History of Northern Ireland

53: 1034:(Minister for Home Affairs) had prepared too late, assuming that Belfast was far enough away to be safe. When Germany conquered France in Spring 1940 it gained closer airfields. The city's fire brigade was inadequate, there were no public air raid shelters as the Northern Ireland government was reluctant to spend money on them, and there were no searchlights in the city, which made shooting down enemy bombers all the more difficult. After the Blitz in London during the autumn of 1940, the government began to build air raid shelters. In early 1941, the Luftwaffe flew reconnaissance missions that identified the docks and industrial areas to be targeted. Working class areas in the north and east of the city were particularly hard hit, as over 1,000 people were killed and hundreds were seriously injured. Many people left the city in fear of future attacks. The bombing revealed terrible slum conditions in the city. In May 1941, in the final raid of the war on Belfast, Luftwaffe bombs inflicted extensive damage to the docks and the 1386:

continental Europe, as well as conducting ongoing attacks within Northern Ireland. These attacks were not only on security targets but also on commercial properties and various city centres. Arguably its signature attack would involve cars packed with high explosives. At the same time, loyalist paramilitaries largely (but not exclusively) focused their campaign within Northern Ireland, ignoring the uninvolved military of the Republic of Ireland, and instead claiming a (very) few republican paramilitary casualties. They usually targeted Catholics (especially those working in Protestant areas), and attacked Catholic-frequented pubs using automatic fire weapons. Such attacks were euphemistically known as "spray jobs". Both groups would also carry out extensive "punishment" attacks against members of their own communities for a variety of perceived, alleged, or suspected crimes.

1720:(DUP) emerge as the largest parties in each community, which was perceived as making a restoration of the devolved institutions more difficult to achieve. However, serious talks between the political parties and the British and Irish governments saw steady, if stuttering, progress throughout 2004, with the DUP in particular surprising many observers with its newly discovered pragmatism. However, an arms-for-government deal between Sinn Féin and the DUP broke down in December 2004 due to a row over whether photographic evidence of IRA decommissioning was necessary, and the IRA refusal to countenance the provision of such evidence. 1497: 1410: 815: 9129: 240: 7145: 1939:

departmental decisions that would be in public interest, and also allowing Ministers of the Crown to have several Northern Ireland appointments. The Bill's third reading was passed in the House of Commons and in the House of Lords on 24 and 30 October respectively. The Bill became Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions) Act 2018 and came into effect after it received Royal Assent and was passed on 1 November.

1300:(formed to co-ordinate the various Loyalist vigilante groups that sprung up) and others brought Northern Ireland to the brink of civil war. On 30 March 1972, the British government, unwilling to grant the unionist Northern Ireland government more authoritarian special powers, and now convinced of its inability to restore order, pushed through emergency legislation that prorogued the Northern Ireland Parliament and introduced 630: 52: 1441:

long run. Unlike the Sunningdale Agreement, the Anglo-Irish Agreement withstood a much more concerted campaign of violence and intimidation, as well as political hostility, from unionists. However, unionists from across the spectrum felt betrayed by the British government and relations between unionists and the British government were at their worst point since the

1370:, advocated British withdrawal from Ireland, but many opposed this policy, and called their prediction of the possible results of British withdrawal the 'Doomsday Scenario', anticipating widespread communal strife. The worst fear envisaged a civil war which would engulf not just Northern Ireland, but also the Republic of Ireland and 1348:, the failure of the pro-Agreement parties to co-ordinate their efforts in the general election of 28 February, combined with an IRA-sponsored boycott by hardline republicans, allowed anti-Sunningdale unionists to take 51.1% of the vote and 11 of Northern Ireland's 12 seats in the UK House of Commons. 1942:

During question period to the Northern Ireland Secretary on 31 October Karen Bradley announced that she would hold a meeting in Belfast the following day with the main parties regarding the implementation of the Bill (which was not an Act yet on that day) and next steps towards the restoration of the

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At a strategic level the agreement demonstrated that the British recognised as legitimate the wishes of the Republic to have a direct interest in the affairs of Northern Ireland. It also demonstrated to paramilitaries that their refusal to negotiate with the governments might be self-defeating in the

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The continuing violence created a climate of fear in the new region, and there was migration across the new border. As well as movement of Protestants from the Free State into Northern Ireland, some Catholics fled south, leaving some of those who remained feeling isolated. Despite the mixed religious

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I have received the Address presented to me by both Houses of the Parliament of Northern Ireland in pursuance of Article 12 of the Articles of Agreement set forth in the Schedule to the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act, 1922, and of Section 5 of the Irish Free State Constitution Act, 1922, and I have

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MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN, We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Senators and Commons of Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled, having learnt of the passing of the Irish Free State Constitution Act, 1922, being the Act of Parliament for the ratification of the Articles of Agreement

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Sinn Féin reiterated that it would not return to a power-sharing arrangement with the DUP without significant changes in the DUP's approach, including Foster not becoming First Minister until the RHI investigation is complete. The parties had three weeks to form an administration; failing that, new

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in Scotland, which all parties including the DUP, supported. Under the agreement, Sinn Féin would fully endorse the police in Northern Ireland, and the DUP would share power with Sinn Féin. All the main parties in Northern Ireland, including the DUP and Sinn Féin, subsequently formally endorsed the

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governments warmly welcomed the statement, political reaction in Northern Ireland itself demonstrated a tendency to suspicion engendered by years of political and social conflict. In August the British government announced that due to the security situation improving and in accordance with the Good

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In total, 636 people were killed between July 1920 and July 1922 in Northern Ireland. Approximately 460 of these deaths occurred in Belfast (258 Catholics, 159 Protestants, and 3 of unknown religion). However, as Catholics made up less than one-quarter of the population of the city, the per capita

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was sympathetic to the unionist case, and so the political voice of Irish unionism was amplified in Parliament. After heavy amendment by the House of Lords, the Commons agreed in 1914 to allow four counties of Ulster to vote themselves out of its provisions for six years. Throughout 1913 and 1914,

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While unionism has lost its overall majority in the Assembly, the result has been characterised by political analyst Matthew Whiting as being more about voters seeking competent local leadership, and about the DUP having less success than Sinn Féin in motivating its traditional voter base to turn

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in 1921 in which unionist parties did not win a majority of seats, and the first time that unionist and nationalist parties received equal representation in the Assembly (39 members between Sinn Féin and the SDLP, 39 members between the DUP, UUP, and TUV). The DUP's loss of seats also prevents it

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was a representative British city that has been well studied by historians. It was a key industrial city producing ships, tanks, aircraft, engineering works, arms, uniforms, parachutes and a host of other industrial goods. The unemployment that had been so persistent in the 1930s disappeared, and

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By the 1990s, the perceived stalemate between the IRA and British security forces, along with the increasing political successes of Sinn Féin, convinced a majority inside the republican movement that greater progress towards republican objectives might be achieved through negotiation rather than

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gave the political parties more time to reach a coalition agreement after the 27 March deadline passed. Sinn Féin called for fresh elections if agreement could not be reached. Negotiations were paused over Easter, but Brokenshire threatened a new election or direct rule if no agreement could be

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reassured unionists who felt guilty about this "that it was better for two-thirds of passengers to save themselves than for all to drown". Many Irish nationalists also opposed partition, although some were gratified that Northern Ireland contained a large nationalist minority that would deny it

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which was primarily to implement sustainable governance in Northern Ireland in the absence of an executive. The British government stated that the legalisation would only come into effect if the executive was not functioning by 22 October deadline. Attempts to restart the assembly were made,

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Bill, removing the time frame of an Assembly election until 26 March 2019, which could be replaced by a later date by the Northern Ireland Secretary for once only, and during which the Northern Ireland Executive could be formed at any time, enabling civil servants to take a certain degree of

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The level of violence declined from 1972 onwards, decreasing to under 150 deaths a year after 1976 and under 100 after 1988. The Provisional IRA, using weapons and explosives smuggled from the United States, the Republic of Ireland, and Libya, bombed England and various British army bases in

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on a cross-community government for Northern Ireland, which took office on 1 January 1974. The Provisional IRA was unimpressed, increasing the tempo of its campaign, while many unionists were outraged at the participation of Irish nationalists in the government of Northern Ireland and at the

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beginning in July 1916. Despite being one of the few divisions to achieve their objectives, the Ulstermen suffered nearly 85% casualties. Though the 36th Division was made up of both Catholics and Protestants from the north, one result from the heavy losses at the Somme was that the Unionist

1923:, the talks collapsed and DUP negotiator Simon Hamilton stated "significant and serious gaps remain between ourselves and Sinn Féin". The stalemate continued into September, at which point Northern Ireland reached 590 days without a fully functioning administration, eclipsing the record 1680:

to Stormont, where she met nationalist ministers from the SDLP as well as unionist ministers and spoke of the right of people who perceive themselves as Irish to be treated as equal citizens along with those who regard themselves as British. Similarly, on visits to Northern Ireland, the

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Negotiations resumed in the autumn of 2017 but failed, leaving it in the hands of the UK Parliament to pass a budget for the ongoing financial year of 2017–18. The bill, which began its passage on 13 November, would if enacted release the final 5% of Northern Ireland's block grant.

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and heavy engineering. Emigration to seek employment was significantly more prevalent among the Catholic population. As a result, Northern Ireland's demography shifted further in favour of Protestants, leaving their ascendancy seemingly impregnable by the late 1950s.

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labour shortages appeared. There was a major munitions strike in 1944. As a key industrial city, Belfast became a target for German bombing missions, but it was thinly defended; there were only 24 anti-aircraft guns in the city. The Northern Ireland government under

1883:. May sought to continue as Prime Minister running a minority administration through seeking the support of the DUP. Various commentators suggested this raised problems for the UK government's role as a neutral arbiter in Northern Ireland, as is required under the 414:

government (which reduced the powers of the Lords from striking down parliamentary Bills to delaying their implementation for two years), it was apparent that Home Rule would probably come into force in the next five years. The IPP and its predecessor, the

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A new deadline was set for 29 June, but it appeared that no agreement would be reached in time, with the main sticking point over Sinn Féin's desire for an Irish language act, rejected by the DUP, while Sinn Féin reject a hybrid act that also covers

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The British government held talks with various parties, including the Provisional IRA, during 1972 and 1973. The Official IRA declared a ceasefire in 1972, and eventually ended violence against the British altogether, although a breakaway group, the

849:, ward boundaries were drawn to place as many Catholics as possible into wards with overwhelming nationalist majorities while other wards were created where unionists had small but secure majorities, maximising unionist representation. 872:. The system of restricting the franchise ended in Great Britain in the 1940s but continued in Northern Ireland until 1969. and became increasingly resented. Disputes over local government gerrymandering were at the heart of the 2281: 2020:

On 18 January 2024, over 100,000 workers from the National Health Service, Translink NI and teachers' unions stage the Public Sector Strike over pay in many towns and cities including Belfast. On 30 January 2024, leader of the

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community became evermore determined to remain in the United Kingdom, believing themselves to have sacrificed their sons at the behest of the Crown. Nationalists joined in great numbers as well, with "old" Irish regiments from

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parade decided to return to the city centre through a Catholic area instead of its usual route; the resulting violence left nine people dead. Over 2,000 Catholics were forced to leave their homes across Northern Ireland.

