998:
785:
419:, ruled in 1805, "There is no authority for thus changing the nature of the Charity, and filling a School intended for the purpose of teaching Greek and Latin with Scholars learning the German and French languages, mathematics, and anything except Greek and Latin." Although he offered a compromise by which some subjects might be added to a classical core, the ruling set a restrictive precedent for grammar schools across England; they seemed to be in terminal decline. However it should be borne in mind that the decline of the grammar schools in England and Wales was not uniform and that until the foundation of
1456:(all-boys). Within these schools there are academically top classes, the very competitive Scholars' class or "A" class. Graduates tend to become part of the upper class. These schools recruit pupils worldwide, particularly from large emerging Asian economies. Recruitment is carried out under the auspices of the Special Assistant Plan Scholars programme, the ASEAN Scholars programme, and the India and China Scholars programmes. Gifted pupils, such as winners of Mathematical Olympiads, international violin and piano competitions, Physics Olympiads and child inventors are particularly sought after.
312:
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40:
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1440:, the Singapore government established publicly funded bilingual schools based on the existing grammar school system. Since the 1960s their mission was to provide a high-quality elite education to the top 10% in national annual IQ tests, regardless of socio-economic background. These bilingual schools were influenced by the US educational system, and termed "high schools" rather than "grammar schools". Other, less elitist, state schools were called simply "secondary schools", similar to the UK equivalent of "comprehensive schools". High schools include
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174:
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436:
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873:. As a result, Northern Ireland still maintains the grammar school system, with many pupils being entered for academic selection exams similar to the 11-plus. Since the "open enrolment" reform of 1989, these schools (unlike those in England) have been required to accept pupils up to their capacity, which has also increased. By 2006, the 69 grammar schools took 42% of transferring children, and only 7 of them took all of their intake from the top 30% of the cohort.
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584:
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683:(1965), there were structural problems within the testing process that underpinned the eleven plus which meant it tended to result in secondary modern schools being overwhelmingly dominated by the children of poor and working-class parents, while grammar schools were dominated by the children of wealthier middle-class parents. The Tripartite System was largely abolished in England and Wales between 1965, with the issue of
518:, which created the Endowed Schools Commission with extensive powers over endowments of individual schools. It was said that the commission "could turn a boys' school in Northumberland into a girls' school in Cornwall". Across England and Wales schools endowed to offer free classical instruction to boys were remodelled as fee-paying schools (with a few competitive scholarships) teaching broad curricula to boys or girls.
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387:; However, by this time demand for these languages had fallen greatly. A new commercial class required modern languages and commercial subjects. Most grammar schools founded in the 18th century also taught arithmetic and English. In Scotland, the burgh councils updated the curricula of their schools so that Scotland no longer has grammar schools in any of the senses discussed here, though some, such as
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selected academic students from across New
Zealand. The schools mentioned below all share the school motto: "Per Angusta Ad Augusta" (Through difficulties to honours). They also share the same icon/logo, the "Auckland Grammar Lion". Today, all grammar schools in New Zealand are non-selective state schools, but they use school donations to supplement their government funding. Within the
1063:. The New South Wales public education system operates 19 selective public schools which resemble the English grammar-school system insofar as they engage in academic selection by way of centralised examination, they do not charge tuition fees and they are recipients of a greater degree of public funding per pupil than is afforded to non-selective government schools.
203:(627) The schools were attached to cathedrals and monasteries, teaching Latin – the language of the church – to future priests and monks. Other subjects required for religious work were occasionally added, including music and verse (for liturgy), astronomy and mathematics (for the church calendar) and law (for administration). With the foundation of the
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801:. The Act also defined a procedure by which local communities could petition for a ballot for an end to selection at schools. Petitions were launched in several areas, but only one received the signatures of 20% of eligible parents, the level needed to trigger a ballot. Thus the only ballot held to date was for
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business and community leaders. The
Ministry of Education published annual rankings, but discontinued them after criticism of excessive academic stress placed on schoolchildren, some of whom committed suicide in response to perceived failure. After the 1990s all schools were integrated into a unified
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By the end of the 1980s, all of the grammar schools in Wales and most of those in
England had closed or converted to comprehensive schools. Selection also disappeared from state-funded schools in Scotland in the same period. Although almost all former grammar schools ceased to be selective, there are
345:, founded by John Gamlyn and John Blanche in 1588. Many of these are still commemorated in annual "Founder's Day" services and ceremonies at surviving schools. The usual pattern was to create an endowment to pay the wages of a master to instruct local boys in Latin and sometimes Greek without charge.
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attempted to reform the schools in the 1850s and the 1860s by moving control of the schools from counties (the former districts) to city authorities, securing their funding and introducing inspectors. However, his efforts to convert the schools into classical schools for only boys were unsuccessful.
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Commission was appointed to examine the remaining 782 endowed grammar schools. The commission reported that the distribution of schools did not match the current population, and that provision varied greatly in quality, with provision for girls being particularly limited. The commission proposed the
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councils, and the burghs also founded new schools. With the increased emphasis on studying the scriptures after the
Reformation, many schools added Greek and, in a few cases, Hebrew. The teaching of these languages was hampered by a shortage of non-Latin type and of teachers fluent in the languages.
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colonies. These schools initially taught young men the classical languages as a preparation for university, but by the mid-18th century many had broadened their curricula to include practical subjects. Nevertheless, they declined in popularity owing to competition from the more practical academies.
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The CHIJMES building has commemorative plaques for these abandoned babies. The children were termed "children of God" and raised as
Catholics. When laws banning polygamy became strictly enforced in Singapore after 1965, these schools extended their English-speaking classes to girls from families of
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which select a cohort of pupils based on academic ability. The tripartite system (reduced to grammar and secondary modern schools) does survive in certain areas, such as Kent, where the eleven-plus examination which divides pupils into placement in grammar or secondary modern school is known as the
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funded entirely by fees. Of the direct grant schools remaining at that time, 51 became comprehensive, 119 opted for independence, and five were "not accepted for the maintained system and expected to become independent schools or to close". Some of these schools retained the name "grammar" in their
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The 11-plus has long been controversial, and
Northern Ireland's political parties have taken opposing positions. Unionists tend to lean towards preserving the grammar schools as they are, with academic selection at the age of 11, whereas nationalist politicians lean towards scrapping the 11-plus,
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In other areas, grammar schools survive mainly as very highly selective schools in an otherwise comprehensive county, for example in several of the outer boroughs of London. These schools are often heavily oversubscribed, and award places in rank order of performance in their entry tests. In some
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Singapore was established as a Crown Colony, and the term "grammar school" was used since 1819 among the
English community. The English, and later, the Scottish, set up cathedrals, churches, and elite grammar schools for the upper class. Initially, this was a racially segregated colonial system.
