3930:
5453:
18739:
18800:
5623:
6611:
8576:
18441:
5734:
liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed to the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust. ... I sent all four of our occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fully justified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race.
6533:
4779:
5866:
18703:
6398:
6382:
6030:
4928:
3525:
33,000 strong allied expeditionary force. Japanese troops involved in the fighting had acquitted themselves well, although a
British military observer felt their aggressiveness, densely-packed formations, and over-willingness to attack cost them excessive and disproportionate casualties. For example, during the Tianjin fighting, the Japanese suffered more than half of the allied casualties (400 out of 730) but comprised less than one quarter (3,800) of the force of 17,000. Similarly at Beijing, the Japanese accounted for almost two-thirds of the losses (280 of 453) even though they constituted slightly less than half of the assault force.
18787:
8564:
5747:
into the political parties, but this was offset by the return of huge numbers of formerly purged conservative politicians to national as well as local politics in the early 1950s. In the bureaucracy, the purge was negligible from the outset. ... In the economic sector, the purge similarly was only mildly disruptive, affecting less than sixteen hundred individuals spread among some four hundred companies. Everywhere one looks, the corridors of power in postwar Japan are crowded with men whose talents had already been recognized during the war years, and who found the same talents highly prized in the 'new' Japan.
187:
5882:
4499:, was known as "Shōwa Statism". There has been a debate among historians over defining the political system of Japan as a dictatorship and its resemblance to European Fascism: the arguments in favour of this view were "the subordination of both country and society to militarism, control by a rigid style of leadership exercising authoritarian discipline, and the most brutal treatment of occupied areas", but it was noted that the Japanese far-right organizations lacked a mass movement similar to the mass Fascist movement in Europe, and some pluralism continued to exist even during the World War II:
8588:
18824:
18812:
4568:
91:
18970:
18958:
18946:
18934:
18922:
18910:
18898:
18885:
18872:
18860:
18848:
18727:
18715:
18655:
5106:
18836:
7624:
7607:
7590:
7561:
7550:
7527:
7519:
7472:
7398:
7273:
7250:
7059:
6958:
6947:
6930:
6913:
6896:
6852:
6802:
6713:
8600:
5906:
6572:
4162:
874:
913:
4068:". The public grew disillusioned with the growing national debt and the new election laws, which retained the old minimum tax qualifications for voters. Calls were raised for universal suffrage and the dismantling of the old political party network. Students, university professors, and journalists, bolstered by labor unions and inspired by a variety of democratic, socialist, communist, anarchist, and other thoughts, mounted large but orderly public demonstrations in favor of universal male suffrage in 1919 and 1920.
6592:
3088:
17948:
6514:
105:
986:
3209:
3405:
11485:
2509:
18691:
6467:
6421:
6351:
4178:
3566:
2586:
3545:
5851:
8633:
18763:
18775:
5167:
4428:
18643:
3816:
2952:
4677:
18751:
4219:
18679:
18667:
4516:, was "little more than a bureaucratic fiction"; as historians noted, the ideological base for Japanese "was traditional, even if the methods of communication and control were modern and European", and that the traditional society of Japan was "to a large degree differential", while its institutions remained too elitist and conservative to follow such practices as a "democratic mass mobilization" characteristic of totalitarianism.
5327:
4461:). Launched by the ultranationalist Kōdōha faction with the military, it ultimately failed due to the intervention of the Emperor. Kōdōha members were purged from the top military positions and the Tōseiha faction gained dominance. However, both factions believed in expansionism, a strong military, and a coming war. Furthermore, Kōdōha members, while removed from the military, still had political influence within the government.
4053:
2627:
8619:
888:
927:
11286:
2886:, while others lost their lives. After Japan was opened to foreign powers in 1853, many Christian clergymen were sent from Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox churches, though proselytism was still banned. Only after the Meiji Restoration, was Christianity re-established in Japan. Freedom of religion was introduced in 1871, giving all Christian communities the right to legal existence and preaching.
4601:) looked towards great future expansion. Their main concern was a shortage of raw materials. Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe combined social concerns with the needs of capital, and planned for expansion. Their economic growth was stimulated by certain domestic policies and it can be seen in the steady and progressive increase of materials such as in the iron, steel and chemical industry.
4616:, just as in many other countries, hindered Japan's economic growth. The Japanese Empire's main problem lay in that rapid industrial expansion had turned the country into a major manufacturing and industrial power that required raw materials; however, these had to be obtained from overseas, as there was a critical lack of natural resources on the home islands.
3131:
ancient form of government. ... In consideration of the progressive tendency of the course of human affairs and in parallel with the advance of civilization, We deem it expedient, in order to give clearness and distinctness to the instructions bequeathed by the
Imperial Founder of Our House and by Our other Imperial Ancestors, to establish fundamental laws. ...
4469:
Military
Shogunate. In such a government the Emperor would once more be a figurehead (as in the Edo period). Real power would fall to a leader very similar to a führer or duce, though with the power less nakedly held. On the other hand, the traditionalist Navy militarists defended the Emperor and a constitutional monarchy with a significant religious aspect.
4764:, but the newly established Manchukuo was open to immigration of Asians. Japan had an emigration plan to encourage colonization; the Japanese population in Manchuria subsequently grew to 850,000. With rich natural resources and labor force in Manchuria, army-owned corporations turned Manchuria into a solid material support machine of the Japanese Army.
3516:
1900, the 5th
Infantry Division was alerted for possible deployment to China, but no timetable was set for this. Two days later, with more ground troops urgently needed to lift the siege of the foreign legations at Peking, the British ambassador offered the Japanese government one million British pounds in exchange for Japanese participation.
4821:", Japanese troops killed many tens-of-thousands of people associated with the defending garrison. It is estimated that as many as 200,000 to 300,000 including civilians, may have been killed, although the actual numbers are uncertain and possibly inflated—coupled with the fact that the government of the
5409:
in 1943 put the Empire of Japan on the defensive for the remainder of the war, with
Guadalcanal in particular sapping their already-limited oil supplies. During 1943 and 1944, Allied forces, backed by the industrial might and vast raw material resources of the United States, advanced steadily towards
5157:
Even as they launched the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, the
Japanese were well aware that the United States had the capability to mount a counter-offensive against them. However, they believed that they could maintain their defensive perimeter and push back any attempt by the British and Americans
5113:
On
November 5, 1941, Yamamoto in his "Top Secret Operation Order no. 1" issued to the Combined Fleet, the Empire of Japan must drive out Britain and America from Greater East Asia and to hasten the settlement of the China, whereas should the eventuality that Britain and America would really be driven
5040:
was repeatedly censored because of its positions against the war and the
Emperor. Shigeo Iwanami was even sentenced to two months in prison for the publication of the banned works of Tsuda Sōkichi (a sentence which he did not serve, however). Shortly before his death in 1946, he founded the newspaper
4558:
was not rooted deeply enough to withstand the economic and political pressures of the 1930s, during which military leaders became increasingly influential. These shifts in power were made possible by the ambiguity and imprecision of the Meiji
Constitution, particularly as regarded the position of the
3865:
in 1914, seizing the opportunity of
Germany's distraction with the European War to expand its sphere of influence in China and the Pacific. Japan declared war on Germany on August 23, 1914. Japanese and allied British Empire forces soon moved to occupy Tsingtao fortress, the German East Asia Squadron
3524:
on July 14, after which the allies consolidated and awaited the remainder of the 5th Division and other coalition reinforcements. By the time the siege of legations was lifted on August 14, 1900, the Japanese force of 13,000 was the largest single contingent and made up about 40% of the approximately
3348:
on June 12. The Qing government turned down Japan's suggestion for Japan and China to cooperate to reform the Korean government. When Korea demanded that Japan withdraw its troops from Korea, the Japanese refused. In early June 1894, the 8,000 Japanese troops captured the Korean king Gojong, occupied
2857:
ended. Losing the protection of the Japanese government which Buddhism had enjoyed for centuries, Buddhist monks faced radical difficulties in sustaining their institutions, but their activities also became less restrained by governmental policies and restrictions. As social conflicts emerged in this
2462:
resigned from his post and authorities to the emperor, agreeing to "be the instrument for carrying out" imperial orders, leading to the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. However, while Yoshinobu's resignation had created a nominal void at the highest level of government, his apparatus of state continued
2724:", and "An Outline of a Theory of Civilization", which detailed Western society and his own philosophies. In the Meiji Restoration period, military and economic power was emphasized. Military strength became the means for national development and stability. Imperial Japan became the only non-Western
3988:
agreed to send 12,000 troops but under the Japanese command rather than as part of an international coalition. The Japanese had several hidden motives for the venture, which included an intense hostility and fear of communism; a determination to recoup historical losses to Russia; and the desire to
3519:
Shortly afterward, advance units of the 5th Division departed for China, bringing Japanese strength to 3,800 personnel out of the 17,000 of allied forces. The commander of the 5th Division, Lt. General Yamaguchi Motoomi, had taken operational control from Fukushima. Japanese troops were involved in
3515:
calculated that the advantages of participating in an allied coalition were too attractive to ignore. Prime Minister Yamagata agreed, but others in the cabinet demanded that there be guarantees from the British in return for the risks and costs of the major deployment of Japanese troops. On July 6,
2869:
Emperor Ogimachi issued edicts to ban Catholicism in 1565 and 1568, but to little effect. Beginning in 1587 with imperial regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ban on Jesuit missionaries, Christianity was repressed as a threat to national unity. Under Hideyoshi and the succeeding Tokugawa shogunate, Catholic
2653:
in 1871. The mission traveled the world in order to renegotiate the unequal treaties with the United States and European countries that Japan had been forced into during the Tokugawa shogunate, and to gather information on western social and economic systems, in order to effect the modernization of
8781:
realm, integrating semi-autonomous domain states into a unified political community." "Rather than restore an ancient (and probably imaginary) center-periphery order, the Meiji Restoration hastened the creation of a new and unambiguously centralized and modern nation-state. Within a few decades of
5746:
In retrospect, apart from the military officer corps, the purge of alleged militarists and ultranationalists that was conducted under the Occupation had relatively small impact on the long-term composition of men of influence in the public and private sectors. The purge initially brought new blood
5733:
The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated to the supremacy of individual
5133:
on December 7, 1941. As a result, the U.S. battleship fleet was decimated and almost 2,500 people died in the attack that day. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan to establish its long-planned South East Asian empire and defensible buffer
4619:
In the 1920s and 1930s, Japan needed to import raw materials such as iron, rubber, and oil to maintain strong economic growth. Most of these resources came from the United States. The Japanese felt that acquiring resource-rich territories would establish economic self-sufficiency and independence,
3608:
Originally, in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Ryojun had been given to Japan. This part of the treaty was overruled by Western powers, which gave the port to the Russian Empire, furthering Russian interests in the region. These interests came into conflict with Japanese interests. The war began with a
3130:
We, the Successor to the prosperous Throne of Our Predecessors, do humbly and solemnly swear to the Imperial Founder of Our House and to Our other Imperial Ancestors that, in pursuance of a great policy co-extensive with the Heavens and with the Earth, We shall maintain and secure from decline the
2548:
was fought between January 1868 and May 1869. The alliance of samurai from southern and western domains and court officials had now secured the cooperation of the young Emperor Meiji, who ordered the dissolution of the two-hundred-year-old Tokugawa shogunate. Tokugawa Yoshinobu launched a military
2474:, and the following day had the fifteen-year-old Emperor Meiji declare his own restoration to full power. Although the majority of the imperial consultative assembly was happy with the formal declaration of direct rule by the court and tended to support a continued collaboration with the Tokugawa,
4604:
The main goals of Japan's expansionism were acquisition and protection of spheres of influence, maintenance of territorial integrity, acquisition of raw materials, and access to Asian markets. Western nations, notably the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, had for long exhibited great
2485:
On January 17, 1868, Yoshinobu declared "that he would not be bound by the proclamation of the Restoration and called on the court to rescind it". On January 24, Yoshinobu decided to prepare an attack on Kyoto, occupied by Satsuma and Chōshū forces. This decision was prompted by his learning of a
5553:
island, and a real, imminent threat of Soviet invasion of the home islands of Japan. This was a significant factor for some internal parties in the Japanese decision to surrender to the US and gain some protection, rather than face simultaneous Soviet invasion as well as defeat by the US and its
4086:
as Prime Minister of Japan continued democratic reforms that had been advocated by influential individuals on the left. This culminated in the passage of universal male suffrage in March 1925. This bill gave all male subjects over the age of 25 the right to vote, provided they had lived in their
4039:
The continued Japanese presence concerned the United States, which suspected that Japan had territorial designs on Siberia and the Russian Far East. Subjected to intense diplomatic pressure by the United States and United Kingdom, and facing increasing domestic opposition due to the economic and
2557:
was a decisive victory in which a combined army from Chōshū, Tosa, and Satsuma domains defeated the Tokugawa army. A series of battles were then fought in pursuit of supporters of the Shogunate; Edo surrendered to the Imperial forces and afterward, Yoshinobu personally surrendered. Yoshinobu was
8732:
states: "The Meiji government had from the first incorporated, and in a sense created, Shinto, and utilized its tales of the divine origin of the ruling house as the core of its ritual addressed to ancestors 'of ages past'. As the Japanese empire grew the affirmation of a divine mission for the
5642:
followed after the war, largely spearheaded by US Army General Douglas MacArthur to revise the Japanese constitution and democratized the nation. The Allied occupation, including concurrent economic and political assistance, continued until 1952. Allied forces ordered Japan to abolish the Meiji
2747:
The rise of Japan to a world power during the past 80 years is the greatest miracle in world history. The mighty empires of antiquity, the major political institutions of the Middle Ages and the early modern era, the Spanish Empire, the British Empire, all needed centuries to achieve their full
4468:
became its contemporary equivalent, with the implicit message that the Army doctrine of close combat would prevail. The final objective, as envisioned by Army thinkers such as Sadao Araki and right-wing line followers, was a return to the old Shogunate system, but in the form of a contemporary
4152:
Despite the political realignments and hope for more orderly government, domestic economic crises plagued whichever party held power. Fiscal austerity programs and appeals for public support of such conservative government policies as the Peace Preservation Law—including reminders of the moral
3666:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, various Western countries actively competed for influence, trade, and territory in East Asia, and Japan sought to join these modern colonial powers. The newly modernised Meiji government of Japan turned to Korea (under the Joseon dynasty), then in the
3478:
in Tokyo had become aware of the worsening conditions in China and had drafted ambitious contingency plans, but in the wake of the Triple Intervention five years before, the government refused to deploy large numbers of troops unless requested by the western powers. However three days later, a
2997:
in 1853, resulted in a number of edicts intended to 'modernise' the appearance of upper class Japanese men. With the Dampatsurei Edict of 1871 issued by Emperor Meiji during the early Meiji Era, men of the samurai classes were forced to cut their hair short, effectively abandoning the chonmage
6532:
4605:
interest in the commercial opportunities in China and other parts of Asia. These opportunities had attracted Western investment because of the availability of raw materials for both domestic production and re-export to Asia. Japan desired these opportunities in planning the development of the
2984:, China, but others have followed in his footsteps. There was a burst of growth of Christianity in the late 19th century when Japan re-opened its doors to the West. Protestant church growth slowed dramatically in the early 20th century under the influence of the military government during the
3600:
was a conflict for control of Korea and parts of Manchuria between the Russian Empire and Empire of Japan that took place from 1904 to 1905. The victory greatly raised Japan's stature in the world of global politics. The war is marked by the Japanese opposition of Russian interests in Korea,
3022:
prohibited insults against the Emperor and his Imperial House, and also against some major Shinto shrines which were believed to be tied strongly to the Emperor. The government strengthened its control over religious institutions that were considered to undermine State Shinto or nationalism.
2815:). However, the elimination of their economic monopolies over certain occupations actually led to a decline in their general living standards, while social discrimination simply continued. For example, the ban on the consumption of meat from livestock was lifted in 1871, and many former
18614:
4620:
and they also hoped to jump-start the nation's economy in the midst of the depression. As a result, Japan set its sights on East Asia, specifically Manchuria with its many resources; Japan needed these resources to continue its economic development and maintain national integrity.
5394:, the first decisive defeat for the Imperial Japanese Navy. It proved to be the turning point of the war as the Navy lost its offensive strategic capability and never managed to reconstruct the "'critical mass' of both large numbers of carriers and well-trained air groups".
8733:
Japanese race was emphasized more strongly. Shinto was imposed on colonial lands in Taiwan and Korea, and public funds were utilized to build and maintain new shrines there. Shinto priests were attached to army units as chaplains, and the cult of war dead, enshrined at the
3430:
In 1900, Japan joined an international military coalition set up in response to the Boxer Rebellion in the Qing Empire of China. Japan provided the largest contingent of troops: 20,840, as well as 18 warships. Of the total, 20,300 were Imperial Japanese Army troops of the
4973:
such as scrap metal and oil, which were vitally needed for the war effort. The Japanese were faced with the option of either withdrawing from China and losing face or seizing and securing new sources of raw materials in the resource-rich, European-controlled colonies of
5374:
with additional rapid strategic victories. The Japanese Command reasoned that only decisive destruction of the United States' Pacific Fleet and conquest of its remote outposts would ensure that the Japanese Empire would not be overwhelmed by America's industrial might.
