Empire of Japan - Knowledge

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liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed to the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust. ... I sent all four of our occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fully justified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race.

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33,000 strong allied expeditionary force. Japanese troops involved in the fighting had acquitted themselves well, although a British military observer felt their aggressiveness, densely-packed formations, and over-willingness to attack cost them excessive and disproportionate casualties. For example, during the Tianjin fighting, the Japanese suffered more than half of the allied casualties (400 out of 730) but comprised less than one quarter (3,800) of the force of 17,000. Similarly at Beijing, the Japanese accounted for almost two-thirds of the losses (280 of 453) even though they constituted slightly less than half of the assault force.

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into the political parties, but this was offset by the return of huge numbers of formerly purged conservative politicians to national as well as local politics in the early 1950s. In the bureaucracy, the purge was negligible from the outset. ... In the economic sector, the purge similarly was only mildly disruptive, affecting less than sixteen hundred individuals spread among some four hundred companies. Everywhere one looks, the corridors of power in postwar Japan are crowded with men whose talents had already been recognized during the war years, and who found the same talents highly prized in the 'new' Japan.

187: 5882: 4499:, was known as "Shōwa Statism". There has been a debate among historians over defining the political system of Japan as a dictatorship and its resemblance to European Fascism: the arguments in favour of this view were "the subordination of both country and society to militarism, control by a rigid style of leadership exercising authoritarian discipline, and the most brutal treatment of occupied areas", but it was noted that the Japanese far-right organizations lacked a mass movement similar to the mass Fascist movement in Europe, and some pluralism continued to exist even during the World War II: 8588: 18817: 18805: 4568: 91: 18963: 18951: 18939: 18927: 18915: 18903: 18891: 18878: 18865: 18853: 18841: 18720: 18708: 18648: 5106: 18829: 7624: 7607: 7590: 7561: 7550: 7527: 7519: 7472: 7398: 7273: 7250: 7059: 6958: 6947: 6930: 6913: 6896: 6852: 6802: 6713: 8600: 5906: 6572: 4162: 874: 913: 4068:". The public grew disillusioned with the growing national debt and the new election laws, which retained the old minimum tax qualifications for voters. Calls were raised for universal suffrage and the dismantling of the old political party network. Students, university professors, and journalists, bolstered by labor unions and inspired by a variety of democratic, socialist, communist, anarchist, and other thoughts, mounted large but orderly public demonstrations in favor of universal male suffrage in 1919 and 1920. 6592: 3088: 17941: 6514: 105: 986: 3209: 3405: 11485: 2509: 18684: 6467: 6421: 6351: 4178: 3566: 2586: 3545: 5851: 8633: 18756: 18768: 5167: 4428: 18636: 3816: 2952: 4677: 18744: 4219: 18672: 18660: 4516:, was "little more than a bureaucratic fiction"; as historians noted, the ideological base for Japanese "was traditional, even if the methods of communication and control were modern and European", and that the traditional society of Japan was "to a large degree differential", while its institutions remained too elitist and conservative to follow such practices as a "democratic mass mobilization" characteristic of totalitarianism. 5327: 4461:). Launched by the ultranationalist Kōdōha faction with the military, it ultimately failed due to the intervention of the Emperor. Kōdōha members were purged from the top military positions and the Tōseiha faction gained dominance. However, both factions believed in expansionism, a strong military, and a coming war. Furthermore, Kōdōha members, while removed from the military, still had political influence within the government. 4053: 2627: 8619: 888: 927: 11286: 2886:, while others lost their lives. After Japan was opened to foreign powers in 1853, many Christian clergymen were sent from Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox churches, though proselytism was still banned. Only after the Meiji Restoration, was Christianity re-established in Japan. Freedom of religion was introduced in 1871, giving all Christian communities the right to legal existence and preaching. 4601:) looked towards great future expansion. Their main concern was a shortage of raw materials. Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe combined social concerns with the needs of capital, and planned for expansion. Their economic growth was stimulated by certain domestic policies and it can be seen in the steady and progressive increase of materials such as in the iron, steel and chemical industry. 4616:, just as in many other countries, hindered Japan's economic growth. The Japanese Empire's main problem lay in that rapid industrial expansion had turned the country into a major manufacturing and industrial power that required raw materials; however, these had to be obtained from overseas, as there was a critical lack of natural resources on the home islands. 3131:

ancient form of government. ... In consideration of the progressive tendency of the course of human affairs and in parallel with the advance of civilization, We deem it expedient, in order to give clearness and distinctness to the instructions bequeathed by the Imperial Founder of Our House and by Our other Imperial Ancestors, to establish fundamental laws. ...

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Military Shogunate. In such a government the Emperor would once more be a figurehead (as in the Edo period). Real power would fall to a leader very similar to a führer or duce, though with the power less nakedly held. On the other hand, the traditionalist Navy militarists defended the Emperor and a constitutional monarchy with a significant religious aspect.

4764:, but the newly established Manchukuo was open to immigration of Asians. Japan had an emigration plan to encourage colonization; the Japanese population in Manchuria subsequently grew to 850,000. With rich natural resources and labor force in Manchuria, army-owned corporations turned Manchuria into a solid material support machine of the Japanese Army. 3516:

1900, the 5th Infantry Division was alerted for possible deployment to China, but no timetable was set for this. Two days later, with more ground troops urgently needed to lift the siege of the foreign legations at Peking, the British ambassador offered the Japanese government one million British pounds in exchange for Japanese participation.

4821:", Japanese troops killed many tens-of-thousands of people associated with the defending garrison. It is estimated that as many as 200,000 to 300,000 including civilians, may have been killed, although the actual numbers are uncertain and possibly inflated—coupled with the fact that the government of the 5409:

in 1943 put the Empire of Japan on the defensive for the remainder of the war, with Guadalcanal in particular sapping their already-limited oil supplies. During 1943 and 1944, Allied forces, backed by the industrial might and vast raw material resources of the United States, advanced steadily towards

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Even as they launched the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese were well aware that the United States had the capability to mount a counter-offensive against them. However, they believed that they could maintain their defensive perimeter and push back any attempt by the British and Americans

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On November 5, 1941, Yamamoto in his "Top Secret Operation Order no. 1" issued to the Combined Fleet, the Empire of Japan must drive out Britain and America from Greater East Asia and to hasten the settlement of the China, whereas should the eventuality that Britain and America would really be driven

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was repeatedly censored because of its positions against the war and the Emperor. Shigeo Iwanami was even sentenced to two months in prison for the publication of the banned works of Tsuda Sōkichi (a sentence which he did not serve, however). Shortly before his death in 1946, he founded the newspaper

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was not rooted deeply enough to withstand the economic and political pressures of the 1930s, during which military leaders became increasingly influential. These shifts in power were made possible by the ambiguity and imprecision of the Meiji Constitution, particularly as regarded the position of the

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in 1914, seizing the opportunity of Germany's distraction with the European War to expand its sphere of influence in China and the Pacific. Japan declared war on Germany on August 23, 1914. Japanese and allied British Empire forces soon moved to occupy Tsingtao fortress, the German East Asia Squadron

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on July 14, after which the allies consolidated and awaited the remainder of the 5th Division and other coalition reinforcements. By the time the siege of legations was lifted on August 14, 1900, the Japanese force of 13,000 was the largest single contingent and made up about 40% of the approximately

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on June 12. The Qing government turned down Japan's suggestion for Japan and China to cooperate to reform the Korean government. When Korea demanded that Japan withdraw its troops from Korea, the Japanese refused. In early June 1894, the 8,000 Japanese troops captured the Korean king Gojong, occupied

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ended. Losing the protection of the Japanese government which Buddhism had enjoyed for centuries, Buddhist monks faced radical difficulties in sustaining their institutions, but their activities also became less restrained by governmental policies and restrictions. As social conflicts emerged in this

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resigned from his post and authorities to the emperor, agreeing to "be the instrument for carrying out" imperial orders, leading to the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. However, while Yoshinobu's resignation had created a nominal void at the highest level of government, his apparatus of state continued

2724:", and "An Outline of a Theory of Civilization", which detailed Western society and his own philosophies. In the Meiji Restoration period, military and economic power was emphasized. Military strength became the means for national development and stability. Imperial Japan became the only non-Western 3988:

agreed to send 12,000 troops but under the Japanese command rather than as part of an international coalition. The Japanese had several hidden motives for the venture, which included an intense hostility and fear of communism; a determination to recoup historical losses to Russia; and the desire to

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Shortly afterward, advance units of the 5th Division departed for China, bringing Japanese strength to 3,800 personnel out of the 17,000 of allied forces. The commander of the 5th Division, Lt. General Yamaguchi Motoomi, had taken operational control from Fukushima. Japanese troops were involved in

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calculated that the advantages of participating in an allied coalition were too attractive to ignore. Prime Minister Yamagata agreed, but others in the cabinet demanded that there be guarantees from the British in return for the risks and costs of the major deployment of Japanese troops. On July 6,

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Emperor Ogimachi issued edicts to ban Catholicism in 1565 and 1568, but to little effect. Beginning in 1587 with imperial regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ban on Jesuit missionaries, Christianity was repressed as a threat to national unity. Under Hideyoshi and the succeeding Tokugawa shogunate, Catholic

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in 1871. The mission traveled the world in order to renegotiate the unequal treaties with the United States and European countries that Japan had been forced into during the Tokugawa shogunate, and to gather information on western social and economic systems, in order to effect the modernization of

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realm, integrating semi-autonomous domain states into a unified political community." "Rather than restore an ancient (and probably imaginary) center-periphery order, the Meiji Restoration hastened the creation of a new and unambiguously centralized and modern nation-state. Within a few decades of

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In retrospect, apart from the military officer corps, the purge of alleged militarists and ultranationalists that was conducted under the Occupation had relatively small impact on the long-term composition of men of influence in the public and private sectors. The purge initially brought new blood

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The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated to the supremacy of individual

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on December 7, 1941. As a result, the U.S. battleship fleet was decimated and almost 2,500 people died in the attack that day. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan to establish its long-planned South East Asian empire and defensible buffer

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In the 1920s and 1930s, Japan needed to import raw materials such as iron, rubber, and oil to maintain strong economic growth. Most of these resources came from the United States. The Japanese felt that acquiring resource-rich territories would establish economic self-sufficiency and independence,

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Originally, in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Ryojun had been given to Japan. This part of the treaty was overruled by Western powers, which gave the port to the Russian Empire, furthering Russian interests in the region. These interests came into conflict with Japanese interests. The war began with a

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We, the Successor to the prosperous Throne of Our Predecessors, do humbly and solemnly swear to the Imperial Founder of Our House and to Our other Imperial Ancestors that, in pursuance of a great policy co-extensive with the Heavens and with the Earth, We shall maintain and secure from decline the

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was fought between January 1868 and May 1869. The alliance of samurai from southern and western domains and court officials had now secured the cooperation of the young Emperor Meiji, who ordered the dissolution of the two-hundred-year-old Tokugawa shogunate. Tokugawa Yoshinobu launched a military

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The main goals of Japan's expansionism were acquisition and protection of spheres of influence, maintenance of territorial integrity, acquisition of raw materials, and access to Asian markets. Western nations, notably the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, had for long exhibited great

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On January 17, 1868, Yoshinobu declared "that he would not be bound by the proclamation of the Restoration and called on the court to rescind it". On January 24, Yoshinobu decided to prepare an attack on Kyoto, occupied by Satsuma and Chōshū forces. This decision was prompted by his learning of a

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island, and a real, imminent threat of Soviet invasion of the home islands of Japan. This was a significant factor for some internal parties in the Japanese decision to surrender to the US and gain some protection, rather than face simultaneous Soviet invasion as well as defeat by the US and its

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as Prime Minister of Japan continued democratic reforms that had been advocated by influential individuals on the left. This culminated in the passage of universal male suffrage in March 1925. This bill gave all male subjects over the age of 25 the right to vote, provided they had lived in their

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The continued Japanese presence concerned the United States, which suspected that Japan had territorial designs on Siberia and the Russian Far East. Subjected to intense diplomatic pressure by the United States and United Kingdom, and facing increasing domestic opposition due to the economic and

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was a decisive victory in which a combined army from Chōshū, Tosa, and Satsuma domains defeated the Tokugawa army. A series of battles were then fought in pursuit of supporters of the Shogunate; Edo surrendered to the Imperial forces and afterward, Yoshinobu personally surrendered. Yoshinobu was

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states: "The Meiji government had from the first incorporated, and in a sense created, Shinto, and utilized its tales of the divine origin of the ruling house as the core of its ritual addressed to ancestors 'of ages past'. As the Japanese empire grew the affirmation of a divine mission for the

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followed after the war, largely spearheaded by US Army General Douglas MacArthur to revise the Japanese constitution and democratized the nation. The Allied occupation, including concurrent economic and political assistance, continued until 1952. Allied forces ordered Japan to abolish the Meiji

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The rise of Japan to a world power during the past 80 years is the greatest miracle in world history. The mighty empires of antiquity, the major political institutions of the Middle Ages and the early modern era, the Spanish Empire, the British Empire, all needed centuries to achieve their full

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became its contemporary equivalent, with the implicit message that the Army doctrine of close combat would prevail. The final objective, as envisioned by Army thinkers such as Sadao Araki and right-wing line followers, was a return to the old Shogunate system, but in the form of a contemporary

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Despite the political realignments and hope for more orderly government, domestic economic crises plagued whichever party held power. Fiscal austerity programs and appeals for public support of such conservative government policies as the Peace Preservation Law—including reminders of the moral

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, various Western countries actively competed for influence, trade, and territory in East Asia, and Japan sought to join these modern colonial powers. The newly modernised Meiji government of Japan turned to Korea (under the Joseon dynasty), then in the

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in Tokyo had become aware of the worsening conditions in China and had drafted ambitious contingency plans, but in the wake of the Triple Intervention five years before, the government refused to deploy large numbers of troops unless requested by the western powers. However three days later, a

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in 1853, resulted in a number of edicts intended to 'modernise' the appearance of upper class Japanese men. With the Dampatsurei Edict of 1871 issued by Emperor Meiji during the early Meiji Era, men of the samurai classes were forced to cut their hair short, effectively abandoning the chonmage

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interest in the commercial opportunities in China and other parts of Asia. These opportunities had attracted Western investment because of the availability of raw materials for both domestic production and re-export to Asia. Japan desired these opportunities in planning the development of the

2984:, China, but others have followed in his footsteps. There was a burst of growth of Christianity in the late 19th century when Japan re-opened its doors to the West. Protestant church growth slowed dramatically in the early 20th century under the influence of the military government during the 3600:

was a conflict for control of Korea and parts of Manchuria between the Russian Empire and Empire of Japan that took place from 1904 to 1905. The victory greatly raised Japan's stature in the world of global politics. The war is marked by the Japanese opposition of Russian interests in Korea,

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prohibited insults against the Emperor and his Imperial House, and also against some major Shinto shrines which were believed to be tied strongly to the Emperor. The government strengthened its control over religious institutions that were considered to undermine State Shinto or nationalism.

2815:). However, the elimination of their economic monopolies over certain occupations actually led to a decline in their general living standards, while social discrimination simply continued. For example, the ban on the consumption of meat from livestock was lifted in 1871, and many former 18607: 4620:

and they also hoped to jump-start the nation's economy in the midst of the depression. As a result, Japan set its sights on East Asia, specifically Manchuria with its many resources; Japan needed these resources to continue its economic development and maintain national integrity.

5394:, the first decisive defeat for the Imperial Japanese Navy. It proved to be the turning point of the war as the Navy lost its offensive strategic capability and never managed to reconstruct the "'critical mass' of both large numbers of carriers and well-trained air groups". 8733:

Japanese race was emphasized more strongly. Shinto was imposed on colonial lands in Taiwan and Korea, and public funds were utilized to build and maintain new shrines there. Shinto priests were attached to army units as chaplains, and the cult of war dead, enshrined at the

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In 1900, Japan joined an international military coalition set up in response to the Boxer Rebellion in the Qing Empire of China. Japan provided the largest contingent of troops: 20,840, as well as 18 warships. Of the total, 20,300 were Imperial Japanese Army troops of the

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such as scrap metal and oil, which were vitally needed for the war effort. The Japanese were faced with the option of either withdrawing from China and losing face or seizing and securing new sources of raw materials in the resource-rich, European-controlled colonies of

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with additional rapid strategic victories. The Japanese Command reasoned that only decisive destruction of the United States' Pacific Fleet and conquest of its remote outposts would ensure that the Japanese Empire would not be overwhelmed by America's industrial might.

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Samurai were allowed to work in any occupation they wanted. Admission to universities was determined based on examination results. The government also recruited more than 3,000 Westerners to teach modern science, mathematics, technology, and foreign languages in Japan

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as the first person elected from a colonial background. In 1935, democracy was introduced in Taiwan and in response to Taiwanese public opinion, local assemblies were established. In 1942, 38 colonial people were elected to local assemblies of the Japanese homeland.

3047:, tens of thousands of Japanese Buddhist religious idols and temples were smashed and destroyed. Many statues still lie in ruins. Replica temples were rebuilt with concrete. Japan then closed and shut done tens of thousands of traditional old Shinto shrines in the 3007:

During the early 20th century, the government was suspicious towards a number of unauthorized religious movements and periodically made attempts to suppress them. Government suppression was especially severe from the 1930s until the early 1940s, when the growth of

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Japanese military strategists were keenly aware of the unfavorable discrepancy between the industrial potential of Japan and the United States. Because of this they reasoned that Japanese success hinged on their ability to extend the strategic advantage gained at

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the official beginning of the nation-building project, Tokyo had become the political and economic capital of a state that replaced semi-autonomous domains with newly created prefectures subordinate to central laws and centrally appointed administrators."

18593: 2849:, affecting religious practices and institutions. Conversion from traditional faith was no longer legally forbidden, officials lifted the 250-year ban on Christianity, and missionaries of established Christian churches reentered Japan. The traditional 169: 172: 168: 167: 4512:, since Hirohito couldn't be referred to as a dictator because of being a monarch, and since his authority existed along with party politics, while Hideki Tojo never had an absolute authority and was forced to resign, while the IRAA, according to 3325:, which exerted large influence over the conservative Korean officials who gathered around the royal family of the Joseon kingdom. On February 27, 1876, after several confrontations between Korean isolationists and the Japanese, Japan imposed the 5225:

on December 10, 1941, led to the east coast of Malaya being exposed to Japanese landings and the elimination of British naval power in the area. By the end of January 1942, the last Allied forces crossed the strait of Johore and into Singapore.

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In the administration of Japan dominated by the military political movement during World War II, the civil central government was under the management of military men and their right-wing civilian allies, along with members of the nobility and

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to exist. Moreover, the shogunal government, the Tokugawa family in particular, remained a prominent force in the evolving political order and retained many executive powers, a prospect hard-liners from Satsuma and Chōshū found intolerable.

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was an important figurehead and founder of the Army party and the most important militarist thinker in his time. His first ideological works date from his leadership of the Kōdōha (Imperial Benevolent Rule or Action Group), opposed by the

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near Tianjin. In light of the precarious situation, the British were compelled to ask Japan for additional reinforcements, as the Japanese had the only readily available forces in the region. Britain at the time was heavily engaged in the

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despite the fact that all historians knew Jimmu was a made up figure. In 1941 the Japanese government charged the one historian who dared to challenge Jimmu's existence publicly, Tsuda Sokichi. During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the

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was made public at the enthronement of Emperor Meiji of Japan on April 7, 1868. The Oath outlined the main aims and the course of action to be followed during Emperor Meiji's reign, setting the legal stage for Japan's modernization. The

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by the Red Army. However, the Japanese decided to stay, primarily due to fears of the spread of Communism so close to Japan and Japanese-controlled Korea and Manchuria. The Japanese army provided military support to the Japanese-backed

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Constitutionally. The reign of the Shōwa Emperor in fact continued until 1989 since he did not abdicate after World War II. However, he lost his status as a living god and influence on politics after the 1947 constitution was adopted.

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Japan. Renegotiation of the unequal treaties was universally unsuccessful, but close observation of the American and European systems inspired members on their return to bring about modernization initiatives in Japan. Japan made a

2827:. However, slow-changing social attitudes, especially in the countryside, meant that abattoirs and workers were met with hostility from local residents. Continued ostracism as well as the decline in living standards led to former 4503:

describes Japan as "somewhat pluralistic authoritarian system which exhibited some of the characteristics of fascism, but it did not develop fascism's most distinctive and revolutionary aspects" and had more in common with the

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In the political milieu of the day, there was a proliferation of new parties, including socialist and communist parties. Fear of a broader electorate, left-wing power, and the growing social change led to the passage of the

3470:. On 12 June 1900, the advance of the Seymour Expedition was halted some 50 kilometres (30 mi) from the capital, by mixed Boxer and Chinese regular army forces. The vastly outnumbered allies withdrew to the vicinity of 5114:

out from the Philippines and Dutch East Indies, an independent, self-supporting economic entity will be firmly established – mirroring the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in another personification.

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in the late 19th century in the Meiji restoration by the Japanese people and government in order to modernize and westernize Japan and break from their past feudal era of the Daimyo and Shoguns. It was only due to the

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in Japan that cheap concrete replicas of those castles were built for tourists. The vast majority of castles in Japan today are new replicas made out of concrete. In 1959 a concrete keep was built for Nagoya castle.

5865: 5005:. Their objectives were to "establish and maintain a new order of things" in their respective world regions and spheres of influence, with Germany and Italy in Europe, and Japan in Asia. The signatories of this 3340:. The Qing government sent 2,800 troops to Korea. The Japanese countered by sending an 8,000-troop expeditionary force (the Oshima Composite Brigade) to Korea. The first 400 troops arrived on June 9 en route to 5257:

in the face of Japanese advance. This marked one of the worst defeats suffered by the Americans, leaving over 70,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war in the custody of the Japanese. On February 15, 1942,

3625:. While the ground war did not fare as poorly for the Russians, the Japanese forces were significantly more aggressive than their Russian counterparts and gained a political advantage that culminated with the 5717:

were fully responsible for protecting Japan from external threats. Japan only had a minor police force for domestic security. Japan was under the sole control of the United States. This was the only time in

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On January 11, 1942, a Japanese submarine shelled the United States naval Station at Pago Pago in Samoa, suggesting that the Japanese were advancing to the direction of Australia and nearby Oceanic regions.

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Christianity was repressed and adherents were persecuted. After the Tokugawa shogunate banned Christianity in 1620, it ceased to exist publicly. Many Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians

5310:. However, Allied sabotage had made it difficult for the Japanese to restore oil production to its pre-war peak. The Japanese then consolidated their lines of supply through capturing key islands of the 8676: 4438:

From September 1931, the Japanese were becoming more locked into the course that would lead them into the Second World War, with Araki leading the way. Increasing authoritarianism, ultranationalism,

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in Seoul and, by June 25, installed a puppet government in Seoul. The new pro-Japanese Korean government granted Japan the right to expel Qing forces while Japan dispatched more troops to Korea.

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was to be deployed to northern China. Fukushima was chosen because he spoke fluent English which enabled him to communicate with the British commander. The force landed near Tianjin on July 5.

3141:, after the 1889 signing of Constitution of the Empire of Japan. The constitution formalized much of the Empire's political structure and gave many responsibilities and powers to the Emperor. 6571: 5514:

raid on Tokyo on the night of March 9–10, 1945, led to the deaths of approximately 120,000 civilians. Approximately 350,000–500,000 civilians died in 67 Japanese cities as a result of the

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in his proposal for the Imperial Diet Building (present National Diet Building) in 1920 – although his proposal was ultimately rejected. Outside of the Japanese mainland, in places like

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For the sake of their own people and nation, Prime Minister Konoe formed the Taisei Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association) on October 12, 1940, as a ruling party in Japan.

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campaign to seize the emperor's court in Kyoto. However, the tide rapidly turned in favor of the smaller but relatively modernized imperial faction and resulted in defections of many

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withdrew the Japanese forces in October 1922. Japanese casualties from the expedition were 5,000 dead from combat or illness, with the expedition costing over 900 million yen.

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By 1944, the Allies had seized or bypassed and neutralized many of Japan's strategic bases through amphibious landings and bombardment. This, coupled with the losses inflicted by

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in 20th century, Sokichi Tsuda's view of history, which has become mainstream after the World War II, is based on his idea. Many scholars today also believe that the mythology of

10850: 18712: 14084: 12499: 3929: 5534:. These bombings were the first and only combat use of nuclear weaponry. These two bombs killed approximately 120,000 people in a matter of seconds, and as many as a result of 4064:

The two-party political system that had been developing in Japan since the turn of the century came of age after World War I, giving rise to the nickname for the period, "

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Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them, according to the provisions of the present Constitution.

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General MacArthur later commended the new Japanese government that he helped establish and the new Japanese period when he was about to send the American forces to the

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employed encircling tactics that made skillful use of superior artillery, armor, and air forces; this offensive nearly annihilated the 23rd Division and decimated the

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In June 1920, around 450 Japanese civilians and 350 Japanese soldiers, along with Russian White Army supporters, were massacred by partisan forces associated with the

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on Japanese shipping routes, began to strangle Japan's economy and undermine its ability to supply its army. By early 1945, the US Marines had wrested control of the

2399:." Although the shogunate had no intention of enforcing the order, it nevertheless inspired attacks against the shogunate itself and against foreigners in Japan. The 164: 17863: 15881: 14166: 12494: 4508:

during the World War I than with the Third Reich. It was also noted that this political system lacked the figure of a single person with an absolute authority and a

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The state was being transformed to serve the Army and the Emperor. Symbolic katana swords came back into fashion as the martial embodiment of these beliefs, and the

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In July 1918, President Wilson asked the Japanese government to supply 7,000 troops as part of an international coalition of 25,000 troops planned to support the

15804: 15776: 14920: 14245: 11895: 4833:. The Second Sino-Japanese War continued into World War II with the Communists and Nationalists in a temporary and uneasy nominal alliance against the Japanese. 2206:

The historical state is frequently referred to as the "Empire of Japan", the "Japanese Empire", or "Imperial Japan" in English. In Japanese it is referred to as

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During a recess, Saigō, who had his troops outside, "remarked that it would take only one short sword to settle the discussion". The word used for "dagger" was

19114: 18393: 17842: 16521: 16208: 15342: 14273: 12787: 5905: 2705:, both of which were characteristic of the samurai class, which was abolished together with the caste system. This would later bring the Meiji government into 10728: 5065:

and State Shinto ideology believed them to be) but rather propagandistic myths concocted to explain and legitimize the rule of the imperial dynasty, also saw

4446:

were to become the rule, with fewer voices able to speak against it. In a September 23 news conference, Araki first mentioned the philosophy of "Kōdōha" (The

18442: 16824: 16187: 15496: 15121: 14461: 14188: 13880: 12845: 10694:

Wilbanks, Bob (2004). Last Man Out. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. pp. 45, 53, 56, 68–69, 80–81, 84–85, 92, 98–99, 100, 102, 106–107.

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The Empire of Japan's military was divided into two main branches: the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. To coordinate operations, the

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campaign on Japan. Concurrent with these attacks, Japan's vital coastal shipping operations were severely hampered with extensive aerial mining by the US's

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administered the country. In 1947, through Allied efforts, a new Japan's constitution was enacted, officially ending the Japanese Empire and forming modern

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has never undertaken a full accounting of the massacre. In total, an estimated 20 million Chinese, mostly civilians, were killed during World War II.