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Further radical change was opposed by both
Conservative and Labour governments until September 2016. Although many on the left argue that the existence of selective schools undermines the comprehensive structure, Labour governments have delegated decisions on grammar schools to local processes,
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is used solely to identify a subset of children (around 25%) considered suitable for grammar education. When a grammar school has too many qualified applicants, other criteria are used to allocate places, such as siblings, distance or faith. Such systems still exist in
Buckinghamshire, Rugby and
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and Latin words in the first year, learned to construct Latin sentences in the second year, and began translating
English–Latin and Latin–English passages in the third year. By the end of their studies at age 14, they would be quite familiar with the great Latin authors, and with Latin drama and
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has not been able to agree on a replacement system for secondary transfer. The grammar schools have organised groupings to run their own tests, the Post-Primary Transfer Consortium (mostly Catholic schools) and the Association for Quality Education. The Northern Ireland Commission for Catholic
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and originally came under the authority of the Auckland Grammar Schools' Board. Auckland's grammar schools share a common line of descent from the British grammar school system, with a strong focus on academics and traditional British sports. Originally, the schools used entry assessments and
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The French Roman Catholic Orders later opened up their ministries and boarding schools to children of mixed marriages, and racial segregation was also relaxed to some extent in the English schools. The French Catholic missions and schools, but not the English schools, also accepted orphans,
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The British then opened up their schools to children from English mixed marriages, or to those with English descent. During the late colonial period, these schools expanded and also schooled descendants of the very few mixed English and Straits-Chinese families, and descendants of some rich
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England has a long history of grammar schools. Curricula differ from school to school but generally includes English language, English literature, mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, art and design, music, drama, design and technology, history, philosophy,
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In England, urban middle-class pressure for a commercial curriculum was often supported by the school's trustees (who would charge the new students fees), but resisted by the schoolmaster, supported by the terms of the original endowment. Very few schools were able to obtain special acts of
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State-maintained grammar schools, which reached a peak in 1964 with 1,298 in England and Wales. Though some were quite old, most were either newly created or built since the Victorian period, seeking to replicate the studious, aspirational atmosphere found in the older grammar
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status are thus independent of the local education authority (LEA). Some LEAs retain forms of the Tripartite System and a few grammar schools survive in otherwise comprehensive areas. Some of the remaining grammar schools can trace their histories to before the 15th century.
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all grant-aided secondary schools were required to provide at least 25 percent of their places as free scholarships for students from public elementary schools. Grammar schools thus emerged as one part of the highly varied education system of England and Wales before 1944.
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New Zealand did not establish a state education system until 1877. The absence of a national education system meant that the first sizable secondary-education providers were grammar schools and other private institutions. The first grammar school in New Zealand,
427:, in 1828, specialist grammar schools in the north-west of England and South Wales were in effect providing tertiary education to men in their late teens and early twenties, which enabled them to be ordained as Anglican clergymen without going to university.
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was called the grammar school, which sought to spread the academic ethos of the existing grammar schools. Grammar schools were intended to teach an academic curriculum to the most intellectually able 25 percent of the school population as selected by the
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made it lawful to apply the income of grammar schools to purposes other than the teaching of classical languages, but change still required the consent of the schoolmaster. At the same time, many schools were reorganising themselves along the lines of
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comprehensive schools that chose to maintain the descriptor "grammar" in their nomenclature. Most of these schools do however operate some form of selection in their admission process, due to oversubscription. There is also a small group of formally
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as a superior grammar school. Legislation in 1839 allowed for more than one grammar school in a district, triggering a rapid but unstructured growth in numbers over the following two decades to 86 in 1861. The schools became more independent of the
545:, copying their curriculum, ethos and ambitions, and some took or maintained the title "grammar school" for historical reasons. A girls' grammar school established in a town with an older boys' grammar school would often be named a "high school".
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in 1871. Some schools remain, as private schools catering largely for Protestant students. These are often fee-paying and accommodate boarders, given the scattered nature of the Protestant population in much of Ireland. Such schools include
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policy against expansion of grammar schools (except to cope with population expansion in wholly selective areas). The government opened a consultation on proposals to allow existing grammar schools to expand and new ones to be set up. The
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of which there were 179. They took between one quarter and one-half of their pupils from the state system, and the rest from fee-paying parents. They also exercised far greater freedom from local authorities, and some were members of the
1413:, officially founded in 1879. After independence it became the Raffles Girls' School (Primary School), distinct from the branch school established by the local government after independence, the Raffles Girls' School (Secondary School).
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has a number of grammar schools, a majority of which were established when the country was under British rule. They are generally not known as "grammar schools" but are similarly selective in their intake. Among the best known being the
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in 1795. After several abortive attempts to raise funding, the District Schools Act of 1807 provided support for one grammar school teacher in each district, of which there were then eight, but they were then left to their own devices.
1095:, advocated grammar schools for the colony to save the wealthy from sending their sons to the United States to be educated, but he was unable to convince his superiors in London. He, however, made a grant enabling John Stuart to set up
823:, as many as 10–15% of 11-year-olds may attend grammar schools (for example in Gloucestershire), but in other LEAs it is as low as 2%. These very highly selective schools also tend to dominate the top positions in performance tables.
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Grammar school areas and groups as identified by the Education (Grammar School Ballots) Regulations 1998. LEAs considered grammar areas are shown filled, while circles indicate isolated grammar schools or clusters of neighbouring
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missionaries. Before the 1970s when Malay was made the medium of instruction, many such selective schools became known for providing excellent English-medium education and have produced many notable alumni, including former
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In the mid-19th century, independent schools were established in the Australian colonies to spare the wealthy classes from sending their sons to schools in Britain. These schools took their inspiration from English
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There remain 163 grammar schools in England (out of some 3,000 state secondaries in total). Only a few areas have kept a formal grammar school system along the lines of the Tripartite System. In these areas, the
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Morris, Paul (1991). "Preparing pupils as citizens of the special administrative region of Hong Kong: an analysis of curriculum change and control during the transition period". In Postiglione, Gerard A. (ed.).
288:. In theory these schools were open to all and offered free tuition to those who could not pay fees; however, few poor children attended school, because their labour was economically valuable to their families.
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to form a new comprehensive school). In both cases, some of these schools kept "grammar school" in their names. More recently, a number of state grammar schools, still retaining their selective intake, gained
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in 2000, when parents rejected change by a ratio of 2 to 1. These arrangements were condemned in 2004 by the Select Committee for Education and Skills as being ineffective and a waste of time and resources.
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Straits-born Chinese merchant class families, who were educated in Oxbridge or had London trade ties. Initially these schools were run exactly like their counterparts in England, and taught by the English.
215:. Pupils were usually educated in grammar schools up to the age of 14, after which they would look to universities and the church for further study. Of the three first schools independent of the church –
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and grammar schools effectively monopolised access to universities. These schools were also the only ones that offered an extra term of school to prepare pupils for the competitive entrance exams for
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to educate sons born and living in the Crown Colony, often to fathers in Crown colonial service. Single-sex classes were set up for daughters of the British ruling class in 1844, and later became
1056:, and the trend has continued to the present day. Today, the term is defined only in Queensland legislation. Throughout the country, "grammar schools" are generally high-cost private schools.
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created the first nationwide system of state-funded secondary education in England and Wales, echoed by the Education (Northern Ireland) Act 1947. One of the three types of school forming the
1281:(Taiping). Mission schools set up by various Christian denominations paralleled the selective state school albeit not with the same degree of selectivity. Notable mission schools include the
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Stratford districts of Warwickshire, the Salisbury district of Wiltshire and most of Lincolnshire, Kent, Reading and Medway. Of metropolitan areas, Trafford and most of Wirral are selective.
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The Direct Grant Grammar Schools (Cessation of Grant) Regulations 1975 required direct grant schools to decide whether to convert into comprehensives under local authority control or become
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Education did accept continued selection at Catholic grammar schools as a temporary measure, anticipating them to end the practice by 2012. As of September 2019, the practice continues.
