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their opponents were assembled. Detre, Macrinus, and all the available forces of the Roman army marched against them on the field of
Zeiselmauer. Both opponents attacked the opposing teams with equal fierceness. And the Huns wanted to die rather than retreat in the battle, according to Scythian custom they made a terrifying noise, they beat their drums and used every weapon against the enemy, but most of all their innumerable number of arrows. This caused the Roman troops to be confused, and so the Huns made a great slaughter among them. The morning began, and in a fierce battle which lasted until nine o'clock, the Roman army was defeated and put to flight with enormous loss.
1906:
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1997:
2033:
1806:
1866:
2045:
1612:
1945:
1834:
1596:
2314:
1985:
4005:
1933:
1644:
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2106:
2349:
776:
1778:
1973:
3239:
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2410:; in the process, he confronted the Celtic tribal alliance led by the Boii. Burebista's victory over the Celts led not only to the breakup of their tribal alliance, but also to the establishment of Dacian settlements in the southern parts of today's Slovakia. Burebista, however, fell victim to his political enemies, and his domain was divided into four parts.
887:(to not be confused with Ottoman Turks) cultures. The major improvement was obviously metalworking, but the Baden culture also brought about cremation and even long-distance trade with remote areas such as the Baltic or Iran. Turbulent changes during the late Bronze Age gave an end to the native, relatively advanced civilization, and the beginning of the
1303:. A second wave of "Gravettians" arrived during the warmer period that began about 20,000 years ago. They primarily made their tools from pebbles, similar to Lower Palaeolithic communities, but no continuity between the two groups can be detected. The remains of semi-sunken huts were excavated at a site on a hilltop near
1005:. Like the Huns, the Avars established an empire there and posed a significant threat to their neighbours but were eventually defeated by both neighbouring states and internal strife (around 800). However, Avar population remained quite steady until the Hungarian conquest. The territory became divided between
3137:
After the Huns, namely the
Hungarians experienced the bravery of the Romans and the way of their warefare, they reorganized their army, rushed the Transdanubian regions of Pannonia, took possession of them and they moved the people of their house here, then they moved towards the city of Tulln, where
2457:
The Roman Empire subdued the
Pannonians, Dacians, Celts and other peoples in this territory. The territory west of the Danube was conquered by the Roman Empire between 35 and 9 BC, and became a province of the Roman Empire under the name of Pannonia. The easternmost parts of present-day Hungary were
1361:
6200 and 4500 BCE. It originates in the spread of the
Neolithic package of peoples and technological innovations including farming and ceramics from Anatolia to the area of Sesklo. The Starčevo culture marks its spread to the inland Balkan peninsula as the Cardial ware culture did along the Adriatic
3262:
is a special archaeological composition of the early Avar period which cannot be traced back to the local culture of the Roman period. However, based on the excavations of Fenékpuszta, a group of finds such as a gold pin with the name BONOSA proving that some ethnic group of Romans remained there.
3249:
According to András Mócsy, it is not possible to prove whether the reconstruction of a church is to be attributed to barbarians or to remained Romans at the majority of places. The usage of
Christian cult-buildings after the 4th century does not prove the survival of the Pannonian cult-communities
2274:
and defeated the
Illyrian people who had been living there, but the Illyrians managed to assimilate the Celts, who adopted their language. In the 290s and 280s BC, the Celtic people who were migrating towards the Balkan Peninsula passed through Transdanubia but some of the tribes settled on the
3091:
from 379 onwards, the settlement of the Goth-Alan-Hun ally caused repeated serious crises and devastations, the contemporaries described it as a state of siege, Pannonia became an invasion corridor both in the north and in the south. The flight and emigration of the Romans began after two hard
1343:(or Beuronian) is an archaeological culture of the Mesolithic/Epipaleolithic period from northern France and Belgium. Similar cultures are known further east in Central Europe, parts of Britain and west across Spain, extending possibly to the nowadays North-Western Hungary.
2161:
gradually occupied the western parts of
Transdanubia, but the earlier population of the territory also survived and thus the two archaeological cultures existed together for centuries. The people of the Hallstatt culture took over the former population's fortifications
1271:. However, the existence of a distinct archaeological culture is not unanimously accepted by specialists, because most prehistoric tools from the eponymous Szeleta Cave (in the eastern side of the Bükk) are similar to those found in the Upper Palaeolithic sites of
1316:. About 15,000 years ago, new hunters came to the territory; their best-known settlements were situated in northeastern Transdanubia. A pendant made of wolf tooth, a pair of red deer teeth and similar finds suggest that these hunters wore ornaments.
934:, whose kingdom stretched as far as today's Slovakia at its greatest extent. However, the period of Dacian dominance did not last long, and by 9 BC the Romans had subjugated the entire area and made it into the Pannonia subprovince of province
1789:
1429:
is a
Neolithic archaeological culture of the Alföld plain in modern-day Hungary, Western Romania, Eastern Slovakia, and Ukrainian Zakarpattia Oblast in Central Europe. The culture is dated to between 5400 BCE and 4500/4400 BCE.
2406:. The sources do not indicate clearly whether Burebista was the original unifier of the Dacian tribes, or whether his efforts at unification built upon the work of his predecessors. Burebista subjugated the Taurisci and the
1307:
where reindeer bones were also found. The site also yielded a perforated (but not decorated) reindeer antler. In addition to permanent settlements, the
Gravettian hunters' temporary camps were unearthed in the plains of the
2020:
2152:
Scythian golden deer shield ornaments from the Iron Age 6th century BC found in
Hungary. Above, the Golden Deer of Zöldhalompuszta is 37 cm, making it the largest Scythian golden deer known. Below, the Golden Deer of
1299:. They primarily hunted mammoth and elk and used stone blades to work skin, bone, antler and wood. Artistic finds are rare; for instance, a disc with serrated edges, which was made of polished limestone, was found at
3083:
to settle Pannonia, which still was a Roman territory. The Visigoths, Alans, Vandals and most of the Quadi and Marcomanni, however, left this territory around 400, and moved on to western and southern Europe.
1564:
3345:
attacks, and above all by internal feuds, however Avar population remained in numbers until the arrival of Árpád's Magyars. From 800, the whole area of Pannonian Basin was under control between two powers
3332:
The nomadic Avars arrived from Asia in the 560s, utterly destroyed the Gepidi in the east, drove away the Lombards in the west, and subjugated the Slavs, partly assimilating them. The Avars established a
1219:
was the main prey of the Neanderthals of the Middle Palaeolothic sites in the Bükk Mountains. In addition to local stone, they used raw material from the White Carpathians and the region of the river
2391:, he referred to the Pannonic tribes, and not to the Scordisci, as masters of the region on his path; it appears, therefore, that around 70–60 BC, the Pannonic tribes were no longer subjugated.
1960:
1092:
basins with a diameter of 3–6 meters (9.8–19.7 ft) that the nearby warm springs had formed. The site at Vértesszőlős was occupied five times between about 500,000 and 250,000 years ago.The
2121:
commenced around 800 BC, when a new population moved into the territory and took possession of the former population's centers fortified by earthworks. The new population may have consisted of
1479:
is best known for its seventy cemeteries. Which show clear genetic links with the preceding Tiszapolgár culture. Bodrogkeresztúr cemetieres make clear distinctions between males and females.