4740:, a Chinese territory bordering Manchukuo, was later also taken in 1933. This puppet regime had to carry on a protracted pacification campaign against the 3052: 2052:, often regarded as the fastest modernization of any country to date. All of these aspects contributed to Japan's emergence as a great power following the 6513: 4023:; the United States and its allied coalition partners consequently withdrew from Vladivostok after the capture and execution of White Army leader Admiral 19109: 16294: 15790: 15406: 14476: 14231: 12383: 8691: 4696:

In 1931, Japan invaded and conquered Northeast China (Manchuria) with little resistance. Japan claimed that this invasion was a liberation of the local

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After sending observers to the United States, the Empire of Japan initially copied the decentralized American system with no central bank. In 1871, the

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In the 1860s, Japan began to experience great social turmoil and rapid modernization. The feudal caste system in Japan formally ended in 1869 with the

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Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese launched offensives against Allied forces in East and Southeast Asia, with simultaneous attacks in

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was conducted, where 5,650 to 18,000 Filipinos died under the rule of the imperial army. In May 1942, failure to decisively defeat the Allies at the

5158:

that could incur enough losses to make the Allied forces consider making peace on the basis of Japan's retainment of the territories she had gained.

4756:), which was also predominantly Chinese as a result of recent Han immigration to the area. At that time, East Asians were banned from immigration to 4075:. The death toll was estimated to have exceeded to 140,000 lives lost. On the same day, the Imperial Japanese Army and its nationalists committed a 18833: 15480: 14860: 12529: 5977: 4450:). The concept of Kodo linked the Emperor, the people, land, and morality as indivisible. This led to the creation of a "new" Shinto and increased 5545:, the US, the UK, and the USSR had agreed that the USSR would enter the war on Japan within three months of the defeat of Germany in Europe. This 5117:

Facing an oil embargo by the United States as well as dwindling domestic reserves, the Japanese government decided to execute a plan developed by

3532:

with China, which permitted them to station troops on Chinese soil to protect their citizens. After the treaty, Russia continued to occupy all of

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was a factor in the US decision to demonstrate the use of atomic weapons to the USSR, just as the Allied victory in Europe was evolving into the

2135:

led to the eventual loss of many of Japan's Oceanian island possessions in the following three years. Eventually, the American military captured

3446:

At the beginning of the Boxer Rebellion the Japanese only had 215 troops in northern China stationed at Tientsin; nearly all of them were naval

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electoral districts for at least one year and were not homeless. The electorate thereby increased from 3.3 million to 12.5 million.

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in the following weeks, months and years. The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945.

4539:

styled buildings; and can have a centrally elevated structure with a pyramidal dome. The prototype for this style was developed by architect

18433: 16243: 10079: 5522:. Regardless, these efforts did not succeed in persuading the Japanese military to surrender. In mid-August 1945, the United States dropped 18845: 18724: 18547: 18525: 16621: 16477: 16461: 16433: 15681: 14888: 14216: 14146: 13785: 13004: 12915: 12401: 3966: 3949: 18574: 8563: 3329:, forcing Korea open to Japanese trade. The act blocked any other power from dominating Korea, resolving to end the centuries-old Chinese 19054: 17378: 16445: 16357: 16301: 16264: 15546: 14240: 13138: 12592: 12534: 11915: 11846: 5013:. The pact also called for mutual protection—if any one of the member powers was attacked by a country not already at war, excluding the 3148:

Article 2. The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.

1202: 3099:

The idea of a written constitution had been a subject of heated debate within and outside of the government since the beginnings of the

2712:

Several writers, under the constant threat of assassination from their political foes, were influential in winning Japanese support for

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Under the Meiji Restoration, the practices of the samurai classes, deemed feudal and unsuitable for modern times following the end of

2748:

strength. Japan's rise has been meteoric. After only 80 years, it is one of the few great powers that determine the fate of the world.

2143:, leaving the Japanese mainland unprotected and without a significant naval defense force. By August 1945, plans had been made for an 17856: 16484: 14874: 14832: 13145: 12249: 11859: 11741: 11369: 5586: 2152: 1476: 5622: 19104: 17705: 15524: 15298: 15061: 14927: 14738: 12797: 11642: 11632: 8696: 4633: 3846: 14466: 9642: 8587: 3894:

proved successful. The German colonial troops surrendered on November 7, 1914, and Japan gained the German holdings. In 1920, the

19124: 19074: 16600: 16397: 15434: 14934: 14846: 14782: 14398: 14236: 14223: 14180: 14089: 13815: 13624: 13531: 13433: 13191: 12838: 10231: 10175: 5234: 4129: 3112: 2838:, the Japanese Meiji government brutally put down revolts by Japanese samurai angry over the legal revocation of the traditional 18314: 11437: 8681: 5430:, the Allies, including the combined United States forces together with the native guerrilla units, recaptured the Philippines. 19049: 18981: 18465: 16803: 16315: 15165: 14703: 14590: 14580: 14448: 12447: 12421: 11142: 9140:

In 1942, at the moment of its greatest extension, the empire encompassed territories spanning over 7,400,000 square kilometers.

5662:. With the formal surrender before, the empire's territory was much reduced to the Japanese archipelago; mostly the islands of 5648: 5506:

bombers in nighttime low altitude incendiary raids, burning Japanese cities in an effort to pulverize Japan's war industry and

5401:

in September 1942, which was the first land defeat suffered by the Japanese in the Pacific. Further victories by the Allies at

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and continued negotiating with Japan for possible peace in Asia, the Imperial Japanese Navy at the same time made its surprise

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as a negative figure, arguing that he was created to serve as the rebellious opposite of the imperial ancestress Amaterasu. A

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Article 7. The Emperor convokes the Imperial Diet, opens, closes and prorogues it, and dissolves the House of Representatives.

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was brought to Japan in the 19th century by St. Nicholas (baptized as Ivan Dmitrievich Kasatkin), who was sent in 1861 by the

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in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United States and its allies placed embargoes on Japan of

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was renewed and expanded in scope twice, in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921. It was officially terminated in 1923.

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Equal-to-the-Apostles St. Nicholas of Japan, Russian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist web-site, Washington D.C.

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zones. The American public saw the attack as barbaric and treacherous and rallied against the Japanese. Four days later,

4902: 4850: 3507:, so a large part of the British army was tied down in South Africa. Further, deploying large numbers of troops from its 1169: 18508: 14522: 9774: 3671:

of China's Qing dynasty. The Japanese government initially sought to separate Korea from Qing and make Korea a Japanese

18676: 18664: 18329: 18282: 18231: 17756: 17625: 17503: 17081: 16796: 16747: 16505: 16060: 15312: 15151: 14999: 14853: 14507: 13797: 13206: 12964: 12086: 12081: 11980: 11920: 11711: 11701: 11392: 10973: 10716: 10058: 9710: 9575:

In 1871 the Dampatsurei edict forced all samurai to cut off their topknots, a traditional source of identity and pride.

9568: 9558: 9286: 8934: 8646: 5427: 4495:, Japan would turn to a form of government that resembled totalitarianism. This unique style of government, similar to 3917:, and international condemnation, Japan withdrew the final group of demands, and treaties were signed in May 1915. The 1326: 1301: 449: 5270:

of British-led military personnel in history. An estimated 80,000 Australian, British and Indian troops were taken as

4145:

platform was committed to the parliamentary system, democratic politics, and world peace. Thereafter, until 1932, the

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The Second Sino-Japanese War had seen tensions rise between Imperial Japan and the United States; events such as the

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In the early twentieth century, a distinctive style of architecture was developed for the empire. Now referred to as

4258: 3795:

was officially part of the Empire of Japan for 35 years, from August 29, 1910, until the formal Japanese rule ended,

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History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume 3: The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931 – April 1942

10336:

Kevin McDowell. Japan in Manchuria: Agricultural Emigration in the Japanese Empire, 1932–1945. University of Arizona

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in 1863. The Tokugawa government agreed to pay an indemnity for Richardson's death. Shelling of foreign shipping in

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This meaning is significant in terms of geography, encompassing Japan, and its surrounding areas. The nomenclature

2010: 1964: 1671: 1384: 740: 591: 15652: 10732: 3902: 3243: 3145:

Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.

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During the 1920s, the whole global economy was dubbed as "a decade of global uncertainty". At the same time, the

4099: 3842: 3499: 3361: 2900:, Hokkaidō as priest to a chapel of the Russian Consulate. St. Nicholas of Japan made his own translation of the 2673:

The Japanese government sent observers to Western countries to observe and learn their practices, and also paid "

2021:, and the empire's territory subsequently shrunk to cover only the Japanese archipelago resembling modern Japan. 1613: 18615: 15822: 15390: 13305: 10711:

Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan Tsuyoshi Hasegawa Belknap Press (October 30, 2006)

9906: 5647:. This new constitution was imposed by the United States under the supervision of MacArthur. MacArthur included 4778: 3993:

in Japan's security, either through the creation of a buffer state or through outright territorial acquisition.

2573:. An expeditionary force was dispatched by the new government and the Ezo Republic forces were overwhelmed. The 19094: 19089: 18513: 17819: 17791: 17669: 17462: 16699: 16150: 16076: 15872: 15243: 14962: 14867: 14752: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14413: 14107: 12759: 12734: 12632: 12489: 12131: 11832: 11602: 11407: 8656: 7991: 6411: 6209: 5784: 5357: 4906: 4749: 4741: 4717: 4667: 4240: 3706: 3630: 3613:. Those elements that attempted escape were defeated by the Japanese navy under Admiral Togo Heihachiro at the 3326: 3313:, fought in 1894 and 1895, revolved around the issue of control and influence over Korea under the rule of the 3239: 2697:." The government also outlawed customs linked to Japan's feudal past, such as publicly displaying and wearing 2108: 2084:

and authoritarianism, and this ideological shift eventually culminated in Japan joining the Axis alliance with

1960: 1766: 1431: 1351: 17: 2762: 1389: 19084: 18869: 18398: 18322: 17879: 17812: 17763: 17694: 17519: 17025: 16976: 16740: 16733: 16336: 16097: 15888: 14941: 14408: 14403: 14367: 14301: 14193: 14039: 13629: 13481: 13019: 12947: 12878: 12647: 12617: 12612: 12416: 11841: 11756: 11746: 11362: 9265:. 4th edition, 2016. p. 364: "There has also been some debate as to whether Japan was even a ‘dictatorship’." 8089: 7847: 7662: 7327: 6057: 5790: 5495: 5183: 4901:. On September 15 an armistice was arranged. Nearly two years later, on April 13, 1941, the parties signed a 4822: 3807:. The 1905 and 1910 treaties were eventually declared "null and void" by both Japan and South Korea in 1965. 3686:

to Japanese citizens and opened three Korean ports to Japanese trade. The rights granted to Japan under this

2980:

translated into Japanese was among the first Protestant literature in Japan. In 1865, McCartee moved back to

2147:, but were shelved after Japan surrendered in the face of a major breakthrough by the Western Allies and the 2089: 1638: 18092: 10432: 10100: 9241: 5426:

was committed by the imperial army against Filipinos in December 1944. In the subsequent months, during the

4786:) in China, on August 13, 1937. Japanese troops are shown passing from Beiping into the Tartar City through 3200:. Both houses opened seats for colonial people as well as Japanese. The Imperial Diet continued until 1947. 3059:

as a political move to link the Meiji restoration to the Kenmu restoration for their new State Shinto cult.

2171:. During this time, the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces were dissolved. It was later replaced by the current 18986: 18931: 18460: 18403: 18369: 17953: 17849: 17224: 17185: 16104: 15939: 15924: 15851: 15830: 15648: 15326: 15112: 15105: 15089: 14800: 14759: 14731: 14357: 13984: 13924: 13821: 13726: 13496: 13282: 12986: 12825: 12724: 12396: 12267: 11721: 11662: 11652: 5590: 5048: 4893:, the Red Army's high command, to develop a plan for a counterstrike against the Japanese. In late August, 4331: 2794: 2156: 1747: 1737: 1681: 1666: 1623: 433: 5142:

of Italy declared war on the United States, merging the separate conflicts. The United States entered the

5047:, which had a great influence in post-war Japanese intellectual circles. The early 20th century historian 4554:

Overall, during the 1920s, Japan changed its direction toward a democratic system of government. However,

4060:

is credited as being the first Japanese party leader and an important force for liberalism in Meiji Japan.

3973:

with Germany. After this, various factions that succeeded the Russian Empire fought amongst themselves in

3648:), as well as many mineral rights in Manchuria. In addition, Russia's defeat cleared the way for Japan to 3511:

would take too much time and weaken internal security there. Overriding personal doubts, Foreign Minister

2523: 90: 18919: 18821: 18455: 18450: 17916: 17240: 17192: 16810: 16782: 16635: 16250: 16229: 15750: 15413: 15319: 14809: 14595: 14032: 14017: 13875: 13827: 13599: 13150: 13024: 12937: 12932: 12701: 12689: 12684: 12071: 11890: 11761: 8140: 5997: 5631: 5582: 3048: 2677:" in a variety of fields to come to Japan to educate the populace. For instance, the judicial system and 1581: 1511: 13211: 10346: 9918: 9729: 9455:, p. 340, notes that one might "describe the Oath in Five Articles as a constitution for all ages". 4334:

were all allied as well. Other organizations and groups related with the government in wartime were the

2858:

last decade of the Edo period, some new religious movements appeared, which were directly influenced by

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Japan adopted a parliamentary-based political system, and the role of the Emperor became symbolic. The

5457: 5371: 5303: 4927: 3369: 3337: 3304: 2554: 2432: 1984: 1718: 1576: 1331: 1190: 440: 221: 37: 10506:"17. Memories Of A Liberal, Liberalism Of Memory: Tsuda Sōkichi And A Few Things He Forgot To Mention" 7727: 6478: 6432: 6362: 5634:. In the foreground are several Allied soldiers watching the proceedings from the back of the balcony. 4326:

and Kokka Shakai Shugi Gakumei (National Socialist League) also had close ties to the government. The

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Article 17. A Regency shall be instituted in conformity with the provisions of the Imperial House Law.

18374: 18274: 18085: 17616: 17533: 17318: 17178: 17150: 16983: 16888: 16678: 16111: 15185: 14839: 14517: 14285: 13869: 13857: 13619: 13604: 13325: 13216: 12910: 12888: 12637: 12627: 12560: 12317: 12312: 12239: 12194: 11985: 11672: 9159:

Taeuber, Irene B.; Beal, Edwin G. (January 1945). "The Demographic Heritage of the Japanese Empire".

8287: 6160: 5503: 5246: 5096: 4671: 4536: 4315: 3887: 3661: 3617:. Following a late start, the Russian Baltic fleet was denied passage through the British-controlled 2620: 2605: 2404: 2396: 2172: 1992: 1980: 1759: 1693: 1676: 1628: 1506: 1461: 1356: 1136: 1098: 969: 217: 18031: 15383: 13471: 12174: 11464: 10372: 10347:"The Unquiet Past Seven decades on from the defeat of Japan, memories of war still divide East Asia" 9587: 4572: 4421: 4379: 4072: 3909:

to aid Allied shipping. Japan sought further to consolidate its position in China by presenting the

3412:. Komura became Minister for Foreign Affairs under the first Katsura administration, and signed the 2081: 1416: 19044: 18748: 18486: 18245: 17355: 17332: 16584: 16385: 16378: 16042: 15702: 15674: 15667: 15054: 14492: 13979: 13969: 13898: 13851: 13839: 13779: 13594: 13589: 13511: 12920: 12893: 12597: 12431: 12214: 12156: 12104: 11726: 11554: 11355: 9030:, p. 334, "One can date the "restoration" of imperial rule from the edict of January 3, 1868." 7242: 6397: 6381: 6029: 5507: 5411: 4955: 4773: 4555: 4363: 4095:

in 1925, which forbade any change in the political structure or the abolition of private property.

3913:

to China in January 1915. In the face of slow negotiations with the Chinese government, widespread

3838: 3614: 3031: 2562: 2517: 2513: 2424: 2175:

in 1954. Reconstruction under the Allied occupation continued until 1952, consolidating the modern

2112: 1880: 1538: 1456: 1421: 1379: 701: 33: 15399: 15376: 5087:

to make people believe that the class was precious because they originated in the heavenly realm.

4855:

In 1938, the Japanese 19th Division entered territory claimed by the Soviet Union, leading to the

3901:

With its Western allies, notably the United Kingdom, heavily involved in the war in Europe, Japan

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surprise attack on the Russian Eastern fleet stationed at Port Arthur, which was followed by the

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was still low due to samurai and their descendants being overrepresented in the new elite class.

3066:

used to look like when they rebuilt it. The rebuilding was originally planned for the Shōwa era.

2893: 2374:

The following years saw increased foreign trade and interaction; commercial treaties between the

2159:. The Pacific War officially came to an end on 2 September 1945, leading to the beginning of the 2132: 2053: 1658: 1481: 1311: 1296: 649: 17972: 13516: 10997:

Ion, Hamish (2014). "The Idea of Naval Imperialism: The China Squadron and the Boxer Uprising".

10946: 10450:

Joseph K. Yamagiwa (September 1955). "Literature and Politics in the Japanese Magazine, Sekai".

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Upon adoption of the 1947 constitution, the Empire of Japan was dissolved and became simply the

4330:(residents committee) groups, the Nation Service Society (national government trade union), and 17469: 17362: 17164: 17115: 17018: 16911: 16881: 16664: 16552: 16278: 16069: 15660: 15641: 15611: 15158: 15128: 14330: 14054: 13989: 13845: 13579: 13506: 13456: 13441: 13423: 13396: 13310: 13277: 12942: 12903: 12883: 12694: 12587: 12204: 11966: 11930: 11906: 11803: 11788: 11637: 11549: 9693:"Nagoya Castle's concrete keep to be demolished and replaced with traditional wooden structure" 9481:

The Meiji Constitution. The Japanese Experience Of The West And The Shaping Of The Modern State

8166:, Hawaii (December 7), prompting the United States to declare war on Japan (December 8). Japan 8163: 8139:

becomes prime minister (January 16). Konoe becomes prime minister for a second term (July 22).

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established the South Seas Mandate under Japanese administration to replace German New Guinea.

3457: 3440: 3385: 3381: 3257: 3197: 3092: 2965: 2929: 2360: 2273: 2018: 1698: 1466: 1258: 575: 554: 110: 32:"The Japanese Empire" redirects here. For the relationship between Japan and its colonies, see 10272: 8897: 7265: 4965:

and the Nanjing Massacre turned American public opinion against Japan. With the occupation of

4744:

in Manchuria. In 1936, Japan created a similar Mongolian puppet state in Inner Mongolia named

3181:

Article 16. The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation of punishments and rehabilitation.

3160:

Article 6. The Emperor gives sanction to laws, and orders them to be promulgated and executed.

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Article 5. The Emperor exercises the legislative power with the consent of the Imperial Diet.

2933: 2467: 2435:

by a multinational force in 1864. The Chōshū clan also launched the failed coup known as the

1956: 1316: 791: 753: 18291: 18205: 15578: 10479:

Nichibunken Japan Review: Bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies

6132: 3602: 3169:

Article 12. The Emperor determines the organization and peace standing of the Army and Navy.

2948:, was also canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as a Saint and Martyr in the year 2000. 186: 19129: 18700: 18185: 17987: 17784: 17639: 17290: 17247: 17217: 17143: 16953: 16932: 15858: 15335: 15013: 14670: 14585: 13272: 13246: 13196: 12553: 12121: 11945: 11935: 11447: 9465: 8849: 8244: 8077: 8047: 7384: 6864: 6386: 6266: 6174: 6136: 5937: 5519: 5402: 5267: 5242: 4648: 4520: 4458: 4447: 4432: 4391: 4383: 4375: 4347: 4323: 4041: 4033: 4020: 3626: 3122:

The constitution recognized the need for change and modernization after the removal of the

3036: 3009: 2415:. The British demanded reparations but were denied. While attempting to exact payment, the 2124: 2077: 1968: 1441: 1346: 1207: 1103: 1010: 430: 18190: 18071: 13221: 8121: 7987: 7173: 6748: 6716: 5105: 3682:

to pressure the Joseon Dynasty into signing the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, which granted

3178:

Article 15. The Emperor confers titles of nobility, rank, orders and other marks of honor.

2558:

stripped of all his power by Emperor Meiji and most of Japan accepted the emperor's rule.

240: 8: 18736: 18035: 18016: 17902: 17676: 17554: 17510: 17032: 16166: 15932: 15459: 15289: 15273: 15222: 14652: 13791: 13655: 13614: 13491: 13451: 13446: 13391: 13074: 13068: 12969: 12353: 12300: 12273: 12263: 12209: 12199: 12184: 12061: 11885: 11564: 11559: 11442: 11336: 9003: 8218: 8182: 8167: 8055: 7797: 7792: 7074: 6870: 6832: 6660: 5714: 5617: 5578: 5559: 5486:, marking the beginning of the fall of the islands of Japan. After securing airfields in 5443: 5398: 5331: 5263: 5259: 5191: 4826: 4807: 4335: 4305: 4153:

obligation to make sacrifices for the emperor and the state—were attempted as solutions.

3683: 3668: 3645: 3641: 3508: 3377: 3368:

was signed between Japan and China, which ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of

2973: 2694: 2238: 2230: 2160: 2073: 2014: 1976: 1491: 1446: 1411: 1321: 906: 268: 225: 18210: 14605: 12136: 10941: 7422: 7416: 7158: 4065: 2739:

comments in his booklet "The Secret of Japan's Strength", published in 1942, during the

2643: 18570: 18299: 18241: 18224: 18180: 18158: 18128: 18108: 17895: 17728: 17653: 17607: 17577: 17485: 17325: 16990: 16874: 16768: 16719: 16657: 16413: 16364: 16173: 15797: 15452: 15250: 14612: 14527: 13886: 13750: 13732: 13697: 13661: 13501: 13466: 13418: 13403: 13290: 13241: 13080: 13039: 12719: 12322: 12259: 12076: 12046: 11587: 11225: 11203: 10983: 10873: 10562: 10517: 10459: 9917:

Masato Shizume, "A History of the Bank of Japan, 1882–2016." (Waseda University, 2016)

9198: 9190: 9116: 9108: 8778: 8251: 8250:

1945: Allied bombers begin firebombing of major Japanese cities. Allied victory at the

8186: 7807: 7722: 7593: 7511: 7434: 7288: 7218: 7107: 6620: 6239: 6223: 5773: 5483: 5439: 5383: 5214:. The Allies lacked aircover and tanks; the Japanese had complete air superiority. The 4970: 4293: 4190: 3962:

After the fall of the Tsarist regime and the later provisional regime in 1917, the new

3910: 3852: 3800: 3716:

In Korea, the period is usually described as the "Time of Japanese Forced Occupation" (

3633: 3622: 3597: 3556: 3549: 3521: 3480: 3467: 3393: 3357: 3356:

China objected and war ensued. Japanese ground troops routed the Chinese forces on the

3273: 3253: 3082: 2977: 2945: 2809: 2736: 2678: 2574: 2459: 2378:

and Western countries were signed. In large part due to the humiliating terms of these

2375: 2296: 2281: 2144: 2061: 1653: 1486: 1341: 1238: 1233: 879: 768: 662: 636: 345: 229: 18470: 18215: 18138: 10787: 8951: 8773:"During the second half of the nineteenth century, Japan's nation-builders forged the 7357: 7015: 6826: 6811: 6805: 6740: 6699: 6642: 6538: 6519: 6188: 4146: 4142: 2440: 18809: 18195: 18153: 18133: 18113: 17886: 17770: 17660: 17600: 17561: 17494: 17476: 17442: 17385: 17339: 17283: 17108: 16846: 16838: 16775: 16628: 16222: 15754: 15215: 15194: 14904: 14645: 14639: 14600: 14502: 14335: 13918: 13773: 13756: 13564: 13386: 13366: 13201: 13186: 13116: 13104: 12805: 12782: 12729: 12363: 12051: 12031: 11798: 11427: 11263: 11244: 11211: 11189: 11170: 11128: 11121: 11102: 11083: 11051: 11044: 11025: 11017: 11002: 10969: 10950: 10916: 10890: 10877: 10751: 10712: 10695: 10554: 10521: 10305: 10278: 10251: 10054: 9937: 9815: 9564: 9546:

Orthodox translation of Gospel into Japanese, Pravostok Orthodox Portal, October 2006

9282: 9202: 9182: 9170: 9120: 9100: 9047: 8930: 8905: 8746: 8298:) (August 9 – September 2). Japan surrenders (September 2): Allied occupation begins. 8259: 8194: 8190: 8093: 8026: 8006: 8002:

becomes prime minister (December 13) and increases funding for the military in China.

7907: 7902: 7493: 7366: 7333: 7309: 7230: 7134: 7039: 7003: 6728: 6722: 6654: 6113: 5599: 5535: 5479: 5415: 5207: 5175: 5150:

in full force, thereby bringing the United States to World War II on the side of the

5006: 4983: 4878: 4814: 4488: 4024: 3985: 3974: 3906: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3679: 3249: 3116: 3070: 3056: 3018: 2937: 2925: 2889: 2782: 2706: 2601: 2400: 2300: 2164: 1952: 1703: 1686: 1633: 1618: 1306: 1268: 1146: 623: 559: 411: 403: 340: 325: 11507: 10937: 10677: 8400: 8255: 7956: 7045: 6318: 6146: 6008: 5993: 5963: 4551:, Imperial Crown Style architecture often included regional architectural elements. 4281: 4076: 3819: 2475: 2187: 2100:. However, there has been a debate over defining the political system of Japan as a 480: 18797: 18295: 18265: 18200: 17805: 17798: 17742: 17406: 17171: 17157: 17060: 16997: 16948: 16761: 16614: 16561: 16371: 16322: 16236: 15466: 15443: 14976: 13703: 13673: 13667: 13584: 13413: 13381: 13371: 13110: 13034: 13029: 12957: 12777: 12677: 12504: 12224: 11940: 11612: 11313: 10865: 10513: 10486: 10477:

Gadeleva, Emilia (2000). "Susanoo: One of the Central Gods in Japanese Mythology".

