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of any kind is inherently wrong and an act against human rights. This serves as a springboard for the rest of the convention, proving that all signatory states are in agreement about the main purpose of the
Convention. The Commission has also stated multiple times that it is a signatory state's duty to prevent incommunicado detention, and to strive to be aware and knowledgeable of what happens to its prisoners and those stripped of their liberties to ensure that they are not tortured. Failure to do so would be an infringement against the Torture Conventions Article Five which ensures that a State creates conditions that prevents an individual from undergoing torture and punishes those who initiate or instigate such activities.
3122:
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25:
2219:
285:
Inter-American
Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture, this protocol issued that places where people are stripped of their liberties be visited by other independent international and national bodies. This would ultimately address the countries in violation of the Convention to work toward a consensus regarding said issue.
293:
The
Organization of American States' (O.A.S.) main convention, the American Convention on Human Rights, has a small section within its chapters skimming over the issue of torture. The American Convention on Human Rights was adopted at the Inter-American Specialized Conference on Human Rights in Costa
275:
Before the 24 Articles of the Inter-American
Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture are listed, the American States signatories are to state their awareness of the purpose of the convention, affirming that the convention is actually necessary, and concur that torture or cruel and inhuman treatment
302:
Like the Inter-American
Convention to Prevent Torture, the UN Convention outlines that its goal is not to outlaw all torture everywhere, but to make sure that the countries under the UN follow the Articles agreed upon during the convention. The Convention's main purpose is to strengthen opposition
284:
On
December 18, 2002, the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment was adopted and sponsored by the United Nations. An optional protocol adds to or elaborates upon the treaty it is associated with. Unlike the
256:, including "the use of methods upon a person intended to obliterate the personality of the victim or to diminish his physical or mental capacities, even if they do not cause physical pain or mental anguish." The Convention is one of a series of OAS agreements that seek to protect
294:
Rica on
November 22, 1969. Within Article Five of its second chapter on civil and political rights the convention states that no person shall be tortured and that people deprived of their liberty, such as those who are imprisoned, shall not be subject to such treatment either.
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The Inter-American
Convention entered into force on February 28, 1987, and, as of 2013, 18 nations are party to it, with another two having signed but not yet ratified.
3427:
267:
The
Convention also requires states to take effective measures to prevent torture within their borders, and creates an ability to extradite persons accused of torture.
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The United
Nations Convention Against Torture: A Handbook on the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
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2018:
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2013:
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2008:
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108:
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4334:
3717:
3667:
2352:
1876:
1812:
1714:
1465:
1367:
1163:
1082:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
987:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
974:
322:
46:
5825:
5810:
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1316:
445:
5815:
5800:
5760:
5576:
4855:
4005:
3253:
2028:
1847:
1117:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
771:
2187:
5765:
5683:
5571:
5566:
5520:
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5316:
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1978:
1961:
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1440:
332:
5269:
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2848:
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2418:
1524:
1142:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
5042:
5644:
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5083:
4870:
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1576:
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1111:
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807:
35:
5138:
5123:
3939:
3402:
3341:
3324:
3232:
2880:
2342:
2063:
1022:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
812:
312:
5242:
4835:
4513:
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4000:
3188:
3144:
3107:
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1509:
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676:
403:
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4309:
3334:
3183:
3097:
3061:
3056:
3008:
2739:
1988:
1026:
878:
2829:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
8:
5596:
5389:
5118:
4258:
4175:
3279:
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1175:
823:
696:
551:
490:
166:
1614:
500:
303:
and prohibition of torture globally through its support of allied countries and states.
