373:, two amendments concerning the age of consent for male homosexual activities (one setting set such an age at 20, and another setting it at 18) were rejected. Ironically, the staunchest opponents of the bill (who wanted homosexuality to remain illegal for people of all ages) voted against a higher age of consent: they thought that, by preventing the passage of a "compromise" amendment, they would have ultimately prevented the passage of the bill altogether, as they believed "nobody in their right mind would vote for a third reading for the bill with the age of consent at 16".
31:
1217:
1203:
384:
The bill, as amended, passed narrowly (49 Ayes to 44 Noes) on 9 July 1986, after an attempt by opponents to invoke closure and end debate had been defeated on 2 July by one vote (41 Ayes to 42 Noes); the bill might have failed if a vote had been taken then as several supporters were kept away from
360:
in 1985. The bill originally was composed of two parts: Part I, which removed criminal penalties for those engaging in male homosexual acts and anal intercourse, provided it was consensual between people over the age of 16 (which was the age of consent for vaginal sex in New
Zealand); and Part II,
1156:
was created by the group to distribute a petition against the Act, that on submission to
Parliament was claimed to have garnered more than 800,000 signatures, making it the largest petition in proportion to New Zealand's population up to that point. However, some petition sheets contained several
1123:
On 10 April 2018, the
Criminal Records (Expungement of Convictions for Historical Homosexual Offences) Act 2018 came into effect, joining a range of similar statutes in other countries that pardoned or expunged convictions for homosexual offences prior to decriminalisation.
257:
to life imprisonment and hard labour. Despite initial attempts at decriminalisation in the 1970s, it was not until the landmark 1986 Act that consensual same-sex activities were decriminalised, marking a significant progressive shift in the
281:
making male homosexual acts punishable by death. The
Offences Against The Person Act of 1867 changed the penalty for buggery from execution to life imprisonment. In 1893 the law was broadened so that all sex between men constituted
305:
and later the
Wolfenden Association were formed to campaign for legalisation of male homosexual sex. In 1968 a petition signed by 75 prominent citizens and calling for legislative change was presented to (and rejected by)
1469:
1175:, but later expressed regret for the hurt that its participation in the petition had caused. In a joint statement written in 2012, attempts at rapprochement were welcomed by the Rainbow Wellington LGBT+ group.
1190:
I faced the classic dilemma of voting according to my own judgement or the opinion of those I was elected to represent. As a new member, I opted for the latter and I've always regretted it.
1821:
1826:
1491:
1459:
1157:
signatures in the same handwriting, and some of the boxes were nearly empty, thereby discrediting the petition and causing the
Parliamentiary Petitions Committee to reject it.
408:
1861:
1789:
1809:
62:
by removing criminal sanctions against consensual sexual conduct between males, and consensual heterosexual anal intercourse, while protecting minors.
321:'s Crimes Amendment Bill. This would have legalised sexual activity between men over the age of 21, but was defeated 34 to 29, with 23 abstentions.
1584:
1100:
Although Part II did not make it into the final version of the bill, its provisions were eventually enacted into law seven years later by the
1749:
1374:
1186:
speech in
February 2013 after 30 years in Parliament, he listed voting against the Homosexual Law Reform Bill in 1986 as his biggest regret:
1399:
294:
have never been legally prohibited in New
Zealand, but all anal intercourse, including heterosexual, continued to be prior to the 1986 Act.
1040:. The following MPs (who were originally from one of the two main parties) would eventually join or find their own political parties are:
2029:
1319:
228:
336:
The debate for the 1986 bill lasted 16 months. Arguments brought by the opposition was that the bill would "ruin families" and spread
2024:
325:
proposed similar legislation in 1979 and 1980 but this did not receive support from gay activist groups, who felt that a different
1571:
1516:
1351:
84:
686:
535:
2004:
1425:
1280:
Queer
History New Zealand Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender New Zealand History PART 5 – From Law Reform to the present
830:
635:
595:
254:
1266:
Queer
History New Zealand Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender New Zealand History PART 4 – Before Homosexual Law Reform
1171:
In accordance with surveys conducted amongst its membership, the Salvation Army continued to oppose law reform, including
1044:
860:
805:
585:
204:
2019:
1037:
344:, which claimed to have received 800,000 signatures. Many of the signatures, however, were discredited by Parliament.
