Thomas Hobbes - Knowledge

1081: 810:, a systematic doctrine of body, showing how physical phenomena were universally explicable in terms of motion, at least as motion or mechanical action was then understood. He then singled out Man from the realm of Nature and plants. Then, in another treatise, he showed what specific bodily motions were involved in the production of the peculiar phenomena of sensation, knowledge, affections and passions whereby Man came into relation with Man. Finally, he considered, in his crowning treatise, how Men were moved to enter into society, and argued how this must be regulated if people were not to fall back into "brutishness and misery". Thus he proposed to unite the separate phenomena of Body, Man, and the State. 1198: 1347:, to whom all individuals in that society cede some right for the sake of protection. Power exercised by this authority cannot be resisted, because the protector's sovereign power derives from individuals' surrendering their own sovereign power for protection. The individuals are thereby the authors of all decisions made by the sovereign, "he that complaineth of injury from his sovereign complaineth that whereof he himself is the author, and therefore ought not to accuse any man but himself, no nor himself of injury because to do injury to one's self is impossible". There is no doctrine of 62: 5044: 1479:". In this extended early modern sense of atheism, Hobbes did take positions that strongly disagreed with church teachings of his time. For example, he argued repeatedly that there are no incorporeal substances, and that all things, including human thoughts, and even God, heaven, and hell are corporeal, matter in motion. He argued that "though Scripture acknowledge spirits, yet doth it nowhere say, that they are incorporeal, meaning thereby without dimensions and quantity". (In this view, Hobbes claimed to be following 1281: 5083: 364: 9773: 10568: 8863: 10594: 10581: 8873: 1508:, which refused to recognise papal prerogatives. James I had invited both men to England in 1612. Micanzio and Sarpi had argued that God willed human nature, and that human nature indicated the autonomy of the state in temporal affairs. When he returned to England in 1615, William Cavendish maintained correspondence with Micanzio and Sarpi, and Hobbes translated the latter's letters from Italian, which were circulated among the Duke's circle. 730:, the first translation of that work into English directly from a Greek manuscript. Hobbes professed a deep admiration for Thucydides, praising him as "the most politic historiographer that ever writ," and one scholar has suggested that "Hobbes' reading of Thucydides confirmed, or perhaps crystallized, the broad outlines and many of the details of own thought." It has been argued that three of the discourses in the 1620 publication known as 4568: 5117: 8888: 678:), and began a lifelong connection with that family. William Cavendish was elevated to the peerage on his father's death in 1626, holding it for two years before his death in 1628. His son, also William, likewise became the 3rd Earl of Devonshire. Hobbes served as a tutor and secretary to both men. The 1st Earl's younger brother, Charles Cavendish, had two sons who were patrons of Hobbes. The elder son, 1381:, had met and debated with Hobbes and afterwards wrote down his views and sent them privately to be answered in this form by Hobbes. Hobbes duly replied, but not for publication. However, a French acquaintance took a copy of the reply and published it with "an extravagantly laudatory epistle". Bramhall countered in 1655, when he printed everything that had passed between them (under the title of 9761: 3925:: "And therefore there be some Rights, which no man can be understood by any words, or other signes, to have abandoned, or transferred. As first a man cannot lay down the right of resisting them, that assault him by force, to take away his life; because he cannot be understood to ayme thereby, at any Good to himselfe. The same may be sayd of Wounds, and Chayns, and Imprisonment". 1008:) composed of men, created under pressure of human needs and dissolved by civil strife due to human passions. The work closed with a general "Review and Conclusion", in response to the war, which answered the question: Does a subject have the right to change allegiance when a former sovereign's power to protect is irrevocably lost? 1444:, Hobbes and Wallis continued name-calling and bickering for nearly a quarter of a century, with Hobbes failing to admit his error to the end of his life. After years of debate, the spat over proving the squaring of the circle gained such notoriety that it has become one of the most infamous feuds in mathematical history. 1240:

the disposal of an absolute sovereign. From this follows the view that no individual can hold rights of property against the sovereign, and that the sovereign may therefore take the goods of its subjects without their consent. This particular view owes its significance to it being first developed in the 1630s when

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and made up of tiny human figures. The work had immediate impact. Soon, Hobbes was more lauded and decried than any other thinker of his time. The first effect of its publication was to sever his link with the exiled royalists, who might well have killed him. The secularist spirit of his book greatly

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Hobbes, influenced by contemporary scientific ideas, had intended for his political theory to be a quasi-geometrical system, in which the conclusions followed inevitably from the premises. The main practical conclusion of Hobbes's political theory is that state or society cannot be secure unless at

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The only consequence that came of the bill was that Hobbes could never thereafter publish anything in England on subjects relating to human conduct. The 1668 edition of his works was printed in Amsterdam because he could not obtain the censor's licence for its publication in England. Other writings

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introduced a bill against atheism and profaneness. That same year, on 17 October 1666, it was ordered that the committee to which the bill was referred "should be empowered to receive information touching such books as tend to atheism, blasphemy and profaneness... in particular... the book of Mr.

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In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving, and removing, such things as require much

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The religious opinions of Hobbes remain controversial as many positions have been attributed to him and range from atheism to orthodox Christianity. In the Elements of Law, Hobbes provided a cosmological argument for the existence of God, saying that God is "the first cause of all causes".

987: 1475:, or to people who believed in God but also maintained other beliefs that were considered to be inconsistent with such belief or judged incompatible with orthodox Christianity. He says that this "sort of discrepancy has led to many errors in determining who was an atheist in the 830:

was composed before the sitting of the Short Parliament, there are polemical pieces of the work that clearly mark the influences of the rising political crisis. Nevertheless, many (though not all) elements of Hobbes's political thought were unchanged between

1464:, that "atheism, impiety, and the like are words of the greatest defamation possible". Hobbes always defended himself from such accusations. In more recent times also, much has been made of his religious views by scholars such as Richard Tuck and 1115:, he acquired a new prominence; "Hobbism" became a byword for all that respectable society ought to denounce. The young king, Hobbes's former pupil, now Charles II, remembered Hobbes and called him to the court to grant him a pension of £100. 1351:

in Hobbes's discussion. He argues that any division of authority would lead to internal strife, jeopardizing the stability provided by an absolute sovereign. According to Hobbes, the sovereign must control civil, military, judicial and

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force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

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can never disagree with human reason and experience, although he also argued that people should accept revelation and its interpretations for the reason that they should accept the commands of their sovereign, in order to avoid war.

4416: 901:, which was printed as third among the sets of "Objections" appended, with "Replies" from Descartes, in 1641. A different set of remarks on other works by Descartes succeeded only in ending all correspondence between the two. 890:

succeeded the Short, Hobbes felt that he was in disfavour due to the circulation of his treatise and fled to Paris. He did not return for 11 years. In Paris, he rejoined the coterie around Mersenne and wrote a critique of the

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Authorship probable: While Schuhmann (1998) firmly rejects the attribution of this work to Hobbes, a preponderance of scholarship disagrees with Schuhmann's idiosyncratic assessment. Schuhmann disagrees with historian

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and legitimate governments and creating an objective science of morality. Much of the book is occupied with demonstrating the necessity of a strong central authority to avoid the evil of discord and civil war.

1015:, Hobbes remained in or near Paris. In 1647, he suffered a near-fatal illness that disabled him for six months. On recovering, he resumed his literary task and completed it by 1650. Meanwhile, a translation of 1392:, in which he replied "with astonishing force" to the bishop. As perhaps the first clear exposition of the psychological doctrine of determinism, Hobbes's own two pieces were important in the history of the 1495:

While in Venice on tour, Hobbes made the acquaintance of Fulgenzio Micanzio, a close associate of Paolo Sarpi, who had written against the pretensions of the papacy to temporal power in response to the

783:, the eldest son of his previous pupil. Over the next seven years, as well as tutoring, he expanded his own knowledge of philosophy, awakening in him curiosity over key philosophic debates. He visited 9802: 1319:). The description contains what has been called one of the best-known passages in English philosophy, which describes the natural state humankind would be in, were it not for political community: 3638: 1906:

An answer to a book published by Dr. Bramhall, late bishop of Derry; called the Catching of the leviathan. Together with an historical narration concerning heresie, and the punishment thereof

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estate. He had been a friend of the family since 1608 when he first tutored an earlier William Cavendish. After Hobbes's death, many of his manuscripts would be found at Chatsworth House.

3851: 910:, which was finished in November 1641. Although it was initially only circulated privately, it was well received, and included lines of argumentation that were repeated a decade later in 1127:." Hobbes was terrified at the prospect of being labelled a heretic, and proceeded to burn some of his compromising papers. At the same time, he examined the actual state of the law of 8724: 802:

Hobbes's first area of study was an interest in the physical doctrine of motion and physical momentum. Despite his interest in this phenomenon, he disdained experimental work as in

826:. It was not published and only circulated as a manuscript among his acquaintances. A pirated version, however, was published about ten years later. Although it seems that much of 1260:. It is perhaps also important to note that Hobbes extrapolated his mechanistic understanding of nature into the social and political realm, making him a progenitor of the term ' 818:

Hobbes came back home from Paris, in 1637, to a country riven with discontent, which disrupted him from the orderly execution of his philosophic plan. However, by the end of the

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by several contemporaries; Bramhall accused him of teachings that could lead to atheism. This was an important accusation, and Hobbes himself wrote, in his answer to Bramhall's

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Behemoth: the History of the Causes of the Civil Wars of England, and of the Counsels and Artifices By Which They Were Carried on From the Year 1640 to the Year 1660

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At university, Thomas Hobbes appears to have followed his own curriculum as he was little attracted by the scholastic learning. Leaving Oxford, Hobbes completed his

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Behemoth: the History of the Causes of the Civil Wars of England and of the Counsels and Artifices by which they were carried on from the year 1640 to the year 1662

4040: 5134: 566:, Hobbes later reported that "my mother gave birth to twins: myself and fear." Hobbes had a brother, Edmund, about two years older, as well as a sister, Anne. 1096:

consisted for the most part of an elaborate theory of vision. The remainder of the treatise dealt partially with some of the topics more fully treated in the

430:. His early life, overshadowed by his father's departure following a fight, was taken under the care of his wealthy uncle. Hobbes's academic journey began in 9809: 3236: 755:

into Latin, he did not extend his efforts into philosophy until after 1629. In June 1628, his employer Cavendish, then the Earl of Devonshire, died of the

10470: 442:, which connected him to intellectual circles and initiated his extensive travels across Europe. These experiences, including meetings with figures like 10807: 1311:. In that state, each person would have a right, or license, to everything in the world. This, Hobbes argues, would lead to a "war of all against all" ( 720:

His scholarly efforts at the time were aimed at a careful study of classical Greek and Latin authors, the outcome of which was, in 1628, his edition of

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The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance, clearly stated and debated between Dr Bramhall Bishop of Derry and Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury

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F. Marini Mersenni minimi Cogitata physico-mathematica. In quibus tam naturae quàm artis effectus admirandi certissimis demonstrationibus explicantur

1051:. It had a famous title-page engraving depicting a crowned giant above the waist towering above hills overlooking a landscape, holding a sword and a 1004:, which set forth his theory of civil government in relation to the political crisis resulting from the war. Hobbes compared the State to a monster ( 806:. He went on to conceive the system of thought to the elaboration of which he would devote his life. His scheme was first to work out, in a separate 4580: 7352: 5122: 4506:

Modern scholars are divided as to whether or not this translation was done by Hobbes. For a pro-Hobbes account see H. Warrender's introduction to

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cause began to decline in mid-1644, many royalists came to Paris and were known to Hobbes. This revitalised Hobbes's political interests, and the

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Although Thomas Hobbes's childhood is unknown to a large extent, as is his mother's name, it is known that Hobbes's father, Thomas Sr., was the

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understanding of human beings and their passions, Hobbes postulates what life would be like without government, a condition which he calls the

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Orozco-Echeverri, Sergio H. (2012). "On the Origin of Hobbes's Conception of Language: The Literary Culture of English Renaissance Humanism".

1064:. Hobbes appealed to the revolutionary English government for protection and fled back to London in winter 1651. After his submission to the 533:

and contentious debates with contemporaries, Hobbes's work profoundly influenced the understanding of political structure and human nature.

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had been put down, there remained no court of heresy at all to which he was amenable, and that nothing could be heresy except opposing the

1159:. For some time, Hobbes was not even allowed to respond, whatever his enemies tried. Despite this, his reputation abroad was formidable. 1092:

In 1658, Hobbes published the final section of his philosophical system, completing the scheme he had planned more than 19 years before.

