2687:
130:
asked participants to choose between whether they considered themselves carnivorous or herbivorous, with 45.9% of respondents clarifying that while they would not explicitly define themselves as herbivorous, they preferred it in comparison to carnivorous. Additionally, LifeNet's definition for "herbivorous" was based on two defining aspects: a general passivity about love and a preference to keep to themselves even if they have something to say.
263:) was a TV drama broadcast in 2009, focusing on the relationship between an herbivore man and his coworker who end up sharing an apartment. Shinichi, the herbivore man, is portrayed as the exact opposite of a traditional "masculine" man, lacking ambition at work, relationship experience and intention of pursuing a relationship that is associated with masculinity. The drama was relatively popular and had an audience rating of 9.45%.
275:
197:, Japan has not directly participated in any war or conflict, either within its own borders or outside of them. Prior to this time of peace, many Japanese felt that becoming a soldier was the only approach to becoming manly. This social norm has slowly disappeared during the following period of post-war peace. Due to this, Japanese men are less aggressive and this could bleed over into their romantic lives.
185:). Other women feel that self-proclaimed herbivore men are weak and not masculine, while some men apparently are not attracted to "independent" women. In a 2011 poll of Japanese boys aged between 16 and 19, 36% described themselves as indifferent or averse towards having sex; the figure for girls in the same age group was at 59%.
51:
and express little interest in getting married or being assertive in pursuing relationships with women. The term was coined by the author Maki
Fukasawa, who initially intended for it to describe a new form of masculinity that was not reliant on the proactivity and assertiveness typically associated
125:
Although the term "herbivore man" does not have a universally accepted definition, there are a few defining characteristics for herbivore men that seem widely agreed upon. This is largely because the traits associated with herbivore men are defined by popular culture and media rather than through
84:
who cared too much about their appearance rather than marriage or finding a stable job, which were seen as traditionally masculine roles. The definition of herbivore men is still debated because of this, making it difficult to estimate how many men in Japan identify as herbivore men, particularly
129:
Since the boundaries for what defines herbivore men are unclear, popularly cited surveys such as the one conducted by LifeNet concluded that in a sample group of 1000 unmarried men and women in their 20s and 30s, 378 men reported that they considered themselves "herbivorous." However, the survey
56:
defines herbivore men as "kind and gentle men who, without being bound by manliness, do not pursue romantic relationships voraciously and have no aptitude for being hurt or hurting others." According to
Fukasawa, herbivore men are "not without romantic relationships, but have a non-assertive,
241:) was a movie released in 2010 in which one of the main characters displays herbivore tendencies. Throughout the movie, he struggles to understand sexual situations, such as a woman inviting him to sleep with her. In the same year, singer-songwriter
220:
has been in decline since 2011. In 2014, Japan's population was estimated at 127 million; this figure is expected to shrink to 107 million (16%) by 2040 and to 97 million (24%) by 2050 should the current demographic trend continue.
162:
are so interrelated. Many women refuse to marry men who do not have steady jobs since stable employment is seen as a sign of maturity, operating under the idea that men should be the breadwinners of the family. The view of
213:
in 2014, down from a high of 1.84 in the mid 1980s. Many blame this drastic fall on the rise of herbivore men in Japan. The decline in birth rate has been attributed to the herbivore men's reluctance to marry.
718:
167:
as ambitionless, irresponsible and un-masculine match many of the characteristics associated with herbivore men, with both groups often acting as scapegoats for Japan's economic decline.
848:
126:
academic fields, as demonstrated in the contrast between the perspective on masculinity that Maki
Fukusawa intended to convey in coining the term compared to its current connotation.
753:
158:, young people working exclusively part-time jobs. The youth unemployment rate peaked in 2010 at 9.47%. Many of these young men also find it difficult to marry because work and
229:
With the perceived rise of herbivore men in
Japanese society, herbivore men have also become more prominent in Japanese culture and media. From 2008 to 2009, the term
958:
Deacon, Chris (2013). "All the World's a Stage: Herbivore Boys and the
Performance of Masculinity in Contemporary Japan". In Brigitte, Steger; Koch, Angelika (eds.).
