 3165:Bhairahawa 2979:Jaleshwar 2924:86°04′04″E 2921:26°39′29″N 2858:86°08′14″E 2855:26°36′22″N 2791:86°47′34″E 2788:26°27′00″N 2727:86°57′04″E 2724:26°31′07″N 2684:Biratnagar 2660:87°15′57″E 2657:26°24′09″N 2637:Kishanganj 2593:88°06′36″E 2590:26°32′50″N 2526:88°09′43″E 2523:26°38′41″N 2499:Darjeeling 2455:88°07′20″E 2452:26°56′54″N 2372:1,236 km, 2358:Boundaries 2246:Land cover 2097:Bangladesh 2084:in Bihar, 2059:tube wells 2051:reservoirs 1984:West Rapti 1914:South Asia 1902:Dhaulagiri 1855:Dhaulagiri 1786:Dudh Koshi 1757:candelabra 1725:See also: 1660:landslides 1654:and flash 1563:coniferous 1504:Inner Asia 1454:rainshadow 1392:amaranthus 1378:, potato, 1224:indigenous 1204:belt, the 1200:Above the 1090:zone into 1073:government 1035:Kham Magar 1013:indigenous 862:) and the 735:Dhaulagiri 613:Sirijangha 568:Mahalangur 504:Dhaulagiri 388:rainshadow 384:Sagarmatha 329:Bangladesh 321:'s narrow 68:newspapers 6489:Hong Kong 6443:Palestine 6368:Sri Lanka 6363:Singapore 6243:Indonesia 6082:Hong Kong 6036:Palestine 5961:Sri Lanka 5956:Singapore 5836:Indonesia 5630:Sri Lanka 5362:Karakoram 5278:Himalayas 5271:Mountains 5030:2 January 4930:: 82–90. 4858:: 82–90. 4346:ignored ( 4336:cite book 3645:Location 3595:Dharchula 3558:Jhulaghat 3537:Mahakali 3526:Champawat 3462:Dhangadhi 3372:Rupaidiha 3357:Nepalganj 3349:Nepalganj 3336:Balrampur 3310:Koilabas 3242:Taulihawa 3180:Rupandehi 3147:Thutibari 3139:Mahespur 3073:Bairgania 3021:Malangawa 3005:Sitamarhi 2990:Mahottari 2902:Madhubani 2897:Jayanagar 2779:Rajbiraj 2763:Bhimnagar 2617:Bhadrapur 2565:Naxalbari 2410:Location 2313:conserved 2309:protected 2174:) 8,848 m 2144:Coastline 2086:Jharkhand 2026:Gorakhpur 1928:—and the 1859:Annapurna 1831:Marsyandi 1806:Kathmandu 1782:Sun Koshi 1778:Indrawati 1648:tornadoes 1642:, severe 1559:broadleaf 1556:temperate 1548:broadleaf 1471:Annapurna 1404:Subalpine 1396:buckwheat 1313:jackfruit 1059:Marijuana 1001:Kathmandu 946:buckwheat 804:Annapurna 510:north of 508:Kanjiroba 496:Annapurna 469:snow line 460:subalpine 392:Himalayas 376:snow line 296:Rara Lake 223:Coastline 137:Continent 98:June 2021 6537:Category 6512:Category 6433:Abkhazia 6383:Thailand 6338:Pakistan 6318:Mongolia 6313:Maldives 6308:Malaysia 6208:Cambodia 6105:Category 6026:Abkhazia 5976:Thailand 5931:Pakistan 5911:Mongolia 5906:Maldives 5901:Malaysia 5801:Cambodia 5689:Southern 5684:Littoral 5674:Northern 5640:Maldives 5615:Pakistan 5463:Lowlands 5396:Plateaus 5307:Nilgiris 5223:Archived 5211:Archived 5199:Archived 5119:Archived 5086:Archived 5053:Archived 4998:Archived 4968:Archived 4944:25181944 4897:: 1–10. 4872:25181944 4807:Archived 4726:Archived 4692:Archived 4655:Archived 4621:Archived 4595:Archived 4579:Archived 4548:Archived 4483:Archived 4420:21 April 4414:Archived 4317:Archived 4248:Archived 4222:Archived 4196:Archived 4170:Archived 4144:Archived 4118:Archived 4086:Archived 4042:See also 4000:Planned 3977:Tipta La 3933:Planned 3925:Chentang 3855:Tatopani 3848:Zhangmu– 3747:Planned 3724:—Nechung 3643:Crossing 3585:Darchula 3580:Darchula 3543:Mahakali 3440:Tikonia 3388:Rajapur 3377:Bahraich 3316:Koilabas 3190:Nautanwa 3063:Rautahat 3036:Sonbarsa 2985:Jaleswar 2815:Rajbiraj 2715:Sunsari 2632:Galgalia 2432:District 2424:Province 2419:District 2408:Crossing 2403:Crossing 2376:1,690 km 2332:firewood 2212:Land use 2208:iron ore 2110:moraines 1954:Ghaghara 1942:Mahakali 1867:Narayani 1823:Daraundi 1788:, Liku, 1765:megafans 1745:Mahakali 