157:, meaning a towed boat, which would be consistent with the use of the hulk as a river barge. The word hulk also has a medieval meaning of "hollowed-out" or "husk-like" which is also apposite for the shape of the basic hulk. It is not clear when the hulk first appeared in medieval Europe. There is a lack of archaeological evidence because no wreck except possibly one from the 14th century and unconfirmed, has been found. The only evidence of hulks comes from iconography of ships scholars believe to be hulks and medieval documentation of trade and regulations. It is commonly accepted by scholars that the hulk originated in the European Low Countries as a river vessel. It is worth noting, however, that a conclusive origin point for the hulk is not known. References to hulks in
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287:, one of the ships has been identified as a hulk due to the presence of a second mast mounting, a flat bottomed hull and plank structures previously believed to have been introduced over a century later. It was built in Scandinavia around 1360 and measured 24.5 metres in length, 9 metres in beam and 4 metres in height. This would make the ship a contemporary of the armed
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planking at the sheer strake and planking down to the keel. A hulk had two castles, one at the bow and one at the stern. Hulks went through two forms of rudder design. Earlier depictions showed hulks with a starboard quarter-rudder, while later depictions had median rudders. The overall design of the
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Because of their widespread use by the
Hanseatic League and English documents regarding trade, it is accepted by scholars that the hulk was predominantly a cargo vessel. It is also possible that hulks served as warships. The use of the median rudder as well as oars as depicted in some illuminated
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had adopted the hulk as their main vessel, capable of rivaling the cog's carrying capacity. Whether this was a consequence of a perception of the cog's shortcomings or a result of a shift in the economic geography of
Northern Europe towards the Dutch Low Countries is not easy to discern. By the
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with the tax tied to the amount of goods. By the fourteenth century, English regulations imposed greater taxes on hulks than other vessels meaning that they were carrying more cargo than other vessels. This points to an increase in the hull size of hulks. It was by the fourteenth century that the
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used mostly for transports. The hulk appears to have remained a relatively minor type of sailing ship apparently peculiar to the Low
Countries of Europe where it was probably used primarily as a river or canal boat, with limited potential for coastal cruising. The only evidence of hulks is from
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hulk appears to borrow or build on earlier shipbuilding traditions. The single mast with a square sail and the use of a quarter rudder appear to be borrowed from Viking vessels while the shape of the keel is similar to that of cogs. The weakest part of an enlarged hulk would be its
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Hulks were depicted with a single mast at the amidship that was commonly depicted with a square sail. The hull was constructed using reverse-clinker planking which involves starting
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legal documents and iconography, though it is possible that a shipwreck found on the coast of
Estonia in early 2022 might be the only known surviving example of a hulk.
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Town seal of New
Shoreham (1295) - a seal that depicts a ship resembling a hulk with a single centered mast, two castles on either end, and reverse-clinker planking.
295:, wrecked in 1368 off the coast of Finland. Artefacts retrieved from the Tallinn ship include shoes, spoons, tools, weapons, a compass, and the remains of two
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planking could be sandwiched. Using these techniques, perhaps better understood as a result of technological transfers from architectural woodworking,
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manuscripts would make the hulk more maneuverable than the cog, and the larger vessel could provide a better platform for fighting.
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that depicts Henry I in a hulk ship. This chronicle is meant to show the dreams of Henry I.
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were able to extend the hulk in size until it rivaled and surpassed the cog.
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Unger, Richard W. (1981). "Warships and Cargo Ships in
Medieval Europe".
405:(Paperback, with corrections ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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date from 1000 C.E. Hulks had fewer taxes levied on them than keels and
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The safeguard of the sea: a naval history of
Britain, Vol.1, 660-1649
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483:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
603:Greenhill, Basil (2000). The Mysterious Hulc.