1283:. Many civilians were killed and injured by the indiscriminate bombing campaigns carried out, mainly by the Provisional IRA. Throughout this period, the main paramilitary organisations began to form. In 1970 the 911:

and various smaller leftist unionist groups were smothered, meaning that it proved impossible for any group to sustain a challenge to the Ulster Unionist Party from within the unionist section of the population.

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being greatly strengthened by these recruits. When the veterans of World War I, on both sides of the political divide, returned from the Front in 1918 and 1919, they came back as battle-hardened soldiers. In the

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for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, do, by this humble Address, pray your Majesty that the powers of the Parliament and Government of the Irish Free State shall no longer extend to Northern Ireland.

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saw half of the city's houses destroyed. About £20 million worth of damage was caused. The Northern Ireland government was criticised heavily for its lack of preparation, and Northern Ireland's Prime Minister

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stationed in Ireland were ordered to occupy government buildings, to repel any assaults by the UVF and to guard armories. When (March 1914) orders were issued transferring officers from the main army base at

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outlook of the Officials and were united in their rejection of the Official's view that physical force alone would not end partition. A campaign of sectarian attacks by loyalist paramilitary groups like the

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While the Anglo-Irish Agreement failed to bring an end to political violence in Northern Ireland, it did improve co-operation between the British and Irish governments, which was key to the creation of the

1584:, to replace a claim it made to the territory of Northern Ireland with an affirmation of the right of all the people of Ireland to be part of the Irish nation and a declaration of an aspiration towards a 1420:

Despite the failure of the hunger strike, the modern republican movement made its first foray into electoral politics, with modest electoral success on both sides of the border, including the election of

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Nationalist political institutions declined, with the Nationalist Party boycotting the Stormont Parliament for much of this period and its constituency organisations reducing to little more than shells.

2176: 336:. The remaining three Ulster counties with larger nationalist majorities were not included. In large part unionists, at least in the north-east, supported its creation while nationalists were opposed. 3942: 1244:, not done effectively). However, tensions rose throughout the following years, with an important milestone in the worsening relationship between the British Army and Irish nationalists being the 980:

Throughout this time, although the Catholic birth rate remained higher than for Protestants, the Catholic proportion of the population declined, as poor economic prospects, especially west of the

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ward boundaries rigged local government elections to ensure unionist control of some local councils with nationalist majorities. In a number of cases, most prominently those of the Corporation of

554:'s previously negligible popular support grew. The surviving leaders of the Irish Volunteers infiltrated the party and assumed its leadership in 1917. (The Irish Volunteers would later become the 1911:

Talks between the DUP and Sinn Féin recommenced on 6 February 2018, only days before the mid-February deadline where, in the absence of an agreement, a regional budget will have to be imposed by

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saw further polarisation, with the DUP making sweeping gains, although Sinn Féin did not make the breakthrough many had predicted. In particular, the failure of Sinn Féin to gain the SDLP leader

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On 28 July 2005, the IRA made a public statement ordering an end to the armed campaign and instructing its members to dump arms and to pursue purely political programmes. While the British and

806:(1922), northern Catholics did not join the new force in great numbers. Many nationalists came to view the new police force as sectarian, adding to their sense of alienation from the state. 5622: 5342: 3998: 2575:

The Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) became law. The main provision of the act was to make the franchise in local government elections in Northern Ireland the same as that in Britain.

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The Assembly and its Executive operated on a stop-start basis, with repeated disagreements about whether the IRA was fulfilling its commitments to disarm, and also allegations from the

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said she regretted signing the Agreement for this reason. Republicans were also left in the position of rejecting the only significant all-Ireland structures created since partition.

3352: 510:. Home rule was delayed for the duration of what was expected to be a short war, and unionist and nationalist leaders agreed to encourage their volunteers to join the British army. 1935: 2040:

as Deputy First minister. This is the first time in the history of Northern Ireland that a republican has become First Minister as well as the top two posts being held by women.

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officially condemned the actions of the Real IRA, setting a precedent that resulted in the alienation and minuscule support for dissident groups within the Republican movement.

776:(RIC) and introduced emergency powers to combat the IRA. Many died in political violence between 1920 and 1923, when Belfast experienced the worst violence in its history. See 2028:

announced that the DUP would restore an executive government on the condition that new legislation was passed by the UK house of commons. After two years of suspension, the

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and the liberalisation of abortion was legalised in Northern Ireland on 22 October 2019. The legalisation received royal assent on 24 July 2019 by way of an amendment to the

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On 7 December 1922 (the day after the establishment of the Irish Free State) the Parliament of Northern Ireland resolved to make the following address to the King so as to

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from home rule. The Covenant was signed by 450,000 men. Whilst precipitating a split with unionists in the south and west (including a particularly sizeable community in

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without trial for suspected IRA men on 9 August 1971, even the most moderate Irish nationalists reacted by completely withdrawing their co-operation with the state. The

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to form a parliament. Every party that reaches a specific level of support gains the right to name members of its party to government and claim one or more ministries.

830:(later Lord Craigavon) onwards, the unionist establishment practised what is generally considered a policy of discrimination against the nationalist/Catholic minority. 7463: 5405: 5380: 2212: 723:

during which month the Irish Free State Government could not legislate for Northern Ireland, holding the Free State's effective jurisdiction in abeyance for a month.

977:, with Catholics (even unionist Catholics) being excluded from any position of political or civil authority outside of a handful of nationalist-controlled councils. 3167: 2520: 1166:

and within his own party. The increasing pressures from Irish nationalists for reform and opposition by Ulster loyalists to compromise led to the appearance of the

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Dissident Republicans in the Provisional IRA who refused to recognize the Good Friday Agreement split from the main body and formed a separate entity known as the

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Despite this, Northern Ireland was relatively peaceful for most of the period from 1924 until the late 1960s, except for some brief flurries of IRA activity, the (

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refused to enter the Assembly. The legalisation was enacted and progress to restart Stormont stagnated for several months until a fresh election became likely.

1544:, engaged in talks. The UK political landscape changed dramatically when the 1997 general election saw the return of a Labour government, led by prime minister 7016: 5438: 3455: 1983:

In early January 2020, the British and Irish governments announced the text of a deal to restore power sharing in Northern Ireland, and to restore devolution.

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A flowchart illustrating all the political parties that have existed throughout the history of Northern Ireland and leading up to its formation (1889 onwards).

8064: 3779: 1899:. The deadline passed with no resolution. Brokenshire extended the time for talks, but Sinn Féin and the DUP remained pessimistic about any quick resolution. 4902: 1178:. It had some moderate Protestant support and membership, and a considerable dose of student radicalism after Northern Ireland was swept up in the worldwide 595:

lost almost all of its seats to Sinn Féin. Of the 30 seats in the six counties that would become Northern Ireland, 23 were won by Unionists, including three

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and 14 canisters containing 50g, were released by the RUC. Even more severe rioting broke out in Belfast and elsewhere in response to events in Derry (see

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opposed partition, seeing it as a betrayal of unionism as a pan-Irish political movement. Three Counties unionists (those living in the Ulster counties of

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saw both the DUP and Sinn Féin advance, with the UUP and SDLP losing all their MPs. The overall result saw the Conservatives losing seats, resulting in a

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was confirmed as First Minister, succeeding Ian Paisley. In November 2015 he announced his intention to resign, stepping down officially in January 2016.

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The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy consisting of 4 constituent parts: 3 countries: England, Scotland and Wales 1 province: Northern Ireland.

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two days later on 14 August 1969. Two weeks later, control of security in Northern Ireland was passed from the Stormont government to Lieutenant-General

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party, which had little to do with it. The execution of the leaders of the rebellion turned out to be a propaganda coup for militant republicanism, and

461:, had become the largest city in Ireland. Its industrial economy, with strong engineering and shipbuilding sectors, was closely integrated with that of 9049: 6985:

1922 marks the secession of the majority of Ireland from the United Kingdom rather than the creation of a new state. Official name was changed in 1927.

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from 1956 to 1962. It found little support among nationalists. However, many Catholics were resentful towards the state, and nationalist politics was

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Bromage, Mary (1964), Churchill and Ireland, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IL, pg 44, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 64-20844

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In April 2021, Arlene Foster announced that she would resign as DUP leader on 28 May and end her tenure as First Minister at the end of June 2021.

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The troubles were over, but the killing continued. Some of the heirs to Ireland's violent traditions refused to give up their inheritance.

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which began on 15 May. The strikers brought Northern Ireland to a standstill by shutting down power stations, and after Prime Minister

530:) rejected Home Rule entirely because it involved maintaining the connection with Britain. They retained control of one faction of the 3815: 2421: 2391: 8013: 7891: 6576: 5470: 4895: 2712: 2114: 1620: 1167: 3644: 3622: 3543: 3503: 1704:

in August 1998 that claimed the lives of 29 including a mother and her unborn twins. In a break from traditional Republican policy,

1182:. Clashes between marchers and the RUC led to increased communal strife, culminating in an attack by a unionist mob (which included 609:. Although lower in intensity in Ulster than the rest of Ireland, the conflict was complicated there by involving not only the IRA, 8911: 7547: 6222: 6081: 6033: 9083: 8107: 7896: 5803: 5612: 5443: 1857: 1820: 1806: 1666: 2131:

The top-level division of administrative geography in the UK is the 4 countries – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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addressed the Parliament of Northern Ireland informing them that the King had responded to the Parliament's address as follows:

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that there was an IRA spy-ring operating in the heart of the civil service. It has since emerged that the spy-ring was run by

1446: 907:. While nationalist parties continued to retain the same number of seats that they had under proportional representation, the 9059: 8090: 7002: 6851: 6257: 5830: 3034: 3005: 2941: 2881: 2852: 2819: 2794: 2646: 2621: 2367: 1840: 1211: 1086: 1056: 865: 599:

and five of the six IPP members returned in Ireland were elected in Ulster as a result of local voting pacts with Sinn Féin.