5665:
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4409:
4153:
4133:
4086:
4076:
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2930:
1544:
1529:
1519:
1273:
1195:
611:
5531:
Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
1032:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
365:
The Prohibition of Torture and Ill-treatment in the Inter-American Human Rights System
5561:
5556:
5475:
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)
4918:
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2162:
1623:
1405:
495:
468:
424:
368:
351:
1027:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
5500:
5454:
5374:
4923:
4890:
4389:
4253:
4248:
4213:
3407:
2496:
2436:
2406:
2088:
1782:
1288:
1137:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
327:
997:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
5697:
5611:
5495:
5404:
5292:
5172:
5145:
5133:
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5000:
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4723:
4683:
4394:
4319:
4243:
4228:
4148:
1859:
1081:
5343:
3121:
390:
Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty
5249:
5057:
4975:
4564:
4530:
4481:
4466:
4238:
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4123:
4113:
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4728:
4668:
4508:
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4379:
4374:
4304:
4263:
4187:
1250:
884:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
701:
5235:
4985:
4953:
4908:
4646:
4641:
4612:
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4503:
4471:
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4426:
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4273:
4223:
4138:
3954:
3227:
3217:
3092:
2906:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
681:
621:
561:
5692:
252:
The Inter-American Convention defines torture more expansively than the
133:
5709:
5429:
5221:
5150:
5030:
4968:
4713:
4634:
4629:
4587:
4569:
4557:
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4364:
4354:
4314:
4299:
4283:
4233:
4170:
4165:
2993:
2058:
1558:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
601:
5624:
5464:
5128:
5093:
5035:
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4875:
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4733:
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711:
631:
556:
5704:
5216:
24:
5510:
5434:
5177:
5162:
4865:
4750:
4547:
4091:
3412:
1983:
1971:
1002:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
691:
666:
646:
606:
596:
566:
5630:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
5261:
5067:
5015:
4995:
4943:
4755:
4673:
4489:
4451:
4399:
3969:
3964:
2901:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
1568:
706:
651:
626:
616:
576:
243:
5415:
Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)
5167:
5020:
4765:
4656:
4651:
4597:
4268:
3949:
3136:
2048:
1966:
1936:
1901:
1470:
1445:
1431:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
1322:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
661:
656:
636:
586:
581:
571:
1047:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
910:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
297:
288:
5540:
5108:
5052:
4958:
4799:
4602:
4101:
1946:
1446:
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
866:
641:
591:
5384:
5354:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
4990:
4938:
4794:
4192:
4108:
3959:
1416:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
1411:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
671:
443:
853:
5582:
Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)
4062:
530:
58:"Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture"
5400:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
916:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
228:
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
127:
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
4031:
5681:
1456:
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
1012:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
928:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
2859:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
2809:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1312:
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1107:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1042:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
933:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
798:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
417:
Brownlie, Ian; Goodwin-Gill, Guy S. (24 June 2010).
416:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3933:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
2916:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
1161:
4021:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3052:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1486:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
148: Signed, but has not ratified the convention
5717:
1373:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
1206:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
362:
238:, created in 1985 within the Western Hemisphere
5445:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
3026:World Federation of United Nations Associations
2521:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1553:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1353:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
922:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
5425:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
1037:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
793:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
5650:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
5370:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
5277:
4047:
3152:
1584:
1236:
1181:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
839:
516:
2921:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
1191:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
1077:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
5450:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
5385:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
1491:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
1186:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
1007:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
762:Inter-American Telecommunication Commission
467:. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
446:"Inter-American Commission on Human Rights"
392:. Netherlands Quarterly on Human Rights 10.
