101:
70:
430:
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86:
19:
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426:, claimed development of a free energy device. Perrigo claimed the energy source was "from thin air" or from aether waves. He demonstrated the device before the Congress of the United States on December 15, 1917. Perrigo had a pending application for the "Improvement in Method and Apparatus for Accumulating and Transforming Ether Electric Energy". Investigators report that his device contained a hidden motor battery.
2068:, APS, 28 June 2002 "The Executive Board of the American Physical Society is concerned that in this period of unprecedented scientific advance, misguided or fraudulent claims of perpetual motion machines and other sources of unlimited free energy are proliferating. Such devices would directly violate the most fundamental laws of Nature, laws that have guided the scientific advances that are transforming our world."
496:
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754:. Bearden then founded and directed the Alpha Foundation's Institute for Advanced Study (AIAS) to further propagate his theories. This group has published papers in established physics journals and in books published by leading publishing houses, but one analysis lamented these publications because the texts were "full of misconceptions and misunderstandings concerning the theory of the
333:, claimed to have developed a "generator" that could power other machines. The machine was open for viewing in Philadelphia, where Redheffer raised large amount of money from the admission fee. Redheffer moved his machine to New York, after his cover was blown in Philadelphia, while applying for government funding. It was there that
642:. Johnson claimed that his device generates motion, either rotary or linear, from nothing but permanent magnets in rotor as well as stator, acting against each other. He estimated that permanent magnets made of proper hard materials should lose less than two percent of their magnetization in powering a device for 18 years.
2260:
Perpetual Motion: Comprising a
History of the Efforts to Attain Self-Motive Mechanism with a Classified, Illustrated Collection and Explanation of the Devices Whereby it Has Been Sought and Why They Failed, and Comprising Also a Revision and Re-Arrangement of the Information Afforded by "Search for
704:
created a device in 1981 using a seemingly constantly rotating bicycle wheel sealed in a plexiglass container. He created it as a scientific joke, always stating that it was a fake and not a true perpetual motion machine, but to date no one has yet discovered how the device works. Before he died of
2126:
We show that the AIAS group collection of papers on a 'new electrodynamics' recently published in the
Journal of New Energy, as well as other papers signed by that group (and also other authors) appearing in other established physical journals and in many books published by leading international
791:
Ltd. claimed to have built an over-unity device based on rotating magnets, and took out an advertisement soliciting scientists to test their claims. The selection process for twelve began in
September 2006 and concluded in December 2006. The selected jury started investigating Steorn's claims. A
737:
The motionless electromagnetic generator (MEG) was built by Tom
Bearden. Allegedly, the device can eventually sustain its operation in addition to powering a load without application of external electrical power. Bearden claimed that it didn't violate the first law of thermodynamics because it
352:
that would disobey the principle that water seeks its own level, so to produce a continuous ascent and overflow. The device had an inclined plane over pulleys. At the top and bottom, there travelled an endless band of sponge, a bed and, over this, again an endless band of heavy weights jointed
1416:, described as follows: "Photos, illustrations, and information on Harry Perrigo, a local inventor of a "free energy" device in the 1910s-1920s turning out to be a hoax. Energy source of "invention" supposedly "from thin air" or from "ether waves" but in actually from a hidden battery."
364:. The vehicle driver could tilt a trough depending upon need. A heavy ball rolled in a cylindrical trough downward, and, with continuous adjustment of the device's levers and power output, Drasch believed that it would be possible to power a vehicle.
42:
have shown that they are impossible. Despite this, many attempts have been made to construct such machines, continuing into modern times. Modern designers and proponents sometimes use other terms, such as "overunity", to describe their inventions.
783:
using less energy than conventionally thought possible. No independent confirmation was ever made of their claims, and in 2006, company founder
Patrick Kelly was sentenced to five years in prison for stealing funds from investors.
1037:, May 2003. "Pascal worked on many versions of the devices, leading to his attempt to create a perpetual motion machine. He has been credited with introducing the roulette machine, which was a by-product of these experiments."
2127:
publishers (see references) are full of misconceptions and misunderstandings concerning the theory of the electromagnetic field and contain fatal mathematical flaws, which invalidates almost all claims done by the authors.
