374:
597:
392:
614:
160:
558:
573:
4330:
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4350:
543:
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80:
of
Florence invented the first real internal combustion engine in 1853. Their patent request was granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title "Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gasses". In
1593:
in 1794, Thomas Mead and Robert Street both obtained patents in
England for gas or vapor engines, Mead proposing to raise the piston in his engine cylinder by the ignition of a gaseous, explosive mixture and to utilize for the down-stroke both the weight of the piston and the partial vacuum formed
509:. The engine compressed the air/fuel mixture before combustion, unlike the other atmospheric engines of the time. The engine was a single-cylinder unit that displaced 6.1 dm, and was rated 3 PS (2,206 W) at 180/min, with a fuel consumption of 0.95 m/PSh (1.29 m/kWh).
487:– an improved version of the Lenoir engine with flame ignition, better fuel economy and water injection into the cylinders for cooling – is introduced by French engineer Pierre Hugon. This engine was produced commercially for applications such as printing presses and patent offices.
3143:
71:
patented the first internal combustion engine to be applied industrially in the United States in 1823. Brown also demonstrated a boat using his engine on the Thames in 1827, and an engine-driven carriage in 1828. Father
41:. In 1794, Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794, Robert Street patented an internal-combustion engine, which was also the first to use liquid fuel (petroleum) and built an engine around that time. In 1798,
226:
1745 : Abbot
Agostino Ruffo of Verona testing a pump for leaks noticed that, after pressurization the wood plug had been scorched. Later he made an apparatus to further study timber ignition by pumps.
2313:
3147:
2415:
4247:
3232:
417:. The design was intended to provide power by the vacuum in the combustion chamber pulling the piston downwards, following the explosion of a gas fuel within the combustion chamber.
480:. The engine won a gold medal at the Paris Exhibition in 1867 and was patented in 1868. Fuel consumption of this engine was less than half that of the Lenoir and Hugon engines.
4257:
3030:
308:
and fitted to a wheeled carriage, possibly creating the first known automobile. This prototype engine used spark-ignition (as per the 1780s
Alessandro Volta design above).
449:
Nouvelles recherches sur les conditions pratiques de l'utilisation de la chaleur et en général de la force motrice. Avec application au chemin de fer et à la navigation
3512:[Engineers created a revolutionary single-stroke combustion engine that integrates intake, compression, combustion and exhaust in a single theoretical cycle].
2690:
3866:
4042:
2321:
3510:"Ingenieros crearon un revolucionario motor de combustiĂłn de 1 Ăşnico tiempo que integra admisiĂłn, compresiĂłn, combustiĂłn y escape en un solo ciclo teĂłrico"
2501:
1190:
that runs on diesel and consumes half the fuel of other comparable engines of the time. Ceramic was used as the material in the cylinders of the engine.
432:. Allegedly, in 1860, several of these engines were built and used commercially in Paris. By 1867, about 280 units of the Lenoir engine had been built.
4209:
4147:
3359:
2990:
Kawasaki, Minoru; Takase, Koyu; Kato, Sinji; Nakagawa, Masahiro; Mori, Kazuhiko; Nemoto, Morie; Takagi, Soya; Sugimoto, Hisashi (1 February 1992).
722:
65:
first drove it 100 metres in 1813, thus making history as the first car-like vehicle known to have been powered by an internal-combustion engine.
4273:
3997:
3791:
3311:
2903:
2427:
1316:
shows a prototype of an engine with a design similar to an inverted Wankel engine: The combustion chamber is triangular while the rotor is oval.
1299:
2008: Ford publishes the use of a Plasma
Transferred Wire Arc process for making highly smooth cylinder liners, used in mass production in 2015.
2850:
693:) is patented by French inventor Félix Millet. This five-cylinder engine was installed in the rear wheel of a bicycle for use in the 1894–1895
263:
to draw in outside air, and the air/fuel mixture was ignited by an external flame. Another gas engine was also patented in 1794 by Thomas Mead.
1412:
4252:
4137:
4100:
4065:
3608:
3293:
1356:
718:– often considered a predecessor to the diesel engine – begins production. The engine was designed by English inventor Herbert Akroyd Stuart.
650:– often considered to be the first automobile – is built. It was powered by a 0.55 kW (0.74 hp) single-cylinder four-stroke engine.
3260:
1705:
33:
in 1698, various efforts were made during the 18th century to develop equivalent internal combustion engines. In 1791, the
English inventor
3759:
3713:
3572:
3064:
520:
1876: Otto applied for a patent on a stratified charge engine that would use the four-stroke principle. The patent was granted in 1876 in
4163:
3890:
3536:
494:
was patented by
American engineer George Brayton. This engine used constant pressure combustion and began commercial production in 1876.
472:
1864: The first commercially successful internal combustion engine – a gas-fuelled atmospheric engine – is produced by German engineers
4077:
4025:
4004:
3980:
3946:
3929:
3878:
3683:
3406:
3181:
2930:
229:
1780s: An "electric pistol", which used an electric spark to ignite hydrogen gas in an enclosed vessel, is invented by
Italian chemist
3992:
3912:
3861:
3747:
3725:
3709:
3095:
1632:
3387:
4142:
4037:
3830:
2475:
2065:
2737:
3919:
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1927:
4231:
2967:
2940:
2774:
2747:
2672:
2636:
2601:
2567:
2273:
2109:
2075:
1937:
1843:
1744:
1671:
373:
3463:
3326:"LiquidPiston unveils 70cc rotary gasoline engine prototype embodying HEHC; power dense, low-vibration - Green Car Congress"
2298:
Automotive
Manufacturing and Maintenance: Report of a Panel of the Interagency Task Force on Motor Vehicle Goals Beyond 1980
2296:
2042:
4353:
4343:
3233:"Ford Shows You How it Uses Plasma to Eliminate Cast-Iron Cylinder Liners in GT350 & GT350R's Screaming Flat-Plane V8"
4389:
3678:
1902:
2764:
1855:
4107:
3786:
3766:
2246:
1984:
1386:
1366:
2022: The Avadi MA-250 engine features a design in which the piston and connecting rods rotate during engine operation.