9677: 9493: 9174: 9092: 8233: 8214: 8148: 8114: 8100: 7977: 7933: 7920: 7837: 7832: 7737: 7717: 7707: 7697: 7564: 7481: 7351: 7339: 7212: 7167: 7101: 7009: 6991: 6985: 6973: 6939: 6888: 6858: 6820: 6734: 6681: 6672: 6328: 6305: 6297: 6276: 6078: 6046: 5987: 5896: 5892: 5805: 5719: 5594: 5423: 5391: 5363: 5299: 5271: 5262:, due to the overwhelming superiority of Japanese forces and encirclement tactics, 5250: 5238: 5195: 5143: 5139: 5118: 5043: 5033: 5002: 4966: 4898: 4860: 4818: 4613: 4540: 4509: 4500: 4193:

and how the military had/gained influence in the civilian cabinet. You can help by

4161: 3879: 3875: 3792: 3100: 2717: 2412: 2379: 2364: 2120: 2097: 2069: 2041: 1742: 1253: 1162: 977: 14985: 12479: 10373:"Question 戦前の日本における対ユダヤ人政策の基本をなしたと言われる「ユダヤ人対策要綱」に関する史料はありますか。また、同要綱に関する説明文はありますか。" 8517: 8005:

1932: After an attack on Japanese monks in Shanghai (January 18), Japanese forces

7401: 7146: 6705: 6060:, headed by the Emperor, was established in 1893. Prominent generals and leaders: 5929: 4477: 3827: 3548:

French illustration of a Japanese assault on entrenched Russian troops during the

3409: 2686: 2448: 2382:, the shogunate soon faced internal hostility, which materialized into a radical, 2027: 606: 18303: 18075: 18067: 18063: 18059: 18055: 18051: 18047: 18043: 18039: 17980: 17828: 17540: 17455: 17413: 17311: 17254: 17122: 16904: 16895: 16424: 15982: 15236: 14512: 14352: 13691: 13251: 13226: 12833: 12672: 12524: 12229: 12146: 12066: 11539: 11164: 11069: 10822: 10245: 10205: 10083: 9931: 9842: 9792: 9500: 9041: 8638: 8317: 8178: 8171: 8152: 8136: 8125: 8018: 7999: 7995: 7857: 7852: 7787: 7772: 7702: 7667: 7652: 7610: 7570: 7530: 7458: 7452: 7321: 7259: 7224: 7128: 7113: 7086: 6922: 6838: 6788: 6779: 6693: 6167: 6120: 6099: 5973: 5943: 5888: 5542: 5463: 5382:. During the same month, after the Japanese victory in the Battle of Bataan, the 5122: 5121:

to attack the United States Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. While the United States was

4994: 4932: 4918: 4799: 4705: 4689: 4685: 4663: 4598: 4473: 4451: 4411: 4387: 4057: 3601:

Manchuria, and China, notably, the Liaodong Peninsula, controlled by the city of

3512: 3463: 3421: 3318: 3277: 3192:

was established in response to the Meiji Constitution. The Diet consisted of the

3087: 3044: 3027: 2835: 2667: 2650: 2616: 2570: 2436: 2264: 2119:. However, from 1942 onwards, and particularly after decisive Allied advances at 2096:. During this period, the Japanese army committed many atrocities, including the 2057: 1451: 1436: 1426: 1336: 1124: 893: 688: 534: 355: 350: 263: 244: 18143: 18118: 17940: 12141: 10620: 9869:"Social Mobility in Japan, 1868–2012: The Surprising Persistence of the Samurai" 9075: 8516:

from his birth until November 11, 1860, when he was proclaimed heir apparent to

8022: 7345: 7206: 7185: 7140: 6905: 6635: 6232: 5911:

His Imperial Highness Count Nagayoshi Ogasawara, a member of the Imperial Family

5857: 5817: 5811: 4535:(帝冠式, Teikanshiki). The style is identified by Japanese-style roofing on top of 4083: 2985: 2639: 2478:, leader of the Satsuma clan, threatened the assembly into abolishing the title 1022: 610: 522: 18760: 18361: 18021: 17835: 17371: 17297: 15349: 15208: 14345: 14325: 13996: 13709: 13554: 13345: 13236: 13092: 12996: 12979: 12474: 12368: 12189: 12179: 12036: 12000: 11422: 11328: 10904: 10746:

Peattie, Mark R. (1988). "Chapter 5 – The Japanese Colonial Empire 1895–1945".

10129: 9178: 8734: 8666: 8291: 8283: 8198: 8081: 8070: 7912: 7892: 7877: 7782: 7767: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7692: 7687: 7677: 7627: 7599: 7582: 7505: 7475: 7446: 7390: 7236: 7197: 7191: 7179: 7122: 7080: 7068: 7062: 6961: 6950: 6933: 6916: 6876: 6687: 6648: 6126: 5983: 5953: 5933: 5828: 5639: 5550: 5523: 5379: 5037: 4979: 4975: 4962: 4791: 4492: 4355: 4001: 3687: 3529: 3425: 3413: 3314: 3219: 3063: 2917: 2909: 2839: 2820: 2713: 2659: 2635: 2631: 2388: 2292: 2258: 2250: 2222: 2140: 1708: 1243: 1174: 1131: 549: 392: 18123: 12509: 12484: 11153: 10869: 9660: 9524: 9096: 8051: 7777: 7303: 5833: 5028: 4629: 4000:

under Chief of Staff Yui Mitsue had occupied all ports and major towns in the

3208: 2940:, appointed the first Bishop of Kyoto and later martyred as the archbishop of 985: 19038: 19020: 19007: 18261: 18148: 18103: 17646: 15571: 15420: 15259: 14456: 13744: 13738: 13181: 13098: 13009: 11995: 11716: 11706: 11534: 11499: 11139: 11075: 11039: 10558: 9186: 9104: 8729: 8349: 8295: 8240: 8036: 7963: 7897: 7887: 7872: 7827: 7812: 7802: 7742: 7682: 7542: 7499: 7464: 7440: 7428: 7372: 7276: 7253: 7027: 6997: 6979: 6882: 6773: 6767: 6390: 6290: 6249: 6106: 6049:(1850–1926), at the unveiling ceremony of the bronze statue of Field Marshal 6042: 5967: 5739: 5695: 5687: 5627: 4894: 4886: 4882: 4737: 4733: 4676: 4513: 4505: 4359: 4009: 3694: 3621:. The fleet arrived on the scene a year later, only to be annihilated in the 3350: 3336:

On June 4, 1894, Korea requested aid from the Qing Empire in suppressing the

3189: 3108: 2901: 2732:

in about 25 years as a result of industrialization and economic development.

2663: 2589: 2452: 2304: 2277: 2268: 2263:"nation, state", literally "Imperial State" or "Imperial Realm" (compare the 2183: 2176: 2128: 1972: 1501: 1496: 842: 468: 427: 408: 377: 96: 12096: 10641: 7762: 6666: 6401:

Population density map of the Japanese archipelago and southern Kuril (1940)

6259: 6085: 6050: 3404: 2001:

not parts of the empire but dependent territories. In the closing stages of

1372: 18621: 18353: 17945: 17749: 16049: 15954: 15585: 14948: 14712: 13906: 13340: 11592: 11469: 11116: 9624: 9043:

The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison

8774: 8624: 8489: 8129: 8059: 7867: 7732: 7657: 7642: 7616: 7553: 7487: 7378: 7282: 6899: 6761: 6624: 6616: 6597: 6542: 6311: 6038: 6012: 5703: 5683: 5563: 5419: 5307: 5283: 5135: 5084: 5074: 5014: 4998: 4940: 4830: 4787: 4709: 4637: 4465: 4443: 3804: 3709:. After proclaimed the founding of the Korean Empire, Korea was officially 3702: 3672: 3389: 3322: 3291:

as the new decimal currency. It had parity with the Mexican silver dollar.

3013: 2969: 2941: 2850: 2846: 2690: 2611: 2597: 2508: 2443:

was established in 1866 to combine their efforts to overthrow the Tokugawa

2148: 2101: 2093: 2085: 2002: 1948: 1533: 1197: 1091: 1063: 1049: 1035: 832: 727: 602: 388: 135: 12166: 11783: 8874: 4285: 4272: 4098:

In 1932, Park Chun-kum was elected to the House of Representatives in the

3933:

Commanding Officers and Chiefs of Staff of the Allied Military Mission to

3172:

Article 13. The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and concludes treaties.

2195: 1404: 1141: 419: 18991: 18257: 17584: 17570: 17232: 15908: 15729: 15714: 15068: 14117: 14022: 13720: 13155: 12576: 12244: 11793: 11062: 10226: 8263: 8159: 8014: 7842: 7822: 7817: 7712: 7576: 7315: 7296: 7021: 6181: 6140: 6081:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Prime Minister of Japan, Founder of the IJA 5838: 5691: 5515: 5315: 5147: 5100: 5010: 4922: 4701: 4402: 4311: 4280:

ascended to the throne on 25 December 1926, upon the death of his father

3938: 3858: 3544: 3261: 3095:, showing the Prime Minister speaking addressing the House of Peers, 1915 2752: 2740: 2725: 2721: 2428: 2308: 2116: 2065: 2006: 1471: 1077: 675: 585: 569: 18098: 10101:"Question 1917年（大正6年）のロシア革命時に、シベリアに在留していたポーランド孤児を日本政府が救済したことについて調べています。" 9112: 8632: 6466: 6420: 6350: 5017:

and for technological and economic cooperation between the signatories.

4288:. He would rule Japan as the 126th emperor to claim direct descent from 4177: 3565: 2585: 2566: 1835: 16939: 16692: 16671: 15564: 14897: 14825: 12041: 11657: 11303: 11146: 10660:"WW2 historical markers remind Pinoys of Bataan's role on Day of Valor" 10566: 10542: 10463: 9194: 7882: 7672: 7152: 6967: 6749:

Medical scientists, biologists, evolutionary theorists, and geneticists

5726: 5699: 5549:

led to the fall of Japan's Manchurian occupation, Soviet occupation of

5406: 5166: 4803: 4586: 4439: 4427: 4339: 4327: 4310:

Important institutional links existed between the party in government (

4243: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3618: 3330: 3111:

with suspicion and trepidation, and favored a gradualist approach. The

3073:, unlike the original destroyed wooden version of the bridge from 836. 2921: 2503: 2491: 2416: 2383: 2356: 2037: 1543: 1526: 1273: 1222: 1108: 837: 288: 11950: 10999:

British Naval Strategy East of Suez, 1900–2000: Influences and Actions

10490: 10174:. House of Representatives of Japan. November 16, 2000. Archived from 10051:

The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910

9384:, p. 285) speculates that Yoshinobu had agreed to an assembly of 5397:

Australian land forces defeated Japanese Marines in New Guinea at the

5274:, joining 50,000 taken in the Japanese invasion of Malaya (modern day 4424:), to form the ideological basis of the movement (Shōwa nationalism). 4407: 3815: 3775:). In Japan, a more common description is "The Korea of Japanese rule" 2951: 2272:). The name "Empire of Japan" appeared for the first time in the 1854 18772: 18688: 18640: 18565: 18491: 18253: 17202: 16607: 16404: 16215: 16013: 15968: 13912: 13679: 12373: 12348: 12343: 12151: 12022: 11955: 11627: 9076:"The Dialectics of Remembrance: Memories of Empire in Cold War Japan" 8532:

No multiple era names were given for each reign after Emperor Meiji.

8279: 8275: 8267: 8111: 8066: 8010: 7983:

1930: Hamaguchi is wounded in an assassination attempt (November 14).

5875:, the 3rd head of a collateral branch of the Japanese Imperial Family 5574: 5527: 5198:

the Japanese overwhelmed an Allied army composed of British, Indian,

5070: 4987: 4745: 4713: 4319: 4289: 4107: 3963: 3533: 3287:

of Meiji 4 (1871) abolished the local currencies and established the

3166:

Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army and Navy.

3123: 3104: 2859: 2801: 2786: 2772: 2767:

History of the Catholic Church in Japan § Rediscovery and return

2729: 2420: 2368: 2338: 2049: 1853: 1569: 1289: 1263: 126: 15489: 9737:

Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture

4527:), before the end of World War II, it was originally referred to as 4218: 3380:. Soon afterward, Russia occupied the Liaodong Peninsula, built the 3062:

Japanese had to look at old paintings in order to find out what the

2351: 15473: 15201: 14172: 12452: 11880: 11571: 11515: 10851:"Castles and the Militarisation of Urban Society in Imperial Japan" 9412:, p. 122. Original quotation (Japanese): "短刀一本あればかたづくことだ." in 8504:

The Japanese imperial family name has no surname or dynastic name.

8449: 8271: 7970: 7647: 6325: 6246: 6216: 5772:. The Emperor was in the center of this power structure as supreme 5758:

List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II

5667: 5652: 5567: 5531: 5326: 5275: 5237:, the Japanese pushed the combined American-Filipino force towards 5130: 4681: 4594: 4581: 4277: 4165: 4016: 3871: 3867: 3637: 3504: 3230: 2959: 2905: 2897: 2854: 2776: 2702: 2191: 2136: 1819: 1803: 492: 383: 193: 153: 11347: 6619:(1875–1960) was a mathematician who made seminal contributions to 4299: 4052: 3435:

under Lt. General Yamaguchi Motoomi; the remainder were 540 naval

2626: 18002: 11622: 8737:

in Tokyo, took on ever greater proportions as their number grew."

8488:

Each posthumous name was given after the respective era names as

8096: 8062: 5675: 5593:

and other territories. In a national radio address on August 15,

5311: 5295: 5066: 4811: 4798:

Japan invaded China proper in 1937, beginning a war against both

4783: 4496: 4416: 4005: 3934: 3710: 3678:

In January 1876, following the Meiji Restoration, Japan employed

3471: 3345: 3137: 2913: 2824: 2682: 2577:

came to an end in May 1869 and the remaining forces surrendered.

2408: 1997: 372: 5887:

His Imperial Highness Marquess Michitsune Koga, a member of the

2359:

came to an end when the country was forced open to trade by the

18287: 16083: 14681: 12305: 11474: 11285: 10887:

End of Empire: 100 Days in 1945 that Changed Asia and the World

8725: 8724:

Although the Empire of Japan officially had no state religion,

5707: 5690:

historically belonged to Japan and were first inhabited by the

5671: 5663: 5487: 5287: 5279: 5170:

Victorious Japanese troops marching through the city center of

5054: 4936: 4890: 4810:. On December 13 of that same year, the Nationalist capital of 4700:

from the Chinese, although the majority of the population were

4697: 4590: 4544: 3753: 3735: 3717: 3528:

After the uprising, Japan and the Western countries signed the

3224: 3214: 2981: 2863: 2698: 2345: 2321: 2045: 1248: 12545: 10885:

Chandler, David P.; Cribb, Robert; Narangoa, Li, eds. (2016).

10621:"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942" 9162:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

4420:

code) and contemporary local and European fascist ideals (see

3103:. The conservative Meiji oligarchy viewed anything resembling 18249: 18008: 16271: 14340: 11667: 10788:"Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: Japan, 1900 a.d.–present" 10729:"Resurgent Japan military 'can stand toe to toe with anybody" 10485:. International Research Center for Japanese Studies: 166–7. 10077:

A reckless adventure in Taiwan amid Meiji Restoration turmoil

9527:(in Japanese). The Orthodox Church in Japan. February 1, 2007 8902:

International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania

6636:

Anthropologists, ethnologists, archaeologists, and historians

6256: 6229: 5659: 4548: 3769: 3749: 3731: 3498:

had joined British, Russian, and German sailors to seize the

3479:

provisional force of 1,300 troops commanded by Major General

3341: 2619:

also aimed to boost morale and win financial support for the

2490:

attacks in Edo, starting with the burning of the outworks of

2487: 2471: 2316: 2168: 2111:

initially achieved large-scale military successes during the

2068:. Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s, including the 920: 294: 282: 206: 10827:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

10036:

The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero

9836:

The Ashio Riot of 1907: A Social History of Mining in Japan.

9525:"日本の正教会の歴史と現代 "History of Japanese Orthodox Church and Now"" 5589:, the declaration of war by the Soviet Union and subsequent 5556:

superior numbers of the armies of the Soviet Union in Europe

5278:). The Japanese then seized the key oil production zones of 1925:

Imperial State of Greater Japan or the Great Japanese Empire

8493: 5491: 5291: 5206:

forces. The Japanese were quickly able to advance down the

4947: 4729: 3675:

in order to further their security and national interests.

2127:, Japan was forced to adopt a defensive stance against the 10785: 8039:

becomes prime minister (July 8). Japan withdraws from the

8025:

becomes prime minister (May 15). Japan is censured by the

5378:

In April 1942, Japan was bombed for the first time in the

4431:

Rebel troops assembling at police headquarters during the

3734:: 日帝强占期). Other terms include "Japanese Imperial Period" ( 2689:

as "an attempt to control popular thought with a blend of

2050:

period of large-scale industrialization and militarization

18616:

States and territories in the sphere of influence of the

10172:"第150回国会政治倫理の確立及び公職選挙法改正に関する特別委員会第12号平成12年11月16日（木曜日）" 9711:"Shinbutsu bunri – the separation of Shinto and Buddhism" 9355: 9307: 8977: 8975: 8677:

Germany–Japan industrial co-operation before World War II

5051:, who put forward the then-controversial theory that the 4106:

Unstable coalitions and divisiveness in the Diet led the

3288: 3069:

The Japanese used mostly concrete in 1934 to rebuild the

2630:

Prominent members of the Iwakura mission. Left to right:

2303:, with the intention of forming a modern state to resist 11015: 10642:"Oil and Japanese Strategy in the Solomons: A Postulate" 9436: 9434: 9004:"Chronological table 5 December 1, 1946 – June 23, 1947" 8258:

becomes prime minister (April 7). Allied victory at the

8017:

as emperor (February 29). Inukai is assassinated during

6623:, and a member of the selection committee for the first 6541:(1847–1928), editor of two well-known Japanese-language 4314:) and military and political organizations, such as the 3376:

forced Japan to withdraw from Liaodong Peninsula in the

2804:

equal legal status. It is currently better known as the

2392:(literally "Revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians"). 9730:"Process of architectural wooden preservation in Japan" 9662:

Japan's Modern Castles Episode One: Himeji Castle (姫路城)

7409: 7094: 4829:

was also set up in China quickly afterwards, headed by

4457:

On February 26, 1936, a coup d'état was attempted (the

4369: 3372:

to Japan. After the peace treaty, Russia, Germany, and

3212:

Baron Masuda Tarokaja, a member of the House of Peers (

15343:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

10600: 10541:

Reader, Ian (2003). Befu, Harumi; Oguma, Eiji (eds.).

10301:

Heteroglossic Asia: The Transformation of Urban Taiwan

10000: 9607:"A Race Across Japan to See its Last Original Castles" 9319: 9295: 9221: 9209: 8972: 8895: 8760: 8754: 7297:

Philosophers, educators, mathematicians, and polymaths

5025:

celebrated the 2600th anniversary of Jimmu's ascension

2999: 2992: 2928:. Nicholas has since been canonized as a saint by the 2753:

Transposition in social order and cultural destruction

2013:

was issued on 2 September 1945 in compliance with the

1885: 10884: 10588: 10017: 10015: 10013: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9857:

Hardy's Case, The Japan Weekly Mail, January 4, 1875.

9431: 8124:

becomes prime minister (January 5). Japan annexs the

6321:(1887–1944), attack on Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway 6177:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Prime Minister of Japan 5330:

A model representing the attack by dive bombers from

5059:'s accounts were not based on history (as Edo period 4790:, the main gate leading onward to the palaces in the 4322:. Amongst the himitsu kessha (secret societies), the 3466:. The Japanese were able to contribute 52 men to the 2466:

On January 3, 1868, Satsuma-Chōshū forces seized the

2419:

was fired on from coastal batteries near the town of

10636: 10634: 10297: 9955: 9953: 9936:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 225. 9419: 9391: 9343: 9331: 8960: 8672:

Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan

8614: 8032:

1933: Japan leaves the League of Nations (March 27).

3886:. The swift invasion in the German territory of the 2561:

Pro-Tokugawa remnants retreated to northern Honshū (

2367:

arrived in Japan in 1854. Thus, the period known as

2324:"Empire of the Sun" and "Empire of the Rising Sun". 10909:

Japan's Imperial Army: Its Rise and Fall, 1853–1945

10433:"2600th Anniversary of the Founding of Japan, 1940" 9466:"明治8年（1875）4月｜漸次立憲政体樹立の詔が発せられ、元老院・大審院が設置される：日本のあゆみ" 8796:, "Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Armed Forces" 6581:(1803–1901) was a biologist and a professor at the 3115:demanded the immediate establishment of an elected 2482:and ordered the confiscation of Yoshinobu's lands. 11120: 11043: 11024:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 10543:"Identity, Nihonjinron, and Academic (Dis)honesty" 10449: 10318: 10010: 9977: 9965: 9803: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8990: 5597:announced the surrender to the Japanese people by 4484:, even if that meant suspending the constitution. 3175:Article 14. The Emperor declares a state of siege. 2720:, whose works included "Conditions in the West", " 2194:. The Imperial era came to an end partway through 2182:In total, the Empire of Japan had three emperors: 10631: 10408:. December 6, 1938. p. 36/42. Archived from 10072: 10070: 9950: 9933:A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present 9388:in the hope that such a body would reinstate him. 8850:"Explore Japan National Flag and National Anthem" 8728:played an important part for the Japanese state. 8274:(August 9), the Soviet Union and Mongolia invade 4040:human cost, the administration of Prime Minister 2759:Japanese new religions § Before World War II 19036: 18414:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo 12530:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 11123:Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912 8512:Emperor Meiji was known only by the appellation 6149:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Governor of Taiwan 5978:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation 5776:of the Imperial Armed Forces and head of state. 4836: 3713:in Japan through the annexation treaty in 1910. 3474:, having suffered more than 300 casualties. The 3248:Economic development was characterized by rapid 3151:Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable. 2936:to Japan. His commemoration day is February 16. 2932:in 1970, and is now recognized as St. Nicholas, 2845:The social tension continued to grow during the 2431:and attacks against foreign property led to the 2403:during 1862 led to the murder of an Englishman, 2299:, which founded their new government during the 2005:, with Japan defeated alongside the rest of the 13522:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 12500:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 8987: 7973:is formally installed as emperor (November 10). 5210:, forcing the Allied forces to retreat towards 4946:In 1938, Japan prohibited the expulsion of the 4300:Rise of militarism and its social organisations 4071:On 1 September 1923, at a magnitude of 7.9, an 4047: 4032:based in Vladivostok against the Moscow-backed 3784: 3392:, built Tsingtao fortress and based the German 3360:, and nearly destroyed the Chinese navy in the 2879: 2541: 2320:characters and its flag, it was also given the 2219:, which translates to "Empire of Great Japan" ( 11484: 11166:Japanese Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period 10250:. University of Wisconsin Pres. January 1996. 10067: 9812:Technology and Industrial Development in Japan 8805: 8791: 8692:List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan 8468: 8455: 8440: 8419: 8406: 8391: 8368: 8355: 8340: 8054:becomes prime minister (March 9). Japan signs 6560: 6550: 6497: 5078: 5060: 5052: 4708:in the 19th century. Japan then established a 4706:large scale settlement of Chinese in Manchuria 4480:, who repeatedly counseled him to implement a 4133: 4120: 4111: 3778: 3051:and the Meiji government built the new modern 2873: 2535: 2451:died of smallpox and was replaced by his son, 2343:After two centuries, the seclusion policy, or 2256: 2248: 2236: 2228: 2220: 2212: 1860: 1858: 1842: 1840: 1824: 1808: 58: 19115:States and territories disestablished in 1947 18601: 18330: 17988: 14697: 12561: 11363: 11099:Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History 11050:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 10339: 10166: 10164: 9923: 8569:Flag of the Empire of Japan from 1870 to 1999 5606: 4354:(to 1945), Shintoist Rites Research Council, 4149:and the Rikken Minseitō alternated in power. 3244:Economic history of Japan § 20th century 2763:Christianity in Japan § Opening of Japan 2291:had existed since the anti-Tokugawa domains, 2163:, during which United States military leader 1767: 786:7,400,000 km (2,900,000 sq mi) 10858:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 10053:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 8953:Japan's Preoccupation with Religious Freedom 8929:. University of Chicago Press. p. 133. 8777:nation-state out of an older, heterogeneous 8080:becomes prime minister (February 2). Prince 6600:(1902–1995) was a seismologist, who won the 6272:Admiral Baron Akamatsu Noriyoshi (1841–1920) 5562:and Berlin, the division of Europe with the 4958:on which Japan had insisted for many years. 4168:during an army inspection on January 8, 1938 3950:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 3767: 3757: 3739: 3721: 3016:were closely linked. Under the Meiji regime 14005: 11847:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 9814:. Oxford University Press. pp. 72–73. 9483:. International House of Japan. p. 14. 9158: 5482:in several hard-fought battles such as the 5362:in the morning of June 4, 1942, during the 5109:Map of Japanese conquests from 1937 to 1942 5090: 4802:'s Nationalists and also the Communists of 4767: 3866:base, German-leased territories in China's 778:1,984,000 km (766,000 sq mi) 19110:States and territories established in 1868 18608: 18594: 18337: 18323: 17995: 17981: 14704: 14690: 12568: 12554: 11370: 11356: 11230:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11020:; Kanai, Madoka; Twitchett, Denis (1989). 10988:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10775:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 50–56. 10161: 9866: 9563:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 9556: 9084:Comparative Studies in Society and History 8956:(Ph.D.). Princeton University. p. 76. 6555:, "sea of words", 1891) and its successor 5462:sank at her moorings in the naval base of 4866:On May 11, 1939, in the Nomonhan Incident 4623: 4156: 3294: 3119:, and the promulgation of a constitution. 2307:domination. Later the Empire emerged as a 2092:, and also conquering a large part of the 1774: 1760: 185: 12250:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 11860:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 10750:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10190: 9046:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 9033: 8924: 8213:surrender (May 8). Allied victory at the 8164:Japanese naval forces attack Pearl Harbor 6195: 6063: 5722:that it was occupied by a foreign power. 5587:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 4559:Emperor in relation to the constitution. 4259:Learn how and when to remove this message 3810: 3629:, negotiated in the United States by the 2976:to visit Japan, in 1861–1862. His gospel 2153:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 191:The Empire of Japan at its peak in 1942 ( 18737:Reorganized National Government of China 13804:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 11633:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 10929: 10584:. Naval Institute Press. pp. 80–81. 10476: 10430: 10406:Japan Center for Asian Historical Record 10298:Francis Chia-Hui Lin (January 9, 2015). 9665:. Japan's Modern Castles. April 6, 2020. 9478: 9413: 9325: 9301: 9274: 9268: 9257: 9255: 9239: 9154: 9152: 9150: 9148: 9039: 8697:Political parties of the Empire of Japan 6522:(1856–1925) was a botanist, who won the 6396: 6380: 6028: 5751: 5702:. Since 1945, Kuril has belonged to the 5621: 5451: 5325: 5165: 5104: 4993:On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the 4926: 4777: 4675: 4634:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 4566: 4426: 4160: 4051: 3928: 3924: 3847:Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I 3814: 3543: 3403: 3207: 3086: 2950: 2625: 2584: 2580: 2569:), where they established the breakaway 2507: 14181:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 11257: 11238: 11127:. New York: Columbia University Press. 10848: 10770: 10745: 10731:. CNN. December 7, 2016. Archived from 10606: 10594: 10579: 10270: 10238: 10232:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 9867:Clark, Gregory; Ishii, Tatsuya (2012). 9809: 9753: 9560:Kanban: Traditional Shop Signs of Japan 9227: 9215: 7949: 5694:before coming under the control of the 4472:A third point of view was supported by 3636:. As a result, Russia lost the part of 3203: 2395:In March 1863, the Emperor issued the " 14: 19037: 18982:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 18689:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government 16551: 16529:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 12448:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 11183: 11096: 11074: 11038: 10540: 10304:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 85–. 9772: 9756:"After 51 Years, a Temple Is Restored" 9690: 9675: 9550: 9440: 9361: 9313: 9073: 9027: 8981: 8966: 8949: 8581:War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army 5611: 5581:, the Empire of Japan surrendered and 4653:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 4642: 4607:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 4318:and the "Political Department" of the 3752:: 日帝時代) or "Japanese administration" ( 3655: 2198:, and he remained emperor until 1989. 36:. For the book by Sarah C. Paine, see 18589: 18318: 18238:Temporary Nan'yō Islands Defense Unit 17976: 17400:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 16832:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 16478:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 16434:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15539:Rape during the occupation of Germany 14685: 14134:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 13477:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 12549: 11351: 11202: 11151: 11115: 10963: 10820: 10748:The Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 6 10618: 10390: 9625:"Japanese castles History of Castles" 9592:TenguLife: The curious guide to Japan 9452: 9425: 9409: 9397: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9349: 9337: 9278:Ben-Ami Shillony – Collected Writings 9252: 9145: 8162:becomes prime minister (October 18). 5161: 4117:Constitutional Government Association 3539: 2831:communities turning into slum areas. 19065:Former countries in Japanese history 18773:Provisional Government of Free India 18032:Karafuto Civil Administration Office 16522:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15554:Rape during the liberation of France 14538:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 11852:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 11608:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 11162: 10903: 10503: 10443: 10431:Sundberg, Steve (October 22, 2018). 10377:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 10324: 10204:. 台湾研究フォーラム【台湾研究論壇】. Archived from 10105:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 10048: 10021: 10004: 9971: 9929: 9903:A study on the Central Bank of Japan 9506: 9242:"Japan's Quest for Empire 1931–1945" 8896:Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). 8682:Industrial production in Shōwa Japan 8232:(February 9). Allied victory at the 7410:Chemists, physicists, and geologists 7095:Inventors, industrialists, engineers 6461: 6415: 6345: 6033:From left to right: Marshal Admiral 5626:A drawing depicting a speech in the 4782:The Japanese occupation of Beiping ( 4489:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 4398:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 4370:Nationalism and decline of democracy 4241:adding citations to reliable sources 4212: 4171: 3982:American Expeditionary Force Siberia 3560: 3113:Freedom and People's Rights Movement 2040:and the restoration of power to the 14467:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 13268:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 12520:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 11762:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 11377: 10996: 10833:from the original on June 30, 2012. 10627:from the original on July 26, 2011. 10510:The Power of Memory in Modern Japan 10365: 10271:Griffin, Roger (October 11, 2013). 10158:(Oxford: Westview Press, 1992) 234. 9959: 9754:Burgess, John (December 26, 1985). 9604: 8715:Modified version used in 1880–1945. 8593:Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan 8191:Japan bombs Australia (February 19) 8132:becomes prime minister (August 30). 7990:becomes prime minister (April 14). 6025:Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan 5630:on November 1, 1945, following the 5194:to the Japanese on December 25. In 4562: 3996:By November 1918, more than 70,000 3882:in the Pacific, which were part of 3222:, was responsible for transforming 3076: 24: 19055:Former countries in Southeast Asia 18677:South Chahar Autonomous Government 18665:North Shanxi Autonomous Government 18346:Countries and territories occupied 16748:German invasion of the Netherlands 15028:Weather events during World War II 13207:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 11169:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 11101:. University of California Press. 10518:10.1163/ej.9781905246380.i-382.134 9846:American Historical Review, 104:3. 8927:The Invention of Religion in Japan 8647:Agriculture in the Empire of Japan 8243:becomes prime minister (July 22). 7966:becomes prime minister (April 20). 6565:, "great sea of words", 1932–1937) 5643:Constitution and enforce the 1946 5344:on the Japanese aircraft carriers 4912: 3399: 2789:government issued a decree called 333:Recognised regional languages 161: 25: 19141: 17379:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 11278: 11186:Japan: The Rise of a Modern Power 10678:"Battle of Midway – Nihon Kaigun" 10156:Modern Japan: A Historical Survey 10033: 9848:June 1999. Retrieved 16 June 2011 9775:"20 PLACES YOU MUST SEE IN KYOTO" 9588:"The Rise of the Concrete Castle" 9240:Townsend, Susan (July 17, 2018). 9130:from the original on July 8, 2020 8652:Demography of the Empire of Japan 8084:becomes prime minister (June 4). 6342:Demography of the Empire of Japan 6283: 6200: 5678:. This was confirmed by the 1951 4954:in accordance with the spirit of 3799:, on September 2, 1945, upon the 3701:occupied and declared a Japanese 3317:. Korea had traditionally been a 3256:, and the transformation of many 3194:House of Representatives of Japan 2145:Allied invasion of mainland Japan 990:Tokyo Industrial Exhibition, 1907 18961: 18949: 18937: 18925: 18913: 18901: 18889: 18876: 18863: 18851: 18839: 18827: 18815: 18803: 18791: 18778: 18766: 18754: 18742: 18730: 18718: 18706: 18694: 18682: 18670: 18658: 18653:East Hebei Autonomous Government 18646: 18634: 18432: 17939: 14711: 13570:Second Battle of the Piave River 13192:Russian invasion of East Prussia 12220:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 11483: 11284: 10814: 10801: 10786:The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 10779: 10764: 10739: 9727: 9691:Baseel, Casey (March 27, 2017). 9605:Foo, Audrey (January 17, 2019). 9557:Scott Pate, Alan (May 9, 2017). 9263:European Dictatorships 1918-1945 8925:Josephson, Jason Ānanda (2012). 8904:. UK: Routledge. p. 515ff. 8662:Education in the Empire of Japan 8631: 8617: 8598: 8586: 8574: 8562: 8223:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 8217:(June 6). Allied victory in the 8211:Battle of the Philippines (1942) 8170:(December 25). Japan annexs the 8117:to Japanese forces (October 21). 7980:becomes prime minister (July 2). 7622: 7605: 7588: 7559: 7548: 7525: 7517: 7470: 7396: 7271: 7248: 7057: 6956: 6945: 6928: 6911: 6894: 6850: 6800: 6711: 6609: 6590: 6570: 6531: 6512: 6465: 6458:Education in the Empire of Japan 6419: 6349: 5904: 5895:. He was the former Governor of 5880: 5864: 5849: 4529:Emperor's Crown Amalgamate Style 4217: 4176: 4030:Provisional Priamurye Government 3958:Japanese intervention in Siberia 3915:anti-Japanese sentiment in China 3564: 2904:and some other religious books ( 2798:Edict Abolishing Ignoble Classes 2565:) and later to Ezo (present-day 2425:bombarding the port of Kagoshima 2247:is itself composed of the nouns 2177:Japanese constitutional monarchy 2011:Japanese Instrument of Surrender 1959:took effect on 3 May 1947. From 984: 925: 911: 886: 872: 103: 89: 19105:1947 disestablishments in Japan 18713:Provisional Government of China 14634:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 13834:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 12575: 12235:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 11260:A Companion to Japanese History 10966:Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy 10841: 10721: 10705: 10688: 10670: 10652: 10612: 10573: 10534: 10497: 10470: 10424: 10330: 10291: 10264: 10247:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 10220: 10148: 10118: 10093: 10042: 10027: 9911: 9895: 9882: 9876:University of California, Davis 9860: 9851: 9828: 9785: 9773:Hannah, Dayna (June 12, 2018). 9766: 9747: 9721: 9703: 9684: 9669: 9653: 9635: 9617: 9598: 9580: 9539: 9517: 9487: 9472: 9458: 9446: 9403: 9367: 9233: 9067: 9021: 8813: 8799: 8785: 8767: 8740: 8687:Japanese nuclear weapon program 8520:and received the personal name 8058:with Germany (November 25) and 7635: 6502: 6335: 6279:(1868–1918), Battle of Tsushima 6153: 6068: 4851:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 4410:(Control Group) led by General 4228:needs additional citations for 4139:Constitutional Democratic Party 3843:Japanese entry into World War I 3462:, under the command of Captain 3043:During the Meiji restoration's 2656:territorial delimitation treaty 2516:, May 1869; in the foreground, 2494:, the main Tokugawa residence. 19125:1947 disestablishments in Asia 19075:Former monarchies of East Asia 17626:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 15336:Territorial changes of Germany 15244:Indonesian National Revolution 14457:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 14316:Deportations from East Prussia 14113:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 12490:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 11603:Imperial Rescript on Education 11241:The Allied Occupation of Japan 11082:. Cambridge University Press. 11022:The Cambridge History of Japan 10580:Morison, Samuel Eliot (2010). 10504:Joos, Joël (January 1, 2008). 9494:The Secret of Japan's Strength 8950:Thomas, Jolyon Baraka (2014). 8943: 8918: 8889: 8863: 8842: 8718: 8709: 8657:Economy of the Empire of Japan 7522:Suekichi Kinoshita (1877–1935) 6412:Economy of the Empire of Japan 6385:Population density map of the 6210:Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito 6135:: Chief of Staff of the Army, 6045:(1845–1929) and Field Marshal 5428:Philippines campaign (1944–45) 4815:surrendered to Japanese troops 4753: 4742:Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies 4721: 4668:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 3832: 3388:in the port. Germany occupied 3240:Economy of the Empire of Japan 2453:Crown Prince Mutsuhito (Meiji) 2255:"referring to an emperor" and 2201: 2109:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces 1886: 158:"His Imperial Majesty's Reign" 13: 1: 19050:Former countries in East Asia 18701:Shanghai Great Way Government 18003:Former external territories ( 17026:Japanese invasion of Thailand 16977:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 16741:German invasion of Luxembourg 15122:Mediterranean and Middle East 14368:Ukrainian Canadian internment 11936:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 11842:Imperial General Headquarters 11433:Foreign commerce and shipping 10823:"Vice-Admiral Chuichi Nagumo" 10090:, Retrieved on July 22, 2007. 9676:Carter, Alex (May 22, 2010). 8830: 8099:(December 13), beginning the 7164:Shimose Masachika (1860–1911) 7119:Murata Tsuneyoshi (1838–1921) 6817:Juntaro takahashi (1856–1920) 6058:Imperial General Headquarters 6041:(1847–1930), Marshal Admiral 5976:: Foreign Minister of Japan, 5871:His Imperial Highness Prince 5496:United States Army Air Forces 5321: 4837:Clashes with the Soviet Union 4817:. In the event known as the " 4189: with: Article 11 of the 4073:earthquake struck Kantō Plain 4021:Nikolayevsk on the Amur River 3266:Japanese trade-union movement 2528:of the Imperial Japanese Navy 2497: 2332: 19100:1868 establishments in Japan 19060:Former monarchies of Oceania 18987:Greater East Asia Conference 18725:Reformed Government of China 18302:Civil Affairs Bureau | 18298:Civil Affairs Bureau | 18294:Civil Affairs Bureau | 18290:Civil Affairs Bureau | 16933:Invasion of the Soviet Union 16622:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 15940:Independent State of Croatia 14523:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 13822:Estonian War of Independence 13497:Southern Palestine offensive 12268:Hirohito surrender broadcast 11663:Greater East Asia Conference 11258:Tsutsui, William M. (2009). 11158:. G2mil – via YouTube. 11080:The Emergence of Meiji Japan 9793:"1889 Japanese Constitution" 8835: 8605:Flag of the Japanese Emperor 8434: 8385: 8334: 8228:1943: Allied victory in the 6583:Imperial University in Tokyo 6451: 6191:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6170:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6163:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6116:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6095:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6088:: Chief of Staff of the Army 5919: 5801:HIH Marquess Michitsune Koga 5762: 5433: 4657: 4585:trading groups (principally 4332:Imperial Farmers Association 3822:, the 123rd emperor of Japan 3786:Nippon Tōchi-jidai no Chōsen 3135:Imperial Japan was founded, 2785:. In 1871, the newly formed 2592:, the 122nd emperor of Japan 2157:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 1955:on 3 January 1868 until the 434:semi-constitutional monarchy 7: 19120:1868 establishments in Asia 18786:Republic of the Philippines 18394:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 17917:End of World War II in Asia 17757:Western invasion of Germany 17264:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 17241:Second Battle of El Alamein 16811:Hundred Regiments Offensive 16783:Battle of the Mediterranean 16636:Italian invasion of Albania 14810:Air warfare of World War II 14477:USA against Austria-Hungary 13876:Turkish War of Independence 13828:Latvian War of Independence 13560:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 13151:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 11648:Supreme Court of Judicature 8761: 8755: 8610: 8309: 8181:(January 30 – February 3). 8141:Hundred Regiments Offensive 8092:(July 31). Japanese troops 7203:Masuda Tarokaja (1875–1953) 6678:Fujioka Katsuji (1872–1935) 6498:Notable scholars/scientists 6037:(1848–1934), Field Marshal 6018: 5651:which changed Japan into a 5632:end of the Second World War 5494:in the summer of 1944, the 5079: 5061: 5053: 4907:Mongolian People's Republic 3785: 3049:Shrine Consolidation Policy 3000: 2993: 2880: 2542: 2257: 2249: 2237: 2229: 2221: 10: 19146: 19080:History of Japan by period 18846:Occupied Dutch East Indies 17843:Naval bombardment of Japan 17211:First Battle of El Alamein 17130:Battle of Christmas Island 17075:Japanese invasion of Burma 16839:Italian invasion of Greece 16755:German invasion of Belgium 16727:German invasion of Denmark 16700:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 16569:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 14833:Comparative military ranks 14560:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 14108:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 13575:Second Battle of the Marne 13462:Second battle of the Aisne 13331:Second Battle of Champagne 13172:German invasion of Belgium 12359:Second Philippine Republic 12132:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 11184:Porter, Robert P. (1918). 11155:Teaching Japan Imperialism 11046:The Making of Modern Japan 10930:Hagiwara, Kōichi (2004). 10913:University Press of Kansas 9890:Money And Banking in Japan 9810:Odagiri, Hiroyuki (1996). 9678:"Japanese Concrete Castle" 9275:Shillony, Ben-Ami (2013). 9179:10.1177/000271624523700108 9074:Conrad, Sebastian (2014). 8555: 8143:(August–September). Japan 6455: 6409: 6405: 6339: 6022: 5755: 5615: 5607:End of the Empire of Japan 5526:on the Japanese cities of 5500:strategic bombing campaign 5456:The rebuilt battlecruiser 5437: 5094: 4916: 4840: 4823:People's Republic of China 4771: 4724:), and installed the last 4661: 4646: 4627: 4491:in 1940 by Prime Minister 4487:With the launching of the 4395: 4373: 4303: 4270: 4002:Russian Maritime Provinces 3947: 3850: 3836: 3825: 3707:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 3659: 3554: 3419: 3327:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 3305:Taiwan under Japanese rule 3298: 3237: 3080: 2770: 2756: 2595: 2553:to the Imperial side. The 2501: 2433:bombardment of Shimonoseki 2336: 2327: 2161:Allied occupation of Japan 952:73.1 million lived in the 945:56.0 million lived in the 31: 18977: 18628: 18558: 18479: 18441: 18430: 18360: 18273: 18223: 18167: 18084: 18015: 17932: 17764:Bratislava–Brno offensive 17704: 17695:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 17432: 17319:Allied invasion of Sicily 17273: 17179:Aleutian Islands campaign 17151:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 17098: 17089:Greek famine of 1941–1944 16984:Second Battle of Changsha 16889:German invasion of Greece 16857: 16734:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 16709: 16647: 16542: 16423: 16149: 16059: 15907: 15610: 15601: 15359: 15184: 15076:North and Central Pacific 15037: 14799: 14792: 14719: 14666: 14625: 14546: 14485: 14447: 14391: 14380: 14341:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 14284: 14256: 14204: 14126: 14100: 14052: 13945: 13938: 13870:Irish War of Independence 13766: 13648: 13620:Armistice of Villa Giusti 13605:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 13530: 13432: 13359: 13260: 13217:First Battle of the Marne 13164: 13126: 13061: 13052: 12995: 12869: 12858: 12824: 12796: 12758: 12710: 12663: 12656: 12583: 12467: 12440: 12382: 12336: 12293: 12286: 12240:Japan during World War II 12195:Pacification of Manchukuo 12165: 12095: 12087:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 12082:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 12020: 12013: 11964: 11951:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 11904: 11830: 11823: 11770: 11688: 11681: 11673:Imperial Japanese Airways 11580: 11527: 11492: 11481: 11385: 11324: 11311: 11299: 11262:. John Wiley & Sons. 10870:10.1017/S0080440118000063 10082:October 31, 2007, at the 9380:, p. 283. Moreover, 9281:. Routledge. p. 83. 