International relations

3056: 2688: 1784:, with no overarching power restricting the behaviour of sovereign states. As a consequence, states are engaged in a continuous power struggle, where they seek to augment their own military capabilities, economic power, and diplomacy relative to other states; this in order to ensure the protection of their political system, citizens, and vital interests. The realist framework further assumes that states act as unitary, rational actors, where central decision makers in the state apparatus ultimately stand for most of the state's foreign policy decisions. International organizations are in consequence merely seen as tools for individual states used to further their own interests, and are thought to have little power in shaping states' foreign policies on their own. 2330:

focus of IR on states, wars, diplomacy and security, but feminist IR scholars have also emphasized the importance of looking at how gender shapes the current global political economy. In this sense, there is no clear cut division between feminists working in IR and those working in the area of International Political Economy (IPE). From its inception, feminist IR has also theorized extensively about men and, in particular, masculinities. Many IR feminists argue that the discipline is inherently masculine in nature. For example, in her article "Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals" Signs (1988), Carol Cohn claimed that a highly masculinized culture within the defense establishment contributed to the divorcing of war from human emotion.

1841:. To improve society, it is first necessary to understand the laws by which society lives. The operation of these laws being impervious to our preferences, persons will challenge them only at the risk of failure. Realism, believing as it does in the objectivity of the laws of politics, must also believe in the possibility of developing a rational theory that reflects, however imperfectly and one-sidedly, these objective laws. It believes also, then, in the possibility of distinguishing in politics between truth and opinion—between what is true objectively and rationally, supported by evidence and illuminated by reason, and what is only a subjective judgment, divorced from the facts as they are and informed by prejudice and wishful thinking. 2160:

theoretical insights to how the conflict between the nations was conducted during the Cold War. E.g., prominent US policy makers frequently spoke of the USSR as an 'evil empire', and thus socialised the US population and state apparatus into an anti-communist sentiment, which defined the norms conducted in US foreign policy. Other constructivist analyses include the discourses on European integration; senior policy-making circles were socialised into ideas of Europe as an historical and cultural community, and therefore sought to construct institutions to integrate European nations into a single political body. Constructivism is also present in the analysis of

2572: 2602:'s continued rapid economic growth—it became the world's second-largest economy in 2010—respectable international position, and the power the Chinese government exerts over its people (consisting of the second largest population in the world), resulted in debate over whether China is now a superpower or a possible candidate in the future. However, China's strategic force unable of projecting power beyond its region and its nuclear arsenal of 250 warheads (compared to 7,315+ of the United States) mean that the unipolarity will persist in the policy-relevant future. 3316: 1336: 2897: 51: 3531: 6340: 2315:, which argue that developed countries, in their pursuit of power, appropriate developing states through international banking, security and trade agreements and unions on a formal level, and do so through the interaction of political and financial advisors, missionaries, relief aid workers, and MNCs on the informal level, in order to integrate them into the capitalist system, strategically appropriating undervalued natural resources and labor hours and fostering economic and political dependence. 71: 7033: 2224:

Post-structuralism has garnered both significant praise and criticism, with its critics arguing that post-structuralist research often fails to address the real-world problems that international relations studies is supposed to contribute to solving. Constructivist theory (see above) is the most prominent strand of post-structuralism. Other prominent post-structuralist theories are Marxism, dependency theory, feminism, and the theories of the English school. See also

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scholarship have sought to problematize the politics of knowledge construction within the discipline—often by adopting methodologies of deconstructivism associated with postmodernism/poststructuralism. However, the growing influence of feminist and women-centric approaches within the international policy communities (for example at the World Bank and the United Nations) is more reflective of the liberal feminist emphasis on equality of opportunity for women.

6997: 7022: 1262:, law, economics or world history. As a subdiscipline of political science, the focus of IR studies lies on political, diplomatic and security connections among states, as well as the study of modern political world history. In many academic institutions, studies of IR are thus situated in the department of politics/social sciences. This is for example the case in Scandinavia, where international relations are often simply referred to as 7009: 3331: 1468:

establishing the rarely if ever fulfilled ideal that all people speaking one language should belong to one state only. The same claim to sovereignty was made for both forms of nation-state. In Europe today, few states conform to either definition of nation-state: many continue to have royal sovereigns, and hardly any are ethnically homogeneous.

2587:, and has been applied retrospectively by theorists. However, the term bipolar was notably used by Stalin who said he saw the international system as a bipolar one with two opposing power bases and ideologies. Consequently, the international system prior to 1945 can be described as multipolar, with power being shared among 1824:, is considered a foundational text of the realist school of political philosophy. There is debate over whether Thucydides himself was a realist; Richard Ned Lebow has argued that seeing Thucydides as a realist is a misinterpretation of a more complex political message within his work. Amongst others, philosophers like 2513:, these entities have the potential to significantly influence the outcome of any international transaction. Additionally, this also includes the individual person as while the individual is what constitutes the states collective entity, the individual does have the potential to also create unpredicted behaviours. 2033:(some times referred to as neoliberalism) shows how cooperation can be achieved in international relations even if neorealist assumptions apply (states are the key actors in world politics, the international system is anarchic, and states pursue their self interest). Liberal institutionalists highlight the role of 2219:. Post-structuralism explores the deconstruction of concepts traditionally not problematic in IR (such as "power" and "agency") and examines how the construction of these concepts shapes international relations. The examination of "narratives" plays an important part in poststructuralist analysis; for example, 2429:

of sovereignty is indicated by a sovereign's obligation to other sovereigns, interdependence and dependence to take place. While throughout world history there have been instances of groups lacking or losing sovereignty, such as African nations prior to decolonization or the occupation of Iraq during the

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in 1576, the three pivotal points derived from the book describe sovereignty as being a state, that the sovereign power(s) have absolute power over their territories, and that such a power is only limited by the sovereign's "own obligations towards other sovereigns and individuals". Such a foundation

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are considered to have contributed to the realist philosophy. However, while their work may support realist doctrine, it is not likely that they would have classified themselves as realists in this sense. Political realism believes that politics, like society, is governed by objective laws with roots

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In contrast to realism, the liberal framework emphasises that states, although they are sovereign, do not exist in a purely anarchical system. Rather, liberal theory assumes that states are institutionally constrained by the power of international organisations, and mutually dependent on one another

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is the practice of communication and negotiation between representatives of states. To some extent, all other tools of international relations can be considered the failure of diplomacy. Keeping in mind, the use of other tools are part of the communication and negotiation inherent within diplomacy.

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Feminist IR considers the ways that international politics affects and is affected by both men and women and also at how the core concepts that are employed within the discipline of IR (e.g. war, security, etc.) are themselves gendered. Feminist IR has not only concerned itself with the traditional

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makes continuous military power struggle irrational, as states are dependent on participation in the global trade system to ensure their own survival. As such, the liberal framework stresses cooperation between states as a fundamental part of the international system. States are not seen as unitary

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is the preponderance of power at one pole in the international system, and the theory argues this is a stable configuration because of mutual gains by both the dominant power and others in the international system. This is contrary to many neorealist arguments, particularly made by Waltz, stating

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is a state's action in relation to other states where it seeks to gain advantage or benefits to itself. National interest, whether aspirational or operational, is divided by core/vital and peripheral/non-vital interests. Core or vital interests constitute the things which a country is willing to

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Feminist IR emerged largely from the late 1980s onward. The end of the Cold War and the re-evaluation of traditional IR theory during the 1990s opened up a space for gendering International Relations. Because feminist IR is linked broadly to the critical project in IR, by and large most feminist

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Constructivism is part of critical theory, and as such seeks to criticise the assumptions underlying traditional IR theory. Constructivist theory would for example claim that the state leaders of the United States and Soviet Union were socialised into different roles and norms, which can provide

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A handful of states have moved beyond insistence on full sovereignty, and can be considered "post-modern". The ability of contemporary IR discourse to explain the relations of these different types of states is disputed. "Levels of analysis" is a way of looking at the international system, which

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increasingly became its synonym. An alternative model of the nation-state was developed in reaction to the French republican concept by the Germans and others, who instead of giving the citizenry sovereignty, kept the princes and nobility, but defined nation-statehood in ethnic-linguistic terms,

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The lines between IR and other political science subfields is sometimes blurred, in particular when it comes to the study of conflict, institutions, political economy and political behavior. The division between comparative politics and international relations is artificial, as processes within

2283:, which followed Marx's concern with the conditions that allow for social change and the establishment of rational institutions. Their emphasis on the "critical" component of theory was derived significantly from their attempt to overcome the limits of positivism. Modern-day proponents such as 1272:

refers to the broader multidisciplinary field of global politics, law, economics and history, the subject may be studied across multiple departments, or be situated in its own department, as is the case at for example the London School of Economics. An undergraduate degree in multidisciplinary

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In recent decades, IR has increasingly addressed environmental concerns such as climate change, deforestation, and biodiversity loss, recognizing their implications for global security and diplomacy. Once peripheral, these issues have gained prominence due to their global impact. Multilateral

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is derived from the liberal tradition that argues that international institutions or regimes affect the behaviour of states (or other international actors). It assumes that cooperation is possible in the anarchic system of states, indeed, regimes are by definition, instances of international

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international politics is concerned with the special kind of power relationships that exist in a community lacking an overriding authority; international economics deals with trade relations across national boundaries that are complicated by the uncontrolled actions of sovereign states; and

2844:, or are revisionist—i.e., want change. Revisionist states seek to fundamentally change the rules and practices of international relations, feeling disadvantaged by the status quo. They see the international system as a largely western creation which serves to reinforce current realities. 1732:

details the historical imbrication of IR in the projects of colonial administration and imperialism, while other scholars have traced the emergence of International Relations in relation to the consolidation of newly independent nation-states within the non-West, such as Brazil and India.

