Globalization - Knowledge

4401:. According to Lasch, the new elites, i.e. those who are in the top 20% in terms of income, through globalization which allows total mobility of capital, no longer live in the same world as their fellow-citizens. In this, they oppose the old bourgeoisie of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which was constrained by its spatial stability to a minimum of rooting and civic obligations. Globalization, according to the sociologist, has turned elites into tourists in their own countries. The denationalization of business enterprise tends to produce a class who see themselves as "world citizens, but without accepting ... any of the obligations that citizenship in a polity normally implies". Their ties to an international culture of work, leisure, information – make many of them deeply indifferent to the prospect of national decline. Instead of financing public services and the public treasury, new elites are investing their money in improving their voluntary ghettos: private schools in their residential neighborhoods, private police, garbage collection systems. They have "withdrawn from common life". Composed of those who control the international flows of capital and information, who preside over philanthropic foundations and institutions of higher education, manage the instruments of cultural production and thus fix the terms of public debate. So, the political debate is limited mainly to the dominant classes and political ideologies lose all contact with the concerns of the ordinary citizen. The result of this is that no one has a likely solution to these problems and that there are furious ideological battles on related issues. However, they remain protected from the problems affecting the working classes: the decline of industrial activity, the resulting loss of employment, the decline of the middle class, increasing the number of the poor, the rising crime rate, growing drug trafficking, the urban crisis. 2123:(LDCs). As economic integration intensified workers moved to areas with higher wages and most of the developing world oriented toward the international market economy. The collapse of the Soviet Union not only ended the Cold War's division of the world – it also left the United States its sole policeman and an unfettered advocate of free market. It also resulted in the growing prominence of attention focused on the movement of diseases, the proliferation of popular culture and consumer values, the growing prominence of international institutions like the UN, and concerted international action on such issues as the environment and human rights. Other developments as dramatic were the Internet's becoming influential in connecting people across the world; As of June 2012, more than 2.4 billion people—over a third of the world's human population—have used the services of the Internet. Growth of globalization has never been smooth. One influential event was the 76: 2612: 3819:, surveyed US opinion in 1993. Their survey showed that, in 1993, more than 40% of respondents were unfamiliar with the concept of globalization. When the survey was repeated in 1998, 89% of the respondents had a polarized view of globalization as being either good or bad. At the same time, discourse on globalization, which began in the financial community before shifting to a heated debate between proponents and disenchanted students and workers. Polarization increased dramatically after the establishment of the WTO in 1995; this event and subsequent protests led to a large-scale anti-globalization movement. Initially, college educated workers were likely to support globalization. Less educated workers, who were more likely to compete with immigrants and workers in developing countries, tended to be opponents. The situation changed after the 3888:, "Few propositions command as much consensus among professional economists as that open world trade increases economic growth and raises living standards." In a survey of leading economists, none disagreed with the notion that "freer trade improves productive efficiency and offers consumers better choices, and in the long run these gains are much larger than any effects on employment." Most economists would agree that although increasing returns to scale might mean that certain industry could settle in a geographical area without any strong economic reason derived from comparative advantage, this is not a reason to argue against free trade because the absolute level of output enjoyed by both "winner" and "loser" will increase with the "winner" gaining more than the "loser" but both gaining more than before in an absolute level. 4023:(GDP) growth among post-1980 globalizing countries accelerated from 1.4 percent a year in the 1960s and 2.9 percent a year in the 1970s to 3.5 percent in the 1980s and 5.0 percent in the 1990s. This acceleration in growth seems even more remarkable given that the rich countries saw steady declines in growth from a high of 4.7 percent in the 1960s to 2.2 percent in the 1990s. Also, the non-globalizing developing countries seem to fare worse than the globalizers, with the former's annual growth rates falling from highs of 3.3 percent during the 1970s to only 1.4 percent during the 1990s. This rapid growth among the globalizers is not simply due to the strong performances of China and India in the 1980s and 1990s—18 out of the 24 globalizers experienced increases in growth, many of them quite substantial. 2514: 2920:

in search of garment work. It is still unclear as to whether or not access to paid work for women where it did not exist before has empowered them. The answers varied depending on whether it is the employers perspective or the workers and how they view their choices. Women workers did not see the garment industry as economically sustainable for them in the long run due to long hours standing and poor working conditions. Although women workers did show significant autonomy over their personal lives including their ability to negotiate with family, more choice in marriage, and being valued as a wage earner in the family. This did not translate into workers being able to collectively organize themselves in order to negotiate a better deal for themselves at work.

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well as cut-backs to governmental social services. These neoliberal policies were introduced to many developing countries in the form of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) that were implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These programs required that the country receiving monetary aid would open its markets to capitalism, privatize public industry, allow free trade, cut social services like healthcare and education and allow the free movement of giant multinational corporations. These programs allowed the World Bank and the IMF to become global financial market regulators that would promote neoliberalism and the creation of free markets for multinational corporations on a global scale.

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relations and networks which are organized on a local and/or national basis; at the other end lie social and economic relations and networks which crystallize on the wider scale of regional and global interactions. Globalization can refer to those spatial-temporal processes of change which underpin a transformation in the organization of human affairs by linking together and expanding human activity across regions and continents. Without reference to such expansive spatial connections, there can be no clear or coherent formulation of this term. ... A satisfactory definition of globalization must capture each of these elements: extensity (stretching), intensity, velocity and impact.

3632: 1591:, and certain parts of Europe. With early globalization, it was difficult for states to interact with others that were not close. Eventually, technological advances allowed states to learn of others' existence and thus another phase of globalization can occur. The third has to do with inter-dependency, stability, and regularity. If a state is not dependent on another, then there is no way for either state to be mutually affected by the other. This is one of the driving forces behind global connections and trade; without either, globalization would not have emerged the way it did and states would still be dependent on their own 4726: 2362:'s theoretical approach to globalization is a critique of Wallerstein's World Systems Theory. He believes that the global capital experienced today is due to a new and distinct form of globalization which began in the 1980s. Robinson argues not only are economic activities expanded across national boundaries but also there is a transnational fragmentation of these activities. One important aspect of Robinson's globalization theory is that production of goods are increasingly global. This means that one pair of shoes can be produced by six countries, each contributing to a part of the production process. 4261: 2181: 1832: 218: 2712: 12085: 4628: 2462: 4980:, Norberg-Hodge claims that "centuries of ecological balance and social harmony are under threat from the pressures of development and globalization." She also criticizes the standardization and rationalization of globalization, as it does not always yield the expected growth outcomes. Although globalization takes similar steps in most countries, scholars such as Hodge claim that it might not be effective to certain countries and that globalization has actually moved some countries backward instead of developing them. 85: 4766: 2792: 2091: 3862: 5044: 1710: 96: 56: 4852: 2953: 4747:

improved very little. Within the decade between 2003 and 2013, income inequality grew even in traditionally egalitarian countries like Germany, Sweden and Denmark. With a few exceptions—France, Japan, Spain—the top 10 percent of earners in most advanced economies raced ahead, while the bottom 10 percent fell further behind. By 2013, 85 multibillionaires had amassed wealth equivalent to all the wealth owned by the poorest half (3.5 billion) of the world's total population of 7 billion.

4435: 1417:, and in journalism to describe how the "American Negro and his problem are taking on a global significance". They have also argued that four forms of globalization can be distinguished that complement and cut across the solely empirical dimensions. According to James, the oldest dominant form of globalization is embodied globalization, the movement of people. A second form is agency-extended globalization, the circulation of agents of different institutions, organizations, and 65: 1554: 3978: 1639: 3222: 15520: 14658: 3917:, a former adviser to the U.N. on globalization, holds that, although there are obvious problems with overly rapid development, globalization is a very positive force that lifts countries out of poverty by causing a virtuous economic cycle associated with faster economic growth. However, economic growth does not necessarily mean a reduction in poverty; in fact, the two can coexist. Economic growth is conventionally measured using indicators such as 3773: 1894: 1014: 14731: 2819: 4234:. A person who adheres to the idea of cosmopolitanism in any of its forms is called a cosmopolitan or cosmopolite. A cosmopolitan community might be based on an inclusive morality, a shared economic relationship, or a political structure that encompasses different nations. The cosmopolitan community is one in which individuals from different places (e.g. nation-states) form relationships based on mutual respect. For instance, 15531: 5030: 11998: 2377: 14668: 3031: 2928:

focuses on training and worker loyalty. Women are seen as being untrainable, placed in un-skilled, low wage jobs, while men are seen as more trainable with less turnover rates, and placed in more high skilled technical jobs. The idea of training has become a tool used against women to blame them for their high turnover rates which also benefit the industry keeping women as temporary workers.

2435:. Globalization has expanded recreational opportunities by spreading pop culture, particularly via the Internet and satellite television. The cultural diffusion can create a homogenizing force, where globalization is seen as synonymous with homogenizing force via connectedness of markets, cultures, politics and the desire for modernizations through imperial countries sphere of influence. 2072: 2557:'s shares of cultural exports declined while Asia's cultural exports grew to surpass North America. Related factors are the fact that Asia's population and area are several times that of North America. Americanization is related to a period of high political American clout and of significant growth of America's shops, markets and objects being brought into other countries. 3023:, as of 2014 there were an estimated 232 million international migrants in the world (defined as persons outside their country of origin for 12 months or more) and approximately half of them were estimated to be economically active (i.e. being employed or seeking employment). International movement of labor is often seen as important to economic development. For example, 2232:

goods and services from a particular source from locations around the globe to benefit from difference in cost and quality. Likewise, it also comprises globalization of markets; which is defined as the union of different and separate markets into a massive global marketplace. Economic globalization also includes competition, technology, and corporations and industries.

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towards globalization in the years prior. In 1998, negative articles outpaced positive articles by two to one. The number of newspaper articles showing negative framing rose from about 10% of the total in 1991 to 55% of the total in 1999. This increase occurred during a period when the total number of articles concerning globalization nearly doubled.

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socialists, environmental groups, and nationalists. Residents of the EU did not appear to feel threatened by globalization in 2004. The EU job market was more stable and workers were less likely to accept wage/benefit cuts. Social spending was much higher than in the US. In a Danish poll in 2007, 76% responded that globalization is a good thing.

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borders. The creation and expansion of such social relations is not merely observed on a material level. Cultural globalization involves the formation of shared norms and knowledge with which people associate their individual and collective cultural identities. It brings increasing interconnectedness among different populations and cultures.

4801:, the ideological backbone of contemporary globalized capitalism, has been "oversold", with the benefits of neoliberal policies being "fairly difficult to establish when looking at a broad group of countries" and the costs, most significantly higher income inequality within nations, "hurt the level and sustainability of growth." 1792:. The term describes the phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange that characterized the period immediately preceding the advent of high "modern globalization" in the late 19th century. This phase of globalization was characterized by the rise of maritime European empires, in the 15th and 17th centuries, first the 4498:(GATS). In light of the economic gap between rich and poor countries, movement adherents claim free trade without measures in place to protect the under-capitalized will contribute only to the strengthening the power of industrialized nations (often termed the "North" in opposition to the developing world's "South"). 4282: – Past examples of international cooperation exist. One example is the security cooperation between the United States and the former Soviet Union after the end of the Cold War, which astonished international society. Arms control and disarmament agreements, including the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (see 4819:. Those who oppose global governance typically do so on objections that the idea is unfeasible, inevitably oppressive, or simply unnecessary. In general, these opponents are wary of the concentration of power or wealth that such governance might represent. Such reasoning dates back to the founding of the 3310:, China in November 2019. More than 180 countries have reported cases since then. As of April 6, 2020, the U.S. has the most confirmed active cases in the world. More than 3.4 million people from the worst-affected countries entered the U.S. in the first three months since the inception of the 4959:

One critique of globalization is that natural resources of the poor have been systematically taken over by the rich and the pollution promulgated by the rich is systematically dumped on the poor. Some argue that Northern corporations are increasingly exploiting resources of less wealthy countries for

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began to rise. If we look at the Gini coefficient for world income, since the late 1980s, the gap between some regions has markedly narrowed—between Asia and the advanced economies of the West, for example—but huge gaps remain globally. Overall equality across humanity, considered as individuals, has

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between countries leads to the emergence of a global capital marketplace or a single world market. In the long run, increased movement of capital between countries tends to favor owners of capital more than any other group; in the short run, owners and workers in specific sectors in capital-exporting

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Baha'i-inspired author Meyjes, while favoring the single world community and emergent global consciousness, warns of globalization as a cloak for an expeditious economic, social, and cultural Anglo-dominance that is insufficiently inclusive to inform the emergence of an optimal world civilization. He

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As a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, globalization is considered by some as a form of capitalist expansion which entails the integration of local and national economies into a global, unregulated market economy. A 2005 study by Peer Fis and Paul Hirsch found a large increase in articles negative

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An essential aspect of globalization is movement of people, and state-boundary limits on that movement have changed across history. The movement of tourists and business people opened up over the last century. As transportation technology improved, travel time and costs decreased dramatically between

2944:(growth in global extent and scope of security relationships). Those dimensions, however, receive much less attention the three described above, as academic literature commonly subdivides globalization into three major areas: economic globalization, cultural globalization and political globalization. 2927:

industry in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico where poor women make up the majority of the labor force. Women in the maquiladora industry have produced high levels of turnover not staying long enough to be trained compared to men. A gendered two tiered system within the maquiladora industry has been created that

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claimed that the perception of consumption can be seen as self-identification and the formation of identity. Musically, this translates into each individual having their own musical identity based on likes and tastes. These likes and tastes are greatly influenced by culture, as this is the most basic

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between countries, leading to the emergence of a global marketplace or a single world market. Depending on the paradigm, economic globalization can be viewed as either a positive or a negative phenomenon. Economic globalization comprises: globalization of production; which refers to the obtainment of

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in many parts of the world resulted in a significant expansion of global interconnectedness. The migration and movement of people can also be highlighted as a prominent feature of the globalization process. In the period between 1965 and 1990, the proportion of the labor force migrating approximately

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Since the 1980s, modern globalization has spread rapidly through the expansion of capitalism and neoliberal ideologies. The implementation of neoliberal policies has allowed for the privatization of public industry, deregulation of laws or policies that interfered with the free flow of the market, as

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Held and his co-writers' definition of globalization in that same book as "transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions—assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact—generating transcontinental or inter-regional flows" was called "probably the

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manufacturing and service jobs from high-cost locations, creating economic opportunities with the most competitive wages and worker benefits. Critics of globalization say that it disadvantages poorer countries. While it is true that free trade encourages globalization among countries, some countries

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The flow of migrants to advanced economies has been claimed to provide a means through which global wages converge. An IMF study noted a potential for skills to be transferred back to developing countries as wages in those a countries rise. Lastly, the dissemination of knowledge has been an integral

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of globalization. Others point out that, while the forces of globalization have led to the spread of western-style democracy, this has been accompanied by an increase in inter-ethnic tension and violence as free market economic policies combine with democratic processes of universal suffrage as well

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In the current era of globalization, the world is more interdependent than at any other time. Efficient and inexpensive transportation has left few places inaccessible, and increased global trade has brought more and more people into contact with animal diseases that have subsequently jumped species

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between two people from different countries. A variety of special issues arise in marriages between people from different countries, including those related to citizenship and culture, which add complexity and challenges to these kinds of relationships. In an age of increasing globalization, where a

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where poor women make up the majority of labor force. Despite a large proportion of women workers in the garment industry, women are still heavily underemployed compared to men. Most women that are employed in the garment industry come from the countryside of Bangladesh triggering migration of women

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has defined it as "the expansion of a global political system, and its institutions, in which inter-regional transactions (including, but certainly not limited to trade) are managed". Political globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature,

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The word globalization was used in the English language as early as the 1930s, but only in the context of education, and the term failed to gain traction. Over the next few decades, the term was occasionally used by other scholars and media, but it was not clearly defined. One of the first usages of

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in 1999, where there were protests against the World Trade Organization's Third Ministerial Meeting. All over the world, the movement has held protests outside meetings of institutions such as the WTO, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, and the Group of

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in the developing world as a whole from 4.1 births per woman in 1980 to 2.8 in 2000 indicates improved education level of women on fertility, and control of fewer children with more parental attention and investment. Consequently, more prosperous and educated parents with fewer children have chosen

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Although in its simplistic sense globalization refers to the widening, deepening and speeding up of global interconnection, such a definition begs further elaboration. ... Globalization can be on a continuum with the local, national and regional. At one end of the continuum lie social and economic

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According to Oxfam International, the contrasting experiences of Latin America and East Asia illustrate that globalization-induced growth and poverty can co-exist. Even when the market expands, 'poor people are often excluded from opportunities by a lack of productive assets, weak infrastructure,

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The literature analyzing the economics of free trade is extremely rich with extensive work having been done on the theoretical and empirical effects. Though it creates winners and losers, the broad consensus among economists is that free trade is a large and unambiguous net gain for society. In a

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A number of international polls have shown that residents of Africa and Asia tend to view globalization more favorably than residents of Europe or North America. In Africa, a Gallup poll found that 70% of the population views globalization favorably. The BBC found that 50% of people believed that

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and other objects of exchange. He calls the transmission of ideas, images, knowledge, and information across world-space disembodied globalization, maintaining that it is currently the dominant form of globalization. James holds that this series of distinctions allows for an understanding of how,

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quoted as saying: "I am not an Athenian, or a Greek, but a citizen of the world." In an increasingly interdependent world, world citizens need a compass to frame their mindsets and create a shared consciousness and sense of global responsibility in world issues such as environmental problems and

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Globalization can be spread by Global journalism which provides massive information and relies on the internet to interact, "makes it into an everyday routine to investigate how people and their actions, practices, problems, life conditions, etc. in different parts of the world are interrelated.

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phenomenon by allowing music from developing countries to reach broader audiences. Though the term "World Music" was originally intended for ethnic-specific music, globalization is now expanding its scope such that the term often includes hybrid subgenres such as "world fusion", "global fusion",

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philosophies, and various technologies, as well as diseases, also traveled along the Silk Routes. In addition to economic trade, the Silk Road served as a means of carrying out cultural trade among the civilizations along its network. The movement of people, such as refugees, artists, craftsmen,

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government makes it very difficult for foreigners to enter the country and strictly monitors their activities when they do. Aid workers are subject to considerable scrutiny and excluded from places and regions the government does not wish them to enter. Citizens cannot freely leave the country.

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media, and international travel. This has added to processes of commodity exchange and colonization which have a longer history of carrying cultural meaning around the globe. The circulation of cultures enables individuals to partake in extended social relations that cross national and regional

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and international integration resulted in rising general welfare and, hence, reduced inequality. According to Wolf, in the developing world as a whole, life expectancy rose by four months each year after 1970 and infant mortality rate declined from 107 per thousand in 1970 to 58 in 2000 due to

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report showed that cultural exchange is becoming more frequent from Eastern Asia, but that Western countries are still the main exporters of cultural goods. In 2002, China was the third largest exporter of cultural goods, after the UK and US. Between 1994 and 2002, both North America's and the

2019:(WTO), which provided a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements and a dispute resolution process. Exports nearly doubled from 8.5% of total gross world product in 1970 to 16.2% in 2001. The approach of using global agreements to advance trade stumbled with the failure of the 1290:

The bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world market given a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in every country. To the great chagrin of Reactionists, it has drawn from under the feet of industry the national ground on which it stood. All old-established national

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show carbon footprint hotspots of the consumption of the United States, Hong Kong, and Japan, respectively. Among all foreign regions, the United States, Hong Kong, and Japan have the largest CFs in China, contributing ~23.0%, 10.8%, and 9.0%, respectively, to the total foreign CF in China in

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The DHL Global Connectedness Index studies four main types of cross-border flow: trade (in both goods and services), information, people (including tourists, students, and migrants), and capital. It shows that the depth of global integration fell by about one-tenth after 2008, but by 2013 had

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remains unmet and appears unattainable without regulation of capital and a reorientation and expansion of the state's role in funding public goods and providing a social safety net. Furthermore, the intersectionality of gender, race, class, can be overlooked by scholars and commentators when

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unevenly, historically, such that entire geographical regions were left mired in poverty and disease while others began to reduce poverty and disease on a wholesale basis. From around 1980 through at least 2011, the GDP gap, while still wide, appeared to be closing and, in some more rapidly

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globalization. Opponents of globalization argue that power and respect in terms of international trade between the developed and underdeveloped countries of the world are unequally distributed. The diverse subgroups that make up this movement include some of the following: trade unionists,

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In 2004, Philip Gordon stated that "a clear majority of Europeans believe that globalization can enrich their lives, while believing the European Union can help them take advantage of globalization's benefits while shielding them from its negative effects". The main opposition consisted of

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The term globalization implies transformation. Cultural practices including traditional music can be lost or turned into a fusion of traditions. Globalization can trigger a state of emergency for the preservation of musical heritage. Archivists may attempt to collect, record, or transcribe

4995:, and conversely, nations with stricter environmental regulations become more expensive for companies as a result of the costs associated with meeting these standards. Thus, companies that choose to physically invest in foreign countries tend to (re)locate to the countries with the lowest 4754:: the surplus in cheap labor coupled with an ever-growing number of companies in transition weakened labor unions in high-cost areas. Unions become less effective and workers their enthusiasm for unions when membership begins to decline. They also cite an increase in the exploitation of 2560:

Some critics of globalization argue that it harms the diversity of cultures. As a dominating country's culture is introduced into a receiving country through globalization, it can become a threat to the diversity of local culture. Some argue that globalization may ultimately lead to

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says that incomes of poor developing countries, with more than half the world's population, grew substantially faster than those of the world's richest countries that remained relatively stable in its growth, leading to reduced international inequality and the incidence of poverty.