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and similar initiatives proposed as ways of raising standards. Many grammar schools have featured in these programmes, and a lower level of selection is permitted at specialist schools.
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1337:, a small number of schools are named "grammar schools" and follow the academic and cultural traditions established in the United Kingdom. Grammar schools were established only in
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by the Act to Improve the Common and Grammar Schools of the Province of Ontario of 1871. Schools that offered classical studies were given additional funding and operated as
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The school day typically ran from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m., with a two-hour break for lunch; in winter, school started at 7 a.m. and ended at 4 p.m. Most of the day was spent in the
125:; Scotland had developed a different system. Grammar schools of these types were also established in British territories overseas, where they have evolved in different ways.
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which have not yet resulted in any changes. Moreover, government education policy appears to accept the existence of some kind of hierarchy in secondary education, with
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study has shown that UK grammar school pupils gain no significant social or emotional advantages by the age of 14 over similarly gifted pupils in non-selective schools.
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any socio-economic background. The British grammar schools in Singapore imitated much of this education system, with Catholicism replaced by Anglicanism. Later the
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title but are no longer free of charge for all but a few pupils. These schools normally select their pupils by an entrance examination and sometimes by interview.
454:. Grammar schools were reinvented as academically oriented secondary schools following literary or scientific curricula, while often retaining classical subjects.
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of Singapore was set up. Australian Methodist missionaries started UK-style grammar schools with American and British Methodist church funds. They founded the
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of state-funded secondary education operating in England and Wales from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s, and continue as such in Northern Ireland. After most
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This article is about a type of school in the United Kingdom and in former British territories. For the first stage of schooling in the United States, see
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777:/citizenship, classical education, religious education, physical education, and several other foreign languages. Most English grammar schools follow the
610:. These schools included some very old schools encouraged to participate in the Tripartite System. The most famous example of a direct-grant grammar was
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Ashton School, as a comprehensive school, was founded in September 1972 when Rochelle School and Cork Grammar School merged on the Grammar School site.
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for children from 10 to 14 years of age, following a primary stage from 5 to 9 years of age. These types were gradually combined around 1900 to form
1354:, was established in 1850 and formally recognised as an educational establishment in 1868 by the Auckland Grammar School Appropriation Act. In 1888,
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Grammar schools were established in various British territories, and have developed in different ways since those territories became independent.
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creation of a national system of secondary education by restructuring the endowments of these schools for modern purposes. The result was the
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During the 16th and 17th centuries the establishment of grammar schools became a common act of charity by nobles, wealthy merchants and
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Attempts to move to a comprehensive system (as in the rest of the United Kingdom) have been delayed by shifts in the administration of
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of Latin. To encourage fluency, some schoolmasters recommended punishing any pupil who spoke in English. The younger boys learned the
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695:. In England, implementation was less even, with some counties and individual schools successfully resisting conversion or closure.
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rhetoric. Other skills, such as arithmetic and handwriting, were taught in odd moments or by travelling specialist teachers such as
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Grammar school pupils were given the best opportunities of any schoolchildren in the state system. Initially, they studied for the
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An example of an early grammar school, founded by an early modern borough corporation unconnected with church, or university, is
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national school system, but the elite schools distinguished themselves by descriptions such as "independent" or "autonomous".
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1526:, a state-funded secondary institution that may select students from a given school district according to academic criteria.
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and began to admit girls However, the schools were unsupervised, often underfunded and of varying standards. Some, like
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despite vehement protestations from the majority of Catholic Grammar Schools, most notably by the board of governors at
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Discussion Papers in Economics 2000/52, Centre for Performance Evaluation and Resource Management, University of York
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a few direct-grant schools have acquired a special reputation. The most famous of them is Manchester Grammar School
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Robert Anderson (2003). "The History of Scottish Education, pre-1980". In T. G. K. Bryce; Walter M. Humes (eds.).
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was not widely used until the 14th century, the earliest such schools appeared from the sixth century, e.g. the
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traces its history back to the school of Reading Abbey (1125), making it one of the oldest schools in England.
227:(1440) – Winchester and Eton were feeder schools to Oxford and Cambridge universities respectively. They were
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The school is one of a small number of schools in the Republic of Ireland under Church of Ireland management
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was established in 1927 and was the first co-educational grammar school to be established in New Zealand.
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was established as part of Auckland Grammar School. Both schools have since become separate institutions.
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691:, though a few were closed. This process proceeded quickly in Wales, with the closure of such schools as
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foundlings, and illegitimate children abandoned by mothers ostracized for breaching racial purity laws.
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in the 16th century, most cathedral schools were closed and replaced by new foundations funded from the
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and charged fees, while most others were abolished or became comprehensive (or sometimes merged with a
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claims to have secured the abolition of the 11-plus and a veto over any system which might follow it.
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made an important contribution to grammar schools, founding a series of schools during his reign (see
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claimed to have ensured the continuation of the grammar school system in the province as part of the
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280:). A few grammar schools were also established in the name of Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth I. King
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470:, and the spread of the railways led to new boarding schools teaching a broader curriculum, such as
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2815:"Professor Tony Gallagher, head of the School of Education at Queen's, answers readers' queries..."
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1140:. The secondary–school collegiate–institute system was also emulated in several other provinces in
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Geoffrey Walford (1993). "Girls' Private Schooling: Past and Present". In Geoffrey Walford (ed.).
1738:"Chapter XV. English and Scottish Education. Universities and Public Schools to the Time of Colet"
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provided for the state-assisted foundation of non-denominational grammar schools. Beginning with
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lines. Grammar schools along the lines of those in Great Britain were set up for members of the
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In the 1920s grammar schools of other denominations were established, including members of the
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reflect the post-war British grammar system, focusing on a traditional curriculum rather than
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grammar schools, all the grammar schools established in the 19th century were attached to the
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founded since the introduction of universal secondary education in the Republic by minister
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in Finaghy, (a South Belfast suburb) and Lumen Christi (although co-educational) in Derry.
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The Social Production of Merit: Education, Psychology, and Politics in Australia, 1900–1950
2715:(Press release). Department of Education, Northern Ireland. 4 December 2007. Archived from
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Finding the grammar schools unsuitable as preparation for university, Lieutenant-Governor
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took public examinations until the introduction of the less academic and less prestigious
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Inventing secondary education: the rise of the high school in nineteenth-century Ontario
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Secondary education with special reference to grammar schools and technical high schools
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2472:"The Comparative Evaluation of GCSE Value-Added Performance by Type of School and LEA"
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2638:"Educational Effects of Widening Access to the Academic Track: A Natural Experiment"
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In recognition of the broad curricula offered, grammar schools were redesignated as
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1863:. The Cambridge Social History of Britain 1750–1950. Vol. 3. pp. 119–169.
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1060:
931:
876:
870:
811:
729:
655:
538:
324:
173:
145:
94:
67:
1322:
4090:
3972:
3928:
3918:
3752:
3631:
2561:
2342:
2104:
2012:
1382:
1298:
1286:
1128:
674:
416:
353:
269:
228:
220:
2400:
2137:"Comprehensive versus Selective Schooling in England in Wales: What Do We Know?"