298:UN Convention to Prevent Torture Comparison
289:American Convention on Human Rights of 1969
5620:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
5516:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
5395:Central American Integration System (SICA)
5284:
5270:
4054:
4040:
3159:
3145:
3014:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
2926:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
1591:
1577:
1358:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
1243:
1229:
943:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
895:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
846:
832:
523:
509:
1426:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1378:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
868:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
757:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
747:Secretariat for Multidimensional Security
318:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
254:United Nations Convention Against Torture
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
5736:Organization of American States treaties
5470:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
5199:History of the American legal profession
2443:Conference on International Organization
1097:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
220:English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish
3853:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2358:Office international d'hygiène publique
1461:Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
1451:Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
1436:International Labour Organization (ILO)
462:
5718:
3945:List of human rights abuses by country
3433:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
3398:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2153:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
1476:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
905:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
855:International human rights instruments
16:1985 treaty created to prevent torture
5440:Organization of American States (OAS)
5420:Latin American Economic System (SELA)
5380:Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
5307:Spanish American wars of independence
5265:
4035:
4016:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3140:
3067:UN television film series (1964–1966)
2819:International Narcotics Control Board
2750:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
2538:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
2509:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2487:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1572:
1421:Organisation of American States (OAS)
1224:
1160:
1063:
1017:Convention on the Rights of the Child
972:
971:
954:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
889:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
865:
827:
532:Organization of American States (OAS)
504:
264:, which bans torture in less detail.
236:international human rights instrument
2891:United Nations Postal Administration
2526:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
2245:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1383:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
1307:Committee on the Rights of the Child
767:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
742:Secretariat for Integral Development
387:
279:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
5746:Treaties entered into force in 1987
5291:
2294:Permanent representatives to the UN
2183:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
1289:Truth and reconciliation commission
1124:American Convention on Human Rights
803:American Convention on Human Rights
270:
262:American Convention on Human Rights
13:
5781:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
5349:Inter-American Commission of Women
3443:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
3305:National human rights institutions
3300:List of human rights organisations
3103:Withdrawal from the United Nations
2289:Security Council Permanent members
1598:
1102:European Convention on Nationality
752:Inter-American Commission of Women
420:Browlie's Document on Human Rights
14:
5852:
5506:CARICOM Single Market and Economy
5480:United States Pirate Party (USPP)
4183:Restitution and unjust enrichment
3088:United Nations in popular culture
2772:Expulsion from the United Nations
2717:General Assembly President (2016)
1092:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
737:Secretariat for Political Affairs
484:
444:Organization of American States.
5703:
5691:
5526:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
5230:
5229:
5215:
3428:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
3166:
3120:
1064:
687:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
363:Rodriguez-PinzĂłn, Diego (2006).
132:
23:
5640:Free Trade Area of the Americas
5635:Economic Partnership Agreements
5587:Inter-American Development Bank
5194:History of the legal profession
3553:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
3259:Natural rights and legal rights
3249:Claim rights and liberty rights
2676:International Court of Justice
2225:Sport for Development and Peace
1481:UN Development Programme (UNDP)
1441:World Health Organization (WHO)
404:"What Is An Optional Protocol?"
240:Organization of American States
211:Organization of American States
34:needs additional citations for
5312:Decolonization of the Americas
3423:against Palestinians by Israel
2353:Permanent Court of Arbitration
2348:International Peace Conference
1715:International Court of Justice
1368:European Court of Human Rights
1164:International humanitarian law
456:
437:
410:
396:
381:
356:
344:
323:International human rights law
260:, within the framework of the
246:and other similar activities.
1:
5390:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
2886:Sustainable Development Goals
2413:Declaration by United Nations
2338:International Telegraph Union
1132:to Prevent and Punish Torture
352:Signatories and Ratifications
338:
142: Ratified the convention
3264:Negative and positive rights
2814:International Criminal Court
2250:UN organizations by location
1317:International Criminal Court
209:General Secretariat of the
7:
5577:Central American Parliament
4006:List of human rights awards
3878:in the United Arab Emirates
3254:Individual and group rights
2948:Security Council veto power
2255:Sexual Violence in Conflict
2178:Economic and Social Affairs
1749:Economic and Social Council
1471:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)
772:Pan American Union Building
463:Burgers, J. Herman (1988).