6610:
3271:
Samurai were allowed to work in any occupation they wanted. Admission to universities was determined based on examination results. The government also recruited more than 3,000 Westerners to teach modern science, mathematics, technology, and foreign languages in Japan
4102:
as the first person elected from a colonial background. In 1935, democracy was introduced in Taiwan and in response to Taiwanese public opinion, local assemblies were established. In 1942, 38 colonial people were elected to local assemblies of the Japanese homeland.
3047:, tens of thousands of Japanese Buddhist religious idols and temples were smashed and destroyed. Many statues still lie in ruins. Replica temples were rebuilt with concrete. Japan then closed and shut done tens of thousands of traditional old Shinto shrines in the
3007:
During the early 20th century, the government was suspicious towards a number of unauthorized religious movements and periodically made attempts to suppress them. Government suppression was especially severe from the 1930s until the early 1940s, when the growth of
5369:
Japanese military strategists were keenly aware of the unfavorable discrepancy between the industrial potential of Japan and the United States. Because of this they reasoned that Japanese success hinged on their ability to extend the strategic advantage gained at
18607:
4874:, a Mongolian cavalry unit of some 70 to 90 men entered the disputed area in search of grazing for their horses, and encountered Manchukuoan cavalry, who drove them out. Two days later the Mongolian force returned and the Manchukoans were unable to evict them.
170:
166:
8782:
the official beginning of the nation-building project, Tokyo had become the political and economic capital of a state that replaced semi-autonomous domains with newly created prefectures subordinate to central laws and centrally appointed administrators."
18600:
2849:, affecting religious practices and institutions. Conversion from traditional faith was no longer legally forbidden, officials lifted the 250-year ban on Christianity, and missionaries of established Christian churches reentered Japan. The traditional
169:
172:
168:
167:
4512:, since Hirohito couldn't be referred to as a dictator because of being a monarch, and since his authority existed along with party politics, while Hideki Tojo never had an absolute authority and was forced to resign, while the IRAA, according to
3325:, which exerted large influence over the conservative Korean officials who gathered around the royal family of the Joseon kingdom. On February 27, 1876, after several confrontations between Korean isolationists and the Japanese, Japan imposed the
5225:
on December 10, 1941, led to the east coast of Malaya being exposed to Japanese landings and the elimination of British naval power in the area. By the end of January 1942, the last Allied forces crossed the strait of Johore and into Singapore.
173:
171:
5767:
In the administration of Japan dominated by the military political movement during World War II, the civil central government was under the management of military men and their right-wing civilian allies, along with members of the nobility and
174:
2463:
to exist. Moreover, the shogunal government, the Tokugawa family in particular, remained a prominent force in the evolving political order and retained many executive powers, a prospect hard-liners from Satsuma and Chōshū found intolerable.
5881:
4405:
was an important figurehead and founder of the Army party and the most important militarist thinker in his time. His first ideological works date from his leadership of the Kōdōha (Imperial Benevolent Rule or Action Group), opposed by the
3502:
near Tianjin. In light of the precarious situation, the British were compelled to ask Japan for additional reinforcements, as the Japanese had the only readily available forces in the region. Britain at the time was heavily engaged in the
5031:
despite the fact that all historians knew Jimmu was a made up figure. In 1941 the Japanese government charged the one historian who dared to challenge Jimmu's existence publicly, Tsuda Sokichi. During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the
2614:
was made public at the enthronement of Emperor Meiji of Japan on April 7, 1868. The Oath outlined the main aims and the course of action to be followed during Emperor Meiji's reign, setting the legal stage for Japan's modernization. The
4027:
by the Red Army. However, the Japanese decided to stay, primarily due to fears of the spread of Communism so close to Japan and Japanese-controlled Korea and Manchuria. The Japanese army provided military support to the Japanese-backed
8548:
Constitutionally. The reign of the Shōwa Emperor in fact continued until 1989 since he did not abdicate after World War II. However, he lost his status as a living god and influence on politics after the 1947 constitution was adopted.
2654:
Japan. Renegotiation of the unequal treaties was universally unsuccessful, but close observation of the American and European systems inspired members on their return to bring about modernization initiatives in Japan. Japan made a
2827:. However, slow-changing social attitudes, especially in the countryside, meant that abattoirs and workers were met with hostility from local residents. Continued ostracism as well as the decline in living standards led to former
4503:
describes Japan as "somewhat pluralistic authoritarian system which exhibited some of the characteristics of fascism, but it did not develop fascism's most distinctive and revolutionary aspects" and had more in common with the
4090:
In the political milieu of the day, there was a proliferation of new parties, including socialist and communist parties. Fear of a broader electorate, left-wing power, and the growing social change led to the passage of the
3470:. On 12 June 1900, the advance of the Seymour Expedition was halted some 50 kilometres (30 mi) from the capital, by mixed Boxer and Chinese regular army forces. The vastly outnumbered allies withdrew to the vicinity of
5114:
out from the Philippines and Dutch East Indies, an independent, self-supporting economic entity will be firmly established – mirroring the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in another personification.
3034:
in the late 19th century in the Meiji restoration by the Japanese people and government in order to modernize and westernize Japan and break from their past feudal era of the Daimyo and Shoguns. It was only due to the
3039:
in Japan that cheap concrete replicas of those castles were built for tourists. The vast majority of castles in Japan today are new replicas made out of concrete. In 1959 a concrete keep was built for Nagoya castle.
5865:
5005:. Their objectives were to "establish and maintain a new order of things" in their respective world regions and spheres of influence, with Germany and Italy in Europe, and Japan in Asia. The signatories of this
3340:. The Qing government sent 2,800 troops to Korea. The Japanese countered by sending an 8,000-troop expeditionary force (the Oshima Composite Brigade) to Korea. The first 400 troops arrived on June 9 en route to
5257:
in the face of Japanese advance. This marked one of the worst defeats suffered by the Americans, leaving over 70,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war in the custody of the Japanese. On February 15, 1942,
3625:. While the ground war did not fare as poorly for the Russians, the Japanese forces were significantly more aggressive than their Russian counterparts and gained a political advantage that culminated with the
5717:
were fully responsible for protecting Japan from external threats. Japan only had a minor police force for domestic security. Japan was under the sole control of the United States. This was the only time in
5229:
On January 11, 1942, a Japanese submarine shelled the United States naval Station at Pago Pago in Samoa, suggesting that the Japanese were advancing to the direction of Australia and nearby Oceanic regions.
2870:
Christianity was repressed and adherents were persecuted. After the Tokugawa shogunate banned Christianity in 1620, it ceased to exist publicly. Many Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians
5310:. However, Allied sabotage had made it difficult for the Japanese to restore oil production to its pre-war peak. The Japanese then consolidated their lines of supply through capturing key islands of the
8676:
4438:
From September 1931, the Japanese were becoming more locked into the course that would lead them into the Second World War, with Araki leading the way. Increasing authoritarianism, ultranationalism,
165:
3353:
in Seoul and, by June 25, installed a puppet government in Seoul. The new pro-Japanese Korean government granted Japan the right to expel Qing forces while Japan dispatched more troops to Korea.
3483:
was to be deployed to northern China. Fukushima was chosen because he spoke fluent English which enabled him to communicate with the British commander. The force landed near Tianjin on July 5.
3141:, after the 1889 signing of Constitution of the Empire of Japan. The constitution formalized much of the Empire's political structure and gave many responsibilities and powers to the Emperor.
6571:
5514:
raid on Tokyo on the night of March 9–10, 1945, led to the deaths of approximately 120,000 civilians. Approximately 350,000–500,000 civilians died in 67 Japanese cities as a result of the
5390:, in spite of Japanese numerical superiority, equated to a strategic defeat for the Japanese. This setback was followed in June 1942 by the catastrophic loss of four fleet carriers at the
4543:
in his proposal for the Imperial Diet Building (present National Diet Building) in 1920 – although his proposal was ultimately rejected. Outside of the Japanese mainland, in places like
3690:, were similar to those granted western powers in Japan following the visit of Commodore Perry. Japanese involvement in Korea increased during the 1890s, a period of political upheaval.
5757:
5020:
For the sake of their own people and nation, Prime Minister Konoe formed the Taisei Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association) on October 12, 1940, as a ruling party in Japan.
2549:
campaign to seize the emperor's court in Kyoto. However, the tide rapidly turned in favor of the smaller but relatively modernized imperial faction and resulted in defections of many
4044:
withdrew the Japanese forces in October 1922. Japanese casualties from the expedition were 5,000 dead from combat or illness, with the expedition costing over 900 million yen.
163:
14069:
5474:
By 1944, the Allies had seized or bypassed and neutralized many of Japan's strategic bases through amphibious landings and bombardment. This, coupled with the losses inflicted by
5073:
in 20th century, Sokichi Tsuda's view of history, which has become mainstream after the World War II, is based on his idea. Many scholars today also believe that the mythology of
10850:
18719:
14084:
12499:
3929:
5534:. These bombings were the first and only combat use of nuclear weaponry. These two bombs killed approximately 120,000 people in a matter of seconds, and as many as a result of
4064:
The two-party political system that had been developing in Japan since the turn of the century came of age after World War I, giving rise to the nickname for the period, "
14268:
9161:
10659:
3154:
Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them, according to the provisions of the present Constitution.
10171:
9835:
11772:
11690:
11065:
16519:
2955:
16264:
9692:
5725:
General MacArthur later commended the new Japanese government that he helped establish and the new Japanese period when he was about to send the American forces to the
15865:
9755:
5024:
4897:
employed encircling tactics that made skillful use of superior artillery, armor, and air forces; this offensive nearly annihilated the 23rd Division and decimated the
4863:, between Imperial Russia and Manchu China (and subsequent supplementary agreements on demarcation), and furthermore, that the demarcation markers were tampered with.
4015:
In June 1920, around 450 Japanese civilians and 350 Japanese soldiers, along with Russian White Army supporters, were massacred by partisan forces associated with the
5478:
on Japanese shipping routes, began to strangle Japan's economy and undermine its ability to supply its army. By early 1945, the US Marines had wrested control of the
2399:." Although the shogunate had no intention of enforcing the order, it nevertheless inspired attacks against the shogunate itself and against foreigners in Japan. The
164:
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during the World War I than with the Third Reich. It was also noted that this political system lacked the figure of a single person with an absolute authority and a
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The state was being transformed to serve the Army and the Emperor. Symbolic katana swords came back into fashion as the martial embodiment of these beliefs, and the
10397:
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13803:
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In July 1918, President Wilson asked the Japanese government to supply 7,000 troops as part of an international coalition of 25,000 troops planned to support the
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15776:
14920:
14245:
11895:
4833:. The Second Sino-Japanese War continued into World War II with the Communists and Nationalists in a temporary and uneasy nominal alliance against the Japanese.
2206:
The historical state is frequently referred to as the "Empire of Japan", the "Japanese Empire", or "Imperial Japan" in English. In Japanese it is referred to as
8819:
During a recess, Saigō, who had his troops outside, "remarked that it would take only one short sword to settle the discussion". The word used for "dagger" was
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18400:
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5905:
2705:, both of which were characteristic of the samurai class, which was abolished together with the caste system. This would later bring the Meiji government into
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and State Shinto ideology believed them to be) but rather propagandistic myths concocted to explain and legitimize the rule of the imperial dynasty, also saw
4446:
were to become the rule, with fewer voices able to speak against it. In a September 23 news conference, Araki first mentioned the philosophy of "Kōdōha" (The
18449:
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Wilbanks, Bob (2004). Last Man Out. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. pp. 45, 53, 56, 68–69, 80–81, 84–85, 92, 98–99, 100, 102, 106–107.
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The Empire of Japan's military was divided into two main branches: the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. To coordinate operations, the
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campaign on Japan. Concurrent with these attacks, Japan's vital coastal shipping operations were severely hampered with extensive aerial mining by the US's
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administered the country. In 1947, through Allied efforts, a new Japan's constitution was enacted, officially ending the Japanese Empire and forming modern
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has never undertaken a full accounting of the massacre. In total, an estimated 20 million Chinese, mostly civilians, were killed during World War II.
4740:, a Chinese territory bordering Manchukuo, was later also taken in 1933. This puppet regime had to carry on a protracted pacification campaign against the
3052:
2052:, often regarded as the fastest modernization of any country to date. All of these aspects contributed to Japan's emergence as a great power following the
6513:
4023:; the United States and its allied coalition partners consequently withdrew from Vladivostok after the capture and execution of White Army leader Admiral
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In 1931, Japan invaded and conquered Northeast China (Manchuria) with little resistance. Japan claimed that this invasion was a liberation of the local
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After sending observers to the United States, the Empire of Japan initially copied the decentralized American system with no central bank. In 1871, the
2766:
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14471:
14161:
14112:
14027:
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In the 1860s, Japan began to experience great social turmoil and rapid modernization. The feudal caste system in Japan formally ended in 1869 with the
5182:
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese launched offensives against Allied forces in East and Southeast Asia, with simultaneous attacks in
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was conducted, where 5,650 to 18,000 Filipinos died under the rule of the imperial army. In May 1942, failure to decisively defeat the Allies at the
5158:
that could incur enough losses to make the Allied forces consider making peace on the basis of Japan's retainment of the territories she had gained.
4756:), which was also predominantly Chinese as a result of recent Han immigration to the area. At that time, East Asians were banned from immigration to
4075:. The death toll was estimated to have exceeded to 140,000 lives lost. On the same day, the Imperial Japanese Army and its nationalists committed a
18840:
15480:
14860:
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4450:). The concept of Kodo linked the Emperor, the people, land, and morality as indivisible. This led to the creation of a "new" Shinto and increased
5545:, the US, the UK, and the USSR had agreed that the USSR would enter the war on Japan within three months of the defeat of Germany in Europe. This
5117:
Facing an oil embargo by the United States as well as dwindling domestic reserves, the Japanese government decided to execute a plan developed by
3532:
with China, which permitted them to station troops on Chinese soil to protect their citizens. After the treaty, Russia continued to occupy all of
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was a factor in the US decision to demonstrate the use of atomic weapons to the USSR, just as the Allied victory in Europe was evolving into the
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led to the eventual loss of many of Japan's Oceanian island possessions in the following three years. Eventually, the American military captured
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At the beginning of the Boxer Rebellion the Japanese only had 215 troops in northern China stationed at Tientsin; nearly all of them were naval
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4859:. This incursion was founded in the Japanese belief that the Soviet Union misinterpreted the demarcation of the boundary, as stipulated in the
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248:
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12952:
4905:, in which the Soviet Union pledged to respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of Manchukuo, while Japan agreed similarly for the
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electoral districts for at least one year and were not homeless. The electorate thereby increased from 3.3 million to 12.5 million.
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in the following weeks, months and years. The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945.
4539:
styled buildings; and can have a centrally elevated structure with a pyramidal dome. The prototype for this style was developed by architect
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5522:. Regardless, these efforts did not succeed in persuading the Japanese military to surrender. In mid-August 1945, the United States dropped
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3329:, forcing Korea open to Japanese trade. The act blocked any other power from dominating Korea, resolving to end the centuries-old Chinese
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13138:
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5013:. The pact also called for mutual protection—if any one of the member powers was attacked by a country not already at war, excluding the
3148:
Article 2. The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
1202:
3099:
The idea of a written constitution had been a subject of heated debate within and outside of the government since the beginnings of the
2712:
Several writers, under the constant threat of assassination from their political foes, were influential in winning Japanese support for
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18950:
18430:
18386:
16357:
15082:
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3264:. The use of strike action also increased, and 1897, with the establishment of a union for metalworkers, the foundations of the modern
2674:
1773:
1713:
2991:
Under the Meiji Restoration, the practices of the samurai classes, deemed feudal and unsuitable for modern times following the end of
2748:
strength. Japan's rise has been meteoric. After only 80 years, it is one of the few great powers that determine the fate of the world.
2143:, leaving the Japanese mainland unprotected and without a significant naval defense force. By August 1945, plans had been made for an
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proved successful. The German colonial troops surrendered on November 7, 1914, and Japan gained the German holdings. In 1920, the
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2838:, the Japanese Meiji government brutally put down revolts by Japanese samurai angry over the legal revocation of the traditional
18321:
11437:
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5430:, the Allies, including the combined United States forces together with the native guerrilla units, recaptured the Philippines.
19056:
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12447:
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In 1942, at the moment of its greatest extension, the empire encompassed territories spanning over 7,400,000 square kilometers.
5662:. With the formal surrender before, the empire's territory was much reduced to the Japanese archipelago; mostly the islands of
5648:
5506:
bombers in nighttime low altitude incendiary raids, burning Japanese cities in an effort to pulverize Japan's war industry and
5401:
in September 1942, which was the first land defeat suffered by the Japanese in the Pacific. Further victories by the Allies at
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and continued negotiating with Japan for possible peace in Asia, the Imperial Japanese Navy at the same time made its surprise
4652:
4606:
4351:
1988:
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as a negative figure, arguing that he was created to serve as the rebellious opposite of the imperial ancestress Amaterasu. A
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Article 7. The Emperor convokes the Imperial Diet, opens, closes and prorogues it, and dissolves the House of Representatives.
2892:
was brought to Japan in the 19th century by St. Nicholas (baptized as Ivan Dmitrievich Kasatkin), who was sent in 1861 by the
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9941:
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in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United States and its allies placed embargoes on Japan of
3432:
1723:
1648:
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was renewed and expanded in scope twice, in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921. It was officially terminated in 1923.
1548:
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9513:
Equal-to-the-Apostles St. Nicholas of Japan, Russian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist web-site, Washington D.C.