760: 242: 4589: 3402: 10802: 10747: 10657: 10652: 8069: 6249: 5890: 5295: 2765: 8901: 3597: 2711:, translation by H. W. Jones, Bradford: Bradford University Press, 1976 (the appendixes of the Latin edition (1973) are not enclosed). 1244:

had sought to raise revenues without the consent of Parliament, and therefore of his subjects. Hobbes rejected one of the most famous

9553: 8169: 4281:, Cees Leijenhorst, Guilherme Rodrigues Neto, and Frank Horstmann vote for Thomas Hobbes. On arguments pro Payne see Timothy Raylor, 1163: 780: 667: 663: 705:

of Europe between 1610 and 1615. Hobbes was exposed to European scientific and critical methods during the tour, in contrast to the

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III.xxxii.2. "...we are not to renounce our Senses, and Experience; nor (that which is undoubted Word of God) our naturall Reason".

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His last words were said to have been "A great leap in the dark", uttered in his final conscious moments. His body was interred in

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The Leviathan (1651), The Two Treatises of Government (1689), The Social Contract (1762), The Constitution of Pennsylvania (1776)

10692: 10647: 6463: 914:. He then returned to hard work on the first two sections of his work and published little except a short treatise on optics ( 10677: 10642: 10500: 9390: 8174: 6451: 4867: 4803: 4468: 4314: 4220: 4120: 4034: 3968: 3777: 3729: 3530: 3437: 3396: 3350: 3315: 3218: 3103: 3031: 2959: 1913:

Three Papers Presented to the Royal Society Against Dr. Wallis. Together with Considerations on Dr. Wallis his Answer to them

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As Martinich has pointed out, in Hobbes's time the term "atheist" was often applied to people who believed in God but not in

434:, leading him to Oxford University, where he was exposed to classical literature and mathematics. He then graduated from the 5139: 3688: 10767: 10485: 7345: 9795: 9212: 8927: 8652: 8227: 7152: 7062: 5172: 5157: 2917: 1919:

Rosetum Geometricum, sive Propositiones Aliquot Frustra antehac tentatae. Cum Censura brevi Doctrinae Wallisianae de Motu

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Initially circulated only in handwritten copies; without Hobbes's permission, the first printed edition would be in 1650.

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The Art of Rhetoric Plainly Set Forth. With Pertinent Examples For the More Easy Understanding and Practice of the Same

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from 1642 to 1651 between Parliamentarians and Royalists, which heavily influenced his advocacy for governance by an

398: 4514:(Oxford, 1984). For the contra-Hobbes account see Noel Malcolm, "Charles Cotton, Translator of Hobbes's De Cive" in 4090: 10782: 10752: 10742: 10737: 10573: 10545: 10531: 8896: 8563: 7378: 7122: 5572: 4261: 3896: 2356: 1549: 776: 772: 726: 3146: 779:, mostly spent in Paris, until November 1630. Thereafter, he again found work with the Cavendish family, tutoring 10697: 9583: 8318: 8164: 7338: 6078: 5929: 2750: 1831:

Stigmai, or Marks of the Absurd Geometry, Rural Language, Scottish Church Politics, and Barbarisms of John Wallis

1468:, but there is still widespread disagreement about the exact significance of Hobbes's unusual views on religion. 893: 659: 145: 2158: 10812: 10254: 10134: 9753: 8920: 8682: 8144: 8009: 7279: 7132: 6018: 3682: 3006: 2922: 4846:

Taming the Leviathan: The Reception of the Political and Religious Ideas of Thomas Hobbes in England 1640–1700

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The Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 281: British Rhetoricians and Logicians, 1500–1660, Second Series

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First complete edition: 1963. For this dating, see the convincing arguments given by: Horstmann, Frank. 2006.

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Hobbes opposed the existing academic arrangements, and assailed the system of the original universities in

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The Mechanisation of Aristotelianism. The Late Aristotelian Setting of Thomas Hobbes' Natural Philosophy

3426: 2282:(Hobbes's translation of his own Latin summary of Aristotle's Rhetoric published in 1637 with the title 1678: 581:, Hobbes's biographer, and he "disesteemed learning." Thomas Sr. was involved in a fight with the local 8866: 8558: 8270: 8019: 7759: 7639: 7370: 5897: 5557: 5411: 5287: 5205: 4895: 4889: 4749: 4383: 4018: 2771: 1877:

Mr. Hobbes Considered in his Loyalty, Religion, Reputation, and Manners. By way of Letter to Dr. Wallis

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1626. "De Mirabilis Pecci, Being the Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire" (publ. 1636) – a poem on the

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After returning to England from France in 1637, Hobbes witnessed the destruction and brutality of the

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Chapter XIV. Of the First and Second Naturall Lawes, and of Contracts. (Not All Rights are Alienable)

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Molesworth published only the dedication to Cavendish and the conclusion in EW VII, pp. 467–471.

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His final works were an autobiography in Latin verse in 1672, and a translation of four books of the

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Principia et Problemata Aliquot Geometrica Antè Desperata, Nunc breviter Explicata & Demonstrata

1197: 10717: 10440: 10124: 10046: 9473: 9113: 9098: 9087: 9064: 8841: 8729: 8714: 8706: 8588: 8029: 7102: 3280: 1140: 1119: 1104:. In addition to publishing some controversial writings on mathematics, including disciplines like 1065: 618: 4297:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 80–145). On arguments pro Hobbes see Karl Schuhmann, 922:

in 1644. He built a good reputation in philosophic circles and in 1645 was chosen with Descartes,

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living, and the hope of being able to obtain them. So, in order to avoid it, people accede to a

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Reason of State, Propaganda, and the Thirty Years' War: An Unknown Translation by Thomas Hobbes

3592: 2951: 1986: 1429: 1428:, which contained not only tendentious views on mathematics but also an erroneous proof of the 1333: 1304: 872: 751: 644: 498: 464:, as the solution to human conflict and societal breakdown. Aside from social contract theory, 193: 38: 6276: 3889:"Chapter XIII.: Of the Natural Condition of Mankind As Concerning Their Felicity, and Misery." 3763: 2984: 871:

he argued that they were. This was perhaps a reflection either of Hobbes's thoughts about the

694:, Charles James, Duke of Cornwall. It was to this William Cavendish that Hobbes dedicated his 10722: 10412: 9516: 9511: 9463: 9431: 9421: 9380: 9160: 9037: 8943: 8830: 8819: 8323: 7895: 7875: 7810: 7694: 7476: 6563: 6518: 6329: 5924: 5317: 4738: 3719: 3551: 3386: 3204: 2730:, under the direction of Yves Charles Zarka, Paris: Vrin (5 volumes published of 17 planned). 1131:. The results of his investigation were first announced in three short Dialogues added as an 1112: 1045:. Also, the printing of the greater work proceeded, and finally appeared in mid-1651, titled 976: 706: 140: 6379: 1843:

Examinatio et emendatio mathematicae hodiernae qualis explicatur in libris Johannis Wallisii

795:, in 1636, and was later a regular debater in philosophic groups in Paris, held together by 10732: 10687: 10637: 10632: 9496: 9491: 9366: 9250: 9155: 9128: 9010: 8779: 8719: 8518: 8423: 8059: 7969: 7768: 7729: 7461: 7072: 6952: 6721: 6528: 6369: 6296: 5988: 5949: 5934: 5468: 5147: 4404: 3587: 1348: 1241: 855:

when it came to the necessity of consent in creating political obligation: Hobbes wrote in

610: 574: 420: 302: 6543: 4976: 2551:(pp. 461–513: Chatsworth MS A10 and the notes of Charles Cavendish on a draft of the 2439: 8: 10392: 10314: 9558: 9240: 9133: 9108: 9093: 9022: 8353: 8109: 8099: 7949: 7905: 7739: 7516: 7431: 7262: 7142: 7112: 7032: 6558: 6498: 5819: 5739: 3759: 1476: 1139:, published in Amsterdam in 1668. In this appendix, Hobbes aimed to show that, since the 935: 570: 262: 95: 67: 8578: 6306: 4212:

Three Discourses: A Critical Modern Edition of Newly Identified Work of the Young Hobbes

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Three Discourses: A Critical Modern Edition of Newly Identified Work of the Young Hobbes

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Three Discourses: A Critical Modern Edition of Newly Identified Work of the Young Hobbes

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Hobbes became a companion to the younger William Cavendish and they both took part in a

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Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil

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Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Common Wealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil

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Encyclopedia of Catholic Social Thought, Social Science, and Social Policy: Supplement

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1620. "A Discourse of Tacitus", "A Discourse of Rome", and "A Discourse of Laws." In

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A Defence of the True Liberty of Human Actions from Antecedent or Extrinsic Necessity

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was being produced; scholars disagree about whether it was Hobbes who translated it.

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Hobbes's Kingdom of Light: A Study of the Foundations of Modern Political Philosophy

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Considerations upon the Reputation, Loyalty, Manners, and Religion of Thomas Hobbes

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to become one of his most persistent opponents. From 1655, the publishing date of

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in which he personally financed an army for the king, having been governor to the

10324: 10219: 10194: 10109: 10031: 9910: 9900: 9880: 9860: 9726: 9686: 9608: 9563: 9400: 9305: 9290: 9265: 9079: 9059: 8836: 8692: 8632: 8622: 8523: 8488: 8483: 8343: 8328: 8255: 8134: 8049: 7805: 7784: 7734: 7714: 7654: 7621: 7576: 7571: 7531: 7416: 7299: 6972: 6891: 6851: 6821: 6806: 6771: 6766: 6736: 6711: 6696: 6671: 6656: 6591: 6568: 6553: 6538: 6523: 6394: 6349: 6334: 6324: 6146: 6141: 5998: 5993: 5973: 5961: 5332: 5325: 4959: 4901: 4838: 4783: 4767: 4443: 4371: 4240: 4210: 3769: 3715: 3672: 3561: 3336: 3310:(1. print ed.). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. xxvii, 7. 3268: 3177: 3001: 2945: 1586: 1465: 1308: 1061: 887: 784: 691: 469: 416: 334: 329: 287: 3837: 3826:

Malcolm, Noel (2003). "Hobbes's Science of Politics and His Theory of Science".

2755: 1826:, with the addition of Bramhall's reply and Hobbes's reply to Bramahall's reply. 1329: 1179:

into "rugged" English rhymes that in 1673 led to a complete translation of both

477: 10445: 10407: 10344: 10329: 10274: 10259: 10239: 10234: 10204: 10189: 10159: 10064: 10016: 10001: 9925: 9915: 9870: 9855: 9845: 9777: 9646: 9506: 9145: 9054: 8774: 8739: 8598: 8508: 8458: 8453: 8428: 8363: 8333: 8308: 7885: 7840: 7664: 7596: 7466: 7289: 7197: 7187: 6916: 6791: 6776: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6686: 6661: 6616: 6596: 6458: 6429: 6404: 6359: 6339: 6301: 6256: 6136: 6126: 5983: 5814: 5627: 5402: 5074: 4934: 4884: 4795: 4787: 4712: 3245: 2777: 2760: 1662: 1296: 876: 860: 796: 792: 756: 633:

and had some influence on Hobbes. Before going up to Oxford, Hobbes translated

563: 427: 8478: 7471: 4357: 4307:

Der Grauvließer. Robert Payne und Thomas Hobbes als Urheber des 'Short Tract'

2265:

A Dialogue Between a Philosopher & a Student of the Common Laws of England

1341: 10621: 10364: 10359: 10319: 10299: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10144: 10036: 10026: 10011: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9875: 9865: 9787: 9696: 9631: 9603: 9531: 9260: 9175: 8749: 8593: 8538: 8438: 8408: 8378: 8368: 8275: 8216: 8129: 7744: 7649: 7644: 7606: 7526: 7506: 7481: 7222: 7052: 6962: 6911: 6881: 6871: 6801: 6796: 6786: 6646: 6636: 6626: 6601: 6468: 6446: 6364: 6271: 6229: 6171: 5854: 5220: 5015: 4880: 4821: 4771: 4702: 4593:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 545–552. 4584: 4574: 4531:, text, French translation and commentary by Jean Bernhardt, Paris: PUF, 1988 4391: 4112: 4026: 4005: 3041: 2740: 2334: 1374: 1337: 1280: 1221: 983:

around July. This engagement lasted until 1648 when Charles went to Holland.