154:
became less appealing, with many youth rejecting this employment path after schooling and choosing to work as part-timers. As of 2007, approximately 920,000 men were
787:
696:
177:
are so inter-related, may have made it more difficult for these
Japanese men to find marriage. Many women refuse men who do not have steady jobs (such as
173:
might be further discouraging men from entering into romantic relationships. The decision that many herbivore men make to stop working, because work and
138:
Indifference to marriage and committed relationships has been an observable trend in many socially and economically advanced societies. Japan's unique
2632:
2518:
2523:
726:
1022:
817:
840:
749:
666:
233:
became a widely used and trendy term in Japan. It even was voted into the top ten of
Buzzwords of the Year in December 2009 by U-CAN.
3040:
2723:
979:
2508:
2190:
1498:
246:
1747:
750:"Japan panics about the rise of "herbivores"—young men who shun sex, don't spend money, and like taking walks. - Slate Magazine"
2503:
1531:
898:"The Rise of 草食系男子 (Soushokukei Danshi) Masculinity and Consumption in Contemporary Japan: A Historic and Discursive Analysis"
871:
2232:
967:
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400:
2854:
1015:
779:
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913:
688:
2119:
1092:
1055:
3121:
3106:
150:
have been cited as reasons for the rise in herbivore men. Economic decline showed the fragility of salarymen and
1198:
1008:
617:
Cook, Emma E. (2013). "Expectations of
Failure: Maturity and Masculinity for Freeters in Contemporary Japan".
2716:
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1525:
1064:
1046:
2463:
2320:
2269:
2114:
1503:
3131:
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2495:
2161:
1907:
523:"Carnivore Women and Herbivore Men in Mythology : Opinion : Chuo Online : YOMIURI ONLINE"
3126:
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3111:
2256:
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2078:
1175:
206:
2156:
1448:
2709:
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809:
80:. Through mass media, the label of herbivore man came to be associated with irresponsible, overly
2974:
2485:
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1902:
329:
3136:
3015:
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44:
573:
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65:
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8:
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1115:
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349:
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16:
Japanese term for men with little interest in getting married or finding a girlfriend
3075:
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1873:
1834:
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626:
453:
381:
186:
77:
53:
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2264:
2003:
1839:
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985:
457:
339:
109:, denoting more sexually proactive and assertive women who are often considered
2999:
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1950:
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170:
73:
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2315:
1893:
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1728:
1536:
1412:
1157:
841:"Japan's Greatest Challenge (And It's Not China): Massive Population Decline"
547:
465:
58:
2142:
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442:"SHORT REPORT: Gender, pride and medical circumcision in contemporary Japan"
2812:
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1513:
929:
481:
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194:
110:
81:
1367:
630:
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1967:
1868:
1403:
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1206:
1097:
473:
441:
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2761:
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2543:
2423:
1955:
1770:
1553:
1273:
318:
293:
114:
1692:
600:
Happy
Singlehood: The Rising Acceptance and Celebration of Solo Living
249:
in an attempt to bolster "men's spirit ... and sexuality" against the
2969:
2889:
2844:
2642:
2241:
2176:
2105:
1994:
1825:
1710:
1430:
1264:
1255:
1166:
960:
Manga Girl Seeks
Herbivore Boy: Studying Japanese Gender at Cambridge
905:
143:
69:
2923:
2879:
2849:
2839:
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2736:
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2402:
2195:
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2030:
1976:
1802:
1300:
1189:
302:
178:
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48:
1562:
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2013:
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1106:
1985:
1939:
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1309:
324:
242:
64:
The term was quickly sensationalized by the media, gaining a
2210:
2874:
1439:
1244:
574:"結婚したい相手、男性は『草食女子』、女性は『肉食男子』「私、結婚できないかもしれない」9 割、憧れるのは「一途婚」"
334:
189:
argues that Japanese herbivore men are a result of Japan's
182:
548:"肉食系女子の特徴17選｜肉食系女子が男性から注目される理由とは？ | 恋学[Koi-Gaku]"
85:
considering the social stigma associated with the term.