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zones. The American public saw the attack as barbaric and treacherous and rallied against the Japanese. Four days later,
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4850:
3507:, so a large part of the British army was tied down in South Africa. Further, deploying large numbers of troops from its
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of China's Qing dynasty. The Japanese government initially sought to separate Korea from Qing and make Korea a Japanese
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In 1871 the Dampatsurei edict forced all samurai to cut off their topknots, a traditional source of identity and pride.
9568:
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9286:
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8646:
5427:
4495:, Japan would turn to a form of government that resembled totalitarianism. This unique style of government, similar to
3917:, and international condemnation, Japan withdrew the final group of demands, and treaties were signed in May 1915. The
1326:
1301:
449:
5270:
of British-led military personnel in history. An estimated 80,000 Australian, British and Indian troops were taken as
4145:
platform was committed to the parliamentary system, democratic politics, and world peace. Thereafter, until 1932, the
18974:
18537:
18415:
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6341:
4961:
The Second Sino-Japanese War had seen tensions rise between Imperial Japan and the United States; events such as the
4951:
4519:
In the early twentieth century, a distinctive style of architecture was developed for the empire. Now referred to as
4258:
3795:
was officially part of the Empire of Japan for 35 years, from August 29, 1910, until the formal Japanese rule ended,
3649:
3193:
2655:
1553:
15027:
10582:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume 3: The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931 – April 1942
10336:
Kevin McDowell. Japan in Manchuria: Agricultural Emigration in the Japanese Empire, 1932–1945. University of Arizona
8599:
2427:
in 1863. The Tokugawa government agreed to pay an indemnity for Richardson's death. Shelling of foreign shipping in
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18505:
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18391:
18001:
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17011:
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9606:
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8210:
6457:
5199:
4236:
4029:
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3914:
2758:
2287:
This meaning is significant in terms of geography, encompassing Japan, and its surrounding areas. The nomenclature
2010:
1964:
1671:
1384:
740:
591:
15652:
10732:
3902:
3243:
3145:
Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.
19076:
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13833:
12744:
12664:
12602:
12109:
8206:
6206:
6074:
5351:
5187:
4579:
During the 1920s, the whole global economy was dubbed as "a decade of global uncertainty". At the same time, the
4099:
3842:
3499:
3361:
2900:, Hokkaidō as priest to a chapel of the Russian Consulate. St. Nicholas of Japan made his own translation of the
2673:
The Japanese government sent observers to Western countries to observe and learn their practices, and also paid "
2021:, and the empire's territory subsequently shrunk to cover only the Japanese archipelago resembling modern Japan.
1613:
17:
18622:
15822:
15390:
13305:
10711:
Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan Tsuyoshi Hasegawa Belknap Press (October 30, 2006)
9906:
5647:. This new constitution was imposed by the United States under the supervision of MacArthur. MacArthur included
4778:
3993:
in Japan's security, either through the creation of a buffer state or through outright territorial acquisition.
2573:. An expeditionary force was dispatched by the new government and the Ezo Republic forces were overwhelmed. The
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3613:. Those elements that attempted escape were defeated by the Japanese navy under Admiral Togo Heihachiro at the
3326:
3313:, fought in 1894 and 1895, revolved around the issue of control and influence over Korea under the rule of the
3239:
2697:." The government also outlawed customs linked to Japan's feudal past, such as publicly displaying and wearing
2108:
2084:
and authoritarianism, and this ideological shift eventually culminated in Japan joining the Axis alliance with
1960:
1766:
1431:
1351:
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1389:
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18405:
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9265:. 4th edition, 2016. p. 364: "There has also been some debate as to whether Japan was even a ‘dictatorship’."
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7662:
7327:
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5183:
4901:. On September 15 an armistice was arranged. Nearly two years later, on April 13, 1941, the parties signed a
4822:
3807:. The 1905 and 1910 treaties were eventually declared "null and void" by both Japan and South Korea in 1965.
3686:
to Japanese citizens and opened three Korean ports to Japanese trade. The rights granted to Japan under this
2980:
translated into Japanese was among the first Protestant literature in Japan. In 1865, McCartee moved back to
2147:, but were shelved after Japan surrendered in the face of a major breakthrough by the Western Allies and the
2089:
1638:
18099:
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10100:
9241:
5426:
was committed by the imperial army against Filipinos in December 1944. In the subsequent months, during the
4786:) in China, on August 13, 1937. Japanese troops are shown passing from Beiping into the Tartar City through
3200:. Both houses opened seats for colonial people as well as Japanese. The Imperial Diet continued until 1947.
3059:
as a political move to link the Meiji restoration to the Kenmu restoration for their new State Shinto cult.
2171:. During this time, the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces were dissolved. It was later replaced by the current
18993:
18938:
18467:
18410:
18376:
17960:
17856:
17231:
17192:
16111:
15939:
15924:
15851:
15830:
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15326:
15112:
15105:
15089:
14800:
14759:
14731:
14357:
13984:
13924:
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13726:
13496:
13282:
12986:
12825:
12724:
12396:
12267:
11721:
11662:
11652:
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5048:
4893:, the Red Army's high command, to develop a plan for a counterstrike against the Japanese. In late August,
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2156:
1747:
1737:
1681:
1666:
1623:
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of Italy declared war on the United States, merging the separate conflicts. The United States entered the
5047:, which had a great influence in post-war Japanese intellectual circles. The early 20th century historian
4554:
Overall, during the 1920s, Japan changed its direction toward a democratic system of government. However,
4060:
is credited as being the first Japanese party leader and an important force for liberalism in Meiji Japan.
3973:
with Germany. After this, various factions that succeeded the Russian Empire fought amongst themselves in
3648:), as well as many mineral rights in Manchuria. In addition, Russia's defeat cleared the way for Japan to
3511:
would take too much time and weaken internal security there. Overriding personal doubts, Foreign Minister
2523:
90:
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18457:
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16642:
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13150:
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12937:
12932:
12701:
12689:
12684:
12071:
11890:
11761:
8140:
5997:
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5582:
3048:
2677:" in a variety of fields to come to Japan to educate the populace. For instance, the judicial system and
1581:
1511:
13211:
10346:
9918:
9729:
9455:, p. 340, notes that one might "describe the Oath in Five Articles as a constitution for all ages".
4334:
were all allied as well. Other organizations and groups related with the government in wartime were the
2858:
last decade of the Edo period, some new religious movements appeared, which were directly influenced by
104:
18792:
18549:
18527:
18182:
18175:
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Japan adopted a parliamentary-based political system, and the role of the Emperor became symbolic. The
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5303:
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3337:
3304:
2554:
2432:
1984:
1718:
1576:
1331:
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221:
37:
10506:"17. Memories Of A Liberal, Liberalism Of Memory: Tsuda Sōkichi And A Few Things He Forgot To Mention"
7727:
6478:
6432:
6362:
5634:. In the foreground are several Allied soldiers watching the proceedings from the back of the balcony.
4326:
and Kokka Shakai Shugi Gakumei (National Socialist League) also had close ties to the government. The
4194:
3577:
3184:
Article 17. A Regency shall be instituted in conformity with the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
18381:
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18092:
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17325:
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9159:
Taeuber, Irene B.; Beal, Edwin G. (January 1945). "The Demographic Heritage of the Japanese Empire".
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3617:. Following a late start, the Russian Baltic fleet was denied passage through the British-controlled
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2605:
2404:
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2172:
1992:
1980:
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1693:
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1136:
1098:
969:
217:
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15383:
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10372:
10347:"The Unquiet Past Seven decades on from the defeat of Japan, memories of war still divide East Asia"
9587:
4572:
4421:
4379:
4072:
3909:
to aid Allied shipping. Japan sought further to consolidate its position in China by presenting the
3412:. Komura became Minister for Foreign Affairs under the first Katsura administration, and signed the
2081:
1416:
19051:
18755:
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12893:
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9030:, p. 334, "One can date the "restoration" of imperial rule from the edict of January 3, 1868."
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in 1925, which forbade any change in the political structure or the abolition of private property.
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to China in January 1915. In the face of slow negotiations with the Chinese government, widespread
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3614:
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2517:
2513:
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in 1954. Reconstruction under the Allied occupation continued until 1952, consolidating the modern
2112:
1880:
1538:
1456:
1421:
1379:
701:
33:
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15376:
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to make people believe that the class was precious because they originated in the heavenly realm.
4855:
In 1938, the Japanese 19th Division entered territory claimed by the Soviet Union, leading to the
3901:
With its Western allies, notably the United Kingdom, heavily involved in the war in Europe, Japan
18351:
17784:
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surprise attack on the Russian Eastern fleet stationed at Port Arthur, which was followed by the
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was still low due to samurai and their descendants being overrepresented in the new elite class.
3066:
used to look like when they rebuilt it. The rebuilding was originally planned for the Shōwa era.
2893:
2374:
The following years saw increased foreign trade and interaction; commercial treaties between the
2159:. The Pacific War officially came to an end on 2 September 1945, leading to the beginning of the
2132:
2053:
1658:
1481:
1311:
1296:
649:
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13516:
10997:
Ion, Hamish (2014). "The Idea of Naval Imperialism: The China Squadron and the Boxer Uprising".
10946:
10450:
Joseph K. Yamagiwa (September 1955). "Literature and Politics in the Japanese Magazine, Sekai".
6844:
6794:
6219:
6034:
5850:
5658:
Upon adoption of the 1947 constitution, the Empire of Japan was dissolved and became simply the
4330:(residents committee) groups, the Nation Service Society (national government trade union), and
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9693:"Nagoya Castle's concrete keep to be demolished and replaced with traditional wooden structure"
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The Meiji Constitution. The Japanese Experience Of The West And The Shaping Of The Modern State
8166:, Hawaii (December 7), prompting the United States to declare war on Japan (December 8). Japan
8163:
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becomes prime minister (January 16). Konoe becomes prime minister for a second term (July 22).
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established the South Seas Mandate under Japanese administration to replace German New Guinea.
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2018:
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110:
32:"The Japanese Empire" redirects here. For the relationship between Japan and its colonies, see
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and the Nanjing Massacre turned American public opinion against Japan. With the occupation of
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in Manchuria. In 1936, Japan created a similar Mongolian puppet state in Inner Mongolia named
3181:
Article 16. The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation of punishments and rehabilitation.
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Article 6. The Emperor gives sanction to laws, and orders them to be promulgated and executed.
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Article 5. The Emperor exercises the legislative power with the consent of the Imperial Diet.
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2435:
by a multinational force in 1864. The Chōshū clan also launched the failed coup known as the
1956:
1316:
791:
753:
18298:
18212:
15578:
10479:
Nichibunken Japan Review: Bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies
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3602:
3169:
Article 12. The Emperor determines the organization and peace standing of the Army and Navy.
2948:, was also canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as a Saint and Martyr in the year 2000.
186:
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The constitution recognized the need for change and modernization after the removal of the
3036:
3009:
2415:. The British demanded reparations but were denied. While attempting to exact payment, the
2124:
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1968:
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to pressure the Joseon Dynasty into signing the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, which granted
3178:
Article 15. The Emperor confers titles of nobility, rank, orders and other marks of honor.
2558:
stripped of all his power by Emperor Meiji and most of Japan accepted the emperor's rule.
240:
8:
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5486:, marking the beginning of the fall of the islands of Japan. After securing airfields in
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obligation to make sacrifices for the emperor and the state—were attempted as solutions.
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3668:
3645:
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was signed between Japan and China, which ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of
2973:
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2238:
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2073:
2014:
1976:
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906:
268:
225:
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comments in his booklet "The Secret of Japan's Strength", published in 1942, during the
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Masato Shizume, "A History of the Bank of Japan, 1882–2016." (Waseda University, 2016)
9198:
9190:
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1945: Allied bombers begin firebombing of major Japanese cities. Allied victory at the
8186:
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7722:
7593:
7511:
7434:
7288:
7218:
7107:
6620:
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6223:
5773:
5483:
5439:
5383:
5214:. The Allies lacked aircover and tanks; the Japanese had complete air superiority. The
4970:
4293:
4190:
3962:
After the fall of the Tsarist regime and the later provisional regime in 1917, the new
3910:
3852:
3800:
3716:
In Korea, the period is usually described as the "Time of Japanese Forced Occupation" (
3633:
3622:
3597:
3556:
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3521:
3480:
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China objected and war ensued. Japanese ground troops routed the Chinese forces on the
3273:
3253:
3082:
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and Western countries were signed. In large part due to the humiliating terms of these
2375:
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1653:
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879:
768:
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229:
18477:
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8951:
8773:"During the second half of the nineteenth century, Japan's nation-builders forged the
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9546:
Orthodox translation of Gospel into Japanese, Pravostok Orthodox Portal, October 2006
9282:
9202:
9182:
9170:
9120:
9100:
9047:
8930:
8905:
8746:
8298:) (August 9 – September 2). Japan surrenders (September 2): Allied occupation begins.
8259:
8194:
8190:
8093:
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8006:
8002:
becomes prime minister (December 13) and increases funding for the military in China.
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7902:
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in full force, thereby bringing the United States to World War II on the side of the
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3018:
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2706:
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2400:
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1952:
1703:
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1306:
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1146:
623:
559:
411:
403:
340:
325:
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10937:
10677:
8400:
8255:
7956:
7045:
6318:
6146:
6008:
5993:
5963:
4551:, Imperial Crown Style architecture often included regional architectural elements.
4281:
4076:
3819:
2475:
2187:
2100:. However, there has been a debate over defining the political system of Japan as a
480:
18804:
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18272:
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10486:
10477:
Gadeleva, Emilia (2000). "Susanoo: One of the Central Gods in Japanese Mythology".
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8233:
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5987:
5896:
5892:
5805:
5719:
5594:
5423:
5391:
5363:
5299:
5271:
5262:, due to the overwhelming superiority of Japanese forces and encirclement tactics,
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5195:
5143:
5139:
5118:
5043:
5033:
5002:
4966:
4898:
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4613:
4540:
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4193:
and how the military had/gained influence in the civilian cabinet. You can help by
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2120:
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977:
14985:
12479:
10373:"Question 戦前の日本における対ユダヤ人政策の基本をなしたと言われる「ユダヤ人対策要綱」に関する史料はありますか。また、同要綱に関する説明文はありますか。"
8517:
8005:
1932: After an attack on Japanese monks in Shanghai (January 18), Japanese forces
7401:
7146:
6705:
6060:, headed by the Emperor, was established in 1893. Prominent generals and leaders:
5929:
4477:
3827:
3548:
French illustration of a Japanese assault on entrenched Russian troops during the
3409:
2686:
2448:
2382:, the shogunate soon faced internal hostility, which materialized into a radical,
2027:
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5382:. During the same month, after the Japanese victory in the Battle of Bataan, the
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to attack the United States Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. While the United States was
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Manchuria, and China, notably, the Liaodong Peninsula, controlled by the city of
3512:
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3192:
was established in response to the Meiji Constitution. The Diet consisted of the
3087:
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3027:
2835:
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2650:
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2119:. However, from 1942 onwards, and particularly after decisive Allied advances at
2096:. During this period, the Japanese army committed many atrocities, including the
2057:
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1436:
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893:
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244:
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12141:
10620:
9869:"Social Mobility in Japan, 1868–2012: The Surprising Persistence of the Samurai"
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8516:
from his birth until November 11, 1860, when he was proclaimed heir apparent to
8022:
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7206:
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7140:
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6635:
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5911:
His Imperial Highness Count Nagayoshi Ogasawara, a member of the Imperial Family
5857:
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5811:
4535:(帝冠式, Teikanshiki). The style is identified by Japanese-style roofing on top of
4083:
2985:
2639:
2478:, leader of the Satsuma clan, threatened the assembly into abolishing the title
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522:
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10746:
Peattie, Mark R. (1988). "Chapter 5 – The Japanese Colonial Empire 1895–1945".
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under Chief of Staff Yui Mitsue had occupied all ports and major towns in the
3208:
2940:, appointed the first Bishop of Kyoto and later martyred as the archbishop of
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6049:(1850–1926), at the unveiling ceremony of the bronze statue of Field Marshal
6042:
5967:
5739:
5695:
5687:
5627:
4894:
4886:
4882:
4737:
4733:
4676:
4513:
4505:
4359:
4009:
3694:
3621:. The fleet arrived on the scene a year later, only to be annihilated in the
3350:
3336:
On June 4, 1894, Korea requested aid from the Qing Empire in suppressing the
3189:
3108:
2901:
2732:
in about 25 years as a result of industrialization and economic development.
2663:
2589:
2452:
2304:
2277:
2268:
2263:"nation, state", literally "Imperial State" or "Imperial Realm" (compare the
2183:
2176:
2128:
1972:
1501:
1496:
842:
468:
427:
408:
377:
96:
12096:
10641:
7762:
6666:
6401:
Population density map of the Japanese archipelago and southern Kuril (1940)
6259:
6085:
6050:
3404:
2001:
not parts of the empire but dependent territories. In the closing stages of
1372:
18628:
18360:
17952:
17756:
16049:
15954:
15585:
14948:
14712:
13906:
13340:
11592:
11469:
11116:
9624:
9043:
The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison
8774:
8624:
8489:
8129:
8059:
7867:
7732:
7657:
7642:
7616:
7553:
7487:
7378:
7282:
6899:
6761:
6624:
6616:
6597:
6542:
6311:
6038:
6012:
5703:
5683:
5563:
5419:
5307:
5283:
5135:
5084:
5074:
5014:
4998:
4940:
4830:
4787:
4709:
4637:
4465:
4443:
3804:
3709:. After proclaimed the founding of the Korean Empire, Korea was officially
3702:
3672:
3389:
3322:
3291:
as the new decimal currency. It had parity with the Mexican silver dollar.
