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the powerful nobility. An additional point of the agreement was the obligation to offer hospitality to the younger brothers, Konrad and Władysław, who were destined to the espiritual career. Henry III's successful attempts to make Władysław entered in the Church had a total contrast with the relations between Bolesław and Konrad. Between them, were several disputes, in particular after Konrad claimed his own district and refused to become a priest. Open war between Henry III (who supported Konrad) and Bolesław II was only a matter of time.
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489:, had two possibles leaders of the revolt: first, the Bishop Thomas of Wrocław, who, taking advantage from Henry III's apparent weakness, tried to strengthen the position of the church; but after watching how the Duke concentrated all the power in his hands and stripped the nobility from his privileges, he feared that this also happened with the Church hierarchy, which certainly he did not permit.
441:. They decided to punish Henry III, and during 1253–1254 the Duchy of Wrocław was besieged and plundered. Attempts to force concessions, either by blackmail (as was the case in 1256, when the sons of Henry II the Pious took the intervention of the papal Curia, but to regain some lost by Bolesław the Pious) or bribery (the exchange of
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change the radical politics of his late brother. Henry III's dying request to extend the rule of Władysław's regency was made with the clear purpose to reduce the suspicion of guilt against him. Guilty for his death should therefore be found primarily among those dissatisfied with the rule of knights, or divide Wrocław.
429:). The cooperation with the Přemyslids, however, was not having the expected results. After Bohemia decided to interfere in the Babenberg succession of Austria with the support of the English, Henry III decided to reaffirm his alliance with them and repudiated his treaty with the rulers of Greater Poland,
536:
The year of Henry III's death is absolutely certain, as is confirmed by all the documentary and oral sources of that time. However, there are disparities about the exact date. 3 December was confirmed as the best, although there are also sources date: 1 December, 5 December and 29 November. Henry III
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In the internal politics, Henry III stood on guard to defend the prerogatives of the Piast dynasty, and the church actively supported him, because Henry III supported Bishop Thomas of Wrocław against Bolesław II in their disputes. This particular policy was not pleasing the Wrocław nobility; by 1266
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to Konrad, who wished to enforce Henry III's intervention over
Legnica in 1250. When Konrad decided on Bolesław II's kidnapping, even to the ruler of Wrocław, this was too much. All these treatments are not expected to take effect over the Duke of Wrocław, however, as Henry III in his relations with
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Bolesław II may have hoped that Henry III encountered serious difficulties with Wrocław (which he received in the division), so at the end the Duchy would come back to him. These expectations, however, never happened. Henry III was a strong ruler, and almost immediately he could impose his will over
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The second possible leader was to be Bolesław II the Bald who hoped, in case of the eventual division of the Duchy of Wrocław and the expected death of Władysław without heirs -because he followed the spiritual career-, recovered at least 1/3 of Wrocław (the remaining 2/3 would be retained by Henry
513:
The source of the unnatural circumstances of his death suggests that some of the
Silesian Dukes maybe conspired against him, and this suggestion is not unfounded. This was proved by the last months of Henry III's life, as he spent all this time fighting against the internal opposition of his rule.
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The first appearance of Henry III as adult was found only in 1247; however, Bolesław II didn't have any intentions to share the power with him. He only changed his mind after the revolt of his brothers, who even captured him. Henry III was made the co-ruler with his older brother. The cooperation
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The participation of the two possible leaders of the revolt of mid-1266, Bishop Thomas and Bolesław II the Bald, and seems unlikely. Their benefits from Henry III's death were small: Wrocław passed into the hands of Henry IV, a minor, under the regency of the
Archbishop Władysław, which doesn't
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Between the 1250s and 1260s Henry III became the most powerful Piast Duke of Lower
Silesia. Consequently, it was not surprising that he was active in international politics. Henry III made alliances with his relatives, the Dukes of Opole and Głogów, and with the Kings of
497:", an unusual way to refer to somebody who supposed a close bond between them. However, there did not exist direct evidence for this theory. Of the revolt of the mid-year 1266 little is known, but it certainly failed, as the Duchy was not divided.