9097:10.1017/S0010417513000601 8806: 8792: 8750: 8544: 8536: 8528: 8508: 8500: 8484: 8469: 8456: 8441: 8420: 8407: 8392: 8369: 8356: 8341: 8145:occupies French Indochina 7986:1931: Hamaguchi dies and 6561: 6551: 6184:: Prime Minister of Japan 6131:Lieutenant General Baron 6011:: Japanese ambassador to 5422:on October 20, 1944. The 5247:General Douglas MacArthur 5186:, British Malaya and the 5097:Japan during World War II 4950:in Japan, Manchuria, and 4931:Signing ceremony for the 4680:Japanese troops entering 4672:Pacification of Manchukuo 4414:. He linked the ancient ( 4316:Imperial Young Federation 4134: 4121: 4112: 4100:Japanese general election 3888:Kiautschou Bay concession 3779: 3768: 3758: 3740: 3722: 3662:Korea under Japanese rule 2874: 2707:conflict with the samurai 2662:in 1875, gaining all the 2606:Government of Meiji Japan 2536: 2405:Charles Lennox Richardson 2397:order to expel barbarians 2213: 2173:Japan Self-Defense Forces 1993:Kwantung Leased Territory 1939:, also known as the 1929: 1921: 1916: 1908: 1903: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1852: 1843: 1841: 1834: 1825: 1818: 1809: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1327:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 1302:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 941: 851: 825: 821: 811: 801: 797: 790: 782: 774: 767: 763: 750: 737: 724: 711: 698: 685: 672: 659: 646: 633: 620: 616: 598: 582: 566: 544: 540: 528: 518:• 1885–1888 (first) 516: 512: 502: 498: 486: 474: 462: 458: 448: 402: 364: 331: 321: 304: 275: 259: 184: 142: 136:The Oath in Five Articles 119: 85: 80: 59: 50: 18956:Occupied Solomon Islands 18944:Occupied Gilbert Islands 18834:Kingdom of Luang Prabang 18236:Civil Affairs Bureau of 18056:Motodomari Subprefecture 17356:Allied invasion of Italy 17333:Solomon Islands campaign 17082:Third Battle of Changsha 16679:First Battle of Changsha 16585:Second Sino-Japanese War 15525:German military brothels 15391:United States war crimes 14493:Constantinople Agreement 13786:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 13649:Co-belligerent conflicts 13625:Second Romanian campaign 13595:Third Transjordan attack 13306:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 13212:Battle of Grand Couronné 12215:Second Sino-Japanese War 12157:Racial Equality Proposal 11737:Agriculture and Commerce 10931: 10811:, New press, 1993, p. 11 10809:Japan in War & Peace 10771:Stephan, John J (1974). 9930:Seth, Michael J (2010). 9479:Kazuhiro, Takii (2007). 9376:, pp. 120–121, and 8702: 8262:(June 21). The US drops 8189:to Japan (February 15). 7992:Japan occupies Manchuria 7363:Totsudō Katō (1870–1949) 6785:Miyake Hiizu (1848–1938) 5412:Sixth United States Army 5091:World War II (1941–1945) 5027:and built a monument to 4935:, September 27, 1940 in 4774:Second Sino-Japanese War 4768:Second Sino-Japanese War 4556:parliamentary government 4364:Volunteer Fighting Corps 3969:signed a separate peace 3903:dispatched a Naval fleet 3839:Japan during World War I 3615:Battle of the Yellow Sea 3384:fortress, and based the 3362:Battle of the Yalu River 2737:Albrecht Fürst von Urach 2514:Naval Battle of Hakodate 2113:Second Sino-Japanese War 1917:Literal Translation name 1539:Great Hanshin earthquake 1457:Second Sino-Japanese War 702:Second Sino-Japanese War 592:House of Representatives 530:• 1946–1947 (last) 34:Japanese colonial empire 18883:Occupied British Borneo 18064:Tomarioru Subprefecture 17778:Second Guangxi campaign 17633:Philippines (1944–1945) 17137:Battle of the Coral Sea 17040:Fall of the Philippines 16686:Battle of South Guangxi 16592:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 15998:Italian Social Republic 14556:Modus vivendi of Acroma 14508:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 13816:Greater Poland Uprising 13716:National Protection War 13600:Meuse–Argonne offensive 13550:German spring offensive 13545:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 13321:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 13296:Second Battle of Artois 13177:Battle of the Frontiers 12127:Washington Naval Treaty 12072:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 12057:First Sino-Japanese War 11876:Nuclear weapons program 11618:Great Japan Youth Party 11545:National seals of Japan 11163:Nish, Ian Hill (2002). 11152:Meyer, Carlton (2019). 9040:Harrison, Mark (2000). 8286:), and Japan (northern 8239:1944: Tojo resigns and 8203:Battle of the Coral Sea 8197:(March 31 – April 10). 8041:Washington Naval Treaty 7929:Takahito, Prince Mikasa 6855:Yu Fujikawa (1865–1940) 5998:Lansing–Ishii Agreement 5958:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 5785:Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa 5680:Treaty of San Francisco 5388:Battle of the Coral Sea 4881:and other units of the 4847:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4726:Manchu Emperor of China 4624:Later Shōwa (1931–1941) 4157:Early Shōwa (1926–1930) 4119:) and the Seiyū Hontō ( 3975:a multi-sided civil war 3919:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 3684:extraterritorial rights 3644:latitude (which became 3486:On 17 June 1900, naval 3311:First Sino-Japanese War 3301:First Sino-Japanese War 3295:First Sino-Japanese War 3252:, the development of a 2968:was the first ordained 2894:Russian Orthodox Church 2441:Satsuma-Chōshū alliance 2133:island-hopping campaign 2054:First Sino-Japanese War 1385:Intervention in Siberia 1312:First Sino-Japanese War 951: 944: 650:First Sino-Japanese War 322:Official languages 19070:Former empires in Asia 19021:35.68250°N 139.75278°E 18040:Toyohara Subprefecture 17363:Armistice of Cassibile 17165:Battle of Dutch Harbor 17116:Battle of the Java Sea 17019:Attack on Pearl Harbor 16919:Syria–Lebanon campaign 16912:Battle of South Shanxi 16882:Invasion of Yugoslavia 16665:Battle of the Atlantic 16279:Korean Liberation Army 15992:(until September 1943) 15949:(until September 1944) 15927:(until September 1944) 14581:Paris Peace Conference 14569:Ukraine–Central Powers 14363:Massacres of Albanians 14331:Late Ottoman genocides 14138:Bulgarian occupations 13846:Third Anglo-Afghan War 13810:Hungarian–Romanian War 13635:Naval Victory Bulletin 13630:Armistice with Germany 13580:Hundred Days Offensive 13507:Battle of La Malmaison 13457:Second battle of Arras 13424:Battle of Transylvania 13278:Second Battle of Ypres 13146:Sarajevo assassination 13035:South African Republic 12205:Motherland controversy 12175:Shōwa financial crisis 11967:Imperial Japanese Navy 11907:Imperial Japanese Army 11638:Peace Preservation Law 11239:Takemae, Eiji (2003). 11097:Hunter, Janet (1984). 11068:April 3, 2020, at the 10849:Benesch, Oleg (2018). 10402:Five Ministers Council 9499:July 11, 2007, at the 8086:Battle of Lugou Bridge 6585:(University of Tokyo). 6402: 6394: 6302:attack on Pearl Harbor 6265:Marshal Admiral Baron 6196:Imperial Japanese Navy 6098:Field Marshal Marquis 6064:Imperial Japanese Army 6053: 5873:Kitashirakawa Naruhisa 5791:Kitashirakawa Naruhisa 5749: 5736: 5635: 5628:Imperial Japanese Diet 5554:allies. Likewise, the 5512:Operation Meetinghouse 5471: 5448:Victory over Japan Day 5405:in September 1942 and 5366: 5266:, causing the largest 5179: 5127:attack on Pearl Harbor 5110: 4943: 4885:then became involved. 4870:Battle of Khalkhin Gol 4795: 4693: 4576: 4573:Shōwa financial crisis 4571:A bank run during the 4435: 4422:Statism in Shōwa Japan 4380:Statism in Shōwa Japan 4169: 4093:Peace Preservation Law 4061: 4012:orphans from Siberia. 3945: 3823: 3811:Taishō era (1912–1926) 3552: 3441:Imperial Japanese Navy 3417: 3344:, and 3,000 landed at 3235: 3133: 3096: 2966:Divie Bethune McCartee 2962: 2930:Patriarchate of Moscow 2750: 2716:. One such writer was 2646: 2593: 2555:Battle of Toba–Fushimi 2529: 2361:Convention of Kanagawa 2274:Convention of Kanagawa 1951:that existed from the 1714:Science and technology 1467:Attack on Pearl Harbor 1390:Great Kantō earthquake 1332:Colonization of Taiwan 1259:Convention of Kanagawa 1099:Former Nine Years' War 1042:1000 BC – 300 AD 1028:14,000 – 1000 BC 311:Tokyo City (1868–1943) 179: 19095:20th century in Japan 19090:19th century in Japan 18858:Occupied West Sumatra 18258:Torakku Subprefecture 18072:Esutoru Subprefecture 18052:Shikuka Subprefecture 18044:Ōtomari Subprefecture 17527:Second Battle of Guam 17423:Bengal famine of 1943 17393:Second Battle of Kiev 17349:Battle of the Dnieper 17054:Battle of Wake Island 16926:East African campaign 16868:Battle of South Henan 16513:atrocities by Germans 16286:Korean Volunteer Army 15267:Occupation of Germany 15021:Music in World War II 14591:Treaty of St. Germain 14564:Russia–Central Powers 14518:Sykes–Picot Agreement 14346:Pontic Greek genocide 14321:Destruction of Kalisz 14297:Eastern Mediterranean 13858:Polish–Lithuanian War 13640:Armistice of Belgrade 13610:Armistice of Salonica 13540:Operation Faustschlag 13487:Third Battle of Oituz 13409:Baranovichi offensive 13377:Lake Naroch offensive 13351:Battle of Robat Karim 13326:Vistula–Bug offensive 13301:Battles of the Isonzo 13232:First Battle of Ypres 12117:Siberian Intervention 11926:Railways and Shipping 11742:Commerce and Industry 11438:Industrial production 11145:October 10, 2017, at 10945:] (in Japanese). 10646:www.combinedfleet.com 10274:The Nature of Fascism 10178:on September 28, 2011 9008:National Diet Library 8303:Constitution of Japan 8230:Battle of Guadalcanal 8201:on Tokyo (April 18). 8108:Battle of Taierzhuang 6400: 6384: 6159:Field Marshal Prince 6091:Field Marshal Prince 6084:Field Marshal Prince 6032: 5986:: Vice Consul to the 5948:Treaty of Shimonoseki 5752:Influential personnel 5744: 5731: 5660:modern state of Japan 5645:Constitution of Japan 5625: 5591:invasion of Manchuria 5498:conducted an intense 5455: 5329: 5192:Hong Kong surrendered 5169: 5108: 4930: 4857:Battle of Lake Khasan 4843:Battle of Lake Khasan 4781: 4679: 4570: 4533:Emperor's Crown Style 4430: 4396:Further information: 4164: 4079:of Korean residents. 4055: 4008:. Japan received 765 3954:Siberian Intervention 3932: 3925:Siberian Intervention 3818: 3611:Battle of Port Arthur 3547: 3433:5th Infantry Division 3407: 3386:Russian Pacific Fleet 3366:Treaty of Shimonoseki 3218:). His father, Baron 3211: 3128: 3090: 3032:smashed and destroyed 2954: 2934:Equal-to-the-Apostles 2842:status of burakumin. 2745: 2728:and a major force in 2649:Japan dispatched the 2629: 2588: 2581:Meiji era (1868–1912) 2511: 2458:On November 9, 1867, 2072:, led to the rise of 2036:, which followed the 2024:Under the slogans of 1957:Constitution of Japan 1432:Invasion of Manchuria 1357:Colonization of Korea 1317:Treaty of Shimonoseki 1056:300 AD – 538 AD 177: 19085:Japanese nationalism 18822:Kingdom of Kampuchea 18306:Civil Affairs Bureau 18266:Yarūto Subprefecture 18262:Ponape Subprefecture 18246:Saipan Subprefecture 18186:Shinchiku Prefecture 18076:Ushiro Subprefecture 18048:Rūtaka Subprefecture 17813:Surrender of Germany 17291:Battle of West Hubei 17248:Guadalcanal campaign 17218:Battle of Stalingrad 17144:Battle of Madagascar 15918:Albania protectorate 15705:(formerly Swaziland) 15414:Wehrmacht war crimes 15230:Expulsion of Germans 15014:Art and World War II 14912:British contribution 14861:Governments in exile 14586:Treaty of Versailles 14302:Mount Lebanon famine 14217:in the United States 14185:Russian occupations 13899:Turkish–Armenian War 13840:Polish–Ukrainian War 13780:Ukrainian–Soviet War 13727:Central Asian Revolt 13517:Armistice of Focșani 13247:Battle of Sarikamish 13197:Battle of Tannenberg 12593:Military engagements 12535:Political dissidence 12384:Occupied territories 12122:General Election Law 11946:Taiwan Army of Japan 11293:at Wikimedia Commons 10947:Kawade Shobō Shinsha 10936:Illustrated life of 10911:. Lawrence, Kansas: 10735:on December 4, 2018. 10136:on November 12, 2010 10049:Duus, Peter (1995). 9631:. September 4, 2021. 8810:, "Promote Industry" 8496:Dynasties of China. 8254:(March 26). Admiral 8245:Battle of Leyte Gulf 8205:(May 4–8). U.S. and 8187:Singapore surrenders 8048:February 26 Incident 8046:1936: Coup attempt ( 8013:is established with 7950:Timeline (1926–1947) 7728:Shin'ichirō Tomonaga 7385:Matsusaburo Fujiwara 6865:Kamakichi Kishinouye 6845:Yamagiwa Katsusaburō 6795:Kitasato Shibasaburō 6387:Japanese archipelago 6109:: Governor of Taiwan 5938:Treaty of Portsmouth 5715:US occupation forces 5520:Operation Starvation 5466:on July 24 during a 5264:fell to the Japanese 5243:island of Corregidor 5239:the Bataan Peninsula 5009:became known as the 4649:Japanese nationalism 4521:Imperial Crown Style 4482:direct imperial rule 4459:February 26 Incident 4448:Imperial Way Faction 4433:February 26 Incident 4392:February 26 Incident 4384:Imperial Way Faction 4376:Japanese nationalism 4348:Imperial Youth Corps 4237:improve this article 4034:Far Eastern Republic 3650:annex Korea outright 3627:Treaty of Portsmouth 3204:Economic development 3037:1964 Summer Olympics 3010:Japanese nationalism 2819:moved on to work in 2634:, Yamaguchi Masuka, 2423:. They responded by 2048:, Japan underwent a 1969:Japanese archipelago 1724:World Heritage Sites 1442:February 26 incident 1347:Treaty of Portsmouth 1208:Battle of Sekigahara 1104:Later Three-Year War 715:Founding of the IRAA 249:Occupied territories 29:Country in East Asia 19026:35.68250; 139.75278 19017: / 18968:Occupied New Guinea 18749:Kingdom of Thailand 18254:Yappu Subprefecture 18250:Parao Subprefecture 18068:Honto Subprefecture 18060:Maoka Subprefecture 18036:Karafuto Prefecture 17903:Potsdam Declaration 17792:Italy (Spring 1945) 17555:Liberation of Paris 17012:Siege of Sevastopol 16030:(until August 1944) 15933:Wang Jingwei regime 15755:from September 1943 15715:from September 1944 15653:from September 1944 15513:Romanian war crimes 15504:Persecution of Jews 15490:Croatian war crimes 15460:Japanese war crimes 15274:Occupation of Japan 15223:First Indochina War 14935:Military production 14847:Declarations of war 14653:They shall not pass 14576:Treaty of Bucharest 14533:Treaty of Bucharest 14472:USA against Germany 14449:Declarations of war 14153:German occupations 14066:British casualties 13925:Soviet–Georgian War 13852:Egyptian Revolution 13792:Armeno-Georgian War 13656:Somaliland campaign 13615:Armistice of Mudros 13492:Battle of Caporetto 13482:Battle of Mărășești 13452:Zimmermann telegram 13447:February Revolution 13392:Battle of the Somme 13316:Bug-Narew Offensive 13291:Battle of Gallipoli 13283:Sinking of the RMS 13075:Scramble for Africa 13069:Franco-Prussian War 12725:Sinai and Palestine 12354:Wang Jingwei regime 12264:Potsdam Declaration 12255:Soviet–Japanese War 12210:Anti-Comintern Pact 12200:January 28 incident 12185:London Naval Treaty 12062:Triple Intervention 11891:Supreme War Council 11775:deliberative bodies 11337:Occupation of Japan 11243:. Continuum Press. 11208:A Diplomat in Japan 11204:Satow, Ernest Mason 10964:Hotta, Eri (2013). 10547:Monumenta Nipponica 9834:Nimura, K. (1997). 9797:history.hanover.edu 9760:The Washington Post 9364:, pp. 310–311. 9316:, pp. 314–315. 8877:on February 2, 2017 8219:Battle of Milne Bay 8183:Battle of Palembang 8147:in the wake of the 7959:dies (December 25). 7798:Shigeyoshi Matsumae 7793:Takahiko Yamanouchi 7266:Kōnosuke Matsushita 7075:Kinichiro Sakaguchi 6871:Yasuyoshi Shirasawa 6833:Ishikawa Chiyomatsu 5618:Occupation of Japan 5612:Occupation of Japan 5579:Potsdam Declaration 5566:and the subsequent 5560:division of Germany 5547:Soviet–Japanese War 5444:Potsdam Declaration 5399:Battle of Milne Bay 5245:. By January 1942, 5083:was created by the 4971:strategic materials 4704:as a result of the 4643:Prewar expansionism 4336:Double Leaf Society 4306:Japanese militarism 3943:Allied intervention 3861:on the side of the 3669:sphere of influence 3656:Annexation of Korea 3646:Karafuto Prefecture 3522:storming of Tianjin 3439:(marines) from the 3416:on behalf of Japan. 3378:Triple Intervention 3093:Japanese Parliament 2853:between Shinto and 2695:German conservatism 2681:were modeled after 2563:Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei 2314:Due to its name in 2131:. The American-led 2015:Potsdam Declaration 1947:, was the Japanese 1922:Literal Translation 1554:Imperial transition 1492:Occupation of Japan 1482:Soviet–Japanese War 1447:Anti-Comintern Pact 1322:Triple Intervention 441:military occupation 269:Military occupation 39:The Japanese Empire 18908:Occupied Singapore 18896:Occupied Hong Kong 18571:South Seas Mandate 18206:Karenkō Prefecture 18181:Taihoku Prefecture 17896:Surrender of Japan 17729:Battle of Iwo Jima 17578:Belgrade offensive 16991:Siege of Leningrad 16875:Battle of Shanggao 16804:British Somaliland 16769:Dunkirk evacuation 16720:Norwegian campaign 16658:Invasion of Poland 16485:Japanese prisoners 15453:Italian war crimes 15384:British war crimes 15299:Soviet occupations 15083:South-West Pacific 14970:Allied cooperation 14928:Military equipment 14613:Treaty of Lausanne 14528:Paris Economy Pact 14462:UK against Germany 14392:Entry into the war 14358:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 14077:Ottoman casualties 13887:Franco-Turkish War 13767:Post-War conflicts 13751:Russian Revolution 13733:Invasion of Darfur 13698:Kelantan rebellion 13686:Kurdish rebellions 13662:Mexican Revolution 13502:October Revolution 13467:Kerensky offensive 13442:Capture of Baghdad 13419:Monastir offensive 13404:Brusilov offensive 13242:Battle of Kolubara 13081:Russo-Japanese War 12077:Russo-Japanese War 12047:Two Lords Incident 11702:Imperial Household 11018:Hall, John Whitney 9841:2009-12-04 at the 8871:"National Symbols" 8756:Dai Nippon Teikoku 8252:Battle of Iwo Jima 8185:(February 13–15). 8168:conquers Hong Kong 7917:Hikosaka Tadayoshi 7808:Nobuchika Sugimura 7723:Eizaburo Nishibori 7594:Tokushichi Mishima 7512:Kiyotsugu Hirayama 7435:Tanakadate Aikitsu 7289:Kenjiro Takayanagi 7219:Noritsugu Hayakawa 6621:class field theory 6477:. You can help by 6431:. You can help by 6403: 6395: 6361:. You can help by 6240:Kawamura Sumiyoshi 6224:Battle of Tsushima 6054: 5891:, descending from 5774:Commander-in-Chief 5638:A period known as 5636: 5583:ended World War II 5516:incendiary bombing 5508:shatter its morale 5504:B-29 Superfortress 5484:Battle of Iwo Jima 5472: 5468:series of bombings 5440:Surrender of Japan 5384:Bataan Death March 5367: 5180: 5162:Japanese conquests 5111: 4944: 4796: 4732:, as the official 4694: 4577: 4436: 4294:goddess of the sun 4191:Meiji Constitution 4170: 4128:) to merge as the 4062: 4048:"Taishō Democracy" 3991:"northern problem" 3946: 3911:Twenty-One Demands 3853:South Seas Mandate 3824: 3801:surrender of Japan 3634:Theodore Roosevelt 3631:American president 3623:Battle of Tsushima 3598:Russo-Japanese War 3576:. You can help by 3557:Russo-Japanese War 3553: 3550:Russo-Japanese War 3540:Russo-Japanese War 3509:garrisons in India 3481:Fukushima Yasumasa 3476:army general staff 3468:Seymour Expedition 3418: 3394:East Asia Squadron 3358:Liaodong Peninsula 3274:O-yatoi gaikokujin 3254:capitalist economy 3236: 3097: 3083:Meiji Constitution 2963: 2946:Russian Revolution 2813:Emancipation Edict 2647: 2594: 2530: 2460:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 2376:Tokugawa shogunate 2282:Tokugawa shogunate 2208:Dai Nippon Teikoku 2062:Russo-Japanese War 1967:, it included the 1904:Official Term name 1888:Dai Nippon Teikoku 1614:Capital punishment 1590:2019–present 1512:Asset price bubble 1487:Surrender of Japan 1352:Japan–Korea Treaty 1342:Russo-Japanese War 1297:Ryūkyū Disposition 1239:Invasion of Ryukyu 1234:Tokugawa shogunate 1170:Nanboku-chō period 880:Tokugawa shogunate 741:Surrender of Japan 663:Russo-Japanese War 637:Meiji Constitution 609: • 605: • 180: 131:Gokajō no Goseimon 66:Dai Nippon Teikoku 19000: 18999: 18810:Empire of Vietnam 18583: 18582: 18575:Northern Marianas 18526:Dutch East Indies 18312: 18311: 18242:Nan'yō Government 18196:Tainan Prefecture 18191:Taichū Prefecture 17970: 17969: 17928: 17927: 17771:Battle of Okinawa 17670:Burma (1944–1945) 17504:Mariana and Palau 17284:Tunisian campaign 17109:Fall of Singapore 17033:Fall of Hong Kong 16776:Battle of Britain 16629:Operation Himmler 16538: 16537: 16202:Dutch East Indies 15845:Southern Rhodesia 15597: 15596: 15497:Genocide of Serbs 15400:German war crimes 15377:Soviet war crimes 15370:Allied war crimes 15216:Division of Korea 15195:Chinese Civil War 14993:Strategic bombing 14905:Manhattan Project 14679: 14678: 14662: 14661: 14646:The Golden Virgin 14640:Mutilated victory 14621: 14620: 14601:Treaty of Trianon 14596:Treaty of Neuilly 14503:Damascus Protocol 14376: 14375: 14336:Armenian genocide 14293:Allied blockades 14265:Belgian refugees 14048: 14047: 13958:Strategic bombing 13934: 13933: 13919:Franco-Syrian War 13893:Greco-Turkish War 13881:Anglo-Turkish War 13864:Polish–Soviet War 13798:German Revolution 13774:Russian Civil War 13757:Finnish Civil War 13590:Battle of Megiddo 13565:Battle of Goychay 13512:Battle of Cambrai 13472:Battle of Mărăști 13387:Battle of Jutland 13367:Erzurum offensive 13222:Siege of Przemyśl 13202:Siege of Tsingtao 13187:Battle of Galicia 13117:Second Balkan War 13105:Italo-Turkish War 13062:Pre-War conflicts 13048: 13047: 12938:Portuguese Empire 12854: 12853: 12816:German New Guinea 12798:Asian and Pacific 12543: 12542: 12515:Socialist thought 12463: 12462: 12402:Dutch East Indies 12364:Empire of Vietnam 12282: 12281: 12052:Satsuma Rebellion 12032:Meiji Restoration 12009: 12008: 11819: 11818: 11757:Greater East Asia 11643:Political parties 11598:Foreign relations 11346: 11345: 11325:Succeeded by 11289:Media related to 11269:978-1-405-19339-9 11176:978-0-275-94791-0 11076:Jansen, Marius B. 11040:Jansen, Marius B. 11008:978-1-135-76967-3 10922:978-0-8032-1708-9 10773:The Kuril Islands 10682:combinedfleet.com 10491:10.15055/00000288 10353:. August 12, 2015 10311:978-1-317-62637-4 10284:978-1-136-14588-9 10257:978-0-299-14873-7 10208:on April 11, 2008 10198:"戦間期台湾地方選挙に関する考察" 10088:THE ASAHI SHIMBUN 9943:978-0-7425-6716-0 9821:978-0-19-828802-2 9779:Japan Travel Blog 9171:SAGE Publications 8984:, pp. 31–32. 8762:Dai Nihon Teikoku 8553: 8552: 8540:Constitutionally 8305:comes into force. 8260:Battle of Okinawa 8195:Indian Ocean raid 8122:Hiranuma Kiichirō 8027:League of Nations 7988:Wakatsuki Reijirō 7938:Kawachi Yoshihiro 7908:Masauji Hachisuka 7903:Motonori Matuyama 7494:Harutaro Murakami 7367:Tsuruichi Hayashi 7334:Rikitaro Fujisawa 7310:Nishimura Shigeki 7231:Chikuhei Nakajima 7174:Chūhachi Ninomiya 7135:Arisaka Nariakira 7040:Michiyo Tsujimura 7004:Gen-ichi Koidzumi 6729:Tsuruko Haraguchi 6723:Tetsuji Morohashi 6717:Kyōsuke Kindaichi 6655:Koganei Yoshikiyo 6495: 6494: 6449: 6448: 6379: 6378: 6145:General Viscount 6114:Akiyama Yoshifuru 5988:Kingdom of Hawaii 5686:about Japan. The 5536:nuclear radiation 5480:Ogasawara Islands 5476:Allied submarines 5416:General MacArthur 5304:Dutch East Indies 5208:Malayan Peninsula 5184:British Hong Kong 4984:Dutch East Indies 4879:IJA 23rd Division 4344:Taisei Yokusankai 4269: 4268: 4261: 4211: 4210: 4025:Aleksandr Kolchak 3986:Terauchi Masatake 3984:. Prime Minister 3907:Mediterranean Sea 3896:League of Nations 3892:Siege of Tsingtao 3884:German New Guinea 3868:Shandong Province 3693:Korea (under the 3680:gunboat diplomacy 3594: 3593: 3338:Donghak Rebellion 3276:). Despite this, 3250:industrialization 3117:national assembly 3071:Togetsukyo Bridge 3057:Kenmu restoration 2938:Andronic Nikolsky 2890:Eastern Orthodoxy 2881:kakure kirishitan 2783:Meiji restoration 2602:Meiji Restoration 2575:siege of Hakodate 2447:. In early 1867, 2401:Namamugi Incident 2301:Meiji Restoration 2280:and the Japanese 2165:Douglas MacArthur 2009:, the formalized 1953:Meiji Restoration 1933: 1932: 1899: 1898: 1892:Dai Nihon Teikoku 1784: 1783: 1649:Foreign relations 1594: 1593: 1582:Abe assassination 1577:COVID-19 pandemic 1549:Tōhoku earthquake 1307:Satsuma Rebellion 1269:Meiji Restoration 1147:Kenmu Restoration 963: 962: 937: 936: 933: 932: 899: 898: 694:18 September 1931 624:Meiji Restoration 488:• 1926–1947 476:• 1912–1926 464:• 1868–1912 412:absolute monarchy 314:Tokyo (1943–1947) 175: 71:Dai Nihon Teikoku 16:(Redirected from 19137: 19032: 19031: 19029: 19028: 19027: 19022: 19018: 19015: 19014: 19013: 19010: 18966: 18965: 18964: 18954: 18953: 18952: 18942: 18941: 18940: 18930: 18929: 18928: 18918: 18917: 18916: 18906: 18905: 18904: 18894: 18893: 18892: 18881: 18880: 18879: 18868: 18867: 18866: 18856: 18855: 18854: 18844: 18843: 18842: 18832: 18831: 18830: 18820: 18819: 18818: 18808: 18807: 18806: 18798:French Indochina 18796: 18795: 18794: 18784: 18782: 18781: 18771: 18770: 18769: 18759: 18758: 18757: 18747: 18746: 18745: 18735: 18734: 18733: 18723: 18722: 18721: 18711: 18710: 18709: 18699: 18698: 18697: 18687: 18686: 18685: 18675: 18674: 18673: 18663: 18662: 18661: 18651: 18650: 18649: 18639: 18638: 18637: 18610: 18603: 18596: 18587: 18586: 18548:Portuguese Timor 18436: 18375:Christmas Island 18339: 18332: 18325: 18316: 18315: 18283:Governor-General 18211:Taitō Prefecture 18201:Takao Prefecture 18176:Governor-General 18093:Governor-General 17997: 17990: 17983: 17974: 17973: 17963: 17956: 17949: 17946:World portal 17944: 17943: 17919: 17912: 17905: 17898: 17889: 17882: 17875: 17866: 17859: 17852: 17845: 17838: 17831: 17822: 17815: 17808: 17806:Prague offensive 17801: 17799:Battle of Berlin 17794: 17787: 17780: 17773: 17766: 17759: 17752: 17745: 17743:Vienna offensive 17738: 17731: 17724: 17722:Battle of Manila 17717: 17697: 17688: 17679: 17672: 17663: 17656: 17649: 17642: 17635: 17628: 17621: 17612: 17603: 17596: 17587: 17580: 17573: 17566: 17557: 17550: 17543: 17536: 17529: 17522: 17515: 17506: 17499: 17490: 17481: 17472: 17465: 17463:Korsun–Cherkassy 17458: 17447: 17425: 17416: 17409: 17402: 17395: 17388: 17381: 17374: 17365: 17358: 17351: 17344: 17335: 17328: 17321: 17314: 17307: 17305:Bombing of Gorky 17300: 17293: 17286: 17266: 17259: 17250: 17243: 17236: 17227: 17220: 17213: 17206: 17195: 17188: 17181: 17174: 17172:Battle of Midway 17167: 17160: 17158:Battle of Gazala 17153: 17146: 17139: 17132: 17125: 17118: 17111: 17091: 17084: 17077: 17070: 17068:Battle of Borneo 17063: 17061:Malayan campaign 17056: 17049: 17042: 17035: 17028: 17021: 17014: 17007: 17005:Bombing of Gorky 17000: 16998:Battle of Moscow 16993: 16986: 16979: 16972: 16965: 16958: 16942: 16935: 16928: 16921: 16914: 16907: 16898: 16891: 16884: 16877: 16870: 16850: 16841: 16834: 16827: 16820: 16813: 16806: 16799: 16792: 16785: 16778: 16771: 16764: 16762:Battle of France 16757: 16750: 16743: 16736: 16729: 16722: 16702: 16695: 16688: 16681: 16674: 16667: 16660: 16638: 16631: 16624: 16617: 16615:Munich Agreement 16610: 16603: 16594: 16587: 16580: 16571: 16564: 16549: 16548: 16531: 16524: 16515: 16508: 16501: 16500:Soviet prisoners 16494: 16487: 16480: 16471: 16464: 16455: 16448: 16441: 16440:German prisoners 16436: 16416: 16407: 16400: 16393: 16388: 16381: 16374: 16367: 16360: 16353: 16346: 16339: 16332: 16325: 16318: 16311: 16304: 16297: 16288: 16281: 16274: 16267: 16260: 16253: 16246: 16239: 16232: 16225: 16218: 16211: 16204: 16197: 16190: 16183: 16176: 16169: 16162: 16142: 16135: 16128: 16121: 16114: 16107: 16100: 16093: 16086: 16079: 16072: 16052: 16045: 16038: 16031: 16023: 16016: 16009: 16000: 15993: 15985: 15978: 15976:French Indochina 15971: 15964: 15957: 15950: 15942: 15935: 15928: 15920: 15900: 15891: 15884: 15875: 15868: 15861: 15854: 15847: 15840: 15833: 15826: 15823:from August 1944 15814: 15807: 15800: 15793: 15786: 15779: 15772: 15765: 15758: 15746: 15739: 15732: 15725: 15718: 15706: 15698: 15691: 15684: 15677: 15670: 15663: 15656: 15644: 15637: 15630: 15623: 15608: 15607: 15588: 15581: 15574: 15567: 15560: 15549: 15534: 15527: 15520: 15515: 15506: 15499: 15492: 15483: 15476: 15469: 15467:Nanjing Massacre 15462: 15455: 15446: 15444:Nuremberg trials 15437: 15430: 15423: 15416: 15409: 15402: 15393: 15386: 15379: 15372: 15352: 15345: 15338: 15329: 15322: 15315: 15308: 15301: 15294: 15285: 15276: 15269: 15262: 15255: 15246: 15239: 15232: 15225: 15218: 15211: 15204: 15197: 15177: 15168: 15161: 15154: 15145: 15138: 15131: 15124: 15115: 15108: 15101: 15092: 15085: 15078: 15071: 15064: 15057: 15050: 15048:Asia and Pacific 15030: 15023: 15016: 15009: 15002: 14995: 14988: 14979: 14977:Mulberry harbour 14972: 14965: 14958: 14951: 14944: 14937: 14930: 14923: 14914: 14907: 14900: 14891: 14884: 14877: 14870: 14863: 14856: 14849: 14842: 14835: 14828: 14819: 14812: 14797: 14796: 14785: 14778: 14769: 14762: 14755: 14748: 14741: 14734: 14727: 14706: 14699: 14692: 14683: 14682: 14606:Treaty of Sèvres 14498:Treaty of London 14389: 14388: 14167:Northeast France 14098: 14097: 14070:Parliamentarians 14003: 14002: 13965:Chemical weapons 13943: 13942: 13704:Senussi campaign 13674:Muscat rebellion 13668:Maritz rebellion 13585:Vardar offensive 13414:Battle of Romani 13382:Battle of Asiago 13372:Battle of Verdun 13336:Kosovo offensive 13111:First Balkan War 13059: 13058: 12958:Russian Republic 12867: 12866: 12661: 12660: 12603:Economic history 12570: 12563: 12556: 12547: 12546: 12505:Shinmin no Michi 12495:Internment camps 12407:French Indochina 12291: 12290: 12137:Taishō Democracy 12018: 12017: 11941:Japanese holdout 11828: 11827: 11752:Colonial Affairs 11686: 11685: 11613:Yokusan Sonendan 11519: 11511: 11503: 11487: 11486: 11413:Economic history 11372: 11365: 11358: 11349: 11348: 11314:History of Japan 11300:Preceded by 11297: 11296: 11288: 11273: 11254: 11235: 11229: 11221: 11199: 11180: 11159: 11138: 11126: 11112: 11093: 11061: 11049: 11035: 11016:Jansen, Marius; 11012: 10993: 10987: 10979: 10960: 10942:Ōkubo Toshimichi 10926: 10900: 10881: 10855: 10835: 10834: 10818: 10812: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10768: 10762: 10761: 10743: 10737: 10736: 10725: 10719: 10709: 10703: 10692: 10686: 10685: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10666:. April 9, 2012. 