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work has examined the role that "women" play in global society and how they are constructed in war as "innocent" and "civilians". Rosenberg's article "Why is there no International Historical Sociology" was a key text in the evolution of this strand of international relations theory.

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of 1713 is thought to reflect an emerging norm that sovereigns had no internal equals within a defined territory and no external superiors as the ultimate authority within the territory's sovereign borders. These principles underpin the modern international legal and political order.

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Black, R., Busby, J., Dabelko, G. D., De Coning, C., Maalim, H., McAllister, C., Ndiloseh, M., Smith, D., Cóbar, J. F. A., Barnhoorn, A., Bell, N., Bell-Moran, D., Broek, E., Eberlein, A., Eklöw, K., Faller, J., Gadnert, A., Hegazi, F., Kim, K., . . . Staudenmann, J. A. (2022).

2711:, stating that a set of core states exploit a set of weaker periphery states for their prosperity. Various versions of the theory suggest that this is either an inevitability (standard dependency theory), or use the theory to highlight the necessity for change (Neo-Marxist). 1765:

Within the study of international relations, there exists multiple theories seeking to explain how states and other actors operate within the international system. These can generally be divided into the three main strands of realism, liberalism, and constructivism.

2679:, particularly with international economic interaction. The role of international institutions, and widespread acceptance of a number of operating principles in the international system, reinforces ideas that relations are characterized by interdependence. 2496:

In the 21st century, the status-quo of the international system is no longer monopolized by states alone. Rather, it is the presence of non-state actors, who autonomously act to implement unpredictable behaviour to the international system. Whether it is

2372:. Theorists have focused particularly on humanitarian intervention, and are subdivided between solidarists, who tend to advocate it more, and pluralists, who place greater value in order and sovereignty. Nicholas Wheeler is a prominent solidarist, while 2730:

are usually a first resort after the failure of diplomacy, and are one of the main tools used to enforce treaties. They can take the form of diplomatic or economic sanctions and involve the cutting of ties and imposition of barriers to communication or

1688:. In 1922, Georgetown University graduated its first class of the Master of Science in Foreign Service (MSFS) degree, making it the first international relations graduate program in the United States. This was soon followed by the establishment of the 1724:

nations shape international processes, and international processes shape processes within states. Some scholars have called for an integration of the fields. Comparative politics does not have similar "isms" as international relations scholarship.

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are perhaps the best known pluralists. Some English school theoreticians have used historical cases in order to show the influence that normative frameworks have on the evolution of the international political order at various critical junctures.

1284:, Frederick S. Dunn wrote that IR was about "relations that take place across national boundaries" and "between autonomous political groups in a world system". Dunn wrote that unique elements characterized IR and separated it from other subfields: 4639: 2155:

noted in response to realism that "anarchy is what states make of it". By this he means that the anarchic structure that realists claim governs state interaction is in fact a phenomenon that is socially constructed and reproduced by states.

1971:, who argued that states mutually gained from cooperation and that war was so destructive as to be essentially futile. Liberalism was not recognized as a coherent theory as such until it was collectively and derisively termed idealism by 2821:

means that democratic countries will not go to war with each other. The justifications for this are that democracies externalize their norms and only go to war for just causes, and that democracy encourages mutual trust and respect.

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defend or expand with conflict such as territory, ideology (religious, political, economic), or its citizens. Peripheral or non-vital are interests which a state is willing to compromise. For example, in Germany's annexation of the

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Critical scholarship in International Relations has explored the relationship between the institutionalization of International Relations as an academic discipline and the demands of national governments. Robert Vitalis's book

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The level beneath that of the unit (state) can be useful both for explaining factors in international relations that other theories fail to explain, and for moving away from a state-centric view of international relations.

2741:, with war being "the continuation of politics by other means". There is a growing study into "new wars" involving actors other than states. The study of war in international relations is covered by the disciplines of " 2367:

International society theory, also called the English school, focuses on the shared norms and values of states and how they regulate international relations. Examples of such norms include diplomacy, order, and

6154: 2533:, the alignment of several nations to one side or another based on ideological differences or national interests has become an endemic feature of international relations. Unlike prior, shorter-term blocs, the 1431:, European organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Contrary to popular belief, Westphalia still embodied layered systems of sovereignty, especially within the 2247:

theories of IR reject the realist/liberal view of state conflict or cooperation; instead focusing on the economic and material aspects. It makes the assumption that the economy trumps other concerns, making

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would challenge a hegemon after a certain period, resulting in a major war. It suggests that while hegemony can control the occurrence of wars, it also results in the creation of one. Its main proponent,

1498:. The use of capitalizations of the "I" and "R" in international relations aims to distinguish the academic discipline of international relations from the phenomena of international relations. Many cite 5548:

Editors: Siom Mukkonen & Pekka Suutari. Ashgate Books, 2016 See Introduction & Chapter 1 – Introduction to the Logic of East-West Artistic Interactions -Cultural Diplomacy on books.google.com.

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The realist framework is traditionally associated with the analysis of power-politics, and has been used to analyze the conflicts between states in the early European state-system; the causes of the

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Area studies are the divisional parts of international studies in which various geopolitical regions are studied in detail. Many university departments are offering area studies in diverse titles.

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at LSE and at Oxford gave further impetus to the academic study of international relations. Furthermore, the International History department at LSE developed a focus on the history of IR in the

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Religion can have an effect on the way a state acts within the international system, and different theoretical perspectives treat it in somewhat different fashion. One dramatic example is the

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The concept of power in international relations can be described as the degree of resources, capabilities, and influence in international affairs. It is often divided up into the concepts of

1807:. In settings such as these the realist framework carries great interpretative insights in explaining how the military and economic power struggles of states lead to larger armed conflicts. 1684:

The first university entirely dedicated to the study of IR was the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, which was founded in 1927 to form diplomats associated to the

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predicts that conflict should be the norm in international relations, regime theorists say that there is cooperation despite anarchy. Often they cite cooperation in trade, human rights and

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Sanctions, force, and adjusting trade regulations, while not typically considered part of diplomacy, are actually valuable tools in the interest of leverage and placement in negotiations.

2144:, and the leaders of international organisations, are socialised into different roles and systems of norms, which define how the international system operates. The constructivist scholar 6212: 2675:

Many advocate that the current international system is characterized by growing interdependence; the mutual responsibility and dependency on others. Advocates of this point to growing

2860:(1618–1648) that ravaged much of Europe, which was at least partly motivated by theological differences within Christianity. Religion is a major organizing principle particularly for 2953:) and other actors which do not consider themselves to fit with the defined state boundaries. This is particularly useful in the context of the pre-modern world of weak states. 4040: 2803:

As a level of analysis the unit level is often referred to as the state level, as it locates its explanation at the level of the state, rather than the international system.

1483:. However, this is somewhat over-simplified. While the nation-state system is considered "modern", many states have not incorporated the system and are termed "pre-modern". 2553:

under Soviet policy sought to spread communism. After the Cold War, and the dissolution of the ideologically homogeneous Eastern Bloc still gave rise to others such as the

4427: 3598: 1745:, reflect a growing consensus that environmental degradation requires coordinated international responses, shaping diplomatic priorities and global governance frameworks. 1689: 2904: 2884:

have made the role of religion in international relations a major topic. China's reemergence as a major international power is believed by some scholars to be shaped by

1658: 2923:, as can the role of misperception between various actors. A prominent application of sub-unit level psychological factors in international relations is the concept of 3986: 3467: 2956:

Science, technology and international relations – How science and technology impact global health, business, environment, technology, and development.

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is an example of a state that has gone from being a revisionist state to one that is satisfied with the status quo, because the status quo is now beneficial to it.

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offered the first accounts of universal entitlement to certain rights on the basis of common humanity. In the 20th century, in addition to contemporary theories of

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from 1795. In it, he postulates that states, over time, through increased political and economic cooperation, will come to resemble an international federation—a

2617:, the thought being that by balancing power blocs it would create stability and prevent war. Theories of the balance of power gained prominence again during the 2406:. Focusing on the systemic level of international relations is often, but not always, the preferred method for neo-realists and other structuralist IR analysts. 3393: 3120:, and social equity"; It is the most prominent international institution. Many of the legal institutions follow the same organizational structure as the UN. 1913:

are taken to, over time, have developed power and influence to shape the foreign policies of individual states. Furthermore, the existence of the globalised

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includes the individual level, the domestic state as a unit, the international level of transnational and intergovernmental affairs, and the global level.

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The mobilization of international shame can also be thought of as a tool of international relations. This is attempting to alter states' actions through '

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contributed the idea that the citizenry of a state, defined as the nation, that were sovereign, rather than a monarch or noble class. A state wherein the

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Editors: Len Ang, Yudhishthir Raj Isar, Philip Mar. Routledge, UK 2016 Chapter 1 – Cultural Diplomacy- Beyond the National Interest? on google.books.com.

3293: 3413: 2919:, and that there may be other influences on foreign policy decisions. Examining the role of personalities in the decision-making process can have some 4686: 1088:) is an academic discipline. In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns all activities among states—such as 7071: 2579:

Polarity in international relations refers to the arrangement of power within the international system. The concept arose from bipolarity during the

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actors, but pluralistic arenas where interest groups, non-governmental organisations, and economic actors also shape the creation of foreign policy.

5680: 2488:, Czechoslovakia was willing to relinquish territory which was considered ethnically German in order to preserve its own integrity and sovereignty. 2099:, who defines regimes as "principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actor expectations converge in a given issue-area". 1374:, as the first fully-fledged international system. Analyses of the foreign policies of sovereign city states have been done in ancient times, as in 7439: 5053: 3373: 3248: 2362: 1717: 4078: 3228: 2811:

It is often considered that a state's form of government can dictate the way that a state interacts with others in the international relation.