1487:
Grammar schools on the English and later British models were founded during the
910:
The last government-run 11-plus exam was held in 2008 (for 2009 entry), but the
450:
The 19th century saw a series of reforms to grammar schools, culminating in the
4208:
4127:
3997:
3813:
3705:
3687:
3664:
3559:
3458:
3379:
2577:
2302:
2287:
2272:
2242:
1824:
1459:
In addition to religious missions and the new high schools, the less selective
1437:
1141:
765:
684:
651:
483:
376:
332:
59:
58:
is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the
3065:
2322:
1762:
J. F. A. Mason, The Borough of Bridgnorth 1157–1957 (Bridgnorth, 1957), 12, 36
4243:
4158:
3987:
3913:
3825:
3626:
3474:
3403:
3374:
3362:
2654:
1802:
1523:
1359:
1231:
1121:
534:
526:
521:
502:
463:
400:
349:
338:
114:
86:
1071:
994:(1863), ten schools were founded, of which the following eight still exist:
4153:
3845:
3830:
3770:
3636:
3484:
3453:
3357:
3339:
3265:
3196:
2873:
Knowing Women: Origins of Women's Education in Nineteenth-century Australia
2257:
1624:
1512:
1088:
498:
467:
439:
224:
208:
168:
117:
grammar schools were reorganised to provide secondary education throughout
63:
2984:"Public School Boards: Reorganization, Division, Consolidation and Growth"
904:
3757:
3443:
2231:
1974:. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes.
1801:. The Guild School Association, Stratford-upon-Avon. 2003. Archived from
1504:
1334:
964:
839:
98:
2254:
Grammar school pupils 'gain no social or emotional advantages' by age 14
1744:. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes
1174:
947:, and often called themselves "grammar schools". Early examples include
739:
campaigns in favour of such schools, while Comprehensive Future and the
207:
from the late 12th century, grammar schools became the entry point to a
3977:
3584:
1704:
1522:
An analogous concept to the contemporary English grammar school is the
1163:
975:
82:
3021:
Education and society in Hong Kong: toward one country and two systems
1476:
583:
474:(1843). The first girls' schools targeted at university entrance were
3700:
3329:
2681:"Education Minister's Statement for the Stormont Education Committee"
1464:
1290:
1159:
713:
358:
106:
3236:
1059:
The nearest equivalents of contemporary English grammar schools are
435:
4183:
3933:
3579:
3094:
2149:
2136:
2097:
1338:
1253:
1017:(1875), the first of several grammar schools for girls in Australia
618:, was one of the most outspoken advocates of the Tripartite System.
74:
2319:"A guide to petitions and ballots about grammar school admissions"
2098:
The story of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)
1898:
3948:
3943:
3539:
3534:
2306:
The Education (Grammar School Designation) (Amendment) Order 1999
2206:
1084:
781:
and follow the same broad national exams as other state schools.
577:
497:
which restructured the trusts of nine leading schools (including
364:
118:
102:
385:
a school in which the learned languages are grammatically taught
3448:
3302:
3271:
3044:
2905:
Gidney, Robert Douglas; Millar, Winnifred Phoebe Joyce (1990).
2797:"The Minister is losing control of the schools transfer system"
1967:
1737:
774:
541:, and many schools established at that time emulated the great
335:
2617:
Roberts, Nerys; Long, Robert; Foster, David (3 October 2018).
2498:
797:, grammar schools were for the first time to be designated by
284:
founded a series of "Royal Schools" in Ulster, beginning with
3175:
Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society
320:
304:
122:
78:
27:
Type of school in the United Kingdom and some other countries
2321:. Department for Education and Schools. 2000. Archived from
2166:
The impact of the structure of secondary education in Slough
650:(known as the CSE) in 1965. Until the implementation of the
403:
Act 1788. Such a dispute between the trustees and master of
315:
Old Grammar School, Market Harborough, Leicestershire (1614)
231:, so they could educate pupils from anywhere in the nation.
2854:
2852:
2597:
1799:"Educating Shakespeare: School Life in Elizabethan England"
1495:, founded as the Latin Grammar School in 1635. In 1647 the
2220:
140:
in the 1960s and 1970s, some grammar schools became fully
2635:
1346:, they are regarded as any other secondary institutions.
735:
in England and the 69 remaining in Northern Ireland. The
110:
2849:
2619:"Recent policy developments: Grammar schools in England"
2388:"Select Committee on Education and Skills Fourth Report"
2163:
1679:
371:
List of English and Welsh endowed schools (19th century)
2276:
The Education (Grammar School Ballots) Regulations 1998
2210:. House of Commons. 22 March 1978. col. 582W–586W.
594:
Two types of grammar schools existed under the system:
442:, a pioneer of women's education and founding head of
3208:
2418:. Kent County Council. 2009. p. 4. Archived from
395:
Parliament to change their statutes; examples are the
2291:
The Education (Grammar School Designation) Order 1998
1901:"A Short Account of the Free Grammar School at Leeds"
1735:
327:, Gloucester, founded by John and Joan Cook in 1539,
249:, founded in 1503 by Bridgnorth Borough Corporation.
128:
Grammar schools became one of the three tiers of the
3211:
Excellence in Education: The Making of Great Schools
2870:
1922:. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer. pp. 129–169.
642:(Advanced level). In contrast, very few students at
260:. For example, the oldest extant schools in Wales –
241:
Neo-Latin § Latin in school education 1500–1700
211:
education, with Latin seen as the foundation of the
2221:
Welcome to the National Grammar Schools Association
2135:Pischke, Jörn-Steffen; Manning, Alan (April 2006).
1358:was established. In 1917 Auckland Grammar School's
62:and other English-speaking countries, originally a
2598:Heather Stewart; Peter Walker (9 September 2016).
2593:
2591:
2499:Ian Schagen and Sandie Schagen (19 October 2001).
1854:
728:commonly refers to one of the 163 remaining fully
719:
2616:
1965:
268:(1557) – were established on the sites of former
4241:
1878:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 219–228.
1785:The Private Schooling of Girls: Past and Present
1782:
1673:
1083:Grammar schools provided secondary education in
918:
537:there was a great emphasis on the importance of
430:
2774:"Parents put their faith in new entrance tests"
2678:
2600:"Theresa May to end ban on new grammar schools"
2588:
2268:
2266:
2011:
1920:The Education of the Anglican Clergy, 1780–1839
1873:
234:
2937:. University of Toronto/Université Laval. 2000
2875:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–97.
2830:
2554:
2531:
2501:"The impact of selection on pupil performance"
2134:
1905:The Register of Leeds Grammar School 1820–1896
1823:
1742:Volume II: English. The End of the Middle Ages
1713:. London: HM Stationery Office. Archived from
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1657:. London: HM Stationery Office. Archived from
1519:, which were also known as "grammar schools".
550:Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1907
365:Grammar schools in the 18th and 19th centuries
3287:
2413:"Admissions to secondary school 2009 booklet"
1984:
1899:J.H.D. Matthews; Vincent Thompson Jr (1897).
1087:until 1871. The first lieutenant-governor of
970:With the exception of the non-denominational
66:, but more recently an academically oriented
3168:
2904:
2575:
2512:National Foundation for Educational Research
2469:
2263:
2173:National Foundation for Educational Research
2164:Ian Schagen; Sandy Schagen (November 2001).
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
2713:"Minister Ruane outlines education reforms"
2636:Eric Maurin; Sandra McNally (August 2007).
2401:BBC: Family and education: 8 September 2016
2335:
2005:
1855:Gillian Sutherland (1990). "Education". In
1688:
1580:Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn
1436:When Singapore became independent from the
1234:, a co-educational comprehensive, in 1972.