1999:
1816:
1742:
1659:
1553:
1161:
1137:
1101:
978:
1513:"Legislation note: Criminal Records (Expungement of Convictions for Historical Homosexual Offences) Act 2018" (2018)
2009:
1994:
1804:
1172:
1113:
253:
Before Homosexual Law Reform, male homosexual acts had faced severe legal penalties in New Zealand, evolving from
1535:
1153:
341:
120:
2014:
1871:
1799:
291:
1160:
Despite the Coalition of Concerned Citizens threatening electoral reprisals, the Fourth Labour Government was
1664:
Laurie Guy: "Evangelicals and the Homosexual Law Reform Debate: 1984-5" Stimulus 13:4 (November 2005): 69–77.
1619:
1441:
1547:
171:
1735:
610:
235:
181:
161:
1937:
1838:
885:
480:
1695:
74:
1866:
1777:
1769:
1235:
1165:
1105:
890:
750:
580:
525:
376:
The committee also decided, by a majority of 18 (31 Ayes to 49 Noes), to remove Part II from the bill.
314:
259:
1916:
1846:
1667:
1149:
865:
696:
307:
385:
Wellington by bad weather. Three National MPs voted for the bill, and other National MPs (including
1565:
1346:
1084:
490:
421:
353:
1896:
1877:
875:
769:
505:
1624:
1464:
370:
38:
1715:
1782:
1512:
774:
8:
1932:
1759:
1230:
1109:
132:
1090:
c. Both of these MPs were incorrectly labelled as affiliated with the Labour Party (NZ).
1590:
1531:
Petition against homosexual law reform presented at Parliament, Wellington, New Zealand
1222:
1145:
1133:
1942:
1655:
1421:
1065:
660:
1721:
1603:
845:
738:
625:
605:
575:
570:
485:
1671:
1413:
1051:
955:
945:
925:
910:
615:
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445:
440:
243:
59:
1947:
1851:
1179:
930:
920:
915:
701:
565:
450:
326:
302:
283:
274:
247:
232:
30:
1988:
1973:
1952:
1058:
1000:
825:
820:
676:
545:
495:
470:
465:
1132:
The bill was subject to substantial debate and faced fierce opposition from
313:
The first parliamentary attempt at decriminalisation was made in 1974, with
273:
or sodomy became illegal in New Zealand when the country became part of the
1460:"Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Bill – New Zealand Parliament"
1208:
1117:
1080:
900:
895:
840:
795:
706:
555:
435:
322:
99:
1911:
1567:
Gay Men‘s Lives – Gay activism and law reform: Petition against law reform
1529:
1968:
1901:
1279:
1265:
1183:
1036:
a. Political Affiliation of each MP is based on the information from the
950:
880:
855:
790:
764:
722:
691:
681:
650:
630:
590:
560:
540:
515:
510:
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475:
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455:
386:
361:
which provided anti-discrimination protections for lesbians and gay men.
287:
278:
225:
1710:
1681:
1652:
Worlds in Collision: The Gay Law Reform Debate in New Zealand: 1960–1986
1306:
1295:
246:
that criminalised this behaviour. The legislation established a uniform
1727:
995:
960:
940:
935:
850:
815:
810:
800:
655:
645:
640:
620:
550:
530:
357:
330:
318:
146:
49:
1164:
for a second term of office, losing only one constituency seat to the
1906:
1586:
THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE 1986 HOMOSEXUAL REFORM BILL IN NEW ZEALAND
1320:"Newsmakers: The Labour MP who fought to decriminalise gay sex in NZ"
1141:
905:
870:
835:
520:
1711:
A history of homosexual law reform in New Zealand (NZHistory.net.nz)
389:) would have supported the bill if it had been in danger of defeat.
1583:
Hutson, Ian (Salvation Army Officer) © 2002, updated October 2017.