880: 844: 614: 559: 506: 121: 5424: 5216: 5201: 5153: 4495:

Thomas Hobbes' A Minute Or First Draught of the Optiques: A Critical Edition

3065: 2844: 2631:

Thomas Hobbes' A Minute or First Draught of the Optiques: A Critical Edition

1890:

A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England

918:), included in the collection of scientific tracts published by Mersenne as 10450: 10435: 10374: 10354: 10209: 10164: 10139: 10104: 10084: 9996: 9950: 9741: 9721: 9676: 9651: 9641: 9613: 9543: 9501: 9375: 9329: 9300: 9280: 8847: 8803: 8568: 8513: 8383: 8303: 8237: 7870: 7865: 7820: 7779: 7689: 7591: 7546: 7541: 7511: 7496: 7491: 7202: 6886: 6876: 6866: 6731: 6726: 6666: 6641: 6611: 6606: 6513: 6508: 6354: 6234: 5968: 5904: 5774: 5764: 5759: 5678: 5668: 5612: 5502: 5195: 4763: 4682: 4274: 3997: 2874: 2745: 2408: 2224:

An Answer to Bishop Bramhall's Book, called "The Catching of the Leviathan"

1519: 1144: 975:

In 1647, Hobbes took up a position as mathematical instructor to the young

960:

was republished and more widely distributed. The printing began in 1646 by

904:

Hobbes also extended his own works in a way, working on the third section,

639: 2827: 709:

that he had learned in Oxford. In Venice, Hobbes made the acquaintance of

363: 10334: 10309: 10099: 9731: 9716: 9701: 9681: 9598: 9526: 9343: 9333: 9320: 9285: 9235: 9165: 9118: 9005: 8995: 8769: 8764: 8543: 8473: 8448: 8443: 8373: 8348: 8265: 8114: 8079: 7999: 7825: 7616: 7556: 7441: 7426: 7330: 6901: 6896: 6831: 6826: 6676: 6548: 6503: 6493: 6286: 6281: 6219: 6156: 5939: 5914: 5839: 5799: 5769: 5744: 5724: 5703: 5683: 5663: 5653: 5622: 5487: 5229: 5224: 4951: 4409:"Images of Anarchy: The Rhetoric and Science in Hobbes's State of Nature" 4244: 4078: 3556: 3547: 3522: 3015: 2388: 1501: 1437: 1378: 1257: 1069: 714: 655: 648: 626: 578: 406: 277: 267: 257: 8912: 5177: 4965:

Strauss, Leo (1959). "On the Basis of Hobbes's Political Philosophy" in

4630:, Caen: Centre de Philosophie politique et juridique Université de Caen. 1562:

Authorship doubtful, as this work is attributed by important critics to

1328:

In such states, people fear death and lack both the things necessary to

1252:'s politics, namely that human beings are naturally suited to life in a 10460: 10402: 10294: 10154: 10119: 10114: 10079: 10041: 10006: 9618: 9347: 9338: 9325: 9069: 9032: 8876: 8573: 8533: 8528: 8119: 7910: 7754: 7709: 7586: 7561: 7486: 7421: 7284: 7092: 6992: 6841: 6761: 6533: 6424: 6266: 6209: 6186: 6151: 6100: 6090: 6058: 6003: 5829: 5809: 5734: 5698: 5602: 5587: 5512: 5437: 5371: 4832: 4692:

MacKay-Pritchard, Noah (2019). "Origins of the State of Nature", London

3888: 3799: 3138: 3049: 2361: 2164: 1795: 1544: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1424: 1256:

and do not fully realize their natures until they exercise the role of

1206: 746: 738: 721: 702: 551: 488: 282: 185: 125: 9772: 1980:

An Historical Narration concerning Heresie, And the Punishment thereof

1668:

Molesworth edition (OL V, pp. 215–248) title: "Tractatus Opticus"

1162:

Hobbes spent the last four or five years of his life with his patron,

10179: 10021: 9385: 8978: 8603: 8468: 8313: 8151: 7860: 7800: 7679: 7659: 7411: 7406: 7386: 6982: 6921: 6478: 6121: 6048: 6033: 5954: 5874: 5869: 5794: 5749: 5729: 5708: 5693: 5673: 5658: 5522: 5482: 4547: 4447: 3711: 3210: 2889:(Fall 2022 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2382: 2227:

An Historical Narration concerning Heresy, and the Punishment thereof

2055:

Thomae Hobbes Malmesburiensis Opera Philosophica quae Latina Scripsit

1751:"Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policie," ch. 14–19 of 1718: 1393: 1344: 1249: 1005: 969: 634: 555: 457: 99: 3023: 505:

Hobbes contributed to a diverse array of fields, including history,

10417: 9405: 9123: 8548: 8124: 7815: 7436: 7396: 7257: 6836: 6573: 6166: 6131: 6105: 6085: 6038: 5849: 5804: 5688: 5592: 5582: 5547: 5517: 5111: 5107: 1433: 1105: 1057: 951: 807: 788: 526: 518: 510: 314: 5168: 5128: 4813: 4573:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

2536:(July 1643; pp. 448–460: MS 5297, National Library of Wales). 601:

Hobbes was educated at Westport church from age four, went to the

9103: 8814: 8403: 7835: 7391: 7294: 7207: 6095: 6063: 6053: 5824: 5784: 5617: 5542: 5527: 5507: 5351: 4746:

The Two Gods of Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes on Religion and Politics

4673:

The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke

3234:

Malcolm, Noel (2004). "Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679), philosopher".

2947:

The History of Political Theory: Ancient Greece to Modern America

2179: 1941: 1625: 1457: 1175: 1052: 986: 956: 906: 803: 630: 530: 529:. Despite controversies and challenges, including accusations of 482: 443: 306: 169: 8185: 5236: 5142:

The Hardwick Library and Hobbes's Early Intellectual Development

3949:"1000 Makers of the Millennium", p. 42. Dorling Kindersley, 1999 3832:(Online ed.). Oxford Scholarship Online. pp. 147–155. 3057: 2912: 1955:

Decameron Physiologicum: Or, Ten Dialogues of Natural Philosophy

613:. Hobbes was a good pupil, and between 1601 and 1602 he went to 9170: 8796: 7980:

An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language

7915: 6043: 5844: 5632: 5607: 5597: 5567: 5552: 2724:, Oxford: Clarendon Press (10 volumes published of 27 planned). 1245: 1118:

The king was important in protecting Hobbes when, in 1666, the

1032:

De corpore politico, or the Elements of Law, Moral and Politick

980: 586: 582: 522: 514: 310: 2529:(pp. 439–447: a Latin poem on the movement of the Earth). 1992:

Written in 1668, it was unpublished at the request of the King

1870:

Seven Philosophical Problems, and Two Propositions of Geometry

972:

with a new preface and some new notes in reply to objections.

7401: 6073: 5562: 5497: 4956:

The Political Philosophy of Hobbes; Its Basis and Its Genesis

2532:

Notes in English on an ancient redaction of some chapters of

1935: 1930: 1253: 1181: 671: 590: 419:

theory. He is considered to be one of the founders of modern

30:"Hobbes" redirects here. For other people called Hobbes, see 4291:

Robert Payne, the Hobbes Manuscripts, and the 'Short Tract'

4264:. (Critical edition with commentary and French translation). 3498: 3496: 3494: 1396:

controversy. The bishop returned to the charge in 1658 with

609:

kept by a young man named Robert Latimer, a graduate of the

426:

Hobbes was born prematurely due to his mother's fear of the

10496:

Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences

9049: 8553: 6068: 5492: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 2321:

Proportion of a straight line to half the arc of a quadrant

2233:

Answer to Sir William Davenant's Preface before "Gondibert"

577:

and Westport. Hobbes's father was uneducated, according to

4625:

Thomas Hobbes: bibliographie internationale de 1620 à 1986

2715: 2327:ΣΤΙΓΜΑΙ, or Marks of the absurd Geometry etc. of Dr Wallis 1804:

Elements of Philosophy, The First Section, Concerning Body

1771:

Philosophicall Rudiments concerning Government and Society

998:

The company of the exiled royalists led Hobbes to produce

384: 5637: 5532: 5211: 4927:

From Humanism to Hobbes: Studies in Rhetoric and Politics

4299:

Le 'Short Tract', première oeuvre philosophique de Hobbes

2635:

University of Wisconsin-Madison: 1983 - PhD dissertation

2324:

Six lessons to the Savilian Professors of the Mathematics

1646:

1644. Part of the "Praefatio to Mersenni Ballistica." In

1618:

Objectiones ad Cartesii Meditationes de Prima Philosophia

1043:

Philosophical Rudiments concerning Government and Society

4058: 3612: 3568: 3471: 3446: 3359: 3112: 2409:

Posthumous works not included in the Molesworth editions

1925:

Lux Mathematica. Excussa Collisionibus Johannis Wallisii

1108:, Hobbes also continued to produce philosophical works. 4913:

Visions of Politics. Vol. III: Hobbes and Civil Science

4853:

Made with Words. Hobbes on Language, Mind, and Politics

4283:

Hobbes, Payne, and 'A Short Tract on First Principles'

4119:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2021. 2851:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2021. 546:

Thomas Hobbes was born on 5 April 1588 (Old Style), in

4649:

Squaring the Circle. The War Between Hobbes and Wallis

3935:

Gaskin. "Of the Rights of Sovereigns by Institution".

3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 1820:

The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance

1390:

The Questions Concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance

1155:

were not made public until after his death, including

1026:

was published. It was divided into two small volumes:

5129:

Contains Leviathan, lightly edited for easier reading

3757: 3266: 2122:

Various concerning mathematics, geometry and physics

1961:

Thomae Hobbessii Malmesburiensis Vita. Authore seipso

1340:. According to Hobbes, society is a population and a 1220:, from which he died on 4 December 1679, aged 91, at 737:

Although he did associate with literary figures like

525:, as well as philosophy in general, marking him as a 415:, in which he expounds an influential formulation of 399: 390: 4273:

Timothy Raylor, Franco Giudice, Stephen Clucas, and

3428:

Thomas Hobbes: Political Ideas in Historical Context

3096:

Thomas Hobbes: Political Ideas in Historical Context

2802:

The Causation Debate in Modern Philosophy, 1637–1739

1726:

Human Nature: or The fundamental Elements of Policie

1659:

Universae geometriae mixtaeque mathematicae synopsis

1028:

Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policie

734:

also represent the work of Hobbes from this period.

387: 4512:

The Clarendon Edition of the Works of Thomas Hobbes

4497:, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Ph.D., 1983. 4394:. (Skinner affirms Schuhmann's view: p. 4, fn. 27.) 3072: 3002:"Thomas Hobbes: Radical in the Service of Reaction" 2849:

Thomas Hobbes (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

2481:1639, British Library, Harley MS 6796, ff. 193–266 2212:

Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policy

1295:, Hobbes set out his doctrine of the foundation of 381: 10491:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 4579:Robertson, George Croom; Anonymous texts (1911). " 3709: 3666: 3664: 3425: 2666:Edition of the unpublished manuscript Harley 6093 2292:(this work is not of Hobbes but by Dudley Fenner, 2035:Historia Ecclesiastica Carmine Elegiaco Concinnata 686:, was a leading supporter of Charles I during the 4762: 2696: 1837:Elementorum Philosophiae Sectio Secunda De Homine 1068:, he was allowed to subside into private life in 405:; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679) was an English 10619: 4480:A critical analysis of Thomas White (1593–1676) 2913:"Hobbes, Thomas: Moral and Political Philosophy" 2813: 2461:Attributed by important critics to Robert Payne 2140:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury 1717:Answer to Sir William Davenant's Preface before 1528:The Horae Subsecivae: Observation and Discourses 1432:. This all led mathematicians to target him for 822:in 1640, he had written a short treatise called 5135:Clarendon Edition of the Works of Thomas Hobbes 4906:Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes 4328:The Rhetorics of Thomas Hobbes and Bernard Lamy 3677:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 80. 3661: 2722:Clarendon Edition of the Works of Thomas Hobbes 1653:1644. "Opticae, liber septimus" (also known as 941: 771:Hobbes soon (in 1629) found work as a tutor to 9817: 5125:English translations by George Mac Donald Ross 4642:Thomas Hobbes' Mechanical Conception of Nature 1626:Elementorum Philosophiae Sectio Tertia de Cive 1400:, and also included a bulky appendix entitled 1373:, directed at Hobbes, was published by Bishop 926:and others to referee the controversy between 9803: 8928: 8201: 7346: 5453: 5429: 5252: 4999:La palabra y la espada: a vueltas con Hobbes 4461:Nachträge zu Betrachtungen über Hobbes' Optik 4346:British Journal for the History of Philosophy 3996: 3233: 2999: 2885:, in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), 2873: 2751:Natural and legal rights § Thomas Hobbes 1884:De Principis & Ratiocinatione Geometrarum 875:or of his reaction to treatises published by 732:Horae Subsecivae: Observations and Discourses 5959: 4663:Historical Dictionary of Hobbes's Philosophy 4613:, London: The Bibliographical Society, 1952. 4344:Schuhmann, Karl (1998). "Skinner's Hobbes". 4011:Hobbes and Bramhall on Liberty and Necessity 3240:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2236:Letter to the Right Honourable Edward Howard 863:kingdoms were not necessarily formed by the 839:, which demonstrates that the events of the 480:. His other major works include the trilogy 5895: 5049: 5022:, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. 4941:, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 4305:, 8, 1995, pp. 3-36.) and Frank Horstmann, 3724:. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 20. 3423: 3093: 3000:Jacobson, Norman; Rogow, Arnold A. (1986). 2215:De Corpore Politico, or the Elements of Law 1814:Six Lessons to the Professor of Mathematics 1312: 1229:St John the Baptist's Church, Ault Hucknall 1203:St John the Baptist's Church, Ault Hucknall 339: 9810: 9796: 8935: 8921: 8208: 8194: 8070:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language 7360: 7353: 7339: 5460: 5446: 5259: 5245: 5180:at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5165:at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5058:; Manson, Edward William Donoghue (eds.). 5042: 2703:De Corpore, Part I. Computatio Sive Logica 2144:Reprint: London, 1939–; Aalen, 1966 (= EW) 1696:Published without the permission of Hobbes 1398:Castigations of Mr Hobbes's Animadversions 60: 9591: 9554:Relationship between religion and science 8942: 4578: 4403: 4343: 4289:, 44, 2001, pp. 29–58) and Noel Malcolm, 4165: 4150: 4064: 3625: 3574: 3514: 3502: 3465: 3391:. Houghton, Mifflin Company. p. 44. 3372: 3305: 3125: 2883:"Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy" 2609:A Discourse upon the Beginning of Tacitus 2527:De Motibus Solis, Aetheris & Telluris 2494:Rivista critica di storia della filosofia 2340:Considerations on the answer of Dr Wallis 2050:Editions compiled by William Molesworth. 1675:A Minute or First Draught of the Optiques 1589:, who would come to agree with Schuhmann. 1402:The Catching of Leviathan the Great Whale 1164:William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire 813: 781:William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire 585:outside his church, forcing him to leave 409:. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book 8725:Fundamental theory of Catholic canon law 5467: 5184:A Brief Life of Thomas Hobbes, 1588–1679 5006:The Elements of Representation in Hobbes 4994:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4929:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4922:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4908:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4858:Robinson, Dave and Groves, Judy (2003). 4855:, Princeton: Princeton University Press. 4759:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4709:, Princeton: Princeton University Press. 4609:MacDonald, Hugh & Hargreaves, Mary. 3758:Coulter, Michael L.; Myers, Richard S.; 2431:The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic 2024:Some Principles and Problems in Geometry 1743:The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic 1736:Published without Hobbes's authorisation 1732:The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic 1279: 1196: 1079: 1024:The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic 985: 824:The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic 593:manufacturer with no family of his own. 7043:Reflections on the Revolution in France 5163:Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy 5062:. London: John Murray. pp. 195–219 4915:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 4651:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 4334:. (Provides a new edition of the work). 4117:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3939:. Oxford University Press. p. 117. 3877:. Oxford University Press. p. xxx. 3825: 3670: 3384: 3237:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2943: 2887:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2766:Hobbes's moral and political philosophy 2728:Traduction des œuvres latines de Hobbes 2716:New critical editions of Hobbes's works 2602:Noel B. Reynolds and Arlene Saxonhouse 2520:Jean Jacquot and Harold Whitmore Jones 1849:Dialogus physicus, sive De natura aeris 847:methodology. However, the arguments in 766: 629:. The principal, John Wilkinson, was a 446:, shaped his intellectual development. 14: 10808:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge 10620: 5178:Hobbes: Moral and Political Philosophy 5103:– via Online Library of Liberty. 4204: 4093:from the original on 19 September 2020 3795:"Thomas Hobbes - Political Philosophy" 3792: 3557:Brief Lives: Chiefly of Contemporaries 3546: 3330: 3167: 2974: 2513:Critique du 'De mundo' de Thomas White 2045: 1824:Of Libertie and Necessitie, a Treatise 1789:Of Libertie and Necessitie, a Treatise 1543:, translation with an Introduction of 1517:1602. Latin translation of Euripides' 496:(1658) as well as the posthumous work 10501:New England Complex Systems Institute 9791: 8916: 8189: 7334: 5441: 5428: 5240: 4707:An Intellectual History of Liberalism 4644:, Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard. 4419:from the original on 27 February 2021 3958: 3649:from the original on 25 February 2021 2839: 2837: 2563:Of the Life and History of Thucydides 2364:, translated into English by Hobbes. 2330:Extract of a letter from Henry Stubbe 2091:Elementorum Philosophiae II and III: 1638:First edition (1973) with the title: 791:while he was under house arrest upon 10486:Human Behavior and Evolution Society 5050:Montmorency, James E. G. de (1913). 4992:Philosophy and Government, 1572–1651 4699:, New York: Oxford University Press. 4689:, New York: Oxford University Press. 4603: 4123:from the original on 17 January 2013 4076: 3899:from the original on 4 December 2020 3875:Human Nature and De Corpore Politico 3287:from the original on 22 October 2019 3277:School of Mathematics and Statistics 3202: 2910: 2442:, with a preface and critical notes 2392:, translated by Hobbes into English 2142:, 11 vols. 1839–1845. London: Bohn. 2040: 1730:Includes first thirteen chapters of 1607:Elements of Law, Natural and Politic 1541:Eight Books of the Peloponnese Warre 717:, a Venetian scholar and statesman. 562:when his mother heard of the coming 8887: 8653:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 7153:The End of History and the Last Man 7063:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 5173:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5158:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4634: 4529:Court traité des premiers principes 4258:Court traité des premiers principes 4170:. Cambridge: Blackwell. p. 31. 4155:. Cambridge: Blackwell. p. 35. 4046:from the original on 13 August 2017 3793:Hobbes, Thomas (10 November 2021). 3588:"House of Commons Journal Volume 8" 2918:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2672:The Correspondence of Thomas Hobbes 2555:: British Library, Harley MS 6083). 2449:"Short Tract on First Principles." 2057:, 5 vols. 1839–1845. London: Bohn. 1972: 1806:– anonymous English translation of 1707:Second expanded edition with a new 1234: 468:also popularized ideas such as the 41:. For those of a similar name, see 24: 10481:Center for Evolutionary Psychology 5190:A short biography of Thomas Hobbes 4780:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 4598: 4332:Southern Illinois University Press 3934: 3872: 3854:from the original on 17 April 2021 3600:from the original on 18 March 2006 3405:from the original on 22 April 2024 3184:from the original on 27 April 2019 2989:. Vol. I. London. p. 86. 2893:from the original on 10 March 2023 2834: 2168:translated from Latin to English. 1447: 1212:In October 1679 Hobbes suffered a 438:in 1608. He became a tutor to the 25: 10824: 10803:Theorists on Western civilization 10748:British philosophers of education 10658:17th-century English philosophers 10653:17th-century English male writers 9574:Sociology of scientific knowledge 9569:Sociology of scientific ignorance 9522:History and philosophy of science 8215: 5266: 5040:National Portrait Gallery, London 5029: 4237:A Short Tract on First Principles 3691:from the original on 8 April 2023 3149:from the original on 4 March 2021 2925:from the original on 6 April 2019 2855:from the original on 29 July 2018 2653:Rivista di storia della filosofia 2294:The Artes of Logike and Rethorike 2284:A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique 1748:Repackaged to include two parts: 1573:A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique 1557:A Short Tract on First Principles 1224:, owned by the Cavendish family. 1084:Thomas Hobbes. Line engraving by 10592: 10579: 10567: 10566: 10546:Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 10532:The Evolution of Human Sexuality 9771: 9759: 8886: 8871: 8862: 8861: 7123:The Open Society and Its Enemies 5115: 4860:Introducing Political Philosophy 4618:Thomas Hobbes: A Reference Guide 4566: 4209:; Saxonhouse, Arlene W. (eds.). 3807:from the original on 8 July 2015 3335:; Saxonhouse, Arlene W. (eds.). 3306:Schlatter, Richard, ed. (1975). 3139:"Philosophy at Hertford College" 2709:Thomas White's De mundo Examined 2641:British Library, Harley MS 3360 2357:History of the Peloponnesian War 1987:Behemoth, or The Long Parliament 1640:Thomas White's De Mundo Examined 1550:History of the Peloponnesian War 1364: 777:Sir Gervase Clifton, 1st Baronet 727:History of the Peloponnesian War 377: 362: 10673:British critics of Christianity 10663:Alumni of Magdalen Hall, Oxford 5930:Family as a model for the state 5084:Works by or about Thomas Hobbes 4944:Stomp, Gabriella (ed.) (2008). 4873:Ross, George MacDonald (2009). 4521: 4500: 4487: 4474: 4453: 4432: 4397: 4365: 4337: 4320: 4267: 4250: 4229: 4215:. University of Chicago Press. 4198: 4186: 4174: 4159: 4144: 4141:p. 282 of Molesworth's edition. 4135: 4105: 4070: 3990: 3977: 3952: 3943: 3928: 3911: 3881: 3866: 3819: 3786: 3751: 3738: 3721:The Bedside Book of Final Words 3703: 3631: 3580: 3540: 3508: 3417: 3378: 3324: 3299: 3260: 3227: 3206:Thomas Hobbes: Politics and law 3196: 3161: 3131: 3098:. MacMillan. pp. 256–324. 2333:Three letters presented to the 1966:Translated into English in 1680 1388:In 1656, Hobbes was ready with 894:Meditations on First Philosophy 27:English philosopher (1588–1679) 10708:English political philosophers 10683:Critics of the Catholic Church 8963:Analytic–synthetic distinction 8683:Natural Law and Natural Rights 8010:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 7280:Separation of church and state 7178:Collectivism and individualism 7133:The Origins of Totalitarianism 5296:Moral and political philosophy 4620:, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co. 4548:"Hinduism" to "Home, Earls of" 3959:Peter, Kanzler (31 May 2020). 