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della Porta, D. 2005. "The Social Bases of the Global Justice Movement: Some Theoretical Reflections and Empirical Evidence from the First European Social Forum." Civil Society and Social Movements Programme Paper No. 21.Geneva: UNRISD (United Nations Research Institute for Social

2272:, or worldwide enterprise, is an organization that owns or controls the production of goods or services in one or more countries other than their home country. It can also be referred to as an international corporation, a transnational corporation, or a stateless corporation. 3079:

growing number of people have ties to networks of people and places across the globe, rather than to a current geographic location, people are increasingly marrying across national boundaries. Transnational marriage is a by-product of the movement and migration of people.

2068:, and are intended to increase the participants' understanding and tolerance of other cultures, as well as improving their language skills and broadening their social horizons. Between 1963 and 2006 the number of students studying in a foreign country increased 9 times. 4327:– One of the biggest challenges in 2019 with globalization is that many believe the progress made in the past decades are now back tracking. The back tracking of globalization has coined the term "Slobalization." Slobalization is a new, slower pattern of globalization. 1595:

and resources to work. This is one of the arguments surrounding the idea of early globalization. It is argued that archaic globalization did not function in a similar manner to modern globalization because states were not as interdependent on others as they are today.

4321:, in order to stop ozone depletion. The most recent debate around nuclear energy and the non-alternative coal-burning power plants constitutes one more consensus on what not to do. Thirdly, significant achievements in IC can be observed through development studies. 11931:(2015) "Proto-globalization and Proto-glocalizations in the Middle Millennium." In Kedar, Benjamin and Wiesner-Hanks, Merry (Eds.), Cambridge World History. Volume 5: Expanding Webs of Exchange and Conquest, 500–1500 CE. Cambridge University Press, pp. 665–684 4306:

Global Partnership against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, constitute concrete initiatives of arms control and de-nuclearization. The US–Russian cooperation was further strengthened by anti-terrorism agreements enacted in the wake of 9/11.

3743:, and point to a "multitude of interconnected fatal consequences–social disintegration, a breakdown of democracy, more rapid and extensive deterioration of the environment, the spread of new diseases, increasing poverty and alienation" which they claim are the 4692:. They often create partnerships where they work towards improving the lives of those who live in developing countries by building schools, fixing infrastructure, cleaning water supplies, purchasing equipment and supplies for hospitals, and other aid efforts. 3826:

According to Takenaka Heizo and Chida Ryokichi, as of 1998 there was a perception in Japan that the economy was "Small and Frail". However, Japan was resource-poor and used exports to pay for its raw materials. Anxiety over their position caused terms such as

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Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have been diffused by the Internet,

2697:. Multi-level governance gives expression to the idea that there are many interacting authority structures at work in the emergent global political economy. It illuminates the intimate entanglement between the domestic and international levels of authority. 3881:

2006 survey of 83 American economists, "87.5% agree that the U.S. should eliminate remaining tariffs and other barriers to trade" and "90.1% disagree with the suggestion that the U.S. should restrict employers from outsourcing work to foreign countries."

2058:. In the 1990s, the growth of low-cost communication networks cut the cost of communicating between countries. More work can be performed using a computer without regard to location. This included accounting, software development, and engineering design. 1355:...is the process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to the increasing ease with which somebody on one side of the world can interact, to mutual benefit, with somebody on the other side of the world. 2989:– have agreements with other countries allowing each other's citizens to travel between them without visas (for example, Switzerland is part of a Schengen Agreement allowing easy travel for people from countries within the European Union). The 2422:

outdraws the city of Paris, potentially reducing demand for "authentic" French pastry. Globalization's contribution to the alienation of individuals from their traditions may be modest compared to the impact of modernity itself, as alleged by

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Though often treated as synonyms, in French, globalization is seen as a stage following mondialisation, a stage that implies the dissolution of national identities and the abolishment of borders inside the world network of economic exchanges.

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and health conditions. Also, adult literacy in developing countries rose from 53% in 1970 to 74% in 1998 and much lower illiteracy rate among the young guarantees that rates will continue to fall as time passes. Furthermore, the reduction in

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Critiques of globalization generally stem from discussions surrounding the impact of such processes on the planet as well as the human costs. They challenge directly traditional metrics, such as GDP, and look to other measures, such as the

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Since its inception, the concept of globalization has inspired competing definitions and interpretations. Its antecedents date back to the great movements of trade and empire across Asia and the Indian Ocean from the 15th century onward.

1120:. The expansion of global markets liberalizes the economic activities of the exchange of goods and funds. Removal of cross-border trade barriers has made the formation of global markets more feasible. Advances in transportation, like the 4987:, which posits that, when large industrialized nations seek to set up factories or offices abroad, they will often look for the cheapest option in terms of resources and labor that offers the land and material access they require (see 3243:

reduced communication time considerably, allowing a message and a response in the same day. Lasting transatlantic telegraph connections were achieved in the 1865–1866. The first wireless telegraphy transmitters were developed in 1895.

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cause for a person's wants and behavior. The concept of one's own culture is now in a period of change due to globalization. Also, globalization has increased the interdependency of political, personal, cultural, and economic factors.

1171:, and some even to the third millennium BCE. Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s, and in the late 19th century and early 20th century drove a rapid expansion in the connectivity of the world's economies and cultures. The term 1693:

cities. Early on, the geographic position of Greece and the necessity of importing wheat forced the Greeks to engage in maritime trade. Trade in ancient Greece was largely unrestricted: the state controlled only the supply of grain.

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airports have made many types of tourism more affordable. At any given moment half a million people are in the air. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012. A

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Many in developing countries see globalization as a positive force that lifts them out of poverty. Those opposing globalization typically combine environmental concerns with nationalism. Opponents consider governments as agents of

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was the first method of instant long-distance communication. For example, before the first transatlantic cable, communications between Europe and the Americas took weeks because ships had to carry mail across the ocean. The first

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items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc. Cultural globalization has increased cross-cultural contacts, but may be accompanied by a decrease in the uniqueness of once-isolated communities. For example,

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rules and perceive current institutions of global economic integration as problems. The movement is often labeled an anti-globalization movement by the mainstream media. Those involved, however, frequently deny that they are

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Before electronic communications, long-distance communications relied on mail. Speed of global communications was limited by the maximum speed of courier services (especially horses and ships) until the mid-19th century. The

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make to host nation economies, both culturally and financially has encouraged major players to implement further initiatives to facilitate the arrival and integration of overseas students, including substantial amendments to

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suggests the possibility of a cosmopolitan community in which individuals from varying locations (physical, economic, etc.) enter relationships of mutual respect despite their differing beliefs (religious, political, etc.).

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shapes the political policy of countries. They advocate global institutions and policies that they believe better address the moral claims of poor and working classes as well as environmental concerns. Economic arguments by

7862:

The World Cup is the most-watched sporting event in the world. In 2006, more than 30 billion viewers in 214 countries watched the World Cup on television, and more than 3.3 million spectators attended the 64 matches of the

3929:

argues that poor people are often excluded from globalization-induced opportunities "by a lack of productive assets, weak infrastructure, poor education and ill-health;" effectively leaving these marginalized groups in a

2344:

looks at how procedures and controls governing the movement of goods across national borders can be improved to reduce associated cost burdens and maximize efficiency while safeguarding legitimate regulatory objectives.

2166:. New opposing views from some economists have argued such trends are a result of price drops and in actuality, trade volume is increasing, especially with agricultural products, natural resources and refined petroleum. 1465:, and political forces had permanently changed the world, for better and worse. He asserted that the pace of globalization was quickening and that its impact on business organization and practice would continue to grow. 2161:

Modern consensus for the last 15 years regards globalization as having run its course and gone into decline. A common argument for this is that trade has dropped since its peak in 2008, and never recovered since the

1291:

industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. . . . In place of the old local and national seclusion and self-sufficiency, we have intercourse in every direction, universal inter-dependence of nations.

1100:

and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture. Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects. However, disputes and international

4186:

in the age of interdependence and interaction. The disseminators of the concept define it as the notion that we have certain rights and responsibilities towards each other by the mere fact of being human on Earth.

2500:

Music has an important role in economic and cultural development during globalization. Music genres such as jazz and reggae began locally and later became international phenomena. Globalization gave support to the

1583:. Without the spread of traditional ideas from the East, Western globalization would not have emerged the way it did. The interactions of states were not on a global scale and most often were confined to Asia, 6551: 1366:

Globalization is the extension of social relations across world-space, defining that world-space in terms of the historically variable ways that it has been practiced and socially understood through changing

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Globalization is a diverse phenomenon that relates to a multilateral political world and to the increase of cultural objects and markets between countries. The Indian experience particularly reveals the

4391:

analyzed the widening gap between the top and bottom of the social composition in the United States. For him, our epoch is determined by a social phenomenon: the revolt of the elites, in reference to

3823:. According to a 1997 poll 58% of college graduates said globalization had been good for the US. By 2008 only 33% thought it was good. Respondents with high school education also became more opposed. 4672:, is a focal point of the movement. Many nongovernmental organizations have now arisen to fight these inequalities that many in Latin America, Africa and Asia face. A few very popular and well known 2763:. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation projects include a current multibillion-dollar commitment to funding immunizations in some of the world's more impoverished but rapidly growing countries. The 1784:" or "proto-globalization" covers a period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800. The concept of "proto-globalization" was first introduced by historians 2399:

is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to communicate across cultures.

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aspect of globalization. Technological innovations (or technological transfer) are conjectured to benefit most developing and least developing countries (LDCs), as for example in the adoption of

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used to take up to 5 weeks in the 18th century, but around the time of the 20th century it took a mere 8 days. Today, modern aviation has made long-distance transportation quick and affordable.

1949:

New industrial military technologies increased the power of European states and the United States, and allowed these powers to forcibly open up markets across the world and extend their empires.

1753:, opening long-distance political and economic interactions between them. Though silk was certainly the major trade item from China, common goods such as salt and sugar were traded as well; and 6640: 4960:

their global activities while it is the South that is disproportionately bearing the environmental burden of the globalized economy. Globalization is thus leading to a type of" environmental

1972:

created sustained demand for commodities. In the 19th century, steamships reduced the cost of international transportation significantly and railroads made inland transportation cheaper. The

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beginning in 1962. His view suggested that globalization would lead to a world where people from all countries will become more integrated and aware of common interests and shared humanity.

3609:. However, newer indices attempt to measure globalization in more general terms, including variables related to political, social, cultural, and even environmental aspects of globalization. 10609: 9309: 11857: 10718: 9053: 2985:

is a conditional authorization granted by a country to a foreigner, allowing them to enter and temporarily remain within, or to leave that country. Some countries – such as those in the

10892: 3759:, stating "the whole is greater than the parts. Globalization and unity should not be conceived as a sphere, but as a polyhedron: each people retains its identity in unity with others" 2155: 2102:

In the late 19th and early 20th century, the connectedness of the world's economies and cultures grew very quickly. This slowed down from the 1910s onward due to the World Wars and the

1084:), developed its current meaning sometime in the second half of the 20th century, and came into popular use in the 1990s to describe the unprecedented international connectivity of the 11743: 7424:

Kuruvilla, Sarosh; Ranganathan, Aruna (October 2008). "Economic Development Strategies And Macro- And Micro-Level Human Resource Policies: The Case Of India's "Outsourcing" Industry".

3938:

is another staunch supporter of globalization and free trade with a record of disagreeing with many critics of globalization. He argues that many of them lack a basic understanding of

2704:, also called dual citizenship or multiple nationality or dual nationality, is a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one 11419: 10692:

Marshall McLuhan and Bruce R. Powers (17 September 1992) The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21st century . Oxford University Press: 17 September 1992

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Eight (G8). Within the Seattle demonstrations the protesters that participated used both creative and violent tactics to gain the attention towards the issue of globalization.

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environmentalists, anarchists, land rights and indigenous rights activists, organizations promoting human rights and sustainable development, opponents of privatization, and

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in the workforce through ad-hoc training has deserved increasing attention in recent times. More and more students are seeking higher education in foreign countries and many

2150:

resulted from temporary shutdowns of manufacturing and transportation facilities, and labor shortages. Supply problems incentivized some switches to domestic production. The

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movement of goods, services, technology, and capital. Whereas the globalization of business is centered around the diminution of international trade regulations as well as

9983: 4652:, insisting that they support the globalization of communication and people and oppose only the global expansion of corporate power. The movement is based in the idea of 2565:

or Americanization of culture, where the dominating cultural concepts of economically and politically powerful Western countries spread and cause harm to local cultures.

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Globalization has been a gendered process where giant multinational corporations have outsourced jobs to low-wage, low skilled, quota free economies like the ready made

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and to preserve local musical traditions. Globalization can lead performers to discard traditional instruments. Fusion genres can become interesting fields of analysis.

8559: 6832: 10129:(2005) Globalization and War. Rowman & Littlefield; Smith, Dennis (2006) Globalization: The Hidden Agenda. Cambridge: Polity Press. See also Barber, Benjamin R., 8299: 14613: 8234: 6519: 8354: 5980: 4016:

within these developing countries, their economic growth and development have brought about improved standards of living and welfare for the population as a whole.

1564:

Archaic globalization conventionally refers to a phase in the history of globalization including globalizing events and developments from the time of the earliest

7025: 1843:

An alternative view from historians Dennis Flynn and Arturo Giraldez, postulated that: globalization began with the first circumnavigation of the globe under the

1319:

and an early writer in the field, described globalization as "the compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole."

13977: 6989: 2485:

is the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; a ninth of the entire population of the planet watched the

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Antagonists view one or more globalizing processes as detrimental to social well-being on a global or local scale; this includes those who focus on social or

10346: 9107: 4816: 3024: 1409:, 1998): academics, journalists, publishers/editors, and librarians." They note the term was used "in education to describe the global life of the mind"; in 9522: 14483: 13967: 8269: 8072: 9236: 8623: 1219:

organization, economics, sociocultural resources, and the natural environment. Academic literature commonly divides globalization into three major areas:

14475: 14430: 7173: 1848: 10523: 9401: 8705: 7631:[Building Medias Industry while Promoting a Community of Values in the Globalization: From Quixotic Choices to Pragmatic Boon for EU Citizens]. 4458:

issues are especially disturbed by the various abuses which they think are perpetuated by global and international institutions that, they say, promote

14193: 13842: 10432: 4357:

Anti-globalization, or counter-globalization, consists of a number of criticisms of globalization but, in general, is critical of the globalization of

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Some opponents of globalization see the phenomenon as a promotion of corporate interests. They also claim that the increasing autonomy and strength of

10454: 7629:"Budovanie mediálneho priemyslu a podpora hodnotovo orientovanej spoločnosti v globalizácii: od chichotského výberu k pragmatickým výhodám EU občanov" 4758:: countries with weak protections for children are vulnerable to infestation by rogue companies and criminal gangs who exploit them. Examples include 14498: 14451: 11226: 9791: 6630: 4104:

that would give world citizens a say in political organizations. This would, in their view, bypass nation-states, corporate oligopolies, ideological

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Varghese, N.V. 2008, 'Globalization of higher education and cross-border student mobility', International Institute for Educational Planning, UNESCO

4991:). This often comes at the cost of environmentally sound practices. Developing countries with cheap resources and labor tend to have less stringent 4116:

argue that economic expansion and development should be the first phase of democratic globalization, which is to be followed by a phase of building

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But economic growth can occur without touching problems like inequality or poverty when all the increase in income goes to a relatively few people.

9591: 8382:"Rags, Riches and Women Workers: Export-Oriented Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh," from Linking Women Producers and Workers with Global Markets 7998: 5561: 5003: 4042:

promotes peace. This idea had been very powerful during the globalization of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was a central doctrine of

3636: 1599:

Also posited is a "multi-polar" nature to archaic globalization, which involved the active participation of non-Europeans. Because it predated the

1299:

and Elizabeth King define globalization as "all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society." In

10617: 9619: 8148:, London Journal of Canadian Studies 2001/2002 Vol. 17, Plattsburgh State University of New York, Interdisciplinary Research Group on the Americas 3731:, including a fear of losing identity, suspicion of its activities, aggression, and desire to eliminate its presence to secure a presumed purity. 14563: 14488: 12299: 12155: 11586: 10126: 7097: 10556: 2940:(the internationally coordinated practices and regulations, often in the form of international treaties, regarding environmental protection) or 14588: 13982: 11854: 11468: 11323: 10884: 10722: 9045: 6192: 4346: 2258: 11935: 8145: 14065: 14007: 11739: 11008: 8744: 7758: 6433:

Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 33.

6424:

Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 32.

5470: 4971: 1394:. A fifth dimension—the ideological—cutting across the other four. The ideological dimension, according to Steger, is filled with a range of 7571: 5832: 4527:, is an underlying factor in the recent rapid expansion of global commerce. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of books ( 1152:, have been major factors in globalization and have generated further interdependence of economic and cultural activities around the globe. 13352: 9957: 7610: 6662: 2643: 2611: 2219:

Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-

2024: 1575:

In this schema, three main prerequisites are posited for globalization to occur. The first is the idea of Eastern Origins, which shows how

1311:

which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa." In 1992,

597: 75: 11416: 10808: 10257: 9710: 8040: 2158:, resulting in some de-coupling of the Russian economy with global trade, especially with the European Union and other Western countries. 14593: 14378: 11564: 7473: 6275: 3719:

is the fear of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange. Xenophobia can manifest itself in many ways involving the relations and

1915: 10188: 8959: 1267:

is often credited with popularizing the term and bringing it into the mainstream business audience in the later in the middle of 1980s.

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Current globalization trends can be largely accounted for by developed economies integrating with less developed economies by means of

11491: 10639:

Meyjes (also: Posthumus Meyjes), Gregory Paul (1999). "Language and Universalization: a 'Linguistic Ecology' Reading of Bahá'í Writ".

7942: 7877:""Competing Conceptions of Globalization" Revisited: Relocating the Tension between World-Systems Analysis and Globalization Analysis" 3647:

Reactions to processes contributing to globalization have varied widely with a history as long as extraterritorial contact and trade.

1438:

are increasingly restricted, while the most disembodied forms such as the circulation of financial instruments and codes are the most

1238:

and broader societal development as benefits, while opponents claim globalizing processes are detrimental to social well-being due to

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suggested this was because the middle class perceived upwardly mobile low-income groups as threatening to their economic security.

2735:. Philanthropic organizations with global missions are also coming to the forefront of humanitarian efforts; charities such as the 2147: 2143: 12058: 9487:

Fiss, Peer C.; Hirsch, Paul M. (February 2005). "The Discourse of Globalization: Framing and Sensemaking of an Emerging Concept".

7972: 5397: 1507:

Lechner and Boli (2012) define globalization as more people across large distances becoming connected in more and different ways.

1496:. Meanwhile, he used "cultural globalization" to reference the worldwide homogenization of culture. Other of his usages included " 14704: 12836: 11765: 8679: 6443: 6260: 5123: 11849:

Frey, James W. "The Global Moment: The Emergence of Globality, 1866–1867, and the Origins of Nineteenth-Century Globalization."

9991: 9198: 8327: 14724: 14618: 14493: 14373: 13284: 9658: 9274: 5169: 5015: 4495: 4038:

The globalization of the late 20th and early 21st centuries has led to the resurfacing of the idea that the growth of economic

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to enter everyday language. However, Japanese tradition was to be as self-sufficient as possible, particularly in agriculture.

2287:

agreement (FTA). Such agreements involve cooperation between at least two countries to reduce trade barriers –

2012: 622: 8606: 7376: 2999:

is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess

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Leibler, Anat. "The Emergence of a Global Economic Order: From Scientific Internationalism to Infrastructural Globalism." in

11662: 11638: 11617: 11521: 11444: 11214: 10833: 10412: 10382: 10225: 10150: 10095: 10059: 10026: 9743: 9376: 8876: 8813: 8780: 8574: 8458: 8431: 8389: 8210: 8163: 7855: 7825: 7359: 7292: 7231: 6804: 6716: 6537: 6321: 6217: 6095: 6024: 5963: 5931: 5853: 5655: 5506: 5381: 5190: 5128: 4147: 3323: 2302:

If people are also free to move between the countries, in addition to a free-trade agreement, it would also be considered an

1890:, and Chinese merchants were all involved in early modern trade and communications, particularly in the Indian Ocean region. 17: 8407:"The Dialectics of Still Life: Murder, Women, and Disposability," from Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism 6597: 2883: 1539:

which can be traced in the historical factors affecting globalization. Large-scale globalization began in the 19th century.

15067: 14671: 14633: 14623: 14533: 12136: 12064: 11209:

Nursing ethics: across the curriculum and into practice By Janie B. Butts, Karen Rich, Jones and Bartlett Publishers 2005,

8310: 7061: 5143: 4789:. Evidence suggests that while globalization has expanded women's access to employment, the long-term goal of transforming 4491: 4008:

to withdraw their children from the labor force to give them opportunities to be educated at school improving the issue of

2716: 156: 10923:

Frieden, Jeffry A. (1991). "Invested Interests: The Politics of National Economic Policies in a World of Global Finance".

8226: 6598:"Sample Chapter for Levinson, M.: The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger" 4446:

Capital markets have to do with raising and investing money in various human enterprises. Increasing integration of these

3897:, Jeffrey Sachs discusses how many factors can affect a country's ability to enter the world market, including government 2855: 2513: 2352:

has been described as the "primary engine of the country's development over the next few decades, contributing broadly to

2146:

included a massive decline in tourism and international business travel as many countries temporarily closed borders. The

15072: 14548: 14528: 14518: 14508: 14352: 11981:

Wallerstein, Immanuel. "Globalization or the Age of Transition? A Long-Term View of the Trajectory of the World System,"

10913:

Snow, D.A., Soule, S.A., & Kriesi, H. (2004). The Blackwell companion to social movements. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

10862: 8182: 6956: 5991: 5148: 4483: 1044: 641: 8014: 7732: 7019: 4412:, which uses tactics that are unique and use different resources than previously used before in other social movements. 15413: 15313: 14638: 14628: 14523: 11884: 11267: 9391:

Sorrells, Kathryn. Intercultural Communication: Globalization and Social Justice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2013. Print.

