2535:
6865:
564:
1007:
1039:
4121:
5110:
790:
1059:
1297:
1042:
1041:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1047:
1236:('Irish') was gradually used more and more as an act of culturo-political disassociation, with an overt implication that the language was not really Scottish, and therefore foreign. This was something of a propaganda label, as Gaelic has been in Scotland for at least as long as English, if not longer.
1319:, Manx began to decline sharply in the 19th century. The last monolingual Manx speakers are believed to have died around the middle of the 19th century; in 1874 around 30% of the population were estimated to speak Manx, decreasing to 9.1% in 1901 and 1.1% in 1921. The last native speaker of Manx,
1302:
1301:
1298:
1044:
1303:
346:
are sometimes referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic (as they are
Goidelic or Gaelic languages), but the use of the word "Gaelic" is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when used to denote languages, always refer to those languages. This is in contrast to
984:. In the Republic of Ireland 1,774,437 (41.4% of the population aged three years and over) regard themselves as able to speak Irish to some degree. Of these, 77,185 (1.8%) speak Irish on a daily basis outside school. Irish is also undergoing a revival in
1300:
702:
texts. Middle Irish, the immediate predecessor of the modern
Goidelic languages, is the term for the language as recorded from the 10th to the 12th century; a great deal of literature survives in it, including the early Irish law texts.
1139:
has been extinct there for approximately three centuries. It is believed to have been home to dialects that were transitional between
Scottish Gaelic and the two other Goidelic languages. While Gaelic was spoken across the
1022:
of the 1840s. Disproportionately affecting the classes among whom Irish was the primary spoken language, famine and emigration precipitated a steep decline in native speakers, which only recently has begun to reverse.
1043:
1180:
was spoken. Scottish Gaelic was introduced across North
America with Gaelic settlers. Their numbers necessitated North American Gaelic publications and print media from Cape Breton Island to California.
1259:. By the 17th century Gaelic speakers were restricted largely to the Highlands and the Hebrides. Furthermore, the culturally repressive measures taken against the rebellious Highland communities by
1299:
742:
orthographies. Manx orthography, which was introduced in the 16th and 17th centuries, was based loosely on
English and Welsh orthography, and so never formed part of this literary standard.
894:. Historically the predominant language of the island, it is now mostly spoken in parts of the south, west, and northwest. The legally defined Irish-speaking areas are called the
6316:
2994:
621:
emerged in western
Scotland during the 6th century. The mainstream view is that Dál Riata was founded by Irish migrants, but this is not universally accepted. Archaeologist
5070:
3415:
3385:
3355:
3325:
3295:
3265:
3235:
625:
says there is no archaeological evidence for a migration or invasion, and suggests strong sea links helped maintain a pre-existing Gaelic culture on both sides of the
1018:(and the disappearance of much of the Gaelic nobility), Irish was spoken by the majority of the population until the later 18th century, with a huge impact from the
3199:
1152:
it does not seem to have been spoken by the majority and was likely the language of the ruling elite, land-owners and religious clerics. Some other parts of the
1338:). Both linguists and language enthusiasts searched out the last native speakers during the 20th century, recording their speech and learning from them. In the
754:
for all branches of
Goidelic. It is proposed as the predecessor of Goidelic, which then began to separate into different dialects before splitting during the
2932:
1112:
still speak
Scottish Gaelic, but the language has been in decline. There are now believed to be approximately 60,000 native speakers of Scottish Gaelic in
713:, covers the period from the 13th to the 18th century, during which time it was used as a literary standard in Ireland and Scotland. This is often called
727:" to this standardised written language. As long as this written language was the norm, Ireland was considered the Gaelic homeland to the Scottish
3101:.. The source of the late Latin word is obscure. There is no evidence that it represents the native name of any Gaelic-speaking people (the Irish
3517:
2518:
1342:, there were 1,823 Manx speakers on the island, representing 2.27% of the population of 80,398, and a steady increase in the number of speakers.
1386:
Comparison of
Goidelic numbers, including Old Irish. Welsh numbers have been included for a comparison between Goidelic and Brythonic branches.
3131:
2557:
1030:. Ireland's national language was the twenty-third to be given such recognition by the EU and previously had the status of a treaty language.
3067:
3109:, appears to be a learned word from Latin), nor does it exist in Welsh, though Welshmen in writing Latin have from the earliest times used
2612:
4157:
2970:
Green, Antony Dubach (12 April 1996). "Some effects of the Weight-to-Stress
Principle and grouping harmony in the Goidelic languages".
950:) have official names in this language, and some are only officially referred to by their Irish names even in English. At present, the
6801:
4768:
4739:
626:
3458:
3002:
6821:
6811:
854:
605:
Goidelic language and culture would eventually become dominant in the Pictish area and far northern parts of the Brittonic area.
6841:
6826:
6816:
3567:
826:
6831:
5215:
2915:
2863:
2838:
2813:
2666:
2641:
4071:
2995:"CDD31: Population Aged Three Years and Over and Percentage of Irish Speakers by Age Group, Sex, CensusYear and Statistic"
833:
6836:
807:
508:
The family tree of the Goidelic languages, within the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language family, is as follows
3210:
993:
675:
inscriptions from about the 4th century. The forms of this speech are very close, and often identical, to the forms of
698:—mainly religious and grammatical—from the 6th to the 10th century, as well as in archaic texts copied or recorded in
6299:
6112:
3183:
2788:
2746:
2721:
2713:
1278:
has afforded the language a secure statutory status and "equal respect" (but not full equality in legal status under
873:
575:
223:
17:
840:
4650:
4305:
1149:
5291:
4701:
3489:
3178:(Vol. II: Western and Eastern European Papers ed.). Bristol, England: Multilingual Matters. pp. 53–67.
996:
that 167,487 (10.4%) people "had some knowledge of Irish". Combined, this means that around one in three people (
632:
Dál Riata grew in size and influence, and Gaelic language and culture was eventually adopted by the neighbouring
338:, by itself, is sometimes used to refer to Scottish Gaelic, especially in Scotland, and therefore is ambiguous.
4150:
2440:
There are several languages that show Goidelic influence, although they are not Goidelic languages themselves:
1366:
1282:) with English, sparking hopes that Scottish Gaelic can be saved from extinction and perhaps even revitalised.
1260:
822:
811:
2009:
are normally used for counting but for comparative purposes, the historic forms are listed in the table above
6282:
3946:
3407:
3377:
3347:
3317:
3287:
3257:
3227:
2562:
6555:
4193:
3542:
1365:. Manx is taught as a second language at all of the island's primary and secondary schools and also at the
1127:
Its historical range was much larger. For example, it was the everyday language of most of the rest of the
1097:
may have survived in this zone; more realistically a mixture of Cumbric, Gaelic (west), and English (east).
2507:
spoken in West Wales may still retain some influences of its Goidelic speaking past – the same applies to
6886:
5755:
5015:
4502:
4328:
2534:
1267:
caused still further decline in the language's use – to a large extent by enforced emigration (e.g. the
6326:
6201:
5806:
5775:
5155:
3845:
3682:
3678:
1339:
4017:
6287:
6122:
5750:
4143:
3987:
6087:
2976:
6627:
6061:
6037:
5363:
4539:
4482:
4267:
4226:
3747:
2762:
261:
245:
99:
4052:
4012:
2500:
is a cant spoken by Scottish travelling folk, which is to a large extent based on Scottish Gaelic.