306:
10:
5857:
5741:Treaties concluded in 1985
5572:Caribbean Development Bank
5567:Caribbean Court of Justice
5521:Central America-4 passport
5322:North American integration
5317:Latin American integration
4861:International legal theory
4340:International slavery laws
4335:International human rights
4330:International criminal law
3928:of the Marcos dictatorship
2999:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
2824:International Day of Peace
2306:General Assembly Observers
1629:General Assembly President
1466:UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
1128:Inter-American Convention
992:Convention against Torture
5658:
5610:
5602:South American Parliament
5592:Latin American Parliament
5549:
5488:
5362:
5299:
5209:
5186:
5076:
4914:Administration of justice
4899:
4808:
4699:
4578:
4480:
4201:
4069:
3988:
3873:in the State of Palestine
3858:in the Dominican Republic
3438:during the Gaddafi regime
3375:
3320:
3313:
3292:
3272:
3241:
3213:
3202:
3174:
3116:
3039:
2730:
2652:
2555:
2543:World Heritage Convention
2452:
2431:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
2393:
2330:
2321:
2267:
2141:General Assembly Building
2114:
1997:
1769:
1668:
1650:
1641:
1606:
1538:
1499:
1391:
1345:
1327:UN Human Rights Committee
1297:
1284:Human rights institutions
1266:
1171:
1156:
1072:
1059:
982:
967:
874:
861:
780:
724:
547:
538:
333:Use of torture since 1948
216:
205:
197:
189:
181:
173:
162:
154:
131:
126:
5726:Human rights instruments
4691:Basic structure doctrine
4541:Natural and legal rights
4422:Public international law
2849:Military Staff Committee
2188:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
1691:Deputy Secretary-General
1620:Deputy Secretary-General
1539:ICRC – organization with
1363:African Court of Justice
242:and intended to prevent
5791:Treaties of El Salvador
5645:G3 Free Trade Agreement
5410:Contadora support group
4871:Principle of typicality
4345:International trade law
4061:
3996:History of human rights
3403:Enforced disappearances
3393:Crimes against humanity
3020:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
2982:UN International School
2977:UN Federal Credit Union
2958:Security Council reform
2794:Four Nations Initiative
2722:Security Council (2016)
2565:Security Council vetoes
1696:Under-Secretary-General
1332:UN Human Rights Council
1279:Human rights commission
900:Declaration of Montreal
808:Pan-American Conference
5776:Treaties of Costa Rica
5375:Andean Community (CAN)
3940:Incitement to genocide
3233:Universal jurisdiction
2970:Security Council mural
2936:Millennium Declaration
2881:SDG Publishers Compact
2343:Universal Postal Union
813:Summit of the Americas
491:Text of the Convention
313:Command responsibility
5836:Treaties of Venezuela
5806:Treaties of Nicaragua
5796:Treaties of Guatemala
5751:Treaties of Argentina
5731:Anti-torture treaties
5671:Pan-American Congress
4866:Principle of legality
4625:Delegated legislation
4325:Intellectual property
4001:List of global issues
3108:Women in peacekeeping
2767:Drug control treaties
1510:Amnesty International
949:Yogyakarta Principles
677:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5826:Treaties of Suriname
5811:Treaties of Paraguay
5771:Treaties of Colombia
5536:Interoceanic Highway
5084:Barristers' chambers
5026:Legal representation
4964:Justice of the peace
4310:Financial regulation
3883:in the United States
3658:in Jammu and Kashmir
3204:Fundamental concepts
3062:United Nations Radio
3057:United Nations Medal
3009:University for Peace
2740:Bretton Woods system
2475:governed territories
2220:Developing Countries
2131:Secretariat Building
2000:Specialized agencies
1541:special status based
879:Brazilian Resolution
43:improve this article
5831:Treaties of Uruguay
5786:Treaties of Ecuador
5756:Treaties of Bolivia
5597:Mercosur Parliament
5119:Election commission
4831:Expressive function
4360:Landlord–tenant law
4259:Consumer protection
3868:in the Soviet Union
3768:in Papua New Guinea
3418:Human rights abuses
3376:Human rights abuses
3280:Corporal punishment
2834:International Years
2799:Genocide Convention
2235:Outer Space Affairs
2230:Disarmament Affairs
2195:Safety and Security
2136:Conference Building