42:
3340:
3049:
4303:
4127:
3820:
3699:
3601:
2662:
2222:
2188:
2156:
1970:
1769:
1452:
665:
603:
4221:
4199:
4183:
4132:
4095:
4060:
3732:
2125:
1391:
61:
built and patented a hydrogen and oxygen-powered internal-combustion engine. Fitted to a crude four-wheeled wagon,
3482:
246:
A Method for Rising
Inflammable Air for the Purposes of Producing Motion and Facilitating Metallurgical Operations
3958:
3851:
3810:
3771:
3754:
1663:
1785:
4384:
3987:
3936:
3902:
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3825:
3673:
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2875:
2509:
1208:
323:
4072:
4032:
4020:
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3953:
3941:
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3815:
3798:
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3117:
715:
572:
557:
406:
380:
3168:
1444:
Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering
4333:
4315:
3963:
3907:
3803:
3742:
3720:
3704:
3663:
3658:
3594:
1735:
Ricci, G.; et al. (2012). "The First Internal Combustion Engine". In Starr, Fred; et al. (eds.).
3432:
2993:
Development of Engine Valve Seats Directly Deposited onto Aluminum Cylinder Head by Laser Cladding Process
454:
1862: A prototype four-stroke engine, created from a modified Lenoir engine, is built by German engineers
4394:
4226:
3968:
3737:
1962:
Fünf Jahrtausende Radfahrzeuge: 2 Jahrhunderte Straßenverkehr mit Wärmeenergie. Über 100 Jahre Automobile
1176:
795:
that was able to produce more power than needed to run its own components is built by Norwegian inventor
579:
491:
260:
2713:
4216:
1331:
1121:
1957: First usage of electronic fuel injection (EFI) in a production passenger car, using the American
942:
484:
352:
216:
127:
18:
1278:
2006: Mercedes-Benz adopts the use of twin-wire arc spraying to produce highly smooth cylinder liners.
305:
62:
58:
4178:
4168:
3434:
Developing a 55% BTE Commercial Heavy-Duty Opposed-Piston Engine without a Waste Heat Recovery System
2907:
1567:
898:
2991:
2811:
2791:
564:
1420:
1129:
949:
938:
862:
858:
348:
no. 6525, table-type gas engine. Double-acting gas engine, first record of water-jacketed cylinder.
259:
piston engine is built by Robert Street. This engine was fuelled by gas vapours, used the piston's
1713:
1497:
1140:
596:
444:
322:– a thermodynamic theory for heat engines – is published in a research paper by French physicist
312:
68:
3431:
Abani, Neerav; Nagar, Nishit; Zermeno, Rodrigo; Chiang, Michael; Thomas, Isaac (28 March 2017).
3262:
Evolution and Future Trend of Large Frame Gas Turbines: A New 1600 Degree C, J Class Gas Turbine
3258:
Hada, Satoshi; Yuri, Masanori; Masada, Junichiro; Ito, Eisaku; Tsukagoshi, Keizo (9 July 2013).
3068:
2104:. Internet Archive. New York, N.Y. : Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press. pp. 2–5.
1636:
425:
4283:
2343:
1363:(effectively banning the production of petrol-powered or diesel-powered cars) by the year 2040.
1360:
647:
620:
249:
34:
2957:
2664:
Jet Prototypes of World War II: Gloster, Heinkel, and Caproni Campini's wartime jet programmes
2263:
2214:
2204:
1961:
1527:
1512:
1482:
458:
and Michael Zons. The engine was only able to run for a few minutes before it self-destructed.
351:
1838: A patent for the principle of a double-acting gas engine is granted to British inventor
4293:
3325:
2626:
1320:
1194:
832:
825:
803:
752:
424:
invented an atmospheric (non-compression) gas engine, using a layout similar to a horizontal
341:
286:
46:
3554:
2932:
Automotive Innovation: The Science and Engineering behind Cutting-Edge Automotive Technology
2389:
1058:. The first flight of a C.C.2, with its afterburners operating, took place on 11 April 1941.
671:, a high-speed (600 rpm), single-cylinder engine producing 0.37 kW (0.50 hp).
542:
329:
1826: A patent for the principle of a "gas or vapor engine" is granted to American inventor
119:
developed the first compressed charge, compression ignition engine. In 1954 German engineer
2880:
2718:
2099:
1606:
1122:
1067:
1002:
923:
256:
3509:
3091:
2688:
Alegi, Gregory (15 January 2014). "Secondo's Slow Burner, Campini Caproni and the C.C.2".
2367:"Centenary of the First Gas Turbine to Give Net Power Output: A Tribute to Ægidius Elling"
851:
8:
3617:
3144:"Nanoslide Iron Coating to be used in Mercedes-Benz diesel engines for lower consumption"
2533:"Engines and Innovation: Lewis Laboratory and American Propulsion Technology - Chapter 4"
1686:
Dugald Clerk, "Gas and Oil Engines", Longman Green & Co, (7th Edition) 1897, pp. 3–5.
1586:
1413:"Origin of Diesel Engine is in Fire Piston of Mountainous People Lived in Southeast Asia"
1044:
521:
513:
later improved the engine by changing the connecting rod and piston design from trunk to
95:
invented the first commercial liquid-fueled internal combustion engine in 1872. In 1876,
3204:(Technical report). Vol. 202. Surface and Coatings Technology. pp. 4438–4443.
1877:
781:
502:
201:
4204:
2210:
1133:
440:
315:. One of Brown's engines was used to pump water at a canal in London from 1830 to 1836.
220:
57:. This engine powered a boat on the river in France. The same year, the Swiss engineer
4359:
4278:
3305:
3213:
3200:
Bobzin, K.; Ernst, F.; Richardt, K.; Schlaefer, T.; Verpoort, C.; Flores, G. (2008).
3005:
2963:
2936:
2885:
2884:. Vol. 128, no. 3981. Peebles, Ohio, USA. 12 October 1985. pp. 20–21.
2825:
2770:
2743:
2695:
2668:
2632:
2597:
2563:
2269:
2242:
2218:
2184:
2152:
2105:
2071:
1966:
1933:
1839:
1765:
1740:
1667:
1448:
1096:
694:
654:
355:. This is the first known design to propose in-cylinder compression and the use of a
267:
2009:
796:
3438:
3267:
3209:
3205:
2997:
2817:
2577:
2423:
2370:
1259:
903:
891:
759:
678:– used in various rocket engines and jet engines – is invented by Swedish engineer
661:
466:
414:
410:
230:
100:
77:
73:
53:
ran a prototype internal combustion engine, using controlled dust explosions, the
2369:(Technical report). The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. pp. 83–88.
1258:
pistons. The use of beryllium engine components was banned following a protest by
1095:
system for a production passenger car – a mechanical injection system produced by
451:. De Rochas applied for a patent, however it was declared invalid two years later.
436:
considers the Lenoir engine to be the first functional internal combustion engine.