379:
claimed the invention of an induction resonance motion motor. He explained that he used "etheric technology". In 1872, Keely announced that he had discovered a principle for power production based on the vibrations of
2261:
Self -Motive Power During The 17th, 18th and 19th
Centuries," London, 1861, and "A History of the Search for Self-Motive Power from the 13th to The 19th Century," London, 1870, by Henry Dircks, C. E., LL. D., Etc.
408:
A departure from known methods – possibility of a "self-acting" engine or machine, inanimate, yet capable, like a living being, of deriving energy from the medium – the ideal way of obtaining motive power.
908:
471:. He gained a few investors but when the engine was publicly demonstrated, an explosion killed one of the observers and injured two others. Papp blamed the accident on interference by physicist
367:
In 1870, E.P. Willis of New Haven, Connecticut made money from a "proprietary" perpetual motion machine. A story of the overcomplicated device with a hidden source of energy appears in the
667:
to test his machine; they informed the Court that Newman's device did not produce more power than supplied by the batteries it was connected to, and the Court found against Newman.
772:
said that it would reexamine the patent and change the way it recruits examiners, and re-certify examiners on a regular basis, to prevent similar patents from being granted again.
683:
electrothermal water-based generator (referred to as "Yusmar 1"). He founded the YUSMAR company to promote his device. The device has failed to produce over unity under tests.
1528:
2427:
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from the immediate environment. Critics dismiss this theory and instead identify it as a perpetual motion machine with an unscientific rationalization. Science writer
216:
designed a magnetic globe which, if it were mounted without friction parallel to the celestial axis, would rotate once a day. It was intended to serve as an automatic
171:
There are some unsourced claims that a perpetual motion machine called the "magic wheel" (a wheel spinning on its axle powered by lodestones) appeared in 8th-century
792:
public demonstration scheduled for July 4, 2007 was canceled due to "technical difficulties". In June 2009, the selected jury said the technology does not work.
629:
659:
did more mechanical work than could be accounted for by the electrical power supplied to it. Newman's patent application was rejected in 1983. Newman sued the
2776:
1401:
148:. Even though they obey the principle of conservation of energy, they attempt extraction of work from a single heat reservoir, violating the principle of no
388:
accused Keely of fraud (they lost nearly five million dollars). Keely's machine, it was discovered after his death, was based on hidden air pressure tubes.
100:
1786:
69:
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1644:
2513:
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507:
Paul
Baumann, a German engineer, developed a machine referred to as the "Testatika" and known as the "Swiss M-L converter" or "Thesta-Distatica".
2807:
337:
exposed
Redheffer's schemes during an exposition of the device in New York City (1813). Removing some concealing wooden strips, Fulton found a
1936:
2591:
2466:
2479:
1016:
415:, Australian inventor, had a lifelong fascination with perpetual motion. One of his studies on Newtonian mechanics led him to create a
1048:
2540:
2307:
769:
2364:
419:
machine in 1910 that converted curvilineal motion into straight line movement. The device is the basis of modern mechanical shears.
2850:
2764:
775:
In 2002, the GWE (Genesis World Energy) group claimed to have 400 people developing a device that supposedly separated water into H
384:. Scientists investigated his machine which appeared to run on water, though Keely endeavoured to avoid this. Shortly after 1872,
2985:
2911:
2094:
de
Carvalho, A. L. T.; Rodrigues Jr, W. A. (2003). "The non Sequitur Mathematics and Physics of the 'New Electrodynamics' of the
2424:
401:
373:
article "The
Greatest Discovery Ever Yet Made". Investigation into the device eventually found a source of power that drove it.
2141:
2057:
2031:
2008:
282:), claimed to have experimented with 300 different perpetual motion models before developing what he said were working models.
2397:
2337:
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2349:
1720:
1599:
1356:
1030:
918:
2918:
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2209:
2190:
479:, the journal of the Southern Californian Skeptics. Papp continued to accept money but never demonstrated another engine.
3008:
2975:
1930:
655:
705:
cancer in 2017, his brother Peter persuaded him to write down the secret behind the wheel, which he sent in a letter to
112:
3064:
2781:
1558:
1034:
2678:
2653:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2276:
1904:
1860:
1764:
2107.01 General Principles Governing Utility Rejections (R-5) – 2100 Patentability. II. Wholly inoperative inventions
1387:
1082:
882:
345:
721:, producing a video of the event, in which he suspected that an electrical mechanism of some kind drove the device.
353:
together. The whole stood over the surface of still water. Congreve believed his system would operate continuously.