2993: 2968: 2944:Sheldon, Garrett Ward (2003). 2937: 2904: 2867: 2807: 2794: 2697:Translations in modern English 2674:(I: 1622–1659; II: 1660–1679) 1407: 1137:Latin translation of Leviathan 1041:was published under the title 1022:In 1650, a pirated edition of 1011:During the years of composing 759:, and his widow, the countess 564:invasion of the Spanish Armada 13: 1: 10693:English expatriates in France 10648:17th-century writers in Latin 10539:Evolution, Mind and Behaviour 7891:Principle of compositionality 7320:Category:Political philosophy 7193:Critique of political economy 5070:– via Internet Archive. 5004:Vieira, Monica Brito (2009). 4967:What Is Political Philosophy? 4920:Hobbes and Republican Liberty 4611:Thomas Hobbes, a Bibliography 3963:. Peter Kanzler. p. 44. 3432:. MacMillan. pp. 11–12. 2783: 2208:TRIPOS; in Three Discourses: 2013:A Garden of Geometrical Roses 1929:1673. English translation of 1703:Elementa Philosophica de Cive 1359: 1075: 979:, who had come to Paris from 749:, translating several of his 541: 71: 10678:British critics of religions 10643:17th-century English writers 10525:Evolution and Human Behavior 8040:Philosophical Investigations 7218:Institutional discrimination 7213:History of political thought 5945:Negative and positive rights 5020:Hobbes and the Law of Nature 4768:"Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1676)" 4647:Jesseph, Douglas M. (1999). 4616:Hinnant, Charles H. (1980). 4508:De Cive: The English Edition 4326:Harwood, John T., ed. 1986. 4087:The Engines of Our Ingenuity 3254:UK public library membership 2816:Revista de Estudios Sociales 2788: 2315:Seven Philosophical Problems 2270:A Dialogue of the Common Law 2078:Elementorum Philosophiae I: 2002:Seven Philosophical Problems 1861:Seven Philosophical Problems 1859:English translation titled: 1267: 1037:In 1651, the translation of 950:began in 1642, and when the 942:Civil War Period (1642–1651) 920:Cogitata physico-mathematica 660:St John's College, Cambridge 596: 558:, England. Having been born 536: 146:St John's College, Cambridge 37:For the Dean of Exeter, see 7: 10768:Philosophers of mathematics 10600:Evolutionary biology portal 9296:Hypothetico-deductive model 9271:Deductive-nomological model 9256:Constructivist epistemology 8760:Libertarian theories of law 7881:Modality (natural language) 7228:Justification for the state 7013:Two Treatises of Government 5114:(public domain audiobooks) 4834:Hobbes on Civil Association 4766:; Trenchard, David (2008). 3838:10.1093/0199247145.001.0001 3639:"Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)" 3343:University of Chicago Press 2734: 2523:Includes three appendixes: 2059:Reprint: Aalen, 1966 (= OL) 1995:First pirated edition: 1679 1487:, he also stated that true 10: 10829: 9819:Evolutionary psychologists 8271:International legal theory 8020:Language, Truth, and Logic 7760:Theological noncognitivism 7645:Contrast theory of meaning 7640:Causal theory of reference 7371:Index of language articles 5898:Bellum omnium contra omnes 5412:Leviathan and the Air-Pump 5288:Bellum omnium contra omnes 5140:Richard A. Talaska (ed.), 5060:Great Jurists of the World 5036:Portraits of Thomas Hobbes 4896:Princeton University Press 4890:Leviathan and the Air-Pump 4796:10.4135/9781412965811.n137 4776:Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679) 4750:Cambridge University Press 4733:Martinich, A. P. (1997). 4715:(2003) "Thomas Hobbes" in 4665:, Lanham: Scarecrow Press. 4654:Leijenhorst, Cees (2002). 4537: 4413:Cambridge University Press 4384:Cambridge University Press 4019:Cambridge University Press 3424:Sommerville, J.P. (1992). 3094:Sommerville, J.P. (1992). 2772:Leviathan and the Air-Pump 1577:Molesworth edition title: 1411: 1369:In 1654 a small treatise, 1315:bellum omnium contra omnes 1273: 886:When in November 1640 the 521:, classical translations, 342:Bellum omnium contra omnes 36: 29: 10562: 10509: 10469: 10427:Literary theorists / 10426: 10383: 10055: 9964: 9836: 9825: 9750: 9582: 9484: 9414: 9357:Semantic view of theories 9276:Epistemological anarchism 9228: 9213:dependent and independent 8950: 8857: 8788: 8705: 8612: 8294: 8236: 8223: 8160: 8105:Philosophy of information 8092: 7941: 7793: 7705:Mediated reference theory 7630: 7377: 7368: 7315: 7165: 6934: 6582: 6315: 6195: 6114: 6026: 6017: 5883: 5717: 5646: 5475: 5435: 5430:Links to related articles 5393: 5342: 5303:Hobbes–Wallis controversy 5274: 4925:Skinner, Quentin (2018). 4918:Skinner, Quentin (2008). 4911:Skinner, Quentin (2002). 4755:Martinich, A. P. (1999). 4744:Martinich, A. P. (1992). 4726:Martinich, A. P. (1995). 4640:Brandt, Frithiof (1928). 4493:Elaine Condouris Stroud, 4358:10.1080/09608789808570984 4166:Martinich, A. P. (1995). 4151:Martinich, A. P. (1995). 3515:Vardanyan, Vilen (2011). 3203:King, Preston T. (1993). 2804:, Routledge, 2014, p. 69. 2756:Natural law § Hobbes 2438: 2435: 2354: 2280:The Whole Art of Rhetoric 1773:– English translation of 1629:(Latin, 1st limited ed.). 1579:The Whole Art of Rhetoric 1535:Seven Wonders of the Peak 1462:The Catching of Leviathan 1414:Hobbes–Wallis controversy 1201:Tomb of Thomas Hobbes in 883:, between 1640 and 1651. 843:had little effect on his 361: 356: 352: 320: 296: 228: 218: 208: 204: 159: 133: 110: 81: 59: 52: 10778:Philosophers of religion 10758:Philosophers of language 9099:Intertheoretic reduction 9088:Ignoramus et ignorabimus 9065:Functional contextualism 8842:Rational-legal authority 8730:German historical school 8715:Analytical jurisprudence 8030:Two Dogmas of Empiricism 7103:The Revolt of the Masses 4661:Lemetti, Juhana (2011). 4392:10.1017/CBO9780511613784 4376:Hobbes and Civil Science 4027:10.1017/CBO9780511495830 3873:Gaskin. "Introduction". 3560:. Vol. II. Oxford: 3281:University of St Andrews 2746:Conatus § In Hobbes 2343:Letters and other pieces 2218:Of Liberty and Necessity 2026:(English translation of 2015:(English translation of 2004:(English translation of 1872:– published posthumously 1691:Of Liberty and Necessity 1634:De Motu, Loco et Tempore 1620:3rd series of Objections 1600:Latin Optical Manuscript 1511: 1422:. He went on to publish 1371:Of Liberty and Necessity 1356:powers, even the words. 1192: 1147:, which, he maintained, 1141:High Court of Commission 977:Charles, Prince of Wales 619:Hertford College, Oxford 474:"war of all against all" 10783:Philosophers of science 10753:Philosophers of history 10743:Philosophers of culture 10738:Writers from Malmesbury 10574:Evolutionary psychology 10553:Evolutionary Psychology 9931:Mary Jane West-Eberhard 9829:Evolutionary psychology 9584:Philosophers of science 9362:Scientific essentialism 9311:Model-dependent realism 9246:Constructive empiricism 9139:Evidence-based practice 8810:Judicial interpretation 7831:Use–mention distinction 7675:Direct reference theory 7083:The Communist Manifesto 6009:Tyranny of the majority 5920:Consent of the governed 4981:Hobbes. Leben und Lehre 4851:Pettit, Philip (2008). 4730:, Cambridge: Blackwell. 4677:Oxford University Press 4623:Garcia, Alfred (1986). 4590:Encyclopædia Britannica 4309:(Berlin: epubli, 2020, 4277:vote for Robert Payne. 4256:Bernhardt, Jean. 1988. 4205:Hobbes, Thomas (1995). 3331:Hobbes, Thomas (1995). 3168:Helden, Al Van (1995). 2975:Hobbes, Thomas (1679). 2318:Decameron Physiologicum 2028:Principia et Problemata 1879:– English autobiography 1758:"De Corpore Politico", 1276:Leviathan (Hobbes book) 865:consent of the governed 674:of Hardwick (and later 436:University of Cambridge 213:17th-century philosophy 32:Hobbes (disambiguation) 10698:English mathematicians 10170:Aurelio José Figueredo 9667:Alfred North Whitehead 9657:Charles Sanders Peirce 8897:WikiProject Philosophy 8251:Critical legal studies 7765:Theory of descriptions 7700:Linguistic determinism 7362:Philosophy of language 5960: 5910:Clash of civilizations 5896: 5131:, earlymoderntexts.com 5108:Works by Thomas Hobbes 5075:Works by Thomas Hobbes 4990:Tuck, Richard (1993). 4695:Malcolm, Noel (2007). 4438:Hobbes, Thomas. 1639. 4287:The Historical Journal 4235:Hobbes, Thomas. 1630. 3985:La palabra y la espada 3671:Malcolm, Noel (2003). 3593:British History Online 3518:Panorama of Psychology 3246:10.1093/ref:odnb/13400 2800:Kenneth Clatterbaugh, 2663:Anna Minerbi Belgrado 1963:– Latin autobiography 1456:Hobbes was accused of 1430:squaring of the circle 1326: 1313: 1288: 1209: 1089: 995: 873:engagement controversy 814:In England (1637–1641) 741:and briefly worked as 621:, where he was taught 340: 39:Thomas Hobbes (priest) 10813:Natural law ethicists 10413:Dominic D. P. Johnson 10047:Pierre van den Berghe 9766:Philosophy portal 9517:Hard and soft science 9512:Faith and rationality 9381:Scientific skepticism 9161:Scientific Revolution 8944:Philosophy of science 8820:Law without the state 7876:Mental representation 7811:Linguistic relativity 7695:Inquisitive semantics 5925:Divine right of kings 5318:Scientia potentia est 5198:, Philosophypages.com 4997:Vélez, Fabio (2014). 4948:, Aldershot: Ashgate. 4844:Parkin, Jon, (2007), 4782:. Thousand Oaks, CA: 4482:De mundo dialogi tres 4463:. Berlin: Mackensen. 4405:Evrigenis, Ioannis D. 4077:Boyd, Andrew (2008). 2986:Vita carmine expressa 2828:10.7440/res44.2012.10 2132:Various short works. 1709:Preface to the Reader 1657:written in 1640). In 1412:Further information: 1377:. Bramhall, a strong 1321: 1283: 1200: 1083: 989: 707:scholastic philosophy 617:, the predecessor to 141:Magdalen Hall, Oxford 10773:Philosophers of mind 10058:cognitive scientists 10056:Psychologists / 9492:Criticism of science 9367:Scientific formalism 9251:Constructive realism 9156:Scientific pluralism 9129:Problem of induction 8780:Virtue jurisprudence 8720:Deontological ethics 8060:Naming and Necessity 7970:De Arte Combinatoria 7769:Definite description 7730:Semantic externalism 7073:Democracy in America 6452:political philosophy 6435:political philosophy 6250:political philosophy 6079:political philosophy 5989:Separation of powers 5950:Night-watchman state 5935:Monopoly on violence 5469:Political philosophy 4877:, London: Continuum. 4875:Starting with Hobbes 4790:. pp. 226–227. 4440:Tractatus opticus II 3895:. 4 September 2022. 3760:Varacalli, Joseph A. 3718:(25 November 2014). 3388:The Cavendish family 3385:Bickley, F. (1914). 3007:Political Psychology 2651:pp. 729–738 in 2575:New Brunswick: 1975 2492:Pp. 147–228 in 2487:Tractatus opticus II 2472:pp. 211–226 in 2467:Tractatus opticus II 2452:Pp. 193–210 in 2300:The Art of Sophistry 2006:Problematica Physica 1855:Problematica Physica 1596:Tractatus opticus II 1349:separation of powers 934:over the problem of 767:In Paris (1629–1637) 763:, dismissed Hobbes. 658:by incorporation at 611:University of Oxford 421:political philosophy 303:Political philosophy 10798:Social philosophers 10763:Philosophers of law 10713:English theologians 10393:Christopher Badcock 10315:Todd K. Shackelford 9559:Rhetoric of science 9497:Descriptive science 9241:Confirmation holism 9134:Scientific evidence 9094:Inductive reasoning 9023:Demarcation problem 8110:Philosophical logic 8100:Analytic philosophy 7906:Sense and reference 7785:Verification theory 7740:Situation semantics 7263:Right-wing politics 7143:A Theory of Justice 7113:The Road to Serfdom 7033:The Social Contract 5740:Christian democracy 5169:Hobbes: Methodology 4757:Hobbes: A Biography 4728:A Hobbes Dictionary 4723:, pp. 130–144. 4380:Visions of Politics 4168:A Hobbes Dictionary 4153:A Hobbes Dictionary 4079:"Hobbes and Wallis" 3308:Hobbes's Thucydides 3174:The Galileo Project 2981:Molesworth, William 2911:Williams, Garrath. 2623:, pp. 105–119. 2615:A Discourse of Rome 2593:Hobbes's Thucydides 2569:Hobbes's Thucydides 2507:Omits the diagrams 2489:(1st complete ed.) 2433:(1st complete ed.) 2146: 2061: 2046:Molesworth editions 2017:Rosetum Geometricum 1901:– Latin translation 1655:Tractatus opticus I 1477:early modern period 936:squaring the circle 857:The Elements of Law 853:The Elements of Law 851:were modified from 833:The Elements of Law 828:The Elements of Law 263:English Renaissance 68:John Michael Wright 10793:Rhetoric theorists 10788:Political realists 10703:English physicists 10250:Michael T. McGuire 10230:Douglas T. Kenrick 10215:Judith Rich Harris 10130:Donald T. Campbell 10090:David F. Bjorklund 9946:David Sloan Wilson 9941:George C. Williams 9906:Giacomo Rizzolatti 9778:Science portal 9707:Carl Gustav Hempel 9662:Wilhelm Windelband 9549:Questionable cause 9372:Scientific realism 9193:Underdetermination 9028:Empirical evidence 9018:Creative synthesis 8673:The Concept of Law 8663:Pure Theory of Law 7960:Port-Royal Grammar 7856:Family resemblance 7775:Theory of language 7750:Supposition theory 7275:Political violence 7270:Political theology 7253:Left-wing politics 7248:Political spectrum 5192:, atheisme.free.fr 4977:Tönnies, Ferdinand 4829:Oakeshott, Michael 4739:St. Martin's Press 4527:critical edition: 4450:6796, ff. 193–266. 