2116:Secretariat offices
1761:Trusteeship Council
1337:UN Security Council
1176:Genocide Convention
697:Trinidad and Tobago
552:Antigua and Barbuda
167:Cartagena de Indias
123:
5816:Treaties of Panama
5801:Treaties of Mexico
5761:Treaties of Brazil
5666:Pan American Games
5339:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
5077:Legal institutions
4944:Lawsuit/Litigation
4934:Dispute resolution
4739:Catholic canon law
4447:State of emergency
4410:Will and testament
4134:Law of obligations
4087:Constitutional law
4077:Administrative law
3863:in the Philippines
3388:Crime of apartheid
2854:Official languages
2401:London Declaration
2210:Internal Oversight
2200:Palestinian Rights
1772:Funds, programmes,
1545:Geneva Conventions
1530:Human Rights First
1520:Human Rights Watch
1274:Human rights group
1196:Geneva Conventions
612:Dominican Republic
121:
5766:Treaties of Chile
5679:
5678:
5562:Bank of the South
5557:Andean Parliament
5259:
5258:
4919:Constitutionalism
4841:Law and economics
4679:Act of parliament
4417:Product liability
4370:Legal archaeology
4295:Environmental law
4289:Entertainment law
4129:International law
4029:
4028:
4011:Three generations
3371:
3370:
3288:
3287:
3134:
3133:
2965:UN Art Collection
2941:Millennium Summit
2896:UN Block By Block
2876:Ralph Bunche Park
2844:UN laissez-passer
2804:UN Global Compact
2761:Delivering as One
2660:Secretary-General
2551:
2550:
2531:Indigenous Caucus
2425:Tehran Conference
2419:Moscow Conference
2394:Preparatory years
2363:League of Nations
2263:
2262:
2163:Palace of Nations
1865:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
1681:Secretary-General
1624:Amina J. Mohammed
1611:Secretary-General
1566:
1565:
1406:Council of Europe
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1201:Hague Conventions
1152:
1151:
1055:
1054:
975:International law
963:
962:
821:
820:
720:
719:
280:Optional protocol
224:
223:
119:
118:
111:
93:
5848:
5841:1985 in Colombia
5821:Treaties of Peru
5708:
5707:
5696:
5695:
5687:
5612:Free trade areas
5501:CARICOM passport
5455:Pacific Alliance
5286:
5279:
5272:
5263:
5262:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5220:
5219:
5043:Question of fact
4924:Criminal justice
4254:Construction law
4249:Conflict of laws
4214:Agricultural law
4056:
4049:
4042:
4033:
4032:
3783:in Punjab, India
3408:Forced migration
3318:
3317:
3211:
3210:
3206:and philosophies
3161:
3154:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3127:World portal
3125:
3124:
3031:Biopiracy treaty
2617:Nagorno-Karabakh
2587:Security Council
2570:General Assembly
2497:Human Rights Day
2437:Yalta Conference
2407:Atlantic Charter
2328:
2327:
2284:Founding members
2205:Peace Operations
2089:World Bank Group
1783:Culture of Peace
1774:and other bodies
1727:Security Council
1703:General Assembly
1669:Principal organs
1648:
1647:
1615:AntĂłnio Guterres
1593:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1158:
1157:
1061:
1060:
969:
968:
938:Paris Principles
863:
862:
848:
841:
834:
825:
824:
732:General Assembly
545:
544:
525:
518:
511:
502:
501:
479:
478:
460:
454:
453:
441:
435:
434:
414:
408:
407:
400:
394:
393:
385:
379:
378:
360:
354:
348:
328:Torture by proxy
271:Signatory States
177:28 February 1987
147:
141:
136:
124:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5702:
5690:
5682:
5680:
5675:
5654:
5606:
5545:
5496:Andean passport
5484:
5430:Lima Group (LG)
5405:Contadora group
5358:
5295:
5293:Pan-Americanism
5290:
5260:
5255:
5228:
5214:
5205:
5182:
5173:Political party
5146:Legal education
5134:Law enforcement
5114:Court of equity
5072:
5048:Question of law
5001:Practice of law
4981:Judicial review
4895:
4846:Legal formalism
4826:Comparative law
4821:Contract theory
4804:
4724:Legal pluralism
4695:
4684:Act of Congress
4608:Executive order
4574:
4476:
4395:Nationality law
4320:Immigration law
4244:Competition law
4197:
4065:
4060:
4030:
4025:
3984:
3813:in South Africa
3803:in Sierra Leone
3798:in Saudi Arabia
3528:in Burkina Faso
3483:in Azad Kashmir
3367:
3309:
3284:
3268:
3237:
3207:
3205:
3198:
3189:Intersex people
3170:
3165:
3135:
3130:
3119:
3112:
3035:
2726:
2648:
2547:
2448:
2389:
2331:Preceding years
2317:
2270:
2259:
2118:and departments
2117:
2110:
2002:
1993:
1776:
1773:
1765:
1664:
1637:
1602:
1597:
1567:
1562:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1495:
1393:
1387:
1346:Regional bodies
1341:
1299:
1293:
1262:
1249:
1219:
1210:
1167:
1148:
1068:
1051:
978:
959:
870:
857:
852:
822:
817:
776:
716:
534:
529:
487:
482:
475:
461:
457:
442:
438:
431:
415:
411:
402:
401:
397:
386:
382:
375:
361:
357:
349:
345:
341:
309:
300:
291:
282:
273:
185:2 ratifications
158:9 December 1985
150:
149:
145:
143:
139:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5854:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5713:
5712:
5700:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5289:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5266:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5225:
5222:Law portal
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:Trial advocacy
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4595:
4590:
4588:Ballot measure
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4565:Legal treatise
4562:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4533:
4531:Letters patent
4528:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4482:Sources of law
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4467:Unenforced law
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4239:Commercial law
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3833:in Switzerland
3830:
3825:
3820:
3818:in South Korea
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:in North Korea
3750:
3745:
3743:in New Zealand
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3688:in Kyrgyzstan‎
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3573:in El Salvador
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3498:in Balochistan
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3448:in Afghanistan
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3383:Atrocity crime
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
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2148:Envoy on Youth
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485:External links
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5334:SimĂłn BolĂvar
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5104:Civil society
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4949:Legal opinion
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4901:Jurisprudence
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4790:Statutory law
4788:
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4785:Socialist law
4783:
4779:
4778:Byzantine law
4776:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
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4729:Religious law
4727:
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4701:Legal systems
4698:
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4669:Statutory law
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4457:Transport law
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4375:Legal fiction
4373:
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4361:
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4305:Financial law
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4264:Corporate law
4262:
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4188:Statutory law
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4070:Core subjects
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3903:in Uzbekistan
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3793:in the Russia
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3503:in Bangladesh
3501:
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3488:in Azerbaijan
3486:
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3354:South America
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3293:Organizations
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1392:Multi-lateral
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1298:International
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702:United States
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430:9780199564040
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388:n.a. (1992).