5579: 3909:; lack of infrastructure (including transportation, communications, health, and trade); unstable political landscapes; 2616: 2319: 1935:, Leandro Prados de la Escosura, and Guillaume Daudin, several factors promoted globalization in the period 1815–1870: 1401:

James and Steger stated that the concept of globalization "emerged from the intersection of four interrelated sets of '

132: 11050:

Storper Michael (2000). "Lived effects of the Contemporary Economy: Globalization, Inequality, and Consumer Society".

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Beginning in the 1930s, opposition arose to the idea of a world government, as advocated by organizations such as the

15166: 15057: 14918: 14603: 14558: 14215: 14118: 14058: 14027: 11198: 11160: 10774: 9696: 8837:

Gribble, C (2008). "Policy options for managing international student migration: the sending country's perspective".

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Paper prepared for The Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity Division of Arts and Cultural Enterprise UNESCO, Paris.

7399: 7200: 6473: 5894: 5764: 5596: 5339: 4700: 3020: 2902: 2862: 2736: 2139: 1615:, archaic globalization was a phenomenon that was driven not only by Europe but also by other economically developed 983: 973: 677: 637: 6508:

The Silver Way: China, Spanish America and the birth of globalisation 1565–1815 By Morales, Juan Jose; Gordon, Peter

2023:

of trade negotiation. Many countries then shifted to bilateral or smaller multilateral agreements, such as the 2011

14583: 13857: 13218: 11714: 9859: 8902: 8706:"Mainstreaming of Migration in Development Policy and Integrating Migration in the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda" 7347: 4874: 1858:, the method of managing global trade, and the level of information exchange. The period is marked by the shift of 1536: 432: 11388:; Grown, Caren (November 2006). "Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries". 10342: 9104: 2458:

are among those religions which have taken root and influenced endemic cultures in places far from their origins.

1910: 1572:

and how they were created by the geographical spread of ideas and social norms at both local and regional levels.

15159: 13957: 13892: 12937: 12021: 10312: 4487: 4117: 3282: 2635: 2227:, taxes, and other impediments that suppresses global trade, economic globalization is the process of increasing 1529: 732: 517: 268: 8277: 8080: 2993:

announced that the number of tourists who require a visa before traveling was at its lowest level ever in 2015.

14456: 13148: 9075: 8631: 8102:

Ghosh, Biswajit (June 2011). "Cultural Changes and Challenges in the Era of Globalization: The Case of India".

7546: 7042: 4673: 2916: 2869: 2840: 2836: 2000: 176: 35: 31: 12069: 9530: 9339: 7832:

The World Cup is now the most-watched sporting event in the world on television, above even the Olympic Games.

5705: 3332:, which measures three important dimensions of globalization: economic, social, and political. Another is the 1697: 15094: 13301: 12665: 11687: 10530: 9020:"Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins" 5138: 4774: 4105: 3240: 3058:

now consider overseas study a stepping-stone to permanent residency within a country. The contributions that

2724: 1211:

and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge. Globalizing processes affect and are affected by

998: 652: 10428: 2195: 15576: 15561: 14795: 14661: 14409: 14051: 13912: 13897: 13792: 12249: 10462: 9244: 8358: 5011: 4695: 3027:

means that people can move freely between member states to live, work, study or retire in another country.

2690: 2647: 2396: 2349: 2203: 2188: 317: 283: 11233: 10327:, Oxford University Press, 2006. Keynes had colourfully described the globalization before World War I in 9795: 6870:

Saggi, Kamal (2002). "Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and International Technology Transfer: A Survey".

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as an escalation in militarization to impose democratic principles and as a means to conflict resolution.

2972:

Tourism is travel for pleasure. The developments in technology and transportation infrastructure, such as

2851: 2579:

is defined as "seeing oneself in the other". Transcultural is in turn described as "extending through all

15571: 15566: 15213: 14785: 14760: 14697: 14568: 14342: 14220: 14188: 13318: 12829: 12774: 12314: 12045: 9563: 5225: 4540: 4467: 4405: 4336: 4026: 3626: 3286: 2937: 2400: 1989: 1387: 1192: 961: 287: 237: 9588: 4108:(NGO), political cults and mafias. One of its most prolific proponents is the British political thinker 15238: 15087: 14208: 13189: 12912: 12481: 10925: 9610: 7542:

Manfred B. Steger and Paul James, 'Ideologies of Globalism', in Paul James and Manfred B. Steger, eds,

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has a more beneficial impact than trade openness, sound political institutions, and foreign investment.

3846: 2990: 2631: 1844: 1813: 978: 476: 10578: 9523:"Africans and Asians Tend to View Globalization Favorably; Europeans and Americans are More Skeptical" 8259:, Gawin, Dariusz & Glinski, Piotr : "Civil Society in the Making", IFiS Publishers, Warszawa 2006 7495:

Robinson, William I. "Globalization and the sociology of Immanuel Wallerstein: A critical appraisal".

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Roy D. Voorhees, Emerson L. Seim, and John I. Coppett, "Global Logistics and Stateless Corporations",

7255: 6412:

Globality versus Democracy: The Changing Nature of International Relations in the Era of Globalization

6185:

Fotopoulos, Takis. (2001). "Globalization, the reformist Left and the Anti-Globalization 'Movement.'"

4762:, salvage, and farm work as well as trafficking, bondage, forced labor, prostitution and pornography. 4639:

The global justice movement is the loose collection of individuals and groups—often referred to as a "

4217: 3631: 2239:, the reduction of trade barriers as well as other economic reforms, and, in many cases, immigration. 15586: 14933: 14896: 14128: 13837: 13797: 13238: 12609: 12421: 12284: 12035: 10564: 6635: 5180: 4992: 4902: 4593: 4429: 3594: 3272: 3252: 3247:

The Internet has been instrumental in connecting people across geographical boundaries. For example,

3051: 2760: 2756: 2732: 2486: 2334:

through a standardized system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the

2269: 2236: 2120: 2004: 1821: 1670: 1093: 968: 537: 407: 273: 11402: 11316: 11064: 7195:

Joshi, Rakesh Mohan, (2009) International Business, Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York

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economic globalization was proceeding too rapidly, while 35% believed it was proceeding too slowly.

2438:

Religions were among the earliest cultural elements to globalize, being spread by force, migration,

1766:, robbers, and envoys, resulted in the exchange of religions, art, languages, and new technologies. 804: 15154: 14832: 14775: 14734: 14203: 13937: 13665: 13427: 13387: 13377: 13325: 12390: 12354: 12129: 11362: 8872: 7438: 6884: 5153: 4720: 4475: 4393: 4313: – One of the biggest successes of environmental cooperation has been the agreement to reduce 4113: 4095: 3966: 3303: 2797: 2061: 2016: 1996: 1817: 1523: 1156: 1106: 527: 362: 108: 12565: 11028: 10125:', in B. Turner (ed.) Handbook of Globalization Studies. London: Routledge/ Taylor & Francis; 8741: 8030:

Beard, David and Keneth Gloag. 2005. Musicology: The Key Concepts. London and New York: Routledge.

7921:

Throsby, David (2002). "The music industry in the new millennium: Global and Local Perspectives."

7750: 6753:(8 August 2012). "Gender and International Migration: Globalization, Development and Governance". 5679: 2135:

usage) or even temporarily negative growth (in areas such as trade) of global interconnectedness.

15458: 15010: 14854: 14802: 14404: 14292: 13715: 13623: 12922: 12917: 12754: 12648: 12184: 10683:

Kwame Anthony Appiah, "Cosmopolitan Patriots," Critical Inquiry 23, no. 3 (Spring, 1997): 617–39.

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Shoa, S. Rajgopal (2002). "Reclaiming Democracy, the Anti-globalization Movement in South Asia".

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until roughly the 1600s. This term is used to describe the relationships between communities and

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China and the Birth of Globalization in the 16th Century, by Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giráldez

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repertoires before melodies are assimilated or modified, while local musicians may struggle for

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recovered well above its pre-crash peak. The report also found a shift of economic activity to

3598: 3071: 2941: 2806: 2682: 2681:; the second treats states and the national government as the primary factors for integration. 2677:

with two meanings. The first refers to a theory of regional integration originally proposed by

2664: 2660: 2606: 2371: 2331: 2242: 2175: 2020: 1592: 1414: 1316: 1224: 1220: 762: 692: 682: 662: 647: 577: 547: 467: 372: 160: 11560: 11095:

Cohen, Maurie J. (July 2013). "Collective dissonance and the transition to post-consumerism".

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H., O'Rourke, Kevin; G., Williamson, Jeffrey (1 April 2002). "When did globalisation begin?".

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has a variety of similar meanings, often referring to a person who disapproves of traditional

3671:, in general, view globalizing processes as desirable or necessary to the well-being of human 2180: 2142:, starting in 2018, negatively affected trade between the two largest national economies. The 1488:

globalization. He used "political globalization" to refer to the emergence of a transnational

15338: 15176: 14908: 14837: 14327: 14287: 14245: 14108: 13997: 13972: 13902: 13585: 13313: 13086: 13044: 13014: 12784: 12759: 12744: 12675: 12660: 12495: 12461: 12384: 12369: 12254: 12169: 10784: 10749: 10398: 10217: 10176: 8474: 8200: 7312: 6487:

The English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-stock Company 1600–1640 (Vol. 4).

6311: 5555: 5263: 4898: 4669: 4665: 4640: 4209: 3939: 3922: 3850: 3705: 3686: 3651:

differences regarding the costs and benefits of such processes give rise to a broad-range of

3226: 3055: 1992:. The invention of shipping containers in 1956 helped advance the globalization of commerce. 1957: 1608: 1548: 1359: 1196: 1085: 993: 818: 747: 722: 627: 552: 512: 472: 457: 422: 395: 322: 12379: 12099: 11537: 11122: 10281: 9810: 8421: 7934: 5788:

Bakari, Mohamed El-Kamel (2013). "Globalization and Sustainable Development: False Twins?".

5756: 5750: 2015:(GATT) led to a series of agreements to remove trade restrictions. GATT's successor was the 15463: 15368: 15181: 15149: 15139: 15124: 15025: 15020: 14963: 14307: 14225: 13992: 13747: 13660: 13638: 13561: 13557: 13486: 13402: 13347: 13342: 13165: 13009: 12898: 12401: 12364: 12239: 12204: 11483: 9891: 9170: 7702: 7658:

Fangjun, Cao (1 September 2009). "Modernization Theory and China's Road to Modernization".

6052: 5283: 5175: 5073: 4967: 4934: 4739: 4577: 4358: 4235: 4079: 3898: 3829: 3728: 3668: 3602: 3278: 2936:

Scholars also occasionally discuss other, less common dimensions of globalization, such as

2876: 2740: 2701: 2694: 2670: 2650:. One of the key aspects of the political globalization is the declining importance of the 2639: 2246: 2228: 2124: 2116: 1973: 1932: 1863: 1862:

to Western Europe, the rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations such as the

1836: 1065: 988: 790: 757: 727: 562: 532: 522: 452: 437: 232: 227: 12264: 12007: 10654: 10115: 9046:"Disaster in motion: 3.4 million travelers poured into US as coronavirus pandemic erupted" 5611: 842: 8: 15581: 15000: 14990: 14985: 14968: 14859: 14842: 14755: 14347: 14143: 14093: 14074: 14017: 13882: 13752: 13542: 13471: 13228: 13201: 13184: 13172: 12994: 12950: 12714: 12709: 12594: 12426: 12396: 12209: 12189: 12122: 12055: 10322: 9907: 6666: 4953: 4922: 4897:

is a broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental

4790: 4677: 4409: 4362: 4047: 3999: 3986: 3926: 3679: 3004: 2655: 2494: 2359: 2254: 2245:

have made trade in goods and services more efficient. An example of such standard is the

2107: 2039: 1985: 1977: 1809: 1775: 1742: 1690: 1510:"Globophobia" is used to refer to the fear of globalization, though it can also mean the 1200: 1117: 1113: 862: 607: 507: 345: 332: 15243: 12003: 9895: 9174: 8653: 7964: 6056: 5287: 4074:

try to protect their domestic suppliers. The main export of poorer countries is usually

3786:

Please help update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Staggenborg, S. (2011). Social movements (Rev. ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

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The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger

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areas, has been denounced by environmental activists and indigenous rights campaigners.

3614: 3235: 3035: 2977: 2570: 2406: 2341: 2128: 2075: 2055: 1965: 1883: 1875: 1831: 1718: 1662: 1446: 1030: 672: 667: 587: 542: 492: 462: 442: 302: 279: 12084: 9903: 9792:"Winners and Losers: Perspectives on Globalization from the Emerging Market Economies" 6447: 6242: 5006:, which would form one of the world's largest free trade areas, has been denounced by 3961:, free enterprise and competition. In particular, in East Asian developing countries, 3901:; legal and social disparities based on gender, ethnicity, or caste; diseases such as 2711: 1854:

Early modern globalization is distinguished from modern globalization on the basis of

938: 15496: 15363: 15248: 15129: 15035: 14901: 14807: 14270: 13867: 13769: 13757: 13742: 13722: 13633: 13580: 13552: 13534: 13337: 13213: 13206: 13019: 12967: 12945: 12873: 12704: 12575: 12570: 12527: 12471: 12441: 12406: 12349: 12214: 11947: 11880: 11701: 11658: 11652: 11634: 11613: 11580: 11517: 11450: 11440: 11385: 11210: 11194: 11166: 11156: 10962: 10942: 10829: 10408: 10402: 10378: 10221: 10211: 10130: 10091: 10065: 10055: 10032: 10022: 10015: 9942: 9837: 9749: 9739: 9702: 9692: 9650: 9468: 9448: 9372: 9158: 8945: 8858: 8819: 8809: 8786: 8776: 8534: 8502: 8454: 8427: 8385: 8331: 8206: 8131: 8119: 7896: 7851: 7821: 7718: 7687: 7675: 7640: 7355: 7288: 7237: 7227: 7196: 7155: 7071: 6774: 6712: 6547: 6533: 6469: 6327: 6317: 6252: 6223: 6213: 6159: 6091: 6072: 6020: 5959: 5937: 5927: 5900: 5890: 5849: 5817: 5805: 5770: 5760: 5661: 5651: 5592: 5535: 5502: 5377: 5345: 5335: 5299: 5238: 4949: 4820: 4810: 4743: 4716: 4685: 4631:

Differences in national income equality around the world as measured by the national

4520: 4416: 4388: 4318: 3885: 3311: 3255:

which has more than 1.65 billion monthly active users as of 31 March 2016.

2715:

U.S. military presence around the world in 2007. As of 2015, the U.S. still had many

2686: 2674: 2588: 2208: 1969: 1961: 1956:

During the 19th century, globalization approached its form as a direct result of the

1793: 1789: 1450: 1073: 890: 834: 814: 772: 752: 582: 572: 502: 352: 297: 140: 14012: 12104: 12040: 11710: 11348:

Pavcnik, Nina; Pavcnik, Nina (September 2005). "Child Labor in the Global Economy".

11081: 9732: 9642: 9508: 9266: 8806:

Build Your Cultural Agility The Nine Competencies of Successful Global Professionals

7908: 7455: 6901: 6371: 6350:

O'Rourke, Kevin H.; Williamson, Jeffrey G. (2002). "When Did Globalization Begin?".

5871: 5547: 5311: 3263:

such as climate change precipitate the further establishment of global journalism."

1878:. The transfer of animal stocks, plant crops, and epidemic diseases associated with 1406: 854: 15403: 15383: 15298: 15223: 15052: 14923: 14822: 14198: 14098: 13628: 13618: 13444: 13392: 13296: 13160: 13049: 12999: 12977: 12972: 12903: 12794: 12769: 12764: 12670: 12560: 12522: 12517: 12476: 12466: 12456: 12416: 12234: 12219: 12090: 11696: 11407: 11367: 11104: 11069: 11020: 10934: 10486:

Hurst E. Charles. Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and consequences, 6th ed. p. 41

9930: 9899: 9825: 9496: 9440: 9188: 9178: 9137: 8933: 8846: 8490: 8479:"Faces of Globalization and the Borders of States: From Asylum Seekers to Citizens" 8198: 8111: 7888: 7714: 7667: 7443: 7380: 7145: 7135: 6889: 6816: 6762: 6525: 6359: 6147: 6136:"Faces of Globalization and the Borders of States: From Asylum Seekers to Citizens" 6060: 6041:"Arguing Globalizations: Propositions Towards an Investigation of Global Formation" 5841: 5797: 5527: 5436: 5369: 5291: 5234: 5196: 5163: 4894: 4836: 4632: 4627: 4511: 4507: 4447: 4243: 4163: 4144: 4143:, viewed globalization as inevitable and advocated creating institutions such as a 4133: 4129: 3914: 3736: 3715:

Globalization tends to bring people into contact with foreign people and cultures.

2764: 2678: 2627: 2576: 2428: 2257:, and was a major element in globalization. International standards are set by the 2250: 2047: 1899: 1879: 1871: 1658: 1600: 1558: 1473: 1469: 1362:

defines globalization with a more direct and historically contextualized emphasis:

1312: 1251:

the term in the meaning resembling the later, common usage was by French economist

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Hopkins, A.G., ed., 2003. Globalization in World History. New York City: Norton.

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countries bear much of the burden of adjusting to increased movement of capital.

4268: 4223: 4183: 4179: 4140: 4121: 4100:

Democratic globalization is a movement towards an institutional system of global

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dramatically reduced the costs of transportation, supported the post-war boom in

2163: 2090: 1940: 1678: 1612: 1383: 1341: 1308: 1304: 1264: 1260: 1235: 1208: 1133: 950: 946: 930: 910: 838: 826: 715: 687: 632: 592: 357: 307: 10372: 6407: 5043: 3925:

that do not accurately reflect the growing disparities in wealth. Additionally,

2630:, both in size and complexity. That system includes national governments, their 1709: 1286:, and predicted the universal character of the modern world society. He states: 84: 15388: 15253: 15228: 15099: 14945: 14884: 14739: 14643: 14168: 14032: 13952: 13907: 13847: 13812: 13604: 13517: 13422: 13330: 13121: 12955: 12878: 12507: 12451: 12431: 12269: 12224: 12179: 12174: 11599:

Donald Gibson. Environmentalism: Ideology and Power. Nova Science Pub Inc. 2003

11148: 9500: 9183: 8257:

Global Non-governmental Administrative System: Geosociology of the Third Sector

8115: 7671: 7447: 7174:

Czech foreign owned companies take second biggest dividend yield in 2017:report

5267: 5098: 4941: 4914: 4906: 4842: 4824: 4656:, desiring the creation of a society or institution based on the principles of 4653: 4551: 4546: 4524: 4375: 4366: 4248: 4004: 3869: 3682: 3260: 3016: 3012: 2966: 2748: 2562: 2554: 2482: 2315: 2307: 2212: 2111: 1887: 1805: 1797: 1682: 1665:

argues that a form of globalization began with the rise of trade links between

1604: 1576: 1569: 1511: 1477: 1375: 1371: 1307:

writes: "Globalization can thus be defined as the intensification of worldwide

1088:. Its origins can be traced back to 18th and 19th centuries due to advances in 1018: 934: 926: 922: 918: 870: 830: 417: 263: 192: 11073: 11024: 11013:

Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations

10938: 9829: 9444: 9142: 9125: 8937: 8850: 8823: 8790: 8179: 6964: 6521:

Trade and empire (Chapter 4) – The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe

6363: 6064: 5531: 5440: 4851: 2952: 2383:, a Colombian multilingual singer-songwriter, playing outside her home country 1886:

also played a central role in this process. European, Middle Eastern, Indian,

95: 15550: 15501: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15423: 15333: 15303: 15263: 15171: 14938: 14812: 14303: 14255: 14158: 13987: 13872: 13787: 13732: 13592: 13512: 13407: 13257: 13250: 13143: 13096: 12989: 12845: 12739: 12614: 12532: 12436: 12304: 12274: 11928: 11918:

Mir, Salam. "Colonialism, Postcolonialism, Globalization, and Arab Culture."

11454: 11371: 11259: 10946: 10529:. The World Federalist Movement – Institute for Global Policy. Archived from 10069: 9882: 9753: 9654: 9452: 8538: 8352: 8123: 8011: 7900: 7736: 7679: 7644: 7241: 7159: 7075: 6331: 6307: 6280: 6256: 6227: 5809: 5665: 5539: 5303: 5271: 5093: 4945: 4926: 4855: 4846: 4798: 4704: 4573: 4459: 4188: 4159: 4136: 3910: 3701: 3694: 3648: 3507: 2986: 2620: 2580: 2474: 2335: 2008: 1785: 1741:

was a significant factor in the development of civilizations from China, the

1580: 1501: 1481: 1395: 1296: 1239: 1181: 1145: 1080:

first appeared in the early 20th century (supplanting an earlier French term

1076:

and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. The term

906: 894: 878: 874: 800: 312: 144: 107:: showing early migration patterns of humans across the globe as part of the 12814: 11943: 11170: 10796:

Morris, Douglas "Globalization and Media Democracy: The Case of Indymedia",

10036: 9706: 8199:

George Modelski; Tessaleno Devezas; William R. Thompson (20 December 2007).

6893: 5941: 5904: 5863: 5774: 5734:. Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Decembre. 5576: 5349: 4881:

shows carbon footprint (CF) hotspots of foreign final consumption in China.