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Henry III was not in time to celebrate his success, because only a few months later he suddenly died with only thirty-nine years old. Like is common in such situations, soon began the rumours about poisoning. This is reflected, in the
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The dictatorial internal politics of Henry III led to a rebellion of the townspeople. The pretext emerged in the mid-year 1266 when they tried to forced a division of the Duchy of Wrocław between Henry III and his brother
Archbishop
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III, his other brother Konrad, and their descendants) for him or his successors. The rapprochement between Bishop Thomas and Bolesław II was proved by a document, in which the Duke of
Legnica called Bishop Thomas as his "
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Bolesław II, without funds, began to fear the prospect of an armed conflict with his brothers. In order to obtain the necessary resources to conduct the war, he decided to sell half of Lubusz to the
Archbishop of
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the brothers now sought to avoid open conflicts. Only in 1253, when the authority of Bolesław II collapsed completely, Henry III helped him to return to his Duchy.
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Certainly there was a large group of people affected by the Duke's punishment after the end of the revolt who decided to eliminate him from the scene.
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399:. Unfortunately for him, Henry III also began to seek an ally in the rulers of Meissen. Defeated, Bolesław II was forced to give the district of
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Anno domini
Millesimo, Nonas Decembris obiit veneno inclitus dux Wratislaviensis Henricus tertius, secundus filius secundi Henrici, a Thartaris
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a huge castle was built. Henry III also generously supported artists in his court. In the 13th century, German was the language of policy.
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between the brothers was not very good and a year later, under pressure from Henry III, they decided to make a division of the districts
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on 9 April 1241, Henry III was still a minor and found himself under the care of the mother together with his youngest brothers
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465:, which significantly contributed to the growth and prosperity of his Duchy. Many cities were founded during this time, and in
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482:. Władysław was not the head of the revolt and this was total surprise to him. His origins are certainly among the nobility.
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Shortly before his death in 1266, Henry III married secondly with Helena (b. 1247 – d. 12 June 1309), daughter of
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On 2 June 1252, Henry III married firstly with Judith (b. 1222/25 – d. 4 December 1257/65?), daughter of Duke
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several riots erupted among the nobles and knights, which contributed to the premature death of the Duke.
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Another manifestation of Henry III's rule was the intensive German colonization of
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Hedwig (b. ca. 1256 – d. aft. 14 December 1300), married firstly by 1271/72 to
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if they switched to the
Bohemian side) did not yield a positive result.
525:, the mysterious death of Henry III was written even on his tombstone:
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Silesian partition of 1248/49, Henry's Duchy of Wrocław in orange
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Alliance with
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written by the cisternian monk Engelbert around 1283–1285.
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in 1262, promised by Henry III to Bolesław the Pious and
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from 1248 until his death, as co-ruler with his brother
611:"Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast: Silesia"
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453:Internal politics and relations with the nobility
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315:. After the heroic death of his father at the
330:In 1242, the unexpected death of his brother
379:, because gold had been discovered in the
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618:Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
342:against the government of Bolesław II.
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271:– 3 December 1266), a member of the
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551:black crownless eagle
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485:The Polish historian
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447:Bolesław V the Chaste
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55:"Henry III the White"
661:Bolesław II the Bald
627:Henry III the White
336:Bolesław II the Bald
313:Ottokar I of Bohemia
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559:Konrad I of Masovia
541:Marriages and issue
521:In addition to the
252:Henry III the White
160:Bolesław II Rogatka
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710:1266 deaths
705:1227 births
531:Jan Długosz
156:Predecessor
699:Categories
676:1248–1266
603:References
565:, Duke of
431:Przemysł I
423:Ottokar II
299:high duke
66:newspapers
687:Władysław
397:Magdeburg
385:Wierzbiak
325:Władysław
309:Přemyslid
285:Władysław
166:Successor
151:1248–1266
96:June 2023
437:and the
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381:Kaczawa
377:Legnica
373:Wrocław
367:–
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332:Mieszko
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