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
5550:Institutions
5344:Lucas Alamán
5326:
5248:
5241:
5227:
5213:
4986:Jurisdiction
4954:Legal remedy
4909:Adjudication
4809:Legal theory
4647:Ratification
4642:Promulgation
4613:Proclamation
4593:Codification
4526:Human rights
4514:Divine right
4504:Constitution
4472:Women in law
4390:Military law
4385:Marriage law
4380:Maritime law
4279:Election law
4219:Aviation law
4209:Abortion law
4161:Property law
4097:Criminal law
3908:in Venezuela
3823:in Sri Lanka
3703:in Lithuania
3628:in Indonesia
3608:in Hong Kong
3603:in Guatemala
3473:in Australia
3463:in Argentina
3314:By continent
3242:Distinctions
3223:Positive law
3168:Human rights
3118:
3080:
3072:
3018:
2864:Peacekeeping
2839:Interpreters
2759:
2460:Peacekeeping
2378:organization
2279:Full members
2240:Partnerships
2126:Headquarters
1848:peacekeeping
1300:institutions
1260:institutions
1253:human rights
1162:
1131:
1066:Regional law
1065:
973:
867:
725:Organization
464:
458:
449:
439:
419:
412:
398:
389:
383:
364:
358:
346:
301:
292:
283:
274:
266:
258:human rights
251:
248:
231:
227:
225:
105:
99:January 2019
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
5460:Petrocaribe
5158:Legislature
5089:Bureaucracy
4886:Rule of man
4881:Rule of law
4856:Libertarian
4719:Chinese law
4620:Legislation
4570:Regulations
4558:Law reports
4536:Natural law
4432:Reparations
4427:Refugee law
4350:Jurimetrics
4291:(Media law)
4229:Banking law
4224:Amnesty law
4202:Disciplines
4139:Private law
3955:Persecution
3923:in Zimbabwe
3848:in Thailand
3758:in Pakistan
3713:in Malaysia
3578:in Ethiopia
3538:in Cambodia
3518:in Botswana
3330:Middle East
3228:Sovereignty
3218:Natural law
3093:UNICEF club
2787:Honour Flag
2622:North Korea
2557:Resolutions
2504:Enlargement
1676:Secretariat
682:Saint Lucia
622:El Salvador
190:Signatories
5720:Categories
5151:Law school
5031:Prosecutor
4969:Magistrate
4756:Jewish law
4714:Common law
4635:Rulemaking
4630:Regulation
4580:Law making
4519:Divine law
4495:Legal code
4442:Sports law
4365:Law of war
4315:Health law
4300:Family law
4284:Energy law
4234:Bankruptcy
4171:Punishment
4166:Public law
3980:War crimes
3913:in Vietnam
3898:in Ukraine
3788:in Romania
3748:in Nigeria
3733:in Myanmar
3728:in Morocco
3718:in Manipur
3693:in Lebanon
3668:in Kashmir
3643:in Ireland
3598:in Germany
3533:in Burundi
3513:in Bolivia
3508:in Belarus
3493:in Bahrain
3478:in Austria
3468:in Armenia
3453:in Algeria
3081:Ex Tempore
3073:UN Special
2994:UN Mandate
2453:Activities
2059:UN Tourism
1882:UN-HABITAT
1860:OzonAction
1685:selections
602:Costa Rica
339:References
206:Depositary
169:, Colombia
69:newspapers
5625:CARIFORUM
5465:Rio Group
5129:Judiciary
5124:Executive
5099:The bench
5036:Solicitor
5011:Barrister
4891:Sociology
4876:Pseudolaw
4816:Anarchist
4773:Roman law
4761:Parsi law
4746:Hindu law
4734:Canon law
4709:Civil law
4662:Concordat
4553:Precedent
4462:Trust law
4437:Space law
4274:Drugs law
4144:Procedure
4082:Civil law
3893:in Uganda
3888:in Turkey
3843:in Taiwan
3778:in Poland
3763:in Panama
3723:in Mexico
3708:in Malawi
3683:in Kuwait
3648:in Israel
3583:in France