4434: 3589:

Measurements of economic globalization typically focus on variables such as

1096:. This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international 55: 15481: 15408: 15378: 15323: 15233: 15005: 14503: 14298: 14022: 13822: 13727: 13573: 13547: 13456: 13138: 13126: 13074: 13034: 13029: 12893: 12888: 12685: 12639: 12619: 12550: 12411: 12359: 12194: 12079: 11514:

The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United Nations.

11437:

Gender, development, and globalization: economics as if all people mattered

10643:. Vol. IX (1). Ottawa: Association for Bahá'í Studies. pp. 51–63. 10500: 9934: 7876: 7555:

Inda, Jonathan; Rosaldo, Renato (2002). "Introduction: A World in Motion".

7178: 6934: 6709:

Gender, Development, and Globalization: Economics as if all people mattered

5954:

Held, David; Goldblatt, David; McGrew, Anthony; Perraton, Jonathan (1999).

5845: 5185: 5049: 4910: 4751: 4455: 4264: 4192: 4125: 3947: 3935: 3931: 3752: 3333: 2775: 2752: 2651: 2518: 2481:

from more than 200 nations participating in a variety of competitions. The

2443: 2432: 2288: 2079: 2065: 2035: 1980:. Globalization in this period was decisively shaped by nineteenth-century 1946:

Innovations in transportation technology reduced trade costs substantially.

1855: 1801: 1781: 1763: 1651: 1584: 1565: 1493: 1462: 1454: 898: 850: 128: 11830:

Theorizing Globalization: A Critique of the Mediatization of Social Theory

11657:(Sierra Club Books paperback ed.). San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. 11558: 10771: 10703:

Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices, Volume 1.

7781:"2006 FIFA World Cup broadcast wider, longer and farther than ever before" 7608:

Macaulay's (Cyber) Children: The Cultural Politics of Outsourcing in India

7395: 5363: 3977: 1255:

in his essays from the early 1960s (in his French works he used the term "

15491: 15373: 15328: 15318: 15268: 15258: 15208: 15015: 14148: 13962: 13710: 13705: 13697: 13682: 13507: 13412: 13223: 13059: 13024: 13004: 12984: 12962: 12927: 12804: 12589: 12512: 12502: 12329: 12279: 12229: 11877:

The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected the World―and Globalization Began

11193:

Education and Social Justice By J. Zajda, S. Majhanovich, V. Rust, 2006,

10088:

Introduction to International Development: Approaches, Actors, and Issues

9193: 8146:

Multiculturalism or Transculturalism: Towards a Cosmopolitan Citizenship.

7124:"How Far Goods Travel: Global Transport and Supply Chains from 1965–2020" 6113:"Levels of Subjective Globalization: Ideologies, Imaginaries, Ontologies" 5801: 5083: 5078: 4930: 4770: 4755: 4561: 4528: 4516: 4196: 4009: 3970: 3690: 3547: 3497: 3385: 3221: 3064: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2982: 2924: 2779: 2744: 2587:". Children brought up in transcultural backgrounds are sometimes called 2502: 2419: 2303: 1981: 1638: 1588: 1497: 1458: 1439: 1435: 1426: 1422: 1178: 1173: 1149: 914: 886: 858: 742: 697: 427: 402: 64: 11869:

ReOrienting the 19th Century: Global Economy in the Continuing Asian Age

11679: 9460: 8898: 7150: 6828: 6788:

Rai. "The History of International Development: Concepts and Contexts".

6188:

Democracy & Nature: The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy

5831:

Karl Marx; Friedrich Engels (2017). "Manifesto of the Communist Party".

5365:

Read "Following the Money: U.S. Finance in the World Economy" at NAP.edu

1553: 1430:

today, the most embodied forms of globalization such as the movement of

1425:

agents. Object-extended globalization, a third form, is the movement of

1282:

noticed the increasing level of national inter-dependence brought on by

15433: 15428: 15293: 15218: 15077: 14995: 14975: 14282: 14278: 14260: 14235: 14123: 13493: 13481: 13451: 13417: 13357: 13039: 12624: 12599: 12537: 12324: 12145: 12056:

Comprehensive discussion of the term at the Site Global Transformations

10954: 10368: 10307: 9776: 8515:

Boustan, Adain May. "Fertility and Immigration." UCLA. 15 January 2009.

7140: 7123: 6247: 5088: 4859: 4661: 4644: 4479: 4463: 4370: 4109: 4059: 3720: 3716: 3652: 3640: 2973: 2843: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2767:

estimates total private philanthropic flows to developing countries at

2465:

McDonald's is commonly seen as a symbol of globalization, often called

2439: 2284: 2280: 2043: 1919: 1730: 1686: 1485: 1391: 1327: 1283: 1216: 1204: 1129: 447: 367: 292: 14043: 12065:

Globalization Website (Emory University) Links, Debates, Glossary etc.

8450:

War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting

8384:. London: Commonwealth Secretariat. pp. 137, 147, 148, 150, 152. 6631:"How the invention of a box changed our world – Business – smh.com.au" 4905:. Environmentalist concerns with globalization include issues such as 4062:

theorists claim that unrestricted free trade benefits those with more

3755:

and hinted that the Catholic Church will embrace globalization at the

2583:" or "involving, encompassing, or combining elements of more than one 2473:

Globalization has strongly influenced sports. For example, the modern

1893: 1874:

made it possible for Europe to take advantage of resources within the

15104: 14928: 14827: 14230: 14163: 13927: 13764: 13499: 13461: 13054: 12868: 12799: 12729: 12699: 12629: 12374: 12319: 12294: 12259: 11411: 10863:"The Anti-Globalization Movement Defined Share The World's Resources" 10801: 10719:"International cooperation as a stepping-stone to a world government" 7543: 7470:"Outsourcing to Africa: The world economy calls | The Economist" 7098:"Is Globalization in Decline? A New Number Contradicts the Consensus" 6820: 5113: 4961: 4863: 4681: 4569: 4295: 4291: 4272: 4227: 4101: 4070: 3865: 3698: 3557: 3487: 3405: 2521:

has spread from the Americas to cuisines around the world, including

2507: 2455: 2348:

Global trade in services is also significant. For example, in India,

2306:. Arguably, the most significant free-trade area in the world is the 2184: 1995:

After World War II, work by politicians led to the agreements of the

1758: 1738: 1722: 1714: 1702: 1616: 1279: 1168: 1160: 1137: 1125: 1102: 1089: 866: 822: 209: 42: 9083: 5606: 5604: 4664:, the values of human rights, and the dignity of every human being. 2818: 1952:

A gradual move towards greater liberalization in European countries.

1472:

defined "economic globalization" as the opening and deregulation of

14357: 13917: 13613: 13434: 13262: 13177: 13116: 13079: 11740:"Farmers, environmentalists slam 'sell-out' EU-Mercosur trade deal" 10391: 9691:. Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange. pp. 76–102. 9343: 8478: 8077:

Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture

7892: 7515: 6135: 6112: 6040: 4554: 4350: 4287: 4231: 4204: 4200: 3435: 3297: 3290: 3248: 3088: 3075: 2541: 2522: 2478: 2451: 2410: 2103: 2031: 1859: 1754: 1647: 1418: 1212: 1141: 1136:, and developments in telecommunication infrastructure such as the 11974:

Van Der Bly, Martha C.E. "Globalization: A Triumph of Ambiguity,"

8227:"These are all the countries where the US has a military presence" 5373: 4750:

Critics of globalization argue that globalization results in weak

3965:

per head rose at 5.9% a year from 1975 to 2001 (according to 2003

1489: 1013: 14311: 13832: 13687: 13599: 12680: 12542: 11796:"We must not barter the Amazon rainforest for burgers and steaks" 11766:"EU urged to halt trade talks with S. America over Brazil abuses" 10826:

Networking Futures: The Movements against Corporate Globalization

10579:"Global Parliament | World Citizens Association (Australia)" 9921:

Whaples, Robert (2006). "Do Economists Agree on Anything? Yes!".

9553:"Widespread Unease about Economy and Globalization – Global poll" 7212:

Riley, T: "Year 12 Economics", p. 9. Tim Riley Publications, 2005

7018:

Faiola, Anthony. (2009). "A Global Retreat As Economies Dry Up."

5601: 4938: 4597: 4533: 4439: 4283: 3993:

Certain demographic changes in the developing world after active

3906: 3724: 3672: 3567: 3527: 3517: 3455: 3445: 3415: 3395: 3375: 3365: 2957: 2584: 2380: 2376: 1726: 1643: 1620: 1431: 253: 164: 152: 14682: 9237:"Definition of xenophobia in English from the Oxford dictionary" 8526: 4462:

without regard to ethical standards. Common targets include the

4226:

is the proposal that all human ethnic groups belong to a single

2965:

the 18th and early 20th century. For example, travel across the

1976:

occurred some time between 1820 and 1850. More nations embraced

1195:(IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and 15530: 14153: 13852: 12334: 10638: 9126:"How to Measure Globalization? A New Globalization Index (NGI)" 6345: 6343: 6341: 5029: 4759: 4585: 4175: 4031: 3953:

There has been a rapid economic growth in Asia after embracing

3606: 3577: 3537: 3425: 3039: 2549: 2323: 2292: 2224: 2220: 1867: 1750: 1746: 1624: 1398:, claims, beliefs, and narratives about the phenomenon itself. 184: 180: 168: 116: 7354:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 453. 6172:

Friedman, Thomas L. "The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention".

3030: 2727:

influence public policy across national boundaries, including

2626:

Political globalization refers to the growth of the worldwide

13817: 13807: 13802: 13274: 13269: 12114: 10052:

Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives

8353:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2 July 2008).

8202:

Globalization as Evolutionary Process: Modeling Global Change

5706:"Weighing the Pros and Cons of Globalization | Wilson Center" 4867: 4589: 3590: 3307: 2923:

Another example of outsourcing in manufacturing includes the

2802: 2774:

As a response to globalization, some countries have embraced

2534: 2530: 2526: 2447: 2415: 2296: 2261:, which is composed of representatives from various national 2132: 2095: 1825: 1666: 1632: 1628: 1242:, environmental consequences, and other potential drawbacks. 1097: 120: 11559:

Ronald Bailey from the February 2002 issue (February 2002).

11439:. Berik, Günseli, Floro, Maria (Second ed.). New York. 10885:"The treachery of the lites Elite sense of irresponsibility" 10325:

and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace

9402:"Pope: isolationism and populism lead to war – Vatican News" 7062:"Sputtering Trade Fuels Fears of a Fractured Global Economy" 7043:"Globalization is coming undone, and that's a huge red flag" 6338: 5427:

Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society".

4454:

Those opposed to capital market integration on the basis of

30:"Globalize" redirects here. For the JavaScript library, see 13947: 11484:"Globalization's True Believers Are Having Second Thoughts" 10586: 10086:

Beaudet, Pierre; Schafer, Jessica; Haslam, Paul A. (2012).

7224:

International business: competing in the global marketplace

7191: 7189: 6176:

Ed. Barclay Barrios. Boston: Bedford, St. Martins, 2008. 49

6110: 4729:

Global share of wealth by wealth group, Credit Suisse, 2017

4600:

and discontent. One variation on this topic is activism by

4423: 4302:'s Partnership for Peace, the Russia NATO Council, and the 4299: 4150:

to exercise oversight over unelected international bodies.

3902: 3873: 3685:

of long-term and continuous economic expansion, the social

2768: 2127:, which was associated with lower growth (in areas such as 188: 11960:

Rosenberg, Justin. "Globalization Theory: A Post Mortem,"

11153:

A Movement of Movements: Is Another World Really Possible?

8960:"The Coronavirus Could Finally Kill the Wild Animal Trade" 8330:. Northkoreanrefugees.com. 20 October 2008. Archived from 7544:

Globalization and Culture: Vol. 4, Ideologies of Globalism

7377:"The EU Single Market: Fewer barriers, more opportunities" 6707:

Lourdes, Benería; Gunseli, Berik; Maria S., Floro (2016).

6414:. Vienna: International Progress Organization. p. 35. 5732:"Globalization and Mondialisation – A Conceptual Analysis" 5680:"6 Pros and Cons of Globalization in Business to Consider" 5404:. Elon University School of Communications. Archived from 5014:

campaigners. The fear is that the deal could lead to more

3849:. Much of this criticism comes from the middle class; the 2071: 1808:. In the 17th century, world trade developed further when 1681:, when commercialized urban centers enveloped the axis of 11939: 10978:"How Tariffs and Regressive Trade Policies Hurt the Poor" 10482: 10480: 10054:(3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. p. 2. 7046: 6963:. Miniwatts Marketing Group. 30 June 2012. Archived from 5987: 5830: 4581: 4199:. An early incarnation of this sentiment can be found in 3962: 3918: 2353: 1999:, in which major governments laid down the framework for 1964:

allowed standardized production of household items using

1674: 1579:

have adapted and implemented learned principles from the

27:

Spread of world views, products, ideas, capital and labor

10713: 10711: 9082:. The KOF Swiss Economic Institute. 2014. Archived from 8865: 7186: 4501: 4415:

One of the most infamous tactics of the movement is the

13932: 11677: 9358: 8873:"Measuring digital development: Facts and figures 2023" 7733:"Globalization and Sport: A Review by Susan Froetschel" 7419: 7417: 5272:"A Genealogy of globalization: The career of a concept" 4519:

ideology, which privileges the rights of corporations (

4303: 2327: 2152:

economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

1163:, others trace its history to long before the European 10524:"The Case for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly" 10477: 7368: 7346: 6706: 6349: 4472:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

4384:

The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy

11146: 10708: 9808: 8924:

Berglez, Peter (2008). "What is Global Journalism?".

8302:

The Index of Global Philanthropy and Remittances 2012

7703:"Globalization and the Religious Production of Space" 4974:, criticizes globalization in many ways. In her book 3969:

of UNDP). Like this, the British economic journalist

3025:

freedom of movement for workers in the European Union

2654:

and the rise of other actors on the political scene.

2356:

growth, employment growth, and poverty alleviation".

2336:

free movement of people, goods, services, and capital

2003:, commerce, and finance, and the founding of several 10247: 10085: 8990:"Coronavirus: Which countries have confirmed cases?" 8192: 8041:"International Flows of Selected Goods and Services" 7423: 7414: 6663:"World Exports as Percentage of Gross World Product" 6017:

The Race to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization

5223:

Scholte, Jan Aart (2008). "Defining Globalisation".

5025: 4572:. Social activists hold materialism is connected to 4086:), which lowers the market price for foreign crops. 3046:

Globalization is associated with a dramatic rise in

3042:

in 2015 had at least one parent who was born abroad.

2759:

and new associations of philanthropists such as the

2755:, giving rise to business organizations such as the 2700:

Some people are citizens of multiple nation-states.

1685:

culture that reached from India to Spain, including

1349:

The Race to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization

14431:

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

10006: 9687:. In Morrison, Charles E.; Soesastro, Hadi (eds.). 8527:"Flugzeugparkplatz im Outback: Schlaf in der Wüste" 8423:

Globalization & New Geographies of Conservation

7997:. worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from 7396:"Activities of the European Union: Internal Market" 7280: 6212:(4th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 4797:In 2016, a study published by the IMF posited that 4361:. The movement is also commonly referred to as the 4124:, Director of the United States Association of the 2007:intended to facilitate economic growth by lowering 11911:(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2019) pp. 121–145 11288: 11203: 11187: 10014: 9731: 9609: 8891: 8379: 7850:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 144–. 7122:Ganapati, Sharat; Wong, Woan Foong (August 2023). 6748: 5919: 3003:in order to settle or reside there, especially as 2106:, but picked up again in the 1980s and 1990s. The 1607:pulled ahead of the rest of the world in terms of 1116:, data, technology, and the economic resources of 14452:Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa 10804:2003. Courtesy link to (pre-publication version) 10748:. Vol. 430, no. 9127. 26 January 2019. 9809:Fuller, Dan; Geide-Stevenson, Doris (Fall 2003). 8839:Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 8012:"Chili: Small Fruit Sets Global Palettes on Fire" 7789:Fédération Internationale de Football Association 6117:Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 6090:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 11. 5637: 5635: 5633: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 2207:Dividends worth CZK 289 billion were paid to the 1835:Lisbon in the 1570s had many Africans due to the 15548: 14400:Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia 14384:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 11094: 10361: 8769:The Cambridge handbook of intercultural training 8304:. Hudson Institute Center for Global Prosperity" 8073:"Why do we need religion in a globalized world?" 7570:Cowen, Tyler; Barber, Benjamin (May–June 2003). 6984: 6982: 4668:within and between nations, including a growing 4611: 3957:-based economic policies that encourage private 3038:opening ceremony. About 69% of children born in 1866:, and demand for commodities, most particularly 1677:. This archaic globalization existed during the 12300:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 12110:List of Global Development Indexes and Rankings 11341: 11049: 11006: 8509: 8413: 8355:"UNHCR Freedom in the World 2008 – North Korea" 7374: 7060:Walker, Marcus; Hayashi, Yuka (9 August 2023). 6316:. Malden: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 16–. 5922:Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture 5644:"Studying Globalization: Methodological Issues" 5018:as it expands market access to Brazilian beef. 2199:U.S. Trade Balance and Trade Policy (1895–2015) 1820:(founded in 1602, often described as the first 1557:The 13th century world-system, as described by 1347:Swedish journalist Thomas Larsson, in his book 11347: 11227:"Legal Birth Definition Act – Act 135 of 2004" 10280:Pyun, Ju Hyun; Lee, Jong-Wha (21 March 2009). 10116:Globalization, ethnic conflict and nationalism 9760: 9114:. Data for the year 2006. No longer published. 8021:, History of Globalization, YaleGlobal Online. 7040: 6933:. Treese.org. 11 November 1995. Archived from 6805:"Will the nation-state survive globalization?" 6446:. Yale Global. 25 January 2013. Archived from 5650:. Malden: John Wiley & Sons. p. 146. 5630: 5614:. International Monetary Fund. 12 April 2000. 5245: 4830: 4330: 3639:, which would form one of the world's largest 2638:as well as government-independent elements of 2418:is available in Germany as well as Japan, but 2259:International Organization for Standardization 1943:brought in an era of relative peace in Europe. 1914:During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the 14698: 14059: 12844: 12830: 12130: 12061:12 October 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive 11867:Gunder Frank, Andre, and Robert A. Denemark. 11842:Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. "Globalization." in 11671: 11650: 11257: 11151:; Cassen, Bernard; et al., eds. (2004). 9738:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. 9679: 9482: 9480: 9478: 8440: 7059: 6979: 4972:International Society for Ecology and Culture 2115:doubled. Most migration occurred between the 1038: 11384: 10856: 10854: 10828:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 2. 10175:Berg, Andrew G.; Ostry, Jonathan D. (2011). 10168: 10049: 9725: 9723: 9643:"The Declining Value Of Your College Degree" 8766: 7847:The Comprehensive Guide to Careers in Sports 7773: 7707:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 7121: 6865: 6863: 6606:. Princeton University Press. Archived from 6208:Lechner, Frank J.; Boli, John, eds. (2012). 6034: 6032: 5560:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5004:European Union–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement 4970:, the director and founder of Local Futures/ 4781:Women often participate in the workforce in 4369:globalization movement, or movement against 4255: 4066:(i.e. the rich) at the expense of the poor. 3985:in both developed and developing countries, 3637:European Union–Mercosur free trade agreement 3266: 2644:international non-governmental organizations 2295: – and to increase trade of 1504:globalization", and "social globalization". 1112:Economically, globalization involves goods, 14379:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 12105:Mapping Globalization, Princeton University 11585:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10561:Global Economy and Development at Brookings 10209: 9218: 9216: 9159:"Energy: The missing link in globalization" 8773:Cambridge University Press & Assessment 8771:(4th ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: 8742:Most London babies have foreign-born parent 8409:. New York: Routledge. pp. 73, 82, 83. 7807: 7569: 7554: 6690: 6688: 6591: 6589: 6207: 5262: 4178:can be understood, in a global sense, as a 3981:Of the factors influencing the duration of 3469:2006 A.T. Kearney / Foreign Policy Magazine 2786: 2154:included a blockade of Ukrainian ports and 14705: 14691: 14066: 14052: 12837: 12823: 12137: 12123: 12083: 11467:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10499:. USACOR.org. 28 July 2009. Archived from 9486: 9475: 9431:Guttal, Shalmali (2007). "Globalisation". 8682:. London, England: Refugee Council. 2016. 8552: 8426:. University of Chicago Press. p. 1. 6300: 5501:Berkeley: University of California Press. 5499:ReOrient: Global economy in the Asian age. 5420: 5327: 5134:List of multilateral free-trade agreements 3306:, abbreviated COVID-19, first appeared in 3082: 2747:) and the Echoing Green have combined the 2594: 1340:most widely-cited definition" in the 2014 1045: 1031: 216: 12070:BBC News Special Report – "Globalisation" 11955:Globalization and culture: Global mélange 11700: 11401: 11361: 11282: 11123:"GINI index (World Bank estimate) | Data" 11063: 10851: 10601: 10203: 10174: 9720: 9680:Heizo, Takenaka; Ryokichi, Chida (1998). 9310:"Poverty Analysis – Measuring Inequality" 9297:Dictionary of race, ethnicity and culture 9192: 9182: 9141: 9123: 8803: 8767:Landis, Dan; Bhawuk, Dharm P. S. (2020). 8630:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 8404: 7700: 7437: 7149: 7139: 6883: 6860: 6029: 5917: 5577:The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. 5493: 5491: 5469:(3). International Monetary Fund: 22–25. 4804: 4078:. Larger countries often subsidize their 3751:On 9 August 2019, Pope Francis denounced 2903:Learn how and when to remove this message 2573:of the impact of cultural globalization. 2365: 2169: 14462:West African Economic and Monetary Union 11969:Globalization: A Very Short Introduction 11837:Globalization Redux: New Name, Same Game 11678:Levinson, Arik; M. Scott Taylor (2008). 11629:Lechner, Frank J., and John Boli. 2012. 11481: 11309: 10241: 10090:. Oxford University Press. p. 112. 10050:Peet, Richard; Hartwick, Elaine (2015). 9872: 9729: 9213: 9156: 8875:. Telecommunication Development Bureau, 8830: 8600:"Visa Openness Report 2015 January 2016" 8446: 8419: 8249: 7837: 7281:Pitelis, Christos; Roger Sugden (2000). 7226:(10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 6685: 6586: 6313:The Blackwell Companion to Globalization 6088:Globalization: A Very Short Introduction 5781: 5648:The Blackwell Companion to Globalization 5390: 5328:Albrow, Martin; King, Elizabeth (1990). 5323: 5321: 4873: 4850: 4764: 4724: 4694: 4626: 4604:, with the strategic emphasis on moving 4433: 4424:Opposition to capital market integration 4340: 4259: 4025: 3976: 3860: 3630: 3620: 3220: 3029: 3011:citizens, or to take-up employment as a 2951: 2790: 2710: 2610: 2512: 2460: 2375: 2202: 2194: 2179: 2144:economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic 2089: 2070: 2025:United States–Korea Free Trade Agreement 1909: 1892: 1830: 1708: 1696: 1637: 1552: 1186:The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo 14073: 11971:(4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2017) 11900:Lechner, Frank J., and John Boli, eds. 11434: 11260:"How much do you know about the world?" 10922: 10721:. Global Policy Journal. Archived from 10610:"A Global Civics: Necessary? Feasible?" 10607: 10554: 10397: 10279: 9920: 9811:"Consensus Among Economists: Revisited" 9299:. SAGE Publications Ltd., 2003. p. 332. 8923: 8836: 7874: 7813: 7701:McAlister, Elizabeth (September 2005). 7657: 7426:Industrial & Labor Relations Review 7274: 6749:Lourdes, Benería; Deere, Carmen Diana; 6628: 6406: 6391: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6240: 5889:. Cambridge: Polity Press. p. 64. 5884: 5748: 5729: 5641: 5612:"Globalization: Threat or Opportunity?" 5222: 5124:List of bilateral free-trade agreements 4794:assessing the impact of globalization. 1263:), also translated as mundialization). 157:largest company in the world by revenue 14: 15549: 14374:Association of Southeast Asian Nations 14194:UN Conference on Trade and Development 11874: 11835:Conner, Tom, and Ikuko Torimoto, eds. 11680:"Unmasking the Pollution Haven Effect" 11289:Stiglits Joseph E. (13 October 2013). 10860: 10817: 10782:, speech at the party for 50 years of 10435:from the original on 18 September 2008 10329:The Economic Consequences of the Peace 9955: 9847:from the original on 20 September 2004 9789: 9589:"Globalization: Europe's Wary Embrace" 9545: 9430: 8686:from the original on 16 September 2015 8380:Kabeer, Nalia; Simeen; Mahmud (2004). 8346: 8156: 8154: 7626: 6835:from the original on 11 September 2017 6306: 6111:Manfred B. Steger; Paul James (2013). 6085: 6019:Washington, DC: Cato Institute. p. 9. 5975: 5973: 5971: 5787: 5738:. Economic Sciences Series (2): 27–30. 5488: 5476:from the original on 22 September 2018 5426: 5170:The No-Nonsense Guide to Globalization 5016:deforestation of the Amazon rainforest 4862:Highland Plateau has led to extensive 4496:General Agreement on Trade in Services 2098:is the world's second-largest economy. 2034:has become increasingly affordable to 2013:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1245: 151:: a branch of the American superstore 14686: 14139:Import substitution industrialization 14047: 12818: 12118: 12096:Analysis of the idea and its history. 11654:Ancient futures: learning from Ladakh 11536:. Formal.stanford.edu. Archived from 11329:from the original on 10 February 2015 11297:from the original on 25 November 2018 10823: 10548: 10367: 10343:"WTO blamed for India grain suicides" 10012: 9689:Domestic Adjustments to Globalization 9661:from the original on 29 February 2020 9364: 9289: 9267:"Define Xenophobia at Dictionary.com" 9224:Collective choice and social welfare. 9026:from the original on 5 September 2019 8905:from the original on 15 November 2015 8877:International Telecommunication Union 8672: 8473: 8101: 7513: 7000:from the original on 2 September 2017 6949: 6917:The World Transformed 1945 to present 6869: 6731: 6702: 6700: 6643:from the original on 14 November 2015 6273: 6263:from the original on 29 October 2014. 6133: 6038: 5981:"DHL Global Connectedness Index 2014" 5318: 5191:United Nations Millennium Declaration 5129:List of globalization-related indices 4901:and improvement of the health of the 4502:Anti-corporatism and anti-consumerism 4317:(CFC) emissions, as specified in the 4148:United Nations Parliamentary Assembly 4128:, advocates unifying nations under a 4069:Globalization allows corporations to 3942:and its importance in today's world. 3324:List of globalization-related indices 2947: 2283:whose member countries have signed a 1390:: economic, political, cultural, and 1234:Proponents of globalization point to 15068:New international division of labour 14667: 14393:Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia 11839:(University Press of America, 2004). 11390:Journal of International Development 10288:from the original on 25 October 2014 10260:from the original on 11 January 2012 9766: 9622:from the original on 23 October 2019 9371:. New York, New York: Random House. 9201:from the original on 5 February 2018 9163:Energy Research & Social Science 8320: 7843: 7494: 7335:Transportation Practitioners Journal 7284:The nature of the transnational firm 7221: 6914: 6802: 6790:Women, Gender and Development Reader 6595: 6378: 5517: 5453: 5331:Globalization, Knowledge and Society 5144:Neorealism (international relations) 4769:Immigrant rights march for amnesty, 4710: 4492:Multilateral Agreement on Investment 3884:Quoting Harvard economics professor 3766: 2841:adding citations to reliable sources 2812: 2148:2021–2022 global supply chain crisis 14353:Central American Integration System 12093:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 11806:from the original on 24 August 2019 11776:from the original on 25 August 2019 11746:from the original on 25 August 2019 11317:"Outlook on the Global Agenda 2014" 10895:from the original on 27 August 2017 10665:from the original on 2 January 2016 10340: 9607: 9277:from the original on 1 January 2011 8524: 8398: 8373: 8274:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 8173: 8151: 8138: 7553:, Sage Publications, London, 2010. 7379:. Europa web portal. Archived from 7095: 6711:. New York: Routledge. p. 95. 6352:European Review of Economic History 5968: 5926:(Reprint. ed.). London: Sage. 5618:from the original on 18 August 2017 5520:European Review of Economic History 5402:History of Information Technologies 4484:North American Free Trade Agreement 4365:movement, anti-globalist movement, 4089: 3689:caused by these processes, and the 3229:: Computers per 100 people per 2006 2931: 2717:bases and troops stationed globally 24: 11844:Handbook of Political Anthropology 11822: 11007:Ottaway, Marina (September 2001). 10988:from the original on 30 March 2019 10407:. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. 10404:Confessions of an Economic Hit Man 10377:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 10156:from the original on 18 April 2013 9716:from the original on 6 April 2011. 9640: 9412:from the original on 9 August 2019 9342:. Neweconomics.org. Archived from 9000:from the original on 31 March 2020 8970:from the original on 17 March 2020 8899:"Company Info – Facebook Newsroom" 8660:from the original on 28 March 2014 8237:from the original on 2 August 2019 7945:from the original on 29 April 2012 7761:from the original on 30 April 2015 7743: 7524:from the original on 29 April 2020 6697: 6241:Henwood, Doug (13 November 2003). 4404:D.A. Snow et al. contend that the 4397:(1929) by the Spanish philosopher 4012:. Thus, despite seemingly unequal 3876:summit in Santiago de Chile, 2004. 3328:One index of globalization is the 3067:and visa policies and procedures. 2454:, and more recently sects such as 2094:With a population of 1.4 billion, 25: 15603: 14712: 14216:International Chamber of Commerce 14119:Export-oriented industrialization 14028:Western European and Others Group 12077:collected news and commentary at 11989: 11957:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2019). 11567:from the original on 10 July 2012 11494:from the original on 17 June 2016 11417:Pdf version – via the World Bank. 11270:from the original on 14 July 2014 10975: 10521: 9904:10.1038/scientificamerican1193-42 9611:"Why Denmark Loves Globalization" 9529:. 7 November 2006. Archived from 9320:from the original on 22 June 2013 9056:from the original on 2 April 2020 8573:(1). January 2013. Archived from 7791:. 6 February 2007. Archived from 7557:The Anthropology of Globalization 7517:Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism 7402:from the original on 25 June 2007 6554:from the original on 3 March 2018 6489:London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press. 4983:A related area of concern is the 4616: 4560:A related contemporary ideology, 3762: 3021:International Labour Organization 2737:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2156:international sanctions on Russia 1931:According to economic historians 1603:in the nineteenth century, where 1413:to describe the extension of the 1386:, identifies four main empirical 15529: 15519: 15518: 14729: 14666: 14657: 14656: 11996: 11904:(4th ed. 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Archived from 5948: 5911: 5878: 5824: 5742: 5723: 5698: 5672: 5568: 5454:Wolf, Martin (September 2014). 4817:World Federalist Movement (WFM) 4521:artificial or juridical persons 4488:Free Trade Area of the Americas 4046:of that era, such as the young 3283:Wildlife smuggling and zoonoses 2828:needs additional citations for 2636:intergovernmental organizations 2078:, the world's first commercial 1828:was offered) were established. 1769: 1530:Timeline of international trade 1528:For a chronological guide, see 1342:DHL Global Connectiveness Index 1155:Though many scholars place the 1109:, and of modern globalization. 598:Peace, war, and social conflict 14457:Southern African Customs Union 12144: 11895:Globalization in World History 11651:Norberg-Hodge, Helena (1992). 11482:Foroohar, Rana (3 June 2016). 10772:Enlightenment past and to come 10282:"Globalisation promotes peace" 9956:Mankiw, Gregory (7 May 2006). 9226:San Francisco, CA: Holden-Day. 7350:; Sheffrin, Steven M. 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Canada: Vintage. p. 68. 6629:Gittins, Ross (12 June 2006). 6394:The Sociology of Globalization 5752:Globalization in World History 5511: 5447: 5356: 5216: 4866:and unstable flows of western 4674:non-governmental organizations 4106:non-governmental organizations 3712:that underlie such processes. 3317: 2976:, low-cost airlines, and more 2917:garment industry in Bangladesh 2725:non-governmental organizations 2322:that are primarily located in 2299:and services with each other. 36:Globalization (disambiguation) 32:Globalize (JavaScript library) 13: 1: 12666:Critique of political economy 12100:OECD Globalization statistics 11978:53:6 (November 2005), 875–893 11944:Institute of European History 11940:EGO – European History Online 11909:Science, Numbers and Politics 11688:International Economic Review 11610:Global Ethics and Environment 11534:"Ideology and Sustainability" 11109:10.1016/j.futures.2013.07.001 10641:The Journal of Bahá'í Studies 10431:. Forumsocialmundial.org.br. 10341:Lee, Laurence (17 May 2007). 10331:, Macmillan, 1919, chapter 2. 8567:UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 7520:. London: Sage Publications. 6485:Chaudhuri, K.N. (1965\1999). 6444:"The Legacy of the Silk Road" 6274:Clark, Ross (20 March 2004). 5887:The Consequences of Modernity 5755:. New York: Norton. pp. 5497:Frank, Andre Gunder. (1998). 5209: 5139:Middle East and globalization 4612:Global justice and inequality 4118:global political institutions 2648:social movement organizations 2442:, imperialists, and traders. 2403:is a related field of study. 2279:is the region encompassing a 2140:China–United States trade war 2001:international monetary policy 1351:, states that globalization: 1301:The Consequences of Modernity 1259:" (literarly worldization in 14614:Telecommunications equipment 14419:Middle East and North Africa 14410:European Union Customs Union 12250:History of capitalist theory 12046:Resources in other libraries 11946:, retrieved: 25 March 2021 ( 11871:(Paradigm Publishers, 2013). 10608:Altinay, Hakan (June 2010). 10557:"The Case for Global Civics" 10250:"Trade, Growth, and Poverty" 10248:Dollar, David; Kraay, Aart. 9489:American Sociological Review 9076:"KOF Index of Globalization" 8495:10.1080/13621025.2014.886440 7881:Comparative Education Review 7337:59, 2 (Winter 1992): 144–51. 7309:"Multinational Corporations" 6872:World Bank Research Observer 6767:10.1080/13545701.2012.688998 6530:10.1017/CBO9780511794834.006 6152:10.1080/13621025.2014.886440 5296:10.1080/14747731.2014.951186 4174:Global civics suggests that 3856: 3050:. The development of global 2691:public administration theory 2397:Cross-cultural communication 2350:business process outsourcing 2338:within the internal market, 1903:, the revolutionary ship of 1105:are also large parts of the 7: 14786:Environmental globalization 14761:Anti-globalization movement 14343:Andean Community of Nations 14221:Bilateral investment treaty 14189:International Monetary Fund 11633:, 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 10798:Shaping the Network Society 10021:. New York: Penguin Press. 9794:. Brookings. Archived from 9734:In Defense of Globalization 8405:Wright W., Melissa (2007). 8357:. Unhcr.org. Archived from 8328:"North Korean Refugees NGO" 7751:"Overview of Olympic Games" 7572:"Globalization and Culture" 7222:Hill, Charles W.L. (2014). 5646:. In Ritzer, George (ed.). 5642:Babones, Salvatore (2008). 5021: 4831:Environmentalist opposition 4574:global retail merchandizing 4468:International Monetary Fund 4406:anti-globalization movement 4337:Anti-globalization movement 4331:Anti-globalization movement 4298:) and the establishment of 3913:; and geographic barriers. 3757:October 2019 Amazonia Synod 3627:Criticisms of globalization 3287:Emerging infectious disease 2938:environmental globalization 2778:policies. For example, the 2617:United Nations headquarters 2401:Intercultural communication 1847:which preluded the rise of 1537:distal and proximate causes 1388:dimensions of globalization 1378:and research leader in the 1193:International Monetary Fund 115:: the Namban ship carrying 10: 15608: 14934:Offshore financial centres 14209:International Trade Centre 11985:15:2 (June 2000), 251–267. 11742:. France24. 29 June 2019. 11516:New York: Harper Collins. 10926:International Organization 10861:Engler, M. (30 May 2007). 10824:Juris, Jeffrey S. (2008). 10114:Conversi, Daniele (2009) ' 9984:"Poll Results | IGM Forum" 9818:Journal of Economic Review 9730:Bhagwati, Jagdish (2004). 9501:10.1177/000312240507000103 9184:10.1016/j.erss.2016.01.009 8453:. Routledge. p. 157. 8420:Zimmerer, Karl S. (2006). 8116:10.1177/0169796X1102700203 7672:10.2753/CSH0009-4633430101 7660:Chinese Studies in History 7448:10.1177/001979390806200103 7287:. Routledge. p. H72. 6857:NY: John Wiley & Sons. 5918:Robertson, Roland (1992). 5589:Princeton University Press 4985:pollution haven hypothesis 4840: 4834: 4808: 4787:export-oriented employment 4714: 4620: 4537:, for example) and films ( 4505: 4427: 4334: 4167: 4157: 4093: 4084:Common Agricultural Policy 3847:multinational corporations 3624: 3330:KOF Index of Globalization 3321: 3276: 3270: 3086: 2991:World Tourism Organization 2604: 2598: 2369: 2187:is the top country in the 2173: 2082:, entered service in 1949. 2005:international institutions 1845:Magellan-Elcano expedition 1816:(founded in 1600) and the 1814:British East India Company 1773: 1725:): Maize, tomato, potato, 1546: 1542: 1527: 1521: 1517: 1330:and his co-writers state: 269:Human environmental impact 40: 29: 15514: 15472: 15347: 15282: 15199: 15190: 15117: 14954: 14875: 14868: 14748: 14720: 14652: 14484:Aircraft & Spacecraft 14474: 14439: 14418: 14392: 14366: 14335: 14326: 14269: 14177: 14129:Foreign exchange reserves 14081: 13798:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 13778: 13696: 13533: 13368: 13239:Standard Average European 13107: 12936: 12856: 12693: 12647: 12610:Labour market flexibility 12583: 12494: 12343: 12285:Multinational corporation 12162: 12152: 12041:Resources in your library 11953:Pieterse, Jan Nederveen. 11435:Lourdes, Benería (2014). 11074:10.1215/08992363-12-2-375 11025:10.1163/19426720-00703006 11009:"Corporatism Goes Global" 10939:10.1017/s0020818300033178 10459:Economic Policy Institute 10177:"Equality and Efficiency" 9878:"The Case for Free Trade" 9830:10.1080/00220480309595230 9641:Ip, Greg (18 July 2008). 9445:10.1080/09614520701469492 9143:10.1007/s11293-010-9217-3 9130:Atlantic Economic Journal 9124:Vujakovic, Petra (2010). 8938:10.1080/14616700802337727 8851:10.1080/13600800701457830 8804:Caligiuri, Paula (2021). 8205:. Routledge. p. 59. 7627:Hacker, Violaine (2011). 6915:Hunt, Michael H. (2004). 6636:The Sydney Morning Herald 6364:10.1017/S1361491602000023 6065:10.1080/14747730500202206 6015:Larsson, Thomas. (2001). 5958:Cambridge: Polity Press. 5885:Giddens, Anthony (1990). 5736:Ovidius University Annals 5532:10.1017/S1361491602000023 5463:Finance & Development 5441:10.1080/01969727208542909 5181:Transnational citizenship 4993:environmental regulations 4594:environmental degradation 4430:Anti-capitalist movements 4311:Environmental cooperation 4256:International cooperation 3780:This article needs to be 3595:Foreign Direct Investment 3273:Globalization and disease 3267:Globalization and disease 3253:social networking service 3202: 3183: 3166: 3149: 3132: 3115: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3094:Internet users by region 3052:cross-cultural competence 2761:Global Philanthropy Forum 2757:Global Philanthropy Group 2659:with the two other being 2487:2006 FIFA World Cup Final 2270:multinational corporation 2237:foreign direct investment 2121:least developed countries 2062:Student exchange programs 1974:transportation revolution 1926: 1822:multinational corporation 1671:Indus Valley civilization 1492:and a phasing out of the 1094:communications technology 14776:Democratic globalization 14204:World Trade Organization 13938:Lancaster House Treaties 13428:Christian existentialism 13388:Ancient Roman philosophy 13378:Ancient Greek philosophy 11934:Pfister, Ulrich (2012), 11902:The Globalization Reader 11875:Hansen, Valerie (2020). 