7212: 3470: 1398:, and 1975 saw a brief Provisional IRA ceasefire. The two events of real significance during this period, however, were the 547: 9153: 8961: 8344: 8230: 7405: 7261: 6124: 5946: 5607: 5580: 4888: 1998:' was signed between the DUP and Sinn Féin, and the British and Irish governments, and subsequently by most other parties. 1876: 1724: 288:(although it is also described by official sources as a province or a region), situated in the north-east of the island of 2685: 8299: 8212: 8169: 7388: 6297: 6242: 6185: 6104: 6048: 6016: 5850: 5535: 5300: 4844: 3923: 1237: 1144:. The duration of the Troubles is conventionally dated from the late 1960s and considered by many to have ended with the 740: 7416: 9064: 8828: 8731: 8225: 8136: 7911: 7714: 7674: 7662: 7657: 7645: 7573: 7475: 7400: 7351: 7153: 6272: 6252: 6195: 6160: 5808: 5776: 5740: 5030: 4698: 1972: 1872:, then called a snap general election for 8 June 2017. A new deadline of 29 June was then set for power-sharing talks. 1677: 1647: 1632: 1612: 1541: 1517: 1332: 1256: 1152: 940: 823: 159: 102: 97: 92: 87: 3023:

The Long Road to Peace in Northern Ireland: Peace Lectures from the Institute of Irish Studies at Liverpool University

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by the government ensured a high emigration rate from that community and contributed to its continued dislike of the

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NI (NI) is a region of the United Kingdom (UK) that operates in an island economy sharing a land border with Ireland

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Increased government focus on the problems of Northern Ireland led, in 1993, to the two prime ministers signing the

402:. Two bills granting Home Rule to Ireland were passed by the House of Commons in 1886 and 1893, but rejected by the 9158: 9087: 8111: 7743: 7686: 7626: 7358: 7341: 7307: 7302: 7226: 6844: 6352: 5904: 5862: 5786: 5781: 5685: 5563: 4829: 4424: 1912: 1812: 1556:, initially perceived as a hardliner, brought his party into the all-party negotiations which in 1998 produced the 1426: 641:

indicated by a heavy black border across the island that separates six of the Ulster counties from the other three.

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A History of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, Pragmatism and Pessimism (Manchester Studies in Modern History)

1797:, became the new First Minister on 11 January 2016. She was the first woman to hold the post of First Minister. 1731:'s Foyle seat marked a significant rebuff for the republican party. The UUP only took one seat, with the leader 1359:

refused to send in troops to take over from the strikers, the power-sharing executive collapsed on 28 May 1974.

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in local government elections by business owners continued in Great Britain until it was abolished, outside the

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Boyd Black, "A Triumph of Voluntarism? Industrial Relations and Strikes in Northern Ireland in World War Two,"

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This article is about Northern Ireland from 1920 to the present. For the history of the region previously, see

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of 3 July 1970, when 3,000 British troops imposed a three-day curfew on the Lower Falls area of West Belfast.

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within the United Kingdom under the Government of Ireland Act, was in some respects left to its own devices.

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Statutory Rules & Orders published by authority, 1921 (No. 533); Additional source for 3 May 1921 date:

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UUP leader Mike Nesbitt announced his resignation, following the party's failure to make any breakthrough.

768:. The IRA was determined to oppose the partition of Ireland so the authorities created the (mainly ex-UVF) 430:

had been agitating successfully against Home Rule since the 1880s, and on 28 September 1912, their leader,

181: 3999:"DUP's Paul Givan resigns as Northern Ireland first minister, as Taoiseach brands it 'very damaging move'" 1158:(later Lord O'Neill of the Maine) tried to introduce reforms, but encountered strong opposition from both 8329: 7292: 6581: 6559: 6527: 6504: 6445: 6367: 6357: 6292: 6155: 6119: 5917: 5695: 5334: 4808: 4803: 4419: 3558:"How will the Northern Irish power-sharing be affected by the Tory-DUP 'friendship'? – Left Foot Forward" 2442:

Lynch, Robert, "The People's Protectors? The Irish Republican Army and the "Belfast Pogrom", 1920–1922",

1324:, continued. The Provisional IRA remained the largest and most effective nationalist paramilitary group. 1183: 892: 769: 588: 559: 383: 333: 254: 221: 32: 1449:

in Belfast. Unionist co-operation needed in tackling Republican violence became so damaged that in 1998

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Emboldened by this, a coalition of anti-Agreement unionist politicians and paramilitaries organised the

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The election marked a significant shift in Northern Ireland's politics, being the first election since

1824: 1572:. A majority of both communities in Northern Ireland approved this Agreement, as did the people of the 1525: 1375: 1297: 1233: 1187: 1066: 852:

Voting provisions gave commercial companies multiple votes according to size and restricted the voting

2784: 2177:"Toponymic guidelines for map and other editors, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" 1951:

to hold an inter-governmental conference with the Irish Government. No deal was reached at that time.

8741: 8597: 8317: 8131: 8053: 8038: 8023: 7871: 7806: 7768: 7758: 7748: 7608: 6777: 6537: 6342: 6315: 5825: 5705: 4834: 4588: 4549: 3425: 3192: 2666: 2241: 2029: 2022: 1987: 1717: 1640: 1600: 1565: 1513: 1394:

Various fitful political talks took place from then until the early 1990s, backed by schemes such as

932: 880: 803: 592: 387: 107: 8759: 3353:"Sinn Fein cuts DUP lead to one seat in Stormont Assembly as nationalists surge in Northern Ireland" 1241: 883:, particularly at senior levels of the public sector and in certain sectors of the economy, such as 546:. After summary trials, the British government had the leaders executed for treason. The government 502:

to the north of Ireland, numerous officers chose to resign their commissions rather than obey. See:

8986: 8116: 7730: 7314: 6675: 6205: 5845: 5592: 5205: 5052: 4212: 3684: 3517: 3403: 2049: 1399: 1291:. The Provisionals came from various political perspectives, though most rejected the increasingly 1159: 970:. Meanwhile, the period saw an almost complete synthesis between the Ulster Unionist Party and the 846: 799: 773: 614: 359: 191: 7167: 9054: 9003: 8719: 8471: 8220: 8080: 7886: 7831: 7821: 7788: 7621: 7533: 7456: 7240: 7236: 6867: 6820: 6733: 6554: 6489: 6200: 5857: 5210: 5172: 4839: 4497: 4076: 3980: 3334: 1865: 1581: 481: 201: 72: 4231:

Ollerenshaw, Philip. "War, industrial mobilisation and society in Northern Ireland, 1939–1945."

2639:

Local Ireland Almanac and Yearbook of Facts 2000 (Local Ireland almanac & yearbook of facts)

1206:. Rioting continued until 14 August, and in that time 1,091 canisters, each containing 12.5g of 9074: 8951: 8577: 8097: 7952: 7841: 7792: 7231: 6670: 5735: 5152: 4663: 4492: 3943:"Alliance MLAs will not attend Assembly recall, as Long calls move a 'cynical political stunt'" 3887: 2164:

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

2015: 1457:

violence at this stage. This change from paramilitary to political means was part of a broader

1062: 570: 196: 2969: 2962: 2933: 8736: 8707: 8240: 6936: 6825: 6665: 6621: 6484: 6070: 5122: 5082: 5062: 5042: 4945: 4743: 4608: 3052:

When reason fails: portraits of armies at war : America, Britain, Israel, and the future

1896: 1884: 1673:, and a British ministerial team answerable to him. Hain was answerable only to the Cabinet. 1549: 1501: 1434: 1403: 1363: 1336: 1203: 963: 896: 764:

The first years of the new autonomous region were marked by bitter violence, particularly in

555: 343: 2925: 1560:("Good Friday Agreement"), signed by eight parties on 10 April 1998, although not involving 1496: 422:

However, a significant minority was vehemently opposed to the idea and wished to retain the

9106: 8873: 8644: 8621: 8406: 8292: 8146: 8121: 7990: 7811: 7783: 7498: 7378: 7177: 7172: 6685: 6626: 6591: 6479: 6452: 5963: 5238: 5057: 4798: 4793: 4733: 4668: 4573: 3316: 2037: 1831: 1751: 1682: 1280: 1202:

area of Derry on 12 August 1969 by the RUC, which led to large-scale disorder known as the

1031: 777: 656: 646: 522:, tensions continued to mount in Ireland. Hardline Irish separatists (known at the time as 363: 206: 3659: 3636: 3614: 3535: 3495: 3273: 2719: 2587: 2482: 2118: 1085:

most westerly port, providing the fastest access into the Atlantic. The naval base, named

689:, felt betrayed by those who had joined them in pledging to "stand by one another" in the 8: 8981: 8883: 8779: 8667: 8512: 8202: 8192: 8102: 7778: 7635: 7616: 7570: 7196: 7162: 7131: 7121: 7069: 7064: 7057: 6959: 6901: 6876: 6762: 6680: 6658: 6653: 6636: 6631: 6609: 6499: 6457: 5258: 5243: 5190: 5137: 5132: 5107: 4965: 4763: 4693: 4636: 4553: 4379: 4302: 3852:"Bill stages — Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions) Act 2018" 2844: 2570: 2460:"'How much discrimination was there under the Unionist regime, 1921–1968?' by John Whyte" 2459: 2033: 2009: 1836: 1573: 1252: 1137: 1093: 869: 574: 407: 301: 130: 67: 8808: 5228: 4880: 4050: 4024: 3966: 1994:(which collapsed three years ago) resumed on 11 January 2020 after an agreement titled ' 1676:

The changing British position to Northern Ireland was represented by the visit of Queen

1106:

were surrendered to British forces on the Scottish and Irish coasts and were brought to

1003:

Labour-based politics were weak in Northern Ireland in comparison with Britain. A small

814: 9008: 8941: 8936: 8863: 8846: 8764: 8451: 8446: 8379: 8008: 7876: 7826: 7763: 7738: 7734: 7652: 7596: 7503: 7182: 7110: 7079: 7047: 6971: 6907: 6757: 6713: 6494: 6472: 6467: 6435: 6347: 5520: 5162: 5112: 5072: 5025: 5020: 5010: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4970: 4955: 4950: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4869: 4773: 4557: 4509: 4504: 4407: 4397: 4354: 4346: 3834:"Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions) Bill: Commons stages" 2872:

Policing Under Fire: Ethnic Conflict and Police-Community Relations in Northern Ireland

2870: 2054: 1651: 1341: 1305: 1264: 1155: 1141: 974: 920: 785: 477: 411: 398:, which would have given Ireland autonomy in internal affairs, without breaking up the 317: 135: 41: 9039: 8969: 8689: 8551: 8416: 8322: 8272: 8187: 8048: 7962: 7250: 7189: 7126: 7074: 6772: 6718: 6320: 5253: 5195: 5157: 5147: 5127: 5117: 5102: 5097: 5077: 5047: 5015: 5000: 4975: 4911: 4748: 4723: 4703: 4683: 4673: 4563: 4545: 4514: 4447: 4364: 4338: 4187: 4148: 4140: 3718: 3204: 3127:

Bear in mind these dead ... An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland 1969-1993

3055: 3030: 3001: 2973: 2937: 2926: 2877: 2848: 2815: 2790: 2642: 2617: 2526: 2498: 2488: 2363: 2357: 2147: 2025: 1860: 1816: 1772: 1705: 1596: 1569: 1557: 1487: 1450: 1275:

Tensions rose higher after the killing of fourteen unarmed civilians in Derry by the

1145: 1035: 936: 715:

requesting not to be part of the Irish Free State. Once the Treaty was ratified, the

695: 602: 466: 423: 371: 321: 8545: 8282: 2420:. Vol. 2. Stormont Papers. 13 December 1922. pp. 1191–1192. Archived from 8898: 8878: 8699: 8654: 8028: 7709: 7691: 7578: 7446: 7091: 6965: 6919: 6880: 6767: 6750: 6745: 6728: 6708: 6514: 5367: 5142: 5067: 5037: 4738: 4653: 4598: 4568: 4519: 4479: 4462: 4452: 4387: 4359: 2202:"The European Sustainable Competitiveness Programme for Northern Ireland 2007–2013" 1744: 1739: 1179: 1133: 1107: 1078: 1073:

to serve as a base for convoy escorts, providing repair and refuelling facilities.

