6885:
göre buradaki problem de sayım sonuçlarından ziyade terminoloji ile ilgilidir ve Tahrir-i Cedid sonuçlarında aktarılan ahâli-i kadîme nüfusu, Kırım ve Kafkas muhacirlerinin bölgede iskânından önceki Türk ve diğer Müslüman unsurların sayısını değil, onlarla birlikte on yıllık vergi muafiyeti süresinin dolmasından sonra ahali-i kadîme sayılan Kırım muhacirlerini de ihtiva etmektedir. Şöyle ki, Midhat Paşa'nın, 1271 senesinde Tulça Sancağı'nda (Mecidiye'de) iskân edilmiş olan Kırım muhacirlerinin 1281 sonunda muafiyet sürelerinin dolacak olması ve bunlardan 1282 Mart'ından itibaren öşür ve vergi alınacak olması sebebiyle muhacirlere tarh ve tevzi edilecek verginin önceden kararlaştırılması için 2 Eylül 1865'de
Sadaret'e başvurması üzerine, Tulça Sancağı'nda meskûn muhacirlerin 1 Mart 1282'de (13 Mart 1866), "mazhar oldukları müddet-i muafiyet tekmil olarak kendileri artık ahali-i kadîme sırasına geçmiş ve bu cihetle emsâli misillû bunların dahi hal ve iktidarları gözetilerek virgülerinin tarh ve tevzii zamanı gelmiş olduğuna" karar verilmiştir. Keza, Vidin'e bağlı Adliye kazasında Rahoviçe-i Kebir köyünde meskûn Kırım muhacirlerinin de 1873'de köylerine muhacir aşarı malından cami yapılmasını talep etmeleri üzerine, liva muhacir komisyonu, muafiyet müddetlerinin 1287 senesi sonunda (12 Mart 1872) bitmesi hasebiyle "ahali-i kadîme hükmüne girdikleri" için kendilerine muhacir aşarından para aktarılamayacağına hükmetmiştir. Ayrıca, yukarıda da belirtildiği üzere on yıllık vergi muafiyeti dolan muhacirler "ahali-i kadîme misillû" vergilendirilmişlerdir. Bu örnekler vergi muafiyeti süresi dolan Kırım muhacirlerinin ahali-i kadîme sınıfına geçtiklerini göstermektedir. Bu konuda başka bir örnek de şudur: Vidin Sancağı köylerinde Tahrir-i Cedid sonuçlarını yansıtan ve aşağıda ele alınacak olan bir cetvelde Müslüman unsurlar, İslam milleti (11.048) ve Aşâir (Çerkez) (6.522) şeklinde kaydedilmişlerdir. Cetvelde Çerkez muhacirlerin vergi muafiyetlerinin dolmadığı not edilmiştir. Ancak, Tatar ve Nogay muhacirlerden bahis yoktur.213 Burada da Kırım muhacirlerinin, Kuyûd-u Atîk'de olduğu gibi, İslam milleti içinde kaydedildikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Tahrir-i Cedid'de aktarılan muhacir sayısı 1863–1864'de gelen ve muhacir statüsü devam eden Çerkez muhacirleri gösteriyor olmalıdır.214 1292 Salnâmesinde de eksik de olsa yalnızca Çerkez muhacirlerden söz edilmesi bu ihtimali güçlendirmektedir.
6888:[However, it is surprising to see that the number of settled Muhacir in the Danube Vilayet is only 64,398 (128,796, including the women)—excluding the Nis Sanjak. Because this number is far below even the number of Muhacir determined by the Ottoman authorities in 1861-1862. In our opinion, the problem here is related to terminology rather than census results, and the number of "Established Muslims" reported in the Tahrir-i Cedid results does not represent the number of Turks and other Muslims established in the vilayet prior to the settlement of the Crimean and Caucasian Muhacir, but the population whose ten-year tax exemption period had expired. The count therefore also includes Crimean settlers, who are considered to be “established”. Midhat Pasha namely stated that the tax that is levied and distributed among Muhacir had been paid in advance because the exemption period of the Crimean Muhacir settled in the Tulça Sanjak (Mecidiye) in 1271 would expire at the end of 1281 and that they would be liable to tithe collection and taxation from March 1282…. Likewise, when the Crimean settlers, residing in the village of Rahovice-i Kebir in the Adliye district of Vidin, demanded that a mosque be built in their village using the tithe of the Muhacir in 1873, the vilayet's colonisation commission decided that the exemption period had expired at the end of 1287 (12 March 1872). They ruled that the money from the tithe of the Muhacir could not be allocated to them, since they had entered the group of “Established Muslims”. In addition, as mentioned above, Muhacir whose ten-year tax exemption has expired were taxed as “Established Muslims”. These examples show that Crimean settlers, whose tax exemption period has expired, had passed into the “Established Muslims” group. Another example in this regard is, as follows: In a table that reflects the results of Tahrir-i Cedid in the villages of Vidin Sanjak, which will be discussed below, the Muslims were recorded as “Established” (11,048) and “Muhacir” (Circassian) (6,522). It is noted in the chart that the tax exemptions of the Circassian Muhacir have not expired. However, there is no mention of Tatar and Nogay settlers. Therefore, the number of settlers (Muhacir) quoted in Tahrir-i Cedid must indicate Circassian immigrants who came in 1863-1864 and whose Muhacir status continues.]
6640:[In order to determine demographic mobility and understand the effect of Crimean and Caucasian immigration, we should use the summary population data from 1859-1860 as a basis... And we must keep in mind that even though the Silistra and Mecidiye kazas were heavily settled, they had not been included in the results. In the period from 1859-1860 to 1874, the Muslim population of the region, apart from the Nis Sanjak, went up from 261,522 to 481,798 males, an increase of 84.23% (220,276 males); while the non-Muslim population went up from 430,065 to 659,253 males, or an increase of 53.29% (229,188 males), which led to an increase in the total population from 691,587 to 1,141,051, or 65.02%. In the process, the percentage of Muslims increased from 37.81% to 42.22%, while non-Muslims decreased from 62.19% to 57.88%. Therefore, between 1859-1860 and 1874, the male/female-aggregated population of the region increased by 898,928 people, of whom 440,552 were Muslims and 458,376 were non-Muslims. According to this data, the Crimean and Caucasian immigrants who were settled in the Danube vilayet, apart from the Nis Sanjak, should be sought among these 440,552 Muslims, while taking into account the natural population growth in the Muslim population]
6534:
is one-sided and only partly true, for it ignores the differences in growth rates between Muslim and non-Muslim groups. The non-Muslim population actually grew at a fairly fast rate after the 1830s—probably 2 percent annually; the Muslim population declined or remained the same in number. There are indications, however, that fertility rates among the
Muslims began to increase after 1850. The causes of the disproportionate fertility rates among the two groups are to be found in the special economic and social conditions which favoured non-Muslims and penalized the Muslims, especially Turks. Male Turks spent their peak reproductive years in military service and were unable to marry and settle down to take advantage of economic opportunities. Then, when in the nineteenth century the Ottoman state was exposed to the influence of the European capitalist economy and to intensified internal and international trade, several non-Muslim groups became the early recipients of the economic benefits—and the promoters as well—of the new economic system.
3342:
1054:
6638:
ve 536.748 Gayrimüslim nüfus kaydedilmiş olduğunu hatırlatmalıyız. 1859–1860'tan 1874'e kadar Niş Sancağı hariç bölgedeki Müslüman nüfus, %84,23 (220.276 kişi) artışla 261.522'den 481.798'e; Gayrimüslim nüfus %53,29 (229.188 kişi) artışla 430.065'den 659.253'e ve toplam nüfus ise %65,02 artışla 691.587'den 1.141.051'e yükselmiştir. Bu süreçte Müslüman nüfus oranı %37,81'den %42,22'ye çıkarken, Gayrimüslim nüfus oranı %62,19'dan %57,88'e gerilemiştir. Dolayısıyla 1859–1860 ile 1874 yılları arasında kadınlarla birlikte bölgedeki nüfus 440.552'si Müslüman ve 458.376'sı Gayrimüslim olmak üzere 898.928 kişi artmıştır. Bu verilere göre, Niş Sancağı dışında Tuna bölgesinde iskân edilen Kırım ve Kafkas muhacirleri, Müslüman nüfustaki doğal nüfus artışı da göz önünde bulundurularak söz konusu 440.552 Müslüman nüfus içinde aranmalıdır.
68:
5163:
5191:
5139:
994:
5116:
219:
1378:
6602:(40.51% vs. 59.49%) is close to each other, even though a number of immigrants had not been included in the 1865 registry. This indicates that the fertility rate and population growth rate among Bulgarians and other non-Muslim population is higher than among Turks and other Muslims. Despite this, the relative ratio of the population is preserved thanks to the Crimean and Caucasian immigrants settled in the province, and the ratio of Muslims has even increased slightly. Looking at the data of 1859-1860, this issue is understood more clearly.]
1752:
1107:
1441:
ratio of 3:1 or 75 per cent to 25 per cent) following the wide-scale migration of
Muslims from Anatolia and emigration of Christians to Wallachia, etc. Both the Christian and Muslim population then grew steadily until the 1580s, reaching approx. 1.8 million, or 1.2 million Christians and 0.6 million Muslims (or a Christian-to-Muslim ratio of 2:1 or 66 per cent to 33 per cent), where the higher growth among the Muslims is attributed to both conversion of Christians and the last waves of Muslim migrants from Anatolia.
653:
962:, scholarly consensus leans very much the other way. Christian parents are described to have resented the forced recruitment of their children, and would beg and seek to buy their children out of the levy. Many different ways of avoiding the devshirme are mentioned, including: marrying the boys at the age of 12, mutilating them or having both father and son convert to Islam. In 1565, the practice led to a revolt in Albania and Epirus, where the inhabitants killed the recruiting officials.
1224:
7555:
534:
2447:, the Tatar and Circassian colonisation of the vilayet not only offset the heavy Muslim population losses earlier in the century, but also counteracted continuted population loss and led to an increase in its Muslim population. In this connection, Karpat also refers to the material differences between Muslim and non-Muslim fertility rates, with non-Muslims growing at the rate of 2% per annum and Muslims usually averaging 0%.
883:
6593:
genelinde doğurganlık oranının ve nüfus artış hızının Türk ve diğer Müslüman unsurlardan daha yüksek olduğunu; buna rağmen vilâyette iskân edilen Kırım ve Kafkas muhacirleri sayesinde nüfus yüzdelerinin korunduğu gibi, Müslüman nüfus oranının bir miktar arttığını göstermektedir. 1859-1860 verilerine bakıldığında bu husus daha net olarak anlaşılmaktadır.
3325:
of 33,825 males, or 67,650 people, for the
Muhacir), the categorisation of the first wave of refugees as Established (net loss and net gain of 93,000 people for the Established Muslims and Muhacir, respectively), and considering that the Est. Muslims category was also estimated to include some 20,000 Pomaks, mostly living in the region of
5162:
5190:
5138:
698:) directly from him, or from the Beylerbeys. This category of land could not be sold or inherited but reverted to the Sultan when the fiefholder died. The lands were organised as private possessions of the Sultan or Ottoman nobility, called "mülk", and also as an economic base for religious foundations, called
6727:"Up until the Treaty of Berlin, the Dobruca region, which the Muslim population at the center of this study inhabited, consisted of the entire sancak (district) of Tulça (with the kazas of Babadağı, Hırşova, Sünne, Köstence, Maçin, and Mecidiye) and one of the four kazas of the sancak of Varna (Mankalya)."