4247:6796, ff. 297–308. 4002:Clarke, Desmond M. 2621:A Discourse of Law 2617:, pp. 71–102. 2591:pp. 10–27 in 2578:Richard Schlatter 2567:pp. 10–27 in 2469:(1st partial ed.) 2138: 2053: 1289: 1210: 1166:, at the family's 1123:Hobbes called the 1090: 996: 990:Frontispiece from 962:Samuel de Sorbiere 924:Gilles de Roberval 713:, an associate of 711:Fulgenzio Micanzio 676:Earl of Devonshire 253:Descriptive egoism 238:British empiricism 223:Western philosophy 10615: 10614: 10609: 10608: 10587:Psychology portal 10471:Research centers/ 10386:social scientists 10350:Michael Tomasello 10270:Randolph M. Nesse 10075:Justin L. Barrett 10070:Simon Baron-Cohen 9977:Christopher Boehm 9785: 9784: 9627: 9626: 9539:Normative science 9396:Uniformitarianism 9151:Scientific method 9045:Explanatory power 8910: 8909: 8882:Philosophy portal 8643:The Spirit of Law 8281:Philosophy of law 8261:Economic analysis 8246:Constitutionalism 8183: 8182: 7685:Dynamic semantics 7328: 7327: 7238:Philosophy of law 7183:Conflict theories 7023:The Spirit of Law 6930: 6929: 5979:Original position 5422: 5421: 5079:Project Gutenberg 4868:978-1-84046-450-4 4805:978-1-4129-6580-4 4687:Aspects of Hobbes 4669:Macpherson, C. B. 4604:General resources 4553:Project Gutenberg 4516:Aspects of Hobbes 4469:978-3-926535-51-1 4315:978-3-752952-92-6 4295:Aspects of Hobbes 4222:978-0-226-34545-1 4207:Reynolds, Noel B. 4036:978-0-511-49583-0 3970:978-1-716-89340-7 3829:Aspects of Hobbes 3779:978-0-8108-8275-1 3746:Europe: A history 3731:978-1-4456-4464-6 3674:Aspects of Hobbes 3532:978-1-4567-0032-4 3439:978-0-333-49599-5 3398:978-5-87487-145-1 3352:978-0-226-34545-1 3333:Reynolds, Noel B. 3317:978-0-8135-0783-5 3271:(November 2002). 3252:(Subscription or 3220:978-0-415-08083-5 3105:978-0-333-49599-5 3033:978-0-393-02288-9 2961:978-0-8204-2300-5 2879:Sreedhar, Susanne 2694: 2693: 2681: 2678:Clarendon Edition 2656: 2638:Elaine C. Stroud 2595: 2571: 2545:Philosophia prima 2497: 2477: 2457: 2440:Ferdinand Tönnies 2406: 2405: 2337:against Dr Wallis 2145: 2136: 2135: 2108:Latin version of 2060: 2041:Complete editions 1762:, Part Two (1640) 1755:, Part One (1640) 1473:divine providence 1303:Beginning from a 1231:, in Derbyshire. 1111:From the time of 1086:William Faithorne 948:English Civil War 916:Tractatus opticus 881:Sir Robert Filmer 841:English Civil War 684:Duke of Newcastle 680:William Cavendish 668:William Cavendish 603:Malmesbury school 451:English Civil War 370: 369: 248:Corpuscularianism 243:Classical realism 16:(Redirected from 10820: 10596: 10583: 10570: 10569: 10518:The Adapted Mind 10305:David P. Schmitt 10265:Katherine Nelson 10245:Brian MacWhinney 10185:Gordon G. Gallup 10175:Diana Fleischman 10135:Peter Carruthers 9992:Napoleon Chagnon 9972:Jerome H. Barkow 9956:Richard Wrangham 9936:Wolfgang Wickler 9921:Carel van Schaik 9812: 9805: 9798: 9789: 9788: 9776: 9775: 9764: 9763: 9762: 9737:Bas van Fraassen 9692:Hans Reichenbach 9672:Bertrand Russell 9589: 9588: 9415:Philosophy of... 9198:Unity of science 8991:Commensurability 8937: 8930: 8923: 8914: 8913: 8890: 8889: 8875: 8865: 8864: 8745:Legal positivism 8698: 8688: 8678: 8668: 8658: 8648: 8638: 8628: 8286:Sociology of law 8210: 8203: 8196: 8187: 8186: 8145:Formal semantics 8093:Related articles 8085: 8075: 8065: 8055: 8045: 8035: 8025: 8015: 8005: 7995: 7985: 7975: 7965: 7955: 7725:Relevance theory 7720:Phallogocentrism 7355: 7348: 7341: 7332: 7331: 7243:Political ethics 7233:Machiavellianism 7173:Authoritarianism 7158: 7148: 7138: 7128: 7118: 7108: 7098: 7088: 7078: 7068: 7058: 7048: 7038: 7028: 7018: 7008: 6998: 6988: 6978: 6968: 6958: 6948: 6024: 6023: 5965: 5901: 5891:Balance of power 5865:Social democracy 5860:Social Darwinism 5835:Multiculturalism 5780:Environmentalism 5755:Communitarianism 5462: 5455: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5426: 5425: 5415: 5406: 5386: 5376: 5366: 5356: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5291: 5261: 5254: 5247: 5238: 5237: 5196:Hobbes biography 5119: 5118: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5088:Internet Archive 5071: 5069: 5067: 5046: 5010:Brill Publishers 4902:Skinner, Quentin 4825: 4713:Martinich, A. P. 4658:, Leiden: Brill. 4635:Critical studies 4629: 4594: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4555: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4485: 4484:, Parisii, 1642. 4478: 4472: 4457: 4451: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4401: 4395: 4372:Skinner, Quentin 4369: 4363: 4361: 4341: 4335: 4324: 4318: 4271: 4265: 4254: 4248: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4045: 4016: 3994: 3988: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3932: 3926: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3762:(5 April 2012). 3755: 3749: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3716:Stilgoe, Richard 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3668: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3544: 3538: 3536: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3469: 3463: 3444: 3443: 3431: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3357: 3356: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3267:O'Connor, J.J.; 3264: 3258: 3257: 3249: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3170:"Hobbes, Thomas" 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3143:Hertford College 3135: 3129: 3123: 3110: 3109: 3091: 3070: 3069: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2875:Lloyd, Sharon A. 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2841: 2832: 2831: 2811: 2805: 2798: 2676: 2650: 2590: 2566: 2491: 2471: 2451: 2413: 2412: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2062: 2058: 2052: 1973:Posthumous works 1336:and establish a 1318: 1284:Frontispiece of 1262:social structure 1235:Political theory 1218:paralytic stroke 1214:bladder disorder 1168:Chatsworth House 1120:House of Commons 1066:Council of State 1062:French Catholics 820:Short Parliament 623:scholastic logic 605:, and then to a 440:Cavendish family 402: 397: 396: 393: 392: 389: 386: 383: 366: 345: 273:Legal positivism 162: 117: 91: 89: 76: 73: 64: 50: 49: 21: 10828: 10827: 10823: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10817: 10718:Epistemologists 10618: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10610: 10605: 10558: 10505: 10472: 10465: 10428: 10422: 10385: 10379: 10340:Anthony Stevens 10325:Irwin Silverman 10255:Geoffrey Miller 10220:Martie Haselton 10195:Gerd Gigerenzer 10110:Joseph Bulbulia 10057: 10051: 10032:Stephen Shennan 9987:Donald E. Brown 9965:Anthropologists 9960: 9911:Randy Thornhill 9901:Peter Richerson 9881:Peter Kropotkin 9861:Richard Dawkins 9839:neuroscientists 9838: 9832: 9821: 9816: 9786: 9781: 9770: 9760: 9758: 9746: 9727:Paul Feyerabend 9687:Michael Polanyi 9623: 9609:Galileo Galilei 9578: 9564:Science studies 9480: 9410: 9401:Verificationism 9306:Instrumentalism 9291:Foundationalism 9266:Conventionalism 9224: 9060:Feminist method 8946: 8941: 8911: 8906: 8892:WikiProject Law 8853: 8837:Question of law 8784: 8701: 8696: 8686: 8676: 8666: 8656: 8646: 8636: 8633:Treatise on Law 8626: 8608: 8290: 8256:Comparative law 8232: 8219: 8214: 8184: 8179: 8156: 8135:School of Names 8088: 8083: 8073: 8063: 8053: 8050:Of Grammatology 8043: 8033: 8023: 8013: 8003: 7993: 7983: 7973: 7963: 7953: 7937: 7789: 7735:Semantic holism 7715:Non-cognitivism 7655:Conventionalism 7626: 7373: 7364: 7359: 7329: 7324: 7311: 7300:Totalitarianism 7161: 7156: 7146: 7136: 7126: 7116: 7106: 7096: 7086: 7076: 7066: 7056: 7046: 7036: 7026: 7016: 7006: 6996: 6986: 6976: 6973:Treatise on Law 6966: 6956: 6946: 6926: 6584: 6578: 6317: 6311: 6197: 6191: 6110: 6013: 5999:State of nature 5994:Social contract 5974:Ordered liberty 5962:Noblesse oblige 5879: 5713: 5642: 5471: 5466: 5431: 5423: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5389: 5379: 5369: 5359: 5349: 5338: 5333:State of nature 5331: 5326:Social contract 5324: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5270: 5265: 5116: 5098: 5096: 5094:"Thomas Hobbes" 5092: 5065: 5063: 5056:Macdonell, John 5052:"Thomas Hobbes" 5032: 5026: 5001:, Madrid: Maia. 4969:, Glencoe, IL: 4960:Clarendon Press 4935:Stauffer, Devin 4885:Schaffer, Simon 4839:Basil Blackwell 4806: 4637: 4627: 4606: 4601: 4599:Further reading 4567: 4565: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4526: 4522: 4505: 4501: 4492: 4488: 4479: 4475: 4458: 4454: 4444:British Library 4437: 4433: 4422: 4420: 4402: 4398: 4382:3). Cambridge: 4370: 4366: 4342: 4338: 4325: 4321: 4272: 4268: 4255: 4251: 4241:British Library 4234: 4230: 4223: 4203: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4179: 4175: 4164: 4160: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4113:"Thomas Hobbes" 4111: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4014: 3995: 3991: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3933: 3929: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3848: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3772:. p. 140. 3770:Scarecrow Press 3756: 3752: 3744:Norman Davies, 3743: 3739: 3732: 3710:Grounds, Eric; 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3685: 3669: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3624: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3562:Clarendon Press 3545: 3541: 3533: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3472: 3464: 3447: 3440: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3399: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3360: 3353: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3273:"Thomas Hobbes" 3269:Robertson, E.F. 3265: 3261: 3251: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3178:Rice University 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3113: 3106: 3092: 3073: 3034: 3024:10.2307/3791051 2998: 2994: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2954:. p. 253. 2942: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2894: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2845:"Thomas Hobbes" 2843: 2842: 2835: 2822:(44): 102–112. 2812: 2808: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2737: 2718: 2699: 2611:pp. 31–67. 2504:Franco Alessio 2419:Published year 2411: 2239: 2221: 2153:Featured Works 2068:Featured works 2048: 2043: 1975: 1598:(also known as 1587:Quentin Skinner 1514: 1466:J. G. A. Pocock 1450: 1448:Religious views 1416: 1410: 1367: 1362: 1334:social contract 1309:state of nature 1278: 1272: 1237: 1195: 1113:the Restoration 1078: 944: 888:Long Parliament 877:Patriarchalists 816: 785:Galileo Galilei 773:Gervase Clifton 769: 696:Elements of Law 692:Prince of Wales 599: 544: 539: 470:state of nature 417:social contract 400: 380: 376: 348: 335:State of nature 330:Social contract 323: 299: 292: 288:Social contract 200: 160: 155: 129: 119: 115: 114:4 December 1679 106: 93: 87: 85: 77: 74: 55: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10826: 10816: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10728:Metaphysicians 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10613: 10612: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10603: 10590: 10577: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10549: 10542: 10535: 10528: 10521: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10477: 10475: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10446:Daniel Dennett 10443: 10441:Joseph Carroll 10438: 10432: 10430: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10408:Herbert Gintis 10405: 10400: 10395: 10389: 10387: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10345:Frank Sulloway 10342: 10337: 10332: 10330:Peter K. Smith 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10275:Steven Neuberg 10272: 10267: 10262: 10260:Darcia Narvaez 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10240:Robert Kurzban 10237: 10235:Simon M. Kirby 10232: 10227: 10225:Stephen Kaplan 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10205:Jonathan Haidt 10202: 10197: 10192: 10190:David C. Geary 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10160:Bruce J. Ellis 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10065:Mary Ainsworth 10061: 10059: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10017:Joseph Henrich 10014: 10009: 10004: 10002:Daniel Fessler 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9968: 9966: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9926:Claus Wedekind 9923: 9918: 9916:Robert Trivers 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9871:W. D. Hamilton 9868: 9863: 9858: 9856:Charles Darwin 9853: 9848: 9846:Bernard Crespi 9842: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9815: 9814: 9807: 9800: 9792: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9768: 9756: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9712:W. V. O. Quine 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9647:Rudolf Steiner 9644: 9639: 9637:Henri Poincaré 9634: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9595: 9593: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9535: 