337:
239:
1445:
1856:
975:
297:
In 1961 the penalties for male homosexual activity were reduced,
286:
even if it was consensual. Penalties included life imprisonment,
242:
regardless of partners' gender. It removed the provisions of the
1515:
NZCrimLawRw 2; (2018) NZCLR 2. New Zealand Criminal Law Review.
250:, setting it at 16 for both same-sex and opposite-sex partners.
1324:
1120:
on 19 April. It entered into force on 19 August the same year.
270:
1665:
1112:
was finally granted on 17 April 2013, when by 77 votes to 44
329:
for gay and straight sex would perpetuate discrimination and
1079:
b. National MP Maurice McTigue succeeded the late Labour MP
352:
The bill which would have become this act was introduced by
1375:"Thirty years on from NZ's tumultuous gay law reform bill"
747:
418:
1296:
Setting the scene: Homosexual Law Reform in New Zealand
16:
1986 New Zealand law decriminalising consensual gay sex
1620:"Departing veteran tells of regret over gay vote, MMP"
1790:
Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022
1198:
299:
reflecting changing attitudes towards homosexuality.
1678:
Out and About: Homosexual Law Reform in New Zealand
1611:
1307:Birth of the gay movement – homosexual law reform
340:. A petition and protest was held in 1985 by the
1986:
1275:
1273:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
393:Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 – Third Reading
1743:
1654:Wellington: Victoria University Press: 2002:
1418:Working with David: Inside the Lange Cabinet
1270:
1248:
1605:SALVATION ARMY – A SIGNIFICANT STEP FORWARD
1071:Richard Prebble (ACT New Zealand) – Labour;
1750:
1736:
1549:Homosexual law reform – Reforming the law
1757:
369:During consideration of the bill by the
1724:from homosexual law reform, PrideNZ.com
1617:
1572:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1517:New Zealand Legal Information Institute
1412:
1400:"Gay law reform: a tactics masterclass"
1372:
1352:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1987:
1317:
1074:Ken Shirley (ACT New Zealand) – Labour
347:
1731:
1682:http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2198
1472:from the original on 10 November 2019
1420:. Auckland: Hodder Moa. p. 192.
1718:radio documentary, Radio New Zealand
1618:Trevett, Claire (14 February 2013).
1608:. Website: rainbowwellington.org.nz.
1291:
1289:
1287:
1318:Stokes, Melissa (2 December 2023).
205:Human Rights Act 1993 (New Zealand)
13:
2030:Decriminalization of homosexuality
1152:(National MP for Invercargill). A
364:
14:
2041:
1688:
1554:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1284:
1102:New Zealand Human Rights Act 1993
260:country's approach to LGBT rights
2025:Same-sex marriage in New Zealand
1962:Defunct events and organisations
1696:"Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986"
1215:
1201:
1173:same-sex marriage in New Zealand
1114:same-sex marriage in New Zealand
29:
1644:
1596:
1577:
1558:
1541:
1536:National Library of New Zealand
1534:. Reference EP/1985/4285/25-F.
1522:
1505:
1484:
1452:
1434:
1154:Coalition of Concerned Citizens
342:Coalition of Concerned Citizens
1872:Sisters for Homophile Equality
1795:Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986
1406:
1392:
1373:Dudding, Adam (30 June 2016).
1366:
1339:
1311:
1300:
292:Sexual practices between women
222:Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986
24:Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986
1:
1347:"Petition against law reform"
1241:
1138:Christian political activists
265:
2005:LGBTQ history in New Zealand
1862:holders of political offices
1095:
236:sexual practices between men
7:
1938:Burnett Foundation Aotearoa
1810:Marriage Amendment Act 2013
1442:"Homosexual Law Reform Act"
1194:
10:
2046:
1867:Murder of Jeff Whittington
1236:LGBT rights in New Zealand
379:
138:Homosexual Law Reform Bill
2020:Law reform in New Zealand
1961:
1925:
1917:Wellington Pride Festival
1889:
1837:
1768:
1564:Brickell, Chris. (2018).