1070: 993: 959: 638: 633:

Map of Ireland. The counties are indicated by thin black lines, including those in

596: 531: 503: 490: 416: 394:

in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a position from which it sought to gain

281: 154: 1409: 1214:). The following thirty years of civil strife came to be known as "the Troubles". 951: 296:. The new autonomous Northern Ireland was formed from six of the nine counties of 8998: 8926: 8921: 8751: 8629: 8556: 8197: 7881: 7856: 6440: 6330: 6021: 5981: 4778: 4753: 4541: 4524: 4369: 4155: 3798:"Executive Formation & Exercise of Functions Bill introduced into Parliament" 2837: 1948: 1880: 1776: 1690: 1659: 1628: 1604: 1470: 1442: 1284: 1225: 1195: 971: 827: 758: 690: 682: 606: 435: 427: 382:

From the late 19th century, the majority of people living in Ireland wanted the

9133: 9029: 8868: 8856: 8634: 7697: 7681: 7631: 6994: 6942: 6895: 6053: 5934: 5872: 5433: 5316: 4728: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4688: 4678: 4593: 4536: 4429: 4392: 3448:"One step closer to a united Ireland? Explaining Sinn Féin's electoral success" 2899:"ETHNIC CONFLICT AND THE TWO-STATE SOLUTION: THE IRISH EXPERIENCE OF PARTITION" 2689: 1775:

took office as First Minister and Deputy First Minister, respectively. (BBC). "

1585: 1222: 904: 861: 834: 678: 558:(IRA) in 1919.) Republicans gained further support when the British government 539: 403: 244: 149: 125: 1839:

mechanism, which the party had controversially used to block measures such as

996:

or similar vehicles. At various times the party stood and won elections on an

9147: 8684: 8517: 8391: 7866: 7851: 7508: 7436: 7431: 7221: 6109: 5670: 5568: 5558: 5357: 5352: 4824: 4623: 3722: 2502: 1931: 1794: 1767:

On 8 May 2007, devolution of powers returned to Northern Ireland. DUP leader

1732: 1701: 1686: 1616: 1608: 1553: 1379: 1356: 1171: 1098: 1044: 1039: 1021: 997: 955: 944: 857: 670: 543: 462: 431: 329: 309: 305: 4291: 3145: 2016:

The DUP Boycott of the NI Protocol and Restoration of Stormont 2024- present

1007:

existed but suffered many splits to both nationalist and unionist factions.

685:) who found themselves on the wrong side of the new border that partitioned 8838: 8774: 8769: 8679: 8662: 8487: 8426: 7916: 7901: 7383: 7096: 5976: 5347: 4783: 4613: 4484: 4402: 3906:"Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions) Act 2018" 3888:"Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions) Act 2018" 3301: 3146:"Background Information on Northern Ireland Society – Security and Defence" 3075: 2516: 2316: 2259: 1959: 1920: 1288: 1245: 1229: 1218: 1217:

At the request of the unionist-controlled Northern Ireland government, the

1129: 1119: 884: 833:

This pattern was firmly established in the case of local government, where

674: 610: 563: 494: 367: 355: 6836: 5285: 2390:. Stormont Papers. 7 December 1922. pp. 1147 and 1150. Archived from 2012:

as deputy first minister and collapsed the executive of Northern Ireland.

1968: 1716:

However, the Assembly elections of 30 November 2003 saw Sinn Féin and the

1636: 1533: 1509: 989: 947:, described Northern Ireland as having been a "cold house for Catholics". 802:

and the transfer of many Catholic RIC police officers to the newly formed

748:

caused my Ministers and the Irish Free State Government to be so informed.

605:

gathered pace in Ireland in the aftermath of the election, leading to the

551: 493:. In reaction to the possibility of the UVF seizing weapons, units of the 8975: 8888: 8587: 8531: 8492: 7753: 6462: 6392: 4768: 4646: 4631: 4603: 4439: 1916: 1869: 1827:. Since then, the Executive has been in suspension and has not reformed. 1768: 1755: 1728: 1624: 1561: 1529: 1422: 1328: 1304:

from London. 1972 was the most violent year of the conflict. In 1973 the

1163: 519: 513: 507: 499: 473:

minority of less than 30 per cent, concentrated in the west of the city.

313: 186: 4278:

Remembering the troubles: Contesting the recent past in Northern Ireland

4077:"Stormont: Michelle O'Neill makes history as nationalist first minister" 3762:"Talks to restore power-sharing government in Northern Ireland collapse" 480:

was introduced by the Liberal minority government in 1912. However, the

9069: 8592: 8502: 8466: 8456: 8262: 4531: 2005: 1670: 1577: 1545: 1462: 1344:. Although the pro-Sunningdale parties had a clear majority in the new 981: 19: 8713: 3125: 2663:"Campbell to Raise Complaints With BBC on Fair Employment Documentary" 2359:

Anti-Catholicism in Northern Ireland, 1600–1998: The Mote and the Beam

707:. Under Article 12 of the Treaty, Northern Ireland could exercise its 9101: 8822: 8606: 8461: 8436: 8411: 7836: 7144: 6740: 6648: 4578: 4254:

Truth, denial and transition: Northern Ireland and the contested past

2484:

Discrimination in Northern Ireland, 1920-1939 : myth or reality?

2151: 1537: 1367: 1175: 927:

While disputed for decades, many unionist leaders now admit that the

485:

paramilitary militias were recruited and armed, firstly the unionist

395: 351: 325: 292:. It was created as a separate legal entity on 3 May 1921, under the 8787: 8507: 4307: 2107: 1943:

devolution and that she would fly to Dublin alongside Theresa May's

1793:

His successor as the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP),

562:. Sinn Féin was at the forefront of organising the campaign against 9013: 8946: 8611: 8497: 8441: 7846: 6601: 4788: 4583: 3984: 3780:"Protesters say 'we deserve better' as Stormont hiatus ties record" 3474: 3338: 3320: 1780: 1697: 1378:. Later, the feared possible impact of British withdrawal was the ' 1371: 967: 853: 583: 573:

was one of the first units in the British Army to be sent into the

470: 3711:"Brokenshire orders review as Stormont MLAs receive full salaries" 1263:

withdrew from that body on 15 August and a widespread campaign of

8931: 8916: 8815: 8602: 8582: 7556: 7525: 6427: 4658: 4469: 4226:

Very British Rebels?: The Culture and Politics of Ulster Loyalism

2713:"Assimilation versus Segregation: Unionist Strategy in the 1960s" 2555: 2447: 1425:

to the House of Commons. This convinced republicans to adopt the

1413: 1292: 1199: 1103: 1026: 916: 765: 579: 506:. Events in Europe were to take precedence after the outbreak of 454: 439: 289: 4121:

The British State and the Ulster Crisis: From Wilson to Thatcher

3744:"Deal between Sinn Féin and DUP over power sharing 'achievable'" 3637:"Stormont talks: Brokenshire to 'reflect' amid ongoing deadlock" 3374:"Northern Ireland braces for uncertain new era after McGuinness" 3297:"Peter Robinson to step down as Northern Ireland first minister" 2964:

Hope against History: The Course of Conflict in Northern Ireland

2758:

Irish Sword: Journal of the Military History Society of Ireland,

2686:"The Nobel Lecture given by The Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 1998" 1936:

Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions)

1287:, was created as a breakaway from what then became known as the 935:

figures continue to deny it or its extent. One unionist leader,

629: 8801: 8794: 8639: 8572: 8431: 6723: 4114:

Northern Ireland 1921-1994: Political Forces and Social Classes

4051:"DUP executive endorses deal to restore devolution at Stormont" 1481: 1466: 1207: 1061:

With the outbreak of the Second World War and the start of the

686: 634: 458: 447: 443: 297: 4268:

Changing history: the Republic and Northern Ireland since 1990

4261:

Rethinking Northern Ireland: culture, ideology and colonialism

2928:

The Politics of Northern Ireland: Beyond the Belfast Agreement

1700:. It was this paramilitary group that was responsible for the 703:

The Treaty was given effect in the United Kingdom through the

8851: 8421: 6700: 1854:

out, than about a significant move towards a united Ireland.

1191: 1148:

of 1998. Violence nonetheless continues on a sporadic basis.

1102:. After the end of the war, large numbers of captured German 1074: 931:

in the period 1922–72 was discriminatory, although prominent

842: 838: 1693:

of each county – the official representatives of the Queen.

895:

in 1929 meant that the structure of party politics gave the

342:

were followed by decades of relatively peaceful rule by the

3471:"No Snap Election in Northern Ireland After Talks Collapse" 1643:

each had ministers by right in the power-sharing assembly.

1548:, with a large parliamentary majority. A new leader of the 1505: 3981:"Arlene Foster to quit DUP after leaving leadership roles" 2809: 1500:

General election results 1997 to present. In general, the

1461:, which followed the appearance of new leaders in London ( 450:), it gave northern unionists a feasible goal to aim for. 8539: 4910: 4219:

Turf war: the Clinton administration and Northern Ireland

3357: 3335:"Arlene Foster: DUP leader becomes new NI first minister" 3168:"Thatcher misgivings over Anglo-Irish Agreement revealed" 2008:

resigned as first minister, which automatically resigned

1841:

the introduction of same-sex marriage to Northern Ireland

1655: 1194:

on 4 January 1969. Wholescale violence erupted after an

784:. Killings petered out in 1923 after the signing of the 419:, had been campaigning for this for almost fifty years. 370:

erupted in the late 1960s, and continued until the 1998

7968:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

4202:

Cinema and Northern Ireland: Film, Culture and Politics

3536:"Stormont power-sharing talks deadline set for 29 June" 2786:

The Origins of the Present Troubles in Northern Ireland

1595:

Under the Good Friday Agreement, properly known as the

856:

to property owners, primary tenants and their spouses.