3013:
2969:
2941:
2850:
2846:
2690:
2611:
2597:
2508:
2443:
was established in 1866 to combine their efforts to overthrow the Tokugawa
2148:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2002:
1948:
1533:
1197:
1091:
1063:
1049:
1035:
832:
727:
602:
388:
135:
12166:
11783:
8874:
4285:
4272:
4098:
In 1932, Park Chun-kum was elected to the House of Representatives in the
3933:
Commanding Officers and Chiefs of Staff of the Allied Military Mission to
3172:
Article 13. The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and concludes treaties.
2195:
1404:
1141:
419:
18998:
18264:
17591:
17577:
17239:
15908:
15729:
15714:
15068:
14117:
14022:
13720:
13155:
12576:
12244:
11793:
11062:
10226:
8263:
8159:
8014:
7842:
7822:
7817:
7712:
7576:
7315:
7296:
7021:
6181:
6140:
6081:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Prime Minister of Japan, Founder of the IJA
5838:
5691:
5515:
5315:
5147:
5100:
5010:
4922:
4701:
4402:
4311:
4280:
ascended to the throne on 25 December 1926, upon the death of his father
3938:
3858:
3544:
3261:
3095:, showing the Prime Minister speaking addressing the House of Peers, 1915
2752:
2740:
2725:
2721:
2428:
2308:
2116:
2065:
2006:
1471:
1077:
675:
585:
569:
18105:
10101:"Question 1917年(大正6年)のロシア革命時に、シベリアに在留していたポーランド孤児を日本政府が救済したことについて調べています。"
9112:
8632:
6466:
6420:
6350:
5017:
and for technological and economic cooperation between the signatories.
4288:. He would rule Japan as the 126th emperor to claim direct descent from
4177:
3565:
2585:
2566:
1835:
16946:
16699:
16678:
15564:
14897:
14825:
12041:
11657:
11303:
11146:
10660:"WW2 historical markers remind Pinoys of Bataan's role on Day of Valor"
10566:
10542:
10463:
9194:
7882:
7672:
7152:
6967:
6749:
Medical scientists, biologists, evolutionary theorists, and geneticists
5726:
5699:
5549:
led to the fall of Japan's Manchurian occupation, Soviet occupation of
5406:
5166:
4803:
4586:
4439:
4427:
4339:
4327:
4310:
Important institutional links existed between the party in government (
4243: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3618:
3330:
3111:
with suspicion and trepidation, and favored a gradualist approach. The
3073:, unlike the original destroyed wooden version of the bridge from 836.
2921:
2503:
2491:
2416:
2383:
2356:
2037:
1543:
1526:
1273:
1222:
1108:
837:
288:
11950:
10999:
British Naval Strategy East of Suez, 1900–2000: Influences and Actions
10490:
10174:. House of Representatives of Japan. November 16, 2000. Archived from
10051:
The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910
9384:, p. 285) speculates that Yoshinobu had agreed to an assembly of
5397:
Australian land forces defeated Japanese Marines in New Guinea at the
5274:, joining 50,000 taken in the Japanese invasion of Malaya (modern day
4424:), to form the ideological basis of the movement (Shōwa nationalism).
4407:
3815:
3775:). In Japan, a more common description is "The Korea of Japanese rule"
2951:
2272:). The name "Empire of Japan" appeared for the first time in the 1854
18779:
18695:
18647:
18572:
18498:
18260:
17209:
16614:
16411:
16222:
16013:
15968:
13912:
13679:
12373:
12348:
12343:
12151:
12022:
11955:
11627:
9076:"The Dialectics of Remembrance: Memories of Empire in Cold War Japan"
8532:
No multiple era names were given for each reign after Emperor Meiji.
8279:
8275:
8267:
8111:
8066:
8010:
7983:
1930: Hamaguchi is wounded in an assassination attempt (November 14).
5875:, the 3rd head of a collateral branch of the Japanese Imperial Family
5574:
5527:
5198:
the Japanese overwhelmed an Allied army composed of British, Indian,
5070:
4987:
4745:
4713:
4319:
4289:
4107:
3963:
3533:
3287:
of Meiji 4 (1871) abolished the local currencies and established the
3166:
Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army and Navy.
3123:
3104:
2859:
2801:
2786:
2772:
2767:
History of the Catholic Church in Japan § Rediscovery and return
2729:
2420:
2368:
2338:
2049:
1853:
1569:
1289:
1263:
126:
15489:
9737:
Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture
4527:), before the end of World War II, it was originally referred to as
4218:
3380:. Soon afterward, Russia occupied the Liaodong Peninsula, built the
3062:
Japanese had to look at old paintings in order to find out what the
2351:
15473:
15201:
14172:
12452:
11880:
11571:
11515:
10851:"Castles and the Militarisation of Urban Society in Imperial Japan"
9412:, p. 122. Original quotation (Japanese): "短刀一本あればかたづくことだ." in
8504:
The Japanese imperial family name has no surname or dynastic name.
8449:
8271:
7970:
7647:
6325:
6246:
6216:
5772:. The Emperor was in the center of this power structure as supreme
5758:
List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II
5667:
5652:
5567:
5531:
5326:
5275:
5237:, the Japanese pushed the combined American-Filipino force towards
5130:
4681:
4594:
4581:
4277:
4165:
4016:
3871:
3867:
3637:
3504:
3230:
2959:
2905:
2897:
2854:
2776:
2702:
2191:
2136:
1819:
1803:
492:
383:
193:
153:
11347:
6619:(1875–1960) was a mathematician who made seminal contributions to
4299:
4052:
3435:
under Lt. General Yamaguchi Motoomi; the remainder were 540 naval
2626:
18009:
11622:
8737:
in Tokyo, took on ever greater proportions as their number grew."
8488:
Each posthumous name was given after the respective era names as
8096:
8062:
5675:
5593:
and other territories. In a national radio address on August 15,
5311:
5295:
5066:
4811:
4798:
Japan invaded China proper in 1937, beginning a war against both
4783:
4496:
4416:
4005:
3934:
3710:
3678:
In January 1876, following the Meiji Restoration, Japan employed
3471:
3345:
3137:
2913:
2824:
2682:
2577:
came to an end in May 1869 and the remaining forces surrendered.
2408:
1997:
372:
5887:
His Imperial Highness Marquess Michitsune Koga, a member of the
2359:
came to an end when the country was forced open to trade by the
18294:
16090:
14681:
12305:
11474:
11285:
10887:
End of Empire: 100 Days in 1945 that Changed Asia and the World
8725:
8724:
Although the Empire of Japan officially had no state religion,
5707:
5690:
historically belonged to Japan and were first inhabited by the
5671:
5663:
5487:
5287:
5279:
5170:
Victorious Japanese troops marching through the city center of
5054:
4936:
4890:
4810:. On December 13 of that same year, the Nationalist capital of
4700:
from the Chinese, although the majority of the population were
4697:
4590:
4544:
3753:
3735:
3717:
3528:
After the uprising, Japan and the Western countries signed the
3224:
3214:
2981:
2863:
2698:
2345:
2321:
2045:
1248:
12545:
10885:
Chandler, David P.; Cribb, Robert; Narangoa, Li, eds. (2016).
10621:"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942"
9162:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
4420:
code) and contemporary local and European fascist ideals (see
3103:. The conservative Meiji oligarchy viewed anything resembling
18256:
18015:
16278:
14340:
11667:
10788:"Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: Japan, 1900 a.d.–present"
10729:"Resurgent Japan military 'can stand toe to toe with anybody"
10485:. International Research Center for Japanese Studies: 166–7.
10077:
A reckless adventure in Taiwan amid Meiji Restoration turmoil
9527:(in Japanese). The Orthodox Church in Japan. February 1, 2007
8902:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania
6636:
Anthropologists, ethnologists, archaeologists, and historians
6256:
6229:
5659:
4548:
3769:
3749:
3731:
3498:
had joined British, Russian, and German sailors to seize the
3479:
provisional force of 1,300 troops commanded by Major General
3341:
2619:
also aimed to boost morale and win financial support for the
2490:
attacks in Edo, starting with the burning of the outworks of
2487:
2471:
2316:
2168:
2111:
initially achieved large-scale military successes during the
2068:. Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s, including the
920:
294:
282:
206:
10827:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
10036:
The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero
9836:
The Ashio Riot of 1907: A Social History of Mining in Japan.
9525:"日本の正教会の歴史と現代 "History of Japanese Orthodox Church and Now""
5589:, the declaration of war by the Soviet Union and subsequent
5556:
superior numbers of the armies of the Soviet Union in Europe
5278:). The Japanese then seized the key oil production zones of
1925:
Imperial State of Greater Japan or the Great Japanese Empire
8493:
5491:
5291:
5206:
forces. The Japanese were quickly able to advance down the
4947:
4729:
3675:
in order to further their security and national interests.
2127:, Japan was forced to adopt a defensive stance against the
10785:
8039:
becomes prime minister (July 8). Japan withdraws from the
8025:
becomes prime minister (May 15). Japan is censured by the
5378:
In April 1942, Japan was bombed for the first time in the
4431:
Rebel troops assembling at police headquarters during the
3734:: 日帝强占期). Other terms include "Japanese Imperial Period" (
2689:
as "an attempt to control popular thought with a blend of
2050:
period of large-scale industrialization and militarization
18623:
States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
10172:"第150回国会 政治倫理の確立及び公職選挙法改正に関する特別委員会 第12号 平成12年11月16日(木曜日)"
9711:"Shinbutsu bunri – the separation of Shinto and Buddhism"
9355:
9307:
8977:
8975:
8677:
Germany–Japan industrial co-operation before World War II
5051:, who put forward the then-controversial theory that the
4106:
Unstable coalitions and divisiveness in the Diet led the
3288:
3069:
The Japanese used mostly concrete in 1934 to rebuild the
2630:
Prominent members of the Iwakura mission. Left to right:
2303:, with the intention of forming a modern state to resist
11015:
10642:"Oil and Japanese Strategy in the Solomons: A Postulate"
9436:
9434:
9004:"Chronological table 5 December 1, 1946 – June 23, 1947"
8258:
becomes prime minister (April 7). Allied victory at the
8017:
as emperor (February 29). Inukai is assassinated during
6623:, and a member of the selection committee for the first
6541:(1847–1928), editor of two well-known Japanese-language
4314:) and military and political organizations, such as the
3376:
forced Japan to withdraw from Liaodong Peninsula in the
2804:
equal legal status. It is currently better known as the
2392:(literally "Revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians").
9730:"Process of architectural wooden preservation in Japan"
9662:
Japan's Modern Castles Episode One: Himeji Castle (姫路城)
7409:
7094:
4829:
was also set up in China quickly afterwards, headed by
4457:
On February 26, 1936, a coup d'état was attempted (the
4369:
3372:
to Japan. After the peace treaty, Russia, Germany, and
3212:
Baron Masuda Tarokaja, a member of the House of Peers (
15343:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
10600:
10541:
Reader, Ian (2003). Befu, Harumi; Oguma, Eiji (eds.).
10301:
Heteroglossic Asia: The Transformation of Urban Taiwan
10000:
9607:"A Race Across Japan to See its Last Original Castles"
9319:
9295:
9221:
9209:
8972:
8895:
8760:
8754:
7297:
Philosophers, educators, mathematicians, and polymaths
5025:
celebrated the 2600th anniversary of Jimmu's ascension
2999:
2992:
2928:. Nicholas has since been canonized as a saint by the
2753:
Transposition in social order and cultural destruction
2013:
was issued on 2 September 1945 in compliance with the
1885:
10884:
10588:
10017:
10015:
10013:
9998:
9996:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9988:
9986:
9984:
9982:
9980:
9857:
Hardy's Case, The Japan Weekly Mail, January 4, 1875.
9431:
8124:
becomes prime minister (January 5). Japan annexs the
6321:(1887–1944), attack on Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway
6177:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Prime Minister of Japan
5330:
A model representing the attack by dive bombers from
5059:'s accounts were not based on history (as Edo period
4790:, the main gate leading onward to the palaces in the
4322:. Amongst the himitsu kessha (secret societies), the
3466:. The Japanese were able to contribute 52 men to the
2466:
On January 3, 1868, Satsuma-Chōshū forces seized the
2419:
was fired on from coastal batteries near the town of
10636:
10634:
10297:
9955:
9953:
9936:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 225.
9419:
9391:
9343:
9331:
8960:
8672:
Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan
8614:
8032:
1933: Japan leaves the League of Nations (March 27).
3886:. The swift invasion in the German territory of the
2561:
Pro-Tokugawa remnants retreated to northern Honshū (
2367:
arrived in Japan in 1854. Thus, the period known as
2324:"Empire of the Sun" and "Empire of the Rising Sun".
10909:
Japan's Imperial Army: Its Rise and Fall, 1853–1945
10433:"2600th Anniversary of the Founding of Japan, 1940"
9466:"明治8年(1875)4月|漸次立憲政体樹立の詔が発せられ、元老院・大審院が設置される:日本のあゆみ"
8796:, "Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Armed Forces"
6581:(1803–1901) was a biologist and a professor at the
3115:demanded the immediate establishment of an elected
2482:and ordered the confiscation of Yoshinobu's lands.
11120:
11043:
11024:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
10543:"Identity, Nihonjinron, and Academic (Dis)honesty"
10449:
10318:
10010:
9977:
9965:
9803:
8998:
8996:
8994:
8992:
8990:
5597:announced the surrender to the Japanese people by
4484:, even if that meant suspending the constitution.
3175:Article 14. The Emperor declares a state of siege.
2720:, whose works included "Conditions in the West", "
2194:. The Imperial era came to an end partway through
2182:In total, the Empire of Japan had three emperors:
10631:
10408:. December 6, 1938. p. 36/42. Archived from
10072:
10070:
9950:
9933:A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present
9388:in the hope that such a body would reinstate him.
8850:"Explore Japan National Flag and National Anthem"
8728:played an important part for the Japanese state.
8274:(August 9), the Soviet Union and Mongolia invade
4040:human cost, the administration of Prime Minister
2759:Japanese new religions § Before World War II
19043:
18421:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo
12530:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
11123:Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912
8512:Emperor Meiji was known only by the appellation
6149:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Governor of Taiwan
5978:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
5776:of the Imperial Armed Forces and head of state.
4836:
3713:in Japan through the annexation treaty in 1910.
3474:, having suffered more than 300 casualties. The
3248:Economic development was characterized by rapid
3151:Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable.
2936:to Japan. His commemoration day is February 16.
2932:in 1970, and is now recognized as St. Nicholas,
2845:The social tension continued to grow during the
2431:and attacks against foreign property led to the
2403:during 1862 led to the murder of an Englishman,
2299:, which founded their new government during the
2005:, with Japan defeated alongside the rest of the
13522:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
12500:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
8987:
7973:is formally installed as emperor (November 10).
5210:, forcing the Allied forces to retreat towards
4946:In 1938, Japan prohibited the expulsion of the
4300:Rise of militarism and its social organisations
4071:On 1 September 1923, at a magnitude of 7.9, an
4047:
4032:based in Vladivostok against the Moscow-backed
3784:
3392:, built Tsingtao fortress and based the German
3360:, and nearly destroyed the Chinese navy in the
2879:
2541:
2320:characters and its flag, it was also given the
2219:, which translates to "Empire of Great Japan" (
11484:
11166:Japanese Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period
10250:. University of Wisconsin Pres. January 1996.
10067:
9812:Technology and Industrial Development in Japan
8805:
8791:
8692:List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan
8468:
8455:
8440:
8419:
8406:
8391:
8368:
8355:
8340:
8054:becomes prime minister (March 9). Japan signs
6560:
6550:
6497:
5078:
5060:
5052:
4708:in the 19th century. Japan then established a
4706:large scale settlement of Chinese in Manchuria
4480:, who repeatedly counseled him to implement a
4133:
4120:
4111:
3778:
3051:and the Meiji government built the new modern
2873:
2535:
2451:died of smallpox and was replaced by his son,
2343:After two centuries, the seclusion policy, or
2256:
2248:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
1860:
1858:
1842:
1840:
1824:
1808:
58:
19122:States and territories disestablished in 1947
18608:
18337:
17995:
14697:
12561:
11363:
11099:Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History
11050:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
10339:
10166:
10164:
9923:
8569:Flag of the Empire of Japan from 1870 to 1999
5606:
4354:(to 1945), Shintoist Rites Research Council,
4149:and the Rikken Minseitō alternated in power.
3244:Economic history of Japan § 20th century
2763:Christianity in Japan § Opening of Japan
2291:had existed since the anti-Tokugawa domains,
2163:, during which United States military leader
1767:
786:7,400,000 km (2,900,000 sq mi)
10858:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
10053:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
8953:Japan's Preoccupation with Religious Freedom
8929:. University of Chicago Press. p. 133.
8777:nation-state out of an older, heterogeneous
8080:becomes prime minister (February 2). Prince
6600:(1902–1995) was a seismologist, who won the
6272:Admiral Baron Akamatsu Noriyoshi (1841–1920)
5562:and Berlin, the division of Europe with the
4958:on which Japan had insisted for many years.