282:
185:. This device and earlier Diesel's experiences with pneumatic pumps, inspired the
50:
45:
designed the first American internal combustion engine. In 1807, French engineers
3186:
2034:
1442:
1341:
shows a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 55 percent in a reciprocating engine.
1151:
1051:
953:
908:
836:
705:
679:
675:
510:
505:– is built by Nicholas Otto, Franz Rings and Herman Schumm at the German company
391:
301:
104:
1549:
1302:
2011: Mitsubishi develops a gas turbine with a combustion temperature of 1600°C.
818:
613:
278:
54:
3202:
Thermal spraying of cylinder bores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc process
2449:
1282:
1223:
1187:
1092:
1020:
990:
433:
421:
290:
271:
234:
194:
178:
159:
131:
92:
82:
2532:
524:, and transformed into a German Realm Patent in 1877 (DRP 532, 4 August 1877).
277:
1807: One of the first known working internal combustion engines – called the
4378:
3633:
3217:
3009:
2889:
2829:
2699:
2176:
1863:
1338:
1251:
1212:
1107:
1100:
1084:– completes a test flight. The ramjet engine was designed by French engineer
1029:
1024:
1015:
997:
979:
968:
843:
807:
785:
737:
730:
726:
690:
686:
549:
477:
455:
209:
186:
116:
96:
86:
30:
22:
3341:"Why Everyone Forgot Koenigsegg's Revolutionary Freevalve Engine Technology"
1085:
873:
660:– often considered to be the first motorcycle – is built by German engineer
2628:
Engines and Innovation: Lewis Laboratory and American Propulsion Technology
1313:
1172:
1115:
839:
gas turbine where combustion takes place in a chamber closed off by valves.
814:
763:
640:
636:
473:
356:
330:
319:
135:
120:
26:
2344:"On a January day in 1902 — a very special patent request of Robert Bosch"
1292:
was the first production Hot vee turbocharged engine, used in the US-made
219:, a prototype single-cylinder gunpowder engine is built by Dutch inventor
4363:
3442:
3271:
3169:
https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15147892/2007-bmw-hydrogen-7-car-news/
2374:
2365:
Bakken, Lars E.; Jordal, Kristin; Syverud, Elisabet; Veer, Timot (2004).
1591:. New York, The Cassier's magazine company – via Internet Archive.
1247:
1158:
1055:
847:
792:
748:
465:-powered automobile – a prototype handcart – is built by German inventor
311:
1823: The concept of a gas vacuum engine is patented by British engineer
241:
182:
174:
165:
Types of farm equipment typically powered by early engines (scale models)
38:
2239:
The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History, Volume 3
729:. The essay discusses several concepts that led to the invention of the
4288:
2101:
The life of the automobile : the complete history of the motor car
1324:
1230:
1219:
1144:
1080:
1062:
960:
915:
887:
632:
528:
498:
334:
112:
3586:
751:
is built by Carl Benz. The configuration used later became known as a
4310:
4298:
1373:
1271:
927:
777:
532:
514:
205:
108:
107:, patented the compressed charge, four-stroke cycle engine. In 1879,
3555:"GAC China says it's building "world first" ammonia engine for cars"
846:
produced for aircraft in commercial quantities – the seven-cylinder
4248:
Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems
3001:
2821:
2796:
2180:
1483:"Nuova Osserv(azioni) sopra l'Aria condensata dentro d'una Siringa"
1345:
1266:
1047:
1010:
986:
975:
701:
506:
143:
3360:"Free Valve! It's The Only Way To Achieve A True Engine Democracy"
3266:(Technical report). The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
1836:
Geschichte des deutschen Verbrennungsmotorenbaus von 1860 bis 1918
1695:
Dugald Clerk, "Gas and Oil Engines", Longman Green & Co, 1897.
1417:
First International Conference on Business and technology Transfer
294:
3537:"Hyundai stops engine development and reassigns engineers to EVs"
3294:"ANALYSIS: GE opens five-year development effort for 777X engine"
1528:"Societies and Academies: Paris: Academy of Sciences, Sept. 4,"
1289:
1244:
1197:
1033:
engine completes the first flight of a turbojet-powered aircraft.
982:. The first successful operation of this engine occurred in 1937.
931:
123:
patented a "pistonless" engine using an eccentric rotary design.
21:
date back to between the 10th and 13th centuries, when the first
1372:
2023: The first ammonia powered engine for cars is developed by
762:
is adapted for use in a motor vehicle engine by German engineer
3031:"Laser cladding improves mass production of engine valve seats"
2631:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. pp. 93–.
1468:
Blazing the trail: the early history of spacecraft and rocketry
1293:
1075:
869:
741:
462:
345:
139:
1348:
introduces pre-chamber ignition in its commercially available
1330:
2017: The 2019 Infiniti QX50 is available with a turbocharged
755:, due to the pistons "punching" back and forth simultaneously.
2610:
1262:. At one point the material was also used in cylinder liners.
1255:
1237:
1183:
3291:
3199:
1411:
Ogata, Masanori; Shimotsuma, Yorikazu (20–21 October 2002),
930:
and changing the turbine blades from a flat profile into an
4258:
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles
3437:. World Congress Experience. Society Automotive Engineers.
1712:. Fondazione Barsanti & Matteucci. 2009. Archived from
1369:
2022: Hyundai stops internal combustion engine development.
1306:
1204:
289:. This single prototype engine used a series of controlled
3388:"Whatever Happened to the Freevalve Zero Camshaft Engine?"
2989:
2851:"Isuzu Motors said Thursday it has developed a ceramic..."
85:
produced a gas-fired internal combustion engine. In 1864,
3628:
2508:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
405:
1853–1857: A patent for the principle of the free-piston
126:
The first liquid-fuelled rocket was launched in 1926 by
3430:
2499:
2364:
1985:"The Benz Patent-Motorwagen - The First Car in History"
1419:, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, archived from
872:
design for a jet engine is patented by French engineer
89:
patented the first commercially successful gas engine.
25:
were invented in China. Following the first commercial
3573:"China's GAC Unveils World's First Ammonia Car Engine"
3464:"Under the skin: How Maserati's new V6 is more potent"
2816:. SAE International Congress and Exposition. US: SAE.
2301:. US: Office of the Secretary of Transportation. 1976.
736:
1897: The first functional diesel engine – called the
490:
1872: The first commercial liquid-fuelled engine, the
2962:. Society of Automotive Engineers. pp. 199–200.