4169:

Historical dictionary of the Northern Ireland conflict

3967:

Stormont talks: Draft deal to break deadlock published

3518:"Stormont talks: Direct rule or election 'if no deal'" 3225:"Spotlight on the Troubles: A Secret History Epside 7" 3025:. University of Liverpool Institute of Irish Studies, 2998:

Historical Dictionary of the Northern Ireland Conflict

1967:

predominantly by unionist parties, on 21 October, but

1136:

which spilled over at various times into England, the

984:, saw Catholics emigrate in disproportionate numbers. 915:

In 1935, the worst violence since partition convulsed

560:

attempted to introduce conscription to Ireland in 1918

514:

1916: Easter Rising, Battle of the Somme and aftermath

3496:"Stormont talks: Sinn Féin wants election if no deal" 3317:"Peter Robinson officially resigns as First Minister" 3076:"Draft List of Deaths Related to the Conflict. 2002–" 1754:

was proposed after three days of multiparty talks at

669:(the rest of the island). Some unionists such as Sir 7698:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

1662:). Northern Ireland was then, once more, run by the 6414: 3934: 2839:

Northern Ireland and the Politics of Reconciliation

2743:Brian Barton, "The Belfast Blitz: April–May 1941," 2355: 1964:

Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019

1800: 1711: 1590:

Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

4181: 4126:Brady, Claran, Mary O'Dowd and Brian Walker, eds. 3248:"I.R.A. Renounces Use of Violence; Vows to Disarm" 3054:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 44 and 61. 2961: 2869: 2836: 2559:. United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 452. 2480: 2446:Volume 47, Issue 2 April 2008, pp. 375-391, fn. 9 2282:"What was Belfast like in the early 20th century?" 1819:resigned as deputy First Minister, triggering the 992:was banned although it often operated through the 8061:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 4209:Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy, and Society 4182:Kennedy, Líam; Ollerenshaw, Philip, eds. (1985). 3979:Gordon, Gareth; Walker, Stephen (30 April 2021). 2457: 1735:losing his and subsequently resigning as leader. 1362:Some British politicians, notably former British 390:(IPP) sometimes held the balance of power in the 227:History of the Irish language 9145: 7024: 3109:Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972 386:to grant some form of self-rule to Ireland. The 320: – and two counties with slight 8907:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 2810:McGarry, John; Brendan O'Leary (15 June 1995). 2710: 2487:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub. 1198:march was forced through the Irish nationalist 4025:"What's next after NI's public sector strike?" 3123: 2339:"The emergence of the 'Two Irelands', 1912–25" 2314: 1429:and gradually take a more political approach. 7541: 7010: 6966:Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland 6852: 5301: 4896: 4323: 4112:Bew, Paul, Peter Gibbon and Henry Patterson, 2718:. Twentieth Century Brit Hist. Archived from 2268:Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive 2240: 1930:On 18 October the Northern Ireland Secretary 1132:were a period of ethno-political conflict in 1069:decided to develop a large new naval base in 262: 3978: 3660:"Brokenshire to allocate NI money next week" 3246:Lavery, Brian; Cowell, Alan (29 July 2005). 3245: 2834: 2782: 2616:. Manchester University Press. p. 162. 2545: 2211:. 4 October 2007. p. 16. Archived from 1954: 1906: 1482:The Belfast Agreement/ Good Friday Agreement 1476: 782:The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1920–1922) 340:The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1920–1922) 7670:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 6914:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 6866: 5315: 4207:Kennedy, Liam and Philip Ollerenshaw, eds, 3271: 2588:"Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1968" 1887:. Talks restarted on 12 June 2017, while a 1689:, met with unionist ministers and with the 752: 9093:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 7548: 7534: 7017: 7003: 6859: 6845: 5308: 5294: 4903: 4889: 4330: 4316: 3685:"Westminster to set NI budget amid crisis" 377: 348:government of Northern Ireland (1921–1972) 269: 255: 4184:An Economic History of Ulster 1820 – 1940 4176:A History of Northern Ireland, 1920-1996. 3049: 2995: 1621:Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland 1374:, both of which had major links with the 1168:Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association 1038:shipyard, closing it for six months. The 651:The fourth and final Home Rule Bill (the 8912:Association football in Northern Ireland 3657: 3612: 3294: 3119: 3117: 2756:Robson S. Davison, "The Belfast Blitz," 1891:was announced and published on 26 June. 1495: 1408: 1077:was selected as a prime location due to 813: 628: 489:(UVF), and in response, the nationalist 8108:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 4298:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 July 2006. 3940: 3615:"Ulster-Scots 'forgotten in some ways'" 3404:"Mike Nesbitt steps down as UUP leader" 2959: 2955: 2953: 2867: 2843:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2783:Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline (January 1997). 2683: 2414:"Northern Ireland Parliamentary Report" 2384:"Northern Ireland Parliamentary Report" 2248:. Oxford University Press. p. 198. 2093:(of 53.6 and 54.6 per cent respectively 1978: 1864:reached by early May. On 18 April, the 1858:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1821:2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election 1807:2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election 1762: 1667:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 9146: 3201:Behind the mask: The IRA and Sinn Féin 3191: 3096: 3020: 2923: 2636: 2611: 2551:"City of London (Ward Elections) Bill" 2515: 1927:between April 2010 and December 2011. 1314:Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 874:Northern Ireland civil rights movement 705:Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 637:in green, and the modern territory of 8377: 8167: 7988: 7594: 7529: 6998: 6840: 6413: 5289: 4912:History of current European countries 4884: 4337: 4311: 4270:(Manchester University Press, 2017). 3468: 3426:"'No revolt within DUP,' says Foster" 3371: 3114: 2835:Dermot Keogh, ed. (28 January 1994). 2458:Fionnuala McKenna (14 January 2012). 1580:on 22 May 1998. The Republic amended 1212:Northern Ireland riots of August 1969 1057:HMS Ferret (1940 shore establishment) 899:a continual sizeable majority in the 866:Representation of the People Act 1969 3295:McDonald, Henry (19 November 2015). 2968:. Henry Holt & Company. p. 2950: 2032:meet on 3 February 2024 and appoint 1783:, was played at their inauguration. 1279:on 30 January 1972, an event dubbed 939:joint-winner, former UUP leader and 7464:Post-war period (political history) 4845:History of the Mediterranean region 4162:Northern Ireland: The Orange State, 4145:The Catholics of Ulster: A History. 3546:from the original on 21 April 2017. 3506:from the original on 20 April 2017. 2896: 2684:Trimble, David (10 December 1998). 2612:Walker, Graham (4 September 2004). 2356:J. Brewer; G. Higgins (1998). "3". 1327:On 9 December 1973, after talks in 1010: 739:On 13 December 1922 Prime Minister 13: 8137:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 7912:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 7710:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 7555: 4228:(Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2015). 4099: 3625:from the original on 28 June 2017. 3458:from the original on 7 March 2017. 3436:from the original on 6 March 2017. 3414:from the original on 4 March 2017. 3274:"Military move heralds end of era" 2252: 2117:. 11 November 1997. Archived from 1850:elections would likely be called. 1648:Police Service of Northern Ireland 1633:Social Democratic and Labour Party 1613:First Minister of Northern Ireland 1542:Social Democratic and Labour Party 1333:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland 1257:Social Democratic and Labour Party 1096:. It was given a ship's name as a 941:First Minister of Northern Ireland 879:In addition, there was widespread 757:Northern Ireland, having received 14: 9175: 7922:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 4284: 4239: 4171:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2017). 3941:Edwards, Mark (20 October 2019). 3647:from the original on 4 July 2017. 3613:Meredith, Robbie (28 June 2017). 2150:. 10 January 2003. Archived from 1811:On 9 January 2017, following the 1627:, subsequently replaced him. The 1623:, though his party's new leader, 1615:. The Deputy Leader of the SDLP, 1335:and both governments reached the 1277:1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment 9127: 8091:Tallest buildings and structures 7469:Post-war period (social history) 7143: 4830:Bibliography of European history 4425:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 4119:Bew, Paul, and Henry Patterson. 3576:"The Deciding Votes from Ulster" 3469:Kroet, Cynthia (27 March 2017). 3000:. Scarecrow Press. p. 250. 2868:Weitzer, Ronald (January 1995). 2522:British Social Trends since 1900 2315:Nicholas Whyte (25 March 2006). 1813:Renewable Heat Incentive scandal 1801:Government collapse of 2017-2020 1712:Government collapse of 2002-2007 1427:Armalite and ballot box strategy 1151:In the 1960s, moderate unionist 711:by presenting an address to the 663:(six northeastern counties) and 360:discrimination against Catholics 238: 51: 6416:Countries of the United Kingdom 5516:Countries of the United Kingdom 4855:History of Western civilization 4458:Christianity in the Middle Ages 4069: 4043: 4017: 3991: 3972: 3960: 3916: 3898: 3880: 3862: 3844: 3826: 3808: 3790: 3772: 3754: 3736: 3703: 3677: 3658:Campbell, John (12 July 2017). 3651: 3629: 3606: 3594: 3568: 3550: 3528: 3510: 3488: 3462: 3440: 3418: 3396: 3365: 3345: 3327: 3309: 3288: 3265: 3239: 3217: 3185: 3160: 3138: 3102: 3089: 3068: 3043: 3014: 2989: 2917: 2890: 2861: 2828: 2814:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 18. 2803: 2776: 2763: 2750: 2737: 2704: 2677: 2655: 2630: 2605: 2580: 2563: 2556:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2539: 2509: 2474: 2451: 2436: 2406: 2376: 2349: 2331: 2308: 1331:, Berkshire, the UUP, SDLP and 1146:Belfast "Good Friday" Agreement 1113: 719:had one month to exercise this 544:attempted a rebellion in Dublin 286:countries of the United Kingdom 7927:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 5511:Counties of the United Kingdom 4699:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4642:Christianity in the modern era 4413:Christianity in late antiquity 4296:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 4280:(U of Notre Dame Press, 2017). 4128:Ulster: An Illustrated History 3203:. TV Books. pp. 246–261. 2669:. 6 March 2014. Archived from 2299: 2286:www.census.nationalarchives.ie 2274: 2233: 2194: 2169: 2136: 2087: 1492:Northern Ireland peace process 1459:Northern Ireland peace process 1353:Ulster Workers' Council strike 1322:Irish National Liberation Army 1310:Parliament of Northern Ireland 1261:Parliament of Northern Ireland 901:Parliament of Northern Ireland 717:Parliament of Northern Ireland 653:Government of Ireland Act 1920 465:. Belfast was a substantially 294:Government of Ireland Act 1920 1: 7989: 4850:History of the European Union 4233:Contemporary European History 4135:A History of Northern Ireland 3272:Brian Rowan (2 August 2005). 2641:. Local Ireland. p. 17. 2100: 2060:History of the United Kingdom 1743:Friday Agreement provisions, 1725:2005 British general election 1312:and its government under the 1124: 1005:Northern Ireland Labour Party 909:Northern Ireland Labour Party 793:death rates were much higher. 534:, and in Easter 1916, led by 324:majorities – 304:majorities – 8992:Northern Ireland flags issue 8168: 7943:List of conflicts in Ireland 7687:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 7026:History of the British Isles 6283:Universal basic income (UBI) 3132:Beyond the Pale Publications 2932:. Psychology Press. p. 2362:. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 2317:"The Irish Election of 1918" 2260:"The Irish Election of 1918" 2246:Home Rule – An Irish History 2144:"Countries within a country" 2075:Politics of Northern Ireland 2070:History of the British Isles 1915:. Despite being attended by 1835:from unilaterally using the 1747:would end by 1 August 2007. 1389: 1270: 903:, leading to fifty years of 881:discrimination in employment 809: 624: 7: 9154:History of Northern Ireland 8378: 7963:Gaelic clothing and fashion 7595: 6288:Water supply and sanitation 5987:Weapons of mass destruction 5972:His Majesty's Naval Service 4809:Russian invasion of Ukraine 4420:Crisis of the Third Century 4249:2nd edition (Belfast, 1987) 4178:St. Martin's, 1998. 365 pp. 4164:2nd edition (London, 1980). 3050:Goodspeed, Michael (2002). 2812:Explaining Northern Ireland 2043: 1186:) on a march, known as the 929:Northern Ireland government 893:proportional representation 770:Ulster Special Constabulary 453:By the early 20th century, 10: 9180: 6383:Stereotypes of the British 4865:Military history of Europe 4860:Maritime history of Europe 4221:(Routledge, 2019) US role. 3027:Liverpool University Press 2996:Gillespie, Gordon (2008). 2876:. State University Press. 2444:Journal of British Studies 2209:Northern Ireland Executive 2065:Murals in Northern Ireland 1889:Conservative–DUP agreement 1825:Northern Ireland Executive 1804: 1526:Downing Street Declaration 1485: 1376:people of Northern Ireland 1298:Ulster Defence Association 1251:After the introduction of 1188:Burntollet bridge incident 1117: 1054: 1019: 1015: 822:Under successive unionist 644: 548:blamed the small Sinn Féin 406:. With the passing of the 332: – in the 17: 9123: 9022: 8960: 8897: 8837: 8750: 8698: 8653: 8620: 8565: 8530: 8480: 8399: 8390: 8386: 8373: 8308: 8211: 8180: 8176: 8163: 8073: 8001: 7997: 7984: 7935: 7723: 7607: 7603: 7590: 7566: 7490: 7415: 7368: 7260: 7211: 7152: 7141: 7032: 6981: 6952: 6929: 6888: 6874: 6798: 6699: 6600: 6548:First Minister and deputy 6513: 6426: 6422: 6409: 6405: 6306: 6146: 6137: 6095: 6012: 6003: 5962: 5903: 5772: 5768: 5759: 5621: 5549: 5501: 5497: 5488: 5421: 5333: 5324: 5267: 5219: 5181: 4918: 4835:Genetic history of Europe 4817: 4622: 4438: 4378: 4345: 3021:Elliot, Marianne (2007). 2525:. Springer. p. 298. 2115:"The Countries of the UK" 2023:Democratic Unionist Party 1988:Northern Ireland Assembly 1955:Gay marriage and abortion 1907:Negotiations resume, 2018 1718:Democratic Unionist Party 1641:Democratic Unionist Party 1601:Northern Ireland Assembly 1566:Democratic Unionist Party 1514:Democratic Unionist Party 1508:have lost support, while 1477:Northern Ireland Assembly 1346:Northern Ireland Assembly 933:Democratic Unionist Party 868:. It still exists in the 804:Royal Ulster Constabulary 730:of the Irish Free State: 593:Irish Parliamentary Party 388:Irish Parliamentary Party 144:Great Britain and Ireland 108:Timeline of Irish history 6176:Environmental inequality 2711:MARC MULHOLLAND (2000). 2080: 2050:Flag of Northern Ireland 1996:New Decade, New Approach 1823:and the collapse of the 1170:, under figures such as 1162:Protestant leaders like 1050: 847:Fermanagh County Council 800:Royal Irish Constabulary 774:Royal Irish Constabulary 753:Early years of Home Rule 615:Royal Irish Constabulary 589:general election of 1918 9159:20th century in Ireland 9084:Prostitution (Republic) 7298:Early medieval Scotland 6868:Irish states since 1171 4840:History of Christianity 4247:The Identity of Ulster, 4154:22 January 2010 at the 3816:"NOTICES OF AMENDMENTS" 3124:Malcolm Sutton (1994). 2924:Aughey, Arthur (2005). 2481:O'Brien, John. (2010). 1599:, voters elected a new 1382:' of Northern Ireland. 1221:was deployed by the UK 798:affiliation of the old 378:Resistance to Home Rule 7953:List of Irish kingdoms 7342:Early medieval Ireland 7308:Late medieval Scotland 7303:High medieval Scotland 7276:Early medieval England 6062:Science and technology 4961:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4664:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 4224:McAuley, James White. 4123:(London: Verso, 1985). 3715:BelfastTelegraph.co.uk 3227:. BBC. 22 October 2019 3148:. ARK. 17 January 2012 2960:Holland, Jack (1999). 2688:. Oslo. Archived from 2637:Curley, Helen (2000). 2592:www.legislation.gov.uk 2036:as First Minister and 1750:On 13 October 2006 an 1521: 1445:in 1912, with similar 1417: 1416:march in Belfast, 1984 1259:(SDLP) members of the 1063:Battle of the Atlantic 819: 795: 750: 737: 642: 619:Ulster Volunteer Force 571:36th (Ulster) Division 487:Ulster Volunteer Force 457:, the largest city in 442:, pledging to exclude 426:in its existing form. 9060:Mass media (Republic) 9004:National coat of arms 7892:IRA Northern Campaign 7389:Early modern Scotland 7352:Late medieval Ireland 7347:High medieval Ireland 7286:Late medieval England 7281:High medieval England 7237:Protohistoric Ireland 6039:Free trade agreements 4744:Industrial Revolution 4235:16#2 (2007): 169–197. 