11631:The Globalization Reader 11372:10.1257/0895330053147895 11322:. World Economic Forum. 11291:"Inequality is a Choice" 10133:. Ballantine Books, 1996 9340:"The Happy Planet Index" 9222:Sen, Amartya K. (1970). 8680:"Who's who: Definitions" 8447:Krishnan, Armin (2016). 8017:31 December 2016 at the 7256:"What Is Globalization?" 6210:The Globalization Reader 6086:Steger, Manfred (2009). 5398:"Imagining the Internet" 5154:Outline of globalization 4999:or weakest enforcement. 4721:International inequality 4476:World Trade Organization 4394:The Revolt of the Masses 4114:democratic globalization 4096:Democratic globalization 4076:agricultural productions 4034:(in trillions USD), 2018 4030:Worlds regions by total 3967:Human Development Report 3872:meet while attending an 3845:that are subservient to 3304:Coronavirus disease 2019 3259:possible to assume that 2798:Ukraine Is Not a Brothel 2787:Globalization and gender 2129:cross-border phone calls 2017:World Trade Organization 1997:Bretton Woods Conference 1818:Dutch East India Company 1673:in the third millennium 1650:, 17th-century Japanese 1524:History of globalization 1484:that led toward present 1157:origins of globalization 1107:history of globalization 1070:see spelling differences 363:Structural functionalism 109:history of globalization 41:Not to be confused with 15058:Investor-state disputes 15011:Illicit financial flows 14855:Political globalization 14803:Global financial system 14405:Eurasian Economic Union 14293:Repeal of the Corn Laws 13716:Equality before the law 12923:Romano-Germanic culture 12755:Individualist anarchism 11983:International Sociology 11860:3 December 2019 at the 11608:Low, Nicholas. (2002). 11561:"Debunking Green Myths" 11512:Kennedy, Paul. (2006.) 10982:The Heritage Foundation 10555:Altinay, Hakan (2010). 10254:Finance and Development 10213:Why Globalization Works 10181:Finance and Development 10013:Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). 9647:The Wall Street Journal 9433:Development in Practice 9365:Capra, Fritjof (2002). 8170:, thefreedictionary.com 7755:Encyclopædia Britannica 7549:8 November 2017 at the 7497:International Sociology 7067:The Wall Street Journal 7028:4 December 2010 at the 6853:Ritzer, George (2011). 5834:The Communist Manifesto 5730:Sorinel, Cosma (2012). 5456:"Shaping Globalization" 5008:environmental activists 4997:environmental standards 4623:Global justice movement 4608:addictive consumerism. 4216:proposes a process of " 3995:economic liberalization 3745:unintended consequences 3338:Foreign Policy Magazine 3083:Movement of information 3048:international education 2743:, the Acumen Fund (now 2601:Political globalization 2595:Political globalization 2263:standards organizations 2243:International standards 1905:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 1897:The 1843 launch of the 1796:(1415) followed by the 1411:international relations 1403:communities of practice 1380:Global Cities Institute 1229:political globalization 383:Symbolic interactionism 278:Industrial revolutions 179:connections around the 137:international territory 15399:Christopher Chase-Dunn 15167:Primitive accumulation 14850:Military globalization 14781:Economic globalization 14766:Cultural globalization 14447:East African Community 14328:Regional organizations 13878:Eastern European Group 13467:Continental philosophy 13398:Judeo-Christian ethics 13383:Hellenistic philosophy 12864:Cradle of civilization 12720:Collectivist anarchism 12635:Social venture capital 12605:Freedom of association 11962:International Politics 11920:Arab Studies Quarterly 11258:Rosling, Hans (2013). 10429:"Fórum Social Mundial" 9935:10.2202/1553-3832.1156 9587:Gordon, Philip. 2004. 9562:. 2008. Archived from 9527:WorldPublicOpinion.org 9368:The Hidden Connections 9241:oxforddictionaries.com 8185:2 January 2018 at the 6392:Martell, Luke (2010). 5956:Global Transformations 5846:10.2307/j.ctt1k85dmc.4 5684:Business Insights Blog 5429:Journal of Cybernetics 5159:Postdevelopment theory 5109:Global regionalization 4891: 4871: 4805:Anti-global governance 4778: 4730: 4707: 4636: 4443: 4438:World Bank Protester, 4354: 4276: 4275:treaty in Prague, 2010 4035: 4021:gross domestic product 4014:distribution of income 3990: 3877: 3710:cultural appropriation 3644: 3599:Gross Domestic Product 3230: 3072:transnational marriage 3056:international students 3043: 2961: 2942:military globalization 2810: 2720: 2683:Multi-level governance 2665:cultural globalization 2661:economic globalization 2623: 2607:Military globalization 2538: 2470: 2384: 2372:Cultural globalization 2366:Cultural globalization 2332:European Single Market 2216: 2200: 2192: 2176:Economic globalization 2170:Economic globalization 2099: 2083: 2021:Doha Development Round 1939:The conclusion of the 1923: 1907: 1840: 1800:(1492), and later the 1734: 1706: 1654: 1561: 1415:European Common Market 1369: 1357: 1337: 1324:Global Transformations 1317:University of Aberdeen 1293: 1225:cultural globalization 1221:economic globalization 373:Social constructionism 183:continent to and from 34:. For other uses, see 14288:The Wealth of Nations 14246:Special economic zone 14109:Comparative advantage 13998:Three Seas Initiative 13973:Pacific Islands Forum 13838:British–Irish Council 13586:Greek Orthodox Church 13045:Industrial Revolution 13015:Scientific Revolution 12785:Post-scarcity economy 12760:Libertarian socialism 12745:Free-market socialism 12676:Market fundamentalism 12661:Capitalist propaganda 12255:Industrial Revolution 12170:Anarchy of production 11612:. Routledge Science. 10785:Le Monde diplomatique 10218:Yale University Press 9923:The Economists' Voice 9860:registration required 8166:5 August 2018 at the 8144:Cuccioletta, Donald. 7935:"Ethnic fusion Music" 7814:Dunmore, Tom (2011). 7398:. Europa web portal. 7375:European Commission. 6894:10.1093/wbro/17.2.191 6803:Wolf, Martin (2001). 6732:Klein, Naomi (2008). 6195:26 April 2009 at the 5582:16 March 2015 at the 4929:and pollution of the 4877: 4854: 4768: 4728: 4698: 4670:global digital divide 4641:movement of movements 4630: 4596:, and general social 4437: 4344: 4263: 4246:popularized the term 4242:Canadian philosopher 4220:" as an alternative. 4210:nuclear proliferation 4029: 3980: 3940:comparative advantage 3864: 3851:Brookings Institution 3706:cultural assimilation 3687:structural inequality 3634: 3621:Support and criticism 3340:Globalization Index. 3227:global digital divide 3224: 3033: 2955: 2795:From the documentary 2794: 2733:developmental efforts 2714: 2614: 2516: 2506:"ethnic fusion", and 2464: 2379: 2206: 2198: 2183: 2093: 2074: 2064:became popular after 2050:have helped to bring 1958:Industrial Revolution 1913: 1896: 1834: 1712: 1700: 1641: 1609:industrial production 1556: 1549:Archaic globalization 1449:popularized the term 1364: 1353: 1332: 1288: 1072:), is the process of 748:Conversation analysis 323:Social stratification 18:International markets 15464:Immanuel Wallerstein 15125:Capital accumulation 14991:Endangered languages 14308:Economic nationalism 14226:Economic integration 13993:Special Relationship 13403:Christian philosophy 13348:Western Christianity 13010:Age of Enlightenment 12884:Hellenistic Kingdoms 12240:Financial Revolution 12205:Economic development 11922:41.1 (2019): 33–58. 10811:4 March 2009 at the 10777:19 July 2017 at the 10620:on 26 September 2012 10210:Martin Wolf (2004). 9594:29 June 2011 at the 9346:on 26 September 2009 9110:6 March 2008 at the 8966:. 25 February 2020. 8747:25 June 2018 at the 8189:, yourdictionary.com 7995:"World Fusion Music" 7739:on 23 December 2016. 7617:. Cultural Sociology 7613:20 June 2010 at the 7514:James, Paul (2006). 6996:. 15 November 2014. 6961:Internet World Stats 6243:"Beyond Globophobia" 6190:, 7:(2) (July 2001). 6134:James, Paul (2014). 6039:James, Paul (2005). 5802:10.1515/ngs-2013-021 5710:www.wilsoncenter.org 5176:Transnational cinema 5074:Environmental racism 4968:Helena Norberg-Hodge 4740:developing countries 4578:supplier convergence 4399:José Ortega y Gasset 4359:corporate capitalism 4325:Economic cooperation 4280:Military cooperation 4236:Kwame Anthony Appiah 3830:internationalization 3603:portfolio investment 3471:Globalization Index 3279:Virgin soil epidemic 3015:or temporarily as a 2837:improve this article 2771:59 billion in 2010. 2741:Accion International 2702:Multiple citizenship 2695:European integration 2671:Intergovernmentalism 2640:global civil society 2247:intermodal container 2229:economic integration 2189:Enabling Trade Index 2125:late 2000s recession 2117:developing countries 1837:Atlantic slave trade 1659:historical economist 1066:Commonwealth English 15577:International trade 15562:Theories of history 15536:Business portal 15095:Transnational crime 15001:Forced displacement 14986:Economic inequality 14860:Trade globalization 14756:Alter-globalization 14564:Integrated circuits 14348:Caribbean Community 14144:Net capital outflow 14094:Balance of payments 14075:International trade 14018:West Nordic Council 13883:Eastern Partnership 13472:Analytic philosophy 13173:Classical tradition 12995:Early modern period 12951:Classical antiquity 12946:European Bronze Age 12715:Anarcho-syndicalism 12710:Anarcho-primitivism 12595:Economic inequality 12210:Economic liberalism 11967:Steger, Manfred B. 11893:Hopkins, A.G., ed. 11422:5 June 2013 at the 11031:on 3 September 2014 10323:John Maynard Keynes 10316:, Macmillan, 1951; 10121:7 June 2011 at the 9958:"Outsourcing Redux" 9910:on 22 January 2007. 9896:1993SciAm.269e..42B 9569:on 3 September 2014 9533:on 12 February 2012 9175:2016ERSS...14..122O 8656:. Merriam-Webster. 8628:Oxford Dictionaries 8612:on 23 January 2016. 8580:on 28 February 2013 8483:Citizenship Studies 7588:on 19 November 2012 7021:The Washington Post 6667:Global Policy Forum 6524:. pp. 100–01. 6288:on 22 December 2014 6174:Emerging: A Reader. 6140:Citizenship Studies 6057:2005Glob....2..193J 5288:2014Glob...11..417J 5119:Global public goods 4923:energy conservation 4791:gender inequalities 4410:new social movement 4408:is an example of a 4363:alter-globalization 4048:John Maynard Keynes 4000:standards of living 3927:Oxfam International 3472: 3350: 3241:transatlantic cable 3186:Independent States 3095: 3019:. According to the 3005:permanent residents 2656:William R. Thompson 2360:William I. Robinson 2255:international trade 2108:revolutions of 1989 2040:developed countries 1978:international trade 1849:global silver trade 1810:chartered companies 1776:Proto-globalization 1743:Indian subcontinent 1246:Etymology and usage 1167:and voyages to the 1086:post–Cold War world 333:Social cycle theory 204:Part of a series on 15572:Cultural geography 15567:Economic geography 15309:Andre Gunder Frank 15083:Race to the bottom 15073:North–South divide 14791:Global citizenship 14476:Exports by product 14426:Arab Customs Union 14089:Absolute advantage 13477:Post-structuralism 13440:Christian humanism 13070:Universal suffrage 12735:Economic democracy 12556:Private foundation 12006:has a profile for 11964:42:1 (2005), 2–74. 11540:on 4 February 2012 11386:Seguino, Stephanie 11293:. New York Times. 11239:on 3 December 2013 11127:data.worldbank.org 10744:"Slowbalisation". 10725:on 3 December 2013 10306:See, for example, 10017:The End of Poverty 9988:www.igmchicago.org 9406:www.vaticannews.va 8926:Journalism Studies 8757:. 1 December 2016. 8525:Siebeck, Florian. 8361:on 18 October 2012 8270:"Vaccine Delivery" 7795:on 20 January 2012 7579:Cato Policy Report 7559:. Wiley-Blackwell. 7348:O'Sullivan, Arthur 7141:10.1257/jep.37.3.3 6755:Feminist Economics 6735:The Shock Doctrine 6610:on 22 January 2013 5997:on 2 February 2015 5790:New Global Studies 5268:Steger, Manfred B. 5149:North–South divide 5059:Civilizing mission 4989:Race to the bottom 4954:species extinction 4919:energy consumption 4892: 4872: 4779: 4731: 4708: 4690:CARE International 4650:anti-globalization 4637: 4566:consumer education 4550:) popularizing an 4482:treaties like the 4444: 4355: 4315:chlorofluorocarbon 4277: 4271:after signing the 4230:based on a shared 4170:Global citizenship 4064:financial leverage 4055:corporate entities 4044:classical liberals 4036: 3991: 3955:market orientation 3894:The End of Poverty 3878: 3741:Happy Planet Index 3645: 3615:emerging economies 3468: 3347: 3236:electric telegraph 3231: 3093: 3044: 3036:London Youth Games 2962: 2948:Movement of people 2811: 2721: 2685:is an approach in 2624: 2589:third-culture kids 2539: 2471: 2469:of global society. 2407:Cultural diffusion 2385: 2342:Trade facilitation 2217: 2215:companies in 2016. 2201: 2193: 2100: 2084: 1966:economies of scale 1924: 1908: 1884:Columbian exchange 1882:'s concept of the 1876:Western Hemisphere 1841: 1735: 1719:exchanged globally 1707: 1705:in the 1st century 1663:Andre Gunder Frank 1655: 1562: 1447:Thomas L. Friedman 1019:Society portal 642:History of science 623:Race and ethnicity 303:Social environment 15544: 15543: 15510: 15509: 15369:K. Anthony Appiah 15364:Daniele Archibugi 15113: 15112: 14902:COVID-19 pandemic 14808:Global governance 14680: 14679: 14470: 14469: 14440:Subsaharan Africa 14271:Political economy 14041: 14040: 13868:Council of Europe 13770:International law 13723:Constitutionalism 13581:Eastern Orthodoxy 13087:Post–Cold War era 13020:Age of Revolution 12874:Greco-Roman world 12812: 12811: 12705:Anarcho-communism 12576:Spontaneous order 12571:Social alienation 12528:Economic mobility 12215:Economic planning 12022:Library resources 12012: 11976:Current Sociology 11664:978-0-87156-643-0 11639:978-0-470-65563-4 11618:978-0-415-19735-9 11522:978-0-375-50165-4 11446:978-0-415-53748-3 11215:978-0-7637-4735-0 11155:. London: Verso. 10891:. 10 March 1995. 10835:978-0-8223-4269-4 10589:on 19 August 2019 10414:978-1-57675-301-9 10384:978-0-7432-4744-3 10227:978-0-300-10252-9 10131:Jihad vs. McWorld 10097:978-0-19-544020-1 10061:978-1-4625-1957-6 10028:978-1-59420-045-8 9745:978-0-19-533093-9 9560:BBC World Service 9408:. 9 August 2019. 9378:978-0-385-49471-7 8815:978-1-78966-660-1 8782:978-1-108-85418-4 8460:978-1-317-00049-5 8433:978-0-226-98344-8 8391:978-0-85092-798-6 8212:978-1-135-97764-1 8001:on 14 March 2012. 7857:978-1-4496-0203-1 7827:978-0-8108-7188-5 7606:Nadeem, S (2009) 7472:. 16 April 2011. 7383:on 1 October 2007 7361:978-0-13-063085-8 7294:978-0-415-16787-1 7262:. 29 October 2018 7233:978-0-07-811277-5 6718:978-0-415-53748-3 6539:978-0-521-88202-6 6323:978-0-470-76642-2 6219:978-0-470-65563-4 6097:978-0-19-955226-9 6025:978-1-930865-15-0 5964:978-0-7456-1498-4 5933:978-0-8039-8187-4 5855:978-1-78680-025-1 5657:978-0-470-76642-2 5574:Sassen, Saskia - 5507:978-0-520-21474-3 5383:978-0-309-04883-5 5233:(11): 1471–1502. 5226:The World Economy 5012:indigenous rights 4950:biodiversity loss 4821:League of Nations 4811:Global governance 4744:life expectancies 4717:Social inequality 4711:Social inequality 4703:(trillions USD), 4686:Free The Children 4666:Social inequality 4448:financial markets 4417:Battle of Seattle 4389:Christopher Lasch 4349:demonstration in 4319:Montreal Protocol 3886:N. Gregory Mankiw 3801: 3800: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3461: 3460: 3312:COVID-19 pandemic 3219: 3218: 3167:Asia and Pacific 2913: 2912: 2905: 2887: 2687:political science 2675:political science 2409:is the spread of 2048:low-cost carriers 2030:Since the 1970s, 2011:. Initially, the 1970:population growth 1962:Industrialization 1933:Kevin H. O'Rourke 1864:Thirty Years' War 1794:Portuguese Empire 1790:Christopher Bayly 1500:globalization", " 1055: 1054: 773:Social experiment 653:Social psychology 298:Social complexity 191:, and across the 141:Midtown Manhattan 16:(Redirected from 15599: 15587:Interculturalism 15534: 15533: 15522: 15521: 15475: 15384:Jean Baudrillard 15352: 15299:Giovanni Arrighi 15287: 15244:Branko Milanović 15224:Jagdish Bhagwati 15202: 15197: 15196: 15088:pollution havens 15053:Invasive species 14957: 14878: 14873: 14872: 14823:Global workforce 14733: 14732: 14707: 14700: 14693: 14684: 14683: 14670: 14669: 14660: 14659: 14333: 14332: 14199:World Bank Group 14099:Balance of trade 14068: 14061: 14054: 14045: 14044: 13913:EU Customs Union 13445:Secular humanism 13393:Christian ethics 13343:East–West Schism 13326:Physical culture 13050:Great Divergence 13000:Age of Discovery 12839: 12832: 12825: 12816: 12815: 12795:Social anarchism 12770:Market socialism 12765:Market anarchism 12671:Critique of work 12561:Private property 12523:Economic freedom 12518:Decentralization 12496:Cultural aspects 12457:Regulated market 12235:Financial crisis 12220:Entrepreneurship 12139: 12132: 12125: 12116: 12115: 12091:"Globalization" 12087: 12010: 12000: 11999: 11890: 11853:81.1 (2019): 9. 11816: 11815: 11813: 11811: 11792: 11786: 11785: 11783: 11781: 11772:. 18 June 2019. 11762: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11736: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11719: 11704: 11684: 11675: 11669: 11668: 11648: 11642: 11627: 11621: 11606: 11600: 11597: 11591: 11590: 11584: 11576: 11574: 11572: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11530: 11524: 11510: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11499: 11479: 11473: 11472: 11466: 11458: 11432: 11426: 11415: 11412:10.1002/jid.1295 11405: 11382: 11376: 11375: 11365: 11345: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11328: 11321: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11286: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11255: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11238: 11232:. Archived from 11231: 11223: 11217: 11207: 11201: 11191: 11185: 11181: 11175: 11174: 11144: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11119: 11113: 11112: 11092: 11086: 11085: 11067: 11047: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11027:. Archived from 11004: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10920: 10914: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10900: 10881: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10869: 10858: 10849: 10846: 10840: 10839: 10821: 10815: 10794: 10788: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10741: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10715: 10706: 10705:2009: M.E. Sharp 10701:Chapman, Roger. 10699: 10693: 10690: 10684: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10651: 10645: 10644: 10636: 10630: 10629: 10627: 10625: 10616:. Archived from 10605: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10585:. Archived from 10575: 10569: 10568: 10563:. Archived from 10552: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10535: 10528: 10522:Roche, Douglas. 10519: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10508: 10493: 10487: 10484: 10475: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10461:. Archived from 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10425: 10419: 10418: 10395: 10389: 10388: 10365: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10338: 10332: 10304: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10293: 10276: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10245: 10239: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10196: 10172: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10155: 10148: 10140: 10134: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10020: 10010: 10004: 10003: 10001: 9999: 9990:. Archived from 9980: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9960:. Archived from 9953: 9947: 9946: 9918: 9912: 9911: 9906:. Archived from 9874:Friedman, Milton 9870: 9864: 9863: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9846: 9815: 9806: 9800: 9799: 9787: 9781: 9780: 9764: 9758: 9757: 9737: 9727: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9686: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9613: 9605: 9599: 9585: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9568: 9557: 9549: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9484: 9473: 9472: 9439:(4/5): 523–531. 9428: 9422: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9398: 9392: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9336: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9306: 9300: 9293: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9263: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9243:. Archived from 9233: 9227: 9220: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9196: 9186: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9121: 9115: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9052:. 2 April 2020. 9042: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8996:. 6 April 2020. 8986: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8975: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8764: 8758: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8721: 8710: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8605:. Archived from 8604: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8579: 8564: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8522: 8516: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8417: 8411: 8410: 8402: 8396: 8395: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8316:on 30 July 2012. 8315: 8309:. Archived from 8308: 8296: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8276:. Archived from 8266: 8260: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8233:. 2 April 2015. 8223: 8217: 8216: 8196: 8190: 8177: 8171: 8158: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8099: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8083:on 12 April 2018 8069: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8052: 8046:. Archived from 8045: 8037: 8031: 8028: 8022: 8009: 8003: 8002: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7931: 7925: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7735:. Archived from 7729: 7723: 7722: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7624: 7618: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7587: 7581:. Archived from 7576: 7567: 7561: 7560: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7441: 7421: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7372: 7366: 7365: 7344: 7338: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7315:on 14 April 2018 7311:. Archived from 7305: 7299: 7298: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7219: 7213: 7210: 7204: 7193: 7184: 7170: 7164: 7163: 7153: 7143: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7038: 7032: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 6986: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6887: 6867: 6858: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6821:10.2307/20050051 6800: 6794: 6793: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6704: 6695: 6692: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6669:. Archived from 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6596:Levinson, Marc. 6593: 6584: 6583: 6577: 6573: 6571: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6516: 6510: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6490: 6483: 6477: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6440: 6434: 6431: 6425: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6404: 6398: 6397: 6389: 6376: 6375: 6347: 6336: 6335: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6284:. Archived from 6271: 6265: 6264: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6205: 6199: 6183: 6177: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6036: 6027: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5996: 5985: 5977: 5966: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5925: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5839: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5639: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5608: 5599: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5559: 5551: 5515: 5509: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5475: 5460: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5408:on 23 March 2009 5394: 5388: 5387: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5334:. London: Sage. 5325: 5316: 5315: 5260: 5243: 5242: 5220: 5164:Technocapitalism 5052: 5047: 5046: 5038: 5033: 5032: 4925:, transnational 4895:Environmentalism 4837:Environmentalism 4823:and, later, the 4676:(NGOs) include: 4633:Gini coefficient 4523:) over those of 4512:Anti-consumerism 4508:Anti-corporatism 4244:Marshall McLuhan 4218:universalization 4164:Multiculturalism 4145:directly elected 4134:Canadian Senator 4130:world government 4090:Global democracy 4082:(e.g., the EU's 3998:improvements in 3915:Jagdish Bhagwati 3796: 3793: 3787: 3775: 3774: 3767: 3737:Gini coefficient 3659:. Proponents of 3657:social movements 3473: 3467: 3351: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3096: 3092: 3060:foreign students 2932:Other dimensions 2908: 2901: 2897: 2894: 2888: 2886: 2845: 2821: 2813: 2801:. Radical group 2765:Hudson Institute 2729:humanitarian aid 2679:Stanley Hoffmann 2628:political system 2577:Transculturalism 2429:Jean-Paul Sartre 2320:27 member states 2251:Containerization 1880:Alfred W. Crosby 1872:triangular trade 1661:and sociologist 1619:centers such as 1601:Great Divergence 1559:Janet Abu-Lughod 1512:fear of balloons 1470:Takis Fotopoulos 1455:globalized trade 1313:Roland Robertson 1309:social relations 1253:François Perroux 1165:Age of Discovery 1122:steam locomotive 1047: 1040: 1033: 1017: 1016: 768:Network analysis 658:Sociocybernetics 648:Social movements 378:Social darwinism 328:Social structure 220: 201: 200: 98: 87: 78: 67: 58: 21: 15607: 15606: 15602: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15597: 15596: 15547: 15546: 15545: 15540: 15528: 15506: 15487:Thomas Friedman 15473: 15468: 15419:Anthony Giddens 15394:Manuel Castells 15359:Arjun Appadurai 15350: 15348: 15343: 15285: 15283: 15278: 15274:Joseph Stiglitz 15214:Richard Baldwin 15200: 15192: 15186: 15145:Fiscal localism 15109: 15063:McDonaldization 14981:Development aid 14955: 14950: 14919:Multilingualism 14914:Labor arbitrage 14890:Climate justice 14876: 14864: 14818:Global politics 14771:Deglobalization 14744: 14716: 14711: 14681: 14676: 14648: 14594:Pharmaceuticals 14466: 14435: 14414: 14388: 14362: 14322: 14318:Dedollarisation 14265: 14251:Trade agreement 14241:Free-trade zone 14182: 14180: 14173: 14114:Current account 14104:Capital account 14077: 14072: 14042: 14037: 14003:UKUSA Agreement 13943:Lublin Triangle 13828:Baltic Assembly 13780: 13774: 13692: 13529: 13364: 13234:Eurolinguistics 13103: 13092:Information age 13065:Interwar period 12932: 12852: 12843: 12813: 12808: 12790:Sharing economy 12780:Post-capitalism 12750:Green anarchism 12689: 12656:Anti-capitalism 12643: 12579: 12490: 12482:State-sponsored 12339: 12315:Property rights 12290:Nationalization 12200:Economic bubble 12158: 12148: 12143: 12052: 12051: 12050: 12030: 12029: 12025: 12018: 12017: 12016: 12001: 11997: 11992: 11897:(Norton, 2003). 