6533:
The assessment of fertility rates is an absolute necessity for the understanding of the growth rate of the
Ottoman population. It is generally assumed that during the first thirty years of the nineteenth century the Ottoman population decreased, beginning to increase again after 1850. This assumption
3308:
The division of
Muslims into "Established" and "Muhacir" in the 1873-1874 Census and the 1875 Ottoman Salname was not based on origin, as the name might suggest, but on "taxability". Thus, colonists whose tax exemption had expired and were liable to taxation (i.e., those of them who had settled prior
6592:
Ancak, en dikkat çekici nokta, Kuyûd-ı Atîk'de yazılmamış olan muhacirlerin ilave edilmiş olmasına rağmen Tahrir-i Cedid'deki Müslim-Gayrimüslim nüfus yüzdesi (%42,22-%57,78) ile Kuyûd-ı Atîk'deki nüfus yüzdelerinin (%40,51-%59,49) birbirine yakın oluşudur. Bu durum, Bulgarlarda ve Gayrimüslim nüfus
6554:
The percentage of the Muslim population in the Rumili increased substantially after 1860. There is no question that this increase resulted from the immigration of the Tatars and
Circassians. The immigration not only made up for the heavy losses suffered in the various wars fought since 1812 but also
3324:
Adjusting for territorial changes (net loss of 9,422 males, or 18,844 people, for the Est. Muslims and 1,465 males, or 2,930 people, for the
Bulgarians), the incorrect entry or carry-over of Muhacir from the '73-74 Census (net loss of 13,825 males, or 27,650 people, for the Est. Muslims and net gain
1440:
The effect of the
Ottoman conquest on Bulgarian demography is uncertain and subject to much contention. However, the population of present-day Bulgaria in the 1450s is estimated to have hit a low of 600,000 people, divided into approx. 450,000 Christians and 150,000 Muslims (or a Christian-to-Muslim
1076:
in the
Western Rhodopes by Evgeni Radushev reveal a complex set of factors behind the process. These include: pre-existing high population density owing to the late inclusion of the two mountainous regions in the Ottoman system of taxation; immigration of Christian Bulgarians from lowland regions to
984:
visited Constantinople in 1491, he met many Janissaries who not only remembered their former religion and their native land but also favoured their former coreligionists. One of them told him that he regretted having left the religion of his fathers and that he prayed at night before the cross which
6884:
Ancak, Tuna Vilâyeti'nde meskûn muhacir sayısının –Niş Sancağı hariç– yalnızca 64.398 (kadınlarla birlikte 128.796) olarak gösterilmesi ilk bakışta şaşırtıcıdır. Çünkü bu sayı daha 1861-1862'de Osmanlı makamları tarafından tespit edilmiş olan muhacir sayısının dahi oldukça gerisindedir. Kanaatimize
6637:
Demografik hareketliliğin tespiti ve Kırım ve Kafkas muhacirlerinin etkisinin anlaşılabilmesi için 1859–1860 icmal nüfus verileri esas alınmalıdır... Buna göre, Kırım muhacirlerinin yoğun olarak iskân edildikleri Mecidiye ile Sünne sancakları yazılmadığı halde, 1859–1860'ta bölgede 284.934 Müslüman
1097:
These factors had an impact on the entire country. Due to them, the population of Ottoman Bulgaria is presumed to have dropped twofold from a peak of approx. 1.8 million (1.2 million Christians and 0.6 million Muslims) in the 1580s to approx. 0.9 million in the 1680s (450,000 Christians and 450,000
1024:
However, Ottomans never pursued or practiced forced Islamisation of the Bulgarian population, as had earlier been claimed by Communist Bulgarian historiography. According to scholarly consensus, conversion to Islam was voluntary as it offered Bulgarians religious and economic benefits. According to
5099:
According to British diplomat Drummond-Wolff, apart from Turks, Islam millet also included 25,000 Muslim Bulgarians, 10,000 Tatars and Nogays and 10,000 Circassians. At the same time, British historian R.J. Moore has identified 4,000 male Greeks (or 8,000 in total) in the Sanjak of Filibe, and the
3320:
Unlike the Circassian colonisation in 1864 and later years, where precise numbers are elusive, the settlement of Crimean Tatars, Nogais, etc. in 1855-1862 has been documented minutely. Out of a total of 34,344 households with 142,852 members (or 4.16 members per household on average) settled along
1093:
in the 1600s that caused crop failures and widespread famine; heavy corruption and overtaxation by local landholders—all of which led to a slow, but steady process of Islamisation until the mid-1600s when the tax burden became so unbearable that most of the remaining Christians either converted en
974:
They gather together and one tells another of his native land and of what he heard in church or learned in school there, and they agree among themselves that Muhammad is no prophet and that the Turkish religion is false. If there is one among them who has some little book or can teach them in some
3333:
in 1875 was estimated at 2,085,224 people, of whom 1,187,564 were Bulgarians (56.96%); 546,776 Turks (26.22%); 215,828 Crimean and Circassian Muhacir (10.35%); 49,392 Muslim Romani (2.35%); 30,380 Miscellaneous Christians (1.46%); 20,000 Pomaks (0.96%); 14,606 Christian Romani (0.70%); 9,190 Jews
1004:
Islam in Bulgaria spread through both colonisation with Muslims from Asia Minor and conversion of native Bulgarians. The Ottomans' mass population transfers began in the late 1300s and continued well into the 1500s. Most of these, but far from all, were involuntary. The first community settled in
830:
Christians faced a number of other restrictions: they were barred from testifying against Muslims in inter-faith legal disputes. Even though they were free to perform their own religious rituals, this had to be done in a manner that was inconspicuous to Muslims, i.e., loud prayers or bell ringing
5115:
2450:
Koyuncu also notes a much higher natural rate of increase among Non-Muslims and attributes the tremendous rate of increase in the Muslim population of the five Bulgarian sanjaks plus the Sanjak of Tulça of 84.23% (220,276 males) vs. 53.29% (229,188 males) for Non-Muslims from 1860 to 1875 to the
3337:
Of particular note is that fully 10% of the total population, and 25% of all Muslims in the sanjaks, were made up of non-native refugees/colonists, who had arrived only 10 to 20 years before, and whose area of settlement had been carefully picked by the Ottoman authorities in order to: increase
5103:
Thus, Eastern Rumelia's total population of 912,114 people prior to the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) was divided into 528,673 Christian Bulgarians (57.96%), 257,322 Turks (28.21%), 35,693 Greeks (3.91%), 31,634 Muslim Romani (3.47%), 25,000 Pomaks or Muslim Bulgarians (2.74%), 20,000 Muhacir
3309:
to 1862—Crimean Tatars, Nogais, etc. and a minority of Circassians) were counted as "Established", while colonists who still benefited from a tax exemption (as a rule, Circassians arriving in 1864 or later) were regarded as "Muhacir". Contemporary European geographers, such as German-English
1734:
By using primary population records from the Danube Vilayet, Bulgarian statistician Dimitar Arkadiev has found that men aged 15–60 represented, on average, 49.5% of all males and that the coefficient that would make it possible to calculate the entire male population is therefore
1038:
Meanwhile he (the Turk) wins (converts) by craft more than by force, and snatches away Christ by fraud out of the hearts of men. For the Turk, it is true, at the present time compels no country by violence to apostatise; but he uses other means whereby imperceptibly he roots out
1476:, the population of present-day Bulgaria in the 1680s is assumed to have dropped to approx. 0.9 million in the 1680s, divided into 450,000 Christians and 450,000 Muslims (or a ratio of 1:1). From the early 1700s, the Christian population is assumed to have started growing again.
1044:
Thus, in a number of cases, conversion to Islam can be said to have been the result of tax coercion, due to the much lower tax burden on Muslims. While some authors have argued that other factors, such as desire to retain social status, were of greater importance, Turkish writer
702:, as well as other people. The system was meant to make the army self-sufficient and to continuously increase the number of Ottoman cavalry soldiers, thus both fuelling new conquests and bringing conquered countries under direct Ottoman control.
5100:
British consulary service additional 22,000 in the Sanjak of İslimye and 5,693 in the Manastır nahiya, or a total of 35,693 Greeks, who had been counted together with the Orthodox Bulgarians. In turn, all Catholics were Bulgarian Paulicians.
822:
Bulgarians also paid a number of other taxes, including a tithe ("yushur"), a land tax ("ispench"), a levy on commerce, and various irregularly collected taxes, products and corvees ("avariz"). Generally, the overall tax burden on the
944:
Non-Muslims did not serve in the Sultan's army. The exception to this were some groups of the population with specific statute, usually used for auxiliary or rear services, and the infamous blood tax (кръвен данък), also known as
909:
system and the autonomy each denomination had within legal, confessional, cultural and family matters, nevertheless, largely did not apply to Bulgarians and most other Orthodox peoples on the Balkans, as the independent
1184:
as part of their long war with the Ottomans. All of the uprisings were unsuccessful and were brutally suppressed . Most of them resulted in massive waves of exiles, often numbering hundreds of thousands. In 1739 the
7201:
Boykov, Grigor (2016). "The Human Cost of Warfare: Population Loss During the Ottoman Conquest and the Demographic History of Bulgaria in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.).
1739:. To compute total population, male figures are then usually doubled (Bulgarian authors have suggested a coefficient of 1.956, but this has not gained international acceptance). Using this method of computation,
1005:
present-day Bulgaria was made up of Tatars who willingly arrived to begin a settled life as farmers, the second one a tribe of nomads that had run afoul of the Ottoman administration. Both groups settled in the
1049:
has referred to the desire to stop paying jizya as a primary incentive for conversion to Islam in the Balkans, and Bulgarian researcher Anton Minkov has argued that it was one among several motivating factors.
7327:
1021:
in the mid-1400s. The goal of this "mixing of peoples" was to quell any unrest in the conquered Balkan states, while simultaneously getting rid of troublemakers in the Ottoman backyard in Anatolia.
955:
military corps or the Ottoman administrative system. The boys were picked from one in forty households. They had to be unmarried and, once taken, were ordered to cut all ties with their family.
2440:, with a minority of Circassians, who settled in the Danube Vilayet between 1855 and 1862, and a second one of some 35,000 Circassian families (140,000–175,000 settlers), who arrived in 1864.
3338:
Muslim population on the Balkans; cordon off Bulgaria from its neighbours and aid in fighting against a future Russian invasion, act as a counterbalance to Rumelia's Christian population.
6173:
From Rum Millet to Greek and Bulgarian Nations: Religious and National Debates in the Borderlands of the Ottoman Empire, 1870–1913, Theodora Dragostinova, Ohio State University, Columbus.
1287:. It referred to the separate legal courts pertaining to "personal law" under which religious communities were allowed to rule themselves under their own system. The Sultan regarded the
804:
accounting for the lion's share, or 81 per cent of the revenues. By the early 1600s, the timar system had virtually been abolished, and almost all land had been divided into estates (
6733:
929:
started making persistent efforts to hellenise Bulgarians as early as the early 1700s. It was only after the struggle for church autonomy in the mid-1800s and especially after the
610:
tabled a joint proposal for the creation of two autonomous Bulgarian vilayets, largely corresponding to the ethnic boundaries drawn a decade earlier with the establishment of the
1374:. Nevertheless, Bulgarian religious leaders continued to extend the borders of the Exarchate in the Ottoman Empire by conducting plebiscites in areas contested by both Churches.
7116:"Ethnic maps as political advertisements and instruments of symbolic nation-building and their role in influencing decision-making from Berlin (1877-1881), to Bucharest (1913)"
1085:
from the mid-1500s to the early 1700s; the resulting massive war expenses that led to a sixfold increase in the jizya rate from 1574 to 1691 and the imposition of a war-time
1013:
families to Northeastern Bulgaria in the 1490s. At the same time, there are records of at least two forced relocations of Bulgarians to Anatolia, one right after the fall of
6906:[CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF THE POPULATION OF THE BULGARIAN LANDS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE] (in Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute. pp. 25–26. Archived from
6242:[CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF THE POPULATION OF THE BULGARIAN LANDS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE] (in Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute. pp. 19–21. Archived from
1370:
in the religious organization of the Orthodox Church, and the secession from the Patriarchate was officially condemned by the Council in Constantinople in September 1872 as
922:(Greek Orthodox millet). Thus, instead of helping Christian Bulgarians maintain their customs and cultural identity, the millet system actually promoted their assimilation.
6596:[However, what is most striking is that the ratio between Muslim and Non-Muslims in the 1875 Salname (42.22% vs. 57.78%) and the 1865 Kuyûd-i Atik population registry
7587:
1444:
As a result of the near-constant war led by the Ottoman Empire from the mid-1500s to the late 1600s, the need for additional tax revenues, the sixfold increase in
1077:
avoid taxation throughout the 1400s; the relative poverty of the regions; early introduction of local Christian Bulgarians to Islam through contacts with nomadic
7512:
5950:
Osmanlı tarihi. Anadolu Selçukluları ve Anadolu Beylikleri Hakkında Bir Mukaddime İle Bir Mukaddime İle Osmanlı Devleti'nin Kuruluşundan İstanbul'un Fethine Kadar
846:, etc. Some of the most important Bulgarian cultural and economic centres in the 19th century owe their development to a former dervendji status, for example,
7166:[CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF THE POPULATION OF THE BULGARIAN LANDS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE] (in Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute. Archived from
6109:"The Human Cost of Warfare: Population Loss During the Ottoman Conquest and the Demographic History of Bulgaria in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era"
3286:
At the same time, a flash summary of the results of the Danube Vilayet Census published in the Danube Official Gazette on 18 October 1874 (also covering the
7163:
6903:
6239:
3341:
3300:, 64,398 vs. 30,573, and slightly fewer "established Muslims" than the final results published in 1875. According to Turkish Ottomanist Koyuncu, 13,825
1702:
For figures comparable with post-1878 data, Arkadiev has suggested using the formula N=2 x (Y x 2.02), cf below, which would give a total population of
8291:
1201:
was making itself felt in the area. The Russians, as fellow Orthodox Slavs, could appeal to the Bulgarians in a way that the Austrians could not. The
17:
5954:
From the Foundation of the Ottoman State to the Conquest of Istanbul with an Introduction concerning Seljuks of Anatolia and the Beyliks of Anatolia
800:, in lieu of military service. According to İnalcık, jizye was the single most important source of income (48 per cent) to the Ottoman budget, with
67:
8003:
1053:
1009:, in the vicinity of Plovdiv. Another large group of Tatars was moved by Mehmed I to Thrace in 1418, followed by the relocation of more than 1000
3075:
Male/female-aggregated estimates for the total population and all ethnoconfessional communities can be calculated using the formula suggested by
2371:
Male/female-aggregated estimates for the total population and all ethnoconfessional communities can be calculated using the formula suggested by
6071:Разпространението на исляма в българското село през Османската епоха (XV-XVIII век). Във: Мюсюлманската култура по българските земи. Изследвания
7504:
7440:
6088:
6037:
5487:
5449:
1359:
The foundation of the Exarchate was the direct result of the struggle of the Bulgarian Orthodox population against the domination of the Greek
722:
515:
7580:
6075:
The Spread of Islam in Bulgarian Rural Areas in the Ottoman Period (15th–18th Centuries). In: Islamic Culture in the Bulgarian Lands. Studies
3321:
the Danube, a total of 22,360 households with some 93,000 members were given land in kazas that became part of the Principality of Bulgaria.