2471:
1345:
Today Manx is the sole medium for teaching at five of the island's pre-schools by a company named
6338:
5986:
5532:
5246:
5065:
4955:
3644:
3577:
3562:
1370:
1327:
800:
724:
483:
89:
847:
6806:
6725:
6688:
5760:
5045:
5040:
4655:
3968:
3840:
3674:
3587:
3527:
3206:
2971:
1019:
992:
but its official usage remains divisive to certain parts of the population. The 2001 census in
1014:
Despite the ascent in Ireland of the English and Anglicised ruling classes following the 1607
6572:
6387:
6132:
6032:
5403:
5241:
5220:
4632:
4181:
3997:
3717:
3655:
3171:
2567:
1224:) was used to refer only to Gaelic, and the speakers of this language who were identified as
989:
739:
4037:
3722:
3172:"Language conservancy or: Can the anciently established British minority languages survive?"
6715:
6587:
6321:
5971:
5368:
5286:
5095:
5020:
4233:
4101:
4022:
3833:
3828:
3582:
3557:
3522:
3042:
2487:
3152:
8:
6864:
6602:
6471:
6401:
6382:
6361:
6294:
6117:
5991:
5811:
5796:
5791:
5745:
5720:
5393:
5281:
5266:
5080:
4899:
4694:
4644:
4534:
4527:
4510:
4276:
4240:
3860:
3742:
3665:
3597:
3552:
3482:
3455:
1359:
1275:
1268:
1252:
1015:
887:
755:
641:
600:
265:
6001:
3712:
6768:
6392:
6356:
6277:
6232:
6127:
5953:
5844:
5801:
5730:
5537:
5312:
5075:
5060:
5055:
5050:
4960:
4817:
4773:
4597:
4433:
4096:
4007:
2952:
2585:
1128:
710:
688:
528:
359:. In English, it is common to have distinct pronunciations of the word, with Scottish
352:
3017:
175:
6632:
6607:
6597:
6333:
6306:
6187:
6042:
6027:
6022:
5981:
5976:
5881:
5770:
5725:
5715:
5707:
5378:
5332:
5322:
5163:
4990:
4970:
4929:
4249:
4217:
4203:
4067:
3707:
3670:
3179:
2956:
2911:
2859:
2834:
2809:
2784:
2742:
2717:
2662:
2637:
1153:
927:
272:
915:
6661:
6622:
6577:
6564:
6484:
6463:
6366:
6311:
5996:
5816:
5735:
5547:
5327:
5261:
5151:
5030:
5025:
4995:
4965:
4919:
4881:
4747:
4515:
4490:
4458:
4439:
4400:
4376:
4318:
4294:
4166:
4047:
3992:
3787:
3547:
2944:
2884:
2605:
2522:
2508:
2452:
1264:
1217:
1141:
1136:
1084:
985:
977:
891:
706:
676:
653:
637:
590:
399:
366:
191:
94:
4603:
3612:
2779:
Gillies, William (1993). "Scottish Gaelic". In Martin J. Ball; James Fife (eds.).
1026:
The Irish language has been recognised as an official and working language of the
30:"Gaelic language" redirects here. For the Gaelic language spoken in Scotland, see
6704:
6642:
6582:
6545:
6517:
6479:
6444:
6424:
6207:
6197:
6182:
6069:
5876:
5740:
5503:
5358:
5317:
5307:
5146:
5085:
5005:
5000:
4985:
4980:
4893:
4558:
4452:
4412:
4313:
4082:
4042:
3850:
3803:
3766:
3686:
3638:
3633:
3537:
3462:
2708:
McCone, Kim (1994). "An tSean-Ghaeilge agus a Réamhstair". In McCone, Kim (ed.).
2600:
2497:
2491:
2448:
2444:
1349:
1117:
1103:
1074:
767:
714:
668:
540:
513:
348:
300:
160:
123:
84:
31:
3913:
1355:("little people"), which also operates the sole Manx-medium primary school, the
6743:
6733:
6709:
6656:
6612:
6527:
6507:
6489:
6434:
6429:
6397:
6242:
6222:
6047:
5948:
5927:
5922:
5559:
5493:
5488:
5477:
5458:
5452:
5448:
5256:
5251:
5210:
5137:
5123:
5035:
5010:
4975:
4934:
4924:
4860:
4847:
4787:
4731:
4723:
4714:
4687:
4670:
4626:
4579:
4550:
4406:
4343:
4256:
4124:
4002:
3884:
3793:
3732:
3697:
3650:
3602:
3592:
3512:
3475:
3092:
2575:
2504:
2332:
2111:
1256:
1240:
1165:
1161:
1027:
961:
779:
759:
751:
533:
356:
339:
324:
288:
237:
150:
35:
3932:
3917:
1108:
Some people in the north and west of mainland Scotland and most people in the
495:
6880:
6540:
6512:
6419:
6411:
6153:
6105:
5891:
5839:
5568:
5508:
5498:
5398:
5373:
5159:
4609:
4447:
4106:
4086:
3963:
3872:
3798:
3660:
3043:"Official languages of the EU – Education and training – European Commission"
2580:
2483:
2479:
2463:
1291:
1177:
969:
763:
622:
567:
545:
343:
312:
253:
155:
3900:
1232:
was gradually associated with the land rather than the people, and the word
6858:
6651:
6439:
5963:
5917:
5856:
5765:
5542:
5520:
5513:
4950:
4875:
4865:
4797:
4426:
4356:
4090:
4032:
3780:
3727:
2590:
2539:
1320:
981:
973:
728:
699:
680:
563:
523:
133:
5142:
3940:
3909:
3876:
3532:
618:
6773:
6758:
6159:
6078:
5886:
5871:
5861:
5834:
5660:
5613:
5525:
5271:
4888:
4792:
4679:
3890:
3880:
3820:
3692:
2905:
1316:
1308:
1244:
1121:
1006:
965:
957:
735:
652:, the Irish spoken in northeast and eastern Ireland, and the now-extinct
645:
280:
74:
5428:
5194:
2538:
Water feature commemorating the first supply of water by gravitation to
660:(in southwest Scotland), with some influence from Old Norse through the
6696:
6684:
6137:
6101:
5901:
5866:
5826:
5418:
5180:
5171:
3572:
903:
814: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
719:
695:
2948:
2406:
6096:
5203:
4638:
4591:
4419:
4349:
4027:
3936:
3868:
3773:
3607:
3142:: The Material Evidence; page 71 (Universitätsdrucke Göttingen, 2015)
2889:
1279:
939:
897:
684:
518:
472:
463:
169:
128:
5408:
5109:
3702:
1271:). Even more decline followed in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
789:
6753:
6217:
5670:
5625:
5589:
5577:
5423:
5383:
5198:
5190:
5185:
5167:
5090:
4827:
4822:
4807:
4585:
4135:
3156:
3021:
1173:
1132:
1113:
1109:
1052:
657:
649:
614:
284:
69:
5438:
3894:
3737:
6763:
6738:
6617:
6592:
6227:
6192:
6165:
6092:
6074:
5665:
5601:
5225:
4855:
4832:
4522:
4495:
4337:
4210:
2511:
spoken in Western Cornwall and the English dialect of Merseyside
2447:
is sometimes thought to be a Goidelic language, but is in fact a
1248:
1157:
1145:
1094:
1010:
Regions where respondents stated they could speak Irish from 2011
902:; all government institutions of the Republic, in particular the
610:
571:
429:
276:
64:
1058:
6748:
6535:
6317:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
6237:
6212:
6176:
6170:
6083:
6006:
5932:
5851:
5353:
4837:
4782:
4563:
3923:
3905:
3174:. In D. Gorter; J. F. Hoekstra; L. G. Jansma; J. Ytsma (eds.).
2656:
2631:
2512:
2475:
2467:
2456:
2107:
1169:
1003:) on the island of Ireland can understand Irish at some level.
661:
327:
in the 20th century but has since been revived to some degree.
197:
5637:
5443:
5388:
5276:
4870:
4812:
4802:
4760:
4710:
4077:
3928:
3628:
3498:
2659:
The Syntax of the Celtic Languages: A Comparative Perspective
2634:
The Syntax of the Celtic Languages: A Comparative Perspective
2525:
have numerous words of both Scottish Gaelic and Irish origin.