4168:during an army inspection on January 8, 1938
3950:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
3767:
3757:
3739:
3721:
3016:were closely linked. Under the Meiji regime
14005:
11847:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
9814:. Oxford University Press. pp. 72–73.
9483:. International House of Japan. p. 14.
9158:
5482:in several hard-fought battles such as the
5362:in the morning of June 4, 1942, during the
5109:Map of Japanese conquests from 1937 to 1942
5090:
4802:'s Nationalists and also the Communists of
4767:
3866:base, German-leased territories in China's
778:1,984,000 km (766,000 sq mi)
19117:States and territories established in 1868
18615:
18601:
18344:
18330:
18002:
17988:
14704:
14690:
12568:
12554:
11370:
11356:
11230:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
11020:; Kanai, Madoka; Twitchett, Denis (1989).
10988:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
10775:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 50–56.
10161:
9866:
9563:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
9556:
9084:Comparative Studies in Society and History
8956:(Ph.D.). Princeton University. p. 76.
6555:, "sea of words", 1891) and its successor
5462:sank at her moorings in the naval base of
4866:On May 11, 1939, in the Nomonhan Incident
4623:
4156:
3294:
3119:, and the promulgation of a constitution.
2307:domination. Later the Empire emerged as a
2092:, and also conquering a large part of the
1774:
1760:
185:
12250:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
11860:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
10750:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10190:
9046:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3.
9033:
8924:
8213:surrender (May 8). Allied victory at the
8164:Japanese naval forces attack Pearl Harbor
6195:
6063:
5722:that it was occupied by a foreign power.
5587:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4559:Emperor in relation to the constitution.
4259:Learn how and when to remove this message
3810:
3629:, negotiated in the United States by the
2976:to visit Japan, in 1861–1862. His gospel
2153:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
191:The Empire of Japan at its peak in 1942 (
18744:Reorganized National Government of China
13804:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
11633:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
10929:
10584:. Naval Institute Press. pp. 80–81.
10476:
10430:
10406:Japan Center for Asian Historical Record
10298:Francis Chia-Hui Lin (January 9, 2015).
9665:. Japan's Modern Castles. April 6, 2020.
9478:
9413:
9325:
9301:
9274:
9268:
9257:
9255:
9239:
9154:
9152:
9150:
9148:
9039:
8697:Political parties of the Empire of Japan
6522:(1856–1925) was a botanist, who won the
6396:
6380:
6028:
5751:
5702:. Since 1945, Kuril has belonged to the
5621:
5451:
5325:
5165:
5104:
4993:On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the
4926:
4777:
4675:
4634:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
4566:
4426:
4160:
4051:
3928:
3924:
3847:Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I
3814:
3543:
3403:
3207:
3086:
2950:
2625:
2584:
2580:
2569:), where they established the breakaway
2507:
14181:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
11257:
11238:
11127:. New York: Columbia University Press.
10848:
10770:
10745:
10731:. CNN. December 7, 2016. Archived from
10606:
10594:
10579:
10270:
10238:
10232:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
9867:Clark, Gregory; Ishii, Tatsuya (2012).
9809:
9753:
9560:Kanban: Traditional Shop Signs of Japan
9227:
9215:
7949:
5694:before coming under the control of the
4472:A third point of view was supported by
3636:. As a result, Russia lost the part of
3203:
2395:In March 1863, the Emperor issued the "
14:
19044:
18989:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
18696:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
16558:
16536:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
12448:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
11183:
11096:
11074:
11038:
10540:
10304:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 85–.
9772:
9756:"After 51 Years, a Temple Is Restored"
9690:
9675:
9550:
9440:
9361:
9313:
9073:
9027:
8981:
8966:
8949:
8581:War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army
5611:
5581:, the Empire of Japan surrendered and
4653:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
4642:
4607:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
4318:and the "Political Department" of the
3752:: 日帝時代) or "Japanese administration" (
3655:
2198:, and he remained emperor until 1989.
36:. For the book by Sarah C. Paine, see
18596:
18325:
18245:Temporary Nan'yō Islands Defense Unit
17983:
17407:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
16839:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
16485:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
16441:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
15539:Rape during the occupation of Germany
14685:
14134:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
13477:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
12549:
11351:
11202:
11151:
11115:
10963:
10820:
10748:The Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 6
10618:
10390:
9625:"Japanese castles History of Castles"
9592:TenguLife: The curious guide to Japan
9452:
9425:
9409:
9397:
9381:
9377:
9373:
9349:
9337:
9278:Ben-Ami Shillony – Collected Writings
9252:
9145:
8162:becomes prime minister (October 18).
5161:
4117:Constitutional Government Association
3539:
2831:communities turning into slum areas.
19072:Former countries in Japanese history
18780:Provisional Government of Free India
18039:Karafuto Civil Administration Office
16529:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
15554:Rape during the liberation of France
14538:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
11852:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
11608:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
11162:
10903:
10503:
10443:
10431:Sundberg, Steve (October 22, 2018).
10377:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
10324:
10204:. 台湾研究フォーラム 【台湾研究論壇】. Archived from
10105:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
10048:
10021:
10004:
9971:
9929:
9903:A study on the Central Bank of Japan
9506:
9242:"Japan's Quest for Empire 1931–1945"
8896:Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996).
8682:Industrial production in Shōwa Japan
8232:(February 9). Allied victory at the
7410:Chemists, physicists, and geologists
7095:Inventors, industrialists, engineers
6461:
6415:
6345:
6033:From left to right: Marshal Admiral
5626:A drawing depicting a speech in the
4782:The Japanese occupation of Beiping (
4489:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
4398:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
4370:Nationalism and decline of democracy
4241:adding citations to reliable sources
4212:
4171:
3982:American Expeditionary Force Siberia
3560:
3113:Freedom and People's Rights Movement
2040:and the restoration of power to the
14467:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
13268:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
12520:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
11762:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
11377:
10996:
10833:from the original on June 30, 2012.
10627:from the original on July 26, 2011.
10510:The Power of Memory in Modern Japan
10365:
10271:Griffin, Roger (October 11, 2013).
10158:(Oxford: Westview Press, 1992) 234.
9959:
9754:Burgess, John (December 26, 1985).
9604:
8715:Modified version used in 1880–1945.
8593:Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan
8191:Japan bombs Australia (February 19)
8132:becomes prime minister (August 30).
7990:becomes prime minister (April 14).
6025:Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan
5630:on November 1, 1945, following the
5194:to the Japanese on December 25. In
4562:
3996:By November 1918, more than 70,000
3882:in the Pacific, which were part of
3222:, was responsible for transforming
3076:
24:
19062:Former countries in Southeast Asia
18684:South Chahar Autonomous Government
18672:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
18353:Countries and territories occupied
16755:German invasion of the Netherlands
15028:Weather events during World War II
13207:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
11169:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
11101:. University of California Press.
10518:10.1163/ej.9781905246380.i-382.134
9846:American Historical Review, 104:3.
8927:The Invention of Religion in Japan
8647:Agriculture in the Empire of Japan
8243:becomes prime minister (July 22).
7966:becomes prime minister (April 20).
6565:, "great sea of words", 1932–1937)
5643:Constitution and enforce the 1946
5344:on the Japanese aircraft carriers
4912:
3399:
2789:government issued a decree called
333:Recognised regional languages
161:
25:
19148:
17386:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
11278:
11186:Japan: The Rise of a Modern Power
10678:"Battle of Midway – Nihon Kaigun"
10156:Modern Japan: A Historical Survey
10033:
9848:June 1999. Retrieved 16 June 2011
9775:"20 PLACES YOU MUST SEE IN KYOTO"
9588:"The Rise of the Concrete Castle"
9240:Townsend, Susan (July 17, 2018).
9130:from the original on July 8, 2020
8652:Demography of the Empire of Japan
8084:becomes prime minister (June 4).
6342:Demography of the Empire of Japan
6283:
6200:
5678:. This was confirmed by the 1951
4954:in accordance with the spirit of
3799:, on September 2, 1945, upon the
3701:occupied and declared a Japanese
3317:. Korea had traditionally been a
3256:, and the transformation of many
3194:House of Representatives of Japan
2145:Allied invasion of mainland Japan
990:Tokyo Industrial Exhibition, 1907
18968:
18956:
18944:
18932:
18920:
18908:
18896:
18883:
18870:
18858:
18846:
18834:
18822:
18810:
18798:
18785:
18773:
18761:
18749:
18737:
18725:
18713:
18701:
18689:
18677:
18665:
18660:East Hebei Autonomous Government
18653:
18641:
18439:
17946:
14711:
13570:Second Battle of the Piave River
13192:Russian invasion of East Prussia
12220:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
11483:
11284:
10814:
10801:
10786:The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
10779:
10764:
10739:
9727:
9691:Baseel, Casey (March 27, 2017).
9605:Foo, Audrey (January 17, 2019).
9557:Scott Pate, Alan (May 9, 2017).
9263:European Dictatorships 1918-1945
8925:Josephson, Jason Ānanda (2012).
8904:. UK: Routledge. p. 515ff.
8662:Education in the Empire of Japan
8631:
8617:
8598:
8586:
8574:
8562:
8223:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands
8217:(June 6). Allied victory in the
8211:Battle of the Philippines (1942)
8170:(December 25). Japan annexs the
8117:to Japanese forces (October 21).
7980:becomes prime minister (July 2).
7622:
7605:
7588:
7559:
7548:
7525:
7517:
7470:
7396:
7271:
7248:
7057:
6956:
6945:
6928:
6911:
6894:
6850:
6800:
6711:
6609:
6590:
6570:
6531:
6512:
6465:
6458:Education in the Empire of Japan
6419:
6349:
5904:
5895:. He was the former Governor of
5880:
5864:
5849:
4529:Emperor's Crown Amalgamate Style
4217:
4176:
4030:Provisional Priamurye Government
3958:Japanese intervention in Siberia
3915:anti-Japanese sentiment in China
3564:
2904:and some other religious books (
2798:Edict Abolishing Ignoble Classes
2565:) and later to Ezo (present-day
2425:bombarding the port of Kagoshima
2247:is itself composed of the nouns
2177:Japanese constitutional monarchy
2011:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
1959:took effect on 3 May 1947. From
984:
925:
911:
886:
872:
103:
89:
19112:1947 disestablishments in Japan
18720:Provisional Government of China
14634:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
13834:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
12575:
12235:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
11260:A Companion to Japanese History
10966:Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy
10841:
10721:
10705:
10688:
10670:
10652:
10612:
10573:
10534:
10497:
10470:
10424:
10330:
10291:
10264:
10247:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945
10220:
10148:
10118:
10093:
10042:
10027:
9911:
9895:
9882:
9876:University of California, Davis
9860:
9851:
9828:
9785:
9773:Hannah, Dayna (June 12, 2018).
9766:
9747:
9721:
9703:
9684:
9669:
9653:
9635:
9617:
9598:
9580:
9539:
9517:
9487:
9472:
9458:
9446:
9403:
9367:
9233:
9067:
9021:
8813:
8799:
8785:
8767:
8740:
8687:Japanese nuclear weapon program
8520:and received the personal name
8058:with Germany (November 25) and
7635:
6502:
6335:
6279:(1868–1918), Battle of Tsushima
6153:
6068:
4851:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
4410:(Control Group) led by General
4228:needs additional citations for
4139:Constitutional Democratic Party
3843:Japanese entry into World War I
3462:, under the command of Captain
3043:During the Meiji restoration's
2656:territorial delimitation treaty
2516:, May 1869; in the foreground,
2494:, the main Tokugawa residence.
19132:1947 disestablishments in Asia
19082:Former monarchies of East Asia
17633:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
15336:Territorial changes of Germany
15244:Indonesian National Revolution
14457:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
14316:Deportations from East Prussia
14113:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
12490:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
11603:Imperial Rescript on Education
11241:The Allied Occupation of Japan
11082:. Cambridge University Press.
11022:The Cambridge History of Japan
10580:Morison, Samuel Eliot (2010).
10504:Joos, Joël (January 1, 2008).
9494:The Secret of Japan's Strength
8950:Thomas, Jolyon Baraka (2014).
8943:
8918:
8889:
8863:
8842:
8718:
8709:
8657:Economy of the Empire of Japan
7522:Suekichi Kinoshita (1877–1935)
6412:Economy of the Empire of Japan
6385:Population density map of the
6210:Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito
6135:: Chief of Staff of the Army,
6045:(1845–1929) and Field Marshal
5428:Philippines campaign (1944–45)
4815:surrendered to Japanese troops
4753:
4742:Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies
4721:
4668:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
3832:
3388:in the port. Germany occupied
3240:Economy of the Empire of Japan
2453:Crown Prince Mutsuhito (Meiji)
2255:"referring to an emperor" and
2201:
2109:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
1886:
158:"His Imperial Majesty's Reign"
13:
1:
19057:Former countries in East Asia
18708:Shanghai Great Way Government
18010:Former external territories (
17033:Japanese invasion of Thailand
16984:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
16748:German invasion of Luxembourg
15122:Mediterranean and Middle East
14368:Ukrainian Canadian internment
11936:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
11842:Imperial General Headquarters
11433:Foreign commerce and shipping
10823:"Vice-Admiral Chuichi Nagumo"
10090:, Retrieved on July 22, 2007.
9676:Carter, Alex (May 22, 2010).
8830:
8099:(December 13), beginning the
7164:Shimose Masachika (1860–1911)
7119:Murata Tsuneyoshi (1838–1921)
6817:Juntaro takahashi (1856–1920)
6058:Imperial General Headquarters
6041:(1847–1930), Marshal Admiral
5976:: Foreign Minister of Japan,
5871:His Imperial Highness Prince
5496:United States Army Air Forces
5321:
4837:Clashes with the Soviet Union
4817:. In the event known as the "
4189: with: Article 11 of the
4073:earthquake struck Kantō Plain
4021:Nikolayevsk on the Amur River
3266:Japanese trade-union movement
2528:of the Imperial Japanese Navy
2497:
2332:
19107:1868 establishments in Japan
19067:Former monarchies of Oceania
18994:Greater East Asia Conference
18732:Reformed Government of China
18309:Civil Affairs Bureau |
18305:Civil Affairs Bureau |
18301:Civil Affairs Bureau |
18297:Civil Affairs Bureau |
16940:Invasion of the Soviet Union
16629:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
15940:Independent State of Croatia
14523:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
13822:Estonian War of Independence
13497:Southern Palestine offensive
12268:Hirohito surrender broadcast
11663:Greater East Asia Conference
11258:Tsutsui, William M. (2009).
11158:. G2mil – via YouTube.
11080:The Emergence of Meiji Japan
9793:"1889 Japanese Constitution"
8835:
8605:Flag of the Japanese Emperor
8434:
8385:
8334:
8228:1943: Allied victory in the
6583:Imperial University in Tokyo
6451:
6191:: Chief of Staff of the Army
6170:: Chief of Staff of the Army
6163:: Chief of Staff of the Army
6116:: Chief of Staff of the Army
6095:: Chief of Staff of the Army
6088:: Chief of Staff of the Army
5919:
5801:HIH Marquess Michitsune Koga
5762:
5433:
4657:
4585:trading groups (principally
4332:Imperial Farmers Association
3822:, the 123rd emperor of Japan
3786:Nippon Tōchi-jidai no Chōsen
3135:Imperial Japan was founded,
2785:. In 1871, the newly formed
2592:, the 122nd emperor of Japan
2157:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
1955:on 3 January 1868 until the
434:semi-constitutional monarchy
7:
19127:1868 establishments in Asia
18793:Republic of the Philippines
18401:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
17924:End of World War II in Asia
17764:Western invasion of Germany
17271:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
17248:Second Battle of El Alamein
16818:Hundred Regiments Offensive
16790:Battle of the Mediterranean
16643:Italian invasion of Albania
14810:Air warfare of World War II
14477:USA against Austria-Hungary
13876:Turkish War of Independence
13828:Latvian War of Independence
13560:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
13151:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
11648:Supreme Court of Judicature
8761:
8755:
8610:
8309:
8181:(January 30 – February 3).
8141:Hundred Regiments Offensive
8092:(July 31). Japanese troops
7203:Masuda Tarokaja (1875–1953)
6678:Fujioka Katsuji (1872–1935)
6498:Notable scholars/scientists
6037:(1848–1934), Field Marshal
6018:
5651:which changed Japan into a
5632:end of the Second World War
5494:in the summer of 1944, the
5079:
5061:
5053:
4907:Mongolian People's Republic
3785:
3049:Shrine Consolidation Policy
3000:
2993:
2880:
2542:
2257:
2249:
2237:
2229:
2221:
10:
19153:
19087:History of Japan by period
18853:Occupied Dutch East Indies
17850:Naval bombardment of Japan
17218:First Battle of El Alamein
17137:Battle of Christmas Island
17082:Japanese invasion of Burma
16846:Italian invasion of Greece
16762:German invasion of Belgium
16734:German invasion of Denmark
16707:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
16576:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
14833:Comparative military ranks
14560:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
14108:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
13575:Second Battle of the Marne
13462:Second battle of the Aisne
13331:Second Battle of Champagne
13172:German invasion of Belgium
12359:Second Philippine Republic
12132:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
11184:Porter, Robert P. (1918).
11155:Teaching Japan Imperialism
11046:The Making of Modern Japan
10930:Hagiwara, Kōichi (2004).
10913:University Press of Kansas
9890:Money And Banking in Japan
9810:Odagiri, Hiroyuki (1996).
9678:"Japanese Concrete Castle"
9275:Shillony, Ben-Ami (2013).