2771:Labour History Review 2760:(1985) 16#63 pp 65–83 1885:Good Friday Agreement 1779:", the 2005 track by 1550:Ulster Unionist Party 1502:Ulster Unionist Party 1499: 1435:Good Friday Agreement 1412: 1404:Anglo-Irish Agreement 1337:Sunningdale Agreement 1204:Battle of the Bogside 1055:Further information: 1020:Further information: 897:Ulster Unionist Party 817: 790: 745: 732: 632: 556:Irish Republican Army 344:Ulster Unionist Party 334:1918 General Election 300:: four counties with 222:Economic history 217:British monarchs 20:Ulster § History 8982:County coats of arms 8874:List of Irish people 7948:List of Irish tribes 7798:Cromwellian conquest 7784:Plantation of Ulster 7715:Ireland (since 1922) 7499:House of Plantagenet 7401:Early modern Ireland 7384:Early modern England 7379:Early modern Britain 7320:Early medieval Wales 7178:Prehistoric Shetland 7173:Prehistoric Scotland 6937:Republic of Connacht 6388:World Heritage Sites 6181:Environmental issues 5885:Female party leaders 5526:Overseas territories 4799:European debt crisis 4794:European integration 4734:Age of Enlightenment 4574:Republic of Florence 3603:, BBC1, 11 June 2017 3601:The Andrew Marr Show 2725:on 28 September 2007 2573:. 25 November 1969. 2549:(24 February 1999). 2517:Halsey, Albert Henry 2038:Emma Little-Pengelly 2004:On 3 February 2022, 1979:2020-2022 governance 1763:2007-2017 governance 1683:President of Ireland 1032:Richard Dawson Bates 845:Urban District, and 778:Bloody Sunday (1921) 647:Partition of Ireland 364:partition of Ireland 207:Gaelic monarchs 120:Peoples and polities 9164:Late Modern Ireland 9097:in Northern Ireland 9088:in Northern Ireland 8829:Legendary creatures 8742:Traditional singing 8578:Saint Patrick's Day 8213:Republic of Ireland 8142:Tourist attractions 8127:ROI–UK border 8112:of Northern Ireland 8065:in Northern Ireland 7897:IRA Border Campaign 7872:War of Independence 7842:Second Great Famine 7827:Act of Union (1800) 7779:Flight of the Earls 7636:Lordship of Ireland 7571:Republic of Ireland 7476:Late modern Ireland 7370:Early modern period 7330:Late medieval Wales 7325:High medieval Wales 7197:Prehistoric Ireland 7168:Prehistoric England 7163:Prehistoric Britain 6960:Confederate Ireland 6902:Lordship of Ireland 6877:Republic of Ireland 5182:States with limited 4764:Revolutions of 1848 4694:Early modern France 4475:Anglo-Saxon England 4380:Classical antiquity 4259:Miller, David, ed. 4204:(Bloomsbury, 2019). 4167:Gillespie, Gordon. 4147:Basic Books. 2001. 4133:Buckland, Patrick. 4107:A History of Ulster 3768:. 15 February 2018. 3562:leftfootforward.org 2905:on 29 February 2012 2773:(2005) 70#1 pp 5–25 2747:(1997) 5#3 pp 52–57 2218:on 17 February 2010 2154:on 9 September 2008 1877:UK General Election 1837:petition of concern 1832:Ireland's partition 1574:Republic of Ireland 1528:. At the same time 1242:ideological reasons 1138:Republic of Ireland 1094:shore establishment 408:Parliament Act 1911 284:is one of the four 160:Republic of Ireland 131:Lordship of Ireland 9134:Ireland portal 8452:Skirts and kidneys 7958:List of High Kings 7877:Anglo-Irish Treaty 7817:First Great Famine 7802:Settlement of 1652 7774:Tyrone's Rebellion 7764:Desmond Rebellions 7653:Kingdom of Ireland 7504:House of Lancaster 7457:World Wars (Wales) 7417:Late modern period 7394:Early modern Wales 7183:Prehistoric Orkney 7154:Prehistoric period 6972:Patriot Parliament 6908:Kingdom of Ireland 6082:Telecommunications 6034:Economic geography 5890:Political scandals 5521:Crown Dependencies 4870:Crusading movement 4774:Russian Revolution 4609:Hundred Years' War 4505:Maritime republics 4408:Early Christianity 4398:Hellenistic period 4355:Paleolithic Europe 4292:"Northern Ireland" 4256:(Routledge, 2018). 4217:Lynch, Timothy J. 4160:Farrell, Michael. 4105:Bardon, Jonathan. 3924:"House of Commons" 3892:legislation.gov.uk 3750:. 6 February 2018. 3372:Humphries, Conor. 3341:. 11 January 2016. 3323:. 11 January 2016. 3252:The New York Times 2121:on 9 December 2009 2055:History of Ireland 1866:Conservative Party 1522: 1418: 1396:rolling devolution 1342:Council of Ireland 1306:British government 1265:civil disobedience 820: 786:Anglo-Irish Treaty 643: 524:Irish Nationalists 482:Conservative Party 384:British government 245:Ireland portal 136:Kingdom of Ireland 9141: 9140: 9119: 9118: 9115: 9114: 8526: 8525: 8417:Bacon and cabbage 8369: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8236:Foreign relations 8159: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8086:Notable buildings 7980: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7523: 7522: 7406:Early modern Mann 7293:Medieval Scotland 7251:Sub-Roman Britain 7246:End of Roman rule 7190:Prehistoric Wales 6992: 6991: 6916: (1801–1922) 6834: 6833: 6794: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6401: 6400: 6133: 6132: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5880:Political parties 5804:Foreign relations 5755: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5484: 5483: 5461:Mass surveillance 5439:Foreign relations 5372:Second World War 5283: 5282: 4878: 4877: 4804:COVID-19 pandemic 4749:French Revolution 4724:Habsburg monarchy 4704:Cossack Hetmanate 4684:Portuguese Empire 4674:Absolute monarchy 4669:Thirty Years' War 4564:Holy Roman Empire 4489:Bulgarian Empire 4448:Early Middle Ages 4365:Bronze Age Europe 4339:History of Europe 4266:Parker, Michael. 4263:(Routledge, 2014) 4252:Lawther, Cheryl. 4186:. Manchester UP. 4174:Henessy, Thomas. 4141:Elliott, Marianne 4083:. 3 February 2024 4057:. 30 January 2024 4031:. 19 January 2024 4005:. 3 February 2022 3969:. 9 January 2020. 3947:Belfast Telegraph 3928:parliamentlive.tv 3786:. 28 August 2018. 3691:. 1 November 2017 3542:. 21 April 2017. 3502:. 10 April 2017. 3172:Belfast Telegraph 3036:978-1-84631-065-2 3007:978-0-8108-5583-0 2943:978-0-415-32788-6 2883:978-0-7914-2248-9 2854:978-0-521-45933-4 2821:978-0-631-18349-5 2796:978-0-582-10073-2 2673:on 10 March 2014. 2648:978-0-9536537-0-6 2623:978-0-7190-6109-7 2571:"CAIN Chronology" 2369:978-0-333-99502-0 2148:10 Downing Street 2026:Jeffrey Donaldson 1861:James Brokenshire 1817:Martin McGuinness 1773:Martin McGuinness 1706:Martin McGuinness 1597:Belfast Agreement 1570:UK Unionist Party 1558:Belfast Agreement 1488:Belfast Agreement 1451:Margaret Thatcher 1184:police reservists 1036:Harland and Wolff 937:Nobel Peace Prize 891:The abolition of 696:Belfast Telegraph 603:Guerrilla warfare 467:Ulster Protestant 434:, introduced the 372:Belfast Agreement 350:, interrupted by 322:Irish nationalist 279: 278: 142:United Kingdom of 9171: 9132: 9131: 9130: 8809:Tuatha Dé Danann 8397: 8396: 8388: 8387: 8375: 8374: 8310:Northern Ireland 8288: 8278: 8268: 8178: 8177: 8165: 8164: 7999: 7998: 7986: 7985: 7862:Home Rule crisis 7692:Northern Ireland 7605: 7604: 7592: 7591: 7579:Northern Ireland 7550: 7543: 7536: 7527: 7526: 7481:Late modern Mann 7452:Second World War 7437:Edwardian period 7432:Victorian period 7337:Medieval Ireland 7271:Medieval England 7213:Classical period 7202:Prehistoric Mann 7147: 7104:Northern Ireland 7019: 7012: 7005: 6996: 6995: 6920:Irish Free State 6889:Governing states 6881:Northern Ireland 6879:(from 1937) and 6861: 6854: 6847: 6838: 6837: 6814: 6807: 6515:Northern Ireland 6424: 6423: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6144: 6143: 6057: 6010: 6009: 5868:House of Commons 5836:Local government 5770: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5676:Renewable energy 5661:hydroelectricity 5499: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5331: 5330: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5287: 5286: 5220:Dependencies and 4919:Sovereign states 4905: 4898: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4739:Great Divergence 4654:Age of Discovery 4599:Late Middle Ages 4569:High Middle Ages 4480:Byzantine Empire 4463:Christianization 4453:Migration Period 4388:Classical Greece 4360:Neolithic Europe 4332: 4325: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4303:BBC NI – History 4299: 4276:Smyth, Jim, ed. 4197: 4109:(Belfast, 1992.) 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3578:. Archived from 3572: 3566: 3565: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3524:. 12 April 2017. 3514: 3508: 3507: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3454:. 6 March 2017. 3444: 3438: 3437: 3432:. 6 March 2017. 3422: 3416: 3415: 3410:. 3 March 2017. 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3384:on 22 March 2017 3380:. Archived from 3369: 3363: 3362: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3121: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3018: 3012: 3011: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2967: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2931: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2901:. Archived from 2894: 2888: 2887: 2875: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2842: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2780: 2774: 2767: 2761: 2754: 2748: 2745:History Ireland, 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2724: 2717: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2692:on 16 March 2007 2681: 2675: 2674: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2455: 2449: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2424:on 15 April 2016 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2394:on 15 April 2016 2380: 2374: 2373: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2217: 2206: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2111: 2094: 2091: 2034:Michelle O'Neill 2010:Michelle O'Neill 1868:Prime Minister, 1786:On 5 June 2008, 1771:and Sinn Féin's 1745:Operation Banner 1629:Ulster Unionists 1582:its constitution 1540:, leader of the 1437:a decade later. 1180:protests of 1968 1134:Northern Ireland 1079:Londonderry Port 1071:Northern Ireland 1011:Second World War 994:Republican Clubs 962:in 1941 and the 960:Second World War 666:Southern Ireland 661:Northern Ireland 659:the island into 639:Northern Ireland 597:Labour Unionists 532:Irish Volunteers 504:Curragh incident 491:Irish Volunteers 417:Home Rule League 392:House of Commons 282:Northern Ireland 271: 264: 257: 243: 242: 241: 164:Northern Ireland 155:Irish Free State 55: 45: 27: 26: 9179: 9178: 9174: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9144: 9143: 9142: 9137: 9128: 9126: 9111: 9079:outside Ireland 9050:Historic houses 9018: 8999:Irish Wolfhound 8970:Brighid's Cross 8956: 8927:Gaelic handball 8922:Gaelic football 8893: 8864:Hiberno-Normans 8833: 8746: 8694: 8649: 8630:Hiberno-English 8616: 8561: 8522: 8476: 8382: 8361: 8304: 8286: 8276: 8266: 8207: 8198:Ulster loyalism 8172: 8151: 8069: 7993: 7972: 7931: 7857:Dublin lock-out 7793:Confederate War 7744:Norman invasion 7731:Battles of Tara 7719: 7675:1801–1923 7663:1691–1800 7658:1536–1691 7646:1169–1536 7599: 7586: 7562: 7554: 7524: 7519: 7518: 7486: 7485: 7447:Interwar period 7442:First World War 7411: 7410: 7364: 7363: 7262:Medieval period 7256: 7255: 7207: 7206: 7148: 7139: 7138: 7122:Channel Islands 7058:Isles of Scilly 7028: 7023: 6993: 6988: 6977: 6948: 6930:Declared states 6925: 6884: 6870: 6865: 6835: 6830: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6782: 6695: 6596: 6509: 6418: 6397: 6302: 6258:Public holidays 6238:Life expectancy 6129: 6091: 6071:London Exchange 6067:Stock exchanges 6055: 6054:Pound sterling 6022:Bank of England 5991: 5982:Royal Air Force 5958: 5899: 5831:Law enforcement 5747: 5656:hydraulic frac. 5617: 5598:Lakes and lochs 5545: 5541:Former colonies 5480: 5476:Women's history 5451:Law enforcement 5417: 5363:First World War 5320: 5314: 5284: 5279: 5263: 5221: 5215: 5201:Northern Cyprus 5183: 5177: 5093:North Macedonia 4914: 4909: 4879: 4874: 4813: 4779:Interwar period 4754:Napoleonic Wars 4618: 4589:Mongol invasion 4542:Crown of Aragon 4434: 4374: 4370:Iron Age Europe 4341: 4336: 4290: 4287: 4242: 4194: 4156:Wayback Machine 4102: 4100:Further reading 4097: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3939: 3935: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3784:The Irish Times 3778: 3777: 3773: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3656: 3652: 3643:. 4 July 2017. 3635: 3634: 3630: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3582:on 20 June 2018 3574: 3573: 3569: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3467: 3463: 3452:blogs.lse.ac.uk 3446: 3445: 3441: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3370: 3366: 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2215: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2182: 2180: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2157: 2155: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2124: 2122: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2046: 2018: 1981: 1957: 1949:David Lidington 1934:introduced the 1909: 1881:hung parliament 1809: 1803: 1777:You Raise Me Up 1765: 1714: 1691:Lord Lieutenant 1660:Denis Donaldson 1605:Ulster Unionist 1494: 1486:Main articles: 1484: 1479: 1471:Albert Reynolds 1443:Ulster Covenant 1402:(1981) and the 1392: 1285:Provisional IRA 1273: 1226:James Callaghan 1196:Apprentice Boys 1156:Terence O'Neill 1142:mainland Europe 1127: 1122: 1116: 1059: 1053: 1024: 1018: 1013: 964:Border Campaign 828:Sir James Craig 824:Prime Ministers 812: 759:self-government 755: 691:Ulster Covenant 649: 627: 621:(UVF) as well. 607:Anglo-Irish War 516: 436:Ulster Covenant 428:Irish unionists 380: 354:attacks during 275: 239: 237: 232: 231: 177: 169: 168: 146: 143: 121: 113: 112: 63: 43: 36: 23: 12: 11: 5: 9177: 9167: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9139: 9138: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9090: 9081: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9045:Heritage Sites 9042: 9037: 9032: 9026: 9024: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8995: 8994: 8984: 8979: 8972: 8966: 8964: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8869:Irish diaspora 8866: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8857:Gaelic Ireland 8849: 8843: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8831: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8756: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8717: 8710: 8704: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8670: 8665: 8659: 8657: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8614: 8609: 8600: 8598:Rose of Tralee 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8569: 8567: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8542: 8536: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8484: 8482: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8407:List of dishes 8403: 8401: 8394: 8384: 8383: 8371: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8326: 8325: 8323:D'Hondt method 8314: 8312: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8302: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8284:Seanad Éireann 8280: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8217: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8184: 8182: 8174: 8173: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8077: 8075: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8067: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8024:Extreme points 8021: 8016: 8014:Climate change 8011: 8005: 8003: 7995: 7994: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7832:1803 Rebellion 7829: 7824: 7822:1798 Rebellion 7819: 7814: 7809: 7807:Williamite War 7804: 7795: 7789:1641 Rebellion 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7769:Spanish Armada 7766: 7761: 7759:Tudor conquest 7756: 7751: 7749:Bruce campaign 7746: 7741: 7727: 7725: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7695: 7694:(1921–present) 7689: 7684: 7682:Irish Republic 7679: 7678: 7677: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7660: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7643: 7641:800–1169 7632:Gaelic Ireland 7629: 7624: 7619: 7613: 7611: 7601: 7600: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7576: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7553: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7530: 7521: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7426:United Kingdom 7422: 7421: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7366: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7315:Medieval