3207:
The Gepidi (having lived to the east of the upper Tisza river since 260 AD) then moved into the eastern Carpathian Basin in 455. They ceased to exist in 567 when they were defeated by the
2545:
1893:
4309:
Adams, Brian (2009). "The Bükk Mountain Szeletian: Old and New Views on "Transitional" Material from the Eponymous Site of the Szeletian". In Camps, Marta; Chauhan, Parth R. (eds.).
2487:
The four centuries of Roman rule created an advanced and flourishing civilization. Many of the important cities of today's Hungary were founded during this period, such as Aquincum (
4465:
2364:
commenced their military raids in the Carpathian Basin in 156 BC when they attacked the Scordisci living in the Transdanubian region. In 119 BC, they marched against Siscia (today
3254:
and they continued to use the dilapidated churches, however so far (1974) this usage can be proved only at the "Basilica II" in the large fortified center at Fenékpuszta (part of
1881:
17:
1247:, red deer, reindeer and other local animals. Their tools made of stone suggest that they came to the Bükk Mountains from the northern Carpathians and the region of the Prut.
993:, the last of which stayed the longest and whose peoples incorporated into the Hunnic Empire. The next wave of migration during the 6th century saw other Germanic tribes, the
2569:
4475:
1821:
1627:
954:
were founded and the population romanized, and culture as a whole flourished. Roman emperors sometimes tolerated other tribes settling in the territory, such as the
3104:
ratified the cession of Pannonia by treaty in 433. The flight and emigration of the Romans from Pannonia continued without interruption until the invasion of the
1849:
1491:
is a neolithic archaeological culture that was first identified in eastern Slavonia in modern-day Croatia, and was since also found in several sites in Hungary.
1243:
group of modern humans who settled in the Istállóskő Cave primarily used tools made of bones and used the cave as a seasonal camping site during their hunts for
2769:
2601:
2148:
1920:
1239:. Consequently, the cohabitation of the Neanderthals and modern humans in the territory, which was assumed by earlier scholarship, cannot be proved. The
1366:
which gave rise to the central European Linear Pottery culture c. 700 years after the initial spread of Neolithic farmers towards the northern Balkans.
1287:" hunters penetrated into the territory from the west about 27,000 years ago. The central grasslands were not covered by ice even at the maximum of the
1114:
pebbles collected at the nearby river were also found, as well as a fireplace with hearths made from crushed animal bones, with remains of wild horses,
1684:) lends its name to a 3rd millennium BCE material culture (also known as the Makó-Caka or Kosihy-Caka culture) and other archaeological finds from the
3777:
1905:
1805:
1399:
2417:. The Romans, however, could strengthen their supremacy over the rebellious tribes and they organised the occupied territory into a new province.
2068:
2056:
297:
3111:
2008:
4484:
4213:
1414:. It was noted for dark-burnished pottery, and fuelling a population boom and producing some of the largest settlements in prehistoric Europe.
1223:. Archaeological research suggest that the Neanderthals disappeared from the northern regions of the Carpathian Basin around 40,000 years ago.
2675:
4085:
History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 – II. Transylvania in Prehistory and Antiquity – 3. The Roman Province of Dacia
2291:
and they extended their rule over the southern parts of Transdanubia. Around that time, the northern parts of Transdanubia were ruled by the
1363:
3108:. András Mócsy assumes that the largest Roman emigration was the earliest and the 5th and 6th centuries were a phase of gradual emigration.
2905:
804:
552:
392:
317:
3196:, created a significant empire in 423 based in Hungary. In 453 they reached the height of their expansion under the well-known conqueror,
2557:
2473:
officially allowed the Iazyges to settle there as confederates. The remaining territory was in Thracian (Dacian) hands. In addition, the
1996:
1865:
3325:. Around 530, the Germanic Lombards settled in Pannonia. They had to fight against the Gepidi and the Slavs. In 568, pushed out by the
825:
157:
4186:
Tóth, Sándor László (1998). Levediától a Kárpát-medencéig (From Levedia to the Carpathian Basin). Szeged: Szegedi Középkorász Műhely.
2328:
2303:
moved to the Carpathian Basin and they occupied the northern and northeastern parts of the territory (mainly the territory of present
1655:
1611:
904:
1643:
2413:
The period between 15 BC and 9 AD was characterized by the continuous uprisings of the Pannonians against the emerging power of the
915:, Iranian and later Celtic tribes. Before 100 BC, most of the area was occupied by various Celtic or celticized people, such as the
2594:
1595:
1580:
3064:. In 380, the Huns penetrated into present-day Hungary, and remained an important factor in the region well into the 5th century.
2032:
2044:
532:
2703:
2256:
4472:
3200:. The empire collapsed in 455, when the Huns were defeated by the neighbouring Germanic tribes (such as the Quadi, Gepidi and
2875:
1944:
202:
4087:. New York: Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences).
2379:
south of the Carpathian Basin. In 88 BC, the Romans defeated the Scordisci whose rule was driven back to the eastern parts of
4400:
4318:
4279:
4122:
3791:
1984:
1130:
There is a gap in the archaeological record, with no evidence of human presence between about 250,000 to 100,000 years ago.
382:
267:
4032:
Köpeczi, Béla (General Editor); Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Szász, Zoltán; Barta, Gábor (Assistant Editor), eds. (1994).
3759:
3377:
northwestern Hungary was conquered by Great Moravia. Pannonia remained under Frankish control until the Hungarian Conquest.
3317:
came to the region, almost certainly from the north, soon after the departure of the Ostrogoths (471 AD), together with the
2655:
2299:) had occupied gradually the whole territory of the Great Hungarian Plain. Between 150 and 100 BC, a new Celtic tribe, the
1833:
4499:
2587:
2484:, the material culture of the native population showed little sign of Romanization in the first 160 years of Roman rule.
442:
2313:
4368:
Makkai, László (1994). "Hungary before the Hungarian conquest". In Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter; Frank, Tibor (eds.).
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721:
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492:
357:
232:
192:
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4358:
4337:
4256:
4208:
4191:
4092:
4043:
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1755:
is often found at Ottomány sites and the people of this culture appear to have held a central part of the so-called "
1531:
has been found. The only known cemetery with individual graves was found in an early Baden ("Boleráz phase") site is
4347:
Kovács, Tibor; Tóth, István; Bálint, Csanád (1981). "Magyarország a honfoglalás előtt ". In Solymosi, László (ed.).
2951:
2895:
1410:
Farming technology first introduced to the region during the First Temperate Neolithic was developed further by the
2941:
2080:
1539:(centred in what is now Poland). The Baden culture is claimed by some scholars to have been an early example of an
974:
797:
222:
2579:
926:
The Roman era began with several attacks between 156 and 70 BC, but their gradual conquest was interrupted by the
2933:
2928:
2469:
between the 1st and 4th centuries AD, or even earlier (earliest remains have been dated to 80 BC). Roman Emperor
1972:
701:
2533:
829:
spans the time period before the Hungarian conquest in the 9th century of the territories that would become the
2730:
1536:
756:
716:
597:
462:
3809:
2521:
2086:
1044:
4504:
2860:
666:
347:
147:
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ancestry. However, as the time went on, the Carpathian Basin attracted immigration from all directions: the
2997:
2865:
2845:
2777:
1232:
849:
607:
412:
4203:
Kristó, Gyula (1996). Hungarian History in the Ninth Century. Szeged: Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. p. 229.