11887: 11862:Wayback Machine 11828:Ampuja, Marko. 11825: 11823:Further reading 11820: 11819: 11809: 11807: 11802:. 2 July 2019. 11794: 11793: 11789: 11779: 11777: 11764: 11763: 11759: 11749: 11747: 11738: 11737: 11733: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11682: 11676: 11672: 11665: 11649: 11645: 11628: 11624: 11607: 11603: 11598: 11594: 11578: 11577: 11570: 11568: 11557: 11553: 11543: 11541: 11532: 11531: 11527: 11511: 11507: 11497: 11495: 11480: 11476: 11460: 11459: 11447: 11433: 11429: 11424:Wayback Machine 11403:10.1.1.589.4614 11396:(8): 1081–104. 11383: 11379: 11346: 11342: 11332: 11330: 11326: 11319: 11315: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11298: 11287: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11256: 11252: 11242: 11240: 11236: 11229: 11225: 11224: 11220: 11208: 11204: 11192: 11188: 11182: 11178: 11163: 11145: 11141: 11131: 11129: 11121: 11120: 11116: 11093: 11089: 11065:10.1.1.571.5793 11048: 11044: 11034: 11032: 11005: 11001: 10991: 10989: 10974: 10970: 10921: 10917: 10912: 10908: 10898: 10896: 10889:The Independent 10883: 10882: 10878: 10867: 10865: 10859: 10852: 10847: 10843: 10836: 10822: 10818: 10813:Wayback Machine 10806:FIS.utoronto.ca 10795: 10791: 10779:Wayback Machine 10767:Jacques Derrida 10765: 10761: 10743: 10742: 10738: 10728: 10726: 10717: 10716: 10709: 10700: 10696: 10691: 10687: 10682: 10678: 10668: 10666: 10653: 10652: 10648: 10637: 10633: 10623: 10621: 10606: 10602: 10592: 10590: 10577: 10576: 10572: 10567:on 3 June 2010. 10553: 10549: 10539: 10537: 10533: 10526: 10520: 10516: 10506: 10504: 10495: 10494: 10490: 10485: 10478: 10468: 10466: 10465:on 30 June 2012 10453: 10452: 10448: 10438: 10436: 10427: 10426: 10422: 10415: 10396: 10392: 10385: 10374:The Corporation 10366: 10362: 10352: 10350: 10339: 10335: 10318:Donald Markwell 10305: 10301: 10291: 10289: 10277: 10273: 10263: 10261: 10246: 10242: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10208: 10204: 10194: 10192: 10173: 10169: 10159: 10157: 10153: 10146: 10142: 10141: 10137: 10123:Wayback Machine 10113: 10109: 10098: 10084: 10080: 10062: 10048: 10044: 10029: 10011: 10007: 9997: 9995: 9994:on 22 June 2016 9982: 9981: 9977: 9967: 9965: 9964:on 2 April 2007 9954: 9950: 9919: 9915: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9850: 9848: 9844: 9813: 9807: 9803: 9798:on 11 May 2011. 9788: 9784: 9771:(70): 134–137. 9769:Feminist Review 9765: 9761: 9746: 9728: 9721: 9713: 9699: 9684: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9639: 9635: 9625: 9623: 9606: 9602: 9596:Wayback Machine 9586: 9582: 9572: 9570: 9566: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9546: 9536: 9534: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9485: 9476: 9429: 9425: 9415: 9413: 9400: 9399: 9395: 9390: 9386: 9379: 9363: 9359: 9349: 9347: 9338: 9337: 9333: 9323: 9321: 9308: 9307: 9303: 9295:Guido Bolaffi. 9294: 9290: 9280: 9278: 9265: 9264: 9260: 9250: 9248: 9247:on 31 July 2016 9235: 9234: 9230: 9221: 9214: 9204: 9202: 9155: 9151: 9122: 9118: 9112:Wayback Machine 9105:16 October 2006 9103: 9099: 9089: 9087: 9074: 9073: 9069: 9059: 9057: 9044: 9043: 9039: 9029: 9027: 9018: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 8988: 8987: 8983: 8973: 8971: 8958: 8957: 8953: 8922: 8918: 8908: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8882: 8880: 8871: 8870: 8866: 8835: 8831: 8816: 8802: 8798: 8783: 8765: 8761: 8754:Financial Times 8749:Wayback Machine 8739: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8708: 8704: 8703: 8699: 8689: 8687: 8678: 8677: 8673: 8663: 8661: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8635: 8622: 8621: 8617: 8609: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8583: 8581: 8577: 8562: 8558: 8557: 8553: 8543: 8541: 8523: 8519: 8514: 8510: 8472: 8468: 8461: 8445: 8441: 8434: 8418: 8414: 8403: 8399: 8392: 8378: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8334:on 18 June 2010 8326: 8325: 8321: 8313: 8306: 8298: 8297: 8293: 8283: 8281: 8268: 8267: 8263: 8254: 8250: 8240: 8238: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8213: 8197: 8193: 8187:Wayback Machine 8178: 8174: 8168:Wayback Machine 8159: 8152: 8143: 8139: 8100: 8096: 8086: 8084: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8029: 8025: 8019:Wayback Machine 8010: 8006: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7978: 7976: 7963: 7962: 7958: 7948: 7946: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7920: 7916: 7873: 7869: 7858: 7842: 7838: 7828: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7779: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7699: 7695: 7656: 7652: 7625: 7621: 7615:Wayback Machine 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7574: 7568: 7564: 7551:Wayback Machine 7541: 7537: 7527: 7525: 7512: 7508: 7493: 7489: 7479: 7477: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7422: 7415: 7405: 7403: 7394: 7393: 7386: 7384: 7373: 7369: 7362: 7345: 7341: 7332: 7328: 7318: 7316: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7265: 7263: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7234: 7220: 7216: 7211: 7207: 7194: 7187: 7171: 7167: 7120: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7096:Zumbrun, Josh. 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7058: 7054: 7039: 7035: 7030:Wayback Machine 7023:, 5 March 2009. 7017: 7013: 7003: 7001: 6990:"Signs of life" 6988: 6987: 6980: 6970: 6968: 6967:on 23 June 2011 6955: 6954: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6913: 6909: 6868: 6861: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6809:Foreign Affairs 6801: 6797: 6786: 6782: 6747: 6743: 6730: 6726: 6719: 6705: 6698: 6693: 6686: 6676: 6674: 6673:on 12 July 2008 6661: 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6594: 6587: 6575: 6574: 6565: 6564: 6557: 6555: 6540: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6484: 6480: 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6450:on 2 April 2015 6442: 6441: 6437: 6432: 6428: 6423: 6419: 6410:, Hans (2000). 6405: 6401: 6396:. Policy Press. 6390: 6379: 6348: 6339: 6324: 6305: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6272: 6268: 6239: 6235: 6220: 6206: 6202: 6197:Wayback Machine 6184: 6180: 6171: 6167: 6132: 6128: 6109: 6105: 6098: 6084: 6080: 6037: 6030: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5969: 5953: 5949: 5934: 5916: 5912: 5897: 5883: 5879: 5856: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5786: 5782: 5767: 5747: 5743: 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5673: 5658: 5640: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5610: 5609: 5602: 5584:Wayback Machine 5573: 5569: 5553: 5552: 5516: 5512: 5496: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5458: 5452: 5448: 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5342: 5326: 5319: 5261: 5246: 5221: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5203:World Englishes 5104:Global mobility 5069:Deglobalization 5064:Cosmopolitanism 5048: 5041: 5036:Business portal 5034: 5027: 5024: 4977:Ancient Futures 4849: 4839: 4833: 4813: 4807: 4783:precarious work 4723: 4715:Main articles: 4713: 4643:"—who advocate 4625: 4619: 4614: 4557:to the public. 4541:The Corporation 4525:natural persons 4514: 4506:Main articles: 4504: 4474:(OECD) and the 4432: 4426: 4353:, Germany, 2016 4339: 4333: 4269:Dmitry Medvedev 4258: 4224:Cosmopolitanism 4184:global citizens 4180:social contract 4172: 4166: 4158:Main articles: 4156: 4122:Francesco Stipo 4112:. Advocates of 4098: 4092: 4040:interdependence 3987:income equality 3983:economic growth 3959:property rights 3859: 3843:neo-colonialism 3821:Great Recession 3797: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3661:economic growth 3629: 3623: 3470: 3348: 3326: 3320: 3293: 3275: 3269: 3185: 3184:Commonwealth of 3091: 3085: 2960:traffic in 2009 2950: 2934: 2909: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2852:"Globalization" 2846: 2844: 2834: 2822: 2789: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2467:McDonaldization 2425:existentialists 2390:popular culture 2374: 2368: 2277:free-trade area 2178: 2172: 2164:Great Recession 2110:and subsequent 1941:Napoleonic Wars 1929: 1888:Southeast Asian 1806:British Empires 1778: 1772: 1679:Hellenistic Age 1613:economic output 1551: 1545: 1535:There are both 1533: 1526: 1520: 1463:supply-chaining 1453:, arguing that 1445:The journalist 1384:RMIT University 1374:, professor of 1305:Anthony Giddens 1265:Theodore Levitt 1248: 1236:economic growth 1134:container ships 1051: 1011: 1004: 1003: 964: 954: 953: 881: 807: 793: 791:Major theorists 783: 782: 718: 708: 707: 398: 388: 387: 358:Critical theory 353:Conflict theory 348: 338: 337: 308:Social equality 249: 199: 198: 197: 196: 159:as of 2021, in 101: 100: 99: 90: 89: 88: 80: 79: 70: 69: 68: 60: 59: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15605: 15595: 15594: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15542: 15541: 15539: 15538: 15526: 15515: 15512: 15511: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15478: 15476: 15470: 15469: 15467: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15389:Zygmunt Bauman 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15355: 15353: 15345: 15344: 15342: 15341: 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15290: 15288: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15254:Thomas Piketty 15251: 15249:Kevin O'Rourke 15246: 15241: 15239:Michael Hudson 15236: 15231: 15229:Robert Brenner 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15205: 15203: 15194: 15188: 15187: 15185: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15163: 15162: 15157: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15121: 15119: 15115: 15114: 15111: 15110: 15108: 15107: 15102: 15100:Westernization 15097: 15092: 15091: 15090: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15049: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14972: 14971: 14960: 14958: 14952: 14951: 14949: 14948: 14943: 14942: 14941: 14939:Tax inversions 14936: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14909:Digital divide 14906: 14905: 14904: 14894: 14893: 14892: 14885:Climate change 14881: 14879: 14870: 14866: 14865: 14863: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14846: 14845: 14840: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14799: 14798: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14752: 14750: 14746: 14745: 14743: 14742: 14737: 14727: 14721: 14718: 14717: 14710: 14709: 14702: 14695: 14687: 14678: 14677: 14675: 14674: 14664: 14653: 14650: 14649: 14647: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14489:Aircraft parts 14486: 14480: 14478: 14472: 14471: 14468: 14467: 14465: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14443: 14441: 14437: 14436: 14434: 14433: 14428: 14422: 14420: 14416: 14415: 14413: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14396: 14394: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14370: 14368: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14339: 14337: 14330: 14324: 14323: 14321: 14320: 14315: 14301: 14296: 14275: 14273: 14267: 14266: 14264: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14212: 14211: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14185: 14183: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14171: 14169:Trading nation 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14085: 14083: 14079: 14078: 14071: 14070: 14063: 14056: 14048: 14039: 14038: 14036: 14035: 14033:Westernization 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14013:Visegrád Group 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13953:Nordic Council 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13848:Bucharest Nine 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13813:Arctic Council 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13784: 13782: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13761: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13725: 13720: 13719: 13718: 13708: 13702: 13700: 13694: 13693: 13691: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13679: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13657: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13611: 13610: 13609: 13608: 13607: 13597: 13596: 13595: 13590: 13589: 13588: 13578: 13577: 13576: 13566: 13565: 13564: 13539: 13537: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13527: 13526: 13525: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13504: 13503: 13491: 13490: 13489: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13442: 13432: 13431: 13430: 13423:Existentialism 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13374: 13372: 13366: 13365: 13363: 13362: 13361: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13335: 13334: 13333: 13323: 13322: 13321: 13316: 13306: 13305: 13304: 13294: 13289: 13288: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13267: 13266: 13265: 13255: 13254: 13253: 13243: 13242: 13241: 13236: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13210: 13209: 13199: 13194: 13193: 13192: 13182: 13181: 13180: 13170: 13169: 13168: 13158: 13153: 13152: 13151: 13141: 13136: 13135: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13113: 13111: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13101: 13100: 13099: 13094: 13084: 13083: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12987: 12982: 12981: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12960: 12959: 12958: 12956:Late antiquity 12948: 12942: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12931: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12909: 12908: 12907: 12906: 12901: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12871: 12866: 12860: 12858: 12854: 12853: 12842: 12841: 12834: 12827: 12819: 12810: 12809: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12695: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12651: 12645: 12644: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12585: 12584:Social aspects 12581: 12580: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12508:American Dream 12505: 12500: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12345: 12341: 12340: 12338: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12270:Market failure 12267: 12265:Market economy 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12225:Ecopreneurship 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12180:Centralization 12177: 12175:Business cycle 12172: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12159: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12142: 12141: 12134: 12127: 12119: 12113: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12088: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12049: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12020: 12019: 12009:globalisation 12002: 11995: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11990:External links 11988: 11987: 11986: 11979: 11972: 11965: 11958: 11951: 11932: 11929:Olstein, Diego 11926: 11916: 11905: 11898: 11891: 11886:978-1501194108 11885: 11872: 11865: 11847: 11840: 11833: 11824: 11821: 11818: 11817: 11787: 11757: 11731: 11670: 11663: 11643: 11622: 11601: 11592: 11563:. Reason.com. 11551: 11525: 11505: 11474: 11445: 11427: 11377: 11363:10.1.1.488.791 11356:(1): 199–220. 11340: 11308: 11281: 11250: 11218: 11202: 11186: 11176: 11161: 11139: 11114: 11087: 11058:(2): 375–409. 11052:Public Culture 11042: 10999: 10976:Kolas, Logan. 10968: 10915: 10906: 10876: 10850: 10841: 10834: 10816: 10789: 10759: 10736: 10707: 10694: 10685: 10676: 10659:Dictionary.com 10655:"Cosmopolitan" 10646: 10631: 10600: 10570: 10547: 10536:on 31 May 2013 10514: 10503:on 20 May 2010 10488: 10476: 10446: 10420: 10413: 10390: 10383: 10360: 10345:. Al Jazeera. 10333: 10299: 10271: 10240: 10226: 10202: 10167: 10149:. UNDP. 2003. 10135: 10127:Barkawi, Tarak 10107: 10096: 10078: 10060: 10042: 10027: 10005: 9975: 9948: 9913: 9865: 9801: 9782: 9759: 9744: 9719: 9697: 9672: 9633: 9600: 9580: 9544: 9514: 9474: 9423: 9393: 9384: 9377: 9357: 9331: 9301: 9288: 9271:Dictionary.com 9258: 9228: 9212: 9149: 9116: 9097: 9086:on 31 May 2012 9067: 9037: 9011: 8981: 8964:Foreign Policy 8951: 8916: 8890: 8864: 8829: 8814: 8796: 8781: 8759: 8733: 8697: 8671: 8645: 8634:on 18 May 2016 8615: 8591: 8551: 8517: 8508: 8466: 8459: 8439: 8432: 8412: 8397: 8390: 8372: 8345: 8319: 8291: 8280:on 31 May 2013 8261: 8255:Pawel Zaleski 8248: 8218: 8211: 8191: 8172: 8150: 8137: 8110:(2): 153–175. 8094: 8064: 8053:on 5 July 2010 8032: 8023: 8004: 7986: 7956: 7926: 7914: 7893:10.1086/421180 7887:(3): 274–294. 7867: 7856: 7836: 7826: 7806: 7772: 7742: 7724: 7713:(3): 249–255. 7693: 7650: 7633:Politické vedy 7619: 7599: 7562: 7535: 7506: 7487: 7461: 7439:10.1.1.662.425 7413: 7367: 7360: 7339: 7326: 7300: 7293: 7273: 7247: 7232: 7214: 7205: 7185: 7165: 7114: 7088: 7052: 7033: 7011: 6978: 6948: 6937:on 1 June 2013 6922: 6919:. p. 399. 6907: 6885:10.1.1.17.7732 6878:(2): 191–235. 6859: 6846: 6815:(1): 178–190. 6795: 6780: 6741: 6724: 6717: 6696: 6684: 6654: 6621: 6585: 6576:|website= 6538: 6511: 6500: 6491: 6478: 6461: 6435: 6426: 6417: 6399: 6377: 6337: 6322: 6310:, ed. (2008). 6308:Ritzer, George 6299: 6266: 6233: 6218: 6200: 6178: 6165: 6126: 6103: 6096: 6078: 6051:(2): 193–209. 6045:Globalizations 6028: 6008: 5967: 5947: 5932: 5910: 5895: 5877: 5854: 5823: 5780: 5765: 5741: 5722: 5697: 5686:. 1 April 2021 5671: 5656: 5629: 5600: 5567: 5510: 5487: 5446: 5419: 5389: 5382: 5355: 5340: 5317: 5276:Globalizations 5244: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5099:Global commons 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5039: 5023: 5020: 4942:sustainability 4935:overpopulation 4917:, inequity in 4907:global warming 4843:Climate change 4835:Main article: 4832: 4829: 4825:United Nations 4809:Main article: 4806: 4803: 4712: 4709: 4654:social justice 4621:Main article: 4618: 4617:Global justice 4615: 4613: 4610: 4552:anti-corporate 4503: 4500: 4494:(MAI) and the 4428:Main article: 4425: 4422: 4376:anti-sweatshop 4367:anti-corporate 4335:Main article: 4332: 4329: 4257: 4254: 4249:Global Village 4155: 4152: 4094:Main article: 4091: 4088: 4005:fertility rate 3870:George W. Bush 3858: 3855: 3799: 3798: 3779: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3763:Public opinion 3761: 3683:sustainability 3622: 3619: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3319: 3316: 3296:barriers (see 3271:Main article: 3268: 3265: 3261:global threats 3217: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3084: 3081: 3017:foreign worker 3013:migrant worker 2967:Atlantic Ocean 2949: 2946: 2933: 2930: 2911: 2910: 2825: 2823: 2816: 2788: 2785: 2749:business model 2723:Increasingly, 2599:Main article: 2596: 2593: 2581:human cultures 2563:Westernization 2555:European Union 2483:FIFA World Cup 2370:Main article: 2367: 2364: 2330:has developed 2316:economic union 2308:European Union 2209:foreign owners 2174:Main article: 2171: 2168: 2112:liberalization 2036:middle classes 2009:trade barriers 1954: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1928: 1925: 1916:United Kingdom 1798:Spanish Empire 1774:Main article: 1771: 1768: 1749:, Europe, and 1689:and the other 1605:Western Europe 1577:Western states 1547:Main article: 1544: 1541: 1522:Main article: 1519: 1516: 1376:global studies 1372:Manfred Steger 1257:mondialisation 1247: 1244: 1090:transportation 1082:mondialisation 1053: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1042: 1035: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 965: 960: 959: 956: 955: 809: 808: 794: 789: 788: 785: 784: 781: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 719: 714: 713: 710: 709: 706: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 418:Astrosociology 415: 410: 405: 399: 394: 393: 390: 389: 386: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 349: 344: 343: 340: 339: 336: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 276: 271: 266: 264:Human behavior 261: 256: 250: 247: 246: 243: 242: 241: 240: 235: 230: 222: 221: 213: 212: 206: 205: 193:Atlantic Ocean 177:undersea cable 133:United Nations 119:to trade with 103: 102: 93: 92: 91: 82: 81: 73: 72: 71: 62: 61: 53: 52: 51: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15604: 15593: 15592:World history 15590: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15557:Globalization 15555: 15554: 15552: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15525: 15517: 15516: 15513: 15503: 15502:Vandana Shiva 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15479: 15477: 15471: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15454:Saskia Sassen 15452: 15450: 15449:George Ritzer 15447: 15445: 15444:Antonio Negri 15442: 15440: 15439:L. H. M. Ling 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15424:Michael Hardt 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15404:Alfred Crosby 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15346: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15334:Susan Strange 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15304:Robert W. Cox 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15291: 15289: 15281: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15264:Jeffrey Sachs 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15198: 15195: 15189: 15183: 15182:World-systems 15180: 15178: 15177:World history 15175: 15173: 15172:Social change 15170: 15168: 15165: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15152: 15151: 15150:Modernization 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15122: 15120: 15116: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15089: 15086: 15085: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15018: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14970: 14967: 14966: 14965: 14962: 14961: 14959: 14953: 14947: 14944: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14931: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14903: 14900: 14899: 14898: 14895: 14891: 14888: 14887: 14886: 14883: 14882: 14880: 14874: 14871: 14867: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14835: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14813:Global health 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14797: 14794: 14793: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14747: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14722: 14719: 14715: 14714:Globalization 14708: 14703: 14701: 14696: 14694: 14689: 14688: 14685: 14673: 14665: 14663: 14655: 14654: 14651: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14599:Photovoltaics 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14481: 14479: 14477: 14473: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14444: 14442: 14438: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14423: 14421: 14417: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14391: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14369: 14365: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14340: 14338: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14325: 14319: 14316: 14313: 14309: 14305: 14304:Protectionism 14302: 14300: 14297: 14294: 14290: 14289: 14284: 14280: 14277: 14276: 14274: 14272: 14268: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14256:Trade barrier 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14210: 14207: 14206: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14179:Organizations 14176: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14159:Trade justice 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14134:Globalization 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14069: 14064: 14062: 14057: 14055: 14050: 14049: 14046: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13978:PROSUR/PROSUL 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13873:Craiova Group 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13788:ABCANZ Armies 13786: 13785: 13783: 13777: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13730: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13717: 13714: 13713: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13703: 13701: 13699: 13695: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13616: 13615: 13612: 13606: 13603: 13602: 13601: 13598: 13594: 13593:Protestantism 13591: 13587: 13584: 13583: 13582: 13579: 13575: 13572: 13571: 13570: 13567: 13563: 13559: 13556: 13555: 13554: 13551: 13550: 13549: 13546: 13545: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13538: 