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Religious, ethnic, and secessionist groups – Viewing these aspects of the sub-unit level has explanatory power with regards to

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Mingst, Karen A., & Arreguín-Toft, Ivan M. (2011). Essentials of International Relations (5th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

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were the first institutions in Canada to offer an undergraduate and a graduate program in international studies and affairs, respectively.

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have developed hybrid theories which take a realist based approach to this fundamentally liberal theory. (Realists do not say cooperation

2610: 1933:, was thought to have made the realist analysis of power and conflict inadequate in explaining the workings of the international system. 1109: 4145: 2517:, as an example of a non-state actor, has significantly influenced the way states (and non-state actors) conduct international affairs. 7546: 3462: 676: 6343: 3937: 2124:

The constructivist framework rests on the fundamental assumption that the international system is built on social constructs; such as

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Mingst, Karen A., & Snyder, Jack L. (2011). Essential Readings in World Politics (4th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

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to argue that the international system could remain stable in the absence of a hegemon, thus rebutting hegemonic stability theory.

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Preceding the concepts of interdependence and dependence, international relations relies on the idea of sovereignty. Described in

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in decision-making, and sees decisions as a result of bureaucratic infighting, and as having been shaped by various constraints.

2864:, whereas secularism sits at the other end of the spectrum, with the separation of state and religion being responsible for the 7454: 6276: 5990: 5589: 3168: 2865: 2737:, the use of force, is often thought of as the ultimate tool of international relations. A popular definition is that given by 2239: 1956: 1780:

The realist framework of international relations rests on the fundamental assumption that the international state system is an

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The case of Gilpin proved to be correct and Waltz's article titled "The Stability of a Bipolar World" was followed in 1999 by

2629:. Here, the concepts of balancing (rising in power to counter another) and bandwagonning (siding with another) are developed. 7064: 6260: 5849: 5567: 5420: 4981: 4926: 4901: 4844: 4809: 4774: 4706: 4539: 3855: 1471:

The particular European system supposing the sovereign equality of states was exported to the Americas, Africa, and Asia via

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Psychological factors in international relations – Understanding a state is not a "black box" as proposed by

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from the nation-state. Hence, it is "critical" of mainstream IR theories that tend to be both positivist and state-centric.

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Charlotte Hooper "Masculinities, IR and the 'Gender Variable': A Cost-Benefit Analysis for (Sympathetic) Gender Sceptics".

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in 1991 had led to unipolarity, with the United States as a sole superpower, although many refuse to acknowledge the fact.

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the fundamental level of analysis. Marxists view the international system as an integrated capitalist system in pursuit of

1889: 1701: 1180: 1042: 5699:"Culturologie Politique Internationale: Une approche systémique et matérialiste de la culture et du système social global" 1645:

is the oldest continuously operating school for international affairs in the United States, founded in 1919. In 1927, the

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among other issues. These instances of cooperation are regimes. The most commonly cited definition of regimes comes from

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in response to the ability of states to control and limit war in their international relations. Early adherents include

1665:, Switzerland. This was rapidly followed by establishment of IR at universities in the US. The creation of the posts of 7214: 7204: 5121: 3646: 3566: 3183: 2566: 2526: 2403: 1742: 1352: 1330: 1322: 1273:

international relations may lead to a more specialised master's degree of either international politics, economics, or

7510: 7464: 7141: 6325: 5813: 5627: 5022: 4405: 3697: 3561: 3378: 3298: 2916: 2780: 2088: 1775: 1712:, opened its doors in 1933 as the first graduate-only school of international affairs in the United States. In 1965, 1314: 1176: 544: 31: 2644:

that the end of the Cold War and the state of unipolarity is an unstable configuration that will inevitably change.

7541: 7057: 7013: 5785: 1816: 1514: 1494:, and is dealt with in more detail below. IR theory, however, has a long tradition of drawing on the work of other 150: 7505: 7364: 6949: 5354:

Krasner, Stephen D., ed. 1983. "Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables." In

3388: 3303: 3268: 3233: 2959: 2595: 2442: 1642: 1223: 38: 7037: 7426: 7181: 6906: 6560: 6401: 3496: 3442: 1910: 1754: 1624: 933: 669: 539: 317: 165: 4956: 4599:"Theorizing the European Union: International Organization, Domestic Polity, or Experiment in New Governance?" 4173:

Vol. 9 (2004); Krasner, Stephen D.: "Westphalia and all that" in Judith Goldstein & Robert Keohane (eds):

3770: 2455:, hard power relating primarily to coercive power, such as the use of force, and soft power commonly covering 6513: 6369: 6067: 3238: 2765: 554: 5592:

p. 3-13 Introduction – cultural diplomacy (around the world before and during the cold war) on google.books.

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The liberal framework is associated with analysis of the globalised world as it emerged in the aftermath of

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is sovereign would thence be termed a nation-state, as opposed to a monarchy or a religious state; the term

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has also been recognized by governments as an important tool in the development of international relations.

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and the "standards of civilization". The contemporary international system was finally established through

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and its aftermath provoked greater interest and scholarship in international relations, particularly in

1194:, it did not become a discrete field until 1919, when it was first offered as an undergraduate major by 62:, Switzerland, hosted more than 10,000 intergovernmental meetings. The city hosts the highest number of 7515: 7324: 7101: 6272:(1995), not a memoir but an interpretive history of international diplomacy since the late 18th century 4724:"Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics" 3613: 3139: 3101: 3074: 2667:, argued this based on the occurrence of previous wars during British, Portuguese, and Dutch hegemony. 2636: 2498: 2150: 2034: 1646: 1632: 1105: 1000: 907: 140: 111: 63: 1567:. Though contemporary human rights is considerably different from the type of rights envisioned under 6668: 6396: 5767: 4640:"Rationalizing Politics: The Emerging Synthesis of International, American, and Comparative Politics" 4070: 3653: 3491: 3368: 2506: 2133: 1117: 662: 267: 5484: 2541:

sought to spread their national ideological differences to other nations. Leaders like US President

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Not all approaches to regime theory, however, are liberal or neoliberal; some realist scholars like

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concepts are those broad concepts that define and shape an international milieu, characterized by

1657:: this was the first institute to offer a wide range of degrees in the field. That same year, the 7490: 7302: 7032: 6699: 6318:

The Discipline of Western Supremacy: Modes of Foreign Relations and Political Economy, Volume III

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Western Dominance in International Relations?: The Internationalisation of IR in Brazil and India

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and at Columbia University in 1910. By 1920, there were four universities that taught courses on

1564: 1534: 1413: 1148: 772: 5111: 4560:"Politics like any other? Comparative politics, international relations and the study of the EU" 2571: 6921: 6641: 6469: 6170: 5526: 5179: 3784: 3447: 3358: 3113: 3044: 2990: 2969: – Looks at how culture and cultural variables impact in international relations 1929:, as well as economic cooperation through institutions such as the WTO, the World Bank and the 1697: 1674: 1620: 1616: 1419:

The establishment of modern sovereign states as fundamental political units traces back to the

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What is explicitly recognized as international relations theory was not developed until after

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Morin, Jean-Frederic and Jonathan Paquin, Foreign Policy Analysis: A Toolbox, Palgrave, 2018.

4698: 3243: 2996: 2832:, which similarly would lead to peaceful coexistence, based on a proletarian global society. 2757: 1693: 1638: 1560: 1156: 1140: 1132: 978: 917: 369: 202: 5803: 5617: 4615: 4598: 4395: 3142:

consisting of 57 member states. The organisation attempts to be the collective voice of the

1627:. International politics courses were established at the University of Wisconsin in 1899 by 1230:

in the late 20th century have presaged new theories and evaluations of the rapidly changing

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The existence of power blocs in international relations is a significant factor related to

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due to being inherently critical of traditional IR frameworks) developed in the 1980s from

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The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers Economic Change and Military Conflict From 1500–2000

5332: 5315: 5226: 3958: 3823: 3806: 3146:(Ummah) and attempts to safeguard the interests and ensure the progress and well-being of 2790:

The mutual exchange of ideas, information, art, music, and language among nations through

8: 7404: 7399: 7262: 6971: 6965: 6891: 6806: 6751: 6626: 6491: 6437: 6220: 6035: 5711: 5663: 5584:

Editors: Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht & Mark C. Donfried. Berghahn Books , Oxford 2010

4919:

International relations in the anthropocene: new agendas, new agencies and new approaches

4166: 4113: 3623: 3593: 3578: 3261: 2784: 2756:' at the international level. This is mostly done by the large human rights NGOs such as 2738: 2296: 2092: 1670: 1628: 1612: 1604: 1420: 1401:

published in 1532, where he analyzed the foreign policy of the renaissance city state of

1255: 1231: 1113: 912: 811: 788: 692: 591: 501: 355: 257: 207: 145: 5730:

Xintian, Yu (2009), "Combining Research on Cultural Theory and International Relations".

4531:

Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order

7235: 6916: 6481: 6310:(1954) (Oxford History of Modern Europe) 638pp; history and analysis of major diplomacy 6303:(Oxford History of Modern Europe) (1994) 920pp; history and analysis of major diplomacy 6237: 6052: 5393: 5296: 5288: 5171: 5092: 5084: 5047: 4745: 4667: 4376: 4329: 4321: 4263: 4022: 4014: 3677:

François Modoux, "La Suisse engagera 300 millions pour rénover le Palais des Nations",

3556: 3029: 2791: 2761: 2433:, there is still a need for sovereignty in terms of assessing international relations. 2180: 1857: 1709: 1030: 948: 943: 728: 629: 222: 6201:

Alexander, F. (1998). Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Oxford University Press

4883: 4766:

White World Order, Black Power Politics: The Birth of American International Relations

1289:

international law is law that is based on voluntary acceptance by independent nations.