4139:
3709:
3246:
Roman influence in Pannonia had begun to decline as early as the arrival of the Huns in the 4th century.
1932:
1692:. There are more than 180 registered archaeological sites around Makó, the most important of which are at
2627:
790:
726:
711:
67:
47:
2956:
1165:
between around 100,000 and 40,000 BC used quartzite pebbles. They led hunting expeditions as far as the
2850:
2373:
2263:
tribe) may have moved to the southern territories of Transdanubia in the course of the 5th century BC.
1535:, in Komárom-Esztergom County, which also contained a few examples of goods possibly exported from the
935:
696:
242:
3742:
2915:
2515:). Christianity spread in Pannonia in the 4th century, when it became the empire's official religion.
1602:
1476:
1456:
973:
who by 430 had established a vast, if short-lived, dominion in Europe centered in the basin. Numerous
2900:
1856:
1190:
587:
482:
287:
277:
92:
4217:
2764:
2252:
in the Carpathian Basin and they maintained close commercial contacts with the neighboring peoples.
2840:
2817:
1777:
1464:
1460:
746:
627:
472:
3189:
in Hungary) with them. These events signified the decay of the Christian communities in Pannonia.
2660:
2636:
2122:
830:
736:
676:
562:
182:
2885:
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culture who used tools and weapons made of iron. They extended their rule over what are now the
3374:
3351:
2717:
2384:
1571:
1508:
1391:
1387:
1256:
1194:
1010:
865:
452:
4445:
4301:
4065:
3962:"Integrating Linguistic, Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives Unfold the Origin of Ugrians"
3897:
3306:
Later, Christian barbarians who migrated to the northern part of Lake Balaton established the
2992:
2880:
2870:
1618:
1452:
1283:
Attracted by the rich fauna of the lowlands in the centre of the Carpathian Basin, groups of "
3355:
2244:); while those who lived in what is now the Great Hungarian Plain may be identified with the
2202:
2138:
1760:
1540:
1020:
691:
1357:
is an archaeological culture of Southeastern Europe, dating to the Neolithic period between
911:
tribe gave the future Roman province its name, while the very east became occupied by other
864:
is marked by minimal or not-yet-processed archeological evidence, with the exception of the
3391:
3370:
2807:
2726:
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1586:
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841:
741:
402:
82:
36:
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4004:
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1077:
1049:
8:
3212:
3149:
3144:
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2462:(lasting until 271). The territory between the Danube and the Tisza was inhabited by the
1712:. In later phases, these sites contain very large numbers of objects associated with the
1504:
1449:
1288:
1065:
899:
Celts from the west were the first and most influential at around 750 BC, the mysterious
872:
761:
542:
212:
127:
4115:
Pannonia and Upper Moesia – A history of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire
4008: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
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that had seceded from the federation of the tribes living under the suzerainty of the
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decades in 401, this also caused a recession in secular and ecclesiastical life. The
3061:
2970:
2650:
2430:
2426:
2249:
2216:. Their immigration may have been connected either to the military campaigns of king
2158:
2130:
2110:
1763:
states to the south-eastern Baltic region. The Ottomány culture was succeeded by the
1728:
1689:
1672:
1264:
1212:
1174:
1166:
896:
876:
868:—the "garden type civilization" that introduced agriculture to the Carpathian Basin.
617:
502:
3169:
and to several other towns of Italy. Around 400, the inhabitants of Scarbantia (now
2240:(probably an ancient Thracian tribe whose presence on the territory was recorded by
1023:. This state lasted until the arrival of the Magyar tribes in the late 9th century.
3983:
3973:
3326:
3268:
3251:
3128:
3088:
3043:
3019:
2750:
2684:
2615:
2609:
2438:
1951:
1768:
1442:
1203:, was found at the site. A third group of Neanderthals settled in the caves of the
1119:
1073:
966:
661:
327:
28:
3373:
was founded in southwestern Hungary (under Frank suzerainty). During the reign of
2394:
Around 50 BC, the mainly Celtic tribes living on the territory were confronted by
1411:
4479:
4113:
Mócsy, András (1974). "The Beginning of the Dark Age". In Frere, Sheppard (ed.).
3334:
3284:
3105:
2965:
2910:
2795:
2786:
2758:
2698:
2500:
2171:
2118:
2100:
1911:
1872:
1764:
1709:
1708:, buckles, jewelry and equestrian equipment found near Makó may suggest links to
1520:
1291:(around 20,000 years ago). The new arrivals settled on hilltops along the rivers
1177:
and other animals. A Neanderthal community settled near the hot-water springs at
1143:
1107:
1002:
962:. Christianity spread during the 4th century, when it became the state religion.
892:
731:
432:
422:
307:
137:
35:. For the prehistory of the Magyar before they came to the Carpathian Basin, see
3263:
There are examples of sporadic Romans who had stayed behind in the 5th century,
2825:
1208:
4080:
3396:
3197:
3007:
3001:
2983:
2936:
2828:
2803:
2680:
2670:
2434:
2376:
1796:
1704:). While there is no consensus on the cultural affiliations of the Makó sites,
1512:
1272:
1150:
1093:
1053:
1017:
780:
3369:. Western Hungary (Pannonia) was a tributary to the Franks. In 839 the Slavic
3337:, just as the Huns had decades prior. This empire was destroyed around 800 by
3271:
and as an orphaned child he was sent to his uncle, Constantius, the Bishop of
2383:, while the Pannonians moved to the northern parts of Transdanubia. When King
4493:
3359:
2987:
2736:
2689:
2646:
2134:
1840:
1634:
1555:
1500:
1488:
1445:
1426:
1263:"—can be distinguished, which represents a transition between the Middle and
1178:
1103:
1057:
1014:
880:
32:
4214:"2500Ft – Hungarian History in the ninth Century – Hist?riaantik K?nyvesh?z"
2837:
1724:
1696:. The Makó culture is often regarded as a subset or offshoot of the broader
1532:
1459:
cultures. These cultures were part of the broader cultural complex known as
1395:
1001:
overpower the Gepidi, only to be ousted by another major nomadic tribe, the
3997:
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2187:
2142:
1685:
1340:
1309:
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1006:
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A Keszthely-kultúra kronológiai és etnikai hátterének újabb alternetívája
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2923:
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2105:
1304:
1240:
1204:
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857:
845:
2348:
1394:(called "Alföld Linear Pottery" in Hungary) in the east, developed into
1189:, wild horses and reed deer. A flat oval object made from mammoth tooth
751:
4117:. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. 339–358.
4033:
3295:
also took Romans along with them to Italy. The last emigration was the
3219:
3076:
3067:
Around the same time (379–395), the Roman Empire allowed the groups of
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2191:
2126:
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1752:
1528:
1324:
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began invading Europe from the eastern steppes, instigating the Great
2295:(also a Celtic tribe) and by 230 BC, Celtic people (the people of the
3868:
Magyarország történeti kronológiája – I. kötet: A kezdetektől 1526-ig
3255:
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settled on the upper Tisza in the second half of the 2nd century AD.