815:
According to Radishev, overtaxation became a particularly poignant issue after jizye collection in most of the country was taken over by the
562:
2428:
Between 1855 and 1865, the population of the Danube Vilayet underwent seismic changes, as the Ottoman authorities settled more than 300,000
6730:
5986:
Tramontana, Felicita (2013). "The Poll Tax and the Decline of the Christian Presence in the Palestinian Countryside in the 17th Century".
6977:Мошин, А. (1877) Придунайская Болгария (Дунайский вилает). Статистико-экономический очерк. В: Славянский сборник, т. ІІ. Санкт Петербург,
965:
It was not rare for the boys to attempt to preserve their faith and some recollection of their homeland and their families. For example,
951:, where young Christian Bulgarian boys were taken from their families, enslaved and converted to Islam and later employed either in the
3304:
Circassians were carried over to the "established Muslims" column and additional 20,000 were left out or simply lost in the carry-over.
960:"some parents were often eager to have their children enrol in the Janissary service that ensured them a successful career and comfort"
3360:
on 19 October 1868, the Circassians were settled along the Danube in order to serve as live fortification and barrier against Russia.
831:
were forbidden. They were barred from certain professions, from riding horses, from wearing certain colours or from carrying weapons.
7768:
8232:
8051:
7725:
7573:
3170:
from the Sanjak of Sofia (male Muslim population of 2,896 and male non-Muslim population of 8,038) to the Ottoman Empire and the
1138:
3178:(male Muslim population of 149 and male non-Muslim population of 7,072) from the Sanjak of Niš to the Principality of Bulgaria.
6729:
For more see: Catalina Hunt (2015) Changing Identities at the Fringes of the Late Ottoman Empire: Dobruja Muslims, p. 33, url:
6017:(in Bulgarian), Sofia, pp. 72–73, 75–81, 89–93, 106–108, 126, 137–138, 246, 303–304, 314–315, 323–326, 328, 337–338, 347,
1292:
489:
633:, a self-governing, but functionally independent Ottoman vassal state was created. In 1885 the Ottoman autonomous province of
8010:
7662:
7424:
7224:
6022:
5972:
5790:
5759:
5732:
5699:
5666:
5636:
5606:
5579:
5534:
5472:
5434:
5409:
5349:
3174:
from the Sanjak of Varna (male Muslim population of 6,675 and male non-Muslim population of 499) to Romania and attached the
592:
5313:
8084:
7871:
1389:
In this way, in the struggle for recognition of a separate Church, the modern Bulgarian nation was created under the name
8296:
433:
5326:Санџак Софија Овај је санџак основан око г. 1393. (English:Sandžak Sofia This sandžak was founded around the year 1393.)
3514:
Ethnoconfessional Groups in the Future Eastern Rumelia as per the 1876 Ottoman Salname / 1875 Adrianople Vilayet Census
1403:
Armed resistance to the Ottoman rule escalated in the third quarter of the 19th century and reached its climax with the
8079:
7516:
5259:
1134:
1098:
Muslims), after growing steadily from a base of approx. 600,000 (450,000 Christians and 150,000 Muslims) in the 1450s.
449:
7488:
7465:
7417:
Christianity and Islam in the Western Rhodope Mountains and the Valley of the Mesta River from the 1500s to the 1730s
7259:
6143:
6115:. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 134, 143, 147.
6015:
Christianity and Islam in the Western Rhodope Mountains and the Valley of the Mesta River from the 1500s to the 1730s
5502:
5465:
Christianity and Islam in the Western Rhodope Mountains and the Valley of the Mesta River from the 1500s to the 1730s
5427:
Christianity and Islam in the Western Rhodope Mountains and the Valley of the Mesta River from the 1500s to the 1730s
5239:
1555:
1485:
626:
555:
423:
7829:
481:
1452:
in the 1600s that caused crop failures and widespread famine and several important Bulgarian uprisings, e.g., the
1202:
1110:
Overtaxation and a chain of Austrian military victories prompted three major Bulgarian uprisings in the late 1600s
7991:
7876:
6053:"Religious and Demographic Development in the South-Western Rhodopes in the Second Half of the Fifteenth Century"
5656:
The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 135-144
776:. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of 34,120 square miles (88,400 km) and incororated the
7167:
6907:
6660:"Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877) / Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6243:
1114:
While the Ottomans were ascendant, there was overt opposition to their rule. The first revolt began at the time
7834:
7685:
7392:
7278:
6187:
5382:
1412:
1360:
1261:
1218:
993:
400:
336:
772:
was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1864 to 1878 with a capital in
7952:
7761:
7565:
1504:. The census only covered healthy taxable men between 15 and 60 years of age, who were free from disability.
1407:
of 1876 that covered part of the ethnically Bulgarian territories of the empire. The uprising, provoked the
1345:
1333:
1118:
1137:
some regions for several years. The earliest evidence of continued local resistance dates from before 1450.
8108:
7998:
7916:
6921:
Ravenstein, Ernst (October 1876). "Distribution of the Population in the Part of Europe Overrun by Turks".
5169:
1337:
1269:
1265:
1244:
548:
527:
510:
473:
395:
271:
198:
6481:
1205:
of 1774 gave Russia the right to interfere in Ottoman affairs to protect the Sultan's Christian subjects.
8222:
7979:
7881:
7305:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6865:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6829:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6756:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6700:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6664:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6619:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6573:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6401:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6353:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
6298:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
5130:
3550:
1763:
was established on 13 July 1878 and incorporated five of the sanjaks that used to be part of the Ottoman
1234:
The Bulgarian National Revival was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among
465:
7091:
6191:
8286:
8020:
7901:
7545:
6731:
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1429644189&disposition=inline
5254:
3558:
2429:
1377:
1214:
1126:
580:
505:
387:
344:
3403:
The following are district-by-district population records from the 1876 Ottoman salname, based on the
236:
7866:
6787:
5234:
1408:
1082:
603:
318:
93:
7357:
7348:
6429:
3368:
The other Bulgarian territory to be carved out of the Ottoman Empire was the autonomous province of
2436:
on the territory of the province. The settlement took place in two waves: one of 142,852 Tatars and
8180:
8145:
7962:
7942:
7819:
7754:
5219:
5208:, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
5184:, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
5156:, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
3330:
3148:
2625:
2414:
1974:
1895:
1790:, with individual border changes, cf. below. The two other sanjaks in the Danube Vilayet, those of
1760:
1420:
1411:(1876-1877), and along with the strategic interests of Russia on the Balkans, was a reason for the
816:
641:
630:
310:
244:
1197:
ended Austrian interest in the Balkans for a century. But by the 18th century the rising power of
8301:
8074:
8046:
7967:
7809:
5822:"Istoria tou neou ellenismou: Tourkokratia 1453-1669. Oi agones gia ten piste kai ten eleytheria"
5722:
5249:
3294:
2484:
2433:
1746:
1567:
1461:
1416:
1177:
1158:
906:
584:
302:
167:
7330:[The Population of Eastern Rumelia Before the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War] (in Turkish).
7009:
Pinson, Mark (1971). "Ottoman Colonization of the Circassians in Rumili After the Crimean War".
975:
other manner something of God's world, they hear him as diligently as if he were their preacher.
8170:
7986:
7957:
7804:
5229:
3310:
1465:
1453:
1397:
1280:
1154:
911:
599:
588:
415:
263:
6135:
5520:
5085:
Figures available for total population and for Islam millet and Bulgar millet/Rum millet only.
3356:
In the words of Nusret Pasha, Head of the Silistra Eylaet Colonisation Commission himself, to
1415:
that ended with the reestablishment of independent Bulgarians state in 1878, albeit under the
812:, which created conditions for severe exploitation of taxpayers by unscrupulous land holders.
8135:
8125:
8094:
8015:
7947:
7886:
7844:
7335:
7208:. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.
7148:, Under the Balkans. Notes of a visit to the district of Philippopolis in 1876. London, 1877.
5689:
5571:
5561:
5399:
5244:
3504:
3277:
3122:
2543:
1881:
1424:
637:
7247:
6127:
3400:
nahiya), along with parts of the Üsküdar and Çöke nahiyas, again from the Sanjak of Edirne.
925:
Bulgarian ceased to be a literary language, the higher clergy was invariably Greek, and the
8212:
8152:
8061:
7930:
7621:
1572:
1489:
1423:
was far smaller than what Bulgarians had hoped for and what was originally proposed in the
1363:
in the 1850s and 1860s. In 1872, the Patriarchate accused the Exarchate that it introduced
1329:
1288:
1153:
in Bulgarian history. More than a century later, two Tarnovo uprisings occurred - in 1598 (
1149:
of the Sofia region in 1413, but later he turned against them and is regarded as the first
1026:
1006:
915:
709:
was an important administrative centre in the Ottoman Empire. It became the capital of the
357:
276:
7164:"ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ]"
6904:"ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ]"
6240:"ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ]"
8:
8251:
8162:
8089:
8034:
7824:
7786:
7094:[Demographic Structure of Turkey in Europe in 1878 in British Consular Reports*]
7092:"İngiltere Konsolosluk Raporlarında 1878 Yılında Türkiye Avrupa'sının Demografi k Yapısı"
5526:
5224:
5104:(2.19%), 6,616 Christian Romani (0.73%), 5,806 Jews (0.64%) and 1,370 Armenians (0.15%).
5087:
Male/female aggregated figures presuming equal number of men and women, as suggested by
1457:
1317:
1249:
1169:
1122:
1057:
1010:
930:
611:
441:
407:
362:
207:
154:
8207:
8175:
8130:
8056:
7799:
7720:
7498:
7434:
5088:
3444:
3404:
3350:
3267:
3163:
3152:
3076:
2533:
2418:
2372:
1861:
1488:, the male population in the Ottoman kazas that fall within the current borders of the
1186:
1173:
1115:
1046:
754:
656:
Map of Ottoman vilayets in Europe in the 1870s. The Danube vilayet is coloured in green
326:
284:
255:
78:
45:
7358:"Ottoman Policies on Circassian Refugees in the Danube Vilayet in the 1860s and 1870s"
6430:"Ottoman Policies on Circassian Refugees in the Danube Vilayet in the 1860s and 1870s"
8260:
8227:
8217:
8197:
8185:
8120:
7906:
7484:
7461:
7420:
7388:
7300:
7274:
7255:
7248:
7220:
7194:
Population Transfers as a Method of Settlement and Colonisation in the Ottoman Empire
7181:
Population Transfers as a Method of Settlement and Colonisation in the Ottoman Empire
7059:
6860:
6824:
6751:
6695:
6659:
6614:
6568:
6396:
6348:
6293:
6183:
6139:
6128:
6082:
6031:
6018:
5935:
Population Transfers as a Method of Settlement and Colonisation in the Ottoman Empire
5916:
Population Transfers as a Method of Settlement and Colonisation in the Ottoman Empire
5897:
Population Transfers as a Method of Settlement and Colonisation in the Ottoman Empire
5878:
Population Transfers as a Method of Settlement and Colonisation in the Ottoman Empire
5859:
Population Transfers as a Method of Settlement and Colonisation in the Ottoman Empire
5755:
5728:
5695:
5632:
5602:
5575:
5530:
5481:
5468:
5443:
5430:
5405:
5378:
5355:
5345:
3464:
3237:
2474:
1821:
1751:
1371:
1190:
842:, who guarded important passes, roads, bridges, etc., ore-mining settlements such as
7062:[The Population of Eastern Rumelia Before the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War].