865:List of grammar schools in Northern Ireland
186:
162:
3294:
3280:
2534:"Grammars show they can compete with best"
1978:
1787:. London: The Woburn Press. pp. 9–32.
1703:
1647:
2649:. Centre for the Economics of Education,
2557:"Anger over Labour's grammar school deal"
2148:
2125:London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1965, p.195
1837:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1511:The name "grammar school" was adopted by
855:parties remain opposed to any expansion.
301:Grammar School of the Church of Edinburgh
2909:. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 80–81.
2584:. Second Caroline Benn Memorial Lecture.
2578:"The Right to a Comprehensive Education"
2077:
1892:
1475:
1381:
1321:
1241:
1173:
1070:
996:
930:
875:
783:
760:
582:
520:
434:
310:
172:
38:
3237:A general timeline of English education
3164:
3162:
2935:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
2752:
2338:"Campaign against 11-plus is faltering"
2110:Qualifications and Curriculum Authority
2080:"The golden age of the grammar schools"
2048:House of Commons Library Briefing Paper
2038:
1972:Volume XIV. The Victorian Age, Part Two
1907:. Leeds: Laycock and Sons. p. xvi.
795:School Standards and Framework Act 1998
14:
4242:
3242:The situation of grammar schools today
3017:
2794:
2771:
2732:"'Test' schools accept D grade pupils"
2447:. Medway Council. 2010. Archived from
1970:. In A. W. Ward; A. R. Waller (eds.).
1765:
1740:. In A. W. Ward; A. R. Waller (eds.).
1054:Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria
590:, a former direct-grant grammar school
3275:
3177:. New York: Macmillan Reference Books
2986:. Archives of Ontario. Archived from
2729:
2653:, Discussion Paper 85. Archived from
2308:(Coming into force 1 September 1999).
2078:Hitchens, Peter (21 September 2021).
1917:
303:(1128) passed from church control to
4224:
4074:Ancient higher-learning institutions
3159:
2278:(Coming into force 3 December 1998).
1830:A Dictionary of the English Language
1630:National Grammar Schools Association
1575:Prince Henry's Grammar School, Otley
1305:) and all five of his predecessors.
1226:in September 1967. Examples include
1189:has traditionally been organised on
737:National Grammar Schools Association
556:
77:grammar schools was the teaching of
4255:State schools in the United Kingdom
2755:"Schools guard against test cheats"
2679:Caitríona Ruane (31 January 2008).
2532:Sian Griffiths (18 November 2007).
1942:
1876:Scottish Education: Post-Devolution
1680:Peter Gordon; Denis Lawton (2003).
858:
46:is a grammar school for girls with
24:
2772:Torney, Kathryn (22 August 2009).
2555:Richard Garner (1 December 2001).
2303:Statutory Instrument 1999 No. 2456
2293:(Coming into force 1 October 1998)
2288:Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 2219
2273:Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 2876
1318:Secondary education in New Zealand
1127:Chief Superintendent of Education
838:In September 2016, Prime Minister
757:List of grammar schools in England
648:Certificate of Secondary Education
25:
4276:
3230:
3209:Cyril Taylor; Conor Ryan (2013).
3023:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 117–145.
2835:. Routledge. pp. 41–42, 46.
2753:Taggart, Maggie (28 April 2009).
2576:Clyde Chitty (16 November 2002).
2039:Danechi, Shadi (3 January 2020).
1031:Rockhampton Girls' Grammar School
1002:Rockhampton Girls' Grammar School
297:Choir School of Glasgow Cathedral
32:Elementary school (United States)
4223:
4214:
4213:
4202:
3301:
2795:Torney, Kathryn (3 March 2009).
2730:Smith, Lisa (17 December 2007).
1985:Shadi Danechi (3 January 2020),
1861:Social Agencies and Institutions
1596:Watford Grammar School for Girls
1471:
1075:Galt Grammar School (1852) (now
881:Coleraine Academical Institution
632:General Certificate of Education
407:led to a celebrated case in the
113:and other subjects. In the late
85:was broadened, first to include
4250:Education in the United Kingdom
3202:
3189:
3146:Britannica Online Encyclopaedia
3134:
3112:
3083:
3058:
3037:
3011:
3008:Gidney and Millar, pp. 196–198.
3002:
2976:
2973:Gidney and Millar, pp. 150–174.
2967:
2958:
2949:
2923:
2898:
2889:
2864:
2824:
2807:
2788:
2765:
2746:
2723:
2705:
2672:
2629:
2610:
2569:
2548:
2525:
2492:
2463:
2437:
2405:
2394:
2380:
2354:
2329:
2311:
2296:
2281:
2247:
2236:
2225:
2214:
2207:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2194:
2157:
2128:
2115:
2090:
2071:
2062:
2032:
1959:
1936:
1911:
1867:
1682:Dictionary of British Education
1654:The Education of the Adolescent
1620:History of education in England
1592:Watford Grammar School for Boys
1536:
1461:Singapore Chinese Girls' School
720:Current British grammar schools
2964:Gidney and Millar, pp. 86–114.
2390:. UK Parliament. 14 July 2004.
1817:
1791:
1756:
1736:Rev. T.A. Walker (1907–1921).
1729:
1641:
1600:William Hulme's Grammar School
1356:Auckland Girls' Grammar School
1311:
1015:Brisbane Girls' Grammar School
903:in October 2006. By contrast,
793:Under the Labour government's
476:North London Collegiate School
444:North London Collegiate School
258:dissolution of the monasteries
89:, and later English and other
13:
1:
3197:definitions of grammar school
2955:Gidney and Millar, pp. 82–84.
2871:Marjorie R. Theobald (1996).
2336:Judith Judd (28 March 2000).
1635:
1567:Kirkby Stephen Grammar School
1271:English College (Johor Bahru)
1021:Ipswich Girls' Grammar School
919:In other countries or regions
431:Victorian-era grammar schools
3480:University technical college
2364:. teachernet. Archived from
2243:Campaign for State Education
2141:NBER Working Paper No. 12176
1377:
1283:La Sallian family of schools
1147:
984:Anglican Church of Australia
926:
741:Campaign for State Education
603:Direct-grant grammar schools
383:defined a grammar school as
235:Early modern grammar schools
7:
2041:"Grammar School Statistics"
1608:
1368:Mount Albert Grammar School
1364:Epsom Girls' Grammar School
1267:Malay College Kuala Kangsar
1237:
709:partially selective schools
425:St David's College Lampeter
397:Macclesfield Grammar School
134:local education authorities
10:
4281:
3409:College-preparatory school
3213:. Routledge. p. 229.
3199:in most U.S. dictionaries.
3173:. In Paula S. Fass (ed.).
2651:London School of Economics
2646:London School of Economics
2508:Council of Members Meeting
2018:The New Anatomy of Britain
1994:, House of Commons Library
1966:J.W. Adamson (1907–1921).