2395:
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and Gerecse Hills. They regularly visited the Bükk Mountains and the
1170:
1085:
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912:
908:
861:
4418:. Ministry of National Cultural Heritage, Teleki László Foundation.
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3115:
The depicted battle is the legendary Battle of Zeiselmauer when the
1292:
4148:] (in Hungarian). Translated by Horváth, János. Magyar Helikon.
3366:
3318:
3292:
3288:
3208:
3158:
3120:
3097:
2961:
2774:
2741:
2488:
2481:
2447:
2353:
2304:
2292:
2245:
1516:
1199:
994:
939:
900:
888:
844:, with scarce or nonexistent evidence of human presence until the
3342:
3192:
The Huns, taking advantage of the departure of the Goths, Quadi,
2474:
2466:
2407:
2399:
2388:
2369:
2221:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1701:
1244:
1182:
1115:
959:
955:
927:
637:
3729:"Prehistoric wagon models in the Carpathian Basin, 3500-1500 BC"
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3303:
to the today Croatian cost in the beginning of the 7th century.
3048:
2496:
2492:
2443:
2402:(82–44 BC), who began suddenly to expand his domain centered in
2271:
1677:
1161:
during this period. The Neanderthals who lived in the region of
1158:
947:
4460:
4175:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Land and Culture
3338:
3322:
3300:
3296:
3272:
3170:
2512:
2470:
2380:
2288:
2280:
2190:
covered by earth. Some of their settlements situated along the
2183:
2175:
1740:
1705:
1313:
1296:
998:
990:
951:
891:
saw mass immigration of Indo-European nomads believed to be of
117:
4349:
Magyarország történeti kronológiája, I: a kezdetektől 1526-ig
3354:). Around 800, northeastern Hungary became part of the Slavic
3222:
inhabited Pannonia, with Rome's consent, between 456 and 471.
1162:
3515:
3314:
3201:
3182:
3162:
3080:
3072:
3068:
2459:
2365:
2267:
2233:
2209:
2167:
1748:
1111:
986:
978:
1649:
Modern sculpture of a Baden culture wagon model, c. 3300 BC.
3276:
3166:
3116:
3093:
3057:
2300:
2284:
2208:
Between 550 and 500 BC, new people settled along the river
1470:
1220:
1216:
1089:
970:
943:
920:
97:
4473:
A History of Hungary- By the Hungarian Ministry of Tourism
2178:) but they also built new ones enclosed with earthworks (
4247:
The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe
2026:
Bronze fitting from a ceremonial wagon, Urnfield culture
1390:
culture in Transdanubia and the Satu-Mare (Szatmar) and
4031:
3638:
3636:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3365:
Also, after 800, southeastern Hungary was conquered by
1267:
and was featured by leaf-shaped spearheads from around
3953:
3648:
3564:
3539:
3537:
3310:, which disappeared by the middle of the 7th century.
3275:
in today Germany. Later, Saint Leonianus travelled to
3173:
in Hungary) fled from the invasion of the barbarians "
2270:
tribes immigrated to the territories around the river
1153:
around 100,000 years ago. Remains of skulls show that
1068:
which yielded evidence of human presence—human bones,
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3554:
3552:
3453:
1731:
culture (circa 2100–1400 BC) stretching from eastern
1334:
1226:
1142:
sites are dated to the transitory period between the
1036:
942:. Under Roman rule, many contemporary cities such as
4272:
The Oxford Illustrated History of Prehistoric Europe
3633:
3616:
3505:
3503:
3488:
3476:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
1327:
sites are rare but start to appear after systematic
1231:
Latest research shows that the first communities of
1133:
4416:
Hungarian Archaeology at the Turn of the Millennium
3534:
2224:or to the struggles between the Cimmerians and the
1433:
4388:
4330:Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary
4244:
3677:
3660:
3597:
3576:
3549:
2551:Restored section of the Roman aqueduct at Aquincum
2458:later (106 AD) organized as the Roman province of
88:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest
4353:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 13–52.
3710:"Ritual and Memory: Neolithic Era and Copper Age"
3500:
3430:
3409:
1346:
4491:
4466:History of Hungary before the Hungarian conquest
4346:
3528:
18:History of Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest
2248:. The new population introduced the use of the
1417:
1381:
1369:
3165:and remains of Pannonian martyrs with them to
2387:made plans to attack the Romans by way of the
2372:) and strengthened their rule over the future
1751:exported on prehistoric trade routes from the
1494:
1405:
2595:
2074:Ceramic shoe-shaped vessels, Urnfield culture
1990:Large bronze poppy-head pin, Urnfield culture
1966:Bronze cauldron, Urnfield culture, c. 1000 BC
1118:, bisons, red deer, deer, wolves, bears, and
798:
3814:Institute for the Study of the Ancient World
3796:Institute for the Study of the Ancient World
3764:Institute for the Study of the Ancient World
3714:Institute for the Study of the Ancient World
1978:Bronze situla, Urnfield culture, c. 1000 BC.
1157:inhabited northeastern Transdanubia and the
27:This article is about the prehistory of the
2279:(a Celtic tribe), who had been defeated at
2002:Bronze swords, Urnfield culture, c. 1200 BC
1759:", which connected the powerful and rising
919:of the Halstatt culture, the Taurisci, the
4372:. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–7.
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
3927:
3870:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 350.
3778:"Hajdúsámson sword, Hungary, 1700-1600 BC"
3087:The Pannonian provinces suffered from the
2602:
2588:
2283:, settled at the confluence of the rivers
1482:
1374:Neolithic settlement begins with the Criş-
969:, the Carpathian Basin was settled by the
805:
791:
3987:
3977:
3936:The History of Hungary - From 895 to 1301
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3250:because the Goths and other peoples were
1710:nomads migrating from the Eurasian steppe
1589:, Linear Pottery culture, c. 5500-4500 BC
1215:to collect raw material for their tools.
4265:
4242:
4137:
4108:
4106:
4104:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3654:
3570:
3459:
3237:
3229:
3110:
3047:
2442:
2347:
2147:
2104:
2050:Bronze spiral armbands, Urnfield culture
1827:Bronze axe, Ottomány culture, c. 1500 BC
1471:Bodrogkeresztúr culture 4000 to 3600 BC.
1043:
4327:
4016:
3866:Benda, Kálmán (General Editor) (1981).
3494:
1255:According to a scholarly view, a local
1048:Entrance to the archaeological site of
852:arrived at the Carpathian Basin before
14:
4492:
4386:
4367:
4158:
4081:"The Population: Dacians and Settlers"
3931:
3904:
3726:
3543:
3161:. The emigrating Romans tooks several
1362:coastline. It forms part of the wider
4311:Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions
4308:
4112:
4101:
3959:
3865:
3820:
3642:
3627:
2583:
2014:Urnfield period warrior, illustration
1278:
1235:came to the Carpathian Basin between
1125:
840:The first known traces belong to the
4409:
4078:
3696:
3671:
3610:
3591:
3558:
3509:
3482:
3472:Ottomány culture#Collapse and legacy
3447:
3424:
2911:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2420:
2228:. Those people, who settled down in
1515:. In Hungarian and Slovakian sites,
879:, three significant groups were the
3225:
3181:, the martyr bishop of Sescia (now
3177:" to Italy, and took the relics of
3157:Bishop Amantius fled around 400 to
3037:
2194:developed into commercial centers.