914:
was destroyed and all Bulgarian Orthodox dioceses were subjected to the rule of the
8202:
7856:
7794:
7453:
7369:
7312:
6872:
6836:
6763:
6707:
6671:
6626:
6580:
6441:
6408:
6360:
6305:
5995:
3530:
3494:
3484:
3454:
3363:
3314:
3257:
3247:
3221:
3111:
2523:
2513:
2497:
1871:
1851:
1841:
1804:
Ethnoconfessional Groups in the "Five Bulgarian Sanjaks" as per 1865 Pop. Registry
1106:
1064:
Two large-scale studies of the causes of adoption of Islam in Bulgaria, one of the
352:
294:
228:
106:
1791:
1743:, the population of present-day Bulgaria in 1831 would stand at 2,006,845 people.
796:
Christians paid disproportionately higher taxes than Muslims, including poll tax,
8265:
7974:
7735:
7710:
7695:
7680:
7626:
7611:
7559:
7214:
6737:
6182:
A Concise History of Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
6161:
For the Peace from Above: an Orthodox Resource Book on War, Peace and Nationalism
5836:
5821:
5804:
5776:
5749:
5626:
5596:
5307:
5292:
Ozel, Oktay (1992). "Limits of the Almighty: Mehmed II's 'Land Reform' Revised".
5122:
3542:
3434:
3369:
3201:
3144:
3140:
3128:
2601:
2570:
2566:
2554:
2410:
2406:
2394:
1950:
1919:
1915:
1903:
1787:
1783:
1771:
1640:
1473:
1349:
1325:
1295:
as the leader of the Orthodox Christian peoples of his empire. After the Ottoman
1181:
966:
863:
781:
738:
634:
538:
7317:
6877:
6841:
6768:
6712:
6676:
6631:
6585:
6413:
6365:
6310:
1230:, a symbol of revolutionary struggle during the second half of the 19th century.
8190:
7730:
7715:
7705:
7700:
7657:
7642:
7597:
6052:
5557:
3346:
3175:
3136:
3132:
2609:
2585:
2562:
2558:
2457:
Ethnoconfessional Groups in the "Five Bulgarian sanjaks" as per 1873-74 Census
2402:
2398:
1958:
1934:
1911:
1907:
1779:
1775:
1764:
1697:
1492:
stood at 496,744 people, including 296,769 Christians, 181,455 Muslims, 17,474
1449:
1404:
1341:
1304:
1284:
1239:
1227:
1198:
1194:
1090:
1065:
1030:
1014:
997:
981:
905:
The Ottoman Empire's greatest advantage compared to other colonial powers, the
773:
769:
718:
694:
660:
The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories, dividing them into several
622:
618:
7595:
7250:
The Making of a Nation in the Balkans: Historiography of the Bulgarian Revival
6130:
The Making of a Nation in the Balkans: Historiography of the Bulgarian Revival
5999:
3079:
and Michael Palairet (N x 2), which would give a total population for 1875 of
2375:
and Michael Palairet (N x 2), which would give a total population for 1865 of
1747:
Ottoman population records (1860-1875) for the future Principality of Bulgaria
652:
8280:
8066:
7652:
7616:
5567:
5359:
2902:
2766:
2723:
2241:
2068:
1390:
1276:
1073:
859:
6328:
785:
7647:
7039:
6461:
Pinson, Mark (1973). "Ottoman Colonization of Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria".
5129:, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the
3755:
2444:
2111:
1627:
1382:
1069:
777:
758:
607:
126:
7457:
7190:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Sürgünler
7177:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Sürgünler
5931:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Sürgünler
5912:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Sürgünler
5893:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Sürgünler
5874:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Sürgünler
5855:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Sürgünler
5339:
1353:
1324:
Orthodox church) was created as separate Bulgarian diocese based on voted
1303:
arose in the Empire and the term was used for legally protected religious
938:
7911:
7374:
6446:
4939:
4450:
4010:
3397:
3385:
3184:
Ethnoconfessional Groups in the Future Principality of Bulgaria in 1875
3167:
2676:
2025:
1614:
1493:
1321:
1300:
1268:, and lasted until the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the
1257:
1078:
926:
894:
809:
457:
379:
88:
27:
Bulgarian territory controlled by the Ottoman Empire, 14th-19th centuries
3357:
1242:
rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book,
1223:
890:
8140:
7303:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6863:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6827:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6754:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6698:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6617:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6571:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6399:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6351:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
6296:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
5806:
De Turcarum moribus epitome, Bartholomaeo Georgieviz, peregrino, autore
5312:. Drustvo Istoricara Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo. 1950. p. 174.
5145:
3643:
3534:
3424:
3191:
2853:
2464:
2197:
1811:
1235:
947:
919:
886:
843:
839:
665:
5956:], vol. 1, İstanbul: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, p. 181
3407:
census of 1875. As is common for Ottoman statistics, figures refer to
1898:
was divided into the following ethnoconfessional communities in 1865:
1029:, Islam was not spread by force in the areas under the control of the
7531:
7291:
Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics
7132:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
6549:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
6528:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
6213:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
2945:
2154:
1501:
1469:
1364:
952:
710:
669:
579:
spans nearly 500 years, beginning in the late 14th century, with the
118:
7746:
7289:
7235:
7203:
7130:
6991:
6806:
6547:
6526:
6507:
6211:
6108:
677:
672:. Significant parts of the conquered land were parcelled out to the
7777:
7115:
4338:
3811:
3411:
only (figures at the bottom are male-female aggregated estimates):
3171:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1296:
1253:
867:
851:
734:
218:
185:
7240:
Migrations from the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans (1860-1865)
7236:"Migrations From the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans 1860-1865"
6996:
Migrations from the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans (1860-1865)
6992:"Migrations From the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans 1860 1865"
6512:
Migrations from the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans (1860-1865)
6508:"Migrations From the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans 1860 1865"
6323:
6321:
1018:
874:
holdings were subject to lower tax burden and fewer restrictions.
7861:
6942:
Ethnographie et statistique de la Turquie d'Europe et de la Grèce
5201:
5197:
5177:
5173:
4506:
4282:
3926:
3869:
3699:
3587:
3474:
3381:
3377:
3297:
3211:
2679:
2487:
2451:
colonisation of the vilayet with Crimean Tatars and Circassians.
1890:
According to the "Kuyûd-ı Atîk" Ottoman Population Register, the
1162:
1146:
1130:
855:
847:
805:
801:
746:
730:
714:
661:
101:
7271:
The Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1600
6946:
Ethnography and Statistics of Turkey in Europe as well as Greece
6270:
The Balkan Economies c. 1800-1914: Evolution without Development
5563:
The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response
5375:
The Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1600
3364:
Ottoman population records (1876) for the future Eastern Rumelia
6318:
6216:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 109–115.
4883:
4561:
4226:
4170:
3417:
Ethnoconfessional Groups in the Future Eastern Rumelia in 1876
3393:
3389:
3373:
3326:
3287:
2857:
2809:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2437:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1831:
1795:
1689:
1685:
1309:
1150:
1086:
934:
898:
882:
838:
who were exempt from nearly all such restrictions, such as the
762:
750:
742:
726:
688:
673:
7475:
Trankova, Dimana; Georgieff, Anthony; Matanov, Hristo (2012).
6490:] (in German), vol. 1, Leipzig, H. Fries, p. 313
1672:
No data about the Christian population of the kazas of Selvi (
893:, would later serve in the elite Janissary. In this miniature
7891:
5620:
5618:
5341:
A history of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East
5149:
4394:
3317:
similarly counted Crimean Tatars with Turks in Islam millet.
2632:
2617:
2593:
1981:
1966:
1942:
1894:
population of the five sanjaks to eventually form the future
1755:
Danube (Tuna) Vilayet with borders of its constituent sanjaks
1599:
1517:
1468:, which led to the massive flight of Christian Bulgarians to
1445:
835:
824:
797:
706:
682:
122:
7450:
A History of Muslims, Christians and Jews in the Middle East
7408:
Origin and Nature of the "Boy Harvest" in the Ottoman Empire
6233:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6223:
5624:
7896:
7328:"1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi Öncesinde Şarkî Rumeli Nüfusu"
7060:"1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi Öncesinde Şarkî Rumeli Nüfusu"
6552:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 70.
6531:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 70.
5751:
The Making of Modern Greece: From Byzantium to Independence
2988:
2284:
1539:
1510:
Millets in present-day Bulgaria as per 1831 Ottoman Census
1497:
1381:
Picture of a Bulgarian family in the city of Salonika (now
1208:
871:
827:(i.e., Non-Muslims), was twice as high as that on Muslims.
699:
7404:
Ursprung und Wesen der " Knabenlese " im osmanischen Reich
5615:
1448:
tax rates, which pauperised the Christian population, the
6220:
5848:
5846:
5344:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–66.
2573:
as per the 1875 Salname / 1873-74 Danube Vilayet Census (
602:
and the public outcry it caused across Europe led to the
130:
7474:
5988:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
5294:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
3334:(0.44%); 7,830 Greeks (0.38%); 3,598 Armenians (0.17%).
5791:"The History of Turkish-Occupied Greece (Four volumes)"
5843:
7543:
7385:
Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453-1924
6809:[The Sanjak of Niş] (in Turkish). p. 13.
5691:
Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924
5518:
1101:
808:) granted to senior Ottoman dignitaries as a form of
733:), one of the two together with the beylerbeylik of
7028:(in Turkish). Ankara: Gelişim Matbaası. p. 52.
6158:
5625:Clarence-Smith, W.G.; Clarence-Smith, W.G. (2006).
5588:
1328:. It was unilaterally (without the blessing of the
7513:"DEVŞİRME USULÜ - ACEMİ OĞLANLAR OCAĞI MÜESSESESİ"
7301:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
7053:
7051:
7049:
6861:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6825:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6752:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6696:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6615:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6569:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6397:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6349:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6294:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
6272:, New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 25
5512:
5467:(in Bulgarian), Sofia, pp. 136=137, 313–314,
1798:, were ceded to Serbia and Romania, respectively.
1419:Bulgarians were divided, and the territory of the
1307:, similar to the way other countries use the word
6689:
6687:
5681:
8278:
6788:"Arşiv belgelerine göre Niş Sancaği (1839-1878)"
6555:increased the proportion of Muslims in the area.
6287:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6279:
5519:A ́goston, Ga ́bor; Alan Masters, Bruce (2010).
1081:; the nearly constant Ottoman conflict with the
834:Nevertheless, there were specific categories of
7534:. Encyclopedia of the Orient. 11 February 2022.
7109:
7107:
7105:
7046:
6854:
6852:
5747:
5601:. A Phoenix book. University of Chicago Press.
37:
7212:
7135:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
6684:
6134:. Central European University Press. pp.
5377:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 55–75.
1922:acc. to the 1865 Ottoman Population Register (
647:
617:The sabotage of the Conference, by either the
7762:
7581:
7294:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres.
6985:
6983:
6897:
6895:
6790:[Sanjak of Niš Archives (1839-1878)]
6501:
6499:
6497:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6276:
5206:Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873
5182:Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873
5154:Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873
5127:Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873
1313:. New millets were created in 1860 and 1870.
958:While a minority of authors have argued that
705:From the 14th century until the 19th century
556:
7596:Administrative regions and provinces of the
7102:
6849:
5971:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFEminov1987 (
5834:
5819:
3349:& sanjaks, with superimposed borders of
1435:
1145:Radich) was recognised by the Ottomans as a
791:
583:of smaller kingdoms from the disintegrating
6818:
6816:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6647:
6421:
6388:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6253:
5947:
5500:
5272:
2553:Ethnoconfessional groups in the Sanjaks of
1902:Ethnoconfessional Groups in the Sanjaks of
7769:
7755:
7588:
7574:
7503:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7439:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6980:
6920:
6914:
6892:
6560:
6494:
6335:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6087:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6036:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5985:
5979:
5486:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5448:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
676:'s followers, who held it as benefices or
563:
549:
53:Bŭlgarskite zemi pod osmansko vladichestvo
8292:Ottoman period in the history of Bulgaria
7452:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7373:
7316:
7233:
7187:
7174:
6989:
6876:
6840:
6781:
6779:
6767:
6711:
6675:
6630:
6606:
6584:
6505:
6483:1875–1879: Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan
6445:
6412:
6364:
6309:
6102:
6100:
6098:
5928:
5909:
5890:
5871:
5852:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5594:
587:. In the late 19th century, Bulgaria was
39:Българските земи под османско владичество
7414:
7401:
7355:
7245:
7040:"Visualizations | Koç Üniversitesi"
6939:
6933:
6813:
6743:
6644:
6539:
6518:
6427:
6267:
6250:
6125:
6058:. Ankara. pp. 42–43, 45, 77–78, 87.
6012:
6006:
5556:
5550:
5462:
5424:
5391:
3340:
1750:
1376:
1222:
1209:Bulgarian National Awakening and Revival
1105:
1052:
992:
881:
651:
598:The brutal suppression of the Bulgarian
408:Establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate
7447:
7356:Muchinov, Ventsislav (September 2016).