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270:Seal of the Admiralty Court of Bristol (1446)
556:Medieval shipwreck confounds archaeologists
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359:Ships and shipping in medieval manuscripts
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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260:Holkhan Bible Picture Book (c. 1327-35)
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
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49:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
1886:Norfolk punt
1764:Mast aft rig
1673:Herring buss
1597:West Country
1519:Sloop-of-war
1374:
1370:
1304:Crommesteven
1196:
797:sailing rigs
771:Mast aft rig
719:Sailing rigs
679:vessels and
611:
604:
584:
573:
567:History blog
562:
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534:Estonia news
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332:. Retrieved
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237:
236:A page from
222:
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159:Aethelred II
154:
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133:
131:
116:
110:January 2019
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1881:Mersey flat
1859:Other types
1648:Barca-longa
1550:Down Easter
1187:Bomb vessel
1139:K'un-lun po
1117:Quadriremes
1102:Penteconter
989:Quadrimaran
810:Barquentine
726:Bermuda rig
695:Age of Sail
218:shipwrights
210:breasthooks
202:stern posts
25:unseaworthy
21:hulk (ship)
1963:Tall ships
1958:Ship types
1952:Categories
1845:Treenailed
1825:Lashed lug
1820:Inflatable
1799:Windsurfer
1784:Sportsboat
1733:Well smack
1602:Windjammer
1529:Trincadour
1499:Padewakang
1349:Man-of-war
1288:Trabaccolo
1227:Malangbang
1029:Vaka katea
979:Pentamaran
820:Brigantine
781:Square rig
776:Pinisi rig
756:Lateen rig
746:Gunter rig
710:Navigation
622:, page 63.
334:2023-05-04
307:References
80:newspapers
1840:Tall ship
1668:Gableboat
1582:Leti leti
1572:Janggolan
1504:Post ship
1375:de armada
1364:Speronara
1092:Fire ship
1024:Va'a-tele
949:Kora kora
914:Catamaran
880:Multihull
786:Tanja rig
731:Crab claw
688:Overviews
675:Types of
421:852159352
377:263993576
1794:Wharrams
1713:Sixareen
1708:Nordland
1703:Patorani
1489:Gundalow
1474:Gallivat
1459:Chialoup
1454:Bilander
1403:Corvette
1319:Galleass
1278:Lancaran
1237:Tongkang
1222:Longship
1172:Balinger
1072:Balangay
1019:Ungalawa
1014:Trimaran
1009:Tongiaki
1004:Tipairua
855:Schooner
751:Junk rig
741:Gaff rig
1930:Related
1728:Tartane
1678:Jangada
1658:Felucca
1653:Falkuša
1611:20th c.
1565:Warship
1555:Golekan
1538:19th c.
1464:Clipper
1447:18th c.
1433:Polacca
1413:Frigate
1391:17th c.
1359:Patache
1354:Manchua
1329:Flyboat
1314:Galleon
1297:16th c.
1268:Caravel
1258:Carrack
1251:15th c.
1217:Kondura
1182:Birlinn
1112:Trireme
1064:Ancient
999:Tepukei
954:Lakatoi
944:Karakoa
924:Guilalo
909:Camakau
894:Amatasi
882:vessels
850:Mistico
825:Catboat
766:Lug rig
677:sailing
459:3104899
301:sandbar
281:Tallinn
189:clinker
177:caravel
163:England
149:History
94:scholar
1921:Wherry
1896:Pausik
1754:Dinghy
1698:Mayang
1693:Masula
1688:Lugger
1683:Jukung
1587:Palari
1509:74-gun
1494:Lanong
1418:Galeas
1344:Lorcha
1309:Galiot
1273:Ghurab
1232:Shitik
1177:Benawa
1127:Dromon
1107:Bireme
1097:Galley
959:Lanong
929:Jukung
899:Baurua
830:Cutter
805:Barque
618:
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365:
257:(1240)
206:aprons
155:holkas
96:
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1876:Fusta
1830:Razee
1804:Yacht
1723:Smack
1718:Sgoth
1663:Fifie
1638:Bagan
1592:Tamar
1577:Lambo
1479:Garay
1382:Xebec
1371:round
1334:Fluyt
1324:Ghali
1242:Zabra
1207:Knarr
1149:Mtepe
1077:Boita
1034:Vinta
994:Takia
974:Paraw
939:Kalia
904:Bigiw
889:ʻalia
860:Sloop
845:Ketch
499:98186
455:JSTOR
328:Forte
291:hulk
198:stern
136:(or "
101:JSTOR
87:books
23:, an
1911:Scow
1906:Pram
1850:ULDB
1835:Sewn
1738:Yoal
1643:Bago
1524:Toop
1484:Grab
1428:Pink
1423:Koff
1212:Koch
1202:Jong
1197:Hulk
1144:Lepa
1134:Junk
1087:Dhow
984:Proa
969:Pahi
934:Kaep
919:Drua
870:Yawl
865:Snow
815:Brig
681:rigs
616:ISBN
495:OCLC
485:ISBN
417:OCLC
407:ISBN
373:OCLC
363:ISBN
297:rats
285:cogs
214:hull
208:and
196:and
194:stem
167:cogs
138:holk
134:hulk
73:news
1373:or
1283:Hoy
1192:Cog
1154:Uru
795:By
447:doi
56:by
1954::
1039:Wa
493:.
467:^
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