2038:Various artefacts, Urnfield culture
1519:human remains were often placed in
1378:, carbon-dated to around 6200 BC.
1335:Tardenoisian culture, 9000–4000 BC
1331:, especially in the Jászság area.
1110:were found. Tools of quartzite and
24:
3934:Magyarország története - 895-1301
3329:, they moved into northern Italy.
2851:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
1250:
1227:Istállóskő Cave, Aurignacian group
25:
4516:
4454:
3939:. Budapest: Osiris. p. 316.
2787:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2275:territory. Following 279 BC, the
2062:Bronze oil lamp, Urnfield culture
1134:Middle Palaeolithic, Neanderthals
1013:with the northeastern part under
977:lived alongside them such as the
443:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen
4459:
4003:
3810:"Bird-shaped lamp, 1200-900 BCE"
3096:control gradually expanded over
2976:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2718:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2568:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2520:
2480:Like in the other provinces, in
2327:
2312:
2205:between the 7th–6th century BC.
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1904:
1899:Bronze necklace, Tumulus culture
1892:
1887:Bronze bracelet, Tumulus culture
1880:
1864:
1848:
1832:
1820:
1804:
1788:
1776:
1654:
1642:
1626:
1610:
1594:
1579:
1563:
1548:
1319:
1088:site was situated in calcareous
774:
66:
4197:
4180:
4167:
4152:
4131:
4072:
3802:
3784:
3770:
3752:
3735:
3720:
3702:
3185:in Croatia), from Savaria (now
2186:). The nobility were buried in
4395:. Cambridge University Press.
4332:. Atlantisz Publishing House.
4313:. Springer. pp. 427–440.
3529:Kovács, Tóth & Bálint 1981
3465:
2113:(Sopron group), 7th century BC
1537:Stroke-ornamented ware culture
1347:Starčevo culturem 6200–4500 BC
1181:around 50,000 BC. They hunted
13:
1:
4485:Hungary Before the Hungarians
4038:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
3960:Török, Tibor (26 June 2023).
3402:
2236:, may be identified with the
2157:Around 750 BC, people of the
2133:and formed the people of the
2117:In the Carpathian Basin, the
1666:
1386:In the Middle Neolithic, the
1026:
383:Rákóczi's War of Independence
348:Principality of Upper Hungary
148:Hungarian invasions of Europe
4391:A Concise History of Hungary
3358:, which then became part of
2575:Governors palace of Aquincum
2343:
1558:ceramic altar, 5300-5200 BC.
1382:Linear Pottery, 5500–4500 BC
1370:Criş-Körös culture, ~6200 BC
1031:
393:Principality of Transylvania
318:Principality of Transylvania
7:
4274:. Oxford University Press.
4146:Chronicle of the Hungarians
3380:
3287:emigrated from Pannonia to
2094:
1783:Bronze dagger, 2000-1800 BC
1723:(also known as the Otomani-
1495:Baden Culture, 3600–2800 BC
1406:Vinča culture ~5400–4500 BC
1364:Starčevo–Körös–Criş culture
598:Hungarian People's Republic
533:Governorate of Subcarpathia
473:Hungarian People's Republic
203:Personal union with Croatia
10:
4521:
4500:Hungary before the Magyars
4235:
3041:
2424:
2201:culture spread across the
2098:
1670:
1661:Copper axes, Baden culture
1233:anatomically modern humans
1072:and kitchen refuse—in the
965:In the first years of the
850:Anatomically modern humans
848:around 100,000 years ago.
223:Mongol invasion of Hungary
31:before the arrival of the
26:
4243:Gimbutas, Marija (1991).
2623:
2220:(522 BC – 486 BC) on the
2141:and the eastern parts of
2089:fortified settlement site
1857:Encrusted Pottery culture
1402:and Bükk, respectively.
588:Second Hungarian Republic
483:Hungarian Soviet Republic
433:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
288:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
4328:Kontler, László (1999).
4251:. Harper San Francisco.
4177:ABC-CLIO Ltd (2004) p288
4138:Thuróczy, János (1918).
3265:Saint Anthony the Hermit
2385:Mithridates VI of Pontus
1938:Various Bronze Age finds
1926:Various Bronze Age finds
1811:Hajdúsámson-type sword,
1570:Anthropomorphic vessel,
628:Third Hungarian Republic
4387:Molnár, Miklós (2001).
4035:History of Transylvania
3056:In 375 AD, the nomadic
2319:Celtic iron artefacts,
2266:In the 4th century BC,
1914:burials, museum diorama
1603:Bodrogkeresztúr culture
1483:Sopot culture, ~5000 BC
1477:Bodrogkeresztúr culture
1102:, who is now known as "
860:group. The rest of the
831:Principality of Hungary
677:History of Transylvania
183:Principality of Hungary
4159:Straub, Péter (1999).
3932:Kristó, Gyula (1998).
3727:Bondar, Maria (2012).
3352:First Bulgarian Empire
3243:
3235:
3155:
3132:
3100:from 410, finally the
3053:
2833:Late Antique/Medieval)
2676:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2454:
2357:
2154:
2123:ancient Iranian tribes
2114:
2087:Százhalombatta-Földvár
1795:Amber and gold hoard,
1637:, c. 4th millennium BC
1572:Linear Pottery culture
1509:archaeological culture
1392:Eastern Linear pottery
1388:Western Linear Pottery
1257:archaeological culture
1195:Indigenous Australians
1061:
1011:First Bulgarian Empire
866:Linear Pottery culture
4468:at Wikimedia Commons
3979:10.3390/genes14071345
3356:Principality of Nitra
3285:Saint Martin of Braga
3241:
3233:
3134:
3114:
3051:
2618:in modern territories
2563:Aquincum amphitheatre
2446:
2351:
2203:Great Hungarian Plain
2151:
2139:Great Hungarian Plain
2108:
1761:ancient Mediterranean
1541:Indo-European culture
1047:
1021:Principality of Nitra
702:Transylvanian Princes
553:Revisions of Délvidék
338:Wesselényi conspiracy
118:Kingdom of the Gepids
4505:Hungarian prehistory
4370:A History of Hungary
4173:Frucht, Richard C.,
4141:A magyarok krónikája
4079:Tóth, Endre (2001).
4062:|editor1-first=
3816:. 21 September 2022.
3392:Hungarian prehistory
3371:Balaton Principality
3234:The Avars around 650
1448:was followed by the
1237:33,000 and 28,000 BC
1099:Homo heidelbergensis
1039:Homo heidelbergensis
923:and the Pannonians.
856:and belonged to the
842:Homo heidelbergensis
403:Hungarian Reform Era
83:Hungarian prehistory
37:Hungarian prehistory
3760:"Hajdúsámson hoard"
3175:incursio barbarorum
3150:Chronica Hungarorum
2808:Sardinia (Classical
2681:Bulgaria (Classical
1619:Tiszapolgar culture
1587:Neolithic longhouse
1543:in Central Europe.