1997:
are no longer used in counting. Instead the suppletive forms
1208:
in a cultural and social sense. (In early Old English texts,
988:
and has been accorded some legal status there under the 1998
692:
672:
633:
574:
in the first few centuries of the 1st millennium, before the
489:
1228:. As the ruling elite became Scots Inglis/English-speaking,
5896:
5433:
5413:
5348:
5176:
2336:
408:
206:
617:. Medieval Gaelic literature tells us that the kingdom of
3450:
3445:
3440:
2910:. European Language Resources association. pp. 1–8.
2455:, with a primarily Irish-based grammar and English-based
414:
405:
381:
375:
372:
351:, for which "Gaelic" distinguishes the language from the
212:
194:
27:
Celtic subfamily of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man
3467:
1947:
1907:
1867:
1827:
1787:
1747:
1707:
1667:
1627:
1587:
1547:
1507:
1466:
1425:
1184:
Scotland takes its name from the Latin word for 'Gael',
480:
meaning "pirate, raider". The medieval mythology of the
466:
2881:
The Prosodic Structure of Irish, Scots Gaelic, and Manx
1062:
Linguistic division in early twelfth century Scotland:
1212:
referred to Ireland.) Until late in the 15th century,
609:
During the historical era, Goidelic was restricted to
5629:
3176:
Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages
2685:, Celtic Studies Publications, 1997, p. xcvii, note 2
2543:
2413:
2385:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2305:
2279:
2253:
2227:
2201:
2175:
2166:
2116:
2100:
2091:
2041:
1961:
1921:
1881:
1841:
1801:
1761:
1721:
1681:
1641:
1601:
1561:
1521:
1480:
1439:
664:
invasions and from the previous British inhabitants.
457:
417:
384:
305:
224:
215:
6015:
2803:
2542:
in 1887. It carries an inscription in poor Gaelic, "
1330:
of Manx began, headed by the Manx Language Society (
411:
378:
209:
203:
2806:
The Spoken Word: Oral Culture in Britain, 1500–1850
1239:In the early 16th century the dialects of northern
402:
369:
200:
2552:would translate as "Water of the Well of Baptism")
488:places its origin in an eponymous ancestor of the
750:Proto-Goidelic, or proto-Gaelic, is the proposed
34:. For the Gaelic language spoken in Ireland, see
6878:
3068:"Irish becomes the 23rd official language of EU"
1135:was once also a Gaelic-speaking region, but the
1077:zone, characterized by the use of both languages
3518:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
2933:"Interarticulatory Timing and Celtic Mutations"
2435:
475:
2558:Comparison of Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic
648:, is closely akin to the Gaelic spoken in the
5593:
4695:
4506:? (possibly independent or pre-Indo-European)
4151:
3483:
2907:Neural Models for Predicting Celtic Mutations
558:
287:. There are three modern Goidelic languages:
5581:
2808:. Manchester University Press. p. 197.
2613:Literature in the other languages of Britain
5641:
5605:
3115:
2989:
2987:
2858:. Cambridge University Press. p. 289.
2755:
2404:
2378:
2324:
2298:
2272:
2246:
2220:
2194:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2034:
1975:
1954:
1935:
1914:
1895:
1874:
1855:
1834:
1815:
1794:
1775:
1754:
1735:
1714:
1695:
1674:
1655:
1634:
1615:
1594:
1575:
1554:
1535:
1514:
1495:
1473:
1454:
1432:
1251:and had come to be spoken elsewhere in the
1194:
1186:
951:
944:
932:
920:
908:
895:
679:recorded before and during the time of the
493:
481:
445:
439:
433:
293:
5617:
4709:
4702:
4688:
4158:
4144:
3490:
3476:
2657:Robert D. Borsley; Ian G. Roberts (1996).
2632:Robert D. Borsley; Ian G. Roberts (1996).
2420:
2392:
2366:
2312:
2286:
2260:
2234:
2208:
2182:
2123:
2048:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1968:
1928:
1888:
1848:
1808:
1768:
1728:
1688:
1648:
1608:
1568:
1528:
1488:
1447:
1357:
1347:
1332:
1315:Long the everyday language of most of the
451:
317:
2975:
2888:
2696:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
2661:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3.
2636:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2.
1255:, themselves later appropriated the name
874:Learn how and when to remove this message
271:Goidelic languages historically formed a
2984:
2903:
2853:
2833:. Oxford University Press. p. 255.
2831:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
2741:. Syracuse University Press. p. 1.
2533:
1295:
1057:
1037:
1005:
738:divergence has resulted in standardised
667:The oldest written Goidelic language is
636:(a group of peoples who may have spoken
562:
3456:Comparison of Irish and Scottish Gaelic
3169:
3015:
2783:. London: Routledge. pp. 145–227.
2778:
2736:
1051:A Scottish Gaelic speaker, recorded in
14:
6879:
5558:
3568:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
3136:in its Historical and Cultural Context
3134:Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum
3132:The Old English Translation of Bede's
2707:
2597:Specific dialects of Scottish Gaelic:
1131:until little more than a century ago.
6790:
6682:
6461:
6263:
5695:
5475:
5121:
4758:
4683:
4139:
3471:
2969:
2878:
2828:
890:'s two official languages along with
462:in Scottish Gaelic) are derived from
4165:
3819:
3121:(Gaels). . Retrieved 11 October 2010
3018:"Gaelic enjoys a revival in Ireland"
2930:
2879:Green, Antony Dubach (15 May 1997).
1116:, plus around 1,000 speakers of the
812:adding citations to reliable sources
783:
6683:
4588:(Chubut Province, Argentina; Welsh)
3859:
3153:"MSPs rule against Gaelic equality"
24:
3016:Coleman, Karen (10 January 2001).
2931:Eska, Joseph F. (1 January 2020).
2739:Sengoídelc Old Irish for Beginners
1033:
492:and the inventor of the language,
25:
6898:
6113:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
3434:
2999:Central Statistics Office Ireland
2012:
1326:At the end of the 19th century a
745:
613:and, possibly, the west coast of
503:
6863:
5476:
5108:
4651:Scottish Gaelic-medium education
4120:
4119:
3200:"Isle of Man Census Report 2011"
2470:is an English dialect spoken by
1307:A Manx speaker, recorded on the
1164:, the only exceptions being the
956:are primarily found in Counties
788:
576:founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
471:, which in turn is derived from
398:
365:
260:) form one of the two groups of
190:
3400:
3370:
3340:
3310:
3280:
3250:
3220:
3192:
3163:
3145:
3124:
3086:
3060:
3035:
3009:
2963:
2924:
2904:Scannell, Kevin (12 May 2020).
2897:
2872:
2847:
2822:
2804:Adam Fox; Daniel Woolf (2003).
799:needs additional citations for
758:into the separate languages of
330:
4600:(Nova Scotia; Scottish Gaelic)
2797:
2772:
2730:
2714:St Patrick's College, Maynooth
2701:
2688:
2675:
2650:
2625:
1367:University College Isle of Man
976:, and, to a lesser extent, in
13:
1:
6832:Celtic place names in Galicia
6462:
4671:extinct or ancestor languages
2937:Journal of Celtic Linguistics
2856:Language in the British Isles
2618:
2563:Goidelic substrate hypothesis
1376:
997:
6264:
4769:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
3209:. April 2012. Archived from
2572:Specific dialects of Irish:
2436:Influence on other languages
644:. Manx, the language of the
7:
5756:Welsh literature in English
5696:
5122:
4848:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
4759:
2959:– via IngentaConnect.
2529:
2083:Conas taoi?, Conas tánn tú?