9179:10.1177/000271624523700108
9074:Conrad, Sebastian (2014).
8555:
8143:(August–September). Japan
6455:
6409:
6405:
6339:
6022:
5755:
5615:
5607:End of the Empire of Japan
5526:on the Japanese cities of
5500:strategic bombing campaign
5456:The rebuilt battlecruiser
5437:
5094:
4916:
4840:
4823:People's Republic of China
4771:
4724:), and installed the last
4661:
4646:
4627:
4491:in 1940 by Prime Minister
4487:With the launching of the
4395:
4373:
4303:
4270:
4002:Russian Maritime Provinces
3947:
3850:
3836:
3825:
3707:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
3659:
3554:
3419:
3327:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
3305:Taiwan under Japanese rule
3298:
3237:
3080:
2770:
2756:
2595:
2553:to the Imperial side. The
2501:
2433:bombardment of Shimonoseki
2336:
2327:
2161:Allied occupation of Japan
952:73.1 million lived in the
945:56.0 million lived in the
31:
18984:
18635:
18565:
18486:
18448:
18437:
18367:
18280:
18230:
18174:
18091:
18022:
17939:
17771:Bratislava–Brno offensive
17711:
17702:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
17439:
17326:Allied invasion of Sicily
17280:
17186:Aleutian Islands campaign
17158:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
17105:
17096:Greek famine of 1941–1944
16991:Second Battle of Changsha
16896:German invasion of Greece
16864:
16741:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
16716:
16654:
16549:
16430:
16156:
16066:
15907:
15610:
15601:
15359:
15184:
15076:North and Central Pacific
15037:
14799:
14792:
14719:
14666:
14625:
14546:
14485:
14447:
14391:
14380:
14341:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
14284:
14256:
14204:
14126:
14100:
14052:
13945:
13938:
13870:Irish War of Independence
13766:
13648:
13620:Armistice of Villa Giusti
13605:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
13530:
13432:
13359:
13260:
13217:First Battle of the Marne
13164:
13126:
13061:
13052:
12995:
12869:
12858:
12824:
12796:
12758:
12710:
12663:
12656:
12583:
12467:
12440:
12382:
12336:
12293:
12286:
12240:Japan during World War II
12195:Pacification of Manchukuo
12165:
12095:
12087:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
12082:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
12020:
12013:
11964:
11951:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
11904:
11830:
11823:
11770:
11688:
11681:
11673:Imperial Japanese Airways
11580:
11527:
11492:
11481:
11385:
11324:
11311:
11299:
11262:. John Wiley & Sons.
10870:10.1017/S0080440118000063
10082:October 31, 2007, at the
9380:, p. 283. Moreover,
9281:. Routledge. p. 83.
9097:10.1017/S0010417513000601
8806:
8792:
8750:
8544:
8536:
8528:
8508:
8500:
8484:
8469:
8456:
8441:
8420:
8407:
8392:
8369:
8356:
8341:
8145:occupies French Indochina
7986:1931: Hamaguchi dies and
6561:
6551:
6184:: Prime Minister of Japan
6131:Lieutenant General Baron
6011:: Japanese ambassador to
5422:on October 20, 1944. The
5247:General Douglas MacArthur
5186:, British Malaya and the
5097:Japan during World War II
4950:in Japan, Manchuria, and
4931:Signing ceremony for the
4680:Japanese troops entering
4672:Pacification of Manchukuo
4414:. He linked the ancient (
4316:Imperial Young Federation
4134:
4121:
4112:
4100:Japanese general election
3888:Kiautschou Bay concession
3779:
3768:
3758:
3740:
3722:
3662:Korea under Japanese rule
2874:
2707:conflict with the samurai
2662:in 1875, gaining all the
2606:Government of Meiji Japan
2536:
2405:Charles Lennox Richardson
2397:order to expel barbarians
2213:
2173:Japan Self-Defense Forces
1993:Kwantung Leased Territory
1939:, also known as the
1929:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1818:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1327:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
1302:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
941:
851:
825:
821:
811:
801:
797:
790:
782:
774:
767:
763:
750:
737:
724:
711:
698:
685:
672:
659:
646:
633:
620:
616:
598:
582:
566:
544:
540:
528:
518:• 1885–1888 (first)
516:
512:
502:
498:
486:
474:
462:
458:
448:
402:
364:
331:
321:
304:
275:
259:
184:
142:
136:The Oath in Five Articles
119:
85:
80:
59:
50:
18963:Occupied Solomon Islands
18951:Occupied Gilbert Islands
18841:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
18243:Civil Affairs Bureau of
18063:Motodomari Subprefecture
17363:Allied invasion of Italy
17340:Solomon Islands campaign
17089:Third Battle of Changsha
16686:First Battle of Changsha
16592:Second Sino-Japanese War
15525:German military brothels
15391:United States war crimes
14493:Constantinople Agreement
13786:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
13649:Co-belligerent conflicts
13625:Second Romanian campaign
13595:Third Transjordan attack
13306:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
13212:Battle of Grand Couronné
12215:Second Sino-Japanese War
12157:Racial Equality Proposal
11737:Agriculture and Commerce
10931:
10811:, New press, 1993, p. 11
10809:Japan in War & Peace
10771:Stephan, John J (1974).
9930:Seth, Michael J (2010).
9479:Kazuhiro, Takii (2007).
9376:, pp. 120–121, and
8702:
8262:(June 21). The US drops
8189:to Japan (February 15).
7992:Japan occupies Manchuria
7363:Totsudō Katō (1870–1949)
6785:Miyake Hiizu (1848–1938)
5412:Sixth United States Army
5091:World War II (1941–1945)
5027:and built a monument to
4935:, September 27, 1940 in
4774:Second Sino-Japanese War
4768:Second Sino-Japanese War
4556:parliamentary government
4364:Volunteer Fighting Corps
3969:signed a separate peace
3903:dispatched a Naval fleet
3839:Japan during World War I
3615:Battle of the Yellow Sea
3384:fortress, and based the
3362:Battle of the Yalu River
2737:Albrecht Fürst von Urach
2514:Naval Battle of Hakodate
2113:Second Sino-Japanese War
1917:Literal Translation name
1539:Great Hanshin earthquake
1457:Second Sino-Japanese War
702:Second Sino-Japanese War
592:House of Representatives
530:• 1946–1947 (last)
34:Japanese colonial empire
18890:Occupied British Borneo
18071:Tomarioru Subprefecture
17785:Second Guangxi campaign
17640:Philippines (1944–1945)
17144:Battle of the Coral Sea
17047:Fall of the Philippines
16693:Battle of South Guangxi
16599:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
15998:Italian Social Republic
14556:Modus vivendi of Acroma
14508:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
13816:Greater Poland Uprising
13716:National Protection War
13600:Meuse–Argonne offensive
13550:German spring offensive
13545:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
13321:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
13296:Second Battle of Artois
13177:Battle of the Frontiers
12127:Washington Naval Treaty
12072:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
12057:First Sino-Japanese War
11876:Nuclear weapons program
11618:Great Japan Youth Party
11545:National seals of Japan
11163:Nish, Ian Hill (2002).
11152:Meyer, Carlton (2019).
9040:Harrison, Mark (2000).
8286:), and Japan (northern
8239:1944: Tojo resigns and
8203:Battle of the Coral Sea
8197:(March 31 – April 10).
8041:Washington Naval Treaty
7929:Takahito, Prince Mikasa
6855:Yu Fujikawa (1865–1940)
5998:Lansing–Ishii Agreement
5958:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
5785:Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
5680:Treaty of San Francisco
5388:Battle of the Coral Sea
4881:and other units of the
4847:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
4726:Manchu Emperor of China
4624:Later Shōwa (1931–1941)
4157:Early Shōwa (1926–1930)
4119:) and the Seiyū Hontō (
3975:a multi-sided civil war
3919:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
3684:extraterritorial rights
3644:latitude (which became
3486:On 17 June 1900, naval
3311:First Sino-Japanese War
3301:First Sino-Japanese War
3295:First Sino-Japanese War
3252:, the development of a
2968:was the first ordained
2894:Russian Orthodox Church
2441:Satsuma-Chōshū alliance
2133:island-hopping campaign
2054:First Sino-Japanese War
1385:Intervention in Siberia
1312:First Sino-Japanese War
951:
944:
650:First Sino-Japanese War
322:Official languages
19077:Former empires in Asia
19028:35.68250°N 139.75278°E
18047:Toyohara Subprefecture
17370:Armistice of Cassibile
17172:Battle of Dutch Harbor
17123:Battle of the Java Sea
17026:Attack on Pearl Harbor
16926:Syria–Lebanon campaign
16919:Battle of South Shanxi
16889:Invasion of Yugoslavia
16672:Battle of the Atlantic
16286:Korean Liberation Army
15992:(until September 1943)
15949:(until September 1944)
15927:(until September 1944)
14581:Paris Peace Conference
14569:Ukraine–Central Powers
14363:Massacres of Albanians
14331:Late Ottoman genocides
14138:Bulgarian occupations
13846:Third Anglo-Afghan War
13810:Hungarian–Romanian War
13635:Naval Victory Bulletin
13630:Armistice with Germany
13580:Hundred Days Offensive
13507:Battle of La Malmaison
13457:Second battle of Arras
13424:Battle of Transylvania
13278:Second Battle of Ypres
13146:Sarajevo assassination
13035:South African Republic
12205:Motherland controversy
12175:Shōwa financial crisis
11967:Imperial Japanese Navy
11907:Imperial Japanese Army
11638:Peace Preservation Law
11239:Takemae, Eiji (2003).
11097:Hunter, Janet (1984).
11068:April 3, 2020, at the
10849:Benesch, Oleg (2018).
10402:Five Ministers Council
9499:July 11, 2007, at the
8086:Battle of Lugou Bridge
6585:(University of Tokyo).
6402:
6394:
6302:attack on Pearl Harbor
6265:Marshal Admiral Baron
6196:Imperial Japanese Navy
6098:Field Marshal Marquis
6064:Imperial Japanese Army
6053:
5873:Kitashirakawa Naruhisa
5791:Kitashirakawa Naruhisa
5749:
5736:
5635:
5628:Imperial Japanese Diet
5554:allies. Likewise, the
5512:Operation Meetinghouse
5471:
5448:Victory over Japan Day
5405:in September 1942 and
5366:
5266:, causing the largest
5179:
5127:attack on Pearl Harbor
5110:
4943:
4885:then became involved.
4870:Battle of Khalkhin Gol
4795:
4693:
4576:
4573:Shōwa financial crisis
4571:A bank run during the
4435:
4422:Statism in Shōwa Japan
4380:Statism in Shōwa Japan
4169:
4093:Peace Preservation Law
4061:
4012:orphans from Siberia.
3945:
3823:
3811:Taishō era (1912–1926)
3552:
3441:Imperial Japanese Navy
3417:
3344:, and 3,000 landed at
3235:
3133:
3096:
2966:Divie Bethune McCartee
2962:
2930:Patriarchate of Moscow
2750:
2716:. One such writer was
2646:
2593:
2555:Battle of Toba–Fushimi
2529:
2361:Convention of Kanagawa
2274:Convention of Kanagawa
1951:that existed from the
1714:Science and technology
1467:Attack on Pearl Harbor
1390:Great Kantō earthquake
1332:Colonization of Taiwan
1259:Convention of Kanagawa
1099:Former Nine Years' War
1042:1000 BC – 300 AD
1028:14,000 – 1000 BC
311:Tokyo City (1868–1943)
179:
19102:20th century in Japan
19097:19th century in Japan
18865:Occupied West Sumatra
18265:Torakku Subprefecture
18079:Esutoru Subprefecture
18059:Shikuka Subprefecture
18051:Ōtomari Subprefecture
17534:Second Battle of Guam
17430:Bengal famine of 1943
17400:Second Battle of Kiev
17356:Battle of the Dnieper
17061:Battle of Wake Island
16933:East African campaign
16875:Battle of South Henan
16520:atrocities by Germans
16293:Korean Volunteer Army
15267:Occupation of Germany
15021:Music in World War II
14591:Treaty of St. Germain
14564:Russia–Central Powers
14518:Sykes–Picot Agreement
14346:Pontic Greek genocide
14321:Destruction of Kalisz
14297:Eastern Mediterranean
13858:Polish–Lithuanian War
13640:Armistice of Belgrade
13610:Armistice of Salonica
13540:Operation Faustschlag
13487:Third Battle of Oituz
13409:Baranovichi offensive
13377:Lake Naroch offensive
13351:Battle of Robat Karim
13326:Vistula–Bug offensive
13301:Battles of the Isonzo
13232:First Battle of Ypres
12117:Siberian Intervention
11926:Railways and Shipping
11742:Commerce and Industry
11438:Industrial production
11145:October 10, 2017, at
10945:] (in Japanese).
10646:www.combinedfleet.com
10274:The Nature of Fascism
10178:on September 28, 2011
9008:National Diet Library
8303:Constitution of Japan
8230:Battle of Guadalcanal
8201:on Tokyo (April 18).
8108:Battle of Taierzhuang
6400:
6384:
6159:Field Marshal Prince
6091:Field Marshal Prince
6084:Field Marshal Prince
6032:
5986:: Vice Consul to the
5948:Treaty of Shimonoseki
5752:Influential personnel
5744:
5731:
5660:modern state of Japan
5645:Constitution of Japan
5625:
5591:invasion of Manchuria
5498:conducted an intense
5455:
5329:
5192:Hong Kong surrendered
5169:
5108:
4930:
4857:Battle of Lake Khasan
4843:Battle of Lake Khasan
4781:
4679:
4570:
4533:Emperor's Crown Style
4430:
4396:Further information:
4164:
4079:of Korean residents.
4055:
4008:. Japan received 765
3954:Siberian Intervention
3932:
3925:Siberian Intervention
3818:
3611:Battle of Port Arthur
3547:
3433:5th Infantry Division
3407:
3386:Russian Pacific Fleet
3366:Treaty of Shimonoseki
3218:). His father, Baron
3211:
3128:
3090:
3032:smashed and destroyed
2954:
2934:Equal-to-the-Apostles
2842:status of burakumin.
2745:
2728:and a major force in
2649:Japan dispatched the
2629:
2588:
2581:Meiji era (1868–1912)
2511:
2458:On November 9, 1867,
2072:, led to the rise of
2036:, which followed the
2024:Under the slogans of
1957:Constitution of Japan
1432:Invasion of Manchuria
1357:Colonization of Korea
1317:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1056:300 AD – 538 AD
177:
19092:Japanese nationalism
18829:Kingdom of Kampuchea
18313:Civil Affairs Bureau
18273:Yarūto Subprefecture
18269:Ponape Subprefecture
18253:Saipan Subprefecture
18193:Shinchiku Prefecture
18083:Ushiro Subprefecture
18055:Rūtaka Subprefecture
17820:Surrender of Germany
17298:Battle of West Hubei
17255:Guadalcanal campaign
17225:Battle of Stalingrad
17151:Battle of Madagascar
15918:Albania protectorate
15705:(formerly Swaziland)
15414:Wehrmacht war crimes
15230:Expulsion of Germans
15014:Art and World War II
14912:British contribution
14861:Governments in exile
14586:Treaty of Versailles
14302:Mount Lebanon famine
14217:in the United States
14185:Russian occupations
13899:Turkish–Armenian War
13840:Polish–Ukrainian War
13780:Ukrainian–Soviet War
13727:Central Asian Revolt
13517:Armistice of Focșani
13247:Battle of Sarikamish
13197:Battle of Tannenberg
12593:Military engagements
12535:Political dissidence
12384:Occupied territories
12122:General Election Law
11946:Taiwan Army of Japan
11293:at Wikimedia Commons
10947:Kawade Shobō Shinsha
10936:Illustrated life of
10911:. Lawrence, Kansas:
10735:on December 4, 2018.
10136:on November 12, 2010
10049:Duus, Peter (1995).
9631:. September 4, 2021.
8810:, "Promote Industry"
8496:Dynasties of China.