2858:
2569:
2459:
1323:"Keely's Secret Disclosed.; Scientists Examine His Laboratory and Discover Hidden Tubes in Proof of His Deception."
964:
85:
2077:
1398:
2814:
2752:
2586:
2552:
297:. Cox claimed that the timepiece was a true perpetual motion machine, but as the device is powered by changes in
157:
138:, the principle of conservation of energy, creating energy out of nothing. Most attempts fall into this category.
312:
made the statement that the Academy "will no longer accept or deal with proposals concerning perpetual motion."
38:. For millennia, it was not clear whether perpetual motion devices were possible or not, but modern theories of
3059:
2683:
2581:
660:
1139:
2990:
2771:
2737:
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489:
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230:. Leonardo da Vinci was generally against such devices, but drew and examined numerous overbalanced wheels.
2759:
2732:
2710:
2668:
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2326:
2225:
1164:
664:
576:
145:
1095:
Scaffer, Simon (June 1995). "The Show That Never Ends: Perpetual Motion in the Early Eighteenth Century".
3033:
3003:
2786:
2747:
2695:
2452:
1693:
1615:
1322:
1273:"HPs Perpetuum Mobile Physik. Die Geschichte der schiefen Ebene und ihrer Verwendung in perpetua Mobilia"
356:
In 1868, an Austrian, Alois Drasch, received a US patent for a machine that possessed a "thrust key-type
341:
belt drive went through a wall to an attic. In the attic, a man was turning a crank to power the device.
135:
2259:
1518:
Matthey, PH (1985), "The Swiss ML Converter – A Masterpiece of Craftsmanship and Electronic Engineering"
2863:
2725:
2615:
2535:
1759:
1737:
556:
309:
254:
2251:
Perpetuum Mobile: Or, A History of the Search For Self-Motive Power, From the 13th to the 19th Century
3054:
2970:
2939:
2819:
2715:
2610:
1348:
The Problem of Increasing Human Energy: with Special References to the Harnessing of the Sun's Energy
765:
965:"Copy and transcript of an article concerning Cornelis Drebbel's Perpetuum Mobile by Francis Franck"
532:(this claim may be related to the similar ones of John Andrews (1917)). He was brought to court for
400:
claimed to have discovered an abstract principle on which to base a perpetual motion machine of the
2995:
2868:
2824:
2742:
2720:
2574:
1989:
854:
710:
376:
2415:
263:
248:
devised the "perpetual vase" ("perpetual goblet" or "hydrostatic paradox") which was discussed by
2901:
2603:
2545:
2523:
1738:"Patent Application: "ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM HAVING HIGHER ENERGY OUTPUT THAN INPUT" (failed)"
1006:
1509:
Jeane Manning, The coming energy revolution. Reviews Avery Pub. Group, April 1, 1996. Page 141.
1056:
528:) that would reduce the price of gasoline to 8 cents per gallon. This process involved a green
1616:"Annotated Mythbusters: Episode 68: Christmas Tree Lights, Antigravity Device, Vodka Myths IV"
190:
2896:
2891:
2845:
2702:
2501:
2081:
1444:
1413:
1297:
1077:
Ord-Hume, Arthur W. J. G. Perpetual Motion: The History of an Obsession. St. Martin's Press.
755:
646:
197:
76:
2291:
1497:
1272:
2496:
2117:
1461:
1258:
1246:
750:, are considered "howlers" by physicists, and that his doctorate title was obtained from a
687:
298:
286:
271:
2304:
1680:
463:(sometimes referred to as Joseph Papp or Joseph Papf) supposedly developed an alternative
8:
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2361:
1876:
369:
2250:
2162:
2121:
1250:
544:
William Bauer and Justice Philip Romiti both observed a demonstration in the 1954 case.
2944:
2625:
2475:
2107:
1120:
1112:
817:
601:, although he went on to demonstrate how such a device would fail to work in practice.
529:
385:
294:
290:
241:
233:
Mark Anthony Zimara, a 16th-century Italian scholar, proposed a self-blowing windmill.
213:
179:
2438:
1670:
698:
effects from the cooling flow through the pellets may be responsible for the results.