583: Mainly Goidelic areas
392:compared to Irish and Manx
10:
6903:
5776:Scottish Gaelic literature
5156:Brigantia (ancient region)
1381:
1340:2011 United Kingdom census
1289:
1265:Jacobite Rebellion of 1746
1200:(of uncertain etymology).
1101:
777:
559:Origin, history, and range
29:
6854:
6797:
6791:
6786:
6724:
6695:
6678:
6641:
6563:
6554:
6526:
6498:
6470:
6457:
6410:
6375:
6349:
6270:
6259:
6146:
6123:Hebridean Celtic Festival
6060:
5962:
5941:
5910:
5825:
5784:
5751:Welsh-language literature
5706:
5702:
5691:
5653:
5567:
5484:
5471:
5341:
5300:
5234:
5130:
5117:
5106:
4943:
4912:
4846:
4767:
4754:
4721:
4664:
4619:
4572:
4549:
4486:? (possibly hypothetical)
4474:
4390:
4368:
4327:
4304:
4286:
4275:
4266:
4191:
4173:
4115:
4060:
3979:
3812:
3756:
3621:
3505:
3497:
3441:Scottish Gaelic Knowledge
3094:Oxford English Dictionary
1396:
1393:
1391:
1247:, which had developed in
494:
168:
144:
116:
85:Linguistic classification
83:
55:
50:
45:
6556:Ancient Celtic languages
3748:Gaelic Christian mission
3446:Irish language Knowledge
3074:. London. 3 January 2007
2854:Trudgill, Peter (1984).
2698:, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 739
2550:Uisge Tobar a' Bhaistidh
2140:Cad é an t-ainm atá ort?
773:
262:Insular Celtic languages
6827:Gaulish words in French
6812:Celtic words in English
5066:Scottish New Zealanders
4956:Anglo-Celtic Australian
4494:? (possibly related to
4018:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
3578:Jacobite rising of 1745
2829:Lynch, Michael (2001).
2737:Stifter, David (2006).
2683:The Gododdin of Aneirin
2545:Uisce Tobar Na Baistiad
2474:that was influenced by
2427:Health (used as a toast
2293:Good afternoon/evening
2168:Dè an t-ainm a tha ort?
1948:
1908:
1868:
1828:
1788:
1748:
1708:
1668:
1628:
1588:
1548:
1508:
1467:
1426:
1371:Centre for Manx Studies
1334:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
1285:
994:Northern Ireland showed
725:Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic
671:, which is attested in
640:) who lived throughout
476:
467:
5761:Early Irish literature
5642:
5630:
5618:
5606:
5594:
5582:
5046:Scotch-Irish Canadians
5041:Scotch-Irish Americans
4656:Welsh-medium education
4306:Southwestern Brittonic
3207:Isle of Man Government
3170:Gunther, Wilf (1990).
3116:
3047:Education and training
2553:
2544:
2421:
2414:
2405:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2325:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2124:
2117:
2101:
2092:
2082:
2074:Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?
2073:
2064:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1433:
1358:
1348:
1333:
1312:
1195:
1187:
1099:
1055:
1011:
952:
945:
933:
921:
909:
896:
691:(i.e. annotations) to
606:
482:
458:
452:
446:
440:
434:
323:). Manx died out as a
318:
306:
294:
264:, the other being the
257:
249:
241:
6388:Scottish independence
6133:Celtic Media Festival
6016:National music scenes
5242:Proto-Celtic religion
4944:Related ethnic groups
4633:Skol Veythrin Karenza
4573:Celtic-speaking areas
4498:or pre-Indo-European)
4053:An Coimisinéir Teanga
4013:An Comunn Gàidhealach
3718:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
3461:29 March 2016 at the
2763:Were the Scots Irish?
2568:Proto-Celtic language
2548:" (which, if it read
2537:
1306:
1263:following the second
1067: Gaelic speaking
1061:
1050:
1009:
990:Good Friday Agreement
709:, otherwise known as
566:
6712:(Medieval Welsh law)
6322:Scottish nationalism
5972:Ancient Celtic music
5287:Romano-Celtic temple
5096:Welsh New Zealanders
5021:Irish New Zealanders
4102:Kingdom of the Isles
4023:Seachtain na Gaeilge
3988:Údarás na Gaeltachta
3743:Insular Christianity
3558:Plantation of Ulster
3523:High King of Ireland
3408:"gun robh math agad"
3318:"c' ainm a tha ort?"
3113:as the rendering of
2781:The Celtic languages
2173:West coast mainland:
886:Irish is one of the
823:"Goidelic languages"
808:improve this article
638:a Brittonic language
6402:Irish republicanism
6383:Breton independence
6362:Scottish devolution
6295:Cornish nationalism
6118:Pan Celtic Festival
5992:Scottish folk music
5746:Scottish literature
5267:Celtic Christianity
5071:Scottish Travellers
5056:Scottish Argentines
4900:Scottish Travellers
4645:Bunscoill Ghaelgagh
4620:Immersive education
3598:Highland Clearances
3553:Flight of the Earls
3216:on 8 November 2012.
3105:, an Irishman, pl.
3005:on 4 November 2017.
2920:– via ACLWeb.
2451:based on Irish and
2326:Go raibh maith agat
2189:What is your name?
2149:Cén t-ainm atá ort?
1360:Bunscoill Ghaelgagh
1276:Scottish Parliament
1269:Highland Clearances
1253:Kingdom of Scotland
1016:Flight of the Earls
1001: 1.85 million
888:Republic of Ireland
756:Middle Irish period
266:Brittonic languages
258:çhengaghyn Gaelgagh
250:cànanan Goidhealach
6887:Goidelic languages
6393:Welsh independence
6357:Cornish devolution
6278:Breton nationalism
6128:Celtic Connections
5731:Cornish literature
5076:Ulster Protestants
5061:Scottish Canadians
5051:Scottish Americans
4961:Anglo-Irish people
4598:Cape Breton Island
4434:Early Modern Irish
4194:Continental Celtic
4097:Kingdom of Munster
4038:Comunn na Gàidhlig
4008:Conradh na Gaeilge
3645:Lebor Gabála Érenn
3418:and Will Robertson
3388:and Will Robertson
3358:and Will Robertson
3328:and Will Robertson
3298:and Will Robertson
3268:and Will Robertson
3238:and Will Robertson
3138:, Chapter II: The
2716:. pp. 63–65.
2586:Newfoundland Irish
2554:
2361:Gun robh math agad
2184:Cre'n ennym t'ort?
2177:C' ainm a tha ort?
1313:
1129:Scottish Highlands
1100:
1056:
1012:
711:Early Modern Irish
683:. The next stage,
607:
529:Early Modern Irish
484:Lebor Gabála Érenn
242:teangacha Gaelacha
6874:
6873:
6850:
6849:
6782:
6781:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6633:Cisalpine Gaulish
6453:
6452:
6339:national identity
6334:Welsh nationalism
6327:national identity
6307:Irish nationalism
6255:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6188:Cornish wrestling
6056:
6055:
5977:Breton Folk music
5942:Regional cultures
5785:National cultures
5771:Gaelic literature
5726:Breton literature
5687:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5467:
5466:
5379:Chief of the Name
5247:Celtic polytheism
5164:Sub-Roman Britain
5104:
5103:
4991:Irish Australians
4971:Cornish Americans
4930:Scottish diaspora
4677:
4676:
4470:
4469:
4386:
4385:
4329:Western Brittonic
4218:Cisalpine Gaulish
4133:
4132:
4068:Haplogroup R-M269
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3708:Gaelic folk music
3671:Gaelic literature
2949:10.16922/jcl.21.7
2917:979-10-95546-35-1
2865:978-0-521-28409-7
2840:978-0-19-211696-3
2815:978-0-7190-5747-2
2761:Campbell, Ewan. "
2694:Koch, John (ed).