1030:
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2182:
2143:
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2125:
2106:
2097:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1957:
1940:
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1140:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1079:
1056:
1047:
719:"The last person out of the closet? The bisexual male"
863:
270:
978:
2633:Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! controversy
810:"Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | Data"
3093:
2731:
100:
34:
930:"Audience Rating TV > 視聴率 > 2009年10～12月"
681:
439:
94:
28:
2717:
2226:
1016:
980:"Trends in Japan 2009: Changing Gender Roles"
386:"A Phenomenological Study of 'Herbivore Men'"
47:to describe young men who become voluntarily
773:
771:
120:
895:
2724:
2710:
2233:
2219:
1023:
1009:
780:"No Sex, Please, We're Young Japanese Men"
689:"Young Japanese 'decline to fall in love'"
590:
427:草食系男子の恋愛学, Sōshokukei danshi no ren'aigaku
3041:Sexual and reproductive health and rights
838:
768:
376:
374:
372:
370:
68:suggesting young men who had lost their "
2191:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
869:
777:
424:
380:
52:with masculinity in Japan. Philosopher
3094:
976:
957:
902:Gender, Culture, and Consumer Behavior
747:
596:
367:
2705:
2214:
1004:
977:Hughes, Felicity (29 December 2009).
820:from the original on 7 September 2017
612:
610:
900:. In Cele Otnes, Linda Zayer (ed.).
669:from the original on 4 February 2014
616:
494:
406:from the original on 25 October 2017
200:
2855:Friends with benefits relationships
790:from the original on 23 August 2017
699:from the original on 16 August 2018
13:
951:
851:from the original on 21 March 2017
832:
778:Tomikawa, Yuri (13 January 2011).
748:Harney, Alexandra (15 June 2009).
607:
14:
3153:
603:. University of California Press.
253:masculinity in Japan's society.
2686:
2685:
839:Armstrong, Shiro (16 May 2016).
756:from the original on 3 June 2012
273:
133:
922:
889:
802:
741:
711:
651:
637:
554:(in Japanese). 26 February 2020
446:Culture, Health & Sexuality
440:Castro-Vázquez, Genaro (2013).
1199:Light skin in Japanese culture
870:Johnston, Eric (16 May 2015).
725:. 28 June 2010. Archived from
566:
540:
515:
488:
433:
418:
1:
2623:Domestic violence against men
2240:
1065:Blood type personality theory
1031:Japanese social concepts and
360:
142:structured around supporting
2321:Paternal rights and abortion
2270:Gender marking in job titles
2115:Japanese blue collar workers
872:"Is Japan becoming extinct?"
619:Social Science Japan Journal
458:10.1080/13691058.2012.738827
399:. Life Studies Press: 1–20.
74:Japan's declining birth rate
57:indifferent attitude toward
7:
3102:Interpersonal relationships
2197:
2183:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2107:
2098:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1958:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1895:
1875:
1861:
1855:
1846:
1827:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1772:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1674:
1665:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1596:
1587:
1575:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1516:
1489:
1475:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
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1266:
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1247:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1191:
1182:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1080:
1057:
1048:
645:"Japan: Youth unemployment"
266:
224:
101:
35:
10:
3158:
2481:Mythopoetic men's movement
425:Morioka, Masahiro (2008).
393:The Review of Life Studies
3008:
2962:
2743:
2681:
2656:
2608:
2601:
2587:
2536:
2464:Men's liberation movement
2451:
2411:
2385:
2364:
2299:Marriage and reproduction
2298:
2255:
2248:
2077:
1886:
1621:
1614:
1461:
1340:
1176:Japanese political values
1039:
497:"積極的すぎて怖い？ 「肉食系女子」の特徴10選"
495:二宮ゆみ (30 November 2021).
207:sub-replacement fertility
121:Definition and prevalence
95:
29:
2496:Fathers' rights movement
2377:Sex differences in crime
659:"They need another hero"
597:Kislev, Elyakim (2019).
193:peace. Since the end of
2975:Physical attractiveness
2594:International Men's Day
2486:Men Going Their Own Way
2306:Marriage of convenience
2120:Japanese business terms
2092:Business card etiquette
1903:Japanese street fashion
784:The Wall Street Journal
330:Men Going Their Own Way
72:" were responsible for
3122:Psychological attitude
3107:Intimate relationships
3016:Human female sexuality
2949:Split attraction model
2830:Committed relationship
2638:Conflict tactics scale
2429:Masculine beauty ideal
2398:Testosterone poisoning
962:. Berlin: LIT Verlag.