429:
3015:
2934:
2620:
2598:
2488:
2272:
1789:. United States District Court, District of Columbia.(paper hosted on Google Scholar)
1716:
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326:
302:
237:
223:
2138:
2054:
2028:
2005:
857:(April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology",
240:
in "Wonder-vondt van de eeuwighe bewegingh" dedicated a Perpetuum motion machine to
2954:
2394:
2334:
1536:
1254:
1104:
706:
594:
446:, in the October 1920 issue, published an article on the lure of perpetual motion.
349:
259:
217:
183:
31:
2346:
686:
Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (CETI) claimed development of a device called the
2431:
2401:
2368:
2353:
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2213:
2194:
2145:
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2035:
2012:
1864:
1405:
609:
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472:
442:
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2206:
2187:
1589:
895:
More Heat Than Light: Economics As Social Physics: Physics As Nature's Economics
2980:
2642:
1985:
1330:
1178:
743:
650:
416:
275:
39:
1961:
1108:
760:
733:
Motionless electromagnetic generator circuit as explained in US Patent 6362718
638:
484:
422:
In the 1910s and 1920s, Harry Perrigo of Kansas City, Missouri, a graduate of
186:
3048:
2080:, Eric Prebys, Guest Lecture at Columbia University, November 4, 2008. Also,
1882:
1020:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–182.
1011:
835:
809:
718:
412:
361:
334:
175:. This historical claim appears to be unsubstantiated though often repeated.
1566:
18:
2245:
840:
Feeding the fire: the lost history and uncertain future of mankind's energy
751:
633:
583:
548:
510:
488:
titled "Permanent magnet propulsion system". This device is related to the
397:
330:
245:
209:
23:
1857:
1833:
746:
said that Bearden's physics theories, compiled in the self-published book
1957:
1639:
1434:
Citations originally at www.kclibrary.org resources Subject area ID 77176
941:
714:
691:
614:
605:
500:
381:
249:
35:
2296:
2112:
1808:
1787:"Newman v. Quigg, 681 F. Supp. 16 – Dist. Court, Dist. of Columbia 1988"
971:
2416:
Alleged Creation of Perpetual Energy Source Splits Scientific Community
1212:
1116:
1005:
680:
564:
560:
464:
460:
267:
201:
2321:
1642:
Episode 68: Christmas Tree Lights, Antigravity Device, Vodka Myths IV
196:
A drawing of a perpetual motion machine appeared in the sketchbook of
2254:
With an introductory essay. Second Series. London. W. Clowes and Sons
1909:
850:
848:
537:
525:
468:
279:
205:
2425:
Perpetual motion vs. "working machines creating energy from nothing"
621:
270:
and several perpetual motion machines using balls using variants of
2387:
1035:"Inventor of the Week Archive: Pascal : Mechanical Calculator"
695:
572:
552:
521:
2395:
The Basement Mechanic's Guide to Testing Perpetual Motion Machines
845:
2378:
1967:
1694:"Industrial Engineer Gets Patent for a Device Powered by Magnets"
1202:
Information originally at www.skepticfiles.org/skep2/pmotion2.htm
1168:. American Heritage Publishing Company. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
803:
690:
that outputs small yet anomalous amounts of heat, perhaps due to
676:
579:
514:
495:
172:
149:
92:
236:
Various scholars in this period investigated the topic. In 1607
1932:
The Impossible Perpetuum Mobile Machine Invented By David Jones
788:
618:
where it failed to demonstrate any lift-generating capability.
518:
338:
227:
178:
Early designs of perpetual motion machines were done by Indian
2314:, An Online Compendium of Rolling Ball Sculptures, Clocks, Etc
2029:"Vacuum Energy: How Do You Patent a Perpetual-Motion Machine?"
499:
Thesta-Distatica electrical circuit as explained in Potter's "
226:
made a number of drawings of devices he hoped would make free
2139:"Free Energy: The Patent Office Decides to Take Another Look"
2006:"Free Energy: Perpetual Motion Scams are at an All-Time High"
729:
568:
541:
533:
244:. It was described by Heinrich Hiesserle von Chodaw in 1621.
1409:
604:
In the 1970s, David Hamel produced the Hamel generator, an "
1645:"Mythbusters : Episode Guide : Discovery Channel"
1594:. Massachusetts, USA: Addison-Wesley. pp. Chapter 46.
357:
2084:
for Fermilab's "Ask a scientist" program, December 6, 2009
1715:. Scottsdale, AZ, USA: Joseph Newman Publishing Company.