1127:
1116:was legalised, receiving
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697:Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan
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23:
2000:LGBTQ law in New Zealand
1698:. New Zealand Parliament
1670:23 February 2006 at the
1574:. (accessed 31 July 2023
1148:and politicians such as
85:House of Representatives
2010:Statutes of New Zealand
1995:1986 in New Zealand law
1897:Auckland Pride Festival
1878:Lesbian Feminist Circle
1492:"Bills (proposed laws)"
231:that broadly legalised
1847:Ca d'Oro Coffee Lounge
1625:The New Zealand Herald
1465:New Zealand Parliament
1192:
371:Committee of the Whole
301:Shortly afterward the
238:as well as consensual
39:New Zealand Parliament
2015:1986 in LGBTQ history
1528:(14 September 1985).
1188:
1770:LGBT rights and laws
1168:Opposition in 1987.
1110:LGBT+ New Zealanders
277:in 1840 and adopted
117:Administered by
58:An Act to amend the
1933:Agender New Zealand
1761:LGBT in New Zealand
1231:LGBT in New Zealand
394:
348:Legislative history
214:Current legislation
199:Related legislation
127:Legislative history
121:Ministry of Justice
1890:Culture and events
1817:Transgender rights
1591:The Salvation Army
1223:New Zealand portal
1134:the Salvation Army
392:
255:capital punishment
1982:
1981:
1943:Intersex Aotearoa
1448:on 31 March 2018.
1427:978-1-86971-094-1
1178:When National MP
1066:New Zealand First
1045:Progressive Party
1032:
1031:
775:Katherine O'Regan
661:Philip Woollaston
229:Act of Parliament
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1511:Gledhill, Kris.
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1479:
1477:
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1449:
1444:. Archived from
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1432:
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1414:Bassett, Michael
1410:
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1225:
1220:
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1218:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1085:1985 by-election
1064:Winston Peters (
846:Tony Friedlander
739:Geoff Braybrooke
626:Margaret Shields
576:Clive Matthewson
571:Russell Marshall
486:Trevor de Cleene
395:
391:
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191:Committee report
176:13 November 1985
33:
21:
20:
2045:
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2036:
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2034:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1957:
1921:
1885:
1833:
1800:Intersex rights
1764:
1760:
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1701:
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1694:
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1676:History Group,
1672:Wayback Machine
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1244:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1130:
1098:
1093:
1052:ACT New Zealand
1005:
992:
991:
965:
956:Merv Wellington
946:Bruce Townshend
926:Ruth Richardson
911:Maurice McTigue
787:
786:
779:
761:
760:
743:
735:
734:
727:
719:
718:
711:
673:
672:
665:
616:Richard Prebble
611:Geoffrey Palmer
601:Richard Northey
446:Michael Bassett
441:Margaret Austin
432:
431:
382:
367:
365:Committee stage
350:
298:
268:
244:Crimes Act 1961
66:
63:
60:Crimes Act 1961
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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2002:
1997:
1980:
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1963:
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1948:Rainbow Labour
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1935:
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1891:
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1852:Dorian Society
1849:
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1722:Archival audio
1719:
1716:"20 Years Out"
1713:
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1689:External links
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1180:Lockwood Smith
1166:National Party
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1088:
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1043:Jim Anderton (
1038:prior election
1033:
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931:Lockwood Smith
928:
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921:Winston Peters
918:
916:Robert Muldoon
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886:Denis Marshall
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566:Trevor Mallard
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327:age of consent
303:Dorian Society
290:and flogging.