1465:Danube civilization
1435:Tiszapolgár culture
1140:Middle Palaeolithic
1066:archaeological site
903:around 500 BC, the
883:, the Makó and the
543:Second Vienna Award
128:Ostrogothic Kingdom
4478:2006-03-18 at the
4444:has generic name (
4300:has generic name (
4064:has generic name (
3896:has generic name (
3387:History of Hungary
3279:from Savaria (now
3244:
3236:
3133:
3054:
2727:Corsica (Classical
2647:Armenia (Classical
2628:Albania (Classical
2511:) and Scarbantia (
2455:
2358:
2218:Darius I of Persia
2155:
2115:
1680:(a town in modern
1617:Copper ornaments,
1279:Gravettian hunters
1265:Upper Palaeolithic
1126:Gap in the records
1120:saber-toothed cats
1086:Middle Pleistocene
1084:in the 1960s. The
1062:
835:Kingdom of Hungary
826:Hungarian conquest
820:history of Hungary
781:Hungary portal
682:Hungarian language
672:History of Hungary
608:Revolution of 1956
523:First Vienna Award
513:Kingdom of Hungary
493:Hungarian Republic
413:Revolution of 1848
358:Kingdom of Hungary
233:Kingdom of Hungary
193:Kingdom of Hungary
158:Hungarian conquest
4464:Media related to
4412:(Editor-in-Chief)
4402:978-0-521-66736-4
4320:978-0-387-76487-0
4281:978-0-19-285441-4
4124:978-0-415-74582-6
3743:"Bronzkor, p.139"
3485:, pp. 78–79.
3308:Keszthely Culture
3260:Keszthely culture
3258:in Hungary). The
3242:Europe around 800
3145:Johannes Thuróczy
3062:Age of Migrations
3034:
3033:
3016:Thrace (Classical
3008:Turkey (Classical
2800:Sicily (Classical
2747:Greece (Classical
2709:Cyprus (Classical
2695:Crimea (Classical
2690:Britain (England)
2539:Ruins of Aquincum
2527:Ruins of Aquincum
2450:provinces in the
2431:Pannonia Inferior
2427:Pannonia Superior
2421:Pannonia province
2159:Hallstatt culture
2153:Tapiószentmárton.
2131:equestrian nomads
2111:Hallstatt culture
1912:Middle Bronze Age
1875:, 15th century BC
1799:, 18th century BC
1673:Bronze Age Europe
1605:, c. 4000-3600 BC
1574:, c. 5400-4500 BC
1525:Nitriansky Hrádok
1523:urns, whereas in
1213:White Carpathians
1193:, similar to the
1175:woolly rhinoceros
1106:", and a child's
1096:of an adult male
1076:was excavated at
940:Pannonia province
815:
814:
646:
645:
618:Goulash Communism
571:
570:
503:Treaty of Trianon
366:
365:
251:
250:
166:
165:
16:(Redirected from
4512:
4463:
4449:
4443:
4439:
4437:
4429:
4406:
4394:
4383:
4364:
4343:
4324:
4305:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4285:
4266:Cunliffe, Barry
4262:
4250:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4216:. Archived from
4201:
4195:
4184:
4178:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4110:
4099:
4098:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4049:
4029:
4014:
4007:
4001:
3991:
3981:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3929:
3902:
3901:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3881:
3863:
3818:
3817:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3675:
3669:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3631:
3625:
3614:
3608:
3595:
3589:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3547:
3541:
3532:
3526:
3513:
3507:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3428:
3422:
3269:Pannonia Valeria
3252:Arian Christians
3226:After the Romans
3163:Christian relics
3153:
3129:Chronicon Pictum
3089:Migration Period
3044:Migration Period
3038:Migration period
2962:Spain (Classical
2792:Italy (Classical
2755:Crete (Classical
2616:Byzantine Empire
2604:
2597:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2560:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2439:Pannonia Valeria
2389:Balkan Peninsula
2331:
2316:
2222:Balkan Peninsula
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1952:Urnfield culture
1947:
1935:
1923:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1871:Gold jewellery,
1868:
1855:Gold jewellery,
1852:
1836:
1824:
1813:Ottomány culture
1808:
1792:
1780:
1769:Urnfield culture
1727:culture) was a
1721:Ottomány culture
1658:
1646:
1633:Ceramic vessel,
1630:
1614:
1598:
1583:
1567:
1552:
1354:Starčevo culture
1270:
1238:
1074:Carpathian Basin
967:Age of Migration
855:
807:
800:
793:
779:
778:
777:
584:
583:
379:
378:
328:Bocskai uprising
264:
263:
179:
178:
114:
113:
70:
60:
42:
41:
29:Carpathian Basin
21:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4490:
4489:
4480:Wayback Machine
4457:
4452:
4441:
4440:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4403:
4380:
4361:
4340:
4321:
4297:
4296:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4259:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4223:
4221:
4212:
4202:
4198:
4185:
4181:
4172:
4168:
4163:. Zalai Múzeum.
4157:
4153:
4136:
4132:
4125:
4111:
4102:
4095:
4077:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4030:
4017:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3930:
3905:
3893:
3892:
3883:
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3405:
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3046:
3040:
3035:
3030:
2988:Early Medieval)
2901:The Netherlands
2812:Early Medieval)
2731:Early Medieval)
2619:
2610:History of the
2608:
2576:
2573:
2564:
2561:
2552:
2549:
2540:
2537:
2528:
2525:
2441:
2425:Main articles:
2423:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2323:
2321:La Tène culture
2317:
2297:La Tène culture
2103:
2101:Iron Age Europe
2097:
2090:
2084:
2075:
2072:
2063:
2060:
2051:
2048:
2039:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2015:
2012:
2003:
2000:
1991:
1988:
1979:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1950:Bronze diadem,
1948:
1939:
1936:
1927:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1900:
1897:
1888:
1885:
1876:
1873:Tumulus culture
1869:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1837:
1828:
1825:
1816:
1815:, 1700-1600 BC.
1809:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1781:
1765:Tumulus culture
1698:Vučedol culture
1682:Csongrád County
1675:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1521:anthropomorphic
1507:(Chalcolithic)
1497:
1485:
1473:
1457:Bodrogkeresztúr
1439:
1423:
1418:Tisza culture,
1408:
1398:(Slovakia) and
1384:
1372:
1349:
1337:
1322:
1301:Bodrogkeresztúr
1289:last glaciation
1281:
1268:
1261:Szeleta culture
1253:
1251:Szelete culture
1236:
1229:
1173:, wild horses,
1151:glacial periods
1136:
1128:
1042:
1034:
1029:
975:Germanic tribes
938:and eventually
893:ancient Iranian
853:
811:
775:
773:
768:
767:
766:
697:Hungarian Kings
656:
648:
647:
632:1989–2012
622:1956–1989
602:1949–1989
592:1946–1949
581:
573:
572:
567:1941–1945
537:1939–1945
517:1920–1946
497:1919–1920
477:1918–1919
467:1918–1941
463:Interwar period
457:1914–1918
447:1867–1918
437:1867–1918
423:Hungarian State
417:1848–1849
407:1825–1848
397:1711–1867
387:1703–1711
376:
368:
367:
362:1699–1867
352:1682–1685
342:1664–1671
332:1604–1606
322:1570–1711
312:1541–1699
308:Ottoman Hungary
302:1526–1699
292:1526–1570
282:1526–1699
261:
253:
252:
247:1366–1526
237:1301–1526
227:1241–1242
207:1102–1918
197:1000–1301
176:
168:
167:
111:
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102:
78:
58:
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40:
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22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4518:
4508:
4507:
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4488:
4487:
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4456:
4455:External links
4453:
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4338:
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3645:, p. 436.