1162:
Hicks, Clifford B. (April 1961). "Why won't they work?".
423:
152:
decrease in an isolated macroscopic thermodynamic system.
1784:
2093:
2055:"Free Energy: APS Board Speaks Out on Perpetual Motion"
2226:"Irish 'energy for nothing' gizmo fails jury vetting"
1858:
CETI : Patterson Cell – taking a scientific look
1488:
New scientist, Volume 170, Issues 2286-2291. Page 48.
475:, who later shared his observations in an article in
1529:"Is there a pill that can turn water into gasoline?"
799:
717:
examined the wheel in 2023, which was housed at the
597:that would supposedly extract meaningful work from
1752:
127:There are two types of perpetual motion machines:
2474:
694:. Skeptics state that inaccurate measurements of
482:On December 20 of 1977, Emil T. Hartman received
204:and architect. The sketchbook was concerned with
3046:
913:. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 41–44.
2050:
2048:
26:'s 1618 "water screw" perpetual motion machine.
1963:Adam Savage vs The "Perpetual Motion" Machine!
1785:Jackson, Thomas Penfield (February 26, 1988).
1778:
1735:
1710:
1559:"Otis Carr Flying Machine – KeelyNet 12/23/01"
1097:The British Journal for the History of Science
653:electrical motor which, according to his book
2460:
2269:Perpetual Motion: The History of an Obsession
2207:http://steorn.net/en/news.aspx?p=2&id=981
2188:http://steorn.net/en/news.aspx?p=2&id=911
1425:filed December 31, 1925; Serial Number 78,719
1338:
910:Perpetual Motion: The History of an Obsession
768:issued a statement against the granting. The
2045:
1729:
1668:
142:Perpetual motion machines of the second kind
1956:
1902:
1766:. United States Patent and Trademark Office
1740:. United States Patent and Trademark Office
266:, designed a "self operating" self-powered
132:Perpetual motion machines of the first kind
106:Orffyreus' Mersseburgische Perpetuum Mobile
2467:
2453:
2264:. 20th Century Enlightenment Specialty Co.
1981:
1979:
1977:
262:proposed a fluid energy machine. In 1686,
2111:
2100:Random Operators and Stochastic Equations
770:United States Patent and Trademark Office
1484:
1482:
1003:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
942:"Wonder-vondt van de eeuwighe bewegingh"
906:
728:
663:in US District Court, which ordered the
620:
494:
428:
315:
17:
1974:
1905:"Motion machine is a perpetual mystery"
1591:The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. 1
1587:
1581:
1137:
1094:
3047:
2078:Energy: No Such Thing as a Free Lunch"
1760:"Manual of Patent Examining Procedure"
1704:
1445:"The undying lure of perpetual motion"
1259:10.1038/scientificamerican11181911-452
404:. No prototype was produced. He wrote:
2448:
2286:". Scientific American. January 1968.
1479:
1344:
988:
625:Howard R. Johnson's US Patent 4151431
193:) that he claimed would run forever.
2919:Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era
2373:". The Museum of Unworkable Devices.
1046:
212:. Following the example of Villard,
34:machines dates at least back to the
1713:The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman
656:The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman
433:Cover of the October 1920 issue of
166:
134:are those devices that violate the
13:
2267:Ord-Hume, Arthur W. J. G. (1977).
2239:
1535:. 14 December 1984. Archived from
907:Ord-Hume, Arthur W. J. G. (1977).
310:Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris
57:Kinds of perpetual motion machines
14:
3076:
2407:
636:and, on April 24, 1979, received
346:Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet
3029:
3028:
2347:The Museum of Unworkable Devices
1903:Tom Whipple (30 December 2017),
1736:Newman, Joseph (17 March 1983).
802:
555:formed a company to manufacture
111:
99:
84:
68:
2218:
2199:
2180:
2155:
2132:
2087:
2071:
2022:
1999:
1950:
1923:
1896:
1869:
1851:
1826:
1801:
1686:
1662:
1633:
1608:
1551:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1491:
1454:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1392:
1372:
1315:
1290:
1265:
1230:
1205:
1196:
1171:
1156:
1131:
1088:
1071:
1040:
670:
454:
391:
320:
200:, a 13th-century French master
158:Perpetual motion classification
118:Boyle's perpetual motion scheme
2335:Patents for Unworkable Devices
2302:MacMillan, David M., et al., "
1990:"'Dr' Bearden's Vacuum Energy"
1671:"Amazing Magnet-Powered Motor"
1298:"Image of Scientific American"
1024:
957:
934:
900:
887:
867:
859:The American Historical Review
829:
661:US Patent and Trademark Office
608:" device, supposedly after an
582:. He claimed inspiration from
1:
823:
540:, but in 1973 was convicted.
490:Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy
449:
348:devised a machine running on
144:are devices that violate the
2327:The Engines of Our Ingenuity
1669:Jorma Hyypia (Spring 1980).
1588:Feynman, Richard P. (1963).
1380:Conquest of the Ngarrindjeri
1302:genealogyimagesofhistory.com
1213:"No. 438: Redheffer's PMM-I"
893:Philip J. Mirowski, (1991).
758:." When Bearden was awarded
665:National Bureau of Standards
575:endeavour. He also promoted
513:reportedly had a process of
146:second law of thermodynamics
64:
7:
2841:Cosmic microwave background
2292:Perpetual Motion Chronology
1498:"Back-Engineered Testatika"
1138:Radford, Tim (2003-11-13).
795:
612:. The device was tested on
136:first law of thermodynamics
10:
3081:
1809:"EXPERIMENTS – Earth Tech"
1410:Kansas City Public Library
1165:American Heritage Magazine
649:applied for a patent on a
517:water molecules into high-
255:Philosophical Transactions
155:
46:
3065:History of thermodynamics
3024:
2963:
2927:
2884:
2833:
2797:
2641:
2487:
2362:Perpetual Motion Pioneers
2284:Perpetual Motion Machines
1885:(blog), 25 September 2018
1408:, a vertical file at the
1351:. Charles River Editors.
1109:10.1017/S0007087400032957
1004:Chrystal, George (1911).
766:American Physical Society
679:claims development of an
503:Back-Engineered" article.
189:, who described a wheel (
2371:(The Movers and Shakers)
2257:Verance, Percy. (1916).
1007:"Perpetual Motion"
873:Time-Life Books (1991).
855:Lynn Townsend White, Jr.
724:
711:University of Nottingham
377:John Ernst Worrell Keely
305:, this is not the case.
2976:Chandrasekhar–Eddington
2902:Golden age of cosmology
2834:On specific discoveries
2782:Lorentz transformations
1996:, January/February 2007
1711:Newman, Joseph (1998).
1698:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
1679:(Cover illustration is
1675:Science & Mechanics
1017:Encyclopædia Britannica
877:. 143 pages. Page 125.
675:Dr. Yuri S. Potapov of
2907:Medieval Islamic world
2650:Computational physics
2592:Variational principles
2519:Electrical engineering
2435:". 2003, Revised 2004.
2282:Angrist, Stanley W., "
2271:. St. Martin's Press.
1466:www.museumofhoaxes.com
1183:www.museumofhoaxes.com
748:Energy from the Vacuum
734:
632:developed a permanent
626:
504:
438:
410:
91:15th-century wheel by
27:
3060:History of technology
2897:Golden age of physics
2892:Copernican Revolution
2439:Perpetuum mobile page
2297:HP's Perpetuum Mobile
2163:"State of New Jersey"
2152:, APS, 23 August 2002
1414:Kansas City, Missouri
1382:(1979), pp. 234-236,
1245:(21): 452–453. 1911.
1179:"This page has moved"
1140:"Too good to be true"
761:U.S. patent 6,362,718
756:electromagnetic field
732:
647:Joseph Westley Newman
639:U.S. patent 4,151,431
630:Howard Robert Johnson
624:
498:
485:U.S. patent 4,215,330
432:
406:
316:Industrial Revolution
264:Georg Andreas Böckler
198:Villard de Honnecourt
156:Further information:
77:Villard de Honnecourt
21:
3000:Relativity priority
2855:Subatomic particles
2815:Loop quantum gravity
2804:Quantum information
2753:Quantum field theory
2553:Gravitational theory
2319:Lienhard, John H., "
2305:The Rolling Ball Web
1834:"COMMERCIAL SOURCES"
1237:"Perpetual Motion".
1049:"Perpetual Futility"
1047:Simaneck, Donald E.
688:Patterson power cell
299:atmospheric pressure
75:Perpetuum Mobile of
2964:Scientific disputes
2950:Via Panisperna boys
2851:Gravitational waves
2798:Recent developments
2529:Maxwell's equations
2441:by Veljko Milković.