1945:"Grammar Schools Act 1840"
1446:Nanyang Girls' High School
1315:
1296:Prime Minister of Malaysia
1169:
1151:
1037:Rockhampton Grammar School
862:
754:
750:
560:
480:Cheltenham Ladies' College
368:
329:Sir Roger Manwood's School
238:
166:
157:
68:selective secondary school
29:
4197:
4176:
4146:
4109:
4069:
4062:
4006:
3965:
3909:
3900:
3863:
3854:
3794:
3787:
3649:
3614:
3525:
3502:
3493:
3419:Comprehensive high school
3389:
3348:
3320:
3310:
3252:Q and A: Advanced schools
2123:Anatomy of Britain Today,
2103:11 September 2009 at the
1988:Grammar school statistics
1405:, was founded in 1823 by
1077:Galt Collegiate Institute
1066:
1047:Townsville Grammar School
949:Launceston Grammar School
912:Northern Ireland Assembly
897:Democratic Unionist Party
745:University College London
743:campaign against them. A
628:Higher School Certificate
612:Manchester Grammar School
482:(from the appointment of
247:Bridgnorth Grammar School
193:King's School, Canterbury
179:King's School, Canterbury
3776:State-integrated school
3650:By funding / eligibility
3429:Continuation high school
3091:"Ashton School: history"
2861:, Queensland Government.
2859:Grammar Schools Act 2016
2623:House of Commons Library
2540:. London. Archived from
2362:"Grammar school ballots"
1968:"Chapter XIV. Education"
1949:www.educationengland.org
1588:Tadcaster Grammar School
1571:Penistone Grammar School
1529:
1497:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1450:Maris Stella High School
1285:and those set up by the
1247:St. George's Institution
1042:Toowoomba Grammar School
988:Grammar Schools Act 1860
961:Melbourne Grammar School
693:Cowbridge Grammar School
654:in the 1960's expanding
644:secondary modern schools
516:Endowed Schools Act 1869
459:Grammar Schools Act 1840
452:Endowed Schools Act 1869
421:St Bees Clerical College
286:The Royal School, Armagh
197:King's School, Rochester
163:Medieval grammar schools
73:The original purpose of
44:Henrietta Barnett School
4189:Educational institution
3809:Anarchistic free school
3555:Institute of technology
3045:"Bandon Grammar School"
2895:McCallum (1990), p. 45.
2831:David McCallum (1990).
2068:Sampson (1971), p. 143.
1684:. London: Woburn Press.
1584:Steyning Grammar School
1551:Beverley Grammar School
1431:Methodist Girls' School
1372:Takapuna Grammar School
1352:Auckland Grammar School
1327:Auckland Grammar School
1279:St George's Institution
1208:Drogheda Grammar School
1179:Drogheda Grammar School
1097:Kingston Grammar School
1010:Brisbane Grammar School
953:Pulteney Grammar School
890:Rathmore Grammar School
608:Headmasters' Conference
495:Public Schools Act 1868
389:Aberdeen Grammar School
343:Spalding Grammar School
299:(founded 1124) and the
264:(founded 1541) and the
201:St Peter's School, York
136:moved to non-selective
4019:Compensatory education
3771:State or public school
3597:Upper division college
3068:. Sligo Grammar School
2445:"Secondary admissions"
2202:"Direct Grant Schools"
2023:Hodder & Stoughton
1615:Grammar schools debate
1555:Enfield Grammar School
1543:Appleby Grammar School
1491:, the first being the
1484:
1463:was set up by several
1390:
1330:
1303:St. John's Institution
1250:
1212:Dundalk Grammar School
1182:
1158:Mainstream schools in
1154:Education in Hong Kong
1080:
1026:Ipswich Grammar School
1005:
992:Ipswich Grammar School
986:). In Queensland, the
957:Geelong Grammar School
939:
884:
842:reversed the previous
790:
769:
630:, replaced in 1951 by
616:Lord James of Rusholme
591:
530:
447:
316:
262:Christ College, Brecon
187:
182:
51:
3675:Comprehensive school
3602:Vocational university
3169:Charles Dorn (2003).
3142:"Boston Latin School"
3122:. Boston Latin School
2470:David Jesson (2000).
1563:Ilkley Grammar School
1559:Hutton Grammar School
1547:Batley Grammar School
1501:Old Deluder Satan Law
1479:
1411:Raffles Girls' School
1401:The oldest of these,
1385:
1344:Ministry of Education
1325:
1245:
1204:Bandon Grammar School
1177:
1138:collegiate institutes
1074:
1000:
972:Sydney Grammar School
936:Sydney Grammar School
934:
879:
787:
764:
689:comprehensive schools
638:(Ordinary level) and
586:
524:
438:
401:Bolton Grammar School
369:Further information:
331:, founded in 1563 by
314:
266:Friars School, Bangor
176:
138:comprehensive schools
64:school teaching Latin
42:
4138:in the United States
4029:Continuing education
4024:Compulsory education
3868:Free school movement
3836:Single-sex education
3821:International school
3804:Democratic education
3683:For-profit education
3670:Community day school
3565:Liberal arts college
3424:Comprehensive school
3414:Collegiate institute
3247:Support Kent Schools
2325:on 26 February 2005.
2232:Comprehensive Future
2025:. pp. 139–145.
1955:on 14 November 2013.
1918:Slinn, Sara (2017).
1454:Catholic High School
1452:(for boys only) and
1427:Anglo-Chinese School
1423:Anglican High School
1407:Sir Stamford Raffles
1275:King George V School
1263:Victoria Institution
1216:Sligo Grammar School
1109:Upper Canada College
901:St Andrews Agreement
803:Ripon Grammar School
799:statutory instrument
733:state-funded schools
614:, whose headmaster,
491:Clarendon Commission
405:Leeds Grammar School
295:schools such as the
293:Scottish Reformation
278:King Edward's School
205:ancient universities
188:scolae grammaticales
177:Norman staircase at
4147:Informal or illegal
4101:Medieval university
4044:Inclusive education
4014:College preparatory
3575:Residential college
3570:Research university
3507:Professional school
3382:/ Elementary school
2719:on 1 December 2008.
2451:on 29 December 2010
1493:Boston Latin School
1481:Boston Latin School
1403:Raffles Institution
1387:Raffles Institution
1228:Cork Grammar School
1187:Republic of Ireland
779:National Curriculum
588:Framlingham College
525:Laboratory, Brecon
493:, which led to the
472:Marlborough College
391:, retain the name.
254:English Reformation
195:(founded 597), the
142:independent schools
4209:Schools portal
4114:indigenous peoples
4111:Schools imposed on
4049:Remedial education
3983:Distance education
3799:Alternative school
3788:By style / purpose
3763:Specialist school
3622:All-through school
3470:Sixth form college
3097:on 2 February 2007
3066:"About the school"
2521:on 4 January 2012.
1517:elementary schools
1485:
1444:(co-educational),
1442:Dunman High School
1391:
1331:
1259:Penang Free School
1251:
1183:
1093:John Graves Simcoe
1081:
1006:
940:
885:
844:Conservative Party
829:specialist schools
791:
770:
680:Anatomy of Britain
624:School Certificate
592:
569:Education Act 1944
531:
448:
411:. After 10 years,
317:
272:monasteries. King
217:Winchester College
185:Although the term
183:
91:European languages
52:
4237:
4236:
4172:
4171:
4054:Special education
4034:Further education
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3896:
3895:
3883:Montessori school
3878:Laboratory school
3841:Specialist school
3779:
3766:
3711:UK private school
3696:
3678:
3660:
3645:
3644:
3610:
3609:
3545:Community college
3517:Vocational school
3399:Adult high school
3313:educational stage
3220:978-1-136-61021-9
3030:978-0-87332-743-5
2916:978-0-7735-0746-3
2882:978-0-521-42004-4
2842:978-1-85000-859-0
2820:. 10 August 2009.