7325:
7298:
7268:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7057:
7023:
6958:
6952:
6858:
6822:
6749:
6693:
6657:
6612:
6566:
6428:Muchinov, Ventsislav (September 2016).
6394:
6346:
6291:
6196:
5774:
5503:"Judicial Biases in the Ottoman Empire"
5429:(in Bulgarian), Sofia, pp. 45–46,
5372:
5337:
1344:in pursuance of the March 12 [
941:in 1870 that this policy was reversed.
725:that administered the Ottoman lands in
591:, and by the early 20th century it was
14:
8279:
7382:
7287:
7200:
7128:
7008:
7002:
6971:
6959:Kiepert, Heinrich (20 May 1878). "X".
6785:
6776:
6545:
6524:
6479:
6473:
6460:
6373:
6209:
6106:
6095:
6050:
5966:
5720:
5687:
5645:
3329:. the population living in the future
1479:
737:. It was the capital of the important
7776:
7750:
7569:
7254:. Central European University Press.
6380:"Danube Official Gazette, Year III".
5398:Somel, Selcuk Aksin (23 March 2010).
5397:
5083:Kaza to remain in the Ottoman Empire.
1580:Healthy taxable men aged 15–60 years
7362:Journal of Caucasian Studies (JOCAS)
7161:
7139:
7122:
7074:
6901:
6804:
6434:Journal of Caucasian Studies (JOCAS)
6237:
6159:Hildo Bos; Jim Forest, eds. (1999).
6068:
6062:
5721:Detrez, Raymond (18 December 2014).
5598:Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition
5501:Kuran, Timur; Lustig, Scott (2010).
5291:
1700:) and its three constitunet nahiyas.
1168:Those were followed by the Catholic
7205:The Ottoman Conquest of the Balkans
7113:
6113:The Ottoman Conquest of the Balkans
5835:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1974).
5820:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1961).
5659:
5316:from the original on 18 August 2020
5285:
1385:), the Ottoman Empire, 19th century
1125:, 1408, when two Bulgarian nobles,
1072:, and another one of the region of
918:in Constantinople and made part of
24:
7326:Koyuncu, Aşkın (1 December 2013).
7216:Islam and the Abolition of Slavery
7058:Koyuncu, Aşkın (1 December 2013).
7026:Göç: Kuzey Kafkasya'dan Göç Tarihi
5948:Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı (1949),
5628:Islam and the Abolition of Slavery
5522:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1332:) promulgated on May 23 [
1102:First revolts and the Great Powers
988:
870:. Similarly, Christians living on
625:(depending on theory), led to the
25:
8313:
7539:
7383:Mansel, Phillip (15 April 1998).
7234:Çetinkaya, Mehmet (August 2022),
6990:ÇETİNKAYA, Mehmet (August 2022).
6506:ÇETİNKAYA, Mehmet (August 2022).
6329:"Balkan ethnic maps - New Map 13"
6111:. In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.).
5724:Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria
5694:. John Murray Press. p. 26.
1094:masse or left for lowland areas.
1000:era textile canopy from Bulgaria.
897:march to the tunes played by the
589:liberated from the Ottoman Empire
18:History of early Ottoman Bulgaria
7553:
7477:Пътеводител за Османска България
7098:(in Turkish). pp. 158, 161.
7089:
5401:The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire
5189:
5161:
5137:
5114:
741:as well, including the whole of
638:unified through a bloodless coup
532:
217:
66:
7299:Koyuncu, Aşkın (January 2014).
7032:
7017:
6798:
6720:
6694:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
6658:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
6613:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
6567:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
6488:Danube Bulgaria and the Balkans
6454:
6395:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
6347:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
6292:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
6176:
6167:
6152:
6119:
6044:
5960:
5941:
5922:
5903:
5884:
5865:
5828:
5813:
5797:
5783:
5768:
5741:
5714:
5404:. Scarecrow Press. p. 24.
1430:
7273:. Cambridge University Press.
7188:Barkan, Ömer Lutfi (1953–54),
7175:Barkan, Ömer Lutfi (1951–52),
5929:Barkan, Ömer Lutfi (1951–52),
5910:Barkan, Ömer Lutfi (1953–54),
5891:Barkan, Ömer Lutfi (1953–54),
5872:Barkan, Ömer Lutfi (1951–52),
5853:Barkan, Ömer Lutfi (1953–54),
5494:
5456:
5418:
5366:
5331:
5300:
5280:Modern Greece: A Short History
5260:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
5240:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
3388:kazas), a smaller part of the
3230: Misc. Christians (1.46%)
2506: Misc. Christians (1.47%)
1413:Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878
1361:Patriarchate of Constantinople
1336:May 11] 1872, in the
1262:National awakening of Bulgaria
1219:National awakening of Bulgaria
1180:in 1689, both provoked by the
1033:. A 17th-century author said:
450:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
13:
1:
7213:Clarence-Smith, W.G. (2006).
7155:
5837:"Istoria tou neou ellenismou"
3313:, French Bianconi and German
3147:, which were united into the
2443:According to Turkish scholar
2413:, which were united into the
1558:(healthy taxable men over 15
985:he kept carefully concealed.
627:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
248:
7515:(in Turkish). Archived from
6786:OSMANİ, Mead (28 May 2018).
5727:. Rowman & Littlefield.
5265:
4796:Islimiye & Filibe sanjak
1582:
1579:
1270:Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78
1266:modern Bulgarian nationalism
1245:Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya
1172:in 1688 and insurrection in
7:
7481:A Guide to Ottoman Bulgaria
7402:Papoulia, Basilike (1965).
7318:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
7219:. Oxford University Press.
6878:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6842:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6769:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6713:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6677:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6632:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6586:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6414:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6384:(in Bulgarian). 7 May 1867.
6366:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
6311:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
5809:. apud J. Tornaesium. 1558.
5631:. Oxford University Press.
5338:Sharkey, Heather J (2017).
5213:
5121:Bulgarian man and woman of
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4995:Eastern Rumelia GRAND TOTAL
4985:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4946:
4943:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4890:
4887:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4809:
4799:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4709:
4706:İslimye & Filibe sanjak
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4568:
4565:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4513:
4510:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4457:
4454:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4289:
4286:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4233:
4230:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4177:
4174:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4116:
4106:
4096:
4086:
4069:
4063:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4035:
4025:
4015:
3995:
3987:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3951:
3941:
3931:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3876:
3873:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3818:
3815:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3762:
3759:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3650:
3647:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3594:
3591:
1348:February 28] 1870
1293:Constantinople Patriarchate
877:
648:Administrative organization
629:, whereby the much smaller
10:
8318:
8297:2nd millennium in Bulgaria
6268:Palairet, Michael (1997),
5777:"Bibliographie hellénique"
5754:. Rowman and Littlefield.
5107:
5080:
4993:
4937:
4881:
4791:
4702:
4615:
4560:
4504:
4448:
4392:
4336:
4280:
4224:
4168:
4007:
3923:
3867:
3809:
3753:
3697:
3641:
3585:
3103:Miscellaneous Christians,
3073:
2369:
1669:
1644:
1631:
1618:
1604:
1590:
1526: Islam millet (36.5%)
1252:, a Bulgarian monk of the
1215:Bulgarian National Revival
1212:
1121:established the chivalric
8245:
8161:
8116:
8107:
8042:
8033:
7938:
7929:
7852:
7843:
7785:
7673:
7635:
7604:
7448:Sharkey, Heather (2017).
7415:Radushev, Evgeni (2008).
6923:The Geographical Magazine
6794:(in Turkish). p. 55.
6013:Radushev, Evgeni (2008),
6000:10.1163/15685209-12341337
5667:"Eastern Orthodox Church"
5463:Radushev, Evgeni (2008),
5425:Radushev, Evgeni (2008),
5235:Constantinople Conference
3518:
3127:Refers to the Sanjaks of
2393:Refers to the Sanjaks of
1571:
1566:
1436:Late 1300s to early 1800s
1409:Constantinople Conference
1161:) around the old capital
792:Legal status and taxation
604:Constantinople Conference
181:
177:
164:
151:
147:
139:
117:
112:
100:
94:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
84:
74:
65:
60:
38:
32:
7387:. St. Martin's Griffin.
7246:Daskalov, Rumen (2004).
6859:KOYUNCU (January 2014).
6823:KOYUNCU (January 2014).
6750:KOYUNCU (January 2014).
6126:Daskalov, Rumen (2004).
6077:], Sofia, p. 75
5748:D.A. Zakythēnos (1976).
5220:Ottoman Vardar Macedonia
5131:1873 Vienna World's Fair
3380:(without the Ahi Çelebi/
3331:Principality of Bulgaria
3151:by the decisions of the
3149:Principality of Bulgaria
2626:Principality of Bulgaria
2417:by the decisions of the
2415:Principality of Bulgaria
1975:Principality of Bulgaria
1896:Principality of Bulgaria
1761:Principality of Bulgaria
1421:Principality of Bulgaria
1281:confessional communities
1203:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
817:Six Divisions of Cavalry
642:Principality of Bulgaria
631:Principality of Bulgaria
7810:Second Bulgarian Empire
7419:(in Bulgarian). Sofia.
7269:İnalcık, Halil (1994).
7024:Aydemir, İzzet (1988).
6107:Boykov, Grigor (2016).
5899:], pp. 209–211
5861:], pp. 211–212
5775:Legrand, Emile (1885).
5373:İnalcık, Halil (1994).
5250:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
4617:İslimye sanjak subtotal
1462:Second Tarnovo uprising
1356:of the Ottoman Empire.
1159:Second Tarnovo Uprising
585:Second Bulgarian Empire
303:Second Bulgarian Empire
168:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
8080:Science and technology
7805:First Bulgarian Empire
7686:Bosnia and Herzegovina
7343:Cite journal requires
6480:Kanitz, Felix (1875),
6069:Kiel, Machiel (1998),
6051:Chmiel, Agata (2012).
5595:Itzkowitz, N. (2008).
5255:Kresna–Razlog uprising
5230:April Uprising of 1876
4083:Filibe sanjak subtotal
3372:. It incorporated the
3353:
1756:
1696:) as well as Tirnova (
1548: Armenians (0.1%)
1454:First Tarnovo Uprising
1398:Bulgarian Uniat Church
1386:
1231:
1155:First Tarnovo Uprising
1135:revolted and liberated
1111:
1061:
1042:
1001:
978:
912:Bulgarian Patriarchate
902:
657:
600:April Uprising of 1876
516:Struggle for Macedonia
345:Fragmentation and fall
337:Recovery and expansion
264:First Bulgarian Empire
7458:10.1017/9781139028455
7288:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
7129:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
6948:], pp. 50–51
6546:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
6525:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
6210:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
5880:], pp. 69–76
5245:Treaty of San Stefano
5148:and Bulgarian men of
3344:
3290:) gave twice as many
3091:Established Muslims,
2379:people, divided into
1754:
1710:Orthodox Christians,
1602:/Orthodox Christians
1588:Islam millet/Muslims
1425:Treaty of San Stefano
1380:
1248:, written in 1762 by
1226:
1109:
1056:
1035:
996:
971:
933:was established by a
885:
655:
434:Third Bulgarian State
75:Common languages
8233:World Heritage Sites
7992:Chief of the Defence
7375:10.21488/jocas.50245
6940:Bianconi, F (1877),
6463:Turk Tarihi Kongresi
6447:10.21488/jocas.50245
3095:Circassian Muhacir,
1573:Republic of Bulgaria
1532: Gypsies (3.5%)
1490:Republic of Bulgaria
1330:Ecumenical Patriarch
1289:Ecumenical Patriarch
1068:by Dutch Ottomanist
1027:Thomas Walker Arnold
1017:and a second one to
1007:Upper Thracian Plain
916:Ecumenical Patriarch
593:declared independent
91:(official, minority)
8052:Economic statistics
7835:Bulgaria since 1990
7170:on 2 February 2017.
7162:Arkadiev, Dimitar.
6910:on 2 February 2017.
6902:Аркадиев, Димитър.
6246:on 2 February 2017.
6238:Аркадиев, Димитър.
5688:Mansel, P. (2011).
5527:Infobase Publishing
5225:Bulgarian Exarchate
5200:and Greek woman of
5196:Bulgarian woman of
5144:Bulgarian woman of
3515:
3168:kaza of Cuma-i Bâlâ
2578:
1927:
1563:
1556:1831 Ottoman census
1486:1831 Ottoman census
1480:1831 Ottoman census
1466:Karposh's rebellion
1458:Chiprovtsi uprising
1318:Bulgarian Exarchate
1299:(1839–76) reforms,
1170:Chiprovtsi Uprising
1123:Order of the Dragon
1058:Battle of Nicopolis
980:When Greek scholar
931:Bulgarian Exarchate
668:accountable to the
666:Sanjakbey or Subasi
612:Bulgarian Exarchate
539:Bulgaria portal
442:Serbo-Bulgarian War
155:Battle of Nicopolis
7800:Old Great Bulgaria
7011:Études Balkaniques
6736:2023-05-03 at the
5918:], p. 225
5529:. pp. 185–6.