2668:978-0-521-48160-1
2643:978-0-521-48160-1
2433:
2432:
2158:Cad is ainm duit?
2118:Dè mar a tha thu?
2102:Dè man a tha thu?
2093:Ciamar a tha thu?
2065:Goidé mar atá tú?
1983:
1982:
1304:
1206:Land of the Gaels
1204:originally meant
1154:Scottish Lowlands
1148:during the early
1137:Galwegian dialect
1048:
884:
883:
876:
858:
353:Germanic language
273:dialect continuum
182:
181:
18:Goidelic language
16:(Redirected from
6894:
6867:
6788:
6787:
6680:
6679:
6662:Galwegian Gaelic
6561:
6560:
6459:
6458:
6367:Welsh devolution
6261:
6260:
6013:
6012:
6002:Sean-nós singing
5997:Welsh folk music
5987:Irish folk music
5954:Highland culture
5736:Irish literature
5716:Arthurian Legend
5704:
5703:
5693:
5692:
5645:
5633:
5621:
5609:
5597:
5585:
5565:
5564:
5556:
5555:
5533:Neo-Christianity
5473:
5472:
5404:Gaelic astrology
5364:Celtic festivals
5262:Celtic mythology
5235:Ancient religion
5152:Iron Age Britain
5119:
5118:
5112:
5091:Welsh Argentines
5031:Irish Uruguayans
5026:Irish Travellers
4996:Irish Brazilians
4986:Irish Argentines
4966:Breton Americans
4920:Cornish diaspora
4882:Irish Travellers
4756:
4755:
4748:Celtic languages
4704:
4697:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4459:Galwegian Gaelic
4440:Classical Gaelic
4401:Classical Gaelic
4295:Common Brittonic
4284:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4167:Celtic languages
4160:
4153:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4123:
4122:
4061:Related subjects
4048:Clans of Ireland
3998:Bòrd na Gàidhlig
3993:Foras na Gaeilge
3857:
3856:
3841:Medical families
3817:
3816:
3788:Classical Gaelic
3713:Sean-nós singing
3656:Gaelic astrology
3639:Gaelic mythology
3548:Statutes of Iona
3492:
3485:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3204:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3159:. 21 April 2005.
3149:
3143:
3130:Lemke, Andreas:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3001:. Archived from
2991:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:10.7282/T38W3C3K
2876:
2870:
2869:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2776:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2710:Stair na Gaeilge
2705:
2699:
2692:
2686:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2629:
2606:Galwegian Gaelic
2547:
2523:Highland English
2424:
2417:
2410:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2370:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2328:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2186:
2179:
2170:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2127:
2120:
2104:
2095:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2023:Scottish Gaelic
2017:
2016:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1499:
1492:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1411:Scottish Gaelic
1389:
1388:
1363:
1353:
1336:
1323:, died in 1974.
1305:
1243:, also known as
1218:Scottish English
1198:
1190:
1150:High Middle Ages
1142:Scottish Borders
1092:
1082:
1072:
1066:
1049:
1002:
999:
986:Northern Ireland
955:
948:
936:
924:
912:
901:
879:
872:
868:
865:
859:
857:
816:
792:
784:
723:gives the name "
707:Classical Gaelic
654:Galwegian Gaelic
598:
588:
582:
499:
498:
487:
479:
470:
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
321:
309:
297:
275:stretching from
234:Gaelic languages
228:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
178:
43:
42:
21:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6891:
6877:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6846:
6793:
6778:
6720:
6716:Early Scots law
6705:Early Irish law
6691:
6666:
6643:Scottish Gaelic
6637:
6578:Proto-Brittonic
6550:
6546:Beurla Reagaird
6522:
6518:Scottish Gaelic
6494:
6466:
6449:
6445:Columba Project
6425:Celtic Congress
6406:
6371:
6345:
6266:
6247:
6208:Gaelic handball
6198:Gaelic football
6183:Cornish hurling
6142:
6052:
6011:
5958:
5937:
5923:Gaelic clothing
5906:
5821:
5780:
5741:Manx literature
5698:
5675:
5654:Other claimants
5649:
5554:
5504:Celtic Congress
5480:
5463:
5359:Celtic calendar
5337:
5296:
5230:
5126:
5113:
5100:
5086:Welsh Americans
5006:Irish Catholics
5001:Irish Canadians
4981:Irish Americans
4939:
4913:Celtic diaspora
4908:
4842:
4771:
4763:
4750:
4717:
4708:
4678:
4673:
4660:
4615:
4568:
4559:Beurla Reagaird
4545:
4483:Ancient Belgian
4466:
4453:Scottish Gaelic
4413:Primitive Irish
4382:
4364:
4323:
4300:
4279:
4262:
4187:
4169:
4164:
4134:
4129:
4111:
4056:
4043:Columba Project
3981:
3975:
3951:
3855:
3808:
3804:Scottish Gaelic
3767:Primitive Irish
3752:
3683:Scottish Gaelic
3617:
3543:Nine Years' War
3506:General history
3501:
3496:
3463:Wayback Machine
3437:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3412:Am Faclair Beag
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3382:Am Faclair Beag
3376:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3352:Am Faclair Beag
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3322:Am Faclair Beag
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3292:Am Faclair Beag
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3262:Am Faclair Beag
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3232:Am Faclair Beag
3226:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3168:
3164:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3129:
3125:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3072:The Independent
3066:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3014:
3010:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2977:10.1.1.387.8008
2968:
2964:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2902:
2898:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2777:
2773:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2706:
2702:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2601:Canadian Gaelic
2532:
2521:and especially
2498:Beurla Reagaird
2492:Scottish Gaelic
2445:Shelta language
2438:
2428:
2355:
2346:
2274:Tráthnóna maith
2171:
2152:
2143:
2105:
2096:
2077:
2068:
2015:
1384:
1379:
1350:Mooinjer veggey
1296:
1294:
1288:
1118:Canadian Gaelic
1106:
1104:Scottish Gaelic
1098:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1038:
1036:
1034:Scottish Gaelic
1000:
880:
869:
863:
860:
817:
815:
805:
793:
782:
776:
768:Scottish Gaelic
748:
740:pluricentristic
715:Classical Irish
669:Primitive Irish
604:
596:
594:
586:
584:
580:
561:
556:
541:Scottish Gaelic
514:Primitive Irish
506:
401:
397:
368:
364:
349:Scottish Gaelic
333:
301:Scottish Gaelic
246:Scottish Gaelic
226:
193:
189:
174:
161:Scottish Gaelic
140:
124:Primitive Irish
119:
79:
57:
39:
32:Scottish Gaelic
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6900:
6890:
6889:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6784:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6734:Gaelic warfare
6730:
6728:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6710:Cyfraith Hywel
6707:
6701:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6676:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6657:Deeside Gaelic
6654:
6648:
6646:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6628:Hispano-Celtic
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6583:Proto-Goidelic
6580:
6575:
6569:
6567:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6435:Celtic society
6432:
6430:Celtic Revival
6427:
6422:
6416:
6414:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6398:United Ireland
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6267:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6243:Welsh handball
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6223:Highland games
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6156:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6066:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6017:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5949:Gaelic culture
5945:
5943:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5928:Highland dress
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5892:Pictish stones
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5700:
5699:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5635:
5623:
5611:
5599:
5587:
5574:
5572:
5562:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5496:
5494:Celtic nations
5491:
5489:Celtic Revival
5485:
5482:
5481:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5257:Celtic Animism
5254:
5252:Celtic deities
5249:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5211:Cisalpine Gaul
5208:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5183:
5174:
5149:
5140:
5138:Gaelic Ireland
5134:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5115:
5114:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5036:Manx Americans
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5011:Irish Chileans
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4976:English people
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4935:Welsh diaspora
4932:
4927:
4925:Irish diaspora
4922:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4891:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4765:
4764:
4752:
4751:
4732:Celtic studies
4724:Celtic nations
4722:
4719:
4718:
4707:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4580:Lower Brittany
4576:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4540:Paleo-Hispanic
4531:
4519:
4507:
4499:
4487:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4404:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4353:
4341:
4333:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4290:
4288:
4281:
4270:
4268:Insular Celtic
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4237:
4227:Hispano-Celtic
4223:
4222:
4221:
4207:
4199:
4197:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4080:
4075:
4072:human genetics
4064:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Culture Vannin
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3926:
3921:
3903:
3898:
3888:
3865:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3829:Royal families
3825:
3823:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:Highland games
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3698:Insular script
3695:
3690:
3668:
3663:
3661:Gaelic kinship
3658:
3653:
3651:Gaelic warfare
3648:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3622:Gaelic culture
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3603:Gaelic Revival
3600:
3595:
3593:Irish diaspora
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:1641 Rebellion
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3528:Irish kingdoms
3525:
3520:
3515:
3513:Gaelic Ireland
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3451:Manx Knowledge
3448:
3443:
3436:
3435:External links
3433:
3430:
3429:
3399:
3369:
3339:
3309:
3279:
3249:
3219:
3191:
3184:
3162:
3144:
3123:
3085:
3059:
3034:
3008:
2983:
2962:
2943:(1): 235–255.