Wales 7312: 7311: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7234: 7229: 7227:Roman Scotland 7224: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7193: 7192: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7170: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7119: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7085:Outer Hebrides 7082: 7080:Inner Hebrides 7077: 7072: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7043:United Kingdom 7039: 7038: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7007: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6969: 6963: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6943:Irish Republic 6940: 6933: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6899: 6896:Gaelic Ireland 6892: 6890: 6886: 6885: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6864: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6841: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6816: 6815: 6808: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6743: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6734:First Minister 6731: 6726: 6716: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6651: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6642:First Minister 6639: 6634: 6624: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6606: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6557: 6552: 6551: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6530: 6525: 6519: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6443: 6432: 6430: 6420: 6419: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6312: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6209: 6208: 6203: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6125:Rail transport 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6064: 6059: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6013: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5947:Prime Minister 5944: 5943: 5942: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5909: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5895:Shadow Cabinet 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5873:House of Lords 5870: 5860: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5806: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5715: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5555: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5503:Administrative 5492: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5436: 5431: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5385: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: articles 5317:United Kingdom 5313: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5290: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5277: 5275:European Union 5271: 5269: 5268:Other entities 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5222:other entities 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5187: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5168:United Kingdom 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4981:Czech Republic 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4908: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4729:Russian Empire 4726: 4721: 4719:British Empire 4716: 4714:Dutch Republic 4711: 4709:Swedish Empire 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4689:Spanish Empire 4686: 4681: 4679:Ottoman Empire 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4594:Serbian Empire 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4466: 4465: 4455: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4430:Late antiquity 4427: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4393:Roman Republic 4390: 4384: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4351: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4286: 4285:External links 4283: 4282: 4281: 4274: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4245:Adamson, Ian. 4241: 4240:Historiography 4238: 4237: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4205: 4198: 4192: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4149:online edition 4138: 4137:(Dublin, 1981) 4131: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4068: 4042: 4016: 4003:Independent.ie 3990: 3971: 3959: 3933: 3915: 3897: 3879: 3870:"Royal Assent" 3861: 3843: 3825: 3807: 3789: 3771: 3753: 3735: 3702: 3676: 3650: 3628: 3605: 3593: 3567: 3564:. 9 June 2017. 3549: 3527: 3509: 3487: 3461: 3439: 3417: 3395: 3364: 3344: 3326: 3308: 3287: 3264: 3238: 3216: 3209: 3184: 3159: 3137: 3113: 3101: 3099:, p. 188) 3088: 3067: 3060: 3042: 3035: 3013: 3006: 2988: 2978: 2949: 2942: 2916: 2889: 2882: 2860: 2853: 2827: 2820: 2802: 2795: 2775: 2762: 2749: 2736: 2703: 2676: 2654: 2647: 2629: 2622: 2604: 2579: 2562: 2538: 2531: 2508: 2493: 2473: 2450: 2435: 2405: 2375: 2368: 2348: 2330: 2307: 2298: 2273: 2251: 2232: 2193: 2168: 2135: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2017: 2014: 1980: 1977: 1956: 1953: 1925:set in Belgium 1908: 1905: 1805:Main article: 1802: 1799: 1788:Peter Robinson 1764: 1761: 1713: 1710: 1652:Special Branch 1586:United Ireland 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1400:hunger strikes 1391: 1388: 1308:dissolved the 1272: 1269: 1223:Home Secretary 1160:fundamentalist 1153:prime minister 1126: 1123: 1118:Main article: 1115: 1112: 1052: 1049: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 905:one-party rule 876:in the 1960s. 870:City of London 862:City of London 811: 808: 754: 751: 645:Main article: 626: 623: 540:James Connolly 515: 512: 478:Home Rule Bill 404:House of Lords 400:United Kingdom 379: 376: 277: 276: 274: 273: 266: 259: 251: 248: 247: 234: 233: 230: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 157: 152: 150:Irish Republic 147: 140: 138: 133: 128: 126:Gaelic Ireland 122: 119: 118: 115: 114: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 64: 61: 60: 57: 56: 48: 47: 38: 37: 30: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9176: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9136: 9135: 9122: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9102:Public houses 9100: 9098: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9021: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8959: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8836: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8824: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8813: 8811: 8810: 8806: 8804: 8803: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8715: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8697: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8479: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8376: 8372: 8358: 8357:Peace process 8355: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8307: 8301: 8298: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8287:(upper house) 8285: 8281: 8279: 8277:(lower house) 8275: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8214: 8210: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8193:Republicanism 8191: 8189: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8166: 8162: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8066: 8062: 8059: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7987: 7983: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7934: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7907:Peace process 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7887:The Emergency 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7867:Easter Rising 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7852:Fenian Rising 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7627:Early history 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7565: 7561: 7558: 7551: 7546: 7544: 7539: 7537: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7509:House of York 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428:(since 1707) 7427: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7360: 7359:Medieval Mann 7357: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7294: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7259: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7241:Roman Ireland 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7222:Roman Britain 7220: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7146: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7053:Isle of Wight 7051: 7050: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7020: 7015: 7013: 7008: 7006: 7001: 7000: 6997: 6984: 6983: 6980: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6921: 6918: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6887: 6882: 6878: 6873: 6869: 6862: 6857: 6855: 6850: 6848: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6299: 6298:Welfare state 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6243:Mental health 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6186:Ethnic groups 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6110:Bus transport 6108: 6106: 6105:Air transport 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6050: 6049:Manufacturing 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5925:Civil service 5923: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5851:republicanism 5849: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5758: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5671:North Sea oil 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5569:Great Britain 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5559:British Isles 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5358:Edwardian era 5356: 5354: 5353:Victorian era 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5234:Faroe Islands 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5206:South Ossetia 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5053:Liechtenstein 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4901: 4899: 4894: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4825:Art of Europe 4823: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4624:Modern period 4621: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4234: 4230: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4193:0-7190-1827-7 4189: 4185: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3911: 3910:parliament.uk 3907: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3857: 3856:parliament.uk 3853: 3847: 3839: 3838:parliament.uk 3835: 3829: 3821: 3820:parliament.uk 3817: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3597: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3291: 3275: 3268: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3226: 3220: 3212: 3210:1-57500-077-6 3206: 3202: 3198: 3195:(1999). "21: 3194: 3193:Taylor, Peter 3188: 3173: 3169: 3163: 3147: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3118: 3110: 3105: 3098: 3092: 3077: 3071: 3063: 3061:0-275-97378-6 3057: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3029:. p. 2. 3028: 3024: 3017: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2985: 2981: 2979:0-8050-6087-1 2975: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2956: 2954: 2945: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2920: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2885: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2864: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2831: 2823: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2798: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2779: 2772: 2766: 2759: 2753: 2746: 2740: 2721: 2714: 2707: 2691: 2687: 2680: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2650: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2534: 2532:9781349194667 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2494:9781443817448 2490: 2486: 2485: 2477: 2461: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2409: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2371: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2318: 2311: 2302: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2242:Alvin Jackson 2236: 2229: 2214: 2210: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2179:. 27 May 2021 2178: 2172: 2165: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2139: 2132: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2106: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1932:Karen Bradley 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1798: 1796: 1795:Arlene Foster 1791: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1734: 1733:David Trimble 1730: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1702:Omagh Bombing 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1687:Mary McAleese 1684: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617:Seamus Mallon 1614: 1610: 1609:David Trimble 1607:party leader 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1554:David Trimble 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1380:Balkanisation 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1357:Harold Wilson 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1340:cross-border 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1281:Bloody Sunday 1278: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1172:Austin Currie 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1121: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1099:stone frigate 1095: 1091: 1090: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1048: 1046: 1045:J. M. Andrews 1041: 1040:Belfast blitz 1037: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1022:Belfast Blitz 1008: 1006: 1001: 999: 998:abstentionist 995: 991: 985: 983: 978: 976: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 956:Belfast blitz 953: 948: 946: 945:David Trimble 942: 938: 934: 930: 925: 922: 918: 913: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 889: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 858:Plural voting 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 835:gerrymandered 831: 829: 825: 816: 807: 805: 801: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 760: 749: 744: 742: 736: 731: 729: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 698: 697: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 671:Edward Carson 668: 667: 662: 658: 654: 648: 640: 636: 631: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 598: 594: 590: 585: 581: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 536:Thomas Clarke 533: 529: 526:and later as 525: 521: 511: 509: 505: 501: 496: 492: 488: 483: 479: 474: 472: 468: 464: 463:Great Britain 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432:Edward Carson 429: 425: 420: 418: 413: 412:Liberal Party 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 272: 267: 265: 260: 258: 253: 252: 250: 249: 246: 236: 235: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 179: 173: 172: 165: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 145: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 123: 117: 116: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 66: 65: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 40: 39: 34: 29: 28: 25: 21: 16: 9125: 9095: / 9086: / 9077: / 9055:Homelessness 8974: 8942:Road bowling 8937:Martial arts 8884:Ulster Scots 8821: 8814: 8807: 8800: 8793: 8786: 8765:Mythological 8712: 8672: 8645:Ulster Scots 8605: / 8544: 8472:Three-in-One 8283: 8274:Dáil Éireann 8273: 8263: 8221:Constitution 8110: / 8081:Architecture 8063: / 7936:Other topics 7917:Celtic Tiger 7902:The Troubles 7800: / 7791: / 7737: / 7733: / 7702: 7634: / 7622:Protohistory 7103: 6898:(until 1607) 6676:Homelessness 6522: 6490:Homelessness 6273:Social class 6253:Prostitution 6196:Homelessness 5977:British Army 5809:Human rights 5797:By-elections 5777:Constitution 5348:Georgian era 5211:Transnistria 5173:Vatican City 4784:World War II 4637:Early modern 4614:Kalmar Union 4485:Papal States 4403:Roman Empire 4295: 4277: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4232: 4225: 4218: 4208: 4201: 4200:Hill, John. 4183: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4144: 4134: 4127: 4120: 4113: 4106: 4085:. 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