5176:and Muslim man of
3513:
3405:Adrianople Vilayet
3396:kaza and Manastır/
3354:
3164:Congress of Berlin
3153:Congress of Berlin
3107:Christian Romani,
2812:, Catholics, etc.
2552:
2419:Congress of Berlin
1901:
1757:
1741:(N=2 x (Y x 2.02))
1554:
1387:
1232:
1187:Treaty of Belgrade
1116:Holy Roman Emperor
1112:
1062:
1002:
903:
664:, each ruled by a
658:
327:Darman and Kudelin
295:Byzantine Bulgaria
285:Cometopuli dynasty
259:7th cent., 632–668
256:Old Great Bulgaria
8287:Islam in Bulgaria
8274:
8273:
8241:
8240:
8103:
8102:
8029:
8028:
8011:Political parties
7999:National Assembly
7953:Foreign relations
7925:
7924:
7907:Rhodope Mountains
7830:People's Republic
7744:
7743:
7426:978-954-523-103-2
7226:978-0-19-522151-0
6805:Gülbudak, Fatih.
6599:(including Tulça)
6024:978-954-523-103-2
5937:], p. 63
5761:978-0-87471-796-9
5734:978-1-4422-4180-0
5701:978-1-84854-647-9
5638:978-0-19-522151-0
5608:978-0-226-09801-2
5581:978-0-06-019840-4
5536:978-1-4381-1025-7
5508:. pp. 3, 22.
5474:978-954-523-103-2
5436:978-954-523-103-2
5411:978-1-4617-3176-4
5351:978-1-139-02845-5
5278:C. M. Woodhouse,
5168:Bulgarian men of
5097:
5096:
3374:Sanjak of İslimye
3160:
3159:
2426:
2425:
1732:
1731:
1484:According to the
573:
572:
311:Second Golden Age
191:
190:
55:
16:(Redirected from
8309:
8254:
8114:
8113:
8070:
8040:
8039:
7936:
7935:
7872:Cities and towns
7862:Balkan Peninsula
7857:Balkan Mountains
7850:
7849:
7795:Odrysian kingdom
7771:
7764:
7757:
7748:
7747:
7590:
7583:
7576:
7567:
7566:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7549:
7535:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7508:
7502:
7494:
7471:
7444:
7438:
7430:
7411:
7398:
7379:
7377:
7352:
7346:
7341:
7339:
7331:
7322:
7320:
7295:
7284:
7265:
7253:
7242:
7230:
7209:
7197:
7184:
7171:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7114:Demeter, Gabor.
7111:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7090:Köse, Muhammed.
7087:
7072:
7071:
7064:Avrasya Etüdleri
7055:
7044:
7043:
7036:
7030:
7029:
7021:
7015:
7014:
7006:
7000:
6999:
6987:
6978:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6937:
6931:
6930:
6918:
6912:
6911:
6899:
6890:
6889:
6880:
6856:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6820:
6811:
6810:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6747:
6741:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6691:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6655:
6642:
6641:
6634:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6588:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6503:
6492:
6491:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6344:
6333:
6332:
6325:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6289:
6274:
6273:
6265:
6248:
6247:
6235:
6218:
6217:
6207:
6194:
6180:
6174:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6133:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6104:
6093:
6092:
6086:
6078:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6035:
6027:
6010:
6004:
6003:
5994:(4–5): 631–652.
5983:
5977:
5976:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5850:
5841:
5840:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5663:
5657:
5654:
5643:
5642:
5622:
5613:
5612:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5485:
5477:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5447:
5439:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5289:
5283:
5276:
5193:
5165:
5141:
5118:
4793:Total Population
3572:Non-Muslim Roma
3519:Kaza (District)
3516:
3512:
3502:
3492:
3483: Christian
3482:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3390:Sanjak of Edirne
3378:Sanjak of Filibe
3345:1869 map of the
3275:
3265:
3255:
3246: Christian
3245:
3235:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3189:
3172:kaza of Mankalya
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2579:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2512: Christian
2511:
2505:
2495:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1928:
1900:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1850: Christian
1849:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1417:Treaty of Berlin
1338:Bulgarian church
1060:in the year 1396
581:Ottoman conquest
577:Ottoman Bulgaria
565:
558:
551:
537:
536:
535:
520:
511:Military history
506:List of monarchs
494:
486:
478:
470:
462:
454:
446:
438:
428:
420:
412:
392:
388:National Revival
384:
376:
372:Ottoman Bulgaria
349:
341:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
289:
281:
272:Christianization
268:
260:
252:
250:
241:
233:
229:Odrysian kingdom
221:
211:
193:
192:
70:
51:
49:
41:
40:
34:Ottoman Bulgaria
30:
29:
21:
8317:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8277:
8276:
8275:
8270:
8257:
8250:
8237:
8223:Public holidays
8157:
8099:
8068:
8025:
7921:
7867:Black Sea coast
7839:
7781:
7775:
7745:
7740:
7726:North Macedonia
7669:
7631:
7600:
7594:
7564:
7554:
7552:
7544:
7542:
7530:
7522:
7520:
7511:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7468:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7395:
7344:
7342:
7333:
7332:
7281:
7262:
7227:
7158:
7153:
7152:
7144:
7140:
7127:
7123:
7112:
7103:
7095:
7088:
7075:
7056:
7047:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7022:
7018:
7007:
7003:
6988:
6981:
6976:
6972:
6957:
6953:
6938:
6934:
6919:
6915:
6900:
6893:
6857:
6850:
6821:
6814:
6803:
6799:
6791:
6784:
6777:
6748:
6744:
6738:Wayback Machine
6725:
6721:
6692:
6685:
6656:
6645:
6611:
6607:
6565:
6561:
6544:
6540:
6523:
6519:
6504:
6495:
6478:
6474:
6459:
6455:
6426:
6422:
6393:
6389:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6345:
6336:
6327:
6326:
6319:
6290:
6277:
6266:
6251:
6236:
6221:
6208:
6197:
6181:
6177:
6172:
6168:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6124:
6120:
6105:
6096:
6080:
6079:
6067:
6063:
6055:
6049:
6045:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6011:
6007:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5965:
5961:
5946:
5942:
5927:
5923:
5908:
5904:
5889:
5885:
5870:
5866:
5851:
5844:
5833:
5829:
5818:
5814:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5773:
5769:
5762:
5746:
5742:
5735:
5719:
5715:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5686:
5682:
5672:
5670:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5655:
5646:
5639:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5593:
5589:
5582:
5558:Balakian, Peter
5555:
5551:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5499:
5495:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5461:
5457:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5423:
5419:
5412:
5396:
5392:
5385:
5371:
5367:
5352:
5336:
5332:
5319:
5317:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5290:
5286:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5216:
5209:
5194:
5185:
5166:
5157:
5142:
5133:
5119:
5110:
5093:
5092:
5086:
5084:
4705:
4704:Male Population
3511:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3498:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3478:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3458:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3428:
3420:
3392:(the Kızılağaç/
3384:and Sultanyeri/
3370:Eastern Rumelia
3366:
3305:
3288:Sanjak of Tulça
3284:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3271:
3263:
3261:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3241:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3205:
3197:
3195:
3187:
3176:kaza of Iznebol
3156:
3126:
3099:Muslim Romani,
3083:, divided into
3067:
3066:1,033,499
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2493:
2491:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2422:
2392:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1770:The Sanjaks of
1749:
1728:
1727:
1701:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1482:
1474:Austrian Empire
1438:
1433:
1368:characteristics
1326:ethnic identity
1305:minority groups
1221:
1213:Main articles:
1211:
1191:Austrian empire
1104:
1039:Christianity...
991:
989:Spread of Islam
967:Stephan Gerlach
880:
794:
782:Silistra Eyalet
739:Sanjak of Sofia
650:
635:Eastern Rumelia
575:The history of
569:
533:
531:
530:
518:
492:
484:
476:
468:
460:
452:
444:
436:
426:
418:
410:
390:
382:
374:
347:
339:
329:
321:
319:Mongol invasion
313:
305:
297:
287:
279:
266:
258:
247:
239:
231:
209:
202:
170:
157:
92:
56:
50:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8315:
8305:
8304:
8302:Ottoman Empire
8299:
8294:
8289:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8256:
8255:
8247:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8167:
8165:
8159:
8158:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8105:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8085:Stock Exchange
8082:
8077:
8072:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8043:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8021:Prime Minister
8018:
8013:
8008:
8007:
8006:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7972:
7971:
7970:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7939:
7933:
7927:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7853:
7847:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7815:Ottoman period
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7791:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7780: articles
7774:
7773:
7766:
7759:
7751:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7666:
7665:
7660:
7658:Southern Syria
7650:
7645:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7602:
7601:
7598:Ottoman Empire
7593:
7592:
7585:
7578:
7570:
7563:
7562:
7541:
7540:External links
7538:
7537:
7536:
7528:
7509:
7489:
7483:]. Sofia.
7472:
7466:
7445:
7425:
7412:
7399:
7393:
7380:
7353:
7345:|journal=
7323:
7307:(in Turkish).
7296:
7285:
7279:
7266:
7260:
7243:
7231:
7225:
7210:
7198:
7185:
7172:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7138:
7121:
7101:
7073:
7066:(in Turkish).
7045:
7031:
7016:
7001:
6979:
6970:
6951:
6932:
6913:
6891:
6871:(4): 715–716.
6867:(in Turkish).
6848:
6835:(4): 714–716.
6831:(in Turkish).
6812:
6797:
6775:
6762:(4): 711–712.
6758:(in Turkish).
6742:
6719:
6706:(4): 708–709.
6702:(in Turkish).
6683:
6666:(in Turkish).
6643:
6621:(in Turkish).
6605:
6575:(in Turkish).
6559:
6538:
6517:
6514:: 70, 91, 146.
6493:
6472:
6453:
6420:
6407:(4): 686–687.
6403:(in Turkish).
6387:
6372:
6355:(in Turkish).
6334:
6317:
6304:(4): 727–728.
6300:(in Turkish).
6275:
6249:
6219:
6195:
6175:
6166:
6151:
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6118:
6094:
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4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4449:Zağra-i Cedid/
4446:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
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4166:
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4140:
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4115:
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4100:
4095:
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4085:
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3617:
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3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3551:Roman Catholic
3548:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3376:, most of the
3365:
3362:
3347:Edirne Vilayet
3272:
3262:
3252:
3242:
3232:
3226:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3158:
3157:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2793:
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2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
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2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2492:
2479:
2473: Establ.
2469:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2430:Crimean Tatars
2424:
2423:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1765:Danube Vilayet
1748:
1745:
1730:
1729:
1698:Veliko Tarnovo
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1544:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1481:
1478:
1450:Little Ice Age
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1405:April Uprising
1366:ethno-national
1342:Constantinople
1285:Ottoman Empire
1260:, lead to the
1228:Bulgarian lion
1210:
1207:
1195:Ottoman Empire
1103:
1100:
1091:Little Ice Age
1066:Chepino Valley
1031:Ottoman Sultan
1015:Veliko Tarnovo
990:
987:
982:Janus Lascaris
879:
876:
793:
790:
770:Danube Vilayet
753:, and part of
719:Rumelia Eyalet
649:
646:
623:Russian Empire
571:
570:
568:
567:
560:
553:
545:
542:
541:
524:
523:
522:
521:
513:
508:
500:
499:
498:
497:
496:
495:
490:Transition era
487:
479:
471:
463:
455:
447:
431:
430:
429:
424:Liberation War
421:
416:April Uprising
413:
405:
404:
403:
398:
385:
369:
368:
367:
366:
365:
360:
355:
342:
334:
333:
332:
316:
300:
292:
291:
290:
282:
274:
261:
253:
242:
234:
232:460 BC – 46 AD
223:
222:
214:
213:
204:
203:
196:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
175:
174:
171:
165:
162:
161:
158:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
115:
114:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
63:
62:
58:
57:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8314:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8258:
8253:
8249:
8248:
8244:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8166:
8164:
8160:
8154:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8118:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8106:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8075:National bank
8073:
8071:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8044:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8032:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8005:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7985:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7973:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7928:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7779:
7772:
7767:
7765:
7760:
7758:
7753:
7752:
7749:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7634:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7591:
7586:
7584:
7579:
7577:
7572:
7571:
7568:
7561:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7533:
7529:
7519:on 2016-03-03
7518:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7500:
7492:
7490:9789549230666
7486:
7482:
7478:
7473:
7469:
7467:9781139028455
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7446:
7442:
7436:
7428:
7422:
7418:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7390:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7354:
7350:
7337:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7297:
7293:
7292:
7286:
7282:
7276:
7272:
7267:
7263:
7261:963-9241-83-0
7257:
7252:
7251:
7244:
7241:
7237:
7232:
7228:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7211:
7207:
7206:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7173:
7169:
7165:
7160:
7159:
7147:
7142:
7134:
7133:
7125:
7118:. p. 28.