10656: 10650: 10649: 10638: 10629: 10628: 10616: 10610: 10604: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10585: 10577: 10571: 10570: 10538: 10532: 10531: 10501: 10495: 10494: 10474: 10468: 10467: 10447: 10441: 10440: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10412:on July 26, 2011 10394: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10328: 10322: 10316: 10315: 10295: 10289: 10288: 10268: 10262: 10261: 10242: 10236: 10224: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10168: 10159: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10132:. Archived from 10126:"Polish orphans" 10122: 10116: 10115: 10113: 10111: 10097: 10091: 10074: 10065: 10064: 10046: 10040: 10039: 10031: 10025: 10019: 10008: 10002: 9975: 9969: 9963: 9957: 9948: 9947: 9927: 9921: 9915: 9909: 9899: 9893: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9873: 9864: 9858: 9855: 9849: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9807: 9801: 9800: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9734: 9725: 9719: 9718: 9717:. July 11, 2019. 9707: 9701: 9700: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9657: 9651: 9650: 9639: 9633: 9632: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9602: 9596: 9595: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9554: 9548: 9543: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9532: 9521: 9515: 9510: 9504: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9462: 9456: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9429: 9423: 9417: 9407: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9371: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9347: 9341: 9335: 9329: 9323: 9317: 9311: 9305: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9272: 9266: 9261:Stephen J. Lee. 9259: 9250: 9249: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9213: 9207: 9206: 9156: 9143: 9142: 9137: 9135: 9129: 9080: 9071: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9000: 8985: 8979: 8970: 8964: 8958: 8957: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8922: 8916: 8915: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8873:. Archived from 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8846: 8824: 8817: 8811: 8809: 8808: 8803: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8789: 8783: 8771: 8765: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8744: 8738: 8722: 8716: 8713: 8641: 8636: 8635: 8627: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8602: 8590: 8578: 8566: 8473: 8472: 8471: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8445: 8444: 8443: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8373: 8372: 8371: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8328:Period of reign 8314: 8313: 8247:(October 23–26). 8234:Battle of Tarawa 8225:(October 25–27). 8215:Battle of Midway 8151:, and signs the 8101:Nanjing Massacre 8090:captures Beijing 8088:(July 7). Japan 7998:(September 18). 7978:Osachi Hamaguchi 7941:Katsutada Sezawa 7934:Toshihiko Izutsu 7921:Bunsaku Arakatsu 7848:Hiroshi Nakamura 7838:Yasunori Miyoshi 7833:Katsuzo Kuronuma 7738:Shokichi Iyanaga 7718:Noriaki Fukuyama 7708:Ryoichi Nakagawa 7698:Katsuji Miyazaki 7626: 7609: 7592: 7565:Yasuhiko Asahina 7563: 7552: 7537:Masatoshi Ōkōchi 7529: 7521: 7482:Akitsune Imamura 7474: 7423:Yamakawa Kenjirō 7417:Jōkichi Takamine 7400: 7352:Paul Tsuchihashi 7340:Mitsutaro Shirai 7275: 7252: 7213:Yoshisuke Aikawa 7168:Kotaro Shimomura 7159:Mikimoto Kōkichi 7102:Tanaka Hisashige 7061: 7034:Chōzaburō Tanaka 7010:Makoto Nishimura 6992:Takenoshin Nakai 6986:Kunihiko Hashida 6974:Hakaru Hashimoto 6960: 6949: 6940:Fukushi Masaichi 6932: 6915: 6898: 6889:Heijiro Nakayama 6859:Fujiro Katsurada 6854: 6821:Aoyama Tanemichi 6804: 6735:Shinobu Orikuchi 6715: 6682:Masaharu Anesaki 6613: 6594: 6574: 6564: 6563: 6554: 6553: 6535: 6516: 6490: 6487: 6469: 6462: 6444: 6441: 6423: 6416: 6374: 6371: 6353: 6346: 6329:Morio Matsudaira 6310:Marshal Admiral 6306:Battle of Midway 6298:Isoroku Yamamoto 6296:Marshal Admiral 6289:Marshal Admiral 6277:Akiyama Saneyuki 6255:Marshal Admiral 6245:Marshal Admiral 6228:Marshal Admiral 6215:Marshal Admiral 6079:Yamagata Aritomo 6047:Kageaki Kawamura 5908: 5897:Tokyo Prefecture 5893:Emperor Murakami 5884: 5868: 5853: 5806:Yamagata Aritomo 5720:Japanese history 5595:Emperor Hirohito 5573:Having ignored ( 5424:Palawan massacre 5392:Battle of Midway 5364:Battle of Midway 5306:, defeating the 5300:Dutch New Guinea 5272:prisoners of war 5251:Manuel L. Quezon 5178:in February 1942 5144:European Theatre 5140:Benito Mussolini 5138:of Germany, and 5119:Isoroku Yamamoto 5082: 5064: 5058: 5034:Second World War 4967:French Indochina 4899:IJA 7th Division 4861:Treaty of Peking 4819:Nanjing Massacre 4755: 4723: 4614:Great Depression 4563:Economic factors 4541:Shimoda Kikutaro 4531:, and sometimes 4510:personality cult 4501:Stanley G. Payne 4284:, beginning the 4264: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4244: 4221: 4213: 4206: 4203: 4180: 4172: 4137: 4136: 4124: 4123: 4115: 4114: 4082:The election of 4066:Taishō Democracy 3880:Marshall Islands 3793:Korean Peninsula 3790: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3773: 3761: 3760: 3743: 3742: 3725: 3724: 3642:50 degrees North 3640:Island south of 3589: 3586: 3568: 3561: 3285:New Currency Act 3101:Meiji government 3091:Interior of the 3077:Political reform 3028:Japanese castles 3026:The majority of 3003: 2996: 2885: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2791:Senmin Haishirei 2718:Fukuzawa Yukichi 2675:foreign advisors 2666:in exchange for 2644:Ōkubo Toshimichi 2547: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2407:, by a party of 2380:unequal treaties 2365:Matthew C. Perry 2363:which came when 2262: 2254: 2242: 2234: 2226: 2218: 2216: 2215: 2098:Nanjing Massacre 2070:Great Depression 2031: 1895: 1894: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1830: 1829: 1814: 1813: 1786: 1785: 1776: 1769: 1762: 1606: 1507:Economic miracle 1422:Nanking incident 1417:Financial crisis 1254:Perry Expedition 1228: 1137:Mongol invasions 1016:before 14,000 BC 1006: 1005: 1001: 988: 978:History of Japan 965: 964: 929: 928: 915: 914: 903: 902: 890: 889: 876: 875: 869: 868: 853: 852: 746:2 September 1945 642:11 February 1889 334: 238: 216: Colonies ( 215: 204: 189: 176: 107: 93: 62: 61: 48: 47: 21: 19145: 19144: 19140: 19139: 19138: 19136: 19135: 19134: 19045:Empire of Japan 19035: 19034: 19025: 19023: 19019: 19016: 19011: 19008: 19006: 19004: 19003: 19001: 18996: 18973: 18972: 18962: 18960: 18950: 18948: 18938: 18936: 18926: 18924: 18914: 18912: 18902: 18900: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18877: 18875: 18870:Occupied Malaya 18864: 18862: 18852: 18850: 18840: 18838: 18828: 18826: 18816: 18814: 18804: 18802: 18792: 18790: 18779: 18777: 18767: 18765: 18755: 18753: 18743: 18741: 18731: 18729: 18719: 18717: 18707: 18705: 18695: 18693: 18683: 18681: 18671: 18669: 18659: 18657: 18647: 18645: 18635: 18633: 18624: 18618:Empire of Japan 18614: 18584: 18579: 18554: 18475: 18437: 18428: 18424:Solomon Islands 18380:Gilbert Islands 18356: 18350:Empire of Japan 18343: 18313: 18308: 18269: 18219: 18216:Hōko Prefecture 18163: 18080: 18011: 18001: 17971: 17966: 17959: 17952: 17938: 17936: 17924: 17915: 17908: 17901: 17894: 17885: 17878: 17871: 17862: 17857:Atomic bombings 17855: 17848: 17841: 17834: 17827: 17818: 17811: 17804: 17797: 17790: 17783: 17776: 17769: 17762: 17755: 17748: 17741: 17734: 17727: 17720: 17713: 17700: 17693: 17682: 17675: 17668: 17659: 17652: 17645: 17638: 17631: 17624: 17615: 17606: 17599: 17590: 17583: 17576: 17569: 17560: 17553: 17548:Eastern Romania 17546: 17541:Warsaw Uprising 17539: 17534:Tannenberg Line 17532: 17525: 17520:Western Ukraine 17518: 17509: 17502: 17493: 17484: 17475: 17468: 17461: 17450: 17441: 17428: 17421: 17412: 17405: 17398: 17391: 17384: 17377: 17370: 17361: 17354: 17347: 17338: 17331: 17324: 17317: 17312:Battle of Kursk 17310: 17303: 17296: 17289: 17282: 17269: 17262: 17253: 17246: 17239: 17230: 17223: 17216: 17209: 17200: 17191: 17184: 17177: 17170: 17163: 17156: 17149: 17142: 17135: 17128: 17123:St Nazaire Raid 17121: 17114: 17107: 17094: 17087: 17080: 17073: 17066: 17059: 17052: 17045: 17038: 17031: 17024: 17017: 17010: 17003: 16996: 16989: 16982: 16975: 16968: 16961: 16947: 16938: 16931: 16924: 16917: 16910: 16905:Anglo-Iraqi War 16903: 16896:Battle of Crete 16894: 16887: 16880: 16873: 16866: 16853: 16844: 16837: 16830: 16825:Eastern Romania 16823: 16816: 16809: 16802: 16795: 16788: 16781: 16774: 16767: 16760: 16753: 16746: 16739: 16732: 16725: 16718: 16705: 16698: 16691: 16684: 16677: 16670: 16663: 16656: 16643: 16634: 16627: 16620: 16613: 16606: 16599: 16590: 16583: 16576: 16567: 16560: 16534: 16527: 16520: 16511: 16504: 16499: 16490: 16483: 16476: 16467: 16460: 16451: 16444: 16439: 16432: 16419: 16412: 16403: 16396: 16391: 16386:Western Ukraine 16384: 16377: 16370: 16363: 16356: 16349: 16342: 16335: 16330:Northeast China 16328: 16321: 16314: 16307: 16300: 16293: 16284: 16277: 16270: 16263: 16256: 16249: 16242: 16235: 16228: 16221: 16214: 16207: 16200: 16193: 16186: 16179: 16172: 16165: 16158: 16145: 16138: 16131: 16124: 16117: 16110: 16103: 16096: 16089: 16082: 16075: 16068: 16055: 16048: 16041: 16036:Slovak Republic 16034: 16026: 16019: 16012: 16007:Empire of Japan 16005: 15996: 15988: 15981: 15974: 15967: 15960: 15953: 15945: 15938: 15931: 15923: 15916: 15903: 15896: 15887: 15880: 15871: 15864: 15857: 15850: 15843: 15836: 15829: 15817: 15810: 15803: 15796: 15789: 15782: 15775: 15768: 15761: 15749: 15742: 15735: 15728: 15721: 15709: 15701: 15694: 15687: 15680: 15673: 15666: 15659: 15647: 15640: 15633: 15626: 15619: 15593: 15584: 15577: 15570: 15563: 15552: 15537: 15530: 15523: 15519:Sexual violence 15518: 15511: 15502: 15495: 15488: 15479: 15472: 15465: 15458: 15451: 15442: 15433: 15426: 15419: 15412: 15405: 15398: 15389: 15382: 15375: 15368: 15355: 15348: 15341: 15334: 15325: 15318: 15311: 15304: 15297: 15288: 15279: 15272: 15265: 15258: 15249: 15242: 15237:Greek Civil War 15235: 15228: 15221: 15214: 15207: 15200: 15193: 15180: 15173: 15164: 15157: 15150: 15141: 15134: 15127: 15120: 15111: 15104: 15097: 15088: 15081: 15074: 15067: 15062:South-East Asia 15060: 15053: 15046: 15033: 15026: 15019: 15012: 15005: 14998: 14991: 14984: 14975: 14968: 14961: 14954: 14947: 14940: 14933: 14926: 14921:Military awards 14919: 14910: 14903: 14896: 14887: 14880: 14873: 14866: 14859: 14852: 14845: 14838: 14831: 14824: 14815: 14808: 14788: 14781: 14774: 14765: 14758: 14751: 14746: 14737: 14730: 14723: 14715: 14710: 14680: 14675: 14658: 14617: 14549: 14542: 14513:Treaty of Darin 14481: 14443: 14399:Austria-Hungary 14385: 14372: 14353:Rape of Belgium 14280: 14252: 14200: 14194:Western Armenia 14189:Eastern Galicia 14122: 14096: 14060: 14059:Civilian impact 14058: 14044: 14001: 13930: 13762: 13692:Ovambo Uprising 13644: 13526: 13428: 13355: 13273:Battle of Łomża 13256: 13252:Christmas truce 13227:Race to the Sea 13160: 13122: 13044: 13015:Austria-Hungary 12991: 12926:Empire of Japan 12863: 12861: 12850: 12834:U-boat campaign 12820: 12792: 12754: 12706: 12652: 12633:Popular culture 12579: 12574: 12544: 12539: 12525:Yasukuni Shrine 12459: 12436: 12378: 12332: 12278: 12230:Tripartite Pact 12225:Rape of Nanking 12161: 12147:Tapani incident 12091: 12067:Boxer Rebellion 12025: 12005: 11969: 11960: 11909: 11900: 11835: 11815: 11809:Representatives 11777: 11774: 11773:Legislative and 11766: 11732:Foreign Affairs 11695: 11692: 11677: 11576: 11555:Government Seal 11540:Rising Sun Flag 11523: 11517: 11509: 11501: 11488: 11479: 11381: 11379:Empire of Japan 11376: 11342: 11340: 11334: 11332: 11321: 11318:Empire of Japan 11316: 11309: 11307: 11291:Empire of Japan 11281: 11276: 11270: 11251: 11223: 11222: 11218: 11196: 11177: 11135: 11109: 11090: 11070:Wayback Machine 11058: 11032: 11009: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10957: 10933: 10923: 10905:Drea, Edward J. 10897: 10853: 10844: 10839: 10838: 10819: 10815: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10790: 10784: 10780: 10769: 10765: 10758: 10744: 10740: 10727: 10726: 10722: 10710: 10706: 10693: 10689: 10676: 10675: 10671: 10664:GMA News Online 10658: 10657: 10653: 10640: 10639: 10632: 10617: 10613: 10605: 10601: 10593: 10589: 10578: 10574: 10539: 10535: 10528: 10502: 10498: 10475: 10471: 10448: 10444: 10429: 10425: 10415: 10413: 10396: 10395: 10391: 10381: 10379: 10371: 10370: 10366: 10356: 10354: 10345: 10344: 10340: 10335: 10331: 10323: 10319: 10312: 10296: 10292: 10285: 10269: 10265: 10258: 10244: 10243: 10239: 10225: 10221: 10211: 10209: 10196: 10195: 10191: 10181: 10179: 10170: 10169: 10162: 10153: 10149: 10139: 10137: 10124: 10123: 10119: 10109: 10107: 10099: 10098: 10094: 10084:Wayback Machine 10075: 10068: 10061: 10047: 10043: 10032: 10028: 10020: 10011: 10003: 9978: 9970: 9966: 9958: 9951: 9944: 9928: 9924: 9916: 9912: 9901:Itsuo Hamaoka, 9900: 9896: 9887: 9883: 9871: 9865: 9861: 9856: 9852: 9843:Wayback Machine 9833: 9829: 9822: 9808: 9804: 9791: 9790: 9786: 9771: 9767: 9752: 9748: 9732: 9726: 9722: 9715:Japan Reference 9709: 9708: 9704: 9689: 9685: 9674: 9670: 9659: 9658: 9654: 9641: 9640: 9636: 9623: 9622: 9618: 9603: 9599: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9544: 9540: 9530: 9528: 9523: 9522: 9518: 9511: 9507: 9501:Wayback Machine 9492: 9488: 9477: 9473: 9464: 9463: 9459: 9451: 9447: 9439: 9432: 9424: 9420: 9408: 9404: 9396: 9392: 9372: 9368: 9360: 9356: 9348: 9344: 9336: 9332: 9324: 9320: 9312: 9308: 9300: 9296: 9289: 9273: 9269: 9260: 9253: 9238: 9234: 9226: 9222: 9214: 9210: 9157: 9146: 9133: 9131: 9127: 9078: 9072: 9068: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9038: 9034: 9026: 9022: 9012: 9010: 9002: 9001: 8988: 8980: 8973: 8965: 8961: 8948: 8944: 8937: 8923: 8919: 8912: 8894: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8847: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8827: 8818: 8814: 8804: 8800: 8790: 8786: 8772: 8768: 8745: 8741: 8723: 8719: 8714: 8710: 8705: 8639:Politics portal 8637: 8630: 8623: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8606: 8603: 8594: 8591: 8582: 8579: 8570: 8567: 8558: 8467: 8465: 8454: 8452: 8439: 8437: 8418: 8416: 8405: 8403: 8390: 8388: 8378: 8367: 8365: 8354: 8352: 8339: 8337: 8325:Childhood name 8318:Posthumous name 8312: 8270:(August 6) and 8221:(September 5). 8179:Battle of Ambon 8172:Paracel Islands 8155:(September 27). 8153:Tripartite Pact 8137:Mitsumasa Yonai 8126:Spratly Islands 8078:Senjūrō Hayashi 8069:established in 8000:Inukai Tsuyoshi 7996:Mukden Incident 7952: 7947: 7858:Yusuke Hagihara 7853:Ukichiro Nakaya 7788:Taketani Mitsuo 7773:Yutaka Taniyama 7703:Shinroku Momose 7668:Tatsuo Hasegawa 7653:Satosi Watanabe 7638: 7633: 7611:Hakaru Masumoto 7571:Satoyasu Iimori 7531:Torahiko Terada 7459:Fusakichi Omori 7453:Hantaro Nagaoka 7412: 7407: 7358:Kintarô Okamura 7322:Kikuchi Dairoku 7299: 7294: 7260:Tokuji Hayakawa 7225:Miekichi Suzuki 7097: 7092: 7087:Genkei Masamune 7052:Ikuro Takahashi 7016:Shintarō Hirase 6923:Kensuke Mitsuda 6839:Tomitaro Makino 6827:Yoichirō Hirase 6812:Jinzō Matsumura 6806:Hirase Sakugorō 6789:Takaki Kanehiro 6780:Nagai Nagayoshi 6751: 6746: 6741:Zenchū Nakahara 6700:Ryūsaku Tsunoda 6694:Ushinosuke Mori 6643:Ōtsuki Fumihiko 6638: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6628: 6614: 6605: 6595: 6586: 6575: 6566: 6539:Ōtsuki Fumihiko 6536: 6527: 6520:Hirase Sakugorō 6517: 6505: 6500: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6475:needs expansion 6460: 6454: 6445: 6439: 6436: 6429:needs expansion 6414: 6408: 6375: 6369: 6366: 6359:needs expansion 6344: 6338: 6286: 6267:Katō Tomosaburō 6220:Tōgō Heihachirō 6207:Marshal Admiral 6203: 6198: 6189:Yoshijirō Umezu 6175:Senjūrō Hayashi 6168:Hajime Sugiyama 6161:Kotohito Kan'in 6156: 6137:Minister of War 6133:Ōshima Ken'ichi 6121:Kuroki Tamemoto 6100:Nozu Michitsura 6093:Komatsu Akihito 6071: 6066: 6035:Heihachirō Tōgō 6027: 6021: 5966:: envoy to the 5944:Mutsu Munemitsu 5922: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5900: 5889:Imperial Family 5885: 5876: 5869: 5860: 5854: 5797:Komatsu Akihito 5770:Imperial Family 5765: 5760: 5754: 5620: 5614: 5609: 5543:Yalta agreement 5524:nuclear weapons 5450: 5438:Main articles: 5436: 5324: 5235:the Philippines 5218:Prince of Wales 5216:sinking of HMS 5164: 5148:Pacific Theater 5103: 5095:Main articles: 5093: 4995:Tripartite Pact 4956:racial equality 4933:Tripartite Pact 4925: 4919:Tripartite Pact 4917:Main articles: 4915: 4913:Tripartite Pact 4903:Neutrality Pact 4853: 4841:Main articles: 4839: 4800:Chiang Kai-shek 4776: 4770: 4690:Mukden Incident 4686:Northeast China 4674: 4664:Mukden Incident 4662:Main articles: 4660: 4655: 4647:Main articles: 4645: 4640: 4628:Main articles: 4626: 4565: 4476:, a brother of 4474:Prince Chichibu 4452:Emperor worship 4412:Kazushige Ugaki 4400: 4394: 4388:May 15 Incident 4374:Main articles: 4372: 4308: 4302: 4292:, the Japanese 4275: 4265: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4234: 4222: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4187:needs expansion 4181: 4159: 4143:Rikken Minseitō 4141:) in 1927. The 4130:Rikken Minseitō 4058:Itagaki Taisuke 4050: 4042:Katō Tomosaburō 3998:Japanese troops 3960: 3948:Main articles: 3927: 3870:as well as the 3855: 3849: 3837:Main articles: 3835: 3830: 3813: 3776: 3728:Ilje gangjeomgi 3664: 3658: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3574:needs expansion 3559: 3542: 3464:Shimamura Hayao 3428: 3422:Boxer Rebellion 3420:Main articles: 3402: 3400:Boxer Rebellion 3319:tributary state 3307: 3299:Main articles: 3297: 3278:social mobility 3246: 3238:Main articles: 3206: 3085: 3079: 3045:Shinbutsu bunri 2906:Lenten Triodion 2871: 2836:Blood tax riots 2779: 2769: 2757:Main articles: 2755: 2685:, described by 2668:Sakhalin island 2651:Iwakura Mission 2608: 2596:Main articles: 2583: 2571:Republic of Ezo 2533: 2506: 2500: 2468:imperial palace 2437:Kinmon incident 2341: 2335: 2330: 2289:Empire of Japan 2210: 2204: 2058:Boxer Rebellion 2025: 1941:Japanese Empire 1937:Empire of Japan 1912:Japanese Empire 1890: 1827: 1811: 1789:Japanese Empire 1780: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1586: 1562:1989–2019 1559: 1558: 1519:1926–1989 1516: 1477:Atomic bombings 1452:Tripartite Pact 1437:May 15 incident 1427:Mukden Incident 1398:1912–1926 1395: 1394: 1365:1868–1912 1362: 1361: 1337:Boxer Rebellion 1282:1603–1868 1279: 1278: 1226: 1216:1573–1603 1213: 1212: 1191:Azuchi–Momoyama 1183:1336–1573 1180: 1179: 1155:1185–1333 1152: 1151: 1114: 1113: 1084:710 – 794 1081: 1070:538 – 710 1067: 1053: 1039: 1003: 1002: 999: 991: 959: 926: 912: 894:Republic of Ezo 887: 873: 847: 814: 804: 756: 743: 733:7 December 1941 730: 720:12 October 1940 717: 704: 691: 689:Mukden Incident 678: 668:8 February 1904 665: 652: 639: 626: 588: 572: 558: 553: 535:Shigeru Yoshida 531: 519: 489: 477: 465: 443: 436: 422: 414: 398: 360: 332: 317: 300: 267: 264:Sovereign state 255: 254: 251: 236: 232: 213: 209: 202: 162: 160: 159: 157: 151: 149: 147: 133: 129: 125: 123: 115: 114: 113: 108: 100: 99: 94: 76: 75: 69: 53: 52:Empire of Japan 44: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19143: 19133: 19132: 19127: 19122: 19117: 19112: 19107: 19102: 19097: 19092: 19087: 19082: 19077: 19072: 19067: 19062: 19057: 19052: 19047: 18998: 18997: 18995: 18994: 18989: 18984: 18978: 18975: 18974: 18971: 18970: 18958: 18946: 18934: 18932:Occupied Nauru 18922: 18910: 18898: 18886: 18874: 18872: 18860: 18848: 18836: 18824: 18812: 18800: 18788: 18775: 18763: 18761:State of Burma 18751: 18739: 18727: 18715: 18703: 18691: 18679: 18667: 18655: 18643: 18630: 18629: 18626: 18625: 18613: 18612: 18605: 18598: 18590: 18581: 18580: 18578: 18577: 18568: 18562: 18560: 18556: 18555: 18553: 18552: 18551: 18550: 18540: 18539: 18538: 18533: 18528: 18518: 18517: 18516: 18511: 18506: 18496: 18495: 18494: 18483: 18481: 18477: 18476: 18474: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18447: 18445: 18439: 18438: 18431: 18429: 18427: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18366: 18364: 18362:British Empire 18358: 18357: 18342: 18341: 18334: 18327: 18319: 18310: 18309: 18307: 18286:Kantō Bureau: 18279: 18277: 18271: 18270: 18268: 18229: 18227: 18221: 18220: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18203: 18198: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18173: 18171: 18165: 18164: 18162: 18161: 18156: 18151: 18146: 18141: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18090: 18088: 18082: 18081: 18079: 18078: 18028: 18026: 18013: 18012: 18000: 17999: 17992: 17985: 17977: 17968: 17967: 17965: 17964: 17957: 17950: 17933: 17930: 17929: 17926: 17925: 17923: 17922: 17921: 17920: 17913: 17906: 17892: 17891: 17890: 17876: 17873:South Sakhalin 17869: 17868: 17867: 17853: 17846: 17839: 17832: 17825: 17824: 17823: 17809: 17802: 17795: 17788: 17781: 17774: 17767: 17760: 17753: 17746: 17739: 17732: 17725: 17718: 17710: 17708: 17702: 17701: 17699: 17698: 17691: 17690: 17689: 17673: 17666: 17665: 17664: 17650: 17643: 17636: 17629: 17622: 17613: 17604: 17597: 17588: 17581: 17574: 17567: 17558: 17551: 17544: 17537: 17530: 17523: 17516: 17507: 17500: 17491: 17482: 17473: 17466: 17459: 17448: 17438: 17436: 17430: 17429: 17427: 17426: 17419: 17418: 17417: 17410: 17396: 17389: 17382: 17375: 17368: 17367: 17366: 17352: 17345: 17336: 17329: 17322: 17315: 17308: 17301: 17298:Battle of Attu 17294: 17287: 17279: 17277: 17271: 17270: 17268: 17267: 17260: 17251: 17244: 17237: 17228: 17221: 17214: 17207: 17198: 17197: 17196: 17189: 17175: 17168: 17161: 17154: 17147: 17140: 17133: 17126: 17119: 17112: 17104: 17102: 17096: 17095: 17093: 17092: 17085: 17078: 17071: 17064: 17057: 17050: 17047:Battle of Guam 17043: 17036: 17029: 17022: 17015: 17008: 17001: 16994: 16987: 16980: 16973: 16970:Battle of Kiev 16966: 16959: 16945: 16944: 16943: 16929: 16922: 16915: 16908: 16901: 16900: 16899: 16885: 16878: 16871: 16863: 16861: 16855: 16854: 16852: 16851: 16842: 16835: 16828: 16821: 16814: 16807: 16800: 16793: 16786: 16779: 16772: 16765: 16758: 16751: 16744: 16737: 16730: 16723: 16715: 16713: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16696: 16689: 16682: 16675: 16668: 16661: 16653: 16651: 16645: 16644: 16642: 16641: 16640: 16639: 16632: 16625: 16618: 16611: 16597: 16596: 16595: 16588: 16574: 16573: 16572: 16557: 16555: 16546: 16540: 16539: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16532: 16525: 16518: 16517: 16516: 16509: 16497: 16496: 16495: 16481: 16474: 16473: 16472: 16469:United Kingdom 16465: 16458: 16457: 16456: 16437: 16429: 16427: 16421: 16420: 16418: 16417: 16410: 16409: 16408: 16401: 16389: 16382: 16375: 16368: 16361: 16354: 16347: 16340: 16333: 16326: 16319: 16312: 16305: 16298: 16291: 16290: 16289: 16282: 16268: 16261: 16254: 16247: 16240: 16233: 16226: 16219: 16212: 16205: 16198: 16191: 16184: 16177: 16170: 16163: 16155: 16153: 16147: 16146: 16144: 16143: 16136: 16129: 16122: 16115: 16108: 16101: 16094: 16087: 16080: 16073: 16065: 16063: 16057: 16056: 16054: 16053: 16046: 16039: 16032: 16024: 16017: 16010: 16003: 16002: 16001: 15986: 15979: 15972: 15965: 15958: 15951: 15943: 15936: 15929: 15921: 15913: 15911: 15905: 15904: 15902: 15901: 15894: 15893: 15892: 15878: 15877: 15876: 15873:British Empire 15866:United Kingdom 15862: 15855: 15848: 15841: 15834: 15827: 15815: 15808: 15801: 15794: 15787: 15780: 15773: 15766: 15759: 15747: 15740: 15733: 15726: 15719: 15707: 15699: 15692: 15685: 15682:Czechoslovakia 15678: 15671: 15664: 15657: 15645: 15638: 15631: 15624: 15616: 15614: 15605: 15599: 15598: 15595: 15594: 15592: 15591: 15590: 15589: 15582: 15579:Rape of Manila 15575: 15568: 15561: 15550: 15535: 15528: 15516: 15509: 15508: 15507: 15500: 15486: 15485: 15484: 15477: 15470: 15456: 15449: 15448: 15447: 15440: 15439: 15438: 15431: 15417: 15410: 15396: 15395: 15394: 15387: 15380: 15365: 15363: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15353: 15350:United Nations 15346: 15339: 15332: 15331: 15330: 15323: 15316: 15309: 15295: 15286: 15277: 15270: 15263: 15256: 15247: 15240: 15233: 15226: 15219: 15212: 15209:Decolonization 15205: 15198: 15190: 15188: 15182: 15181: 15179: 15178: 15171: 15170: 15169: 15155: 15148: 15147: 15146: 15139: 15132: 15118: 15117: 15116: 15109: 15095: 15094: 15093: 15086: 15079: 15072: 15065: 15058: 15043: 15041: 15035: 15034: 15032: 15031: 15024: 15017: 15010: 15003: 14996: 14989: 14982: 14981: 14980: 14973: 14959: 14952: 14945: 14938: 14931: 14924: 14917: 14916: 14915: 14901: 14894: 14893: 14892: 14885: 14882:United Kingdom 14878: 14864: 14857: 14850: 14843: 14836: 14829: 14822: 14821: 14820: 14805: 14803: 14794: 14790: 14789: 14787: 14786: 14779: 14772: 14771: 14770: 14763: 14756: 14744: 14743: 14742: 14728: 14720: 14717: 14716: 14709: 14708: 14701: 14694: 14686: 14677: 14676: 14674: 14673: 14667: 14664: 14663: 14660: 14659: 14657: 14656: 14649: 14642: 14637: 14629: 14627: 14623: 14622: 14619: 14618: 14616: 14615: 14610: 14609: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14578: 14573: 14572: 14571: 14566: 14558: 14552: 14550: 14548:Peace treaties 14547: 14544: 14543: 14541: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14489: 14487: 14483: 14482: 14480: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14453: 14451: 14445: 14444: 14442: 14441: 14436: 14434:United Kingdom 14431: 14426: 14424:Ottoman Empire 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14395: 14393: 14386: 14381: 14378: 14377: 14374: 14373: 14371: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14349: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14328: 14326:Sack of Dinant 14323: 14318: 14313: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14305: 14304: 14290: 14288: 14282: 14281: 14279: 14278: 14277: 14276: 14274:United Kingdom 14271: 14262: 14260: 14254: 14253: 14251: 14250: 14249: 14248: 14243: 14234: 14228:POW locations 14226: 14221: 14220: 14219: 14210: 14208: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14198: 14197: 14196: 14191: 14183: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14151: 14150: 14149: 14144: 14136: 14130: 14128: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14104: 14102: 14095: 14094: 14093: 14092: 14087: 14079: 14074: 14073: 14072: 14063: 14061: 14053: 14050: 14049: 14046: 14045: 14043: 14042: 14037: 14036: 14035: 14028:United Kingdom 14025: 14023:Ottoman Empire 14020: 14015: 14009: 14007: 14000: 13999: 13997:Trench warfare 13994: 13993: 13992: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13961: 13960: 13949: 13947: 13940: 13936: 13935: 13932: 13931: 13929: 13928: 13922: 13916: 13910: 13904: 13903: 13902: 13896: 13890: 13884: 13873: 13867: 13861: 13855: 13849: 13843: 