3543:in Canada
3523:in Brazil
3458:in Angola
2953:UN reform
2755:Criticism
2653:Elections
2627:Palestine
2514:committee
1922:UN-Oceans
1870:UNEP-WCMC
1754:President
1742:President
1732:Elections
1708:President
1643:UN System
1088:European
712:Venezuela
632:Guatemala
557:Argentina
217:Languages
182:Condition
174:Effective
5698:Politics
5511:CARIPASS
5489:Projects
5435:Mercosur
5236:Category
5178:Tribunal
5163:Military
5006:Attorney
4976:Judgment
4836:Feminist
4751:Jain law
4548:Case law
4269:Cyberlaw
4176:Corporal
4154:Criminal
4124:Evidence
4114:Doctrine
4092:Contract
3918:in Yemen
3838:in Syria
3828:in Sudan
3808:in Sindh
3738:in Nepal
3698:in Libya
3678:in Kenya
3663:in Japan
3653:in Italy
3623:in India
3618:in Haiti
3613:in Egypt
3593:in Ghana
3588:in Gabon
3568:in Egypt
3558:in China
3548:in Chile
3413:Genocide
3184:Children
3098:Model UN
3083:magazine
3075:magazine
3004:UN Sacco
2492:drafting
2470:timeline
2465:missions
2368:archives
1984:UN Women
1972:UNU-CRIS
1823:UNCITRAL
1660:Preamble
956:(UNDROP)
924:(UNDRIP)
781:Politics
692:Suriname
667:Paraguay
647:Honduras
607:Dominica
597:Colombia
567:Barbados
307:See also
234:) is an
163:Location
5684:Portals
5300:History
5250:Outline
5187:History
5094:The bar
5068:Verdict
5016:Counsel
4996:Justice
4851:History
4674:Statute
4490:Charter
4452:Tax law
4400:Probate
3989:Related
3975:Victims
3970:Torture
3965:Slavery
3773:in Peru
3638:in Iraq
3633:in Iran
3563:in Cuba
3359:Oceania
3273:Aspects
3047:Outline
2732:Related
2612:Lebanon
2383:members
2373:charter
2323:History
2269:Members
2168:Nairobi
1803:MINURSO
1737:Members
1720:Statute
1652:Charter
918:(DEVAW)
912:(DEDAW)
788:Charter
707:Uruguay
652:Jamaica
627:Grenada
617:Ecuador
577:Bolivia
562:Bahamas
540:Members
496:Parties
450:OAS.org
244:torture
198:Parties
83:scholar
5659:Events
5168:Police
5139:Agency
5021:Lawyer
4766:Sharia
4657:Treaty
4652:Repeal
4598:Decree
4509:Custom
4405:Estate
4355:Labour
4119:Equity
3950:Murder
3342:Europe
3325:Africa
3179:Humans
2931:UN Day
2869:Canada
2745:CCISUA
2607:Israel
2592:Cyprus
2445:(1945)
2439:(1945)
2433:(1944)
2427:(1943)
2421:(1943)
2415:(1942)
2409:(1941)
2403:(1941)
2173:Vienna
2158:Geneva
2049:UNESCO
1967:UNU-OP
1942:UNRISD
1937:UNOSAT
1917:UNITAR
1912:UNIDIR
1907:UNICRI
1902:UNICEF
1818:UNCTAD
1808:UNAIDS
1500:Major
1394:bodies
945:(VDPA)
891:(UDHR)
662:Panama
657:Mexico
637:Guyana
587:Canada
582:Brazil
572:Belize
471:
427:
371:
232:IACPPT
155:Signed
146:
140:
122:IACPPT
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
5541:SUCRE
5243:Index
5109:Court
5053:Trial
4959:Judge
4800:Yassa
4603:Edict
4149:Civil
4102:Crime
3194:Women
3040:Other
2987:Hanoi
2777:FICSA
2642:Yemen
2632:Syria
2480:UNPOL
2054:UNIDO
1957:UNSSC
1952:UNSDG
1947:UNRWA
1932:UNOPS
1927:UNODC
1897:UNHRC
1892:UNHCR
1887:OHCHR
1877:UNFPA
1843:UNDPO
1833:UNDGC
1828:UNCDF
1267:Types
642:Haiti
592:Chile
350:OAS,
90:JSTOR
76:books
4991:Jury
4939:Fiqh
4795:Xeer
4193:Tort
4109:Deed
3960:Rape
3335:Asia
2782:Flag
2710:2011
2705:2014
2700:2017
2695:2020
2690:2021
2685:2022
2680:2023
2670:2016
2665:2021
2602:Iraq
2597:Iran
2580:67th
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