7551: 7500: 7369: 7334: 7277: 7245: 7162: 6886: 6881: 6869: 6864: 6736: 6726: 6646: 6589: 6533: 6321: 6313: 5845: 5809: 5623: 5585: 5563: 5416: 5397: 5385: 5337: 5280: 5163: 5117: 5096: 5018: 4922: 4897: 4850: 4840: 4815: 4805: 4780: 4770: 4702: 4671: 4659: 4620: 4579: 4535: 4401: 4380: 4368: 4333: 4313: 4271: 4267: 4255: 4233: 4100:

International Systems in World History: Remaking the Study of International Relations

4026: 4006: 3861: 3851: 3828: 3658: 3198: 3109: 2950: 2920: 2900: 2746: 2704: 2664: 2648: 2476: 2377: 2308: 2265: 2161: 1980: 1685: 1654: 1650: 1607:

in 1919 with the founding of the first IR professorship: the Woodrow Wilson Chair at

1456: 1436: 1432: 1379: 1344: 1274: 1251: 1172: 1160: 1124: 938: 902: 876: 806: 738: 624: 298: 160: 155: 116: 89: 55: 5300: 4740: 4723: 3721: 3315: 2768:

1235 procedure, which publicly exposes state's human rights violations. The current

2467:

influence. However, there is no clear dividing line between the two forms of power.

1335: 7520: 7389: 7312: 6901: 6746: 6721: 6528: 6518: 6508: 6063: 6043: 6023: 5842:

Globalization: The politics of global economic relations and international business

5829: 5377: 5327: 5272: 5155: 5076: 4889: 4749: 4735: 4694: 4651: 4610: 4571: 4507: 4360: 4348: 4305: 4245: 3998: 3818: 3324: 3034: 3016: 3011: 2993:(Also variably known as Near Eastern studies, West Asian studies, and Arab studies) 2896: 2829: 2606: 2485: 2284: 2280: 2184: 2003: 1999: 1955:; which will be characterised by continual peace and cooperation. In modern times, 1952: 1877: 1705: 1383: 574: 330: 184: 4989: 4364: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7257: 6911: 6678: 6673: 6486: 6135: 6031: 5978:

Anarchy & Order: The Interplay of Politics and Law in International Relations

5719: 5698: 5684: 5669: 5658: 5368:

Rosenberg, Justin (2006). "Why is There No International Historical Sociology?".

4888:. Frontiers in International Relations. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 4529: 3903: 3618: 3608: 3522: 3039: 3001: 2938: 2546: 2542: 2276: 2200: 2196: 2165: 2145: 2096: 1946: 1861: 1738: 1713: 1448: 1444: 1259: 1191: 990: 897: 881: 821: 652: 634: 459: 444: 50: 6013: 4236:[From Liberalism to Neorealism. A Discussion Around Classical Realism]. 4188: 3530: 2279:" to international relations. Early critical theorists were associated with the 1984: 7146: 7026: 6874: 6786: 6781: 6538: 6459: 6454: 6385: 6191: 6155:

The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations

6126: 6100: 6003: 5995: 5983: 5113:

The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations

4555: 3218: 3213: 3097: 3091: 2942: 2776: 2753: 2350: 2312: 2261: 2058: 2049: 2045: 1964: 1926: 1902: 1600: 1504: 1495: 1476: 1348: 1294: 1211: 1199: 1101: 963: 530: 449: 403: 345: 75: 6213:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) § Further reading

5080: 4893: 4819: 4575: 3865: 2176:, are socialised into international organisations, and stipulated into rules. 1123:

International relations is generally classified as a major multidiscipline of

7535: 6977: 6933: 6896: 6826: 6801: 6711: 6609: 6555: 6550: 6339: 6117: 6109: 6091: 5991:

On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society

5987:

On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society

5931: 5872: 5389: 5381: 5341: 5284: 5167: 4854: 4784: 4663: 4624: 4583: 4372: 4317: 4259: 4010: 3832: 3163: 3068: 2861: 2676: 2639:

also draws upon the idea of polarity, specifically the state of unipolarity.

2632: 2622: 2342: 2288: 2137: 2103: 2080: 2075: 2038: 1995: 1968: 1942: 1914: 1869: 1865: 1849: 1796: 1556: 1529: 1227: 1207: 1015: 1005: 816: 454: 432: 407: 237: 70: 4655: 4559: 4349:"Schools of international affairs in the United States: a historical sketch" 1563:, with the work of the former often being cited as the first elaboration of 7409: 7329: 7282: 6776: 6716: 6464: 6422: 6256: 5881: 4799: 4428:"Master of Science in Foreign Service / Master of Public Policy (MSFS/MPP)" 3536: 3143: 2927:, another is the propensity of policymakers to think in terms of analogies. 2885: 2538: 2534: 2475:

Perhaps the most significant concept behind that of power and sovereignty,

2346: 2249: 2173: 2007: 1976: 1922: 1873: 1838: 1800: 1792: 1576: 1524: 1409: 1297:" have been used by some to refer to a broader multidisciplinary IR field. 1203: 1144: 1010: 861: 718: 217: 7049: 5485:"Federation of American Scientists :: Status of World Nuclear Forces" 4834: 4764: 7495: 7374: 7354: 7267: 7252: 7167: 6928: 6816: 6741: 6658: 6577: 6570: 6427: 6221:

The Westphalian Model in defining International Law: Challenging the Myth

6083: 5890: 5545:

Music, Art and Diplomacy East-West cultural Interactions and the Cold War

4475: 4250: 4234:"Del liberalismo al neo-realismo. Un debate en torno al realismo clásico" 4167:

The Westphalian Model in defining International Law: Challenging the Myth

3583: 3173: 3105: 2966: 2931: 2881: 2742: 2698: 2659: 2614: 2588: 2550: 2481: 2373: 2257: 2129: 1991: 1960: 1825: 1788: 1608: 1568: 1491: 1472: 1428: 1406: 1371: 1363: 1215: 1104:—as well as relations with and among other international actors, such as 1025: 1020: 973: 851: 831: 767: 733: 708: 699: 521: 486: 389: 377: 242: 6350:

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations

3574:

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations

3516: 647: 30:"International Relations" redirects here. For the academic journal, see 7379: 6982: 6821: 6663: 6621: 6565: 6247: 6074: 5905: 5292: 5175: 5088: 4325: 4187:

Gaus, Gerald; Courtland, Shane D.; Schmidtz, David (22 January 2018) .

4144:(Summer 2019 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 4018: 3418: 3337: 3320: 2924: 2841: 2584: 2452: 2448: 2421: 2338: 2053: 1972: 1845: 1821: 1661:, a school dedicated to teaching international affairs, was founded in 1580: 1544: 1509: 1396: 1375: 1164: 611: 601: 596: 335: 197: 79: 4214: 2583:, with the international system dominated by the conflict between two 2110:

happens, just that it is not the norm; it is a difference of degree).

37:"International affairs" redirects here. For the academic journal, see 7485: 7240: 6756: 6653: 6582: 6476: 6449: 5559:

The History of United States Cultural Diplomacy – 1770 to the Present

4963:(Summer 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2877: 2825: 2818: 2720: 2460: 2456: 1649:' department of international relations was founded at the behest of 1452: 1168: 1152: 1093: 958: 871: 866: 856: 745: 496: 394: 277: 232: 212: 5276: 5159: 4309: 4002: 2356: 2211:

Post-structuralism theories of international relations (also called

1925:. Increased political cooperation through organisations such as the 1443:

The period between roughly 1500 to 1789 saw the rise of independent

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Perspectives on International Relations: Power, Institutions, Ideas

4238:

Telos. Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales

3679: 3545: 3006: 2946: 2640: 2618: 2580: 2530: 2514: 2430: 2188: 1833: 1804: 1678: 1519: 1480: 1464: 1402: 1362:

Studies of international relations started thousands of years ago;

1326: 1219: 797: 762: 619: 579: 262: 247: 227: 96: 7021: 6354: 5844:. Durham, North Carolina, United States: Carolina Academic Press. 5415:. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 169–170. 5261:"Achieving Cooperation under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions" 2840:

States can be classified by whether they accept the international

2605:

Several theories of international relations draw upon the idea of

6503: 5934:"'Gender' Is Not Enough: The Need for a Feminist Consciousness". 3807:"Should We Leave Behind the Subfield of International Relations?" 3147: 2798: 2775:

The allotment of economic and/or diplomatic benefits such as the

2708: 2464: 2244: 2169: 1781: 1588: 1499: 713: 534: 192: 5712:

Xintian, Yu (2005) "Cultural Factors In International Relations"

5316:"Understanding Multilateral Institutions in Easy and Hard Times" 4988:. New York: Mount Holyoke College. pp. 4–15. Archived from 2930:

Bureaucratic politics – Looks at the role of the

2783:; candidate countries are only allowed to join if they meet the 74:

The field of international relations dates from the time of the

7384: 7272: 4215:"Aberystwyth University – Department of International Politics" 2141: 1901:

through economic and diplomatic ties. Institutions such as the

1829: 1662: 1460: 1424: 1416:

the natural starting point of international relations history.

1387: 584: 526: 424: 59: 5116:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 149. 4917:

Chandler, David; Müller, Franziska; Rothe, Delf, eds. (2021).