13837: 13831: 13825: 13819: 13813: 13807: 13801: 13795: 13789: 13783: 13777: 13770: 13768: 13764: 13763: 13761: 13760: 13754: 13748: 13742: 13736: 13730: 13724: 13718: 13713: 13710:Volta-Bani War 13707: 13701: 13695: 13689: 13683: 13677: 13671: 13665: 13659: 13652: 13650: 13646: 13645: 13643: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13555:Zeebrugge Raid 13552: 13547: 13542: 13536: 13534: 13528: 13527: 13525: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13438: 13436: 13430: 13429: 13427: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13400: 13399: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13363: 13361: 13357: 13356: 13354: 13353: 13348: 13346:Battle of Loos 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13264: 13262: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13237:Black Sea raid 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13168: 13166: 13162: 13161: 13159: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13142: 13141: 13139:Historiography 13130: 13128: 13124: 13123: 13121: 13120: 13114: 13108: 13102: 13096: 13093:Bosnian Crisis 13090: 13087:Tangier Crisis 13084: 13078: 13072: 13065: 13063: 13056: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13045: 13043: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13020:Ottoman Empire 13017: 13012: 13007: 13001: 12999: 12997:Central Powers 12993: 12992: 12990: 12989: 12984: 12983: 12982: 12980:British Empire 12975:United Kingdom 12972: 12967: 12962: 12961: 12960: 12955: 12953:Russian Empire 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12929: 12928: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12907: 12906: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12875: 12873: 12871:Entente Powers 12864: 12859: 12856: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12848: 12843: 12842: 12841: 12839:North Atlantic 12830: 12828: 12822: 12821: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12802: 12800: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12764: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12752: 12750:Central Arabia 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12716: 12714: 12712:Middle Eastern 12708: 12707: 12705: 12704: 12699: 12698: 12697: 12687: 12682: 12681: 12680: 12669: 12667: 12658: 12654: 12653: 12651: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12613:Historiography 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12584: 12581: 12580: 12573: 12572: 12565: 12558: 12550: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12471: 12469: 12465: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12457: 12456: 12455: 12444: 12442: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12388: 12386: 12380: 12379: 12377: 12376: 12371: 12369:State of Burma 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12340: 12338: 12334: 12333: 12331: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12297: 12295: 12288: 12284: 12283: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12190:Musha Incident 12187: 12182: 12180:Jinan incident 12177: 12171: 12169: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12113: 12112: 12101: 12099: 12093: 12092: 12090: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12037:Beipu uprising 12034: 12028: 12026: 12021: 12015: 12011: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12003: 12001:Treaty Faction 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11972: 11970: 11965: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11931:Imperial Guard 11928: 11923: 11918: 11912: 11910: 11905: 11902: 11901: 11899: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11872: 11871: 11856: 11855: 11854: 11849: 11838: 11836: 11831: 11825: 11821: 11820: 11817: 11816: 11814: 11813: 11812: 11811: 11806: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11780: 11778: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11698: 11696: 11691:Administration 11689: 11683: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11584: 11582: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11574: 11569: 11568: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11542: 11537: 11531: 11529: 11525: 11524: 11522: 11521: 11513: 11505: 11496: 11494: 11490: 11489: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11456: 11455: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11389: 11387: 11383: 11382: 11375: 11374: 11367: 11360: 11352: 11344: 11343: 11329:Post-war Japan 11326: 11323: 11310: 11301: 11295: 11294: 11280: 11279:External links 11277: 11275: 11274: 11268: 11255: 11249: 11236: 11216: 11200: 11194: 11181: 11175: 11160: 11149: 11133: 11113: 11107: 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NIAS Press. 10882: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10813: 10800: 10778: 10763: 10756: 10738: 10720: 10717:978-0674022416 10704: 10687: 10669: 10651: 10630: 10611: 10609:, p. 259. 10599: 10587: 10572: 10553:(1): 103–116. 10533: 10526: 10496: 10469: 10458:(3): 254–268. 10452:Public Affairs 10442: 10423: 10389: 10364: 10338: 10329: 10317: 10310: 10290: 10283: 10263: 10256: 10237: 10235:, 2001, p. 284 10219: 10189: 10160: 10154:Hane, Mikiso, 10147: 10117: 10092: 10066: 10060:978-0520213616 10059: 10041: 10038:. p. 503. 10034:Paine, Sarah. 10026: 10009: 9976: 9964: 9949: 9942: 9922: 9910: 9894: 9892:(1940) p. 107. 9888:Phra Sarasas, 9881: 9859: 9850: 9827: 9820: 9802: 9784: 9765: 9746: 9720: 9702: 9683: 9668: 9652: 9634: 9616: 9597: 9594:. May 2, 2017. 9579: 9570:978-0691176475 9569: 9549: 9538: 9516: 9505: 9503:www.calvin.edu 9486: 9471: 9457: 9445: 9443:, p. 312. 9430: 9428:, p. 124. 9418: 9402: 9400:, p. 286. 9390: 9366: 9354: 9352:, p. 116. 9342: 9340:, p. 282. 9330: 9318: 9306: 9294: 9288:978-1134252305 9287: 9267: 9251: 9232: 9230:, p. 433. 9220: 9218:, p. 234. 9208: 9144: 9066: 9052: 9032: 9020: 8986: 8971: 8969:, p. 669. 8959: 8942: 8936:978-0226412344 8935: 8917: 8910: 8888: 8862: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8826: 8825: 8812: 8798: 8784: 8766: 8739: 8735:Yasukuni Jinja 8717: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8667:Emperor system 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8628: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8542: 8541: 8534: 8533: 8526: 8525: 8506: 8505: 8498: 8497: 8482: 8481: 8478: 8475: 8462: 8447: 8433: 8432: 8429: 8426: 8413: 8398: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8375: 8362: 8347: 8333: 8332: 8329: 8326: 8323: 8320: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8299: 8292:South Sakhalin 8284:Inner Mongolia 8256:Kantarō Suzuki 8248: 8237: 8236:(November 23). 8226: 8209:forces in the 8199:Doolittle Raid 8175: 8158:1941: General 8156: 8133: 8118: 8104: 8082:Fumimaro Konoe 8074: 8071:Inner Mongolia 8065:(December 3). 8056:its first pact 8044: 8043:(December 29). 8033: 8030: 8019:a coup attempt 8009:(January 29). 8007:shell the city 8003: 7984: 7981: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7957:Emperor Taishō 7951: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7944:Katsura Kotaro 7942: 7939: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7925:Shinji Maejima 7923: 7918: 7915: 7913:Tokubei Kuroda 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7893:Jiro Horikoshi 7890: 7885: 7880: 7878:Ozawa Yoshiaki 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7783:Seishi Kikuchi 7780: 7775: 7770: 7768:Shoichi Sakata 7765: 7760: 7758:Tomizo Yoshida 7755: 7753:Kazuo Kubokawa 7750: 7748:Takeo Hatanaka 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7693:Yanosuke Hirai 7690: 7688:Soichiro Honda 7685: 7680: 7678:Jiro Horikoshi 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7628:Ozawa Yoshiaki 7620: 7614: 7603: 7600:Masuzo Shikata 7597: 7586: 7583:Yoshio Nishina 7580: 7574: 7568: 7557: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7523: 7515: 7509: 7506:Umetaro Suzuki 7503: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7479: 7476:Hisashi Kimura 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7447:Masataka Ogawa 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7394: 7391:Yoshishige Abe 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7246: 7240: 7237:Hidetsugu Yagi 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7201: 7198:Jujiro Matsuda 7195: 7192:Namihei Odaira 7189: 7183: 7180:Sakichi Toyoda 7177: 7171: 7165: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7123:Masuda Takashi 7120: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7084: 7081:Minoru Shirota 7078: 7072: 7069:Satyu Yamaguti 7066: 7063:Hitoshi Kihara 7055: 7049: 7046:Yaichirō Okada 7043: 7037: 7031: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6962:Gennosuke Fuse 6954: 6951:Takaoki Sasaki 6943: 6937: 6934:Hideyo Noguchi 6926: 6920: 6917:Ryukichi Inada 6909: 6903: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6877:Takuji Iwasaki 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6815: 6809: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6688:Kunio Yanagita 6685: 6679: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6661:Naitō Torajirō 6658: 6652: 6649:Yusuke Hashiba 6646: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6615: 6608: 6606: 6602:Imperial Prize 6596: 6589: 6587: 6576: 6569: 6567: 6537: 6530: 6528: 6524:Imperial Prize 6518: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6472: 6470: 6456:Main article: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6426: 6424: 6410:Main article: 6407: 6404: 6377: 6376: 6370:September 2021 6356: 6354: 6340:Main article: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6322: 6319:Chūichi Nagumo 6315: 6308: 6294: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6273: 6270: 6263: 6253: 6243: 6238:Admiral Count 6236: 6226: 6213: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6166:Field Marshal 6164: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147:Kodama Gentarō 6143: 6129: 6127:Nagaoka Gaishi 6125:General Count 6123: 6119:General Count 6117: 6112:General Count 6110: 6105:General Count 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6023:Main article: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6009:Hiroshi Ōshima 6001: 6000: 5994:Ishii Kikujiro 5990: 5984:Torii Tadafumi 5980: 5970: 5964:Kaneko Kentarō 5960: 5954:Hayashi Tadasu 5950: 5940: 5934:Boxer Protocol 5921: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5903: 5901: 5886: 5879: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5829:Fumimaro Konoe 5823:World War II: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5779:Early period: 5764: 5761: 5756:Main article: 5753: 5750: 5738:For historian 5640:occupied Japan 5616:Main article: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5551:South Sakhalin 5435: 5432: 5380:Doolittle Raid 5323: 5320: 5255:forced to flee 5249:and President 5241:and later the 5176:city's capture 5174:following the 5163: 5160: 5092: 5089: 5038:Iwanami Shoten 5023:In 1940 Japan 4980:British Malaya 4978:—specifically 4976:Southeast Asia 4963:Panay incident 4914: 4911: 4838: 4835: 4827:A puppet state 4792:Forbidden City 4772:Main article: 4769: 4766: 4659: 4656: 4644: 4641: 4625: 4622: 4564: 4561: 4525:teikan yōshiki 4493:Fumimaro Konoe 4371: 4368: 4356:Treaty Faction 4301: 4298: 4282:Emperor Taishō 4271:Main article: 4267: 4266: 4225: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4208: 4184: 4182: 4175: 4158: 4155: 4049: 4046: 3926: 3923: 3857:Japan entered 3834: 3831: 3826:Main article: 3820:Emperor Taishō 3812: 3809: 3705:following the 3688:unequal treaty 3660:Main article: 3657: 3654: 3592: 3591: 3571: 3569: 3555:Main article: 3541: 3538: 3530:Boxer Protocol 3426:Boxer Protocol 3414:Boxer Protocol 3401: 3398: 3396:in this port. 3315:Joseon dynasty 3296: 3293: 3220:Masuda Takashi 3205: 3202: 3198:House of Peers 3186: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3081:Main article: 3078: 3075: 3064:Horyuji temple 2918:Book of Psalms 2914:Feast Services 2910:Pentecostarion 2754: 2751: 2714:westernization 2636:Iwakura Tomomi 2632:Kido Takayoshi 2621:new government 2582: 2579: 2532:The Boshin War 2502:Main article: 2499: 2496: 2476:Saigō Takamori 2386:movement, the 2337:Main article: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2311:in the world. 2203: 2200: 2141:Okinawa Island 2034:shokusan kōgyō 1945:Imperial Japan 1931: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1875:Transcriptions 1868: 1867: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1684: 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471: 466: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 452: 446: 445: 425: 424: 406: 400: 399: 397: 396: 393:state ideology 380: 368: 366: 362: 361: 359: 358: 353: 348: 343: 337: 335: 329: 328: 323: 319: 318: 316: 315: 312: 308: 306: 302: 301: 299: 298: 292: 286: 279: 277: 273: 272: 261: 257: 256: 253: 252: 235: 233: 212: 210: 201: 198: 190: 182: 181: 140: 139: 117: 116: 109: 102: 101: 95: 88: 87: 86: 83: 82: 78: 77: 74: 73: 63: 55: 54: 51: 28: 18:Imperial Japan 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19142: 19131: 19128: 19126: 19123: 19121: 19118: 19116: 19113: 19111: 19108: 19106: 19103: 19101: 19098: 19096: 19093: 19091: 19088: 19086: 19083: 19081: 19078: 19076: 19073: 19071: 19068: 19066: 19063: 19061: 19058: 19056: 19053: 19051: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19042: 19040: 19033: 19030: 18993: 18990: 18988: 18985: 18983: 18980: 18979: 18976: 18969: 18959: 18957: 18947: 18945: 18935: 18933: 18923: 18921: 18920:Occupied Guam 18911: 18909: 18899: 18897: 18887: 18884: 18873: 18871: 18861: 18859: 18849: 18847: 18837: 18835: 18825: 18823: 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17858: 17854: 17851: 17847: 17844: 17840: 17837: 17833: 17830: 17826: 17821: 17817: 17816: 17814: 17810: 17807: 17803: 17800: 17796: 17793: 17789: 17786: 17782: 17779: 17775: 17772: 17768: 17765: 17761: 17758: 17754: 17751: 17747: 17744: 17740: 17737: 17733: 17730: 17726: 17723: 17719: 17716: 17712: 17711: 17709: 17707: 17703: 17696: 17692: 17687: 17686: 17681: 17680: 17678: 17674: 17671: 17667: 17662: 17658: 17657: 17655: 17651: 17648: 17647:Syrmian Front 17644: 17641: 17637: 17634: 17630: 17627: 17623: 17620: 17619: 17614: 17611: 17610: 17605: 17602: 17598: 17595: 17594: 17593:Market Garden 17589: 17586: 17582: 17579: 17575: 17572: 17568: 17565: 17564: 17559: 17556: 17552: 17549: 17545: 17542: 17538: 17535: 17531: 17528: 17524: 17521: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17508: 17505: 17501: 17498: 17497: 17492: 17489: 17488: 17483: 17480: 17479: 17474: 17471: 17467: 17464: 17460: 17457: 17453: 17452:Monte Cassino 17449: 17446: 17445: 17440: 17439: 17437: 17435: 17431: 17424: 17420: 17415: 17411: 17408: 17404: 17403: 17401: 17397: 17394: 17390: 17387: 17383: 17380: 17376: 17373: 17369: 17364: 17360: 17359: 17357: 17353: 17350: 17346: 17343: 17342: 17337: 17334: 17330: 17327: 17323: 17320: 17316: 17313: 17309: 17306: 17302: 17299: 17295: 17292: 17288: 17285: 17281: 17280: 17278: 17276: 17272: 17265: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17252: 17249: 17245: 17242: 17238: 17235: 17234: 17229: 17226: 17222: 17219: 17215: 17212: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17199: 17194: 17190: 17187: 17183: 17182: 17180: 17176: 17173: 17169: 17166: 17162: 17159: 17155: 17152: 17148: 17145: 17141: 17138: 17134: 17131: 17127: 17124: 17120: 17117: 17113: 17110: 17106: 17105: 17103: 17101: 17097: 17090: 17086: 17083: 17079: 17076: 17072: 17069: 17065: 17062: 17058: 17055: 17051: 17048: 17044: 17041: 17037: 17034: 17030: 17027: 17023: 17020: 17016: 17013: 17009: 17006: 17002: 16999: 16995: 16992: 16988: 16985: 16981: 16978: 16974: 16971: 16967: 16964: 16960: 16956: 16955: 16950: 16946: 16941: 16937: 16936: 16934: 16930: 16927: 16923: 16920: 16916: 16913: 16909: 16906: 16902: 16897: 16893: 16892: 16890: 16886: 16883: 16879: 16876: 16872: 16869: 16865: 16864: 16862: 16860: 16856: 16849: 16848: 16843: 16840: 16836: 16833: 16829: 16826: 16822: 16819: 16818:Baltic states 16815: 16812: 16808: 16805: 16801: 16798: 16794: 16791: 16787: 16784: 16780: 16777: 16773: 16770: 16766: 16763: 16759: 16756: 16752: 16749: 16745: 16742: 16738: 16735: 16731: 16728: 16724: 16721: 16717: 16716: 16714: 16712: 16708: 16701: 16697: 16694: 16690: 16687: 16683: 16680: 16676: 16673: 16669: 16666: 16662: 16659: 16655: 16654: 16652: 16650: 16646: 16637: 16633: 16630: 16626: 16623: 16619: 16616: 16612: 16609: 16605: 16604: 16602: 16598: 16593: 16589: 16586: 16582: 16581: 16579: 16575: 16570: 16566: 16565: 16563: 16559: 16558: 16556: 16554: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16541: 16530: 16526: 16523: 16519: 16514: 16510: 16507: 16503: 16502: 16498: 16493: 16489: 16488: 16486: 16482: 16479: 16475: 16470: 16466: 16463: 16462:United States 16459: 16454: 16450: 16449: 16447: 16443: 16442: 16438: 16435: 16431: 16430: 16428: 16426: 16422: 16415: 16411: 16406: 16402: 16399: 16398:Quốc dân Đảng 16395: 16394: 16390: 16387: 16383: 16380: 16376: 16373: 16369: 16366: 16362: 16359: 16355: 16352: 16348: 16345: 16341: 16338: 16334: 16331: 16327: 16324: 16320: 16317: 16313: 16310: 16306: 16303: 16299: 16296: 16292: 16287: 16283: 16280: 16276: 16275: 16273: 16269: 16266: 16262: 16259: 16255: 16252: 16248: 16245: 16241: 16238: 16234: 16231: 16227: 16224: 16220: 16217: 16213: 16210: 16206: 16203: 16199: 16196: 16192: 16189: 16185: 16182: 16178: 16175: 16171: 16168: 16164: 16161: 16157: 16156: 16154: 16152: 16148: 16141: 16137: 16134: 16130: 16127: 16123: 16120: 16116: 16113: 16109: 16106: 16102: 16099: 16098:Liechtenstein 16095: 16092: 16088: 16085: 16081: 16078: 16074: 16071: 16067: 16066: 16064: 16062: 16058: 16051: 16047: 16044: 16040: 16037: 16033: 16029: 16025: 16022: 16018: 16015: 16011: 16008: 16004: 15999: 15995: 15994: 15991: 15987: 15984: 15980: 15977: 15973: 15970: 15966: 15963: 15959: 15956: 15952: 15948: 15944: 15941: 15937: 15934: 15930: 15926: 15922: 15919: 15915: 15914: 15912: 15910: 15906: 15899: 15895: 15890: 15886: 15885: 15883: 15882:United States 15879: 15874: 15870: 15869: 15867: 15863: 15860: 15856: 15853: 15849: 15846: 15842: 15839: 15835: 15832: 15828: 15824: 15820: 15816: 15813: 15809: 15806: 15802: 15799: 15795: 15792: 15788: 15785: 15781: 15778: 15774: 15771: 15767: 15764: 15760: 15756: 15752: 15748: 15745: 15741: 15738: 15734: 15731: 15727: 15724: 15720: 15716: 15712: 15708: 15704: 15700: 15697: 15693: 15690: 15686: 15683: 15679: 15676: 15672: 15669: 15665: 15662: 15658: 15654: 15650: 15646: 15643: 15639: 15636: 15632: 15629: 15625: 15622: 15618: 15617: 15615: 15613: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15600: 15587: 15583: 15580: 15576: 15573: 15572:Comfort women 15569: 15566: 15562: 15559: 15556: / 15555: 15551: 15548: 15545: / 15544: 15541: / 15540: 15536: 15533: 15532:Camp brothels 15529: 15526: 15522: 15521: 15517: 15514: 15510: 15505: 15501: 15498: 15494: 15493: 15491: 15487: 15482: 15478: 15475: 15471: 15468: 15464: 15463: 15461: 15457: 15454: 15450: 15445: 15441: 15436: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15424: 15422: 15421:The Holocaust 15418: 15415: 15411: 15408: 15407:forced labour 15404: 15403: 15401: 15397: 15392: 15388: 15385: 15381: 15378: 15374: 15373: 15371: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15362: 15358: 15351: 15347: 15344: 15340: 15337: 15333: 15328: 15324: 15321: 15317: 15314: 15310: 15307: 15303: 15302: 15300: 15296: 15293: 15292: 15287: 15284: 15283: 15278: 15275: 15271: 15268: 15264: 15261: 15260:Marshall Plan 15257: 15254: 15253: 15248: 15245: 15241: 15238: 15234: 15231: 15227: 15224: 15220: 15217: 15213: 15210: 15206: 15203: 15199: 15196: 15192: 15191: 15189: 15187: 15183: 15176: 15172: 15167: 15163: 15162: 15160: 15156: 15153: 15149: 15144: 15140: 15137: 15133: 15130: 15126: 15125: 15123: 15119: 15114: 15113:Eastern Front 15110: 15107: 15106:Western Front 15103: 15102: 15100: 15096: 15091: 15087: 15084: 15080: 15077: 15073: 15070: 15066: 15063: 15059: 15056: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15045: 15044: 15042: 15040: 15036: 15029: 15025: 15022: 15018: 15015: 15011: 15008: 15004: 15001: 15000:Puppet states 14997: 14994: 14990: 14987: 14983: 14978: 14974: 14971: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14960: 14957: 14953: 14950: 14946: 14943: 14942:Naval history 14939: 14936: 14932: 14929: 14925: 14922: 14918: 14913: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14902: 14899: 14895: 14890: 14889:United States 14886: 14883: 14879: 14876: 14872: 14871: 14869: 14865: 14862: 14858: 14855: 14851: 14848: 14844: 14841: 14837: 14834: 14830: 14827: 14823: 14818: 14814: 14813: 14811: 14807: 14806: 14804: 14802: 14798: 14795: 14791: 14784: 14780: 14777: 14773: 14768: 14764: 14761: 14757: 14754: 14750: 14749: 14745: 14740: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14729: 14726: 14722: 14721: 14718: 14714: 14707: 14702: 14700: 14695: 14693: 14688: 14687: 14684: 14672: 14669: 14668: 14665: 14655: 14654: 14650: 14648: 14647: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14635: 14631: 14630: 14628: 14624: 14614: 14611: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14561: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14545: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14490: 14488: 14484: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14454: 14452: 14450: 14446: 14440: 14439:United States 14437: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14396: 14394: 14390: 14387: 14384: 14379: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14333: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14310: 14307: 14303: 14300: 14299: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14291: 14289: 14287: 14283: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14266: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14255: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14218: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14207: 14203: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14175: 14174: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14154: 14152: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14139: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14131: 14129: 14125: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14099: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14082: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14064: 14062: 14056: 14051: 14041: 14040:United States 14038: 14034: 14031: 14030: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14010: 14008: 14004: 13998: 13995: 13991: 13990:Convoy system 13988: 13987: 13986: 13985:Naval warfare 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13959: 13956: 13955: 13954: 13951: 13950: 13948: 13944: 13941: 13937: 13926: 13923: 13920: 13917: 13914: 13911: 13908: 13905: 13900: 13897: 13894: 13891: 13888: 13885: 13882: 13879: 13878: 13877: 13874: 13871: 13868: 13865: 13862: 13859: 13856: 13853: 13850: 13847: 13844: 13841: 13838: 13835: 13832: 13829: 13826: 13823: 13820: 13817: 13814: 13811: 13808: 13805: 13802: 13799: 13796: 13793: 13790: 13787: 13784: 13781: 13778: 13775: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13765: 13758: 13755: 13752: 13749: 13746: 13745:Kaocen revolt 13743: 13740: 13739:Easter Rising 13737: 13734: 13731: 13728: 13725: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13711: 13708: 13705: 13702: 13699: 13696: 13693: 13690: 13687: 13684: 13681: 13678: 13675: 13672: 13669: 13666: 13663: 13660: 13657: 13654: 13653: 13651: 13647: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13537: 13535: 13533: 13529: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13439: 13437: 13435: 13431: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13398: 13395: 13394: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13364: 13362: 13358: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13311:Great Retreat 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13286: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13265: 13263: 13259: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13182:Battle of Cer 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13163: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13140: 13137: 13136: 13135: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13125: 13118: 13115: 13112: 13109: 13106: 13103: 13100: 13099:Agadir Crisis 13097: 13094: 13091: 13088: 13085: 13082: 13079: 13076: 13073: 13070: 13067: 13066: 13064: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13051: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12994: 12988: 12987:United States 12985: 12981: 12978: 12977: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12950: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12927: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12905: 12904:French Empire 12902: 12901: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12876: 12874: 12872: 12868: 12865: 12857: 12847: 12846:Mediterranean 12844: 12840: 12837: 12836: 12835: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12826:Naval warfare 12823: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12795: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12765: 12763: 12761: 12757: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12717: 12715: 12713: 12709: 12703: 12702:Italian Front 12700: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12691: 12690:Eastern Front 12688: 12686: 12685:Western Front 12683: 12679: 12676: 12675: 12674: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12666: 12662: 12659: 12655: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12643:Puppet states 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12582: 12578: 12571: 12566: 12564: 12559: 12557: 12552: 12551: 12548: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12480:Fukoku kyōhei 12478: 12476: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12466: 12454: 12451: 12450: 12449: 12446: 12445: 12443: 12439: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12389: 12387: 12385: 12381: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12337:Puppet states 12335: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12308: 12307: 12302: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12292: 12289: 12285: 12275: 12272: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12172: 12170: 12168: 12164: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12111: 12108: 12107: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12098: 12094: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12019: 12016: 12012: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11996:Fleet Faction 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11976:General Staff 11974: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11963: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11916:General Staff 11914: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11903: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11870: 11869:military code 11868: 11864: 11863: 11862: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11829: 11826: 11822: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11800: 11799:Imperial Diet 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11789:Privy Council 11787: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11769: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11707:Home Ministry 11705: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11687: 11684: 11680: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11579: 11573: 11570: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11550:Imperial Seal 11548: 11547: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11535:Flag of Japan 11533: 11532: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11514: 11512: 11506: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11491: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11373: 11368: 11366: 11361: 11359: 11354: 11353: 11350: 11339: 11338: 11331: 11330: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11306: 11305: 11298: 11292: 11287: 11283: 11282: 11271: 11265: 11261: 11256: 11252: 11250:0-82641-521-0 11246: 11242: 11237: 11233: 11227: 11219: 11217:4-925080-28-8 11213: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11195:0-665-98994-6 11191: 11187: 11182: 11178: 11172: 11168: 11167: 11161: 11157: 11156: 11150: 11148: 11144: 11141: 11140:OCLC 46731178 11136: 11134:0-231-12341-8 11130: 11125: 11124: 11118: 11117:Keene, Donald 11114: 11110: 11108:0-5200-4557-2 11104: 11100: 11095: 11091: 11089:0-5214-8405-7 11085: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11071: 11067: 11064: 11063:OCLC 44090600 11059: 11057:0-674-00334-9 11053: 11048: 11047: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11031:0-521-22352-0 11027: 11023: 11019: 11014: 11010: 11004: 11001:. Routledge. 