876:The Japan Times Online
245:held a male-only rock
146:as well as its recent
102:Nikushoku-kei no josei
3066:Sex-positive movement
3061:Sex-positive feminism
3046:Sex Addicts Anonymous
2919:Queer heterosexuality
2469:Men's rights movement
2351:Tender years doctrine
2280:Hegemonic masculinity
2257:Gender discrimination
2152:Labor unions in Japan
845:The National Interest
3021:Human male sexuality
2912:Romantic orientation
2393:Human male sexuality
1040:Sociocultural values
908:. pp. 283–308.
896:Steven Chen (2012).
152:permanent employment
66:negative connotation
36:Sōshoku(-kei) danshi
2798:Casual relationship
2746:Sexual relationship
2628:Forced circumcision
2285:Occupational sexism
2157:Lifetime employment
1509:Japanese honorifics
695:. 11 January 2012.
665:. 29 October 2009.
631:10.1093/ssjj/jys022
308:Buddha-like mindset
289:Alpha and beta male
3132:Sexuality in Japan
3117:Popular psychology
3081:Stanley v. Georgia
3026:Right to sexuality
2995:Sexual frustration
2934:Sexual orientation
2162:Management culture
1582:Sitting positions
814:data.worldbank.org
235:Sōshoku-kei danshi
218:Japan's population
209:rate of only 1.42
88:A similar term is
78:stagnating economy
43:is a term used in
3127:Sexual attraction
3089:
3088:
3071:Sexual revolution
2980:Sexual attraction
2929:Sexual abstinence
2818:Celibacy syndrome
2699:
2698:
2677:
2676:
2532:
2531:
2447:
2446:
2290:Sexual harassment
2208:
2207:
2073:
2072:
1118:Hara hachi bun me
1088:Celibacy syndrome
969:978-3-643-90319-8
527:yab.yomiuri.co.jp
382:Morioka, Masahiro
350:Satori generation
205:Japan recorded a
201:Potential effects
175:marriage in Japan
160:marriage in Japan
90:carnivorous women
3149:
3112:Culture of Japan
3076:Sexual surrogate
3036:Sexual addiction
2835:Conventional sex
2726:
2719:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2689:
2688:
2606:
2605:
2588:Remembrance days
2492:
2491:
2346:Stay-at-home dad
2253:
2252:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2186:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2110:
2101:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2027:
2018:
2009:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1961:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1898:
1878:
1876:Yamato nadeshiko
1864:
1858:
1849:
1835:Net cafe refugee
1830:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1775:
1756:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1677:
1668:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1599:
1590:
1578:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1519:
1504:Honorific speech
1499:Dining etiquette
1492:
1478:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
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1305:
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982:
973:
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882:
867:
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829:
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797:
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745:
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709:
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655:
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559:
544:
538:
537:
535:
533:
519:
513:
512:
510:
508:
492:
486:
485:
452:(1/2): 101–113.
437:
431:
430:
422:
416:
415:
413:
411:
405:
390:
378:
283:
278:
277:
276:
187:Masahiro Morioka
148:economic decline
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
59:desires of flesh
54:Masahiro Morioka
42:
41:
38:
32:
31:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3051:Sexual jealousy
3004:
2963:Sexual dynamics
2958:
2885:One-night stand
2860:Heterosexuality
2767:Gray asexuality
2750:
2748:
2739:
2733:Human sexuality
2730:
2700:
2695:
2673:
2652:
2618:Dating violence
2597:
2583:
2569:Michael Messner
2528:
2490:
2443:
2439:Human sex ratio
2407:
2381:
2360:
2331:Paternity fraud
2294:
2265:Gender equality
2244:
2239:
2209:
2204:
2069:
1882:
1840:Parasite single
1750:
1615:Types of people
1610:
1604:Other positions
1534:
1483:Bowing in Japan
1466:
1457:
1336:
1330:Yamato-damashii
1070:Brother complex
1035:
1029:
991:
989:
986:The Japan Times
983:. Japan Pulse.