1599:

International relations as a distinct field of study began in

1528:(4th century BC), as the inspiration for realist theory, with 7359: 7116: 6293: 3330: 3178: 2873: 2845: 2599: 1367: 1097: 6038:

and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace

5666:

and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace

5067:

Lebow, Richard Ned (2001). "Thucydides the Constructivist".

5017:. Macmillan International Higher Education. pp. 32–57. 4836:

The international in security, security in the international

3599:

List of international relations institutes and organisations

2714: 7136: 3334: 3288: 3077:

form a vital part of contemporary international relations.

2760:(for instance when it called Guantanamo Bay a "Gulag"), or 2691: 2125: 1941:

The intellectual basis of liberal theory is often cited as

1659:

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

3050: 2549:

believed it was necessary to spread democracy whereas the

1351:, and Polish fashion reflects the complex politics of the 7416: 6545: 6027:

Men and citizens in the theory of international relations

5674:

Keynes and International Economic and Political Relations

4195:((September–December) Fall 2020 ed.). Stanford Press 3468:

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

3223: 2734: 1366:

and Richard Little considered the interaction of ancient

1089: 826: 723: 6294:

History of International Relations Open Textbook Project

5413:

The German Question and the International Order, 1943–48

4986:

Politics Among Nations: The struggle for Power and Peace

3284:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

2891: 6349: 6206: 5465: 5453: 5441: 4885:

Non-Human Nature in World Politics: Theory and Practice

4456:

SFS - School of Foreign Service - Georgetown University

3080: 2651:'s article titled "The Stability of a Unipolar World". 2206: 3930:"International relations – Between the two world wars" 3123: 1143:. It often draws heavily from other fields, including 6289:(13 vol 1957–79), thorough coverage from 1500 to 1900 5562:

Michael L. Krenn. Bloomsbury Academic, New York 2017

5130: 4882:

Pereira, Joana Castro; Saramago, André, eds. (2020).

4691:

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies

4186: 3904:"Where exactly does 'International Relations' begin?" 3394:

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

2394:

International relations are often viewed in terms of

2268:

brought new opportunities in the form of dependence.

1300: 1190:

While international politics has been analyzed since

6087:

The Great Transition Today: A Report from the Future

5955:

Goodin, Robert E., and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, eds.

5429: 3512: 3279:

Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific

3158:

Other generalist inter-state organizations include:

2164:, where norms of conduct such as the prohibition of 1667:

Montague Burton Professor of International Relations

4916: 4870:

Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk

3850:(Fifth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3294:

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

1594: 6275:Krasner, Stephen D.: "Westphalia and All That" in 6078:Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics 4687:"International Relations and Comparative Politics" 3414:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 3104:that describes itself as a "global association of 1591:has been a foundation of international relations. 6301:The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848 6186:Fundamental Principles of International Relations 5964:The Nation-State and the Crisis of World Politics 5742:"US-Russian relations: Demanding equal treatment" 5603:Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest? 4941:Snyder, Jack(2004). "One World, Rival Theories", 3255: 2962:, and economic factors in international relations 2357:International society theory (the English school) 27:Study of relationships between two or more states 7533: 6283:(Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1993), pp. 235–264 5980:1555875718, 9781555875718 Lynne Rienner Pub 1997 4721: 4684: 4527: 4476:"About the Committee on International Relations" 3963:London School of Economics and Political Science 3374:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 3249:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 2835: 2363:English school of international relations theory 6265:(1987), stress on economic and military factors 6152:Baylis, John, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens. 4954: 4881: 2984: 2613:was a concept prevalent in Europe prior to the 1718:Norman Paterson School of International Affairs 7122:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 5860:The Oxford Handbook of International Relations 5858:Reus-Smit, Christian, and Duncan Snidal, eds. 5258: 4957:"Political Realism in International Relations" 4685:Nadkarni, Vidya; Williams, J. Michael (2010). 4294:"Political Science in the International Field" 3785:"What is International Relations? | BISA" 3229:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 2799:Unit-level concepts in international relations 1975:. A new version of "idealism" that focused on 7065: 6370: 6161:Mingst, Karen A., and Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft. 5802:Carlsnaes, Walter; et al., eds. (2012). 4394:Carlsnaes, Walter; et al., eds. (2012). 3502:International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea 3430: 3194:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 2817:is a theory that suggests that the nature of 2484:in 1938 (a part of Czechoslovakia) under the 2271:A prominent derivative of Marxian thought is 2179:Prominent constructivist IR scholars include 1050: 670: 6308:The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918 6196:IR: The New World of International Relations 6106:(New York: Columbia University Press, 1992). 6060:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946) 5622:. Columbia University Press. pp. 1–23. 5259:Axelrod, Robert; Keohane, Robert O. (1985). 5052:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4955:Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian (May 24, 2017) , 4722:Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). 4554: 2041:in facilitating cooperation between states. 7079: 6018:Democracy and the International Rule of Law 5896:(New York: Columbia University Press, 1977) 5834:What's the Point of International Relations 5687:, Trinity College, University of Melbourne. 5619:Religion and International Relations Theory 5516:International Security, 24/1: (1999), 5–41. 5370:European Journal of International Relations 5109: 4177:(Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1993), pp.235–264. 3927: 2307:Further linked in with Marxist theories is 2044:Prominent neoliberal institutionalists are 2013: 1175:within IR, of which the most prominent are 1110:international nongovernmental organizations 7072: 7058: 6377: 6363: 5358:, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 1. 4979: 4528:Kopstein, Jeffrey; Lichbach, Mark (2005). 4111: 3463:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 2707:is a theory most commonly associated with 2389: 2217:postmodernist studies in political science 1214:, where it was shaped considerably by the 1057: 1043: 677: 663: 7137:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 5801: 5410: 5367: 5331: 4921:. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. 4797: 4739: 4614: 4534:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 4393: 4353:Cambridge Review of International Affairs 4249: 4045:British International Studies Association 3822: 3204:Economic Community of West African States 2715:Systemic tools of international relations 2260:brought in sources for raw materials and 1435:. More than the Peace of Westphalia, the 6040:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). 5154:. 04. Vol. 80. pp. 1151–1169. 4135: 3845: 3604:List of international relations journals 3329: 3314: 3310: 3054: 2895: 2686: 2658:, which states that it is likely that a 2570: 2120:Constructivism (international relations) 1936: 1334: 69: 49: 7142:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 6139:Social Theory of International Politics 5938:80.1 (2004): 95–97. Web. 17 Sept. 2013. 5768:"MA Middle Eastern Studies | SOAS" 5696: 5313: 5224: 5199: 5042:. Oxford University Press. p. 179. 5015:Introduction to International Relations 4961:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4762: 4616:10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104858 4596: 4142:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3959:"Department of International Relations" 3274:Collective Security Treaty Organization 3051:Institutions in international relations 2695:International Security Assistance Force 2273:critical international relations theory 2227:Critical international relations theory 1730:White World Order, Black Power Politics 1293:The terms "International studies" and " 1242:Depending on the academic institution, 14: 7534: 5839: 5615: 5471: 5459: 5447: 5435: 5037: 5012: 4832: 4699:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.408 4637: 4291: 4231: 3987:"The Scope of International Relations" 3804: 3169:Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2866:liberal international relations theory 2240:Marxist international relations theory 1957:liberal international relations theory 1412:. This makes the establishment of the 969:Forum (alternative dispute resolution) 43:International affairs (disambiguation) 7053: 6358: 6163:Essentials of International Relations 5333:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050918-042625 5145: 5069:The American Political Science Review 5066: 5040:Thucydides and the Science of History 5008: 5006: 4982:"Six principles of political realism" 4287: 4285: 3980: 3978: 3824:10.1146/annurev-polisci-053013-041156 2892:Individual or sub-unit level concepts 2384: 1810: 7008: 6296:, Cambridge: Open Book, forthcoming. 5739: 4769:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 4452:"First master's degrees are granted" 4400:. SAGE Publications. pp. 1–28. 4346: 4115:The History of the Peloponnesian War 3984: 3928:Pfaltzgraff, Robert (22 July 2005). 3880:"international relations | politics" 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3453:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 3384:Black Sea Trade and Development Bank 3354:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 3081:Generalist inter-state organizations 2470: 2302: 2207:Critical theory (post-structuralism) 2136:. Various political actors, such as 1890:Liberalism (international relations) 1702:Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy 1690:Committee on International Relations 6384: 6225:Australian Journal of Legal History 6047:The Tragedy of Great Power Politics 5957:A New Handbook of Political Science 5805:Handbook of International Relations 5307: 5200:Cristol, Jonathan (November 2019). 5146:Doyle, Michael W. (December 1986). 5110:Baylis, John; Smith, Steve (2001). 4872:. https://doi.org/10.55163/lcls7037 4715: 4397:Handbook of International Relations 4225: 4193:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4171:Australian Journal of Legal History 3642:International relations (1919–1939) 3637:International relations (1814–1919) 3632:International relations (1648–1814) 3628:Periods in international relations 3473:United Nations Human Rights Council 3136:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 3130:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 3124:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 3061:United Nations Secretariat Building 2654:Waltz's thesis can be expressed in 2491: 2325:Feminism in international relations 1319:International relations (1919–1939) 1311:International relations (1814–1919) 1307:International relations (1648–1814) 24: 7215:International relations since 1989 7205:Diplomatic history of World War II 7127:International Criminal Court (ICC) 6207:History of international relations 5926:Production, Power, and World Order 5701:. McGill–Queen's University Press. 5581:Searching for a Cultural Diplomacy 5320:Annual Review of Political Science 5038:Norris, Cochrane, Charles (1929). 5003: 4728:Annual Review of Political Science 4603:Annual Review of Political Science 4282: 4105: 3975: 3811:Annual Review of Political Science 3647:International relations since 1989 3567:Diplomatic history of World War II 3184:Commonwealth of Independent States 2972:Personal relations between leaders 2872:in the United States, the role of 2670: 2567:Polarity (international relations) 1979:as the basis of the legitimacy of 1743:Convention on Biological Diversity 1451:, and the institutionalization of 1331:International relations since 1989 1323:Diplomatic history of World War II 1301:History of international relations 25: 7563: 7547:International relations education 7511:International political sociology 6344:Issues in development cooperation 6332: 6104:Gender in International Relations 6057:Scientific Man Vs. Power Politics 6020:. Vienna/New York: Springer, 1995 5989:(Oxford University Press, 2008). 5714:, Chinese Philosophical Studies. 5668:, Oxford University Press, 2006. 5152:American Political Science Review 4298:American Political Science Review 4081:from the original on Mar 19, 2024 3791: 3562:Diplomatic history of World War I 3379:Bank of International Settlements 3299:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 3085: 2113: 1795:, as well as the behavior of the 1776:Realism (international relations) 1315:Diplomatic history of World War I 545:Biology and political orientation 32:International Relations (journal) 7031: 7020: 7007: 6996: 6995: 6338: 6121:Theory of International Politics 5943:War and Change ín World Politics 5507:Daedalus, 93/3: (1964), 881–909. 4148:from the original on 19 Mar 2024 4118:. Translated by Crawley, Richard 3940:from the original on Oct 5, 2021 3529: 3515: 2069: 1817:History of the Peloponnesian War 1595:Emergence as academic discipline 1515:History of the Peloponnesian War 1378:' analysis of the causes of the 646: 7506:International political economy 6950:List of social science journals 5828:Dyvik, Synne L., Jan Selby and 5795: 5778: 5760: 5740:Bovt, Georgy (15 August 2013). 5733: 5724: 5705: 5690: 5651: 5642: 5609: 5595: 5573: 5551: 5537: 5527:"Error – Amnesty International" 5519: 5510: 5501: 5477: 5404: 5361: 5348: 5252: 5243: 5218: 5193: 5148:"Liberalism and World Politics" 5139: 5103: 5060: 5031: 4973: 4948: 4945:, 145 (November/December): p.52 4935: 4910: 4875: 4861: 4826: 4791: 4756: 4741:10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.391 4678: 4631: 4590: 4548: 4521: 4492: 4468: 4444: 4420: 4387: 4340: 4207: 4180: 4159: 4129: 4092: 4063: 4033: 3951: 3921: 3896: 3846:Caramani, Daniele, ed. (2020). 3726:Department of Political Science 3683:, Friday 28 June 2013, page 9. 3435: 3389:Inter-American Development Bank 3304:Union of South American Nations 3269:United Nations Security Council 3234:Organization of American States 2976: 2960:International political economy 2621:, being a central mechanism of 2443:Power (international relations) 1643:Walsh School of Foreign Service 1548:providing further elaboration. 1370:city-states, starting in 3,500 1339:The official portraits of King 1106:intergovernmental organizations 39:International Affairs (journal) 6907:Science and technology studies 6174:(1948 and subsequent editions) 6097:(New York: Verso Press, 2003). 5840:Mimiko, N. Oluwafemi (2012). 4125:– via Project Gutenberg. 4112:Thucydides (March 15, 2003) . 3872: 3839: 3777: 3763: 3738: 3714: 3690: 3671: 3497:International Court of Justice 3443:European Court of Human Rights 3256:Regional security arrangements 2880:, and religious strife in the 2806: 2772:has yet to use this mechanism. 2520: 2409: 2174:protection of civilians in war 1911:International Court of Justice 1755:International relations theory 1353:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1237: 934:Alternative dispute resolution 540:Theories of political behavior 166:Political history of the world 13: 1: 6068:Moral Man and Immoral Society 5913:(2001) (New York: Perennial) 4959:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 4804:. Routledge. pp. 59–65. 4365:10.1080/09557571.2020.1855630 4191:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). 4140:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). 4098:Barry Buzan, Richard Little. 