9534: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9507:Exact sciences 9504: 9499: 9494: 9488: 9486: 9485:Related topics 9482: 9481: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9444:Social science 9441: 9440: 9439: 9437:Space and time 9429: 9424: 9418: 9416: 9412: 9411: 9409: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9350: 9341: 9336: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9232: 9230: 9226: 9225: 9223: 9222: 9217: 9216: 9215: 9210: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9146:Scientific law 9143: 9142: 9141: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9055:Falsifiability 9052: 9047: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9014: 9013: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8984:Mill's Methods 8976: 8965: 8960: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8947: 8940: 8939: 8932: 8925: 8917: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8884: 8879: 8869: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8851: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8800: 8792: 8790: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8775:Utilitarianism 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8740:Legal moralism 8737: 8735:Interpretivism 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8711: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8689: 8679: 8669: 8659: 8649: 8639: 8629: 8618: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8300: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8242: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8224: 8221: 8220: 8213: 8212: 8205: 8198: 8190: 8181: 8180: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8076: 8066: 8056: 8046: 8036: 8026: 8016: 8006: 7996: 7986: 7976: 7966: 7956: 7945: 7943: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7886:Presupposition 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7797: 7795: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7665:Deconstruction 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7636: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7383: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7358: 7357: 7350: 7343: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7309: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7290:Social justice 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7198:Egalitarianism 7195: 7190: 7188:Contractualism 7185: 7180: 7175: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7149: 7139: 7129: 7119: 7109: 7099: 7089: 7079: 7069: 7059: 7049: 7039: 7029: 7019: 7009: 6999: 6989: 6979: 6969: 6959: 6949: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6444: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6321: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6201: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5984:Overton window 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5893: 5887: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5815:Libertarianism 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5472: 5465: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5407: 5403:Hobbes Studies 5397: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5377: 5367: 5357: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5313: 5306: 5299: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5264: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5214: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5186:by John Aubrey 5181: 5175: 5166: 5160: 5151: 5150:Online edition 5148:Hobbes studies 5145: 5137: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5105: 5090: 5081: 5072: 5047: 5031: 5030:External links 5028: 5024: 5023: 5016:Zagorin, Perez 5013: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4974: 4963: 4949: 4942: 4931: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4909: 4899: 4881:Shapin, Steven 4878: 4871: 4862:, Icon Books. 4856: 4849: 4842: 4826: 4804: 4788:Cato Institute 4772:Hamowy, Ronald 4760: 4753: 4742: 4731: 4724: 4710: 4703:Manent, Pierre 4700: 4693: 4690: 4680: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4621: 4614: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4585:Chisholm, Hugh 4581:Hobbes, Thomas 4557: 4556: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4520: 4518:(Oxford, 2002) 4499: 4486: 4473: 4452: 4431: 4396: 4364: 4336: 4330:. Carbondale: 4319: 4303:Hobbes Studies 4279:Karl Schuhmann 4266: 4249: 4228: 4221: 4197: 4185: 4173: 4158: 4143: 4134: 4104: 4069: 4067:, p. 549. 4065:Robertson 1911 4057: 4035: 4021:. p. 31. 4006:Chappell, Vere 3989: 3976: 3969: 3951: 3942: 3927: 3910: 3880: 3865: 3846: 3818: 3785: 3778: 3750: 3737: 3730: 3702: 3683: 3660: 3630: 3628:, p. 551. 3626:Robertson 1911 3611: 3579: 3577:, p. 550. 3575:Robertson 1911 3567: 3564:. p. 277. 3539: 3531: 3525:. p. 72. 3507: 3505:, p. 548. 3503:Robertson 1911 3470: 3468:, p. 547. 3466:Robertson 1911 3445: 3438: 3416: 3397: 3377: 3375:, p. 546. 3373:Robertson 1911 3358: 3351: 3323: 3316: 3298: 3259: 3226: 3219: 3213:. p. 89. 3195: 3160: 3130: 3128:, p. 545. 3126:Robertson 1911 3111: 3104: 3071: 3032: 2992: 2977:"Opera Latina" 2967: 2960: 2936: 2903: 2866: 2833: 2806: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2778:Social physics 2775: 2768: 2763: 2761:Hobbesian trap 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2725: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2603: 2600: 2599:Chicago: 1975 2597: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2539:Notes for the 2537: 2530: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2476:, Appendix II. 2463: 2462: 2459: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2287: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2031: 2020: 2009: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1982: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1902: 1893: 1886: 1880: 1873: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1816: 1810: 1800: 1791: 1785: 1777: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1756: 1745:(pirated ed.) 1739: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1722: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1679:Harley MS 3360 1671: 1670: 1669: 1663:Marin Mersenne 1651: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1630: 1621: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1603: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1582: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1553: 1537: 1531: 1524: 1513: 1510: 1449: 1446: 1409: 1406: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1354:ecclesiastical 1274:Main article: 1271: 1266: 1236: 1233: 1194: 1191: 1077: 1074: 966:Elsevier press 943: 940: 815: 812: 797:Marin Mersenne 768: 765: 607:private school 598: 595: 550:, now part of 543: 540: 538: 535: 478:laws of nature 428:Spanish Armada 368: 367: 359: 358: 354: 353: 350: 349: 347: 346: 337: 332: 326: 324: 321: 318: 317: 300: 298:Main interests 297: 294: 293: 291: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 234: 232: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 202: 201: 199: 198: 190: 182: 174: 165: 163: 157: 156: 154: 153: 143: 137: 135: 131: 130: 120: 118:(aged 91) 112: 108: 107: 94: 83: 79: 78: 75: 1669–70 65: 57: 56: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10825: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10628:Thomas Hobbes 10626: 10625: 10623: 10602: 10601: 10595: 10591: 10589: 10588: 10582: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10565: 10564: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10550: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10536: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10527: 10526: 10522: 10520: 10519: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10473:organizations 10468: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10456:Thomas Hobbes 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10433: 10431: 10425: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10398:Samuel Bowles 10396: 10394: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10382: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10365:Andrew Whiten 10363: 10361: 10360:Mark van Vugt 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10320:Roger Shepard 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10300:Mark Schaller 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10290:Steven Pinker 10288: 10286: 10285:Henry Plotkin 10283: 10281: 10280:David Perrett 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10145:Leda Cosmides 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10125:Anne Campbell 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10054: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10037:Donald Symons 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10027:Daniel Nettle 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10012:John D. Hawks 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9963: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9896:Margie Profet 9894: 9892: 9891:Jaak Panksepp 9889: 9887: 9886:Gordon Orians 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9876:Alfred Kinsey 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9866:Jared Diamond 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9835: 9831: 9830: 9824: 9820: 9813: 9808: 9806: 9801: 9799: 9794: 9793: 9790: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9767: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9749: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9697:Rudolf Carnap 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9632:Auguste Comte 9630: 9629: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9604:Francis Bacon 9602: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9581: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9533: 9532:Pseudoscience 9530: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9483: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9438: 9435: 9434: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9413: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9391:Structuralism 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9354: 9353:Received view 9351: 9349: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9331: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9261:Contextualism 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9227: 9221: 9218: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9012: 9009: 9008: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8938: 8933: 8931: 8926: 8924: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8868: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8850: 8849: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8832: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8805: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8787: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8750:Legal realism 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8704: 8695: 8694: 8690: 8685: 8684: 8680: 8675: 8674: 8670: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8655: 8654: 8650: 8645: 8644: 8640: 8635: 8634: 8630: 8625: 8624: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8611: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8276:Legal history 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8235: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8222: 8218: 8217:Jurisprudence 8211: 8206: 8204: 8199: 8197: 8192: 8191: 8188: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8130:Scholasticism 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8082: 8081: 8077: 8072: 8071: 8067: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8052: 8051: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8012: 8011: 8007: 8001: 7997: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7952: 7951: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7745:Structuralism 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7670:Descriptivism 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7650:Contrastivism 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7367: 7363: 7356: 7351: 7349: 7344: 7342: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7223:Jurisprudence 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7075: 7074: 7070: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7055: 7054: 7053:Rights of Man 7050: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7035: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6985: 6984: 6980: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6965: 6964: 6963:De re publica 6960: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6583:20th and 21st 6581: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6316:18th and 19th 6314: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6194: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6172:Nizam al-Mulk 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5855:Republicanism 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5458: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5434: 