2122:2003physics...2016D
2019:, APS, 5 April 2002
1251:1911SciAm.105..452.
1239:Scientific American
897:462 pages. Page 15.
709:, a chemist at the
589:In 1962, physicist
386:venture capitalists
370:Scientific American
3009:General relativity
3004:Special relativity
2945:Oxford Calculators
2772:Special relativity
2691:General relativity
2476:History of physics
2430:2005-01-27 at the
2413:Gousseva, Maria, "
2400:2015-03-15 at the
2385:Kilty, Kevin T., "
2367:2012-04-23 at the
2352:2010-01-23 at the
2340:2015-03-15 at the
2310:2018-10-17 at the
2212:2020-01-13 at the
2193:2020-01-13 at the
2144:2012-06-22 at the
2060:2012-06-22 at the
2034:2012-06-22 at the
2011:2012-06-22 at the
1994:Skeptical Inquirer
1863:2004-04-26 at the
1404:2007-10-08 at the
1345:Tesla, N. (2018).
1277:www.hp-gramatke.de
1059:on 2 February 2022
818:History of science
735:
627:
505:
439:
291:John Joseph Merlin
272:Archimedes' screws
242:James I of England
214:Peter of Maricourt
28:
3042:
3041:
3016:Transfermium Wars
2935:Harvard Computers
2760:Subatomic physics
2733:Quantum mechanics
2669:Superconductivity
2660:Condensed matter
2489:Classical physics
2042:, APS, 3 May 2002
1883:The Royal Society
1722:978-0-9613835-8-9
1700:. April 29, 1979.
1601:978-0-201-02116-5
1569:on 1 January 2015
1500:by Paul E. Potter
1462:"Feynman on Papp"
1443:Phillip Rowland.
1358:978-1-5080-1717-2
1334:, 20 January 1899
920:978-0-312-60131-7
524:compounds (named
327:Charles Redheffer
303:mercury barometer
238:Cornelius Drebbel
224:Leonardo da Vinci
164:
163:
3072:
3055:Perpetual motion
3032:
3031:
2955:Women in physics
2707:Nuclear physics
2631:Perpetual motion
2565:Material science
2509:Electromagnetism
2469:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2388:Perpetual Motion
2379:Museum of Hoaxes
2322:Perpetual motion
2234:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2203:
2197:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2159:
2153:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2115:
2091:
2085:
2075:
2069:
2052:
2043:
2026:
2020:
2003:
1997:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1878:Perpetual motion
1873:
1867:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1830:
1824:
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1819:
1805:
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1726:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1647:. Archived from
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1565:. Archived from
1563:www.keelynet.com
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1539:on 12 April 2018
1533:straightdope.com
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1458:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1399:Harry E. Perrigo
1396:
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1151:
1150:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1092:
1086:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1009:
1001:
986:
985:
983:
982:
976:
970:. Archived from
969:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
946:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
904:
898:
891:
885:
875:Inventive Genius
871:
865:
864:(3), p. 522-526.
852:
843:
833:
812:
807:
806:
763:
707:Martyn Poliakoff
641:
595:Brownian ratchet
586:, among others.
487:
350:capillary action
260:Johann Bernoulli
218:armillary sphere
191:Bhāskara's wheel
167:Pre-19th century
115:
103:
88:
72:
51:
50:
32:perpetual motion
22:An engraving of
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3073:
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3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3020:
2991:Joule–von Mayer
2959:
2923:
2880:
2829:
2793:
2684:Big Bang theory
2637:
2536:Fluid mechanics
2483:
2473:
2432:Wayback Machine
2422:Bearden, Tom, "
2410:
2402:Wayback Machine
2369:Wayback Machine
2354:Wayback Machine
2342:Wayback Machine
2312:Wayback Machine
2242:
2240:Further reading
2237:
2232:. June 6, 2009.
2230:The Irish Times
2224:
2223:
2219:
2214:Wayback Machine
2204:
2200:
2195:Wayback Machine
2185:
2181:
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2160:
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2146:Wayback Machine
2137:
2133:
2113:physics/0302016
2092:
2088:
2082:shorter version
2076:
2072:
2062:Wayback Machine
2053:
2046:
2036:Wayback Machine
2027:
2023:
2013:Wayback Machine
2004:
2000:
1984:
1975:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1939:, 16 March 2018
1929:
1928:
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1874:
1870:
1865:Wayback Machine
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1496:
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1459:
1455:
1451:, October 1920.