4041:"About International Studies" 3665: 3239:Organization of Turkic States 3108:facilitating co-operation in 2836:Revisionism versus status quo 2766:UN Commission on Human Rights 2764:. A prominent use of was the 2682: 2426:Six Books of the Commonwealth 2275:which is the application of " 2056:. Robert Keohane's 1984 book 1883: 1250:is either a subdiscipline of 555:Critique of political economy 7474:Related fields and subfields 6287:New Cambridge Modern History 6279:& Robert Keohane (eds): 6145: 3458:International Criminal Court 2985:Major fields of area studies 2596:collapse of the Soviet Union 2575:Empires of the world in 1910 2295:focus on the need for human 1761:International legal theories 1264:international politics (IP). 1224:collapse of the Soviet Union 136:Outline of political science 7: 6008:Neo-Realism and Its Critics 5866: 5411:Lewkowicz, Nicolas (2010). 5314:Keohane, Robert O. (2020). 5225:Trueman, CN (22 May 2015), 4839:. New York, NY: Routledge. 3985:Dunn, Frederick S. (1948). 3508: 3399:International Monetary Fund 3065:United Nations headquarters 2851: 2560: 2511:international organizations 2337:Prominent scholars include 2318: 2064:new institutional economics 1931:International Monetary Fund 1700:was conferred in 1928. The 1696:, where the first research 64:international organizations 10: 7568: 7516:Peace and conflict studies 7132:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 6210: 5616:Snyder, Jack, ed. (2011). 4798:Alejandro, Audrey (2020). 4644:International Organization 4292:Potter, Pitman B. (1923). 4232:Abadía, Adolfo A. (2015). 3614:Peace and conflict studies 3431:International legal bodies 3259: 3140:international organization 3127: 3102:international organization 3089: 3075:International institutions 2637:hegemonic stability theory 2564: 2499:transnational corporations 2440: 2413: 2360: 2322: 2237: 2233: 2221:feminist poststructuralist 2151:International Organization 2117: 2073: 2035:international institutions 2023: 2017: 1893: 1887: 1773: 1769: 1758: 1752: 1704:, a collaboration between 1647:London School of Economics 1633:international organization 1304: 1280:In the inaugural issue of 1118:multinational corporations 1114:international legal bodies 1001:Peace and conflict studies 908:Mutual assured destruction 141:Index of politics articles 36: 29: 7473: 7425: 7223: 7180: 7155: 7109: 7100: 7087: 6991: 6958: 6942: 6689: 6415: 6392: 6244:(9th Edition, 2008) 956pp 6242:World Politics since 1945 6194:, and Nicholas O. Berry. 6080:, Public Affairs Ltd 2004 5959:(1998) ch 16–19 pp 401–78 5878:(London: Heinemann, 1910) 5697:Rivault, Fabrice (1999). 5231:The History Learning Site 5081:10.1017/S0003055401003112 4980:Morganthau, Hans (1978). 4894:10.1007/978-3-030-49496-4 4638:Milner, Helen V. (1998). 4597:Pollack, Mark A. (2005). 4576:10.1080/01402389608425139 4500:"A History of Excellence" 4480:The University of Chicago 3771:"International Relations" 3722:"International Relations" 3654:Responsibility to protect 3492:European Court of Justice 3369:Eurasian Development Bank 2905:Graduate Institute Geneva 2507:non-governmental agencies 1748: 1603:. IR emerged as a formal 6281:Ideas and Foreign Policy 5910:The Twenty Years' Crisis 5382:10.1177/1354066106067345 4763:Vitalis, Robert (2015). 4347:Oren, Ido (2020-12-14). 4175:Ideas and Foreign Policy 3934:Encyclopaedia Britannica 3698:"International Politics" 3487:African Court of Justice 3479: 3424:World Trade Organization 3404:Islamic Development Bank 3364:African Development Bank 3153: 2965:International political 2436: 2031:Liberal institutionalism 2020:Liberal institutionalism 2014:Liberal institutionalism 1990:Major theorists include 1907:World Trade Organisation 1896:Liberal internationalism 1844:Major theorists include 1585:liberal internationalism 996:Non-aggression principle 954:Conflict style inventory 758:Nonviolent Communication 7542:International relations 7491:Foreign policy analysis 7303:International community 7081:International relations 6595:international relations 6251:The Twenty Years Crisis 6113:Man, the State, and War 5901:People, States and Fear 5013:Grieco, Joseph (2018). 4656:10.1162/002081898550743 4558:; Menon, Anand (1996). 4506:. Tufts. Archived from 4136:Nederman, Cary (2019). 3589:International community 3209:Eurasian Economic Union 3189:Commonwealth of Nations 3022:Southeast Asian studies 2815:Democratic peace theory 2770:UN Human Rights Council 2656:power transition theory 2555:South-South Cooperation 2416:Westphalian sovereignty 2390:Systemic level concepts 2148:, in a 1992 article in 2062:used insights from the 2026:Complex interdependence 1854:Charles P. Kindleberger 1565:democratic peace theory 1555:draws upon the work of 1427:. During the preceding 1270:international relations 1244:international relations 1226:and subsequent rise of 1070:International Relations 843:International relations 773:Speaking truth to power 550:Political organisations 313:International relations 151:Politics by subdivision 6922:Quantum social science 6232:A History of Diplomacy 6188:(Westview Press, 2010) 6171:Politics Among Nations 5894:The Anarchical Society 5887:(English edition 1966) 4833:Bilgin, Pinar (2016). 4564:West European Politics 3908:Ritsumeikan University 3448:Human Rights Committee 3359:Asian Development Bank 3348: 3327: 3114:international security 3071: 3045:Latin American studies 2991:Middle Eastern studies 2907: 2701: 2576: 1621:Alfred Eckhard Zimmern 1617:Aberystwyth University 1455:and the military. The 1359: 1291: 1268:In institutions where 1196:Aberystwyth University 1082:international politics 1076:; also referred to as 82: 67: 41:. For other uses, see 6959:Other categorizations 6812:International studies 6797:History of technology 6732:Communication studies 6615:public administration 6320:, Pluto Press, 2014, 6184:Rochester, J. Martin 5973:25.3 (1999): 475–491. 5971:International Studies 5948:Joshua S. Goldstein, 5936:International Affairs 5920:The Post-Modern State 5808:. SAGE Publications. 5356:International Regimes 5206:Oxford Bibliographies 4138:"Niccolò Machiavelli" 3333: 3318: 3311:Economic institutions 3244:Pacific Islands Forum 3058: 2997:Central Asian studies 2899: 2758:Amnesty International 2690: 2574: 2024:Further information: 1937:History of liberalism 1737:agreements, like the 1694:University of Chicago 1639:Georgetown University 1343:dressed according to 1338: 1286: 1248:international affairs 1141:public administration 1133:political methodology 1086:international affairs 1078:international studies 918:Nuclear proliferation 630:Political campaigning 370:Public administration 203:Collective leadership 73: 53: 18:International studies 7481:Comparative politics 6792:Historical sociology 6219:Beaulac, Stéphane. " 6168:Morgenthau, Hans J. 6130:Just and Unjust Wars 5774:. September 1, 2022. 5748:. Rossiyskaya Gazeta 5570:p. 1-8 Introduction. 4432:Quacquarelli Symonds 4251:10.36390/telos173.05 4075:Cambridge Dictionary 3848:Comparative politics 3805:Reiter, Dan (2015). 3552:Comparative politics 3409:New Development Bank 3118:economic development 3026:Indo-Pacific studies 2870:September 11 attacks 2503:liberation movements 2313:core–periphery model 2254:capital accumulation 1573:Francisco de Vitoria 1232:international system 1171:. There are several 1129:comparative politics 984:Paradox of tolerance 480:Separation of powers 351:Political psychology 326:Comparative politics 304:political scientists 291:Academic disciplines 171:Political philosophy 7263:Collective security 7147:United Nations (UN) 6972:Geisteswissenschaft 6966:Behavioral sciences 6892:Political sociology 6807:Information science 6752:Development studies 6299:Schroeder, Paul W. 6238:Calvocoressi, Peter 6036:John Maynard Keynes 5664:John Maynard Keynes 4504:The Fletcher School 4165:Stéphane Beaulac: " 3624:Political geography 3594:International order 3579:Extraterritoriality 3262:Collective security 3007:South Asian studies 2785:Copenhagen criteria 2739:Carl von Clausewitz 2264:for exports, while 2093:collective security 1629:Paul Samuel Reinsch 1613:University of Wales 1605:academic discipline 1421:Peace of Westphalia 1414:modern state system 1392:Niccolò Machiavelli 1258:field encompassing 913:Nuclear disarmament 812:Conflict escalation 789:Conflict management 693:Conflict resolution 653:Politics portal 502:Election commission 473:Government branches 356:Political sociology 208:Confessional system 146:Politics by country 54:In 2012 alone, the 7027:Society portal 6514:auxiliary sciences 6314:Van der Pijl, Kees 6268:Kissinger, Henry. 6192:Roskin, Michael G. 6053:Hans J. Morgenthau 5876:The Great Illusion 5718:2010-04-10 at the 5683:2011-03-06 at the 5590:978-1-845-45-746-4 3787:. 3 February 2020. 3750:www.britannica.com 3557:Diplomatic history 3349: 3347:in a NATO exercise 3328: 3072: 3030:Australian studies 2908: 2792:cultural diplomacy 2781:enlargement policy 2762:Human Rights Watch 2754:naming and shaming 2702: 2577: 2396:levels of analysis 2385:Levels of analysis 1858:Stephen D. Krasner 1811:History of realism 1710:Harvard University 1518:(5th century BC), 1508:(6th century BC), 1360: 1173:schools of thought 1031:Track II diplomacy 979:Prisoner's dilemma 949:Conflict continuum 944:Conflict avoidance 729:Dispute resolution 336:Political analysis 268:Semi-parliamentary 83: 68: 7529: 7528: 7501:International law 7370:Right of conquest 7335:National interest 7278:Deterrence theory 7176: 7175: 7163:League of Nations 7047: 7046: 6887:Political economy 6882:Political ecology 6737:Community studies 6727:Cognitive science 6690:Interdisciplinary 6590:Political science 5851:978-1-61163-129-6 5786:"African Studies" 5568:978-1-4725-0860-7 5474:, pp. 15–16. 5462:, pp. 14–15. 5450:, pp. 17–20. 5422:978-0-230-24812-0 4928:978-3-030-53014-3 4903:978-3-030-49495-7 4846:978-1-317-40730-0 4811:978-0-367-54010-4 4776:978-1-5017-0188-7 4708:978-0-19-084662-6 4541:978-1-139-44604-4 3857:978-0-19-882060-4 3702:Political Science 3659:Right of conquest 3199:Council of Europe 3110:international law 2951:diaspora politics 2921:explanatory power 2901:Maison de la Paix 2858:Thirty Years' War 2747:strategic studies 2705:Dependency theory 2665:A. F. K. Organski 2649:William Wohlforth 2477:national interest 2471:National interest 2378:Robert H. Jackson 2370:international law 2309:dependency theory 2303:Dependency theory 2266:decolonialization 2213:critical theories 2193:Peter Katzenstein 2162:international law 1981:international law 1793:Second World Wars 1686:League of Nations 1655:Philip Noel-Baker 1651:Nobel Peace Prize 1457:French Revolution 1437:Treaty of Utrecht 1433:Holy Roman Empire 1380:Peloponnesian War 1357:Thirty Years' War 1275:international law 1256:multidisciplinary 1252:political science 1125:political science 1067: 1066: 939:Anti-war movement 903:Nuclear blackmail 807:Communal violence 687: 686: 635:Political parties 575:Electoral systems 299:Political science 273:Semi-presidential 185:Political systems 161:Political history 156:Political economy 56:Palace of Nations 16:(Redirected from 7559: 7521:Security studies 7313:Internationality 7308:Internationalism 7107: 7106: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7051: 7050: 7035: 7025: 7024: 7011: 7010: 6999: 6998: 6902:Regional science 6747:Cultural studies 6722:Business studies 6379: 6372: 6365: 6356: 6355: 6342: 6277:Judith Goldstein 6095:The Myth of 1648 6064:Reinhold Niebuhr 6044:John Mearsheimer 6024:Andrew Linklater 5976:James C. Hsiang 5855: 5830:Rorden Wilkinson 5825: 5823: 5822: 5790: 5789: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5737: 5731: 5728: 5722: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5694: 5688: 5678:Trinity Paper 33 5655: 5649: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5613: 5607: 5599: 5593: 5577: 5571: 5555: 5549: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5508: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5489:programs.fas.org 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5365: 5359: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5335: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5227:"Woodrow Wilson" 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5178:. 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Doyle 1983:was advanced by 1953:world government 1878:John Mearsheimer 1706:Tufts University 1445:sovereign states 1390:, as well as by 1218:concerns of the 1204:Second World War 1137:political theory 1059: 1052: 1045: 689: 688: 679: 672: 665: 651: 650: 441: 386: 341:Political theory 331:Election science 321: 307: 85: 84: 21: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7557: 7556: 7532: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7469: 7460:Postcolonialism 7421: 7350:Non-state actor 7345:Non-belligerent 7340:Neutral country 7325:Interventionism 7258:Co-belligerence 7219: 7172: 7151: 7096: 7083: 7078: 7048: 7043: 7019: 6987: 6954: 6938: 6912:Science studies 6696:Administration 6685: 6411: 6388: 6386:Social sciences 6383: 6335: 6330: 6306:Taylor, A.J.P. 6292:Ringmar, Erik. 6253:(1940), 1919–39 6230:Black, Jeremy. 6215: 6209: 6204: 6148: 6136:Alexander Wendt 6032:Donald Markwell 5941:Robert Gilpin, 5932:Enloe, Cynthia. 