1285:
is offered with a hydrogen internal combustion engine
1211:(dual overhead camshaft) system in Japan in the 1989
1071:
fighter-bomber airplane – completes its first flight.
952:
engine for a production car is fitted to the English
2766:
Mick Walker's Japanese Grand Prix Racing Motorcycles
1359:, 24 countries committed to all new cars sold being
1106:
1957: The first working prototype of the pistonless
914:
1926: Theoretical improvements in the efficiency of
907:
for trucks and buses – is built by Swedish engineer
2706:
806:in a mass-production car is fitted to the American
333:. The patent includes the first known design for a
293:and was used to power a boat upstream in the river
3259:
2476:"Gas-turbine engine - Development of gas turbines"
2070:. London; New York : Routledge. p. 315.
890:gas-turbine engine is patented by French engineer
861:in a mass-production car is fitted to the Italian
711:1889: The first aluminium engine block is created.
3257:
1305:2013: General Electric starts development of the
4376:
1447:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–141,
1019:prototype engine – is built by German inventors
723:Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Motor
3179:
3052:. Bonnier Corporation – via Google Books.
2868:
2236:
1932:. Rutgers University Press. 1992. p. 152.
1498:"Sull'invenzione dell'Accendi-fuoco Pneumatico"
1410:
639:. This engine is amongst the earliest to use a
635:engine design is patented by Scottish engineer
3483:"We Dive Deep Into Maserati's New Nettuno V-6"
3182:"Here's How "Hot V" Turbocharged Engines Work"
3173:
2896:
2789:
2739:Fundamentals of Aircraft and Rocket Propulsion
1635:. About.com. 11 September 2009. Archived from
835:tested in Germany. The Holzwarth is a form of
4253:European Automobile Manufacturers Association
3602:
3579:. 26 June 2023 – via www.bloomberg.com.
2067:An Encyclopaedia of the history of technology
1633:"The History of the Automobile - Gas Engines"
1515:(On the invention of the pneumatic lighter),
1470:, Mike Gruntman, AIAA, 2004, ISBN 156347705X.
926:. Among the suggestions are the design for a
3407:"A look inside the Infiniti VC-Turbo engine"
2140:
1739:. London: Newcomen Society. pp. 23–44.
740:and designed by Rudolf Diesel – is built by
517:, so it could be put into series production.
270:gas engine was theorised by French engineer
266:1801: The concept of using compression in a
3310:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3292:Trimble2013-03-22T16:05:00+00:00, Stephen.
3047:
2358:
2314:"The engine that Benz built still survives"
1689:
1680:
1054:, was the first aircraft to incorporate an
4349:
3609:
3595:
3089:
2813:Development Status of Isuzu Ceramic Engine
2694:. No. 6. United Kingdom. p. 76.
2618:
2196:
1657:
1651:
430:Moteur à air dilaté par combustion des gaz
233:. This is possibly the first example of a
29:(a type of external combustion engine) by
4174:History of the internal combustion engine
3048:Corporation, Bonnier (19 November 1995).
2955:
2241:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 236.
2164:
2097:
2091:
1734:
1502:Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
2809:
2783:
2735:
2173:The Ultimate History of Fast Motorcycles
2146:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1584:
1513:"Sur l'invention du briquet pneumatique"
1319:2016: Qoros Auto shows a vehicle with a
989:engine is designed by American engineer
631:1881: The first commercially successful
4164:Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010
3616:
2731:
2729:
2660:
2311:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1660:Samuel Morey and his atmospheric engine
1526:(Editorial staff) (September 21, 1876)
1440:
1233:. They entered mass production in 1997.
1143:engine was the first high bypass ratio
978:engine is patented by English engineer
531:gas engine is built by German engineer
340:1833: A patent for a double-acting gas
4377:
3535:Gitlin, Jonathan M. (3 January 2022).
3534:
3480:
3404:
3385:
3357:
3230:
3118:"Mclaren Engine Material Under Threat"
2928:
2906:. Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Archived from
2762:
2624:
2591:
2530:
2261:
2202:
2063:
1759:
1434:
1074:1949: The first airplane powered by a
959:1927: An important reference book for
850:– begins production by French company
689:(not to be confused with a pistonless
4232:Minor automotive manufacturing groups
4138:Countries by motor vehicle production
3590:
3507:
3338:
3090:Collantine, Keith (8 February 2007).
2792:"The Coolest 'Hot Vee' Turbo Engines"
2722:. 23 November 1967. pp. 856–857.
2687:
2557:
2531:Dawson, Virginia P. (6 August 2004).
2170:
2010:"Sir Dugald Clerk- Scottish engineer"
76:, an Italian engineer, together with
4339:
3405:Truett, Richard (21 November 2017).
2726:
2387:
2268:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 171.
2237:Hendrickson III, Kenneth E. (2014).
1965:. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1994,
1878:"Siegfried Marcus - German inventor"
1838:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1962,
1803:
1728:
1404:
1275:prototype – completes a test flight.
920:Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design
788:was used for early French airplanes.
409:is granted to Italian mathematician
397:1860s Otto–Langen atmospheric engine
3231:Thomas, Phillip (14 October 2015).
2810:Kawamura, Hideo (1 February 1988).
2790:Raphael Orlove (9 September 2014),
2661:Buttler, Tony (19 September 2019).
2596:(in Swedish). Förlagshuset Norden.
2045:from the original on 4 January 2023
1982:
1790:www.themotormuseuminminiature.co.uk
1050:, designed by the Italian engineer
918:are proposed in the research paper
664:. The Reitwagen was powered by the
13:
3481:Markus, Frank (11 February 2021).
3180:Brian Silvestro (4 October 2017),
2736:El-Sayed, Ahmed F. (25 May 2016).
2681:
2654:
2126:"The first automobile (1885–1886)"
1387:Timeline of heat engine technology
1165:
244:engine is described in the patent
14:
4406:
3098:from the original on 21 July 2012
2763:Walker, Mick (11 February 2002).
2594:Volvo – Lastbilarna igår och idag
2502:"Gnome Omega No. 1 Rotary Engine"
1309:with a compression ratio of 61:1.
1254:engines with beryllium-aluminium-
1229:1991: Toyota develops laser-clad
428:. The design's patent was titled
181:, and its use is concentrated in
4358:
4348:
4338:
4329:
4328:
4184:Timeline of motor vehicle brands
4143:Countries by vehicles per capita
3146:. Coatings World. Archived from
3062:
2996:(Technical report). p. 17.
2929:Hossay, Patrick (12 July 2019).
2625:Dawson, Virginia Parker (1991).