1672:monsoons 1656:flooding 1652:flooding 1521:Dipawali 1492:Siwaliks 1361:Janajati 1287:tropical 1229:who had 1187:malarial 1148:Bhojpuri 1144:Maithali 1020:language 938:potatoes 852:(called 545:Location 530:Mountain 492:Langtang 415:Mahakali 6408:Vietnam 6323:Myanmar 6303:Lebanon 6233:Georgia 6188:Bahrain 6178:Armenia 6001:Vietnam 5916:Myanmar 5896:Lebanon 5826:Georgia 5781:Bahrain 5771:Armenia 5664:Central 5577:Islands 5442:Deserts 5125:28 June 4592:Alt URL 4124:12 July 3872:Active 3864:Zhangmu 3808:Active 3800:Gyirong 3728:Kora La 3681:Active 3655:Burang– 3640:Status 3548:Baitadi 3521:Banbasa 3431:Kailali 3399:Bardiya 3394:Rajapur 3099:Birganj 3091:Birganj 3026:Sarlahi 3000:Sursand 2963:Laukaha 2953:Dhanusa 2846:Siraha 2830:Kunauli 2820:Saptari 2753:Sunsari 2699:Jogbani 2394:italics 2295:Forests 2263:Landsat 2196:lignite 2072:states 2043:Mithila 1994:Siwalik 1976:Bagmati 1886:Karnali 1835:Trisuli 1753:monsoon 1664:drought 1613:eastern 1605:eastern 1539:, from 1513:Dashain 1500:monsoon 1485:Seasons 1411:cabbage 1309:litchee 1297:mangoes 1279:Florida 1252:Climate 1216:called 1175:Persian 1069:hashish 1011:are an 1005:Pokhara 985:Paharis 927:Thakali 915:Sherpas 904:Bhotiya 899:Tibetan 880:Mustang 765:Manaslu 699:Cho Oyu 540:Section 500:Manaslu 411:Karnali 286:Karnali 231:Borders 164:84°00′E 161:28°00′N 82:scholar 6453:Taiwan 6388:Turkey 6353:Russia 6288:Kuwait 6268:Jordan 6258:Israel 6218:Cyprus 6203:Brunei 6198:Bhutan 6046:Taiwan 5981:Turkey 5946:Russia 5881:Kuwait 5861:Jordan 5851:Israel 5811:Cyprus 5796:Brunei 5791:Bhutan 5694:Island 5656:region 5625:Bhutan 5568:Makran 5544:Coasts 5535:Makran 5515:Konkan 5189: 5152:. 4942: 4870: 4373: 4254:8 July 4228:8 July 4202:8 July 4176:8 July 4150:8 July 4092:20 May 3850:Kodari 3673:Burang 3648:Border 3294:Barhni 3257:Khunwa 3132:Parasi 3114:Raxaul 2887:Siraha 2882:Siraha 2768:Supaul 2704:Araria 2689:Morang 2324:ICIMOD 2259:ICIMOD 2204:cobalt 2200:copper 2192:Quartz 2114:floods 2049:Large 1972:Kamala 1968:Kankai 1950:Goghra 1940:. The 1922:Sutlej 1879:Gandak 1841:. The 1792:, and 1668:famine 1666:, and 1537:biomes 1423:Alpine 1384:walnut 1376:barley 1349:potato 1341:millet 1317:citrus 1305:banana 1301:papaya 1202:Bhabar 1193:(four 1170:Bhabar 1165:Churia 1140:Nepali 1064:Charas 1043:Tamang 1039:Gurung 1009:Newars 997:potato 950:millet 942:barley 925:where 910:Bhutia 888:Khumbu 884:Manang 864:Ganges 682:Makalu 663:Makalu 630:Lhotse 565:Khumbu 535:Height 333:Bhutan 210:92.94% 147:Region 84: 77: 70: 63: 55: 6494:Macau 6413:Yemen 6373:Syria 6348:Qatar 6328:Nepal 6263:Japan 6238:India 6228:Egypt 6213:China 6087:Macau 6006:Yemen 5966:Syria 5941:Qatar 5921:Nepal 5856:Japan 5831:India 5821:Egypt 5806:China 5620:Nepal 5610:India 5505:Terai 5428:Malwa 5176:from 5089:(PDF) 5078:(PDF) 4971:(PDF) 4964:(PDF) 4759:(PDF) 4752:(PDF) 4695:(PDF) 4684:(PDF) 4624:(PDF) 4617:(PDF) 4486:(PDF) 4475:(PDF) 4449:(PDF) 4442:(PDF) 4384:(PDF) 4367:(PDF) 4320:(PDF) 4313:(PDF) 4269:Dahal 3992:Ri'og 3664:Hilsa 3362:Banke 3331:Jarwa 3124:Bihar 3104:Parsa 3083:Bihar 3052:Gaur 3046:Bihar 3010:Bihar 2973:Bihar 2907:Bihar 2840:Bihar 2773:Bihar 2709:Bihar 2642:Bihar 2555:Jhapa 2512:Mechi 2437:State 2405:Name 2374:India 2370:China 2289:Nepal 2078:Bihar 2022:Bihar 1964:Mechi 1918:Indus 1898:Dolpo 1890:Bheri 1875:India 1810:Lhasa 1794:Tamor 1733:Koshi 1517:Tihar 1477:. 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Geography of Nepal

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