11000: 10995: 10991: 10985: 10977: 10971: 10967: 10962: 10958: 10956:4-309-76041-4 10952: 10948: 10944: 10943: 10939: 10932:図説西郷隆盛と大久保利通 10928: 10924: 10918: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10896:9788776941833 10892: 10888: 10883: 10879: 10875: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10852: 10847: 10846: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10817: 10810: 10807:J. W. Dower, 10804: 10789: 10782: 10774: 10767: 10759: 10757:0-521-22352-0 10753: 10749: 10742: 10734: 10730: 10724: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10701: 10700:9780786418220 10697: 10691: 10683: 10679: 10673: 10665: 10661: 10655: 10647: 10643: 10637: 10635: 10626: 10622: 10615: 10608: 10603: 10597:, p. 81. 10596: 10591: 10583: 10576: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10537: 10529: 10527:9789004213203 10523: 10519: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10500: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10473: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10446: 10438: 10434: 10427: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10393: 10378: 10374: 10368: 10352: 10351:The Economist 10348: 10342: 10333: 10327:, p. 78. 10326: 10321: 10313: 10307: 10303: 10302: 10294: 10286: 10280: 10277:. Routledge. 10276: 10275: 10267: 10259: 10253: 10249: 10248: 10241: 10234: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10193: 10177: 10173: 10167: 10165: 10157: 10151: 10135: 10131: 10127: 10121: 10106: 10102: 10096: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10078: 10073: 10071: 10062: 10056: 10052: 10045: 10037: 10030: 10024:, p. 99. 10023: 10018: 10016: 10014: 10007:, p. 98. 10006: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9974:, p. 97. 9973: 9968: 9962:, p. 44. 9961: 9956: 9954: 9945: 9939: 9935: 9934: 9926: 9920: 9914: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9891: 9885: 9877: 9870: 9863: 9854: 9847: 9844: 9840: 9837: 9831: 9823: 9817: 9813: 9806: 9798: 9794: 9788: 9780: 9776: 9769: 9761: 9757: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9698: 9694: 9687: 9679: 9672: 9664: 9663: 9656: 9648: 9647:Lonely Planet 9644: 9638: 9630: 9626: 9620: 9612: 9608: 9601: 9593: 9589: 9583: 9576: 9572: 9566: 9562: 9561: 9553: 9547: 9542: 9526: 9520: 9514: 9509: 9502: 9498: 9495: 9490: 9482: 9475: 9467: 9461: 9454: 9449: 9442: 9437: 9435: 9427: 9422: 9416:, p. 42. 9415: 9414:Hagiwara 2004 9411: 9406: 9399: 9394: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9370: 9363: 9358: 9351: 9346: 9339: 9334: 9328:, p. 35. 9327: 9326:Hagiwara 2004 9322: 9315: 9310: 9304:, p. 34. 9303: 9302:Hagiwara 2004 9298: 9290: 9284: 9280: 9279: 9271: 9264: 9258: 9256: 9247: 9243: 9236: 9229: 9224: 9217: 9212: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9163: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9141: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9085: 9077: 9070: 9055: 9053:9780521785037 9049: 9045: 9044: 9036: 9029: 9024: 9013:September 30, 9009: 9005: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8983: 8978: 8976: 8968: 8963: 8955: 8954: 8946: 8938: 8932: 8928: 8921: 8913: 8911:9781884964046 8907: 8903: 8899: 8892: 8876: 8872: 8866: 8851: 8845: 8841: 8822: 8816: 8802: 8788: 8780: 8776: 8770: 8763: 8757: 8748: 8743: 8736: 8731: 8730:Marius Jansen 8727: 8721: 8712: 8708: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8640: 8634: 8629: 8626: 8615: 8601: 8596: 8589: 8584: 8577: 8572: 8565: 8560: 8559: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8518:Emperor Kōmei 8515: 8514:Sachi-no-miya 8511: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8476: 8464:Michi-no-miya 8463: 8451: 8448: 8435: 8430: 8427: 8414: 8402: 8399: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8364:Sachi-no-miya 8363: 8351: 8348: 8335: 8330: 8327: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8296:Kuril Islands 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8241:Kuniaki Koiso 8238: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8154: 8150: 8149:fall of Paris 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8038: 8037:Keisuke Okada 8034: 8031: 8029:(December 7). 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7979: 7975: 7972: 7971:Emperor Shōwa 7968: 7965: 7964:Tanaka Giichi 7961: 7958: 7954: 7953: 7943: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7898:Yoshiro Okabe 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7888:Yuzuru Hiraga 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7873:Kinjiro Okabe 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7828:Kikutaro Baba 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7813:Jisaburo Ohwi 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7803:Shigeo Shingo 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7743:Hideki Yukawa 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7683:Hideo Itokawa 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7640: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7584: 7581: 7578: 7575: 7572: 7569: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7543:Keiichi Aichi 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7510: 7507: 7504: 7501: 7500:Shinzo Shinjo 7498: 7495: 7492: 7489: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7465:Shin Hirayama 7463: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7441:Kikunae Ikeda 7439: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7429:Sekiya Seikei 7427: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7403: 7402:Sōichi Kakeya 7399: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7373:Yoshio Mikami 7371: 7368: 7365: 7362: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7328:Hōjō Tokiyuki 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7277:Kinjiro Okabe 7274: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7255: 7254:Yasujiro Niwa 7251: 7247: 7244: 7243:Michio Suzuki 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7211: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7147:Hirai Seijirō 7145: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7108:Ōshima Takatō 7106: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7028:Kanesuke Hara 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7002: 6999: 6998:Kyusaku Ogino 6996: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6980:Ichiro Miyake 6978: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6883:Kiyoshi Shiga 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6775: 6774:Tanaka Yoshio 6772: 6769: 6768:Nagayo Sensai 6766: 6763: 6760: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6742: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6706:Kōsaku Hamada 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6568: 6558: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6489: 6480: 6476: 6473:This section 6471: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6443: 6434: 6430: 6427:This section 6425: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6399: 6392: 6389:and southern 6388: 6383: 6373: 6364: 6360: 6357:This section 6355: 6352: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6330: 6327: 6324:Rear Admiral 6323: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6300:(1884–1943), 6299: 6295: 6292: 6291:Mineichi Koga 6288: 6287: 6278: 6275:Vice Admiral 6274: 6271: 6268: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6250:Inoue Yoshika 6248: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6222:(1847–1934), 6221: 6218: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6190: 6186: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6148: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6107:Nogi Maresuke 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6075:Field Marshal 6073: 6072: 6061: 6059: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6043:Yoshika Inoue 6040: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6003:World War II 5999: 5995: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5968:United States 5965: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5930:Komura Jutarō 5927: 5926: 5925: 5924:Early period 5907: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5859: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5759: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5740:John W. Dower 5735: 5730: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5696:Matsumae clan 5693: 5689: 5688:Kuril Islands 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5604: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5454: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5376: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5159: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5050: 5049:Tsuda Sōkichi 5046: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4895:Georgy Zhukov 4892: 4888: 4887:Joseph Stalin 4884: 4883:Kwantung Army 4880: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4758:North America 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4734:head of state 4731: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4654: 4650: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4574: 4569: 4560: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4514:Roger Griffin 4511: 4507: 4506:German Empire 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4478:Emperor Shōwa 4475: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4360:Fleet Faction 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4263: 4260: 4252: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4226:This section 4224: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4185:This section 4183: 4179: 4174: 4173: 4167: 4166:Emperor Shōwa 4163: 4154: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4131: 4127: 4126:True Seiyūkai 4118: 4109: 4104: 4101: 4096: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4067: 4059: 4054: 4045: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3829: 3828:Taishō period 3821: 3817: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3787: 3771: 3765: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695:Korean Empire 3691: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3588: 3585:February 2018 3579: 3575: 3572:This section 3570: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3523: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3410:Komura Jutaro 3406: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3268:were formed. 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3216: 3210: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190:Imperial Diet 3188:In 1890, the 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109:republicanism 3106: 3102: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3004:) hairstyle. 3002: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902:New Testament 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2687:Saburō Ienaga 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2664:Kuril islands 2661: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2617:Meiji leaders 2613: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2590:Emperor Meiji 2587: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2449:Emperor Kōmei 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2347: 2340: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2278:United States 2275: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2252: 2246: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2224: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2196:Shōwa's reign 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129:United States 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:Fascist Italy 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2028:fukoku kyōhei 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1909:Official Term 1907: 1902: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1798:Japanese name 1796: 1792: 1787: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1600: 1599: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1502:Anpo protests 1500: 1498: 1497:Postwar Japan 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1007: 995: 994: 987: 983: 982: 979: 976: 975: 971: 967: 966: 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284: 281: 280: 278: 274: 270: 265: 262: 258: 250: 246: 245:Protectorates 242: 241:Puppet states 234: 231: 227: 223: 219: 211: 208: 200: 199: 196: 195: 188: 183: 156: 155: 145: 141: 137: 132: 128: 122: 118: 112: 111:Imperial Seal 106: 98: 92: 84: 79: 72: 67: 64: 57: 56: 49: 46: 42: 40: 35: 27: 19: 19002: 18622:World War II 18617: 18536:West Sumatra 18354:World War II 18349: 18281: 18230: 18174: 18154:Kankyōnan-dō 18144:Heianhoku-dō 18139:Heian'nan-dō 18134:Keishōnan-dō 18119:Zenrahoku-dō 18114:Chūseinan-dō 18091: 18020: 18004: 17954:Bibliography 17937: 17750:Project Hula 17715:Vistula–Oder 17684: 17617: 17608: 17592: 17562: 17511: 17495: 17486: 17477: 17443: 17340: 17255: 17231: 17201: 16952: 16845: 16790:North Africa 16492:Soviet Union 16446:Soviet Union 16372:Soviet Union 16140:Vatican City 16050:Vichy France 16006: 15955:German Reich 15852:Soviet Union 15838:South Africa 15831:Sierra Leone 15784:Newfoundland 15603:Participants 15586:Marocchinate 15290: 15281: 15251: 15129:North Africa 15090:Indian Ocean 14949:Nazi plunder 14840:Cryptography 14713:World War II 14651: 14644: 14632: 14239: / 14171: 14006:Conscription 13970:Cryptography 13907:Iraqi Revolt 13341:Siege of Kut 13284: 12925: 12862:participants 12811:German Samoa 12745:South Arabia 12468:Other topics 12304: 12142:Taishō Roman 11896:Conscription 11866: 11858: 11833:Armed Forces 11693:(ministries) 11593:Charter Oath 11588:Constitution 11470:State Shinto 11453:Essentialism 11403:Demographics 11378: 11335: 11333:1945–present 11327: 11319: 11312: 11302: 11259: 11240: 11207: 11185: 11165: 11154: 11122: 11098: 11079: 11045: 11021: 10998: 10968:. New York. 10965: 10935: 10908: 10886: 10861: 10857: 10842:Bibliography 10826: 10816: 10808: 10803: 10791:. Retrieved 10781: 10772: 10766: 10747: 10741: 10733:the original 10723: 10707: 10690: 10681: 10672: 10663: 10654: 10645: 10614: 10607:Morison 2010 10602: 10595:Morison 2010 10590: 10581: 10575: 10550: 10546: 10536: 10509: 10499: 10482: 10478: 10472: 10455: 10451: 10445: 10436: 10426: 10414:. Retrieved 10410:the original 10401: 10392: 10380:. Retrieved 10367: 10357:November 26, 10355:. Retrieved 10350: 10341: 10332: 10320: 10300: 10293: 10273: 10266: 10246: 10240: 10230: 10222: 10210:. Retrieved 10206:the original 10201: 10192: 10180:. Retrieved 10176:the original 10155: 10150: 10138:. Retrieved 10134:the original 10130:Tsuruga city 10120: 10108:. Retrieved 10095: 10087: 10050: 10044: 10035: 10029: 9967: 9932: 9925: 9913: 9902: 9897: 9889: 9884: 9875: 9862: 9853: 9845: 9830: 9811: 9805: 9796: 9787: 9778: 9768: 9759: 9749: 9740: 9736: 9728:Park, T. 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5732: 5724: 5712: 5704:Soviet Union 5684:peace treaty 5657: 5637: 5600:Gyokuon-hōsō 5598: 5572: 5564:Iron Curtain 5540: 5473: 5458: 5418:, landed on 5396: 5377: 5372:Pearl Harbor 5368: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5314:, including 5308:Dutch forces 5302:of the late 5284:Central Java 5232: 5228: 5221: 5217: 5181: 5156: 5136:Adolf Hitler 5116: 5112: 5085:ruling class 5075:Takamagahara 5042: 5022: 5019: 5015:Soviet Union 4992: 4986:(modern-day 4960: 4945: 4941:Nazi Germany 4876: 4867: 4865: 4854: 4831:Wang Jingwei 4808:united front 4797: 4788:Zhengyangmen 4710:puppet state 4695: 4638:World War II 4618: 4611: 4603: 4580: 4578: 4575:, March 1927 4553: 4537:Neoclassical 4532: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4486: 4481: 4471: 4466:Nambu pistol 4463: 4456: 4444:expansionism 4437: 4415: 4401: 4309: 4276: 4255: 4246: 4235:Please help 4230:verification 4227: 4199: 4195:adding to it 4186: 4151: 4138: 4125: 4116: 4105: 4097: 4089: 4081: 4070: 4063: 4038: 4014: 4004:and eastern 3995: 3990: 3979: 3961: 3900: 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2102:dictatorship 2094:Asia-Pacific 2086:Nazi Germany 2033: 2026: 2023: 2003:World War II 1996: 1991:such as the 1949:nation-state 1944: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1891: 1887: 1881:Romanization 1672:Christianity 1643: 1568: 1534:Lost Decades 1525: 1462:World War II 1403: 1371: 1288: 1223: 1198:Nanban trade 1189: 1161: 1123: 1090: 1076: 1062: 1048: 1034: 1021: 1009: 953: 946: 862:Succeeded by 861: 856: 833:Japanese yen 813:• 1940 803:• 1920 728:World War II 655:25 July 1894 562:(since 1889) 523:Itō Hirobumi 437:(1889–1947) 426: 415:(1868–1889) 389:State Shinto 382: 371: 305:Largest city 192: 152: 143: 130: 121:Motto: 120: 70: 65: 45: 38: 26: 19130:Axis powers 19024: / 19012:139°45′10″E 18992:Pacific War 18521:Netherlands 18471:Wake Island 18466:Philippines 18124:Zenranan-dō 18025:after 1943) 17685:Bodenplatte 17571:Gothic Line 16797:West Africa 16344:Philippines 16323:Netherlands 16188:Czech lands 16126:Switzerland 16070:Afghanistan 16021:Philippines 15889:Puerto Rico 15805:Philippines 15791:New Zealand 15777:Netherlands 15730:Free France 15481:Prosecution 15282:Osoaviakhim 15152:West Africa 15136:East Africa 14783:Conferences 14269:Netherlands 14246:Switzerland 14127:Occupations 14118:Spanish flu 13895:(1919–1922) 13889:(1918–1921) 13883:(1918–1923) 13872:(1919–1921) 13866:(1919–1921) 13860:(1919–1920) 13836:(1918–1920) 13830:(1918–1920) 13824:(1918–1920) 13806:(1918–1920) 13788:(1918–1920) 13782:(1917–1921) 13776:(1917–1921) 13723:(1916-1918) 13721:Arab Revolt 13712:(1915–1917) 13706:(1915–1917) 13694:(1914-1917) 13688:(1914–1917) 13682:(1914–1921) 13676:(1913–1920) 13664:(1910–1920) 13658:(1900–1920) 13156:July Crisis 13077:(1880–1914) 12740:Mesopotamia 12618:Home fronts 12577:World War I 12510:Shōwa Modan 12485:Hakkō ichiu 12422:Philippines 12309:after 1943) 12287:Territories 12245:Pacific War 12105:World War I 11981:Air Service 11921:Air Service 11794:Gozen Kaigi 11510:(Yoshihito) 11502:(Mutsuhito) 11448:Nationalism 11393:Agriculture 10864:: 107–134. 10793:February 1, 10512:: 291–307. 10227:Herbert Bix 10212:October 10, 10182:October 10, 9643:"Himeji-jō" 9629:Japan Guide 9441:Jansen 2002 9382:Satow (1921 9362:Jansen 2002 9314:Jansen 2002 9028:Jansen 2002 8982:Hunter 1984 8967:Jansen 2002 8881:January 29, 8855:January 29, 8322:Given name 8160:Hideki Tojo 8052:Kōki Hirota 8015:Henry Pu Yi 7883:Issaku Koga 7843:Katsuma Dan 7823:Sanshi Imai 7818:Yo Takenaka 7778:Kôdi Husimi 7713:Jiro Tanaka 7630:(1899–1929) 7619:(1896–1970) 7613:(1895–1987) 7602:(1895–1964) 7596:(1893–1975) 7585:(1890–1951) 7579:(1887–1978) 7577:Akira Ogata 7573:(1885–1982) 7567:(1881–1975) 7556:(1881–1947) 7545:(1880–1923) 7539:(1878–1952) 7533:(1878–1935) 7514:(1874–1943) 7508:(1874–1943) 7502:(1873–1938) 7496:(1872–1947) 7490:(1870–1954) 7484:(1870–1948) 7478:(1870–1943) 7467:(1868–1945) 7461:(1868–1923) 7455:(1865–1950) 7449:(1865–1930) 7443:(1864–1936) 7437:(1856–1952) 7431:(1855–1896) 7425:(1854–1931) 7419:(1854–1922) 7404:(1886–1947) 7393:(1883–1966) 7387:(1881–1946) 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7006:(1883–1953) 7000:(1882–1975) 6994:(1882–1952) 6988:(1882–1945) 6982:(1881–1964) 6976:(1881–1934) 6970:(1880–1971) 6964:(1880–1946) 6953:(1878–1966) 6942:(1878–1956) 6936:(1876–1928) 6925:(1876–1964) 6919:(1874–1950) 6908:(1874–1934) 6902:(1873–1952) 6891:(1871–1956) 6885:(1871–1957) 6879:(1869–1937) 6873:(1868–1947) 6867:(1867–1929) 6861:(1867–1946) 6847:(1863–1930) 6841:(1862–1957) 6835:(1861–1935) 6829:(1859–1925) 6823:(1859–1917) 6814:(1856–1928) 6808:(1856–1925) 6797:(1853–1931) 6791:(1849–1920) 6782:(1844–1929) 6776:(1838–1916) 6770:(1838–1902) 6764:(1827–1903) 6758:(1803–1901) 6756:Keisuke Ito 6743:(1890–1964) 6737:(1887–1953) 6731:(1886–1915) 6725:(1883–1982) 6719:(1882–1971) 6708:(1881–1938) 6702:(1877–1964) 6696:(1877–1926) 6690:(1875–1962) 6684:(1873–1949) 6675:(1870–1953) 6673:Torii Ryūzō 6669:(1867–1925) 6663:(1866–1934) 6657:(1859–1944) 6651:(1851–1921) 6645:(1847–1928) 6579:Keisuke Ito 6331:(1878–1944) 6314:(1880–1947) 6293:(1885–1944) 6269:(1861–1923) 6262:(1852–1921) 6252:(1845–1929) 6242:(1836–1904) 6235:(1843–1914) 6212:(1867–1922) 6182:Hideki Tōjō 6141:World War I 5839:Hideki Tojo 5834:Kōki Hirota 5795:HIH Prince 5789:HIH Prince 5783:HIH Prince 5698:during the 5692:Ainu people 5410:Japan. The 5403:Guadalcanal 5316:Guadalcanal 5188:Philippines 5101:Pacific War 5036:, the firm 5029:Hakkō ichiu 5011:Axis Powers 4923:Axis powers 4702:Han Chinese 4688:during the 4630:Hakkō ichiu 4403:Sadao Araki 4324:Kokuryu-kai 3989:settle the 3941:during the 3939:Vladivostok 3859:World War I 3833:World War I 3382:Port Arthur 3323:Qing Empire 3321:of China's 3262:wage labour 3260:workers to 2956:Ōura Church 2944:during the 2840:untouchable 2741:Axis powers 2726:world power 2429:Shimonoseki 2309:great power 2269:Kaiserreich 2243:"Empire"). 2202:Terminology 2151:, with the 2125:Guadalcanal 2117:Pacific War 2078:nationalism 2066:World War I 1989:Concessions 1624:Earthquakes 1472:Pacific War 1380:World War I 1011:Paleolithic 857:Preceded by 817:105,200,000 707:7 July 1937 676:World War I 594:(from 1890) 586:Lower house 578:(1889–1947) 570:Upper house 557:(1871–1889) 545:Legislature 444:(1945–1947) 423:(1868–1885) 297:(1943–1947) 291:(1869–1943) 285:(1868–1869) 271:(1945–1947) 266:(1868−1945) 148:(1869–1945) 124:(1868–1912) 19039:Categories 19009:35°40′57″N 18531:New Guinea 18409:New Guinea 17785:West Hunan 17618:Pointblank 16954:Silver Fox 16940:Summer War 16693:Winter War 16672:Phoney War 16453:Azerbaijan 16414:Yugoslavia 16309:Luxembourg 16151:Resistance 15898:Yugoslavia 15763:Luxembourg 15565:Sook Ching 15361:War crimes 14963:Technology 14956:Opposition 14898:Lend-Lease 14875:Australian 14868:Home front 14826:Blitzkrieg 14776:Casualties 14767:Commanders 14739:Operations 14486:Agreements 14286:War crimes 14162:Luxembourg 14055:Casualties 12933:Montenegro 12768:South West 12648:Technology 12638:Propaganda 12628:Opposition 12274:Occupation 12097:Taishō era 12042:Boshin War 11886:War crimes 11682:Government 11658:Tonarigumi 11565:Privy Seal 11560:State Seal 11518:(Hirohito) 11443:Militarism 11398:Censorship 11322:1868−1947 11304:Edo period 11210:. London. 11188:. Oxford. 11147:Archive-It 10821:Klemen L. 10619:Klemen L. 10416:October 2, 10382:October 2, 10140:October 3, 10110:October 3, 9743:: 491–502. 9531:August 25, 9453:Keene 2002 9426:Keene 2002 9410:Keene 2002 9398:Satow 1921 9378:Satow 1921 9374:Keene 2002 9350:Keene 2002 9338:Satow 1921 9059:October 2, 8831:References 8301:1947: The 8278:, Chinese 8060:reoccupies 7994:after the 7763:Kiyosi Itô 7673:Kiro Honjo 7153:Dan Takuma 7129:Sasō Sachū 7114:Yamao Yōzō 6968:Kono Yasui 6667:Inō Kanori 6260:Ijuin Gorō 6086:Ōyama Iwao 6051:Iwao Ōyama 5974:Aoki Shūzō 5727:Korean War 5700:Edo Period 5585:after the 5502:by having 5407:New Guinea 5341:Enterprise 5322:Tide turns 5200:Australian 4804:Mao Zedong 4587:Mitsubishi 4440:militarism 4340:Kokuhonsha 4328:Tonarigumi 4304:See also: 4249:March 2024 4202:April 2021 4084:Katō Komei 3967:government 3851:See also: 3746:Ilje sidae 3619:Suez Canal 3513:Aoki Shūzō 3500:Dagu forts 3488:Rikusentai 3448:rikusentai 3437:rikusentai 3331:suzerainty 3053:15 shrines 2974:missionary 2922:Irmologion 2771:See also: 2735:As writer 2504:Boshin War 2498:Boshin War 2492:Edo Castle 2486:series of 2417:Royal Navy 2384:xenophobic 2357:Edo period 2333:Background 2074:militarism 2038:Boshin War 1826:ダイニッポンテイコク 1810:だいにっぽんていこく 1544:Cool Japan 1412:Militarism 1274:Boshin War 1227:(Tokugawa) 1109:Genpei War 838:Korean yen 807:77,700,000 792:Population 759:3 May 1947 404:Government 289:Tokyo City 18641:Manchukuo 18566:Manchukuo 18559:1931–1945 18492:Mengkiang 18419:Singapore 18385:Hong Kong 18275:Kantō-shū 17850:Manchuria 17736:Indochina 17512:Bagration 16963:Lithuania 16608:Anschluss 16405:Viet Minh 16302:Lithuania 16244:Hong Kong 16014:Manchukuo 15969:Azad Hind 15628:Australia 15428:Aftermath 15291:Paperclip 15186:Aftermath 14986:Total war 14854:Diplomacy 14817:In Europe 14383:Diplomacy 14090:Olympians 14013:Australia 13980:Logistics 13913:Vlora War 13842:(1918–19) 13818:(1918–19) 13812:(1918–19) 13800:(1918–19) 13747:(1916–17) 13729:(1916–17) 13680:Zaian War 13670:(1914–15) 13397:first day 13285:Lusitania 13113:(1912–13) 13107:(1911–12) 13095:(1908–09) 13089:(1905–06) 13071:(1870–71) 12860:Principal 12720:Gallipoli 12623:Memorials 12608:Geography 12598:Aftermath 12475:Sonnō jōi 12427:Singapore 12412:Hong Kong 12374:Azad Hind 12349:Mengjiang 12344:Manchukuo 12318:Kantō-shū 12260:Surrender 12167:Shōwa era 12152:Truku War 12023:Meiji era 11991:Tokkeitai 11956:Kempeitai 11867:Senjinkun 11784:Daijō-kan 11747:Munitions 11628:Mokusatsu 11418:Education 11341:1945–1952 11308:1603−1868 11226:cite book 10984:cite book 10878:158403519 10559:0027-0741 10437:Old Tokyo 10398:"猶太人対策要綱" 10325:Nish 2002 10022:Drea 2009 10005:Drea 2009 9972:Drea 2009 9611:GaijinPot 9203:144547927 9187:0002-7162 9121:146284542 9105:0010-4175 8836:Citations 8522:Mutsuhito 8401:Yoshihito 8377:1868–1912 8350:Mutsuhito 8331:Era name 8280:Mengjiang 8276:Manchukuo 8268:Hiroshima 8067:Mengjiang 8011:Manchukuo 7863:Isao Imai 7663:Takeo Doi 6557:Daigenkai 6452:Education 5992:Viscount 5982:Viscount 5972:Viscount 5928:Marquess 5920:Diplomats 5763:Political 5655:country. 5649:Article 9 5575:mokusatsu 5528:Hiroshima 5434:Surrender 5414:, led by 5339:USS 5332:USS 5268:surrender 5260:Singapore 5212:Singapore 5172:Singapore 5071:historian 4988:Indonesia 4762:Australia 4746:Mengjiang 4714:Manchukuo 4658:Manchuria 4352:Keishichō 4320:Kempeitai 4290:Amaterasu 4286:Shōwa era 4273:Shōwa era 4108:Kenseikai 3964:Bolshevik 3780:日本統治時代の朝鮮 3764:Wae jeong 3652:in 1910. 3534:Manchuria 3490:from the 3450:from the 3408:Marquess 3124:shogunate 3105:democracy 2972:minister 2860:shamanism 2829:burakumin 2821:abattoirs 2817:burakumin 2802:burakumin 2800:) giving 2773:Burakumin 2730:East Asia 2421:Kagoshima 2389:sonnō jōi 2369:Bakumatsu 2339:Bakumatsu 2227:"Great", 2044:from the 1854:Shinjitai 1828:ダイニホンテイコク 1812:だいにほんていこく 1663:Religion 1654:Geography 1639:Education 1634:Era names 1264:Bakumatsu 1203:Imjin War 1163:Muromachi 1142:Genkō War 1132:Jōkyū War 420:Daijō-kan 365:Religion 81:1868–1947 18543:Portugal 18504:Cambodia 18300:Furanten 18232:Governor 18149:Kōkai-dō 18104:Kōgen-dō 18099:Keiki-dō 18017:Karafuto 17961:Category 17910:document 17820:document 17677:Ardennes 17661:Budapest 17609:Crossbow 17487:Overlord 17326:Smolensk 16544:Timeline 16379:Slovakia 16365:Thailand 16216:Ethiopia 16181:Bulgaria 16105:Portugal 16043:Thailand 15925:Bulgaria 15703:Eswatini 15696:Ethiopia 15649:Bulgaria 15474:Unit 731 15435:Response 15252:Keelhaul 15202:Cold War 15175:Americas 15166:timeline 15159:Atlantic 15039:Theaters 14671:Category 14258:Refugees 14224:Italians 14213:Germans 14173:Ober Ost 13953:Aviation 13054:Timeline 13025:Bulgaria 12806:Tsingtao 12783:Togoland 12730:Caucasus 12665:European 12657:Theatres 12453:Yen bloc 12441:Ideology 12432:Thailand 12301:Karafuto 12294:Colonies 11881:Kamikaze 11824:Military 11727:Treasury 11581:Policies 11572:Kimigayo 11493:Emperors 11460:Politics 11428:Eugenics 11386:Overview 11206:(1921). 11143:Archived 11119:(2002). 11078:(1995). 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