2560:Scania fordonshistoria 1891–1991
2500:Smithsonian Institution (2018).
2388:Koch, Jeff (23 September 2018).
1508:(2) : 41–44. (in Italian)
1392:Timeline of motor vehicle brands
996:1935: The first mass-production
828:is employed for the first time.
612:
595:
571:
556:
541:
443:is described by French engineer
390:
372:
158:
149:
3565:
3547:
3528:
3508:Jemes, MartĂn (29 April 2024).
3501:
3474:
3456:
3424:
3398:
3379:
3358:Warner, Robin (26 March 2020).
3351:
3332:
3318:
3285:
3251:
3224:
3193:
3162:
3136:
3110:
3083:
3056:
3041:
3023:
2983:
2959:World History of the Automobile
2949:
2922:
2843:
2803:
2756:
2645:
2585:
2551:
2524:
2493:
2468:
2442:
2408:
2381:
2336:
2305:
2289:
2255:
2230:
2118:
2057:
2027:
2002:
1976:
1953:
1920:
1895:
1870:
1848:
1786:"The Motor Museum in Miniature"
1778:
1753:
1698:
1664:Society of Automotive Engineers
1065:-powered airplane – the German
1006:– begins production in Germany.
941:is built by American physicist
281:– is built by French inventors
138:by 1939, followed by the first
3210:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.023
2312:English, Bob (29 April 2010).
1625:
1599:
1578:
1560:
1542:
1493: : 307–308. (in Italian)
1473:
1460:
1147:to power a wide-body airliner.
1114:) is built by German engineer
817:is patented by Swiss engineer
725:is written by German engineer
420:1860: Belgian-French engineer
1:
3386:Wright, Micah (16 May 2023).
3067:. Ret-Monitor. Archived from
2506:National Air and Space Museum
2416:"Holzwarth Gas Turbine, 1908"
1760:Taylor, Michael J.H. (1983).
1658:Hardenberg, Horst O. (1992).
1523: : 541–543. (in French)
1397:
1243:1998: From 1998 to 2000, the
142:engine in 1949 and the first
3339:Menon, Kiran (17 May 2023).
2714:"Commercial Aircraft Survey"
2206:The Ultimate Motorcycle Book
1737:The Piston Engine Revolution
1061:1942: The first operational
1037:
880:
780:is built by French engineer
770:
704:is built by German engineer
586:
439:1861: The principle for the
363:
272:Philippe LeBon D’Humberstein
7:
2876:"UDF runs at full throttle"
1860:www.nicolaus-august-otto.de
1662:. SP-922. Warrendale, Pa.:
1607:"All hail the Pyréolophore"
1380:
1177:Hot vee turbocharged engine
497:1876: The first functional
324:Nicolas LĂ©onard Sadi Carnot
304:is built by Swiss engineer
300:1807: The hydrogen-fuelled
19:Internal combustion engines
10:
4411:
4390:Internal combustion engine
2613:trucks yesterday and today
2562:(in Swedish). Streiffert.
2558:Lindh, Björn-Eric (1992).
2151:, MetroBooks, p. 16,
2098:Parissien, Steven (2014).
1706:"The Historical Documents"
1588:Modern gas and oil engines
1332:Variable compression ratio
1000:for a passenger car – the
426:double acting steam engine
422:Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir
240:1791: The principle for a
200:10th to 13th century: The
83:Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir
4324:
4266:
4240:
4192:
4179:History of the motorcycle
4169:History of the automobile
4156:
4128:Automobile sales by model
4120:
4088:
4053:
4013:
3839:
3692:
3651:
3642:
3624:
2945:– via Google Books.
2779:– via Google Books.
2752:– via Google Books.
2667:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2592:Olsson, Christer (1987).
1856:"125 Jahre Viertaktmotor"
1585:Spies, Albert (1892–95).
1157:1979: Honda releases the
1027:. In 1939, the successor
899:gasoline direct injection
852:Société Des Moteurs Gnome
813:1905: The exhaust-driven
716:Hornsby–Akroyd oil engine
507:Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik
407:Barsanti–Matteucci engine
381:Barsanti–Matteucci engine
134:became the world's first
4222:Motorcycle manufacturers
4200:Automobile manufacturers
4133:Best-selling automobiles
2956:Eckermann, Erik (2001).
2480:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1441:Needham, Joseph (1965),
1269:-powered airplane – the
1236:1995: Toyota introduces
1200:runs for the first time.
1141:Pratt & Whitney JT9D
1130:Rolls-Royce RB.203 Trent
1099:– is used in the German
985:1931: The first working
950:double overhead camshaft
939:liquid-propellant rocket
886:1921: The concept of an
863:Isotta Fraschini Tipo KM
859:overhead camshaft engine
842:1908: The world's first
784:. The engine called the
742:Maschinenfabrik Augsburg
604:Grandfather clock engine
3124:. UK. 24 September 1998
2420:www.deutsches-museum.de
2147:Gardiner, Mark (1997),
2014:Encyclopedia Britannica
974:1930: The concept of a
445:Alphonse Beau de Rochas
306:François Isaac de Rivaz
212:, is invented in China.
63:François Isaac de Rivaz
59:François Isaac de Rivaz
4284:Automotive engineering
3714:manufacturers detailed
2691:The Aviation Historian
2171:Brown, Roland (2005),
1903:"Siegfried Marcus Car"
1511:Govi, Gilberto (1876)
1496:Govi, Gilberto (1876)
1487:Giornale de' Letterati
1361:zero emission vehicles
1327:showed the idea again.
965:Steam and Gas Turbines
648:Benz Patent-Motorwagen
621:Benz Patent-Motorwagen
4385:History of technology
4005:List of manufacturers
3831:List of manufacturers
3684:List of manufacturers
3092:"Banned! – Beryllium"
3065:"Aluminium-Beryllium"
2856:. US. 27 October 1983
2651:U.S. Patent 1,980,266
2456:. UK. 7 February 2022
2265:Dreams to Automobiles
2203:Wilson, Hugo (1993),
2128:. Mercedes-Benz Group
1568:"The Hydrogen Engine"
1321:camless piston engine
1222:had been replaced by
1195:General Electric GE36
1045:Caproni Campini C.C.2
833:Holzwarth gas turbine
826:Cylinder deactivation
804:overhead valve engine
580:Brayton's Ready Motor
492:Brayton's Ready Motor
461:1864–1875: The first
342:Lemuel Wellman Wright
115:gas engine. In 1892,
4274:Auto and motor shows
3443:10.4271/2017-01-0638
3272:10.1115/GT2012-68574
2881:Flight International
2719:Flight International
2375:10.1115/GT2004-53211
2262:Larson, Len (2008).