970:
954:
952:Further reading
949:
948:
938:
936:
928:
927:
923:
916:
894:
890:
880:
878:
868:
864:
854:
852:
837:
833:
823:
821:
808:
807:
803:
793:
791:
776:
769:
759:
757:
746:
742:
732:
730:
729:on 20 June 2012
717:
716:
712:
702:
700:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
657:
656:
652:
643:
642:
638:
615:
608:
595:
591:
581:
579:
576:
572:
571:
567:
557:
555:
546:
545:
541:
531:
529:
521:
520:
516:
506:
504:
493:
489:
438:
434:
423:
419:
409:
407:
403:
388:
379:
368:
363:
340:Parasite single
279:
274:
272:
269:
257:The Single Lady
227:
211:total fertility
203:
136:
123:
105:
92:
39:
26:
24:grass-eater men
17:
12:
11:
5:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
3000:Sociosexuality
2997:
2992:
2987:
2985:Sexual capital
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:Sexual partner
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2870:Hypersexuality
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:Fictosexuality
2774:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2564:Michael Kimmel
2561:
2556:
2554:Warren Farrell
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2519:United Kingdom
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2461:
2459:Men's movement
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:Patrilineality
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2311:Paper abortion
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2275:Gender pay gap
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2188:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2020:
2011:
2001:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1910:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1866:
1851:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1777:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1592:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1560:
1542:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1203:Mental states
1201:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1142:Ichi-go ichi-e
1137:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1074:Sister complex
1067:
1062:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1005:
999:
998:
974:
968:
953:
950:
947:
946:
921:
914:
888:
862:
831:
801:
767:
740:
710:
680:
650:
636:
606:
589:
565:
539:
514:
487:
432:
417:
365:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
352:
347:
345:Quiet quitting
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
315:
310:
305:
300:
291:
285:
284:
268:
265:
226:
223:
202:
199:
171:Japanese women
135:
132:
122:
119:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3154:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:Terms for men
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Sexual ethics
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Single person
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:Romantic love
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Homosexuality
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:Herbivore men
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Demisexuality
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2670:
2669:Androcentrism
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2579:Bettina Arndt
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2524:United States
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Herbivore men
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Men's shelter
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:Paternal bond
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Black company
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1766:Herbivore men
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1727:
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1658:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:Shinoukoushou
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1600:
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1593:
1591:
1589:
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1510:
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1471:
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1454:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1415:Mono no aware
1411:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:
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1204:
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1200:
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1195:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1160:Ishin-denshin
1156:
1154:
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1145:
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1138:
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987:
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917:
915:9781138110441
911:
907:
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866:
850:
846:
842:
835:
819:
815:
811:
805:
789:
785:
781:
774:
772:
755:
752:. Slate.com.
751:
744:
728:
724:
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714:
698:
694:
690:
684:
668:
664:
663:The Economist
660:
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624:
620:
613:
611:
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569:
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543:
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518:
503:(in Japanese)
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251:herbivore men
248:
244:
240:
239:Herbivore Men
236:
232:
231:herbivore men
222:
219:
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188:
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134:Social stigma
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91:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
55:
50:
46:
37:
25:
21:
20:Herbivore men
2822:
2813:Love shyness
2791:Pansexuality
2757:Aromanticism
2549:Jack Donovan
2434:Men's health
2418:
2167:Nenko system
2079:Work culture
1869:Yakuza ranks
1765:
1746:
1530:
1467:social norms
1245:
990:. Retrieved
984:
959:
937:. Retrieved
933:
924:
901:
891:
881:13 September
879:. Retrieved
875:
865:
853:. Retrieved
844:
834:
822:. Retrieved
813:
804:
792:. Retrieved
783:
758:. Retrieved
743:
731:. Retrieved
727:the original
722:
713:
701:. Retrieved
692:
683:
671:. Retrieved
662:
653:
639:
622:
618:
599:
592:
580:. Retrieved
568:
558:14 September
556:. Retrieved
552:恋を学んで強くなる｜恋学
551:
542:
532:14 September
530:. Retrieved
526:
517:
507:14 September
505:. Retrieved
500:
490:
449:
445:
435:
426:
420:
408:. Retrieved
396:
392:
317:
298:aromanticism
281:Japan portal
260:
256:
255:
250:
238:
234:
230:
228:
216:
204:
195:World War II
169:
140:labor market
137:
128:
124:
89:
87:
82:feminine men
63:
23:
19:
18:
3056:Sexual norm
2895:Promiscuity
2786:Bisexuality
2574:Erin Pizzey
2559:Cassie Jaye
2356:Trophy wife
2341:Sperm theft
2326:Paternalism
2172:Office lady
1970:Netto-uyoku
1887:Subcultures
1814:Kyōiku mama
1751: [
1535: [
1526:Gift-giving
582:27 November
410:7 September
261:Ohitorisama
3142:Wasei-eigo
3096:Categories
3031:Sexecology
2803:Casual sex
2762:Asexuality
2664:Androcracy
2544:Robert Bly
2504:By country
2424:Manosphere
2145:Kyariaūman
1908:Genderless
1773:Hikikomori
1556:Giri choco
1342:Aesthetics
1276:Omotenashi
939:4 December
824:2 February
501:「マイナビウーマン」
361:References
319:Hikikomori
294:Asexuality
115:baby fever
2970:Hypergamy
2890:Polyamory
2845:Free love
2749:phenomena
2643:Male rape
2509:Australia
2452:Movements
2242:Masculism
2177:Salaryman
2108:Ho-Ren-Sō
1997:Akiba-kei
1828:Otokonoko
1713:Burakumin
1463:Etiquette
1433:Wabi-sabi
1370:Jo-ha-kyū
1267:Nemawashi
1258:Mottainai
1169:Isagiyosa
934:artv.info
906:Routledge
760:20 August
625:: 29–43.