5427: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5304: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5268:Thomas Hobbes 5262: 5257: 5255: 5250: 5248: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5221:Steven Pinker 5219:nominated by 5218: 5217:Thomas Hobbes 5215: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5202:Thomas Hobbes 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5154:Thomas Hobbes 5152: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5073: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4983:, Stuttgart: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4946:Thomas Hobbes 4943: 4940: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4764:Narveson, Jan 4761: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4748:, Cambridge: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4735:Thomas Hobbes 4732: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4683:Malcolm, Noel 4681: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4575:public domain 4564: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4530: 4524: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4496: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4456: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4224: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4189: 4182: 4177: 4169: 4162: 4154: 4147: 4138: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3998:Ameriks, Karl 3993: 3986: 3980: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3946: 3938: 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2465: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2456:, Appendix I. 2455: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2436:London: 1889 2432: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2335:Royal Society 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2056: 2051: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1989: 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846: 845:contractarian 842: 838: 834: 829: 825: 821: 811: 809: 805: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 775:, the son of 774: 764: 762: 758: 754: 753: 748: 744: 743:Francis Bacon 740: 735: 733: 729: 728: 723: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 666:, the son of 665: 661: 657: 652: 650: 646: 642: 641: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 615:Magdalen Hall 612: 608: 604: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 507:jurisprudence 503: 501: 500: 495: 491: 490: 485: 484: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 456: 452: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 413: 408: 404: 403: 395: 374: 373:Thomas Hobbes 365: 360: 355: 351: 344: 343: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 325: 322:Notable ideas 319: 316: 312: 308: 304: 301: 295: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 235: 233: 231: 227: 224: 221: 217: 214: 211: 207: 203: 196: 195: 191: 188: 187: 183: 180: 179: 175: 172: 171: 167: 166: 164: 158: 151: 147: 144: 142: 139: 138: 136: 132: 127: 123: 122:Ault Hucknall 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 84: 80: 69: 63: 58: 54:Thomas Hobbes 51: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 10723:Materialists 10598: 10585: 10572: 10551: 10544: 10537: 10530: 10523: 10516: 10510:Publications 10455: 10451:Denis Dutton 10436:Edmund Burke 10429:philosophers 10375:Margo Wilson 10370:Glenn Wilson 10355:Joshua Tybur 10210:Harry Harlow 10165:Anne Fernald 10140:Noam Chomsky 10105:Pascal Boyer 10085:Jesse Bering 9997:Robin Dunbar 9951:E. O. Wilson 9837:Biologists / 9827: 9742:Larry Laudan 9722:Imre Lakatos 9677:Otto Neurath 9652:Karl Pearson 9642:Pierre Duhem 9614:Isaac Newton 9544:Protoscience 9502:Epistemology 9376:Anti-realism 9374: / 9355: / 9346: / 9332: / 9330:Reductionism 9328: / 9301:Inductionism 9281:Evolutionism 9086: 8973:a posteriori 8972: 8968: 8848:Usul al-Fiqh 8846: 8829: 8825:Legal system 8802: 8795: 8693:Law's Empire 8691: 8681: 8671: 8661: 8651: 8641: 8631: 8621: 8418: 8296:Philosophers 8238:Legal theory 8078: 8068: 8058: 8048: 8038: 8028: 8018: 8008: 7988: 7978: 7968: 7958: 7948: 7930: 7871:Metalanguage 7866:Logical form 7821:Truth-bearer 7780:Unilalianism 7690:Expressivism 7517:Wittgenstein 7462:von Humboldt 7446: 7379:Philosophers 7304: 7203:Elite theory 7151: 7141: 7131: 7121: 7111: 7101: 7091: 7081: 7071: 7061: 7051: 7041: 7031: 7021: 7011: 7001: 6991: 6981: 6971: 6961: 6951: 6941: 6244: 6240:Guicciardini 6196:Early modern 6019:Philosophers 5969:Open society 5905:Body politic 5775:Distributism 5765:Conservatism 5760:Confucianism 5679:Gerontocracy 5669:Dictatorship 5623:Sovereignty‎ 5613:Ruling class 5503:Emancipation 5488:Citizenship‎ 5410: 5401: 5380: 5370: 5360: 5350: 5343:Publications 5316: 5286: 5276:Concepts and 5267: 5228: 5206: 5141: 5123:Hobbes Texts 5097:. Retrieved 5064:. Retrieved 5059: 5025: 5019: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4980: 4966: 4955: 4952:Strauss, Leo 4945: 4938: 4926: 4919: 4912: 4905: 4888: 4874: 4859: 4852: 4845: 4833: 4779: 4775: 4756: 4745: 4737:, New York: 4734: 4727: 4716: 4706: 4696: 4686: 4672: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4588: 4560:Attribution: 4559: 4558: 4546: 4528: 4523: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4494: 4489: 4481: 4476: 4471:. pp. 19–94. 4460: 4455: 4439: 4434: 4421:. Retrieved 4412: 4399: 4379: 4375: 4367: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4327: 4322: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275:Noel Malcolm 4269: 4257: 4252: 4236: 4231: 4211: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4181:Human Nature 4180: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4152: 4146: 4137: 4125:. Retrieved 4116: 4107: 4095:. Retrieved 4083:Episode 2372 4082: 4072: 4060: 4048:. Retrieved 4010: 3992: 3984: 3979: 3960: 3954: 3945: 3936: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3901:. Retrieved 3892: 3883: 3874: 3868: 3856:. Retrieved 3828: 3821: 3809:. 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D. Broad 9599:Roger Bacon 9527:Non-science 9469:Linguistics 9449:Archaeology 9344:Rationalism 9334:Determinism 9321:Physicalism 9286:Fallibilism 9236:Coherentism 9166:Testability 9119:Observation 9114:Objectivity 9075:alternative 9006:Correlation 8996:Consilience 8770:Paternalism 8765:Natural law 8627:(c. 355 BC) 8474:Montesquieu 8266:Legal norms 8115:Linguistics 8080:Limited Inc 8000:On Denoting 7826:Proposition 7477:de Saussure 7442:Ibn Khaldun 7077:(1835–1840) 6957:(c. 350 BC) 6947:(c. 375 BC) 6564:Tocqueville 6529:Saint-Simon 6494:Montesquieu 6345:Bolingbroke 6277:Machiavelli 6157:Ibn Khaldun 6122:Alpharabius 6115:Middle Ages 5940:Natural law 5915:Common good 5840:Nationalism 5800:Imperialism 5770:Corporatism 5745:Colonialism 5725:Agrarianism 5704:Technocracy 5684:Meritocracy 5664:Bureaucracy 5654:Aristocracy 5230:Great Lives 5225:BBC Radio 4 5207:In Our Time 4894:Princeton: 4719:, Detroit: 4628:(in French) 4245:Harleian MS 4097:14 November 3983:Vélez, F., 3811:10 November 3523:AuthorHouse 3016:W.W. Norton 2647:Of Passions 2389:The Odyssey 1502:Pope Paul V 1438:John Wallis 1408:John Wallis 1305:mechanistic 1070:Fetter Lane 867:, while in 861:Patrimonial 715:Paolo Sarpi 656:B.A. degree 649:Latin verse 627:mathematics 579:John Aubrey 560:prematurely 407:philosopher 278:Natural law 268:Materialism 258:Determinism 10622:Categories 10461:David Hume 10403:Ernst Fehr 10295:Paul Rozin 10200:Peter Gray 10155:Paul Ekman 10120:Josep Call 10115:David Buss 10095:Paul Bloom 10080:Jay Belsky 10042:John Tooby 10007:Mark Flinn 9851:John Crook 9619:David Hume 9592:Precursors 9474:Psychology 9454:Economics‎ 9348:Empiricism 9339:Pragmatism 9326:Positivism 9316:Naturalism 9186:scientific 9070:Hypothesis 9033:Experiment 8877:Law portal 8504:Petrażycki 8494:Pashukanis 8489:Olivecrona 8424:Hägerström 8339:Blackstone 8175:Discussion 8170:Task Force 8120:Pragmatics 7911:Speech act 7841:Categories 7755:Symbiosism 7710:Nominalism 7622:Watzlawick 7502:Bloomfield 7422:Chrysippus 7285:Separatism 7093:On Liberty 6993:The Prince 6722:Huntington 6225:Campanella 6152:al-Ghazali 6101:Thucydides 6059:Lactantius 6004:Statolatry 5830:Monarchism 5810:Liberalism 5735:Capitalism 5718:Ideologies 5699:Plutocracy 5647:Government 5603:Revolution 5588:Propaganda 5538:Legitimacy 5513:Government 5372:De Corpore 5278:philosophy 5227:programme 5008:, Leiden: 4973:, chap. 7. 4971:Free Press 4958:, Oxford: 4837:, Oxford: 4814:2008009151 4675:, Oxford: 4352:(1): 115. 3903:23 October 3800:Britannica 3712:Tidy, Bill 3684:0199247145 3604:14 January 3291:1 December 3256:required.) 3188:1 December 3141:. Oxford: 2952:Peter Lang 2784:References 2680:, vol. 6–7 2605:Includes: 2553:De Corpore 2549:De Corpore 2534:De Corpore 2362:Thucydides 2165:De Corpore 2104:Volume III 2080:De Corpore 1808:De Corpore 1799:(in Latin) 1796:De Corpore 1545:Thucydides 1489:revelation 1485:John Locke 1481:Tertullian 1442:De Corpore 1425:De Corpore 1360:Opposition 1330:commodious 1207:Derbyshire 1076:Later life 879:, such as 747:amanuensis 739:Ben Jonson 722:Thucydides 703:grand tour 552:Malmesbury 542:Early life 489:De Corpore 283:Nominalism 186:De Corpore 126:Derbyshire 88:1588-04-05 10180:Uta Frith 10022:Ruth Mace 9459:Geography 9427:Chemistry 9386:Scientism 9181:ladenness 9001:Construct 8979:Causality 8637:(c. 1270) 8519:Pufendorf 8454:Llewellyn 8314:Aristotle 8152:Semiotics 8140:Semantics 7990:Alciphron 7926:Statement 7861:Intension 7801:Ambiguity 7680:Dramatism 7660:Cratylism 7412:Eubulides 7407:Aristotle 7387:Confucius 7003:Leviathan 6983:Monarchia 6977:(c. 1274) 6812:Oakeshott 6757:Mansfield 6752:Luxemburg 6737:Kropotkin 6632:Bernstein 6585:centuries 6499:Nietzsche 6442:Jefferson 6370:Condorcet 6318:centuries 6297:Pufendorf 6162:Marsilius 6049:Confucius 6034:Aristotle 6027:Antiquity 5955:Noble lie 5875:Third Way 5870:Socialism 5795:Feudalism 5750:Communism 5730:Anarchism 5709:Theocracy 5694:Oligarchy 5674:Democracy 5659:Autocracy 5573:Pluralism 5558:Obedience 5523:Hierarchy 5483:Authority 5362:Leviathan 5310:Multitude 4987:, 3rd ed. 4822:750831024 4448:Harley MS 4374:. 2012. 4260:. Paris: 4193:Leviathan 3937:Leviathan 3923:Leviathan 3893:Leviathan 3552:Clark, A. 3550:(1898) . 3211:Routledge 3042:0162-895X 2789:Citations 2398:Volume 11 2383:The Iliad 2377:Volume 10 2194:Leviathan 2118:Volume IV 2110:Leviathan 2093:De Homine 2087:Volume II 1898:Leviathan 1719:Gondibert 1498:Interdict 1420:Leviathan 1394:free will 1345:authority 1342:sovereign 1293:Leviathan 1286:Leviathan 1269:Leviathan 1250:Aristotle 1242:Charles I 1189:in 1675. 1149:Leviathan 1125:Leviathan 1102:Leviathan 1094:De Homine 1058:Anglicans 1013:Leviathan 1006:leviathan 1001:Leviathan 970:Amsterdam 928:John Pell 912:Leviathan 899:Descartes 869:Leviathan 849:Leviathan 837:Leviathan 761:Christian 688:Civil War 635:Euripides 597:Education 556:Wiltshire 537:Biography 494:De Homine 466:Leviathan 462:Leviathan 458:sovereign 412:Leviathan 357:Signature 178:Leviathan 134:Education 128:, England 100:Wiltshire 18:Hobbesian 10668:Atomists 10418:Gad Saad 9754:Category 9406:Vitalism 9229:Theories 9203:Variable 9124:Paradigm 9011:function 8969:A priori 8958:Analysis 8951:Concepts 8867:Category 8789:Concepts 8755:Legalism 8707:Theories 8594:Voegelin 8564:Scaevola 8524:Radbruch 8499:Perelman 8484:Nussbaum 8429:Jellinek 8394:Habermas 8389:Gurvitch 8359:Durkheim 8329:Beccaria 8165:Category 8125:Rhetoric 7950:Cratylus 7921:Sentence 7896:Property 7816:Language 7794:Concepts 7632:Theories 7597:Strawson 7582:Davidson 7572:Hintikka 7567:Anscombe 7512:Vygotsky 7467:Mauthner 7437:Averroes 7427:Zhuangzi 7417:Diodorus 7397:Cratylus 7258:Centrism 6953:Politics 6943:Republic 6912:Voegelin 6892:Spengler 6877:Shariati 6852:Rothbard 6807:Nussbaum 6707:Habermas 6682:Fukuyama 6672:Foucault 6597:Ambedkar 6574:Voltaire 6544:de Staël 6519:Rousseau 6400:Franklin 6375:Constant 6335:Beccaria 6167:Muhammad 6147:Gelasius 6132:Averroes 6106:Xenophon 6086:Polybius 6039:Chanakya 5884:Concepts 5850:Populism 5820:Localism 5805:Islamism 5790:Feminism 5689:Monarchy 5593:Property 5583:Progress 5548:Monopoly 5518:Hegemony 5382:Behemoth 5223:for the 5112:LibriVox 5099:29 March 5066:12 March 5018:(2009). 4985:Frommann 4979:(1925). 4954:(1936). 4937:(2018). 4904:(1996). 4887:(1995). 4831:(1975). 4705:(1996). 4685:(2002). 4671:(1962). 4423:10 March 4417:Archived 4407:(2016). 4121:Archived 4091:Archived 4050:9 August 4041:Archived 4004:(2007). 3917:Part I, 3897:Archived 3858:21 March 3852:Archived 3805:Archived 3695:19 March 3689:Archived 3653:14 April 3647:Archived 3598:Archived 3409:22 April 3403:Archived 3285:Archived 3182:Archived 3147:Archived 3066:44544062 3058:79644318 2929:10 March 2923:Archived 2897:10 March 2891:archived 2881:(2022), 2859:12 March 2853:Archived 2735:See also 2474:Elements 2454:Elements 2370:Volume 9 2351:Volume 8 2309:Volume 7 2258:Volume 6 2245:Volume 5 2201:Volume 4 2189:Volume 3 2174:Volume 2 2159:Volume 1 2128:Volume V 2074:Volume I 1760:Elements 1753:Elements 1504:against 1483:.) 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