2064:McNeil, Ian (1990).
1762:Milestones of Flight
1710:Barsanti e Matteucci
1207:was introduced as a
1123:Bendix Electrojector
1110:(sometimes called a
1068:Messerschmitt Me 262
1003:Mercedes-Benz OM 138
924:Alan Arnold Griffith
922:by English engineer
563:1864–1875 prototype
501:engine – called the
447:in the essay titled
248:by British inventor
191:compression ignition
111:patented a reliable
4227:Truck manufacturers
3618:Automotive industry
3516:(in Spanish). Spain
3150:on 18 December 2023
2608:(Translated title:
2576:Vehicle history of
2574:(Translated title:
2324:on 20 December 2013
2149:Classic motorcycles
2041:. 8 November 1881.
1983:Ben (17 May 2020).
1716:on 25 February 2017
1154:engine was created.
967:by Slovak engineer
173:Before 100 AD: The
4395:Belgian inventions
3710:manufacturers list
2390:"Cadillac V-8-6-4"
2318:The Globe and Mail
2211:Dorling Kindersley
2035:"US249307A- Clerk"
1882:www.britannica.com
1572:www3.eng.cam.ac.uk
1161:with oval pistons.
1134:three-spool engine
1132:becomes the first
527:1879: A prototype
503:Otto Silent Engine
441:four-stroke engine
221:Christiaan Huygens
189:, which also uses
4372:
4371:
4279:Automotive design
4217:Bus manufacturers
4210:by parent company
4148:Top manufacturers
4116:
4115:
3050:"Popular Science"
3035:Laser Focus World
2969:978-0-7680-0800-5
2942:978-0-429-87729-2
2904:"The VTEC Engine"
2776:978-0-9531311-8-1
2769:. Redline Books.
2749:978-1-4471-6796-9
2674:978-1-4728-3597-0
2638:978-0-16-030742-3
2603:978-91-86442-76-7
2569:978-91-7886-074-6
2275:978-1-4691-0104-0
2111:978-1-250-04063-3
2077:978-0-203-33017-3
1939:978-0-8135-1758-2
1929:Ways of the world
1844:978-3-662-11843-6
1746:978-0-904685-15-2
1673:978-1-56091-240-8
1550:"ELECTRIC PISTOL"
1355:2021: During the
1097:Robert Bosch GmbH
695:Millet motorcycle
667:Grandfather clock
522:Elsass–Lothringen
208:-fuelled form of
4402:
4362:
4352:
4351:
4342:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4304:list of vehicles
3649:
3648:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3301:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3265:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3187:Road & Track
3177:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3071:on 1 August 2010
3060:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2622:
2616:
2607:
2589:
2583:
2573:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2450:"Hans Holzwarth"
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:on 14 March 2018
2426:. Archived from
2424:Deutsches Museum
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2320:. Archived from
2309:
2303:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1862:. Archived from
1852:
1846:
1834:Friedrich Sass:
1832:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1546:
1540:
1477:
1471:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1408:
1357:COP26 conference
1265:2004: The first
1260:Scuderia Ferrari
1150:1970: The first
1091:1952: The first
1009:1937: The first
948:1926: The first
937:1926: The first
904:Hesselman engine
897:1925: The first
892:Maxime Guillaume
857:1910: The first
831:1908: The first
802:1904: The first
791:1903: The first
782:LĂ©on Levavasseur
776:1902: The first
760:ignition magneto
747:1897: The first
721:1892: The essay
700:1889: The first
662:Gottlieb Daimler
616:
599:
575:
560:
550:Lenoir gas motor
545:
467:Siegfried Marcus
415:Felice Matteucci
411:Eugenio Barsanti
394:
376:
287:Nicéphore Niépce
231:Alessandro Volta
162:
146:engine in 2004.
101:Gottlieb Daimler
78:Felice Matteucci
74:Eugenio Barsanti
4410:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4320:
4262:
4236:
4188:
4152:
4112:
4084:
4049:
4009:
3835:
3688:
3638:
3620:
3615:
3585:
3584:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3561:. 27 June 2023.
3553:
3552:
3548:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3479:
3475:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3411:Automotive News
3403:
3399:
3384:
3380:
3369:
3367:
3356:
3352:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3303:
3302:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3229:
3225:
3198:
3194:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3061:
3057:
3046:
3042:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2910:on 17 June 2018
2902:
2901:
2897:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2808:
2804:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2734:
2727:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2623:
2619:
2604:
2590:
2586:
2570:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2512:on 10 July 2018
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2386:
2382:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1981:
1977:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1833:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1639:on 11 July 2012
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1383:
1168:
1166:1980 to present
1152:geared turbofan
1052:Secondo Campini
1040:
971:– is published.
954:Sunbeam 3-litre
909:Jonas Hesselman
883:
837:constant volume
773:
706:Wilhelm Maybach
680:Gustaf de Laval
676:de Laval nozzle
628:
627:
626:
625:
624:
617:
608:
607:
606:
600:
589:
582:
576:
567:
561:
552:
546:
511:Wilhelm Maybach
402:
401:
400:
399:
398:
395:
386:
385:
384:
377:
366:
353:William Barnett
302:De Rivaz engine
291:dust explosions
217:Huygens' engine
215:1678–1679: The
193:(as opposed to
177:is invented in
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
163:
152:
105:Wilhelm Maybach
99:, working with
12:
11:
5:
4408:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4356:
4346:
4336:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4267:Related topics
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
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4181:
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4122:
4118:
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4114:
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4111:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4092:
4090:
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4057:
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4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3993:United Kingdom
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3922:
3917:
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3915:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3862:Czech Republic
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
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3762:
3752:
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3740:
3735:
3730:
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3718:
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3702:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
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3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3564:
3546:
3527:
3500:
3473:
3455:
3423:
3397:
3378:
3350:
3331:
3317:
3284:
3250:
3223:
3192:
3172:
3161:
3135:
3109:
3082:
3055:
3040:
3037:. 1 July 2019.
3022:
3002:10.4271/920571
2982:
2968:
2948:
2941:
2921:
2895:
2878:. Propulsion.