2818:Belfast Telegraph
2801:Belfast Telegraph
2784:on 19 April 2013.
2778:Belfast Telegraph
2742:on 19 April 2013.
2736:Belfast Telegraph
2693:on 3 October 2008
2660:on 3 October 2008
2182:on 4 January 2012
1929:978-1-78327-175-7
1885:978-0-7486-0980-2
1857:F. M. L. Thompson
1362:was established,
1220:community schools
1195:Church of Ireland
1185:Education in the
1114:Church of England
1105:Sir John Colborne
1061:selective schools
980:Church of England
573:Tripartite System
563:Tripartite System
557:Tripartite System
529:for Girls in 1896
507:Shrewsbury School
409:Court of Chancery
399:Act 1774 and the
130:Tripartite System
16:(Redirected from
4272:
4227:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4096:Cathedral school
4079:Platonic Academy
4067:
4066:
4039:Gifted education
3993:Prison education
3939:Parochial school
3924:Christian school
3907:
3906:
3873:Folk high school
3861:
3860:
3792:
3791:
3777:
3765:(United Kingdom)
3764:
3748:Selective school
3694:
3676:
3658:
3512:Technical school
3500:
3499:
3464:Secondary school
3368:Global influence
3335:Pre-kindergarten
3318:
3317:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3225:
3224:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3171:"Grammar School"
3166:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3093:. Archived from
3087:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2780:. Archived from
2769:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2738:. Archived from
2727:
2721:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2686:. Archived from
2685:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2642:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2538:The Sunday Times
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2514:. Archived from
2505:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2368:on 12 April 2011
2358:
2352:
2351:
2346:. Archived from
2333:
2327:
2326:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2175:. Archived from
2170:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2045:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1951:. Archived from
1943:Gillard, Derek.
1940:
1934:
1933:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1835:
1834:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1701:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1645:
1602:
1540:
1265:(Kuala Lumpur),
1199:disestablishment
1134:secondary school
871:Northern Ireland
859:Northern Ireland
853:Liberal Democrat
812:eleven plus exam
656:higher education
634:examinations at
539:self-improvement
325:The Crypt School
229:boarding schools
190:
146:secondary modern
95:natural sciences
81:. Over time the
21:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4168:
4142:
4133:in South Africa
4116:
4112:
4105:
4091:Monastic school
4058:
4002:
3973:Boarding school
3953:
3929:Female seminary
3919:Catholic school
3892:
3850:
3783:
3753:Separate school
3641:
3632:One-room school
3606:
3550:Graduate school
3521:
3489:
3385:
3344:
3322:Early childhood
3306:
3300:
3261:Grammar schools
3233:
3228:
3221:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3167:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2829:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2793:
2789:
2770:
2766:
2751:
2747:
2728:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2615:
2611:
2596:
2589:
2574:
2570:
2562:The Independent
2553:
2549:
2544:on 1 June 2010.
2530:
2526:
2518:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2425:on 5 March 2012
2422:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2350:on 3 June 2008.
2343:The Independent
2334:
2330:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2271:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2105:Wayback Machine
2095:
2091:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2013:Anthony Sampson
2010:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1964:
1960:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1916:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1872:
1868:
1853:
1838:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1805:on 2 March 2001
1797:
1796:
1792:
1781:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1717:on 6 April 2010
1702:
1689:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1661:on 6 April 2010
1646:
1642:
1638:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1489:colonial period
1474:
1380:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1299:Najib Tun Razak
1287:Marist Brothers
1277:(Seremban) and
1240:
1224:Donogh O'Malley
1172:
1156:
1150:
1129:Egerton Ryerson
1118:Tassie's School
1069:
929:
921:
867:
861:
759:
753:
722:
700:private schools
675:Anthony Sampson
565:
559:
433:
423:, in 1817, and
417:Lord Chancellor
373:
367:
354:parts of speech
243:
237:
221:Oswestry School
171:
165:
160:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Grammar schools
15:
12:
11:
5:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4260:School systems
4257:
4252:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4177:Related topics
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4164:in South Tyrol
4161:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4128:in New Zealand
4125:
4119:
4117:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3998:Virtual school
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3888:Waldorf school
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3814:Sudbury school
3811:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3706:Private school
3703:
3698:
3690:
3688:Free education
3685:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3665:Charter school
3662:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:Junior college
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:Minor seminary
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:Grammar school
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3380:Primary school
3377:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3308:
3307:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3258:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3231:External links
3229:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3201:
3188:
3158:
3133:
3111:
3082:
3057:
3036:
3029:
3010:
3001:
2990:on 10 May 2010
2975:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2931:"Stuart, John"
2922:
2915:
2897:
2888:
2881:
2863:
2848:
2841:
2823:
2806:
2787:
2764:
2745:
2722:
2704:
2671:
2628:
2609:
2587:
2568:
2547:
2524:
2491:
2462:
2436:
2404:
2393:
2379:
2353:
2328:
2310:
2295:
2280:
2262:
2246:
2235:
2224:
2213:
2193:
2156:
2150:10.3386/w12176
2127:
2114:
2089:
2070:
2061:
2031:
2004:
1977:
1958:
1935:
1928:
1910:
1891:
1884:
1866:
1836:
1825:Samuel Johnson
1816:
1790:
1764:
1755:
1728:
1707:, ed. (1938).
1687:
1672:
1651:, ed. (1926).
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1513:public schools
1473:
1470:
1438:United Kingdom
1379:
1376:
1313:
1310:
1239:
1236:
1230:, replaced by
1191:denominational
1171:
1168:
1149:
1146:
1142:Western Canada
1068:
1065:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
945:public schools
928:
925:
920:
917:
860:
857:
766:Reading School
752:
749:
726:grammar school
721:
718:
685:Circular 10/65
677:, in his book
658:, pupils from
652:Robbins Report
620:
619:
600:
561:Main article:
558:
555:
543:public schools
489:Following the
484:Dorothea Beale
466:'s reforms at
432:
429:
377:Samuel Johnson
366:
363:
323:; for example
236:
233:
164:
161:
159:
156:
60:United Kingdom
56:grammar school
48:academy status
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4277:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4230:
4222:
4220:
4212:
4210:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Homeschooling
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Bible college
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Magnet school
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3778:(New Zealand)
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3741:international
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Middle school
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Studio school
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:/ High school
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Cadet college
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Junior school
3373:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3363:Infant school
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3163:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3121:
3120:"BLS History"
3115:
3108:
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2146:
2142:
2138:
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2107:
2106:
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2099:
2093:
2085:
2084:The Spectator
2081:
2074:
2065:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2008:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1931:
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1564:
1560:
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1527:
1525:
1524:magnet school
1520:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1472:United States
1469:
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1428:
1424:
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1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:sister school
1357:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1309:
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1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
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1248:
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1235:
1233:
1232:Ashton School
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:prior to its
1196:
1192:
1188:
1180:
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985:
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836:
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800:
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734:
731:
727:
717:
715:
710:
704:
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682:
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673:According to
671:
669:
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629:
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585:
581:
580:examination.