8254:(March 26). Admiral
8245:Battle of Leyte Gulf
8205:(May 4–8). U.S. and
8187:Singapore surrenders
8048:February 26 Incident
8046:1936: Coup attempt (
8013:is established with
7950:Timeline (1926–1947)
7728:Shin'ichirō Tomonaga
7385:Matsusaburo Fujiwara
6865:Kamakichi Kishinouye
6845:Yamagiwa Katsusaburō
6795:Kitasato Shibasaburō
6387:Japanese archipelago
6109:: Governor of Taiwan
5938:Treaty of Portsmouth
5715:US occupation forces
5520:Operation Starvation
5466:on July 24 during a
5264:fell to the Japanese
5243:island of Corregidor
5239:the Bataan Peninsula
5009:became known as the
4649:Japanese nationalism
4521:Imperial Crown Style
4482:direct imperial rule
4459:February 26 Incident
4448:Imperial Way Faction
4433:February 26 Incident
4392:February 26 Incident
4384:Imperial Way Faction
4376:Japanese nationalism
4348:Imperial Youth Corps
4237:improve this article
4034:Far Eastern Republic
3650:annex Korea outright
3627:Treaty of Portsmouth
3204:Economic development
3037:1964 Summer Olympics
3010:Japanese nationalism
2819:moved on to work in
2634:, Yamaguchi Masuka,
2423:. They responded by
2048:, Japan underwent a
1969:Japanese archipelago
1724:World Heritage Sites
1442:February 26 incident
1347:Treaty of Portsmouth
1208:Battle of Sekigahara
1104:Later Three-Year War
715:Founding of the IRAA
249:Occupied territories
29:Country in East Asia
19033:35.68250; 139.75278
19024: /
18975:Occupied New Guinea
18756:Kingdom of Thailand
18261:Yappu Subprefecture
18257:Parao Subprefecture
18075:Honto Subprefecture
18067:Maoka Subprefecture
18043:Karafuto Prefecture
17910:Potsdam Declaration
17799:Italy (Spring 1945)
17562:Liberation of Paris
17019:Siege of Sevastopol
16030:(until August 1944)
15933:Wang Jingwei regime
15755:from September 1943
15715:from September 1944
15653:from September 1944
15513:Romanian war crimes
15504:Persecution of Jews
15490:Croatian war crimes
15460:Japanese war crimes
15274:Occupation of Japan
15223:First Indochina War
14935:Military production
14847:Declarations of war
14653:They shall not pass
14576:Treaty of Bucharest
14533:Treaty of Bucharest
14472:USA against Germany
14449:Declarations of war
14153:German occupations
14066:British casualties
13925:Soviet–Georgian War
13852:Egyptian Revolution
13792:Armeno-Georgian War
13656:Somaliland campaign
13615:Armistice of Mudros
13492:Battle of Caporetto
13482:Battle of Mărășești
13452:Zimmermann telegram
13447:February Revolution
13392:Battle of the Somme
13316:Bug-Narew Offensive
13291:Battle of Gallipoli
13283:Sinking of the RMS
13075:Scramble for Africa
13069:Franco-Prussian War
12725:Sinai and Palestine
12354:Wang Jingwei regime
12264:Potsdam Declaration
12255:Soviet–Japanese War
12210:Anti-Comintern Pact
12200:January 28 incident
12185:London Naval Treaty
12062:Triple Intervention
11891:Supreme War Council
11775:deliberative bodies
11337:Occupation of Japan
11243:. Continuum Press.
11208:A Diplomat in Japan
11204:Satow, Ernest Mason
10964:Hotta, Eri (2013).
10547:Monumenta Nipponica
9834:Nimura, K. (1997).
9797:history.hanover.edu
9760:The Washington Post
9364:, pp. 310–311.
9316:, pp. 314–315.
8877:on February 2, 2017
8219:Battle of Milne Bay
8183:Battle of Palembang
8147:in the wake of the
7959:dies (December 25).
7798:Shigeyoshi Matsumae
7793:Takahiko Yamanouchi
7266:Kōnosuke Matsushita
7075:Kinichiro Sakaguchi
6871:Yasuyoshi Shirasawa
6833:Ishikawa Chiyomatsu
5618:Occupation of Japan
5612:Occupation of Japan
5579:Potsdam Declaration
5566:and the subsequent
5560:division of Germany
5547:Soviet–Japanese War
5444:Potsdam Declaration
5399:Battle of Milne Bay
5245:. By January 1942,
5083:was created by the
4971:strategic materials
4704:as a result of the
4643:Prewar expansionism
4336:Double Leaf Society
4306:Japanese militarism
3943:Allied intervention
3861:on the side of the
3669:sphere of influence
3656:Annexation of Korea
3646:Karafuto Prefecture
3522:storming of Tianjin
3439:(marines) from the
3416:on behalf of Japan.
3378:Triple Intervention
3093:Japanese Parliament
2853:between Shinto and
2695:German conservatism
2681:were modeled after
2563:Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
2314:Due to its name in
2131:. The American-led
2015:Potsdam Declaration
1947:, was the Japanese
1922:Literal Translation
1554:Imperial transition
1492:Occupation of Japan
1482:Soviet–Japanese War
1447:Anti-Comintern Pact
1322:Triple Intervention
441:military occupation
269:Military occupation
39:The Japanese Empire
18915:Occupied Singapore
18903:Occupied Hong Kong
18578:South Seas Mandate
18213:Karenkō Prefecture
18188:Taihoku Prefecture
17903:Surrender of Japan
17736:Battle of Iwo Jima
17585:Belgrade offensive
16998:Siege of Leningrad
16882:Battle of Shanggao
16811:British Somaliland
16776:Dunkirk evacuation
16727:Norwegian campaign
16665:Invasion of Poland
16492:Japanese prisoners
15453:Italian war crimes
15384:British war crimes
15299:Soviet occupations
15083:South-West Pacific
14970:Allied cooperation
14928:Military equipment
14613:Treaty of Lausanne
14528:Paris Economy Pact
14462:UK against Germany
14392:Entry into the war
14358:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
14077:Ottoman casualties
13887:Franco-Turkish War
13767:Post-War conflicts
13751:Russian Revolution
13733:Invasion of Darfur
13698:Kelantan rebellion
13686:Kurdish rebellions
13662:Mexican Revolution
13502:October Revolution
13467:Kerensky offensive
13442:Capture of Baghdad
13419:Monastir offensive
13404:Brusilov offensive
13242:Battle of Kolubara
13081:Russo-Japanese War
12077:Russo-Japanese War
12047:Two Lords Incident
11702:Imperial Household
11018:Hall, John Whitney
9841:2009-12-04 at the
8871:"National Symbols"
8756:Dai Nippon Teikoku
8252:Battle of Iwo Jima
8185:(February 13–15).
8168:conquers Hong Kong
7917:Hikosaka Tadayoshi
7808:Nobuchika Sugimura
7723:Eizaburo Nishibori
7594:Tokushichi Mishima
7512:Kiyotsugu Hirayama
7435:Tanakadate Aikitsu
7289:Kenjiro Takayanagi
7219:Noritsugu Hayakawa
6621:class field theory
6477:. You can help by
6431:. You can help by
6403:
6395:
6361:. You can help by
6240:Kawamura Sumiyoshi
6224:Battle of Tsushima
6054:
5891:, descending from
5774:Commander-in-Chief
5638:A period known as
5636:
5583:ended World War II
5516:incendiary bombing
5508:shatter its morale
5504:B-29 Superfortress
5484:Battle of Iwo Jima
5472:
5468:series of bombings
5440:Surrender of Japan
5384:Bataan Death March
5367:
5180:
5162:Japanese conquests
5111:
4944:
4796:
4732:, as the official
4694:
4577:
4436:
4294:goddess of the sun
4191:Meiji Constitution
4170:
4128:) to merge as the
4062:
4048:"Taishō Democracy"
3991:"northern problem"
3946:
3911:Twenty-One Demands
3853:South Seas Mandate
3824:
3801:surrender of Japan
3634:Theodore Roosevelt
3631:American president
3623:Battle of Tsushima
3598:Russo-Japanese War
3576:. You can help by
3557:Russo-Japanese War
3553:
3550:Russo-Japanese War
3540:Russo-Japanese War
3509:garrisons in India
3481:Fukushima Yasumasa
3476:army general staff
3468:Seymour Expedition
3418:
3394:East Asia Squadron
3358:Liaodong Peninsula
3274:O-yatoi gaikokujin
3254:capitalist economy
3236:
3097:
3083:Meiji Constitution
2963:
2946:Russian Revolution
2813:Emancipation Edict
2647:
2594:
2530:
2460:Tokugawa Yoshinobu
2376:Tokugawa shogunate
2282:Tokugawa shogunate
2208:Dai Nippon Teikoku
2062:Russo-Japanese War
1967:, it included the
1904:Official Term name
1888:Dai Nippon Teikoku
1614:Capital punishment
1590:2019–present
1512:Asset price bubble
1487:Surrender of Japan
1352:Japan–Korea Treaty
1342:Russo-Japanese War
1297:Ryūkyū Disposition
1239:Invasion of Ryukyu
1234:Tokugawa shogunate
1170:Nanboku-chō period
880:Tokugawa shogunate
741:Surrender of Japan
663:Russo-Japanese War
637:Meiji Constitution
609: •
605: •
180:
131:Gokajō no Goseimon
66:Dai Nippon Teikoku
19007:
19006:
18817:Empire of Vietnam
18590:
18589:
18582:Northern Marianas
18533:Dutch East Indies
18319:
18318:
18249:Nan'yō Government
18203:Tainan Prefecture
18198:Taichū Prefecture
17977:
17976:
17935:
17934:
17778:Battle of Okinawa
17677:Burma (1944–1945)
17511:Mariana and Palau
17291:Tunisian campaign
17116:Fall of Singapore
17040:Fall of Hong Kong
16783:Battle of Britain
16636:Operation Himmler
16545:
16544:
16209:Dutch East Indies
15845:Southern Rhodesia
15597:
15596:
15497:Genocide of Serbs
15400:German war crimes
15377:Soviet war crimes
15370:Allied war crimes
15216:Division of Korea
15195:Chinese Civil War
14993:Strategic bombing
14905:Manhattan Project
14679:
14678:
14662:
14661:
14646:The Golden Virgin
14640:Mutilated victory
14621:
14620:
14601:Treaty of Trianon
14596:Treaty of Neuilly
14503:Damascus Protocol
14376:
14375:
14336:Armenian genocide
14293:Allied blockades
14265:Belgian refugees
14048:
14047:
13958:Strategic bombing
13934:
13933:
13919:Franco-Syrian War
13893:Greco-Turkish War
13881:Anglo-Turkish War
13864:Polish–Soviet War
13798:German Revolution
13774:Russian Civil War
13757:Finnish Civil War
13590:Battle of Megiddo
13565:Battle of Goychay
13512:Battle of Cambrai
13472:Battle of Mărăști
13387:Battle of Jutland
13367:Erzurum offensive
13222:Siege of Przemyśl
13202:Siege of Tsingtao
13187:Battle of Galicia
13117:Second Balkan War
13105:Italo-Turkish War
13062:Pre-War conflicts
13048:
13047:
12938:Portuguese Empire
12854:
12853:
12816:German New Guinea
12798:Asian and Pacific
12543:
12542:
12515:Socialist thought
12463:
12462:
12402:Dutch East Indies
12364:Empire of Vietnam
12282:
12281:
12052:Satsuma Rebellion
12032:Meiji Restoration
12009:
12008:
11819:
11818:
11757:Greater East Asia
11643:Political parties
11598:Foreign relations
11346:
11345:
11325:Succeeded by
11289:Media related to
11269:978-1-405-19339-9
11176:978-0-275-94791-0
11076:Jansen, Marius B.
11040:Jansen, Marius B.
11008:978-1-135-76967-3
10922:978-0-8032-1708-9
10773:The Kuril Islands
10682:combinedfleet.com
10491:10.15055/00000288
10353:. August 12, 2015
10311:978-1-317-62637-4
10284:978-1-136-14588-9
10257:978-0-299-14873-7
10208:on April 11, 2008
10198:"戦間期台湾地方選挙に関する考察"
10088:THE ASAHI SHIMBUN
9943:978-0-7425-6716-0
9821:978-0-19-828802-2
9779:Japan Travel Blog
9171:SAGE Publications
8984:, pp. 31–32.
8762:Dai Nihon Teikoku
8553:
8552:
8540:Constitutionally
8305:comes into force.
8260:Battle of Okinawa
8195:Indian Ocean raid
8122:Hiranuma Kiichirō
8027:League of Nations
7988:Wakatsuki Reijirō
7938:Kawachi Yoshihiro
7908:Masauji Hachisuka
7903:Motonori Matuyama
7494:Harutaro Murakami
7367:Tsuruichi Hayashi
7334:Rikitaro Fujisawa
7310:Nishimura Shigeki
7231:Chikuhei Nakajima
7174:Chūhachi Ninomiya
7135:Arisaka Nariakira
7040:Michiyo Tsujimura
7004:Gen-ichi Koidzumi
6729:Tsuruko Haraguchi
6723:Tetsuji Morohashi
6717:Kyōsuke Kindaichi
6655:Koganei Yoshikiyo
6495:
6494:
6449:
6448:
6379:
6378:
6145:General Viscount
6114:Akiyama Yoshifuru
5988:Kingdom of Hawaii
5686:about Japan. The
5536:nuclear radiation
5480:Ogasawara Islands
5476:Allied submarines
5416:General MacArthur
5304:Dutch East Indies
5208:Malayan Peninsula
5184:British Hong Kong
4984:Dutch East Indies
4879:IJA 23rd Division
4344:Taisei Yokusankai
4269:
4268:
4261:
4211:
4210:
4025:Aleksandr Kolchak
3986:Terauchi Masatake
3984:. Prime Minister
3907:Mediterranean Sea
3896:League of Nations
3892:Siege of Tsingtao
3884:German New Guinea
3868:Shandong Province
3693:Korea (under the
3680:gunboat diplomacy
3594:
3593:
3338:Donghak Rebellion
3276:). Despite this,
3250:industrialization
3117:national assembly
3071:Togetsukyo Bridge
3057:Kenmu restoration
2938:Andronic Nikolsky
2890:Eastern Orthodoxy
2881:kakure kirishitan
2783:Meiji restoration
2602:Meiji Restoration
2575:siege of Hakodate
2447:. In early 1867,
2401:Namamugi Incident
2301:Meiji Restoration
2280:and the Japanese
2165:Douglas MacArthur
2009:, the formalized
1953:Meiji Restoration
1933:
1932:
1899:
1898:
1892:Dai Nihon Teikoku
1784:
1783:
1649:Foreign relations
1594:
1593:
1582:Abe assassination
1577:COVID-19 pandemic
1549:Tōhoku earthquake
1307:Satsuma Rebellion
1269:Meiji Restoration
1147:Kenmu Restoration
963:
962:
937:
936:
933:
932:
899:
898:
694:18 September 1931
624:Meiji Restoration
488:• 1926–1947
476:• 1912–1926
464:• 1868–1912
412:absolute monarchy
314:Tokyo (1943–1947)
175:
71:Dai Nihon Teikoku
16:(Redirected from
19144:
19039:
19038:
19036:
19035:
19034:
19029:
19025:
19022:
19021:
19020:
19017:
18973:
18972:
18971:
18961:
18960:
18959:
18949:
18948:
18947:
18937:
18936:
18935:
18925:
18924:
18923:
18913:
18912:
18911:
18901:
18900:
18899:
18888:
18887:
18886:
18875:
18874:
18873:
18863:
18862:
18861:
18851:
18850:
18849:
18839:
18838:
18837:
18827:
18826:
18825:
18815:
18814:
18813:
18805:French Indochina
18803:
18802:
18801:
18791:
18789:
18788:
18778:
18777:
18776:
18766:
18765:
18764:
18754:
18753:
18752:
18742:
18741:
18740:
18730:
18729:
18728:
18718:
18717:
18716:
18706:
18705:
18704:
18694:
18693:
18692:
18682:
18681:
18680:
18670:
18669:
18668:
18658:
18657:
18656:
18646:
18645:
18644:
18617:
18610:
18603:
18594:
18593:
18555:Portuguese Timor
18443:
18382:Christmas Island
18346:
18339:
18332:
18323:
18322:
18290:Governor-General
18218:Taitō Prefecture
18208:Takao Prefecture
18183:Governor-General
18100:Governor-General
18004:
17997:
17990:
17981:
17980:
17970:
17963:
17956:
17953:World portal
17951:
17950:
17926:
17919:
17912:
17905:
17896:
17889:
17882:
17873:
17866:
17859:
17852:
17845:
17838:
17829:
17822:
17815:
17813:Prague offensive
17808:
17806:Battle of Berlin
17801:
17794:
17787:
17780:
17773:
17766:
17759:
17752:
17750:Vienna offensive
17745:
17738:
17731:
17729:Battle of Manila
17724:
17704:
17695:
17686:
17679:
17670:
17663:
17656:
17649:
17642:
17635:
17628:
17619:
17610:
17603:
17594:
17587:
17580:
17573:
17564:
17557:
17550:
17543:
17536:
17529:
17522:
17513:
17506:
17497:
17488:
17479:
17472:
17470:Korsun–Cherkassy
17465:
17454:
17432:
17423:
17416:
17409:
17402:
17395:
17388:
17381:
17372:
17365:
17358:
17351:
17342:
17335:
17328:
17321:
17314:
17312:Bombing of Gorky
17307:
17300:
17293:
17273:
17266:
17257:
17250:
17243:
17234:
17227:
17220:
17213:
17202:
17195:
17188:
17181:
17179:Battle of Midway
17174:
17167:
17165:Battle of Gazala
17160:
17153:
17146:
17139:
17132:
17125:
17118:
17098:
17091:
17084:
17077:
17075:Battle of Borneo
17070:
17068:Malayan campaign
17063:
17056:
17049:
17042:
17035:
17028:
17021:
17014:
17012:Bombing of Gorky
17007:
17005:Battle of Moscow
17000:
16993:
16986:
16979:
16972:
16965:
16949:
16942:
16935:
16928:
16921:
16914:
16905:
16898:
16891:
16884:
16877:
16857:
16848:
16841:
16834:
16827:
16820:
16813:
16806:
16799:
16792:
16785:
16778:
16771:
16769:Battle of France
16764:
16757:
16750:
16743:
16736:
16729:
16709:
16702:
16695:
16688:
16681:
16674:
16667:
16645:
16638:
16631:
16624:
16622:Munich Agreement
16617:
16610:
16601:
16594:
16587:
16578:
16571:
16556:
16555:
16538:
16531:
16522:
16515:
16508:
16507:Soviet prisoners
16501:
16494:
16487:
16478:
16471:
16462:
16455:
16448:
16447:German prisoners
16443:
16423:
16414:
16407:
16400:
16395:
16388:
16381:
16374:
16367:
16360:
16353:
16346:
16339:
16332:
16325:
16318:
16311:
16304:
16295:
16288:
16281:
16274:
16267:
16260:
16253:
16246:
16239:
16232:
16225:
16218:
16211:
16204:
16197:
16190:
16183:
16176:
16169:
16149:
16142:
16135:
16128:
16121:
16114:
16107:
16100:
16093:
16086:
16079:
16059:
16052:
16045:
16038:
16031:
16023:
16016:
16009:
16000:
15993:
15985:
15978:
15976:French Indochina
15971:
15964:
15957:
15950:
15942:
15935:
15928:
15920:
15900:
15891:
15884:
15875:
15868:
15861:
15854:
15847:
15840:
15833:
15826:
15823:from August 1944
15814:
15807:
15800:
15793:
15786:
15779:
15772:
15765:
15758:
15746:
15739:
15732:
15725:
15718:
15706:
15698:
15691:
15684:
15677:
15670:
15663:
15656:
15644:
15637:
15630:
15623:
15608:
15607:
15588:
15581:
15574:
15567:
15560:
15549:
15534:
15527:
15520:
15515:
15506:
15499:
15492:
15483:
15476:
15469:
15467:Nanjing Massacre
15462:
15455:
15446:
15444:Nuremberg trials
15437:
15430:
15423:
15416:
15409:
15402:
15393:
15386:
15379:
15372:
15352:
15345:
15338:
15329:
15322:
15315:
15308:
15301:
15294:
15285:
15276:
15269:
15262:
15255:
15246:
15239:
15232:
15225:
15218:
15211:
15204:
15197:
15177:
15168:
15161:
15154:
15145:
15138:
15131:
15124:
15115:
15108:
15101:
15092:
15085:
15078:
15071:
15064:
15057:
15050:
15048:Asia and Pacific
15030:
15023:
15016:
15009:
15002:
14995:
14988:
14979:
14977:Mulberry harbour
14972:
14965:
14958:
14951:
14944:
14937:
14930:
14923:
14914:
14907:
14900:
14891:
14884:
14877:
14870:
14863:
14856:
14849:
14842:
14835:
14828:
14819:
14812:
14797:
14796:
14785:
14778:
14769:
14762:
14755:
14748:
14741:
14734:
14727:
14706:
14699:
14692:
14683:
14682:
14606:Treaty of Sèvres
14498:Treaty of London
14389:
14388:
14167:Northeast France
14098:
14097:
14070:Parliamentarians
14003:
14002:
13965:Chemical weapons
13943:
13942:
13704:Senussi campaign
13674:Muscat rebellion
13668:Maritz rebellion
13585:Vardar offensive
13414:Battle of Romani
13382:Battle of Asiago
13372:Battle of Verdun
13336:Kosovo offensive
13111:First Balkan War
13059:
13058:
12958:Russian Republic
12867:
12866:
12661:
12660:
12603:Economic history
12570:
12563:
12556:
12547:
12546:
12505:Shinmin no Michi
12495:Internment camps
12407:French Indochina
12291:
12290:
12137:Taishō Democracy
12018:
12017:
11941:Japanese holdout
11828:
11827:
11752:Colonial Affairs
11686:
11685:
11613:Yokusan Sonendan
11519:
11511:
11503:
11487:
11486:
11413:Economic history
11372:
11365:
11358:
11349:
11348:
11314:History of Japan
11300:Preceded by
11297:
11296:
11288:
11273:
11254:
11235:
11229:
11221:
11199:
11180:
11159:
11138:
11126:
11112:
11093:
11061:
11049:
11035:
11016:Jansen, Marius;
11012:
10993:
10987:
10979:
10960:
10942:Ōkubo Toshimichi
10926:
10900:
10881:
10855:
10835:
10834:
10818:
10812:
10805:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10794:
10783:
10777:
10776:
10768:
10762:
10761:
10743:
10737:
10736:
10725:
10719:
10709:
10703:
10692:
10686:
10685:
10674:
10668:
10667:
10666:. April 9, 2012.