2867:
2842:
2822:10.4271/880011
2802:
2782:
2775:
2755:
2748:
2725:
2705:
2680:
2673:
2653:
2644:
2637:
2617:
2602:
2584:
2568:
2550:
2523:
2492:
2467:
2441:
2407:
2380:
2357:
2335:
2304:
2288:
2274:
2254:
2248:978-0810888883
2247:
2229:
2223:
2195:
2189:
2163:
2157:
2139:
2117:
2110:
2090:
2076:
2056:
2039:Google Patents
2026:
2001:
1975:
1959:Rudolf Krebs:
1952:
1938:
1919:
1894:
1869:
1866:on 7 May 2011.
1847:
1802:
1777:
1770:
1752:
1745:
1727:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1672:
1650:
1624:
1613:. 20 July 2016
1598:
1594:underneath it.
1577:
1559:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1517:Comptes rendus
1509:
1504:, 2nd series,
1494:
1472:
1466:Chapters 1–2,
1459:
1453:
1433:
1423:on 23 May 2007
1402:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1286:
1283:BMW Hydrogen 7
1279:
1276:
1263:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1224:fuel injection
1216:
1201:
1191:
1188:ceramic engine
1180:
1175:F1 car used a
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1137:
1126:
1119:
1104:
1093:fuel injection
1089:
1072:
1059:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1021:Hans von Ohain
1007:
994:
991:Robert Goddard
983:
972:
957:
946:
943:Robert Goddard
935:
912:
895:
882:
879:
878:
877:
866:
855:
840:
829:
822:
811:
800:
797:Ægidius Elling
789:
772:
769:
768:
767:
756:
745:
734:
719:
712:
709:
698:
683:
672:
651:
644:
618:
611:
610:
609:
601:
594:
593:
592:
591:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
577:
570:
568:
562:
555:
553:
547:
540:
537:
536:
525:
518:
495:
488:
481:
470:
459:
452:
437:
434:Friedrich Sass
418:
396:
389:
388:
387:
378:
371:
370:
369:
368:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
349:
338:
327:
316:
309:
298:
275:
264:
253:
238:
235:spark-ignition
227:
224:
213:
198:
195:spark ignition
179:Southeast Asia
164:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
151:
148:
132:Heinkel He 178
128:Robert Goddard
93:George Brayton
81:1860, Belgian
23:rocket engines
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4407:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4347:
4345:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:Organisations
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:Manufacturers
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4101:manufacturers
4099:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4079:
4078:manufacturers
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4066:manufacturers
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:South America
4052:
4044:
4043:manufacturers
4041:
4040:
4039:
4038:United States
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4026:manufacturers
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:North America
4012:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3998:manufacturers
3996:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3981:manufacturers
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:manufacturers
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3947:manufacturers
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3930:manufacturers
3928:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3913:manufacturers
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3891:manufacturers
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3879:manufacturers
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3867:manufacturers
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3804:manufacturers
3802:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3792:manufacturers
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3760:manufacturers
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3748:manufacturers
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3726:manufacturers
3724:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3634:Motor vehicle
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3327:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3299:
3298:Flight Global
3295:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3254:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3170:
3165:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3070:
3066:
3063:Ward, Wayne.
3059:
3051:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2971:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2938:
2935:. CRC Press.
2934:
2933:
2925:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2648:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2621:
2614:
2612:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2539:. US. SP-4306
2538:
2534:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2455:
2454:Grace's Guide
2451:
2445:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2345:
2339:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2224:1-56458-303-1
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2192:
2190:1-4054-5466-0
2186:
2183:, p. 6,
2182:
2178:
2177:Bath, England
2174:
2167:
2160:
2158:1-56799-460-1
2154:
2150:
2143:
2127:
2121:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2079:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1990:
1989:Garage Dreams
1986:
1979:
1972:
1971:9783642935534
1968:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1771:9780710602589
1767:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1537: : 468.
1536:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1454:9780521058032
1450:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:Achates Power
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:Mercedes-Benz
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:Early 1990s:
1217:
1214:
1213:Honda Integra
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:rotary engine
1109:
1108:Wankel engine
1105:
1102:
1101:Goliath GP700
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1078:engine – the
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1030:Heinkel HeS 3
1026:
1025:Ernst Heinkel
1022:
1018:
1017:
1016:Heinkel HeS 1
1013:engine – the
1012:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:diesel engine
995:
992:
988:
984:
981:
980:Frank Whittle
977:
973:
970:
969:Aurel Stodola
966:
962:
958:
955:
951:
947:
944:
940:
936:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
910:
906:
905:
901:engine – the
900:
896:
893:
889:
885:
884:
875:
871:
867:
864:
860:
856:
853:
849:
845:
844:rotary engine
841:
838:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
809:
808:Buick Model B
805:
801:
798:
794:
790:
787:
786:Antoinette 8V
783:
779:
775:
774:
765:
761:
757:
754:
750:
746:
743:
739:
738:Motor 250/400
735:
732:
731:diesel engine
728:
727:Rudolf Diesel
724:
720:
717:
713:
710:
707:
703:
699:
696:
692:
691:Wankel engine
688:
687:rotary engine
684:
681:
677:
673:
670:
668:
663:
659:
658:
652:
649:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
622:
615:
605:
598:
581:
574:
569:
566:
559:
554:
551:
544:
539:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
486:
482:
479:
478:Nicolaus Otto
475:
471:
468:
464:
460:
457:
456:Nicolaus Otto
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:
413:and engineer
412:
408:
404:
403:
393:
383:(scale model)
382:
375:
358:
354:
350:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Claude Niépce
280:
276:
273:
269:
265:
262:
261:intake stroke
258:
257:reciprocating
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
232:
228:
225:
222:
218:
214:
211:
210:rocket engine
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
187:Diesel engine
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:
161:
150:Prior to 1850
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
117:Rudolf Diesel
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:Nicolaus Otto
94:
90:
88:
87:Nicolaus Otto
84:
79:
75:
70:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:Claude Niépce
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:Thomas Savery
28:
24:
20:
16:
4173:
3679:South Africa
3576:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3541:Ars Technica
3540:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3513:
3503:
3491:. Retrieved
3486:
3476:
3467:
3458:
3446:. Retrieved
3433:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
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2537:NASA History
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2013:
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1988:
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1960:
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1928:
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1907:www.asme.org
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1610:
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1425:, retrieved
1421:the original
1416:
1406:
1349:
1314:Liquidpiston
1270:
1173:Ferrari 126C
1116:Felix Wankel
1111:
1103:small sedan.
1079:
1066:
1028:
1014:
1001:
964:
919:
902:
819:Alfred BĂĽchi
815:turbocharger
764:Robert Bosch
753:boxer engine
666:
656:
641:supercharger
637:Dugald Clerk
485:Hugon engine
474:Eugen Langen
448:
429:
359:for cooling.