284:sexual assault
275:British Empire
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248:age of consent
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2018:
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1974:UniQ Aotearoa
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1953:Rainbow Youth
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1822:BDMR Act 2021
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1136:, as well as
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1106:Full equality
1103:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1068:) – National;
1067:
1063:
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1059:United Future
1057:Peter Dunne (
1056:
1054:) – National;
1053:
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1001:Neil Morrison
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979:Social Credit
974:
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891:Roger Maxwell
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687:Peter Tapsell
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606:Frank O'Flynn
604:
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581:Ralph Maxwell
579:
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546:Bill Jeffries
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536:Jonathan Hunt
534:
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526:Bruce Gregory
524:
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404:Voted against
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182:Third reading
179:
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162:First reading
159:
155:
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143:Introduced by
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112:8 August 1986
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27:
22:
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1876:
1794:
1778:Civil unions
1758:
1700:. Retrieved
1677:
1651:
1650:Laurie Guy:
1645:Bibliography
1630:. Retrieved
1628:. p. A8
1623:
1613:
1604:
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1495:. Retrieved
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1463:
1454:
1446:the original
1436:
1417:
1408:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1323:
1313:
1302:
1209:LGBTQ portal
1189:
1177:
1170:
1159:
1150:Norman Jones
1131:
1122:
1118:royal assent
1099:
1081:Basil Arthur
1050:John Banks (
901:Don McKinnon
896:Roger McClay
866:Norman Jones
841:John Falloon
796:Neill Austin
707:Trevor Young
556:Annette King
436:Jim Anderton
383:
375:
368:
351:
335:
323:Warren Freer
312:
296:
269:
252:
221:
219:
211:
166:8 March 1985
156:7 March 1985
104:11 July 1986
100:Royal assent
48:
18:
1969:Hero Parade
1902:Big Gay Out
1632:14 February
1184:valedictory
1061:) – Labour;
1047:) – Labour;
951:Simon Upton
881:Jack Luxton
856:Doug Graham
831:Michael Cox
791:Derek Angus
765:George Gair
723:Gerard Wall
692:John Terris
682:Stan Rodger
651:Koro Wetere
636:bill Sutton
631:Ken Shirley
591:Colin Moyle
561:David Lange
541:Eddie Isbey
516:Fred Gerbic
511:Anne Fraser
501:Peter Dunne
491:bill Dillon
476:Helen Clark
461:Kerry Burke
456:Reg Boorman
387:Doug Graham
288:hard labour
279:English law
226:New Zealand
186:9 July 1986
94:9 July 1986
1989:Categories
1552:(Page 4).
1384:5 December
1358:6 December
1331:3 December
1242:References
1162:re-elected
1146:Peter Tait
996:Gary Knapp
961:Venn Young
941:Rob Talbot
936:Rob Storey
876:Graeme Lee
861:Robin Gray
851:Jim Gerard
816:Jim Bolger
811:Bill Birch
806:John Banks
801:Rex Austin
770:Ian McLean
656:Fran Wilde
646:Bob Tizard
641:Jim Sutton
621:Noel Scott
586:Mike Moore
551:Judy Keall
531:Ann Hercus
506:Jack Elder
358:Fran Wilde
331:homophobia
319:Venn Young
308:Parliament
266:Background
233:consensual
153:Introduced
147:Fran Wilde
75:1986 No 33
50:Long title
1912:Takatāpui
1907:GayNZ.com
1702:1 October
1182:gave his
1142:Keith Hay
1096:Aftermath
906:Jim McLay
871:Doug Kidd
836:Paul East
521:Phil Goff
407:Present (
401:Voted for
109:Commenced
1805:Marriage
1783:Act 2004
1668:Archived
1602:(2012).
1470:Archived
1416:(2008).
1195:See also
1140:such as
751:National
315:National
240:anal sex
71:Citation
1857:KG Club
1839:History
1827:Inquiry
1497:31 July
1476:31 July
1016:Totals
414:Absent
409:Speaker
380:Passage
271:Buggery
212:Status:
1658:
1424:
1325:1 News
1128:Debate
422:Labour
354:Labour
91:Passed
1379:Stuff
1083:in a
753:(38)
424:(55)
398:Party
224:is a
135:title
1704:2015
1656:ISBN
1634:2013
1499:2023
1478:2023
1422:ISBN
1386:2023
1360:2023
1333:2023
981:(2)
338:AIDS
220:The
133:Bill
1108:to
1022:44
1019:49
356:MP
317:MP
1991::
1680:,
1622:.
1589:.
1570:.
1468:.
1462:.
1377:.
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1322:.
1286:^
1272:^
1250:^
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1104:.
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1087:.
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733:1
717:1
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411:)
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