579:
574:
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554:
551:
546:
544:
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536:
535:Victorian era
528:
527:County School
523:
519:
517:
512:
508:
504:
503:Harrow School
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
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473:
469:
465:
464:Thomas Arnold
460:
455:
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355:
351:
350:rote learning
346:
344:
340:
339:Roger Manwood
337:
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181:(founded 597)
180:
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126:
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120:
116:
115:Victorian era
112:
108:
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100:
96:
92:
88:
87:Ancient Greek
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4265:School types
3846:Vocal school
3831:Music school
3693:Free school
3637:Ranch school
3485:Upper school
3454:Maths school
3433:
3358:First school
3340:Kindergarten
3266:The Guardian
3264:
3255:
3210:
3204:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3174:
3151:13 September
3149:. Retrieved
3145:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3114:
3106:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:the original
3085:
3077:
3070:. Retrieved
3060:
3048:. Retrieved
3039:
3020:
3013:
3004:
2992:. Retrieved
2988:the original
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2934:
2925:
2906:
2900:
2891:
2872:
2866:
2832:
2826:
2817:
2809:
2800:
2790:
2782:the original
2777:
2767:
2758:
2748:
2740:the original
2735:
2725:
2717:the original
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2688:the original
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2644:
2631:
2622:
2612:
2603:
2581:
2571:
2560:
2550:
2542:the original
2537:
2527:
2516:the original
2507:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2478:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2420:the original
2407:
2396:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2366:the original
2356:
2348:the original
2341:
2331:
2323:the original
2313:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2258:The Guardian
2256:
2249:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2205:
2196:
2184:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2159:
2140:
2130:
2122:
2121:Sampson, A.
2117:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2073:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2047:
2034:
2026:
2017:
2007:
1996:, retrieved
1987:
1980:
1971:
1961:
1953:the original
1948:
1938:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1894:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1829:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:the original
1793:
1784:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1741:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:the original
1709:
1681:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:the original
1653:
1643:
1625:Latin school
1538:
1521:
1510:
1499:enacted the
1486:
1458:
1435:
1419:
1415:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1348:
1332:
1307:
1252:
1184:
1157:
1126:
1102:
1089:Upper Canada
1082:
1058:
1051:
969:
941:
922:
909:
894:
886:
868:
837:
825:
817:
808:
792:
771:
725:
723:
705:
697:
678:
672:
621:
593:
566:
547:
533:In the late
532:
499:Eton College
488:
468:Rugby School
456:
449:
440:Frances Buss
393:
384:
380:
374:
347:
318:
290:
251:
244:
225:Eton College
209:liberal arts
184:
169:Latin school
127:
72:
55:
53:
36:
3966:By location
3856:Progressive
3758:Sink school
3727:University
3716:preparatory
3444:Hauptschule
3101:13 February
3072:13 February
2050:(1398): 4–5
1505:New England
1429:(1886) and
1366:. In 1922,
1335:New Zealand
1312:New Zealand
974:(1857) and
965:Hale School
963:(1858) and
840:Theresa May
478:(1850) and
252:During the
223:(1407) and
99:mathematics
4244:Categories
4154:in Ireland
4063:Historical
3978:Day school
3590:Collegiate
3585:University
2484:11 October
2455:2 November
2186:19 October
2171:(Report).
2021:. London:
1705:Will Spens
1649:W.H. Hadow
1636:References
1316:See also:
1166:subjects.
1164:vocational
1152:See also:
976:Queensland
863:See also:
755:See also:
548:Under the
486:in 1858).
413:Lord Eldon
381:Dictionary
359:scriveners
239:See also:
199:(604) and
167:See also:
83:curriculum
4159:in Greece
4123:in Canada
3902:Religious
3701:Institute
3695:(England)
3677:(British)
3659:(England)
3439:Gymnasium
3391:Secondary
3330:Preschool
1809:1 October
1465:Peranakan
1378:Singapore
1291:Methodist
1160:Hong Kong
1148:Hong Kong
1004:(c. 1895)
982:(now the
927:Australia
905:Sinn Féin
833:academies
730:selective
714:Kent Test
668:Cambridge
274:Edward VI
270:Dominican
107:geography
4219:Category
4007:By scope
3934:Gurukula
3657:Academy
3615:Combined
3580:Seminary
3495:Tertiary
3256:BBC News
3181:26 March
3050:15 April
2941:15 April
2604:Guardian
2372:15 April
2101:Archived
2015:(1971).
1827:(1755).
1748:15 April
1721:15 April
1665:15 April
1609:See also
1433:(1887).
1339:Auckland
1254:Malaysia
1238:Malaysia
1107:founded
967:(1858).
959:(1855),
955:(1847),
951:(1846),
789:schools.
599:schools.
375:In 1755
333:Sandwich
219:(1382),
75:medieval
4229:Commons
3949:Yeshiva
3944:Madrasa
3731:private
3540:College
3535:Academy
3350:Primary
2697:4 April
2664:4 April
2054:13 June
1998:13 June
1859:(ed.).
1170:Ireland
1085:Ontario
751:England
724:Today,
640:A-level
636:O-level
578:11-plus
511:Taunton
509:), the
415:, then
291:In the
282:James I
213:trivium
158:History
151:academy
119:England
103:history
4084:Lyceum
3736:public
3721:public
3527:Higher
3449:Lyceum
3303:School
3217:
3126:6 June
3027:
2994:25 May
2913:
2879:
2839:
2429:31 May
1926:
1882:
1483:(1635)
1389:(1823)
1329:(1868)
1269:, the
1261:, the
1249:(1914)
1181:(1669)
1067:Canada
1033:(1892)
938:(1857)
883:(1860)
849:Labour
775:civics
664:Oxford
660:public
446:(1850)
341:, and
336:jurist
321:guilds
3305:types
2691:(PDF)
2684:(PDF)
2658:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2519:(PDF)
2504:(PDF)
2475:(PDF)
2423:(PDF)
2416:(PDF)
2180:(PDF)
2169:(PDF)
2044:(PDF)
1992:(PDF)
1530:Notes
1120:, in
305:burgh
123:Wales
79:Latin
4184:K–12
3215:ISBN
3195:See
3183:2015
3153:2008
3128:2017
3103:2007
3074:2007
3052:2010
3025:ISBN
2996:2010
2943:2010
2911:ISBN
2877:ISBN
2837:ISBN
2699:2008
2666:2008
2486:2010
2457:2010
2431:2009
2374:2010
2188:2009
2056:2023
2000:2023
1924:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1811:2008
1750:2010
1723:2010
1667:2010
1289:and
1214:and
1122:Galt
895:The
851:and
821:LEAs
666:and
626:and
567:The
505:and
457:The
121:and
3311:By
2759:BBC
2582:SEA
2145:doi
1333:In
379:'s
111:art
4246::
3263:,
3254:,
3161:^
3144:.
3105:.
3076:.
2933:.
2851:^
2799:.
2776:.
2757:.
2734:.
2643:.
2621:.
2602:.
2590:^
2580:.
2559:.
2536:.
2510:.
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2340:.
2265:^
2204:.
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2139:.
2108:,
2082:.
2046:.
1947:.
1903:.
1839:^
1767:^
1690:^
1577:,
1448:,
1273:,
1210:,
1206:,
1144:.
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670:.
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109:,
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101:,
97:,
93:,
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3130:.
3054:.
3033:.
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2919:.
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2761:.
2701:.
2668:.
2625:.
2606:.
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2459:.
2433:.
2376:.
2190:.
2153:.
2147::
2112:.
2086:.
2058:.
1932:.
1888:.
1833:.
1813:.
1752:.
1725:.
1669:.
1301:(
1079:)
50:.
34:.
20:)
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