1449:Popular Science
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1406:Wayback Machine
1397:
1393:
1378:Graham Jenkin,
1377:
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1076:
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989:
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974:
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872:
868:
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846:
834:
830:
826:
808:
801:
798:
782:
778:
759:
727:
673:
637:
610:alien abduction
599:Brownian motion
591:Richard Feynman
483:
473:Richard Feynman
457:
452:
443:Popular Science
435:Popular Science
394:
323:
318:
295:Cox's timepiece
169:
160:
119:
116:
107:
104:
95:
89:
80:
73:
60:
49:
30:The history of
12:
11:
5:
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3057:
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3025:
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3019:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2996:Shapley–Curtis
2993:
2988:
2986:Leibniz–Newton
2983:
2981:Galileo affair
2978:
2973:
2967:
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2882:
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2878:
2876:Speed of light
2873:
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2871:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2820:Nanotechnology
2817:
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2686:
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2673:
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2666:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2643:Modern physics
2639:
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2628:
2623:
2618:
2611:Thermodynamics
2608:
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2409:
2408:External links
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2280:
2265:
2255:
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2217:
2205:Originally at
2198:
2186:Originally at
2179:
2154:
2131:
2086:
2070:
2044:
2021:
1998:
1986:Martin Gardner
1973:
1960:(3 Jan 2023).
1949:
1922:
1895:
1868:
1850:
1838:www.padrak.com
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1331:New York Times
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1170:
1155:
1130:
1103:(2): 157–189.
1087:
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1039:
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1012:Chisholm, Hugh
987:
956:
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726:
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285:In the 1760s,
276:Johann Bessler
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2419:". Pravda.ru.
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2376:Boes, Alex, "
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2277:0-312-60131-X
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1813:earthtech.org
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1651:on 2008-11-09
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671:1981 to 1999
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567:. Carr sold
549:Otis T. Carr
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511:Guido Franch
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441:
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398:Nikola Tesla
395:
392:1900 to 1950
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321:19th century
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246:Robert Boyle
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210:architecture
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2106:: 161–206.
1958:Adam Savage
1937:SIA Magazin
1793:7 September
1770:7 September
1744:7 September
1640:MythBusters
715:Adam Savage
692:cold fusion
615:MythBusters
606:antigravity
577:free energy
515:transmuting
501:Methernitha
469:inert gases
402:second kind
274:. In 1712,
250:Denis Papin
187:Bhaskara II
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3049:Categories
2885:By periods
2703:Geophysics
2675:Cosmology
2248:. (1870).
2167:www.nj.gov
2150:What's New
2066:What's New
2040:What's New
2017:What's New
1655:2011-10-13
1217:www.uh.edu
1149:2018-09-09
981:2012-03-10
950:2013-03-04
824:References
738:extracted
702:Dave Jones
681:over-unity
573:commercial
565:hovercraft
561:spaceships
467:that used
465:car engine
461:Josef Papp
450:Modern era
293:developed
268:water mill
258:for 1685.
184:astronomer
2928:By groups
2912:Astronomy
2748:Molecules
2582:Mechanics
2497:Astronomy
1943:7 January
1916:7 January
1910:The Times
1889:7 January
1125:146549874
926:March 12,
787:In 2006,
645:In 1979,
571:for this
547:In 1958,
538:acquitted
526:Mota fuel
459:In 1966,
396:In 1900,
344:In 1827,
325:In 1812,
287:James Cox
280:Orffyreus
206:mechanics
3034:Category
2859:timeline
2846:Graphene
2808:timeline
2777:timeline
2765:timeline
2738:timeline
2679:timeline
2664:timeline
2654:timeline
2616:timeline
2587:timeline
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2480:timeline
2428:Archived
2398:Archived
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559:-styled
553:Oklahoma
522:gasoline
492:(SMOT).
437:magazine
417:shearing
2869:Neutron
2726:Weapons
2711:Fission
2626:Entropy
2329:, 1997.
2118:Bibcode
1968:YouTube
1620:kwc.org
1364:2 April
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542:Justice
360:" of a
358:gearing
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173:Bavaria
150:entropy
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2621:Energy
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2696:tests
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