7117:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7093:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7041:
7035:
7027:
7020:
7012:
7005:
6997:
6993:
6986:
6984:
6974:
6966:
6962:
6955:
6947:
6943:
6936:
6928:
6924:
6917:
6909:
6905:
6898:
6896:
6887:
6886:
6879:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6855:
6853:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6819:
6817:
6808:
6807:"NİŞ SANCAĞI"
6801:
6789:
6782:
6780:
6770:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6728:
6723:
6714:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6690:
6688:
6678:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6639:
6633:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6594:
6587:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6551:
6550:
6542:
6535:
6530:
6529:
6521:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6476:
6468:
6464:
6457:
6448:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6424:
6415:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6391:
6383:
6382:Дунав, Г. III
6376:
6367:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6330:
6324:
6322:
6312:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6271:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6245:
6241:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6215:
6214:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6179:
6170:
6162:
6155:
6147:
6145:963-9241-83-0
6141:
6137:
6132:
6131:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6090:
6084:
6076:
6072:
6065:
6054:
6047:
6039:
6033:
6026:
6020:
6016:
6009:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5982:
5974:
5969:, p. 289
5968:
5963:
5955:
5951:
5944:
5936:
5932:
5925:
5917:
5913:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5887:
5879:
5875:
5868:
5860:
5856:
5849:
5847:
5838:
5831:
5823:
5816:
5808:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5786:
5778:
5771:
5763:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5744:
5736:
5730:
5726:
5725:
5717:
5703:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5684:
5668:
5662:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5640:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5621:
5619:
5610:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5583:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5568:HarperCollins
5565:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5538:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5515:
5504:
5497:
5489:
5483:
5476:
5470:
5466:
5459:
5451:
5445:
5438:
5432:
5428:
5421:
5413:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5394:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5369:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5327:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5303:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5275:
5271:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5192:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5140:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5101:
5091:and Palairet.
5090:
5079:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4952:
4949:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4896:
4893:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4614:
4574:
4571:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4519:
4516:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4463:
4460:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4295:
4292:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4239:
4236:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4183:
4180:
4172:
4167:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3882:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3857:
3824:
3821:
3813:
3808:
3768:
3765:
3757:
3754:Zağra-i Atik/
3752:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3656:
3653:
3645:
3640:
3600:
3597:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:Yahudi millet
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:Ermeni millet
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3524:Islam millet
3523:
3522:
3517:
3506:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3466:
3456:
3453: Muslim
3446:
3436:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3352:
3351:Modern Turkey
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3269:
3259:
3249:
3239:
3223:
3220: Muslim
3213:
3210: Muslim
3203:
3193:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3065:
3060:213,180
3059:
3054:245,894
3053:
3047:
3042:178,823
3041:
3036:309,797
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2989:Yahudi Millet
2987:
2986:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2946:Ermeni Millet
2944:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2801:595,247
2800:
2795:179,202
2794:
2789:148,713
2788:
2782:
2777:131,279
2776:
2771:114,792
2770:
2768:
2767:Bulgar Millet
2765:
2764:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2668:353,135
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2638:164,455
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2545:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2499:
2496: Muslim
2489:
2486:
2476:
2466:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2362:753,342
2361:
2356:166,364
2355:
2350:192,335
2349:
2343:
2338:116,899
2337:
2332:225,769
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2285:Yahudi Millet
2283:
2282:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2242:Romani people
2239:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2155:Ermeni Millet
2153:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2103:444,057
2102:
2097:142,410
2096:
2091:113,213
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2069:Bulgar Millet
2067:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2017:289,233
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1987:138,017
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1870: Muslim
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1680:), Etripolu (
1679:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1541:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1400:was created.
1399:
1394:
1392:
1391:Bulgar Millet
1384:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:autocephalous
1319:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1279:was a set of
1278:
1277:Millet system
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:monastery at
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:alternatively
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1074:Gotse Delchev
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:Halil İnalcık
1041:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
999:
995:
986:
983:
977:
976:
970:
968:
963:
961:
956:
954:
950:
949:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
908:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:Panagyurishte
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
828:
826:
820:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
696:
691:
690:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
654:
645:
643:
639:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
566:
561:
559:
554:
552:
547:
546:
544:
543:
540:
529:
528:Main category
526:
525:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
501:
491:
488:
483:
482:Communist era
480:
475:
472:
467:
464:
459:
456:
451:
448:
443:
440:
439:
435:
432:
425:
422:
417:
414:
409:
406:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
389:
386:
381:
378:
377:
373:
370:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
346:
343:
338:
335:
328:
325:
324:
320:
317:
312:
309:
308:
304:
301:
296:
293:
286:
283:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
265:
262:
257:
254:
251:6th–7th cent.
246:
243:
238:
235:
230:
227:
226:
225:
224:
220:
216:
215:
212:
206:
205:
200:
195:
194:
187:
184:
182:Today part of
180:
176:
172:
169:
163:
159:
156:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
95:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
64:
59:
54:
47:
31:
19:
8181:Coat of arms
8146:Demographics
7987:Armed Forces
7963:Human rights
7943:Constitution
7820:Principality
7814:
7690:
7622:Tripolitania
7521:. Retrieved
7517:the original
7480:
7476:
7449:
7416:
7407:
7403:
7384:
7365:
7361:
7336:cite journal
7308:
7304:
7290:
7270:
7249:
7239:
7215:
7204:
7193:
7189:
7180:
7176:
7168:the original
7145:
7141:
7131:
7124:
7067:
7063:
7034:
7025:
7019:
7010:
7004:
6995:
6973:
6964:
6960:
6954:
6945:
6941:
6935:
6926:
6922:
6916:
6908:the original
6883:
6882:
6868:
6864:
6832:
6828:
6800:
6759:
6755:
6745:
6726:
6722:
6703:
6699:
6667:
6663:
6636:
6622:
6618:
6608:
6598:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6576:
6572:
6562:
6553:
6548:
6541:
6532:
6527:
6520:
6511:
6487:
6482:
6475:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6440:(3): 85–86.
6437:
6433:
6423:
6404:
6400:
6390:
6381:
6375:
6356:
6352:
6301:
6297:
6269:
6244:the original
6212:
6178:
6169:
6163:. Syndesmos.
6160:
6154:
6129:
6121:
6112:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6046:
6014:
6008:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5962:
5953:
5949:
5943:
5934:
5930:
5924:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5858:
5854:
5830:
5815:
5805:
5799:
5785:
5770:
5750:
5743:
5723:
5716:
5705:. Retrieved
5690:
5683:
5671:. Retrieved
5661:
5627:
5597:
5590:
5566:. New York:
5562:
5552:
5540:. Retrieved
5521:
5514:
5496:
5464:
5458:
5426:
5420:
5400:
5393:
5374:
5368:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5318:. Retrieved
5308:
5302:
5293:
5287:
5279:
5274:
5205:
5181:
5153:
5126:
5102:
5098:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4075:
4070:
4056:
4039:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4008:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3855:
3756:Stara Zagora
3566:Muslim Roma
3416:
3408:
3402:
3367:
3355:
3336:
3323:
3319:
3307:
3301:
3291:
3285:
3183:
3161:
3119:
3116:7,830 Greeks
3115:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:Bulgarians,
3084:
3080:
3048:85,805
3031:
2845:15,190
2821:14,690
2783:21,261
2758:24,696
2714:27,589
2684:16,588
2662:27,001
2656:88,445
2650:52,742
2644:20,492
2574:
2456:
2449:
2445:Kemal Karpat
2442:
2427:
2391:Vlachs, etc.
2388:
2384:
2383:Bulgarians,
2380:
2376:
2344:51,975
2327:
2112:Ullah Millet
2079:93,613
2073:85,268
2011:20,612
2005:77,539
1999:38,230
1993:14,835
1923:
1891:
1889:
1803:
1769:
1758:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1559:
1509:
1483:
1443:
1439:
1431:Demographics
1402:
1395:
1388:
1383:Thessaloniki
1365:
1358:
1320:(a de facto
1315:
1308:
1274:
1243:
1233:
1167:
1157:) and 1686 (
1142:
1113:
1096:
1070:Machiel Kiel
1063:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1023:
1003:
979:
973:
972:
964:
959:
957:
946:
943:
924:
904:
833:
829:
821:
814:
795:
778:Vidin Eyalet
767:
759:Thessaloniki
711:beylerbeylik
704:
693:
687:
681:
659:
616:
608:Great Powers
606:, where the
597:
576:
574:
474:World War II
437:1878–present
371:
52:
8047:Agriculture
8004:Chairperson
7980:enforcement
7912:Sredna Gora
7877:Earthquakes
7013:(3): 71–75.
6961:Das Ausland
5967:Eminov 1987
5570:. pp.
4940:Topolovgrad
4451:Nova Zagora
4011:Momchilgrad
4009:Sultanyeri/
3925:Ahi Çelebi/
3398:Topolovgrad
3386:Momchilgrad
3023:4,595
3017:2,374
2999:1,009
2993:1,102
2980:1,799
2937:7,303
2931:1,437
2925:1,697
2913:2,048
2907:1,790
2901:Non-Muslim
2893:3,915
2875:3,421
2752:2,964
2746:6,545
2740:2,825
2734:2,783
2728:9,579
2696:4,307
2690:6,522
2434:Circassians
2319:3,535
2313:1,790
2289:1,101
2276:3,515
2264:1,455
2240:Non-Muslim
2232:2,693
2214:2,693
2189:1,294
2146:7,446
2122:7,446
2085:9,553
2060:1,569
2026:Muslim Roma
1692:), Rahova (
1688:), Plevne (
1676:), Izladi (
1301:Nationalism
1258:Mount Athos
927:Phanariotes
895:Janissaries
810:tax farming
466:World War I
458:Balkan Wars
237:Roman times
208:History of
89:Sunni Islam
8281:Categories
8213:Literature
8069:(currency)
7958:Government
7721:Montenegro
7532:"Devsirme"
7523:2006-09-04
7394:0312187084
7311:(4): 675.
7280:0521343151
7156:References
7146:More, R.J.
7070:(44): 191.
6967:: 393–416.
6929:: 259–261.
6670:(4): 717.
6625:(4): 720.
6579:(4): 720.
6359:(4): 695.
6188:0521616379
5707:2020-06-24
5384:0521343151
5296:(42): 234.
5198:Ahı Çelebi
5174:Ahı Çelebi
5146:Roustchouk
4882:Kızılağaç/
4337:Karinâbâd/
3644:Pazardzhik
3535:Rum millet
3425:Bulgarians
3311:Ravenstein
3295:Circassian
3192:Bulgarians
3166:ceded the
2854:Rum Millet
2677:Circassian
2582:Community
2465:Bulgarians
2198:Rum Millet
1931:Community
1812:Bulgarians
1726:Armenians.
1706:, of whom
1684:), Lofça (
1372:schismatic
1352:of Sultan
1236:Bulgarians
1127:Konstantin
937:of Sultan
920:Rum millet
844:Chiprovtsi
840:Dervendjis
786:Niš Eyalet
692:and large
493:since 1990
383:after 1413
380:Resistance
277:Golden Age
113:Government
102:Demonym(s)
96:(majority)
8136:Languages
8126:Education
8095:Transport
8016:President
7948:Elections
7887:Provinces
7845:Geography
7499:cite book
7435:cite book
5360:987671521
5309:Godisnjak
5282:, p. 101.
5266:Footnotes
5170:Koyuntepe
4938:Manastır/
3810:Kızanlık/
3642:Pazarcık/
3505:Armenians
3278:Armenians
3123:Armenians
3085:1,190,494
3081:2,066,998
3005:110
2962:808
2950:991
2919:331
2881:494
2815:500
2708:202
2544:Armenians
2387:Muslims,
2377:1,506,684
2295:630
2270:786
2258:999
2252:130
2246:145
2171:368
2159:926
2054:766
2048:128
2042:118
2036:245
2030:312
1882:Armenians
1722:Jews and
1714:Muslims,
1708:1,198,946
1704:2,006,845
1641:Armenians
1502:Armenians
1470:Wallachia
1396:Also the
1354:Abdülaziz
1182:Austrians
1174:Macedonia
1119:Sigismund
1089:tax; the
1083:Habsburgs
953:Janissary
939:Abdülaziz
887:Christian
755:Macedonia
686:, medium
670:Beylerbey
640:with the
519:1893–1944
485:1946–1990
477:1941–1945
469:1915–1918
461:1912–1913
427:1877–1878
391:1762–1878
375:1396–1878
348:1371–1396
340:1300–1371
330:1273–1291
322:1274–1300
314:1230–1241
306:1185–1396
298:1018–1185
245:Dark Ages
119:Beylerbey
107:Bulgarian
85:Religion
79:Bulgarian
61:1396–1878
46:Bulgarian
8261:Category
8208:Language
8153:Religion
8062:Industry
7931:Politics
7917:Villages
7778:Bulgaria
7691:Bulgaria
7560:Bulgaria
6734:Archived
6083:citation
6032:citation
5560:(2003).