2923:
2916:
2896:
2883:(PhD thesis).
2871:
2864:
2846:
2839:
2821:
2814:
2796:
2789:
2771:
2754:
2747:
2729:
2722:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2667:
2649:
2642:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Connacht Irish
2570:
2565:
2560:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2505:Welsh language
2501:
2495:
2460:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2364:
2348:Over-regional:
2333:Outer Hebrides
2329:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2180:
2164:Over-regional:
2161:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2112:Outer Hebrides
2089:Over-regional:
2086:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2013:Common phrases
2011:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1869:dá dhéac/dhéuc
1865:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1290:Main article:
1287:
1284:
1241:Middle English
1166:Northern Isles
1102:Main article:
1089:
1087:-speaking zone
1079:
1069:
1063:
1035:
1032:
1028:European Union
940:prime minister
882:
881:
796:
794:
787:
780:Irish language
778:Main article:
775:
772:
752:proto-language
747:
746:Proto-Goidelic
744:
687:, is found in
595:
585:
579:
560:
557:
555:
554:
553:
552:
551:
550:
549:
548:
543:
538:
537:
536:
510:
505:
504:Classification
502:
332:
329:
325:first language
180:
179:
172:
166:
165:
164:
163:
158:
153:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
137:
136:
122:
120:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
100:Insular Celtic
87:
81:
80:
78:
77:
72:
67:
61:
59:
53:
52:
48:
47:
36:Irish language
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6899:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6866:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6843:
6842:– in Portugal
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6822:– in Galician
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6796:
6789:
6785:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6681:
6677:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6460:
6456:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6420:Celtic League
6418:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6412:Pan-Celticism
6409:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6288:reunification
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6258:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5903:
5902:Triple spiral
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5721:Bardic Poetry
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5694:
5690:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5644:
5639:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:Celtic League
5566:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5509:Celtic League
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5499:Pan-Celticism
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5399:Gaelicisation
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:Celticisation
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5177:Iron Age Gaul
5175:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5160:Roman Britain
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5111:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5016:Irish Mexican
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4740:Celtic tribes
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4693:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4610:Y Fro Gymraeg
4608:
4605:
4604:Gàidhealtachd
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:Reconstructed
4285:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:Reconstructed
4172:
4168:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4108:
4107:Gaelicisation
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3982:organisations
3978:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:Bardic poetry
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3613:Gàidhealtachd
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3417:
3416:Michael Bauer
3413:
3409:
3403:
3387:
3386:Michael Bauer
3383:
3379:
3378:"mòran taing"
3373:
3357:
3356:Michael Bauer
3353:
3349:
3348:"tapadh leat"
3343:
3327:
3326:Michael Bauer
3323:
3319:
3313:
3297:
3296:Michael Bauer
3293:
3289:
3283:
3267:
3266:Michael Bauer
3263:
3259:
3253:
3237:
3236:Michael Bauer
3233:
3229:
3223:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3187:
3185:1-85359-111-4
3181:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3127:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2978:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2900:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2790:0-415-01035-7
2786:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2750:
2748:0-8156-3072-7
2744:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2723:0-901519-90-1
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Munster Irish
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:Scots English
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:Bungi dialect
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2357:Southwestern:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:Oidhche mhath
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2267:Good morning
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:Madainn mhath
2252:
2249:
2248:Maidin mhaith
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:How are you?
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1387:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1293:
1292:Manx language
1283:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:, and others
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1060:
1054:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
949:
947:
941:
937:
935:
929:
925:
923:
917:
913:
911:
905:
900:
899:
893:
889:
878:
875:
867:
856:
853:
849:
846:
842:
839:
835:
832:
828:
825: –
824:
820:
819:Find sources:
813:
809:
803:
802:
797:This section
795:
791:
786:
785:
781:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
743:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
627:North Channel
624:
623:Ewan Campbell
620:
616:
612:
602:
599: Mainly
592:
589: Mainly
577:
573:
569:
565:
547:
544:
542:
539:
535:
532:
531:
530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
516:
515:
512:
511:
509:
501:
497:
491:
486:
485:
478:
474:
469:
465:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
431:
426:
422:
395:
389:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
341:
337:
328:
326:
322:
320:
314:
310:
308:
302:
298:
296:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:
220:
187:
177:
173:
171:
167:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
143:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
121:
115:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:Indo-European
88:
86:
82:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
60:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6859:Celts portal
6817:– in Spanish
6652:Arran Gaelic
6573:Proto-Celtic
6541:Bungi Creole
6499:
6440:Celtic unity
6376:Independence
6175:
6158:
5982:Gaelic music
5918:Celtic Dress
5867:High crosses
5857:Celtic cross
5835:Bell shrines
5766:Irish annals
5548:Neo-Druidism
5543:Celtic Wicca
5514:Celtic union
5478:Modern Celts
5369:Celtic women
5272:Celtic Rites
5221:Transylvania
5081:Ulster Scots
4951:Anglo-Celtic
4798:Celtiberians
4743:
4735:
4727:
4715:modern Celts
4666:
4538:? (possibly
4533:
4526:? (possibly
4521:
4514:? (possibly
4509:
4501:
4489:
4481:
4457:
4438:
4432:
4427:Middle Irish
4425:
4418:
4411:
4399:
4391:
4375:
4357:Middle Welsh
4355:
4348:
4336:
4293:
4255:
4248:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4192:
4182:Proto-Celtic
4180:
4091:Clan MacLeod
4033:ULTACH Trust
3914:Corcu Loígde
3786:
3781:Middle Irish
3779:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3728:Gaelic games
3679:Modern Irish
3643:
3588:Great Hunger
3420:. Retrieved
3411:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3381:
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3351:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3321:
3312:
3300:. Retrieved
3291:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3231:
3222:
3211:the original
3194:
3175:
3165:
3147:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3050:. Retrieved
3046:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3011:
3003:the original
2998:
2965:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2906:
2899:
2880:
2874:
2855:
2849:
2830:
2824:
2805:
2799:
2780:
2774:
2766:
2757:
2738:
2732:
2709:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2681:Koch, John.