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3397:Seuso Treasure
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3382:
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3227:
3224:
3198:Attila the Hun
3141:
3039:
3036:
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3002:Roman Carthage
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2685:High Medieval)
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2519:
2435:Pannonia Prima
2422:
2419:
2398:, king of the
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2311:
2250:potter's wheel
2096:
2093:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2006:
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1839:Gold armband,
1838:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1797:Hatvan culture
1794:
1787:
1785:
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1775:
1668:
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1513:Central Europe
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1380:
1371:
1368:
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1321:
1318:
1280:
1277:
1273:Central Europe
1252:
1249:
1228:
1225:
1159:Bükk Mountains
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1094:occipital bone
1054:occipital bone
1041:
1037:Vértesszőlős,
1035:
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1028:
1025:
813:
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187:895–1000
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152:~800–970
150:
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110:Early medieval
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4425:963-86291-8-5
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4379:963-7081-01-1
4375:
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4269:
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4258:9780062503688
4254:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4240:
4220:on 2011-07-21
4219:
4215:
4210:
4209:963-482-113-8
4206:
4200:
4193:
4192:963-482-175-8
4189:
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4105:
4096:
4094:0-88033-479-7
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4067:
4055:
4047:
4045:963-05-6703-2
4041:
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4036:
4028:
4026:
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4013:
4011:
4006:
3999:
3995:
3990:
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3705:
3699:, p. 88.
3698:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3674:, p. 87.
3673:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3657:, p. 43.
3656:
3655:Cunliffe 1997
3651:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3613:, p. 83.
3612:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3594:, p. 82.
3593:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3573:, p. 25.
3572:
3571:Cunliffe 1997
3567:
3561:, p. 80.
3560:
3555:
3553:
3546:, p. 21.
3545:
3540:
3538:
3531:, p. 13.
3530:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3512:, p. 79.
3511:
3506:
3504:
3497:, p. 21.
3496:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3468:
3462:, p. 38.
3461:
3460:Gimbutas 1991
3456:
3450:, p. 84.
3449:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3427:, p. 81.
3426:
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3417:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
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3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3360:Great Moravia
3357:
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3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3309:
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3290:
3286:
3283:in Hungary),
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3223:
3221:
3218:The Germanic
3216:
3215:(see below).
3214:
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3205:
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3090:
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3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3052:Europe in 526
3050:
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3027:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2982:
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2966:Late Antique)
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2861:Liechtenstein
2859:
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2677:
2674:
2672:
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2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Late Antique)
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2600:
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2593:
2591:
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2585:
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2566:
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2554:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2495:), Arrabona (
2494:
2491:), Sopianae (
2490:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2453:
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2409:
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2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2337:
2334:Remains of a
2330:
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2310:
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2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2188:chamber tombs
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
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2146:
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2140:
2136:
2132:
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2112:
2107:
2102:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1841:Vatya culture
1835:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:to southeast
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:, centred on
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1635:Baden culture
1629:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1556:Tisza culture
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:Baden culture
1492:
1490:
1489:Sopot culture
1480:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:Tisza culture
1444:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1427:Tisza culture
1421:
1420:~5400–4500 BC
1415:
1413:
1412:Vinča culture
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1376:Körös culture
1367:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1344:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:Mesolitic Age
1317:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1262:
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1224:
1222:
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1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:Gerecse Hills
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:The earliest
1131:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
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984:
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836:
832:
828:
827:
822:
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789:
788:
786:
785:
782:
772:
771:
763:
760:
758:
755:
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748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:Árpád dynasty
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
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651:
641:
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631:
629:
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621:
619:
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609:
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541:
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510:
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335:
331:
329:
326:
325:
321:
319:
316:
315:
311:
309:
306:
305:
301:
299:
298:Royal Hungary
296:
295:
291:
289:
286:
285:
281:
279:
276:
275:
271:
269:
266:
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257:
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206:
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196:
194:
191:
190:
186:
184:
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180:
172:
171:
162:862–895
161:
159:
156:
155:
151:
149:
146:
145:
142:567–822
141:
139:
136:
135:
132:469–553
131:
129:
126:
125:
122:454–567
121:
119:
116:
115:
107:
106:
99:
98:Hunnic Empire
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
77:Early history
74:
73:
69:
65:
64:
61:
55:
54:
49:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:Magyar tribes
30:
19:
4458:
4442:|first=
4415:
4411:
4410:Visy, Zsolt
4390:
4369:
4351:
4348:
4329:
4310:
4298:|first=
4271:
4267:
4246:
4222:. Retrieved
4218:the original
4199:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4160:
4154:
4145:
4140:
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4114:
4084:
4074:
4034:
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3969:
3965:
3955:
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3933:
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3867:
3813:
3804:
3795:
3786:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3737:
3722:
3713:
3704:
3650:
3566:
3495:Kontler 1999
3490:
3478:
3467:
3455:
3364:
3348:East Francia
3335:large empire
3331:
3312:
3305:
3267:was born in
3248:
3245:
3217:
3206:
3193:
3191:
3174:
3156:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3102:Roman Empire
3086:
3066:
3055:
2981:Vatican City
2934:Saudi Arabia
2906:North Africa
2507:), Savaria (
2486:
2479:
2456:
2452:Roman Empire
2415:Roman Empire
2412:
2404:Transylvania
2393:
2359:
2336:burial mound
2265:
2254:
2230:Transylvania
2214:Transylvania
2207:
2197:The classic
2196:
2179:
2163:
2156:
2143:Transdanubia
2129:. They were
2116:
1954:, c. 1200 BC
1859:, c. 1500 BC
1843:, c. 1500 BC
1743:and western
1735:and western
1718:
1676:
1621:, c. 4000 BC
1498:
1486:
1474:
1440:
1437:4500–4000 BC
1434:
1424:
1419:
1409:
1385:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1341:Tardenoisian
1338:
1323:
1282:
1254:
1230:
1198:
1155:Neanderthals
1137:
1129:
1097:
1082:Transdanubia
1078:Vértesszőlős
1070:pebble tools
1063:
1060:" was found.
1050:Vértesszőlős
1038:
1007:East Francia
964:
925:
870:
846:Neanderthals
839:
823:
818:
816:
737:Coat of arms
722:Christianity
717:List of Wars
580:Contemporary
563:World War II
278:Ottoman Wars
260:Early modern
243:Ottoman Wars
87:
3972:(7): 1345.