5542:15 April
5482:citation
5444:citation
5314:Archived
5214:See also
4339:Karnobat
4281:Misivri/
4225:Yanbolu/
4169:İslimye/
3812:Kazanlak
3634:125,767
3437:(28.21%)
3427:(57.96%)
3358:Hürriyet
3214:(10.35%)
3204:(26.22%)
3194:(56.96%)
3155:in 1878.
2477:(34.17%)
2467:(57.60%)
2421:in 1878.
2301:14
1824:(38.39%)
1814:(58.94%)
1718:Romani,
1694:Oryahovo
1682:Etropole
1678:Zlatitsa
1674:Sevlievo
1613:Gypsies/
1605:296,769
1591:181,455
1575:borders
1520:(59.79%)
1500:and 344
1472:and the
1297:Tanzimat
1264:and the
1254:Hilandar
1193:and the
1189:between
1011:Turkoman
969:writes:
948:devşirme
891:Devşirme
878:Religion
868:Zheravna
852:Dryanovo
735:Anatolia
723:province
662:vilayets
288:968–1018
267:681–1018
210:Bulgaria
199:a series
197:Part of
186:Bulgaria
8252:Outline
8198:Customs
8186:Cuisine
8163:Culture
8109:Society
8090:Tourism
8035:Economy
7882:Islands
7825:Tsardom
7787:History
7736:Ukraine
7711:Hungary
7696:Croatia
7681:Albania
7663:Lebanon
7627:Tunisia
7612:Algeria
6469:: 1047.
5673:26 July
5572:25, 445
5320:27 June
5204:, from
5202:Haskovo
5180:, from
5152:, from
5125:, from
5108:Gallery
5089:Ubicini
5070:912,114
5010:557,082
5000:302,322
4989:100.00
4986:26,548
4950:26,139
4933:100.00
4930:12,914
4894:11,489
4871:872,652
4811:519,454
4801:300,488
4781:436,362
4721:259,727
4711:150,244
4692:116,579
4611:100.00
4608:19,259
4572:14,179
4556:100.00
4507:Pomorie
4505:Ahyolu/
4500:100.00
4497:18,070
4461:11,777
4444:100.00
4441:14,278
4399:10,858
4388:100.00
4385:12,653
4332:100.00
4283:Nesebar
4276:100.00
4273:13,423
4220:100.00
4217:28,178
4181:17,975
4158:319,747
4098:194,785
4088:105,728
3927:Smolyan
3919:100.00
3916:21,625
3880:15,959
3870:Chirpan
3868:Çırpan/
3863:100.00
3860:30,898
3822:14,906
3816:14,365
3805:100.00
3802:33,353
3766:24,857
3749:100.00
3746:60,587
3710:25,503
3704:33,323
3700:Haskovo
3698:Hasköy/
3693:100.00
3690:47,337
3654:33,395
3648:10,805
3637:100.00
3598:80,165
3592:35,400
3588:Plovdiv
3586:Filibe/
3507:(0.17%)
3497:(0.64%)
3487:(0.73%)
3477:(2.19%)
3475:Muhacir
3467:(2.74%)
3457:(3.47%)
3447:(3.91%)
3382:Smolyan
3315:Kiepert
3298:Muhacir
3280:(0.17%)
3270:(0.38%)
3260:(0.44%)
3250:(0.70%)
3240:(0.96%)
3224:(2.35%)
3212:Muhacir
3133:Tirnova
3089:706,270
3077:Ubicini
3011:0
2974:0
2968:0
2956:0
2887:0
2869:0
2863:0
2839:0
2833:0
2827:0
2722:Muslim
2702:0
2680:Muhacir
2635:Millet
2610:Tırnova
2577:only):
2559:Tirnova
2546:(0.17%)
2536:(0.38%)
2526:(0.44%)
2516:(0.70%)
2500:(2.39%)
2490:(2.68%)
2488:Muhacir
2475:Muslims
2399:Tirnova
2385:578,466
2381:888,114
2373:Ubicini
2307:0
2226:0
2220:0
2208:0
2202:0
2183:0
2177:0
2165:0
2140:0
2134:0
2128:0
2116:0
1984:Millet
1959:Tırnova
1908:Tirnova
1884:(0.17%)
1874:(0.21%)
1864:(0.36%)
1854:(0.47%)
1844:(0.47%)
1834:(0.99%)
1822:Muslims
1776:Tirnova
1712:733,078
1659:496,744
1619:17,474
1291:of the
1283:in the
1250:Paisius
1240:Ottoman
1178:Karposh
1176:led by
1163:Tarnovo
1147:voyvoda
1131:Fruzhin
998:Ottoman
856:Kalofer
848:Gabrovo
806:arpalik
802:Rumelia
747:Plovdiv
731:Balkans
721:), the
715:Rumelia
680:(small
621:or the
619:British
358:Dobruja
280:896–927
166:•
153:•
140:History
8266:Portal
8228:Sports
8203:Dances
8176:Cinema
8141:People
8131:Health
8057:Energy
7902:Rivers
7731:Serbia
7716:Kosovo
7706:Greece
7701:Cyprus
7674:Europe
7643:Arabia
7605:Africa
7546:Portal
7487:
7464:
7423:
7410:].
7391:
7277:
7258:
7223:
6998:: 107.
6192:p. 74.
6186:
6142:
6021:
5758:
5731:
5698:
5635:
5605:
5578:
5533:
5471:
5433:
5408:
5381:
5358:
5348:
5178:Filibe
5075:100.00
5050:31,634
4888:1,425
4884:Elhovo
4876:100.00
4851:31,634
4786:100.00
4761:15,817
4697:100.00
4632:64,942
4622:44,516
4566:4,262
4562:Burgas
4553:5,265
4517:3,113
4511:1,772
4455:5,310
4405:2,735
4393:Aydos/
4349:3,938
4343:7,656
4329:5,453
4293:3,118
4287:2,182
4237:8,107
4231:4,084
4227:Yambol
4175:8,392
4171:Sliven
4163:100.00
4138:11,635
4076:100.00
4071:13,757
4017:13,336
4002:100.00
3997:14,188
3874:5,158
3846:1,384
3760:6,677
3734:1,548
3678:2,120
3622:5,174
3610:3,462
3578:Total
3533:&
3531:Bulgar
3503:
3501:
3493:
3491:
3481:
3473:
3471:
3465:Pomaks
3463:
3461:
3451:
3445:Greeks
3443:
3441:
3433:
3431:
3423:
3421:
3394:Elhovo
3327:Lovech
3276:
3274:
3268:Greeks
3266:
3264:
3256:
3254:
3244:
3238:Pomaks
3236:
3234:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3190:
3188:
3137:Rusçuk
3105:14,606
3101:30,380
3097:49,392
3093:55,178
3068:(100%)
3062:(100%)
3056:(100%)
3050:(100%)
3044:(100%)
3038:(100%)
2858:Greeks
2810:Vlachs
2621:Sanjak
2613:Sanjak
2605:Sanjak
2597:Sanjak
2589:Sanjak
2586:Rusçuk
2569:&
2563:Rusçuk
2542:
2540:
2534:Greeks
2532:
2530:
2522:
2520:
2510:
2504:
2494:
2485:Çerkes
2483:
2481:
2471:
2463:
2461:
2438:Nogais
2403:Rusçuk
2389:14,892
2364:(100%)
2358:(100%)
2352:(100%)
2346:(100%)
2340:(100%)
2334:(100%)
1970:Sanjak
1962:Sanjak
1954:Sanjak
1946:Sanjak
1938:Sanjak
1935:Rusçuk
1926:only)
1918:&
1912:Rusçuk
1880:
1878:
1868:
1862:Greeks
1860:
1858:
1848:
1840:
1838:
1832:Vlachs
1830:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1808:
1780:Rusçuk
1716:70,595
1690:Pleven
1686:Lovech
1664:100.0%
1615:Romani
1608:59.7%
1594:36.5%
1568:Millet
1546:
1542:(0.1%)
1538:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1496:, 702
1494:Romani
1460:, the
1456:, the
1350:firman
1310:nation
1238:under
1199:Russia
1151:hayduk
1087:avariz
1079:Yörüks
935:firman
907:millet
899:Mehter
889:-born
763:Skopje
751:Edirne
743:Thrace
727:Europe
689:zeamet
674:Sultan
363:Lovech
240:46–681
201:on the
143:
135:
42:
8218:Music
8171:Media
8121:Crime
7892:Pirin
7653:Syria
7617:Egypt
7479:[
7406:[
7368:(3).
7196:]
7192:[
7183:]
7179:[
7096:(PDF)
6944:[
6792:(PDF)
6486:[
6073:[
6056:(PDF)
5952:[
5933:[
5914:[
5895:[
5876:[
5857:[
5669:. BBC
5506:(PDF)
5150:Vidin
5123:Sofia
5060:6,616
5040:5,806
5030:7,284
5020:1,370
5015:61.08
5005:33.15
4953:98.5
4897:89.0
4861:6,616
4841:5,806
4831:7,284
4821:1,370
4816:59.53
4806:34.43
4771:3,308
4751:2,903
4741:3,642
4726:59.53
4716:34.43
4682:1,887
4672:4,182
4575:73.6
4569:22.1
4520:59.2
4514:33.7
4464:65.2
4458:29.4
4408:19.2
4402:76.0
4395:Aytos
4352:31.1
4346:60.5
4296:51.6
4290:40.0
4240:60.4
4234:30.4
4184:63.8
4178:29.8
4148:1,421
4128:2,059
4118:3,642
4103:60.92
4093:33.07
3943:5,346
3933:8,197
3883:73.8
3877:23.9
3825:48.2
3819:46.5
3769:74.5
3763:20.0
3713:42.1
3707:55.0
3657:70.5
3651:22.8
3601:63.6
3595:28.1
3435:Turks
3409:males
3202:Turks
3145:Varna
3141:Sofya
3129:Vidin
3120:3,598
3109:9,190
3032:TOTAL
2803:(58%)
2797:(84%)
2791:(60%)
2785:(25%)
2779:(73%)
2773:(37%)
2670:(34%)
2664:(13%)
2658:(36%)
2652:(61%)
2646:(11%)
2640:(53%)
2633:Islam
2618:Sofya
2602:Varna
2594:Vidin
2575:males
2571:Varna
2567:Sofya
2555:Vidin
2411:Varna
2407:Sofya
2395:Vidin
2328:TOTAL
2105:(59%)
2099:(86%)
2093:(59%)
2087:(18%)
2081:(80%)
2075:(38%)
2019:(38%)
2013:(12%)
2007:(40%)
2001:(74%)
1995:(13%)
1989:(61%)
1982:Islam
1967:Sofya
1951:Varna
1943:Vidin
1924:males
1920:Varna
1916:Sofya
1904:Vidin
1796:Tulça
1788:Varna
1784:Sofya
1772:Vidin
1724:1,390
1720:2,836
1654:TOTAL
1648:0.1%
1635:0.1%
1622:3.5%
1600:Rayah
1518:Rayah
1446:jizye
1139:Radik
1019:İzmir
864:Kotel
836:rayah
825:rayah
798:jizye
757:with
745:with
729:(the
707:Sofia
700:vakιf
683:timar
678:fiefs
396:Early
353:Vidin
123:Pasha
8191:wine
8067:Lev
7968:LGBT
7897:Rila
7648:Iraq
7636:Asia
7505:link
7485:ISBN
7462:ISBN
7441:link
7421:ISBN
7389:ISBN
7349:help
7275:ISBN
7256:ISBN
7221:ISBN
6184:ISBN
6140:ISBN
6138:–8.
6089:link
6038:link
6019:ISBN
5973:help
5756:ISBN
5729:ISBN
5696:ISBN
5675:2015
5633:ISBN
5603:ISBN
5576:ISBN
5544:2016
5531:ISBN
5488:link
5469:ISBN
5450:link
5431:ISBN
5406:ISBN
5379:ISBN
5356:OCLC
5346:ISBN
5322:2019
5172:and
5065:0.72
5055:3.47
5045:0.64
5035:0.79
5025:0.15
4983:N/A
4980:N/A
4977:N/A
4974:N/A
4971:N/A
4968:N/A
4965:N/A
4962:N/A
4959:N/A
4956:N/A
4947:1.5
4944:409
4927:N/A
4924:N/A
4921:N/A
4918:N/A
4915:N/A
4912:N/A
4909:N/A
4906:N/A
4903:N/A
4900:N/A
4891:9.6
4866:0.76
4856:3.63
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