466:1369-1058
144:salarymen
111:maneaters
70:manliness
3009:See also
2954:Swinging
2924:Sex life
2880:Marriage
2850:Foreplay
2840:Flirting
2808:Celibacy
2737:sexology
2691:Category
2648:Misandry
2610:Violence
2403:Virility
2249:Concepts
2198:Zaibatsu
2136:Keiretsu
2033:Shotacon
2007:moe zoku
1979:Omorashi
1896:Bōsōzoku
1805:Jouhatsu
1731:Chūnibyō
1704:Bishōnen
1303:Tsundoku
1209:Fudōshin
1192:Kotodama
1100:Gekokujō
849:Archived
818:Archived
794:4 August
788:Archived
754:Archived
697:Archived
693:BBC News
667:Archived
482:23140116
474:23524971
401:Archived
384:(2013).
303:Bachelor
267:See also
225:In media
191:post-war
179:freeters
165:freeters
156:freeters
49:celibate
2184:Shinise
2127:Karoshi
2042:Reki-jo
2025:Lolicon
2016:Fujoshi
2004:Figure
1956:Visual
1924:Ganguro
1761:Freeter
1695:Bishōjo
1675:Sukeban
1646:Shizoku
1514:Manual
1476:Aizuchi
1294:Sontaku
1285:Shuhari
1236:Zanshin
1227:Shoshin
1133:tatemae
1081:Bushido
992:31 July
855:22 June
733:28 July
703:21 July
673:28 July
355:Soy boy
313:Freeter
259:(お一人様,
247:concert
30:草食(系)男子
2900:Female
2657:Sexism
2602:Issues
2537:People
2386:Sexual
2063:fandom
1951:Lolita
1933:Gyaruo
1856:Senpai
1847:Sensei
1796:Ikemen
1787:Iemoto
1722:Chikan
1666:Banchō
1655:Heimin
1637:Kazoku
1576:Kamiza
1490:Dogeza
1424:Shibui
1397:Miyabi
1379:Kawaii
1218:Mushin
1183:Kaizen
1151:Ikigai
1109:Hansei
1033:values
966:
912:
480:
472:
464:
96:肉食系の女性
2514:Italy
2474:India
2412:Other
2365:Crime
2099:Haken
1988:Otaku
1942:Kogal
1915:Gyaru
1862:kōhai
1755:]
1748:Ebune
1740:Denpa
1686:Bijin
1597:Seiza
1588:Agura
1565:Ninjō
1539:]
1517:keigo
1451:Yūgen
1312:Ukiyo
1127:Honne
577:(PDF)
470:JSTOR
404:(PDF)
389:(PDF)
325:Incel
243:Gackt
183:NEETs
113:with
45:Japan
2875:LGBT
2735:and
2060:Yaoi
2051:Wota
1859:and
1821:NEET
1780:Idol
1547:Giri
1532:Gimu
1442:Yabo
1352:Ensō
1248:Miai
1130:and
1093:Face
1058:Amae
1049:Aiki
994:2022
964:ISBN
941:2020
910:ISBN
883:2018
857:2020
826:2018
796:2017
762:2012
735:2012
705:2018
675:2012
584:2020
560:2022
534:2022
509:2022
478:PMID
462:ISSN
412:2017
335:NEET
296:and
181:and
76:and
1959:kei
1465:and
1406:Moe
1361:Iki
723:CNN
627:doi
454:doi
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