3544:Makkai 1994
3375:Svatopluk I
3281:Szombathely
3187:Szombathely
2971:Switzerland
2937:(Classical)
2919:(Classical)
2841:(Classical)
2821:(Classical)
2509:Szombathely
2232:and in the
1690:Bronze Ages
1601:Gold idol,
1453:Tiszapolgár
1312:and around
1241:Aurignacian
1064:The oldest
877:Bronze Ages
871:During the
858:Aurignacian
824:before the
453:World War I
375:Late modern
268:Reformation
213:Golden Bull
57:History of
4494:Categories
4224:2010-10-06
3643:Adams 2009
3628:Adams 2009
3403:References
3313:The first
3220:Ostrogoths
3119:conquered
3077:Marcomanni
3042:See also:
2984:(Classical
2929:San Marino
2891:Montenegro
2866:Luxembourg
2829:(Classical
2778:(Classical
2656:Azerbaijan
2356:, Budapest
2257:Pannonians
2192:Amber Road
2172:Celldömölk
2127:Cimmerians
2099:See also:
1757:Amber Road
1729:Bronze Age
1725:Füzesabony
1714:Sarmatians
1671:See also:
1667:Bronze Age
1533:Pilismarót
1529:mass grave
1505:Copper Age
1461:Old Europe
1450:Eneolithic
1396:Želiezovce
1325:Mesolithic
1285:Gravettian
1187:brown bear
1171:cave bears
1108:milk tooth
1052:where the
1027:Prehistory
983:Marcomanni
905:Pannonians
742:Literature
692:Holy Crown
662:Hungarians
642:since 2012
4434:cite book
4290:cite book
4054:cite book
4010:CC BY 4.0
3886:cite book
3697:Visy 2003
3672:Visy 2003
3611:Visy 2003
3592:Visy 2003
3559:Visy 2003
3510:Visy 2003
3483:Visy 2003
3448:Visy 2003
3425:Visy 2003
3256:Keszthely
3123:from the
3020:Medieval)
3012:Medieval)
2876:Macedonia
2804:Medieval)
2796:Medieval)
2782:Medieval)
2759:Medieval)
2751:Medieval)
2713:Medieval)
2699:Medieval)
2632:Medieval)
2505:Esztergom
2464:Sarmatian
2448:Pannonian
2396:Burebista
2374:Illyricum
2352:Ruins of
2344:Roman era
2277:Scordisci
2242:Herodotus
2238:Agathyrsi
2226:Scythians
2109:Pottery,
1694:Kiszombor
1511:found in
1443:Neolithic
1441:The Late
1400:Szakálhát
1269:32,000 BC
1197:' ritual
1032:Stone Age
936:Illyricum
932:Burebista
917:successor
897:Hallstatt
862:Stone Age
854:30,000 BC
4476:Archived
4414:(2003).
4270:(1997).
4268:(Editor)
4012:license.
3998:37510249
3989:10379071
3792:"Situla"
3381:See also
3367:Bulgaria
3362:in 833.
3339:Frankish
3319:Lombards
3297:Syrmians
3293:Lombards
3289:Hispania
3209:Lombards
3179:Quirinus
3159:Aquileia
3142:—
3121:Pannonia
3098:Pannonia
3075:, Huns,
2957:Slovenia
2952:Slovakia
2942:Scotland
2916:Portugal
2765:Guernsey
2489:Budapest
2482:Pannonia
2377:province
2354:Aquincum
2338:, 500 BC
2305:Slovakia
2293:Taurisci
2261:Illyrian
2246:Sigynnae
2199:Scythian
2135:Mezőcsát
2119:Iron Age
2095:Iron Age
1517:cremated
1200:tjurunga
1185:calves,
1015:Moravian
995:Lombards
913:Thracian
909:Illyrian
901:Sigynnae
889:Iron Age
885:Ottomány
833:and the
762:Budapest
752:Székelys
712:Military
707:Nobility
667:Timeline
175:Medieval
48:a series
46:Part of
4236:Sources
3798:. 2022.
3766:. 2022.
3716:. 2022.
3323:Herulis
3131:, 1358)
2998:Tunisia
2993:Ukraine
2924:Romania
2896:Morocco
2881:Moldova
2770:Hungary
2742:Germany
2737:Georgia
2704:Croatia
2671:Belgium
2666:Balkans
2661:Austria
2642:Andorra
2637:Algeria
2475:Vandals
2467:Iazyges
2400:Dacians
2370:Croatia
2212:and in
1745:Ukraine
1737:Romania
1733:Hungary
1706:kurgans
1702:Vukovar
1463:or the
1329:surveys
1310:Jászság
1245:chamois
1191:lamella
1183:mammoth
1116:aurochs
960:Vandals
956:Iazyges
727:Economy
638:Hungary
59:Hungary
4422:
4399:
4376:
4357:
4336:
4317:
4278:
4255:
4207:
4190:
4121:
4091:
4042:
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3986:
3943:
3874:
3343:Bulgar
3301:Salona
3291:. The
3273:Lorsch
3194:et al.
3171:Sopron
3125:Romans
2947:Serbia
2886:Monaco
2846:Kuwait
2838:Kosovo
2826:Jordan
2818:Jersey
2723:France
2513:Sopron
2471:Trajan
2437:, and
2408:Anarti
2381:Syrmia
2362:Romans
2289:Danube
2281:Delphi
2268:Celtic
2184:Sopron
2176:Tihany
1753:Baltic
1741:Poland
1686:Copper
1503:was a
1314:Szeged
1305:Sárvár
1297:Bodrog
1293:Hornád
1259:—the "
1209:Vértes
1018:Slavic
999:Heruli
991:Gepidi
952:Sopron
928:Dacian
873:Copper
655:Topics
50:on the
4144:[
3966:Genes
3746:(PDF)
3327:Avars
3315:Slavs
3213:Avars
3202:Sciri
3183:Sisak
3106:Avars
3081:Quadi
3073:Alans
3069:Goths
3026:Wales
2871:Malta
2856:Libya
2612:Roman
2501:Solva
2460:Dacia
2366:Sisak
2234:Banat
2210:Tisza
2182:, in
2168:Velem
2166:, in
1749:Amber
1205:Pilis
1112:silex
1003:Avars
987:Quadi
979:Goths
930:king
881:Baden
747:Music
4446:help
4420:ISBN
4397:ISBN
4374:ISBN
4355:ISBN
4334:ISBN
4315:ISBN
4302:help
4276:ISBN
4253:ISBN
4205:ISBN
4188:ISBN
4119:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4066:help
4040:ISBN
3994:PMID
3941:ISBN
3898:help
3872:ISBN
3350:and
3341:and
3321:and
3277:Gaul
3211:and
3167:Rome
3117:Huns
3079:and
3058:Huns
2775:Iraq
2614:and
2497:Győr
2493:Pécs
2360:The
2301:Boii
2287:and
2285:Sava
2272:Rába
2259:(an
2255:The
2180:e.g.
2164:e.g.
1767:and
1719:The
1678:Makó
1527:, a
1499:The
1487:The
1475:The
1455:and
1425:The
1351:The
1339:The
1295:and
1221:Prut
1217:Ibex
1179:Tata
1169:for
1148:Würm
1146:and
1144:Riss
1104:Samu
1090:tuff
1058:Samu
1056:of "
1009:and
997:and
971:Huns
950:and
948:Győr
944:Buda
921:Boii
907:—an
875:and
817:The
757:Jews
732:Flag
612:1956
557:1941
547:1940
527:1938
507:1920
487:1919
427:1849
272:1520
217:1222
3984:PMC
3974:doi
3299:to
3204:).
3094:Hun
2499:),
2368:in
2307:).
1163:Érd
1080:in
989:or
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