5924:Robert W. Cox, 5869: 5852: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5798: 5793: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5766: 5765: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5738: 5734: 5729: 5725: 5720:Wayback Machine 5710: 5706: 5695: 5691: 5685:Wayback Machine 5670:Donald Markwell 5659:Donald Markwell 5656: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5614: 5610: 5600: 5596: 5578: 5574: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5538: 5531:www.amnesty.org 5525: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5511: 5506: 5502: 5493: 5491: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5434: 5430: 5423: 5409: 5405: 5366: 5362: 5353: 5349: 5312: 5308: 5277:10.2307/2010357 5257: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5235: 5233: 5223: 5219: 5210: 5208: 5198: 5194: 5185: 5183: 5160:10.2307/1960861 5144: 5140: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5108: 5104: 5065: 5061: 5045: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5011: 5004: 4995: 4993: 4978: 4974: 4966: 4964: 4953: 4949: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4915: 4911: 4904: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4862: 4847: 4831: 4827: 4812: 4796: 4792: 4777: 4761: 4757: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4683: 4679: 4636: 4632: 4595: 4591: 4556:Hurrell, Andrew 4553: 4549: 4542: 4526: 4522: 4513: 4511: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4484: 4482: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4460: 4458: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4436: 4434: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4345: 4341: 4310:10.2307/1944041 4290: 4283: 4230: 4226: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4185: 4181: 4164: 4160: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4119: 4110: 4106: 4097: 4093: 4084: 4082: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4051:on 20 July 2018 4039: 4038: 4034: 4003:10.2307/2009164 3983: 3976: 3967: 3965: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3911: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3888: 3886: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3858: 3844: 3840: 3803: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3755: 3753: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3730: 3728: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3706: 3704: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3619:Peace economics 3609:Multilateralism 3535: 3528: 3523:Politics portal 3521: 3514: 3511: 3506: 3482: 3477: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3313: 3308: 3264: 3258: 3253: 3156: 3132: 3126: 3094: 3088: 3083: 3053: 3040:Russian studies 3002:African studies 2987: 2979: 2894: 2854: 2838: 2809: 2801: 2717: 2685: 2673: 2671:Interdependence 2615:First World War 2569: 2563: 2547:Truman Doctrine 2543:Harry S. Truman 2523: 2494: 2473: 2445: 2439: 2418: 2412: 2392: 2387: 2365: 2359: 2327: 2321: 2305: 2277:critical theory 2262:captive markets 2242: 2236: 2209: 2201:Alexander Wendt 2197:Kathryn Sikkink 2181:Michael Barnett 2146:Alexander Wendt 2122: 2116: 2097:Stephen Krasner 2078: 2072: 2028: 2022: 2016: 1948:Perpetual Peace 1939: 1909:(WTO), and the 1898: 1892: 1886: 1862:Hans Morgenthau 1813: 1778: 1772: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1739:Paris Agreement 1714:Glendon College 1698:graduate degree 1623:and endowed by 1597: 1496:social sciences 1449:multilateralism 1333: 1303: 1260:global politics 1240: 1063: 991:Liaison officer 898:Nuclear warfare 882:Multilateralism 822:Just war theory 683: 645: 640: 639: 570: 569: 560: 559: 517: 516: 507: 506: 475: 474: 465: 464: 460:Public interest 445:Domestic policy 435: 428: 427: 416: 415: 380: 373: 372: 361: 360: 322: 315: 308: 301: 293: 292: 283: 282: 188: 187: 176: 175: 131: 130: 121: 90:Politics series 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7565: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7440:English school 7437: 7435:Constructivism 7431: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7405:Non-aggression 7402: 7397: 7392: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7186: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7157: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7113: 7111: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7077: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7054: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7029: 7017: 7005: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6968: 6962: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6855:social science 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6787:Global studies 6784: 6782:Gender studies 6779: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6765:social science 6761:Environmental 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6587: 6586: 6585: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6460:macroeconomics 6457: 6455:microeconomics 6447: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6382: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6334: 6333:External links 6331: 6329: 6328: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6284: 6273: 6266: 6254: 6245: 6235: 6228: 6227:Vol. 9 (2004). 6216: 6211:Main article: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6198:(8th ed. 2009) 6189: 6182: 6177:Nau, Henry R. 6175: 6166: 6165:(5th ed. 2010) 6159: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6133: 6127:Michael Walzer 6124: 6115: 6107: 6101:J. Ann Tickner 6098: 6089: 6081: 6072: 6061: 6050: 6041: 6029: 6021: 6011: 6004:Robert Keohane 6001: 5999:After Hegemony 5996:Robert Keohane 5993: 5984:Andrew Hurrell 5981: 5974: 5967: 5962:John H. Herz, 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5929: 5922: 5914: 5903: 5897: 5888: 5879: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5856: 5850: 5837: 5826: 5814: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5777: 5772:www.soas.ac.uk 5759: 5732: 5723: 5704: 5689: 5650: 5641: 5628: 5608: 5594: 5572: 5550: 5536: 5518: 5509: 5500: 5476: 5464: 5452: 5440: 5428: 5421: 5403: 5376:(3): 307–340. 5360: 5347: 5306: 5271:(1): 226–254. 5265:World Politics 5251: 5242: 5217: 5192: 5138: 5129: 5123:978-0198782636 5122: 5102: 5075:(3): 547–560. 5059: 5030: 5023: 5002: 4972: 4947: 4943:Foreign Policy 4934: 4927: 4909: 4902: 4874: 4860: 4845: 4825: 4810: 4790: 4775: 4755: 4734:(1): 391–416. 4714: 4707: 4677: 4650:(4): 759–786. 4630: 4609:(1): 357–398. 4589: 4570:(2): 386–402. 4547: 4540: 4520: 4491: 4467: 4443: 4419: 4406: 4386: 4359:(3): 328–351. 4339: 4304:(3): 381–391. 4281: 4244:(3): 438–459. 4240:(in Spanish). 4224: 4219:www.aber.ac.uk 4206: 4179: 4158: 4128: 4104: 4091: 4062: 4032: 3997:(1): 142–146. 3991:World Politics 3974: 3950: 3920: 3910:. July 2, 2018 3895: 3871: 3856: 3838: 3817:(1): 481–499. 3790: 3776: 3762: 3737: 3713: 3689: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3554: 3549: 3548:, 1947 to 1991 3542: 3541: 3540: 3526: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3265: 3260:Main article: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3219:Group of Seven 3216: 3214:European Union 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3128:Main article: 3125: 3122: 3098:United Nations 3092:United Nations 3090:Main article: 3087: 3086:United Nations 3084: 3082: 3079: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2986: 2983: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2970: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2943:religious wars 2935: 2928: 2903:, home to the 2893: 2890: 2862:Islamic states 2853: 2850: 2837: 2834: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2788: 2777:European Union 2773: 2750: 2732: 2725: 2716: 2713: 2684: 2681: 2672: 2669: 2565:Main article: 2562: 2559: 2522: 2519: 2493: 2490: 2472: 2469: 2441:Main article: 2438: 2435: 2414:Main article: 2411: 2408: 2400:systemic level 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2361:Main article: 2358: 2355: 2351:J. Ann Tickner 2323:Main article: 2320: 2317: 2304: 2301: 2250:economic class 2238:Main article: 2235: 2232: 2208: 2205: 2118:Main article: 2115: 2114:Constructivism 2112: 2074:Main article: 2071: 2068: 2059:After Hegemony 2050:Robert Keohane 2046:John Ikenberry 2018:Main article: 2015: 2012: 1965:Woodrow Wilson 1938: 1935: 1903:United Nations 1888:Main article: 1885: 1882: 1812: 1809: 1774:Main article: 1771: 1768: 1753:Main article: 1750: 1747: 1596: 1593: 1505:The Art of War 1477:decolonization 1302: 1299: 1295:global studies 1282:World Politics 1239: 1236: 1212:Western Europe 1200:United Kingdom 1185:constructivism 1102:foreign policy 1065: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 987: 986: 981: 971: 966: 964:Family therapy 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 928: 927: 923: 922: 921: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 892: 891: 887: 886: 885: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 846: 845: 839: 838: 837: 836: 835: 834: 824: 819: 814: 809: 801: 800: 794: 793: 792: 791: 783: 782: 778: 777: 776: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 754: 753: 751:Party-directed 743: 742: 741: 736: 731: 721: 716: 711: 703: 702: 696: 695: 685: 684: 682: 681: 674: 667: 659: 656: 655: 642: 641: 638: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 616: 615: 599: 594: 589: 588: 587: 577: 571: 567: 566: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 524: 518: 515:Related topics 514: 513: 512: 509: 508: 505: 504: 499: 494: 489: 483: 482: 476: 472: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 457: 452: 450:Foreign policy 447: 442: 429: 423: 422: 421: 418: 417: 414: 413: 412: 411: 397: 392: 387: 374: 368: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 353: 348: 346:Policy studies 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 311: 309: 297: 294: 290: 289: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 189: 183: 182: 181: 178: 177: 174: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 132: 129:Primary topics 128: 127: 126: 123: 122: 120: 119: 114: 109: 103: 100: 99: 93: 92: 26: 9: 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7115: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7102:Organizations 7099: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7070: 7068: 7063: 7061: 7056: 7055: 7052: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7030: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6994: 6993: 6990: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6978:Human science 6976: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6934:Vegan studies 6932: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6897:Public health 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6831:Philosophies 6830: 6828: 6827:Media studies 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6802:Human ecology 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6712:Anthrozoology 6710: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6637:developmental 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6610:public policy 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6591: 6588: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6561:legal systems 6559: 6557: 6556:legal history 6554: 6552: 6551:jurisprudence 6549: 6548: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6475: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6387: 6380: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6327: 6326:9780745323183 6323: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6258: 6257:Kennedy, Paul 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6200: 6197: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6118:Kenneth Waltz 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110:Kenneth Waltz 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6092:Benno Teschke 6090: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5968: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917:Robert Cooper 5915: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899:Barry Buzan, 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5885:Peace and War 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5873:Norman Angell 5871: 5870: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815:9781446265031 5811: 5807: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5787: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5747: 5746:Russia Beyond 5743: 5736: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5645: 5631: 5629:9780231153386 5625: 5621: 5620: 5612: 5605: 5604: 5598: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5576: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5554: 5547: 5546: 5540: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5513: 5504: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5473: 5472:Mimiko (2012) 5468: 5461: 5460:Mimiko (2012) 5456: 5449: 5448:Mimiko (2012) 5444: 5438:, p. 13. 5437: 5436:Mimiko (2012) 5432: 5424: 5418: 5414: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5255: 5246: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5182:on 2020-07-11 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5133: 5125: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5063: 5055: 5049: 5041: 5034: 5026: 5024:9781352004236 5020: 5016: 5009: 5007: 4992:on 2019-12-22 4991: 4987: 4983: 4976: 4962: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4938: 4930: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4905: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4878: 4871: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4768: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4718: 4710: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4543: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4524: 4510:on 2018-01-19 4509: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4409: 4407:9781446265031 4403: 4399: 4398: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4286: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4247: 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During the 2528: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2343:Cynthia Enloe 2340: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2289:Robert W. 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