357:water jacket
331:Samuel Morey
320:Carnot cycle
313:Samuel Brown
279:Pyréolophore
245:
237:heat engine.
190:
136:jet aircraft
125:
121:Felix Wankel
91:
69:Samuel Brown
67:
55:Pyréolophore
43:John Stevens
27:steam engine
17:
15:
4108:New Zealand
3920:Netherlands
3787:South Korea
3777:Philippines
3767:North Korea
3514:diariomotor
3493:23 December
3487:Motor Trend
3448:23 December
3416:17 December
3370:23 December
3277:23 December
3243:23 December
3237:Motor Trend
3154:23 December
3128:19 December
3015:19 December
2860:17 December
2835:17 December
2400:25 December
2328:19 December
2213:, pp.
1611:John Robson
1323:. In 2020,
1296:since 2008.
1248:Formula One
1231:valve seats
1220:Carburetors
1159:Honda NR500
1056:afterburner
956:sports car.
916:jet engines
865:luxury car.
848:Gnome Omega
793:gas turbine
749:flat engine
744:in Germany.
565:Marcus cart
250:John Barber
242:gas turbine
183:Austronesia
175:fire piston
39:gas turbine
37:patented a
35:John Barber
4379:Categories
4289:Drive time
3821:Uzbekistan
3700:Bangladesh
3644:By country
3392:EngineLabs
1764:. Jane's.
1720:1 November
1643:19 October
1427:1 December
1398:References
1325:Koenigsegg
1281:2006: The
1250:team used
1193:1985: The
1145:jet engine
1139:1969: The
1128:1967: The
1086:René Leduc
1081:Leduc 0.10
1063:jet engine
1043:1941: The
961:jet engine
888:axial-flow
874:René Lorin
868:1913: The
714:1891: The
674:1888: The
653:1885: The
646:1885: The
633:two-stroke
529:two-stroke
499:Otto cycle
483:1865: The
335:carburetor
318:1824: The
297:in France.
268:two-stroke
202:fire arrow
113:two-stroke
4311:Debadging
4299:Rebadging
4096:Australia
4061:Argentina
3733:Indonesia
3577:Bloomberg
3559:New Atlas
3218:0257-8972
3010:0148-7191
2890:0015-3710
2830:0148-7191
2700:2051-1930
2580:1891–1991
2543:5 January
2516:17 August
2485:5 January
2460:5 January
2350:4 January
2132:4 January
2083:4 January
2049:4 January
2019:4 January
1994:4 January
1973:, p. 203.
1945:2 January
1912:2 January
1887:2 January
1795:2 January
1617:1 January
1374:GAC Group
1272:NASA X-43
1186:builds a
1038:1940–1979
963:design –
928:turboprop
881:1920–1939
778:V8 engine
771:1900–1919
758:1897: An
657:Reitwagen
587:1880–1899
533:Carl Benz
515:crosshead
364:1850–1879
206:gunpowder
109:Karl Benz
47:Nicéphore
4334:Category
4316:Glossary
4294:Facelift
3959:Slovakia
3852:Bulgaria
3811:Thailand
3772:Pakistan
3755:Malaysia
3364:Autoweek
3306:cite web
3096:Archived
2914:11 March
2797:Jalopnik
2394:Hemmings
2281:2 August
2181:Parragon
2043:Archived
1381:See also
1346:Maserati
1267:scramjet
1179:in 1981.
1048:motorjet
1011:turbojet
987:pulsejet
976:turbojet
702:V engine
685:1888: A
655:Daimler
255:1794: A
144:scramjet
4344:Commons
4205:marques
4157:History
4089:Oceania
3988:Ukraine
3937:Romania
3903:Ireland
3898:Hungary
3886:Germany
3857:Croatia
3847:Belarus
3826:Vietnam
3674:Nigeria
3669:Morocco
3468:Autocar
3345:HotCars
3102:18 July
3075:18 July
2434:15 July
2346:. Bosch
1485:(1745)
1352:engine.
1350:Nettuno
1334:engine.
1290:BMW N63
1245:McLaren
1198:propfan
1125:system.
932:airfoil
4364:Portal
4073:Brazil
4033:Mexico
4021:Canada
3976:Sweden
3954:Serbia
3942:Russia
3925:Poland
3874:France
3840:Europe
3816:Turkey
3799:Taiwan
3782:Russia
3652:Africa
3520:3 June
3216:
3008:
2966:
2939:
2888:
2828:
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2635:
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1842:
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1670:
1531:Nature
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1344:2020:
1337:2017:
1312:2014:
1294:BMW X6
1288:2008:
1203:1989:
1182:1983:
1171:1981:
1076:ramjet
870:ramjet
824:1905:
810:sedan.
669:engine
623:engine
578:1870s
463:petrol
346:patent
140:ramjet
130:. The
3964:Spain
3908:Italy
3743:Japan
3721:India
3705:China
3664:Kenya
3659:Egypt
3122:Crash
2975:9 May
2611:Volvo
1479:See:
1256:alloy
1238:VVT-i
1184:Isuzu
619:1886
602:1885
548:1860
379:1853
344:, UK
295:SaĂ´ne
4354:List
4121:Data
3738:Iran
3693:Asia
3522:2024
3495:2023
3489:. US
3450:2023
3418:2023
3372:2023
3366:. US
3312:link
3279:2023
3245:2023
3239:. US
3214:ISSN
3156:2023
3130:2023
3104:2012
3077:2012
3017:2023
3006:ISSN
2977:2016
2964:ISBN
2937:ISBN
2916:2011
2886:ISSN
2862:2023
2837:2023
2826:ISSN
2771:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2696:ISSN
2669:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2564:ISBN
2545:2023
2518:2018
2487:2023
2462:2023
2436:2016
2402:2023
2396:. US
2352:2023
2330:2013
2283:2020
2270:ISBN
2243:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2134:2023
2106:ISBN
2085:2023
2072:ISBN
2051:2023
2021:2023
1996:2023
1967:ISBN
1947:2023
1934:ISBN
1914:2023
1889:2023
1840:ISBN
1797:2023
1766:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1722:2013
1668:ISBN
1645:2009
1619:2023
1449:ISBN
1429:2020
1307:GE9X
1215:XSim
1209:DOHC
1205:VTEC
1023:and
476:and
285:and
204:, a
103:and
49:and
3629:Car
3439:doi
3268:doi
3206:doi
2998:doi
2854:UPI
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