2677:
2658:
2652:
2633:
2627:
2591:Ulster Irish
2549:
2540:Portmahomack
2439:
2387:Mar sin leat
2368:Gura mie ayd
2356:
2347:
2331:
2300:Oíche mhaith
2281:Feasgar math
2172:
2163:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2078:
2069:
2060:
1984:
1385:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1331:
1325:
1321:Ned Maddrell
1314:
1273:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:Scots Inglis
1221:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1162:Scots Inglis
1126:
1107:
1075:Norse-Gaelic
1025:
1020:Great Famine
1013:
943:
931:
919:
907:
885:
870:
864:January 2023
861:
851:
844:
837:
830:
818:
806:Please help
801:verification
798:
749:
736:orthographic
733:
718:
705:
700:Middle Irish
681:Roman Empire
666:
631:
608:
534:Modern Irish
524:Middle Irish
507:
456:in Manx and
427:
393:
360:
335:
334:
331:Nomenclature
316:
304:
292:
279:through the
270:
233:
185:
183:
145:Subdivisions
134:Middle Irish
104:
58:distribution
40:
6774:Trimarcisia
6759:Gallóglaigh
6588:Celtiberian
6312:Isle of Man
6271:Nationalism
6160:Bataireacht
6079:Calan Gaeaf
6038:Isle of Man
5882:Leaf-crowns
5872:Insular art
5845:Dragonesque
5807:Isle of Man
5661:Nova Scotia
5614:Isle of Man
5538:Neopaganism
5282:Monasticism
4793:Caledonians
4280:(Brythonic)
4234:Celtiberian
4083:Norse–Gaels
3933:Dál nAraidi
3918:Dál Fiatach
3891:Dalcassians
3881:Clan Donald
3693:Gaelic type
3675:Early Irish
3027:27 November
2769:#75 (2001).
2394:Slane lhiat
2352:Mòran taing
2343:Tapadh leat
2319:Good night
2262:Moghrey mie
1317:Isle of Man
1309:Isle of Man
1245:Early Scots
1122:Nova Scotia
1120:dialect in
953:Gaeltachtaí
938:), and the
928:lower house
916:upper house
696:manuscripts
646:Isle of Man
496:Goídel Glas
396:pronounced
363:pronounced
281:Isle of Man
118:Early forms
75:Isle of Man
6837:– in Italy
6739:Ceathairne
6603:Gallaecian
6233:Road bowls
6138:Eisteddfod
6106:Calan Awst
6102:Lughnasadh
5708:Literature
5571:definition
5394:Clan chief
5181:Roman Gaul
5172:Hen Ogledd
4898:including
4880:including
4606:(Scotland)
4582:(Brittany)
4535:Tartessian
4511:Lusitanian
4241:Gallaecian
3901:Eóganachta
3877:Clan Colla
3634:Brehon law
3583:Penal Laws
3573:Jacobitism
3422:15 January
3392:15 January
3362:15 January
3332:15 January
3302:15 January
3272:15 January
3242:15 January
2619:References
2373:Thank you
2288:Fastyr mie
2229:Latha math
2203:'S mise...
2196:Is mise...
1405:Old Irish
1397:Brythonic
1377:Comparison
910:Oireachtas
904:parliament
834:newspapers
720:Ethnologue
450:in Irish,
56:Geographic
6769:Redshanks
6744:Ceithearn
6472:Brittonic
6464:Languages
6097:Calan Mai
6088:Gŵyl Fair
6062:Festivals
5877:Interlace
5301:Mythology
5292:Practices
5204:Gallaecia
4818:Galatians
4669:indicate
4639:Gaelscoil
4635:(Cornish)
4594:(Ireland)
4592:Gaeltacht
4528:Tyrsenian
4420:Old Irish
4350:Old Welsh
4277:Brittonic
4028:Gael Linn
3941:Cíarraige
3937:Conmaicne
3910:Dál Riata
3885:Uí Mháine
3869:Connachta
3851:Genealogy
3774:Old Irish
3608:Gaeltacht
3533:Dál Riata
2972:CiteSeerX
2957:213769085
2767:Antiquity
2478:English,
2399:Good-bye
2380:Slán leat
2241:Good day
2145:Connacht:
2125:Kys t'ou?
2070:Connacht:
1850:nane-jeig
1394:Goidelic
1280:Scots law
1261:The Crown
1192:, plural
978:Waterford
946:Taoiseach
898:Gaeltacht
685:Old Irish
619:Dál Riata
601:Brittonic
519:Old Irish
473:Old Welsh
464:Old Irish
355:known as
170:Glottolog
129:Old Irish
6881:Category
6754:Gaesatae
6645:dialects
6608:Lepontic
6598:Galatian
6500:Goidelic
6350:Autonomy
6265:Politics
6218:Rounders
6070:Calendar
6043:Scotland
6028:Cornwall
6023:Brittany
5911:Clothing
5862:Knotwork
5840:Brooches
5812:Scotland
5797:Cornwall
5792:Brittany
5671:Y Wladfa
5626:Scotland
5590:Cornwall
5578:Brittany
5429:Seanchaí
5424:Tanistry
5384:Derbfine
5313:Scottish
5199:Brittany
5195:Domnonée
5191:Armorica
5186:Britonia
5168:Dumnonia
5143:Dálriata
4828:Lepontii
4823:Helvetii
4808:Gallaeci
4629:(Breton)
4586:Y Wladfa
4503:Ligurian
4392:Goidelic
4250:Lepontic
4204:Galatian
4125:Category
4087:Uí Ímair
3964:Scottish
3873:Uí Néill
3846:Nobility
3758:Language
3459:Archived
3288:"dè mar"
3258:"dè man"
3228:"ciamar"
3157:BBC News
3097:: Scot,
3078:11 March
3052:11 March
3022:BBC News
2530:See also
2222:Lá maith
2215:I am...
2154:Munster:
2079:Munster:
2055:Welcome
2029:English
1890:daa-yeig
1883:dà dheug
1876:dó dhéag
1857:unarddeg
1843:aon deug
1836:aon déag
1829:óen déac
1556:ceathair
1210:Scotland
1202:Scotland
1174:Shetland
1133:Galloway
1114:Scotland
1110:Hebrides
1053:Scotland
729:literati
717:, while
658:Galloway
650:Hebrides
642:Scotland
615:Scotland
459:Gàidhlig
447:Gaolainn
430:endonyms
307:Gàidhlig
285:Scotland
186:Goidelic
176:goid1240
105:Goidelic
70:Scotland
46:Goidelic
6807:Deities
6764:Hobelar
6726:Warfare
6689:Warfare
6623:Pictish
6618:Cumbric
6593:Gaulish
6565:Extinct
6485:Cornish
6283:history
6228:Hurling
6202:Ladies'
6193:Curling
6166:Camogie
6093:Beltane
6075:Samhain
6033:Ireland
5802:Ireland
5697:Culture
5666:England
5602:Ireland
5560:Nations
5459:Coinage
5449:Warfare
5342:Society
5333:Cornish
5323:British
5226:Galatia
5216:Balkans
5124:Studies
4861:Cornish
4856:Bretons
4833:Noricum
4788:Britons
4761:Peoples
4667:Italics
4641:(Irish)
4612:(Wales)
4523:Rhaetic
4496:Rhaetic
4491:Camunic
4475:Unknown
4377:Pictish
4369:Pictish
4338:Cumbric
4319:Cornish
4211:Gaulish
4085:(incl.
3980:Related
3931:(incl.
3908:(incl.
3893:(incl.
3871:(incl.
3117:Gwyddel
2519:English
2509:Cornish
2453:English
2415:Slàinte
2407:Sláinte
2314:Oie vie
2236:Laa mie
2210:Mish...