13536: 13532: 13524: 13521: 13520: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13513:Sovereigntism 13511: 13509: 13506: 13502: 13501: 13497: 13496: 13495: 13492: 13488: 13485: 13484: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13437: 13436: 13433: 13429: 13426: 13425: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13408:Scholasticism 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13367: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13336: 13332: 13329: 13328: 13327: 13324: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13311: 13310: 13307: 13303: 13300: 13299: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13272: 13271: 13268: 13264: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13252: 13249: 13248: 13247: 13244: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13231: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13208: 13205: 13204: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13186: 13183: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13174: 13171: 13167: 13164: 13163: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13150: 13147: 13146: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13119: 13118: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13098: 13097:War on terror 13095: 13093: 13090: 13089: 13088: 13085: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12992: 12991: 12990:Modern period 12988: 12986: 12983: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12964: 12961: 12957: 12954: 12953: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12943: 12941: 12939: 12935: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12896: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12876: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12861: 12859: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12846:Western world 12840: 12835: 12833: 12828: 12826: 12821: 12820: 12817: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12740:Eco-socialism 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12692: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12650: 12646: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12615:Labour supply 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12582: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12533:Individualism 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12497: 12493: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12392: 12391:Laissez-faire 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12355:Authoritarian 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12342: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12305:Privatization 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12275:Merchantilism 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12245:Globalization 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12167: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12151: 12147: 12140: 12135: 12133: 12128: 12126: 12121: 12120: 12117: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12086: 12082: 12081: 12076: 12075:Globalization 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12060: 12057: 12054: 12053: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12033: 12028: 12027:Globalization 12023: 12014: 12013: 12005: 11984: 11980: 11977: 11973: 11970: 11966: 11963: 11959: 11956: 11952: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11937: 11936:Globalization 11933: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11921: 11917: 11914: 11910: 11906: 11903: 11899: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11882: 11878: 11873: 11870: 11866: 11863: 11859: 11856: 11852: 11851:The Historian 11848: 11845: 11841: 11838: 11834: 11832:(Brill, 2012) 11831: 11827: 11826: 11805: 11801: 11797: 11791: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11761: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11695:(1): 223–54. 11694: 11690: 11689: 11681: 11674: 11666: 11660: 11656: 11655: 11647: 11640: 11636: 11632: 11626: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11605: 11596: 11588: 11582: 11566: 11562: 11555: 11539: 11535: 11529: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11509: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11478: 11470: 11464: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11442: 11438: 11431: 11425: 11421: 11418: 11413: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11395: 11391: 11387: 11381: 11373: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11344: 11325: 11318: 11312: 11296: 11292: 11285: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11254: 11235: 11228: 11222: 11216: 11212: 11206: 11200: 11199:1-4020-4721-5 11196: 11190: 11184:Development). 11180: 11172: 11168: 11164: 11162:1-85984-504-5 11158: 11154: 11150: 11143: 11128: 11124: 11118: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11091: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11046: 11030: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11003: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10972: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10933:(4): 425–51. 10932: 10928: 10927: 10919: 10910: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10880: 10864: 10857: 10855: 10845: 10837: 10831: 10827: 10820: 10814: 10810: 10807: 10803: 10799: 10793: 10787: 10786: 10781: 10780: 10776: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10746:The Economist 10740: 10724: 10720: 10714: 10712: 10704: 10698: 10689: 10680: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10650: 10642: 10635: 10619: 10615: 10614:Global Policy 10611: 10604: 10588: 10584: 10580: 10574: 10566: 10562: 10558: 10551: 10532: 10525: 10518: 10502: 10498: 10492: 10483: 10481: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10455:"NAFTA at 10" 10450: 10434: 10430: 10424: 10416: 10410: 10406: 10405: 10400: 10399:Perkins, John 10394: 10386: 10380: 10376: 10375: 10370: 10364: 10348: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10326: 10324: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10287: 10283: 10275: 10259: 10255: 10251: 10244: 10229: 10223: 10219: 10215: 10214: 10206: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10171: 10152: 10145: 10139: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10117: 10111: 10104: 10099: 10093: 10089: 10082: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10057: 10053: 10046: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10009: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9963: 9959: 9952: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9917: 9909: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9884: 9883:Hoover Digest 9879: 9875: 9869: 9861: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9824:(4): 369–87. 9823: 9819: 9812: 9805: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9763: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9741: 9736: 9735: 9726: 9724: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9698:4-88907-012-5 9694: 9690: 9683: 9676: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9637: 9621: 9617: 9612: 9604: 9597: 9593: 9590: 9584: 9565: 9561: 9554: 9548: 9532: 9528: 9524: 9518: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9427: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9397: 9388: 9380: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9361: 9345: 9341: 9335: 9319: 9315: 9314:worldbank.org 9311: 9305: 9298: 9292: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9262: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9232: 9225: 9219: 9217: 9200: 9195: 9194:11250/2442076 9190: 9185: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9153: 9144: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9120: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9101: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9025: 9021: 9015: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8985: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8955: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8932:(6): 845–58. 8931: 8927: 8920: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8878: 8874: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8811: 8807: 8800: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8755: 8750: 8746: 8743: 8737: 8718: 8714: 8707: 8701: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8624:"immigration" 8619: 8608: 8601: 8595: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8561: 8555: 8540: 8536: 8533:(in German). 8532: 8528: 8521: 8512: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8489:(2): 208–23. 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8462: 8456: 8452: 8451: 8443: 8435: 8429: 8425: 8424: 8416: 8408: 8401: 8393: 8387: 8383: 8376: 8360: 8356: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8312: 8305: 8303: 8295: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8265: 8258: 8252: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8214: 8208: 8204: 8203: 8195: 8188: 8184: 8181: 8180:transcultural 8176: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8161:transcultural 8157: 8155: 8147: 8141: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8098: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8068: 8049: 8042: 8036: 8027: 8020: 8016: 8013: 8008: 8000: 7996: 7990: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7960: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7849: 7848: 7840: 7833: 7829: 7823: 7819: 7818: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7738: 7734: 7728: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7654: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7612: 7609: 7603: 7584: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7558: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7518: 7510: 7502: 7498: 7491: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7420: 7418: 7401: 7397: 7382: 7378: 7371: 7363: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7336: 7330: 7314: 7310: 7304: 7296: 7290: 7286: 7285: 7277: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7209: 7202: 7201:0-19-568909-7 7198: 7192: 7190: 7183:7 March 2018. 7182: 7180: 7175: 7169: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7037: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7015: 6999: 6995: 6994:The Economist 6991: 6985: 6983: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6957:"World Stats" 6952: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6918: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6864: 6856: 6850: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6791: 6784: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6751:Kabeer, Naila 6745: 6737: 6736: 6728: 6720: 6714: 6710: 6703: 6701: 6691: 6689: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6625: 6609: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6592: 6590: 6581: 6569: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6509: 6504: 6495: 6488: 6482: 6475: 6474:0-393-97942-3 6471: 6465: 6449: 6445: 6439: 6430: 6421: 6413: 6409: 6403: 6395: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6303: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6281:The Spectator 6277: 6276:"Globophobia" 6270: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6211: 6204: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6182: 6175: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6146:(2): 208–23. 6145: 6141: 6137: 6130: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6099: 6093: 6089: 6082: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6035: 6033: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6012: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5924: 5923: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5896:0-7456-0793-4 5892: 5888: 5881: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5836: 5835: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5766:0-393-97942-3 5762: 5758: 5754: 5753: 5745: 5737: 5733: 5726: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5605: 5598: 5597:0-691-07063-6 5594: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5492: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5423: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5393: 5385: 5379: 5375: 5374:10.17226/2134 5371: 5367: 5366: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5341:0-8039-8323-9 5337: 5333: 5332: 5324: 5322: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5282:(4): 417–34. 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5197:Vermeer's Hat 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5094:Global civics 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5045: 5040: 5037: 5031: 5026: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4963: 4957: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4946:deforestation 4943: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4927:air pollution 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4856:Deforestation 4853: 4848: 4847:Deforestation 4844: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4802: 4800: 4799:neoliberalism 4795: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4727: 4722: 4718: 4706: 4705:Credit Suisse 4702: 4699:Countries by 4697: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4602:postconsumers 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4460:neoliberalism 4457: 4452: 4449: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4379: 4378:campaigners. 4377: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4189:World citizen 4185: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4161: 4160:Global civics 4154:Global civics 4151: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4137:Douglas Roche 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4050:(1883–1946). 4049: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4022: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3948:mobile phones 3943: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3911:protectionism 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3889: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3871: 3868:of China and 3867: 3863: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3835:globalization 3832: 3831: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3795: 3792:December 2019 3783: 3778: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3702:ethnocentrism 3700: 3696: 3695:imperialistic 3692: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3649:Philosophical 3642: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3618: 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3049: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2987:Schengen Area 2984: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2959: 2954: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2926: 2921: 2918: 2907: 2904: 2896: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2854: – 2853: 2849: 2848:Find sources: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2826:This section 2824: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2809:into Ukraine. 2808: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2793: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2673:is a term in 2672: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2622: 2621:New York City 2618: 2613: 2608: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2543: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475:Olympic Games 2468: 2463: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2430: 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Hopkins 1783: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1737:Trade on the 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1566:civilizations 1560: 1555: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1531: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1502:technological 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482:labor markets 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297:Martin Albrow 1295:Sociologists 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1243: 1241: 1240:ethnocentrism 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1191:In 2000, the 1189: 1187: 1183: 1182:Saskia Sassen 1180: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1146:mobile phones 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078:globalization 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1062:globalisation 1059: 1058:Globalization 1048: 1043: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 984:Organizations 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 966: 963: 958: 957: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 933: · 932: 929: · 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 889: · 888: 885: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 821: · 820: 816: 813: 806: 802: 799: 796: 795: 792: 787: 786: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 738:Computational 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 717: 712: 711: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 643: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 483:Environmental 481: 478: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 433:Consciousness 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 400: 397: 392: 391: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 350: 347: 342: 341: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 313:Social equity 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 259:Globalization 257: 255: 252: 251: 245: 244: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 224: 223: 219: 215: 214: 211: 208: 207: 203: 202: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 161:Richmond Hill 158: 154: 150: 146: 145:New York City 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 97: 86: 77: 66: 57: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 15497:John R. Saul 15482:Noam Chomsky 15474:Non–academic 15414:Susan George 15409:Nancy Fraser 15379:Walden Bello 15324:David Harvey 15314:Stephen Gill 15234:Jayati Ghosh 15140:Earth system 15006:Human rights 14946:Water crisis 14843:early modern 14713: 14574:Live animals 14554:Gas turbines 14367:Asia-Pacific 14299:Mercantilism 14286: 14181:and policies 14133: 14023:Western Bloc 13823:AUSCANNZUKUS 13779:Contemporary 13728:Human rights 13574:Latin Church 13548:Christianity 13498: 13457:Conservatism 13302:contemporary 13139:Architecture 13075:World War II 13035:Emancipation 13030:Abolitionism 12918:Romanization 12913:Roman legacy 12894:Roman Empire 12686:Wage slavery 12640:Unemployment 12620:Productivity 12551:Philanthropy 12412:Mercantilist 12389: 12360:Conservative 12244: 12195:Deregulation 12156:perspectives 12154:Aspects and 12092: 12080:The Guardian 12078: 12036:Online books 12026: 12008: 11982: 11975: 11968: 11961: 11954: 11919: 11908: 11901: 11894: 11879:. Scribner. 11876: 11868: 11850: 11843: 11836: 11829: 11808:. Retrieved 11800:The Guardian 11799: 11790: 11778:. Retrieved 11769: 11760: 11748:. Retrieved 11734: 11722:. Retrieved 11692: 11686: 11673: 11653: 11646: 11630: 11625: 11609: 11604: 11595: 11569:. Retrieved 11554: 11542:. Retrieved 11538:the original 11528: 11513: 11508: 11496:. Retrieved 11487: 11477: 11436: 11430: 11393: 11389: 11380: 11353: 11349: 11343: 11331:. Retrieved 11311: 11299:. Retrieved 11284: 11272:. Retrieved 11263: 11253: 11241:. Retrieved 11234:the original 11221: 11205: 11189: 11179: 11152: 11142: 11130:. Retrieved 11126: 11117: 11100: 11096: 11090: 11055: 11051: 11045: 11033:. Retrieved 11029:the original 11016: 11012: 11002: 10990:. Retrieved 10981: 10971: 10930: 10924: 10918: 10909: 10899:19 September 10897:. Retrieved 10888: 10879: 10866:. Retrieved 10844: 10825: 10819: 10797: 10792: 10783: 10770: 10762: 10745: 10739: 10727:. Retrieved 10723:the original 10702: 10697: 10688: 10679: 10667:. 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Retrieved 5406:the original 5401: 5392: 5364: 5358: 5330: 5279: 5275: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5195: 5186:Triadization 5168: 5050:World portal 5001: 4982: 4975: 4966: 4958: 4915:water crises 4911:water supply 4899:conservation 4893: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4814: 4796: 4785:, including 4780: 4752:labor unions 4749: 4732: 4701:total wealth 4638: 4635:, as of 2018 4605: 4601: 4568:into school 4559: 4545: 4538: 4532: 4515: 4490:(FTAA), the 4456:human rights 4453: 4445: 4414: 4403: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4356: 4324: 4323: 4310: 4309: 4279: 4278: 4265:Barack Obama 4247: 4241: 4222: 4214: 4193:geopolitical 4173: 4126:Club of Rome 4099: 4068: 4052: 4037: 4018: 3992: 3952: 3944: 3936:Paul Krugman 3934:. Economist 3932:poverty trap 3892: 3891:In the book 3890: 3883: 3879: 3839: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3789: 3781: 3753:isolationism 3750: 3733: 3714: 3677: 3646: 3611: 3588: 3334:A.T. Kearney 3329: 3327: 3302: 3294: 3257: 3246: 3232: 3150:Arab States 3069: 3045: 2995: 2971: 2963: 2935: 2922: 2914: 2899: 2890: 2880: 2873: 2866: 2859: 2847: 2835:Please help 2830:verification 2827: 2796: 2780:North Korean 2776:isolationist 2773: 2753:philanthropy 2722: 2699: 2669: 2652:nation-state 2632:governmental 2625: 2575: 2567: 2559: 2547: 2540: 2519:chili pepper 2499: 2495:authenticity 2491: 2472: 2444:Christianity 2437: 2433:Albert Camus 2405: 2395: 2386: 2358: 2347: 2340: 2301: 2274: 2267: 2241: 2234: 2218: 2160: 2137: 2101: 2085: 2080:jet airliner 2066:World War II 2060: 2029: 1994: 1968:while rapid 1955: 1930: 1898: 1856:expansionism 1853: 1842: 1782:Early modern 1779: 1770:Early modern 1764:missionaries 1736: 1656: 1598: 1585:North Africa 1574: 1563: 1534: 1509: 1506: 1494:nation-state 1467: 1451:"flat world" 1444: 1421:, including 1400: 1370: 1365: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1346: 1338: 1333: 1323: 1321: 1300: 1294: 1289: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1256: 1249: 1233: 1197:transactions 1190: 1185: 1184:in her work 1172: 1161:modern times 1154: 1111: 1081: 1077: 1061: 1057: 1056: 969:Bibliography 883: 811: 810: 797: 763:Mathematical 743:Ethnographic 723:Quantitative 408:Architecture 346:Perspectives 318:Social power 258: 172: 149:Middle-right 148: 129:headquarters 124: 112: 104: 47: 15492:Naomi Klein 15374:Ulrich Beck 15349:Politics / 15339:Robert Wade 15329:Ronen Palan 15319:Peter Gowan 15269:Amartya Sen 15259:Dani Rodrik 15209:David Autor 15135:Development 15016:Imperialism 14964:Brain drain 14579:Natural gas 14544:Electronics 14539:Electricity 14149:Outsourcing 14082:Terminology 13963:Open Balkan 13781:integration 13711:Rule of law 13706:Natural law 13683:Agnosticism 13661:Hellenistic 13639:Anglo-Saxon 13569:Catholicism 13508:Atlanticism 13413:Rationalism 13219:Immigration 13202:Esotericism 13060:World War I 13025:Romanticism 13005:Reformation 12985:Renaissance 12963:Middle Ages 12928:Christendom 12857:Foundations 12805:Syndicalism 12725:Communalism 12590:Corporatism 12566:Rule of law 12513:Consumerism 12503:Advertising 12402:Libertarian 12380:Free-market 12350:Anglo-Saxon 12330:Wage labour 12280:Meritocracy 12230:Externality 12185:Competition 11724:29 November 10769:(May 2004) 10369:Bakan, Joel 9851:22 December 9665:29 November 9626:28 November 9537:28 November 9281:23 December 9251:23 December 8909:23 December 8726:23 December 8713:www.ilo.org 8690:7 September 8654:"immigrate" 8475:James, Paul 7979:20 February 7965:"Worldbeat" 7949:20 February 7863:tournament. 7666:(1): 7–16. 7528:20 December 7319:23 December 7134:(3): 3–30. 6761:(2): 1–33. 6677:11 November 6647:17 February 6614:17 February 5715:4 September 5690:4 September 5622:28 November 5264:James, Paul 5084:Franchising 5079:Eurasianism 4931:world ocean 4903:environment 4771:Los Angeles 4756:child labor 4562:consumerism 4529:Naomi Klein 4517:Corporatist 4470:(IMF), the 4442:, Indonesia 4197:citizenship 4019:Per capita 4010:child labor 3971:Martin Wolf 3727:towards an 3721:perceptions 3669:development 3548:Netherlands 3498:Switzerland 3386:Netherlands 3318:Measurement 3065:immigration 3009:naturalized 3001:citizenship 2997:Immigration 2925:maquiladora 2807:sex tourism 2503:world music 2440:evangelists 2420:Euro-Disney 2304:open border 2191:as of 2016. 2052:competition 1984:such as in 1982:imperialism 1691:Alexandrine 1657:The German 1642:Portuguese 1589:Middle East 1498:ideological 1459:outsourcing 1440:deregulated 1427:commodities 1367:world-time. 1207:movements, 1179:sociologist 1174:global city 1150:smartphones 1074:interaction 974:Terminology 943:Baudrillard 819:Tocqueville 733:Comparative 728:Qualitative 698:Victimology 528:Immigration 513:Generations 428:Criminology 175:: a map of 125:Middle-left 15582:Capitalism 15551:Categories 15434:Paul Hirst 15429:David Held 15294:Samir Amin 15284:Political 15219:Ravi Batra 15160:history of 15155:ecological 15130:Dependency 15078:Offshoring 15041:scientific 15031:linguistic 14996:Fair trade 14976:Care drain 14929:Tax havens 14924:Population 14833:History of 14619:Telephones 14283:Adam Smith 14279:Free trade 14261:Trade bloc 14236:ATA Carnet 14124:Fair trade 13983:Rio Treaty 13494:Relativism 13452:Liberalism 13418:Empiricism 13370:Philosophy 13358:Secularism 13309:Philosophy 13246:Literature 13040:Capitalism 12694:Antithesis 12625:Prosperity 12600:Employment 12547:Mainstream 12538:Liberalism 12462:Regulatory 12437:Neoliberal 12385:Humanistic 12370:Democratic 12325:Regulation 12190:Depression 12146:Capitalism 11149:Bové, José 10754:2171135679 10469:7 February 10308:Roy Harrod 10292:25 October 9968:22 January 9136:(2): 237. 9090:21 January 8994:Al Jazeera 8824:1239982517 8791:1135909636 7799:11 October 7107:3 November 7081:3 November 6476:pp. 4–5, 7 6292:29 October 6248:The Nation 5435:(3): 1–3. 5210:References 5089:Free trade 4860:Madagascar 4841:See also: 4662:solidarity 4645:fair trade 4480:free trade 4478:(WTO) and 4464:World Bank 4371:neoliberal 4168:See also: 4110:David Held 4060:fair trade 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