2136:Ulster:
2061:Ulster:
1923:fichead
1897:deuddeg
1690:shiaght
1563:ceithir
1549:cethair
1382:Numbers
1328:revival
1249:Lothian
1230:Scottis
1214:Scottis
1158:Cumbric
1146:Lothian
1095:Cumbric
1085:English
962:Donegal
914:), its
892:English
848:scholar
689:glosses
677:Gaulish
611:Ireland
591:Pictish
572:Ireland
568:Britain
477:Guoidel
468:Goídelc
435:Gaeilge
311:), and
295:Gaeilge
277:Ireland
65:Ireland
6802:Tribes
6749:Fianna
6536:Shelta
6480:Breton
6300:status
6238:Shinty
6213:Gouren
6177:Cnapan
6171:Cammag
6084:Imbolc
6007:Carnyx
5933:Tartan
5852:Carnyx
5619:Mannin
5595:Kernow
5583:Breizh
5453:Gaelic
5409:Fáinne
5354:Brehon
5328:Breton
5277:Druids
5131:Places
4838:Volcae
4783:Belgae
4744:·
4742:
4736:·
4734:
4728:·
4726:
4647:(Manx)
4564:Shelta
4516:Italic
4314:Breton
3947:Ulster
3939:, and
3924:Laigin
3920:, etc)
3906:Érainn
3887:, etc)
3723:Am Mòd
3703:Fáinne
3685:&
3182:
2974:
2955:
2914:
2862:
2837:
2812:
2787:
2745:
2720:
2665:
2640:
2513:Scouse
2490:, and
2488:Ojibwe
2476:Orkney
2468:Canada
2457:syntax
2422:Slaynt
2108:Argyll
2098:Lewis:
2043:Fàilte
2036:Fáilte
2020:Irish
1683:seachd
1676:seacht
1657:chwech
1577:pedwar
1417:Welsh
1408:Irish
1188:Scotus
1176:where
1170:Orkney
1156:spoke
1093:
1091:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1065:
970:Galway
926:) and
922:Seanad
850:
843:
836:
829:
821:
766:, and
734:Later
662:Viking
597:
587:
581:
441:Gaelic
394:Gaelic
361:Gaelic
336:Gaelic
95:Celtic
51:Gaelic
6792:Lists
6613:Noric
6528:Mixed
6508:Irish
6490:Welsh
6154:Bando
6147:Sport
6048:Wales
5964:Music
5897:Torcs
5887:Mazes
5817:Wales
5643:Cymru
5638:Wales
5521:Music
5444:Vates
5439:Túath
5389:Druid
5318:Welsh
5308:Irish
4894:Scots
4876:Irish
4871:Gaels
4866:Welsh
4813:Gauls
4803:Gaels
4774:Names
4746:
4738:
4730:
4711:Celts
4627:Diwan
4551:Mixed
4407:Irish
4344:Welsh
4257:Noric
4078:Celts
3929:Ulaid
3895:Déisi
3834:Kings
3821:Irish
3813:Clans
3794:Irish
3738:Túath
3629:Ogham
3499:Gaels
3214:(PDF)
3203:(PDF)
3111:Scoti
3107:Scuit
2953:S2CID
2765:" in
2472:Métis
2050:Failt
2026:Manx
1970:keead
1937:ugain
1916:fiche
1909:fichi
1803:deich
1796:deich
1789:deich
1730:hoght
1697:saith
1669:secht
1610:queig
1570:kiare
1414:Manx
1257:Scots
1226:Scots
1196:Scoti
1178:Norse
982:Meath
974:Kerry
855:JSTOR
841:books
774:Irish
760:Irish
693:Latin
673:Ogham
634:Picts
603:areas
593:areas
490:Gaels
453:Gaelg
357:Scots
340:Irish
319:Gaelg
289:Irish
238:Irish
232:) or
151:Irish
6687:and
6513:Manx
6400:and
5631:Alba
5607:Éire
5526:Rock
5434:Sept
5414:Fili
5349:Bard
5147:Alba
4889:Manx
4713:and
4448:Manx
4089:and
3969:List
3861:List
3799:Manx
3687:Manx
3538:Alba
3424:2019
3394:2019
3364:2019
3334:2019
3304:2019
3274:2019
3244:2019
3180:ISBN
3140:OEHE
3103:Scot
3080:2017
3054:2017
3029:2012
2912:ISBN
2860:ISBN
2835:ISBN
2810:ISBN
2785:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2663:ISBN
2638:ISBN
2503:The
2484:Cree
2462:The
2449:cant
2337:Skye
2335:and
2110:and
2006:jees
2003:and
2000:nane
1991:and
1977:cant
1963:ceud
1956:céad
1930:feed
1810:jeih
1763:naoi
1756:naoi
1737:wyth
1723:ochd
1716:ocht
1709:ocht
1650:shey
1617:pump
1603:còig
1596:cúig
1589:cóic
1530:tree
1369:and
1286:Manx
1274:The
1234:Erse
1220:(or
1172:and
1144:and
980:and
966:Mayo
958:Cork
934:Dáil
827:news
764:Manx
570:and
546:Manx
444:and
428:The
344:Manx
342:and
313:Manx
254:Manx
225:goy-
184:The
156:Manx
6697:Law
6685:Law
5827:Art
5419:Law
2945:doi
2885:doi
2466:in
1994:daa
1949:cét
1944:100
1817:deg
1777:naw
1770:nuy
1749:noí
1643:sia
1537:tri
1523:trì
1516:trí
1509:trí
1497:dau
1490:daa
1441:aon
1434:aon
1427:óen
1216:in
1168:of
810:by
656:of
299:),
283:to
229:-ik
227:DEL
6883::
5197:/
5193:/
5179:/
5170:/
5166:/
5162:/
5158:/
5154:/
5145:/
3935:,
3916:,
3912:,
3883:,
3879:,
3875:,
3681:,
3677:,
3414:.
3410:.
3384:.
3380:.
3354:.
3350:.
3324:.
3320:.
3294:.
3290:.
3264:.
3260:.
3234:.
3230:.
3205:.
3155:.
3070:.
3045:.
3020:.
2997:.
2986:^
2951:.
2941:21
2939:.
2935:.
2712:.
2486:,
2482:,
2429:)
1988:un
1985:*
1904:20
1864:12
1824:11
1784:10
1636:sé
1629:sé
1482:dà
1475:dó
1468:dá
1456:un
1449:un
1402:#
1373:.
1124:.
998:c.
972:,
968:,
964:,
960:,
770:.
762:,
731:.
629:.
578:.
500:.
438:,
425:.
409:eɪ
268:.
256::
252:;
248::
244:;
240::
198:ɔɪ
6204:)
6200:(
6104:/
6095:/
6086:/
6077:/
5646:)
5640:(
5634:)
5628:(
5622:)
5616:(
5610:)
5604:(
5598:)
5592:(
5586:)
5580:(
5455:)
5451:(
4776:)
4772:(
4703:e
4696:t
4689:v
4542:)
4530:)
4518:)
4437:/
4159:e
4152:t
4145:v
4093:)
4074:)
4070:(
3943:)
3897:)
3689:)
3673:(
3491:e
3484:t
3477:v
3426:.
3396:.
3366:.
3336:.
3306:.
3276:.
3246:.
3188:.
3099:n
3082:.
3056:.
3031:.
2980:.
2947::
2893:.
2887::
2868:.
2843:.
2818:.
2793:.
2751:.
2726:.
2671:.
2646:.
2515:.
2494:.
2459:.
2339::
2114::
1744:9
1704:8
1664:7
1624:6
1584:5
1544:4
1504:3
1487:*
1463:2
1446:*
1422:1
1311:.
942:(
930:(
918:(
906:(
877:)
871:(
866:)
862:(
852:·
845:·
838:·
831:·
804:.
432:(
421:/
418:k
415:ɪ
412:l
406:ɡ
403:ˈ
400:/
388:/
385:k
382:ɪ
379:l
376:æ
373:ɡ
370:ˈ
367:/
315:(
303:(
291:(
236:(
219:/
216:k
213:ɪ
210:l
207:ɛ
204:d
201:ˈ
195:ɡ
192:/
188:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.