10656:
10650:
10649:
10638:
10629:
10628:
10616:
10610:
10604:
10598:
10592:
10586:
10585:
10577:
10571:
10570:
10538:
10532:
10531:
10501:
10495:
10494:
10474:
10468:
10467:
10447:
10441:
10440:
10428:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10417:
10412:on July 26, 2011
10394:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10383:
10369:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10358:
10343:
10337:
10334:
10328:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10295:
10289:
10288:
10268:
10262:
10261:
10242:
10236:
10224:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10213:
10194:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10183:
10168:
10159:
10152:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10141:
10132:. Archived from
10126:"Polish orphans"
10122:
10116:
10115:
10113:
10111:
10097:
10091:
10074:
10065:
10064:
10046:
10040:
10039:
10031:
10025:
10019:
10008:
10002:
9975:
9969:
9963:
9957:
9948:
9947:
9927:
9921:
9915:
9909:
9899:
9893:
9886:
9880:
9879:
9873:
9864:
9858:
9855:
9849:
9832:
9826:
9825:
9807:
9801:
9800:
9789:
9783:
9782:
9770:
9764:
9763:
9751:
9745:
9744:
9734:
9725:
9719:
9718:
9717:. July 11, 2019.
9707:
9701:
9700:
9688:
9682:
9681:
9673:
9667:
9666:
9657:
9651:
9650:
9639:
9633:
9632:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9602:
9596:
9595:
9584:
9578:
9577:
9554:
9548:
9543:
9537:
9536:
9534:
9532:
9521:
9515:
9510:
9504:
9491:
9485:
9484:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9462:
9456:
9450:
9444:
9438:
9429:
9423:
9417:
9407:
9401:
9395:
9389:
9371:
9365:
9359:
9353:
9347:
9341:
9335:
9329:
9323:
9317:
9311:
9305:
9299:
9293:
9292:
9272:
9266:
9261:Stephen J. Lee.
9259:
9250:
9249:
9237:
9231:
9225:
9219:
9213:
9207:
9206:
9156:
9143:
9142:
9137:
9135:
9129:
9080:
9071:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9060:
9037:
9031:
9025:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9014:
9000:
8985:
8979:
8970:
8964:
8958:
8957:
8947:
8941:
8940:
8922:
8916:
8915:
8893:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8873:. Archived from
8867:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8856:
8846:
8824:
8817:
8811:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8797:
8795:
8794:
8789:
8783:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8758:
8752:
8744:
8738:
8722:
8716:
8713:
8641:
8636:
8635:
8627:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8602:
8590:
8578:
8566:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8460:
8459:
8458:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8424:
8423:
8422:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8396:
8395:
8394:
8373:
8372:
8371:
8360:
8359:
8358:
8345:
8344:
8343:
8328:Period of reign
8314:
8313:
8247:(October 23–26).
8234:Battle of Tarawa
8225:(October 25–27).
8215:Battle of Midway
8151:, and signs the
8101:Nanjing Massacre
8090:captures Beijing
8088:(July 7). Japan
7998:(September 18).
7978:Osachi Hamaguchi
7941:Katsutada Sezawa
7934:Toshihiko Izutsu
7921:Bunsaku Arakatsu
7848:Hiroshi Nakamura
7838:Yasunori Miyoshi
7833:Katsuzo Kuronuma
7738:Shokichi Iyanaga
7718:Noriaki Fukuyama
7708:Ryoichi Nakagawa
7698:Katsuji Miyazaki
7626:
7609:
7592:
7565:Yasuhiko Asahina
7563:
7552:
7537:Masatoshi Ōkōchi
7529:
7521:
7482:Akitsune Imamura
7474:
7423:Yamakawa Kenjirō
7417:Jōkichi Takamine
7400:
7352:Paul Tsuchihashi
7340:Mitsutaro Shirai
7275:
7252:
7213:Yoshisuke Aikawa
7168:Kotaro Shimomura
7159:Mikimoto Kōkichi
7102:Tanaka Hisashige
7061:
7034:Chōzaburō Tanaka
7010:Makoto Nishimura
6992:Takenoshin Nakai
6986:Kunihiko Hashida
6974:Hakaru Hashimoto
6960:
6949:
6940:Fukushi Masaichi
6932:
6915:
6898:
6889:Heijiro Nakayama
6859:Fujiro Katsurada
6854:
6821:Aoyama Tanemichi
6804:
6735:Shinobu Orikuchi
6715:
6682:Masaharu Anesaki
6613:
6594:
6574:
6564:
6563:
6554:
6553:
6535:
6516:
6490:
6487:
6469:
6462:
6444:
6441:
6423:
6416:
6374:
6371:
6353:
6346:
6329:Morio Matsudaira
6310:Marshal Admiral
6306:Battle of Midway
6298:Isoroku Yamamoto
6296:Marshal Admiral
6289:Marshal Admiral
6277:Akiyama Saneyuki
6255:Marshal Admiral
6245:Marshal Admiral
6228:Marshal Admiral
6215:Marshal Admiral
6079:Yamagata Aritomo
6047:Kageaki Kawamura
5908:
5897:Tokyo Prefecture
5893:Emperor Murakami
5884:
5868:
5853:
5806:Yamagata Aritomo
5720:Japanese history
5595:Emperor Hirohito
5573:Having ignored (
5424:Palawan massacre
5392:Battle of Midway
5364:Battle of Midway
5306:, defeating the
5300:Dutch New Guinea
5272:prisoners of war
5251:Manuel L. Quezon
5178:in February 1942
5144:European Theatre
5140:Benito Mussolini
5138:of Germany, and
5119:Isoroku Yamamoto
5082:
5064:
5058:
5034:Second World War
4967:French Indochina
4899:IJA 7th Division
4861:Treaty of Peking
4819:Nanjing Massacre
4755:
4723:
4614:Great Depression
4563:Economic factors
4541:Shimoda Kikutaro
4531:, and sometimes
4510:personality cult
4501:Stanley G. Payne
4284:, beginning the
4264:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4221:
4213:
4206:
4203:
4180:
4172:
4137:
4136:
4124:
4123:
4115:
4114:
4082:The election of
4066:Taishō Democracy
3880:Marshall Islands
3793:Korean Peninsula
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3773:
3761:
3760:
3743:
3742:
3725:
3724:
3642:50 degrees North
3640:Island south of
3589:
3586:
3568:
3561:
3285:New Currency Act
3101:Meiji government
3091:Interior of the
3077:Political reform
3028:Japanese castles
3026:The majority of
3003:
2996:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2791:Senmin Haishirei
2718:Fukuzawa Yukichi
2675:foreign advisors
2666:in exchange for
2644:Ōkubo Toshimichi
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2407:, by a party of
2380:unequal treaties
2365:Matthew C. Perry
2363:which came when
2262:
2254:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2098:Nanjing Massacre
2070:Great Depression
2031:
1895:
1894:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1830:
1829:
1814:
1813:
1786:
1785:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1606:
1507:Economic miracle
1422:Nanking incident
1417:Financial crisis
1254:Perry Expedition
1228:
1137:Mongol invasions
1016:before 14,000 BC
1006:
1005:
1001:
988:
978:History of Japan
965:
964:
929:
928:
915:
914:
903:
902:
890:
889:
876:
875:
869:
868:
853:
852:
746:2 September 1945
642:11 February 1889
334:
238:
216: Colonies (
215:
204:
189:
176:
107:
93:
62:
61:
48:
47:
21:
19152:
19151:
19147:
19146:
19145:
19143:
19142:
19141:
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16903:Battle of Crete
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14385:
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14353:Rape of Belgium
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14189:Eastern Galicia
14122:
14096:
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14059:Civilian impact
14058:
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13762:
13692:Ovambo Uprising
13644:
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13355:
13273:Battle of Łomża
13256:
13252:Christmas truce
13227:Race to the Sea
13160:
13122:
13044:
13015:Austria-Hungary
12991:
12926:Empire of Japan
12863:
12861:
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12834:U-boat campaign
12820:
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12633:Popular culture
12579:
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12525:Yasukuni Shrine
12459:
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12278:
12230:Tripartite Pact
12225:Rape of Nanking
12161:
12147:Tapani incident
12091:
12067:Boxer Rebellion
12025:
12005:
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11809:Representatives
11777:
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11773:Legislative and
11766:
11732:Foreign Affairs
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11555:Government Seal
11540:Rising Sun Flag
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11070:Wayback Machine
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10905:Drea, Edward J.
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9843:Wayback Machine
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9715:Japan Reference
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8639:Politics portal
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8325:Childhood name
8318:Posthumous name
8312:
8270:(August 6) and
8221:(September 5).
8179:Battle of Ambon
8172:Paracel Islands
8155:(September 27).
8153:Tripartite Pact
8137:Mitsumasa Yonai
8126:Spratly Islands
8078:Senjūrō Hayashi
8069:established in
8000:Inukai Tsuyoshi
7996:Mukden Incident
7952:
7947:
7858:Yusuke Hagihara
7853:Ukichiro Nakaya
7788:Taketani Mitsuo
7773:Yutaka Taniyama
7703:Shinroku Momose
7668:Tatsuo Hasegawa
7653:Satosi Watanabe
7638:
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7611:Hakaru Masumoto
7571:Satoyasu Iimori
7531:Torahiko Terada
7459:Fusakichi Omori
7453:Hantaro Nagaoka
7412:
7407:
7358:Kintarô Okamura
7322:Kikuchi Dairoku
7299:
7294:
7260:Tokuji Hayakawa
7225:Miekichi Suzuki
7097:
7092:
7087:Genkei Masamune
7052:Ikuro Takahashi
7016:Shintarō Hirase
6923:Kensuke Mitsuda
6839:Tomitaro Makino
6827:Yoichirō Hirase
6812:Jinzō Matsumura
6806:Hirase Sakugorō
6789:Takaki Kanehiro
6780:Nagai Nagayoshi
6751:
6746:
6741:Zenchū Nakahara
6700:Ryūsaku Tsunoda
6694:Ushinosuke Mori
6643:Ōtsuki Fumihiko
6638:
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6605:
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6539:Ōtsuki Fumihiko
6536:
6527:
6520:Hirase Sakugorō
6517:
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6475:needs expansion
6460:
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6429:needs expansion
6414:
6408:
6375:
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6366:
6359:needs expansion
6344:
6338:
6286:
6267:Katō Tomosaburō
6220:Tōgō Heihachirō
6207:Marshal Admiral
6203:
6198:
6189:Yoshijirō Umezu
6175:Senjūrō Hayashi
6168:Hajime Sugiyama
6161:Kotohito Kan'in
6156:
6137:Minister of War
6133:Ōshima Ken'ichi
6121:Kuroki Tamemoto
6100:Nozu Michitsura
6093:Komatsu Akihito
6071:
6066:
6035:Heihachirō Tōgō
6027:
6021:
5966:: envoy to the
5944:Mutsu Munemitsu
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5889:Imperial Family
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5770:Imperial Family
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5543:Yalta agreement
5524:nuclear weapons
5450:
5438:Main articles:
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5235:the Philippines
5218:Prince of Wales
5216:sinking of HMS
5164:
5148:Pacific Theater
5103:
5095:Main articles:
5093:
4995:Tripartite Pact
4956:racial equality
4933:Tripartite Pact
4925:
4919:Tripartite Pact
4917:Main articles:
4915:
4913:Tripartite Pact
4903:Neutrality Pact
4853:
4841:Main articles:
4839:
4800:Chiang Kai-shek
4776:
4770:
4690:Mukden Incident
4686:Northeast China
4674:
4664:Mukden Incident
4662:Main articles:
4660:
4655:
4647:Main articles:
4645:
4640:
4628:Main articles:
4626:
4565:
4476:, a brother of
4474:Prince Chichibu
4452:Emperor worship
4412:Kazushige Ugaki
4400:
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4388:May 15 Incident
4374:Main articles:
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4308:
4302:
4292:, the Japanese
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4207:
4201:
4198:
4187:needs expansion
4181:
4159:
4143:Rikken Minseitō
4141:) in 1927. The
4130:Rikken Minseitō
4058:Itagaki Taisuke
4050:
4042:Katō Tomosaburō
3998:Japanese troops
3960:
3948:Main articles:
3927:
3870:as well as the
3855:
3849:
3837:Main articles:
3835:
3830:
3813:
3776:
3728:Ilje gangjeomgi
3664:
3658:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3574:needs expansion
3559:
3542:
3464:Shimamura Hayao
3428:
3422:Boxer Rebellion
3420:Main articles:
3402:
3400:Boxer Rebellion
3319:tributary state
3307:
3299:Main articles:
3297:
3278:social mobility
3246:
3238:Main articles:
3206:
3085:
3079:
3045:Shinbutsu bunri
2906:Lenten Triodion
2871:
2836:Blood tax riots
2779:
2769:
2757:Main articles:
2755:
2685:, described by
2668:Sakhalin island
2651:Iwakura Mission
2608:
2596:Main articles:
2583:
2571:Republic of Ezo
2533:
2506:
2500:
2468:imperial palace
2437:Kinmon incident
2341:
2335:
2330:
2289:Empire of Japan
2210:
2204:
2058:Boxer Rebellion
2025:
1941:Japanese Empire
1937:Empire of Japan
1912:Japanese Empire
1890:
1827:
1811:
1789:Japanese Empire
1780:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1562:1989–2019
1559:
1558:
1519:1926–1989
1516:
1477:Atomic bombings
1452:Tripartite Pact
1437:May 15 incident
1427:Mukden Incident
1398:1912–1926
1395:
1394:
1365:1868–1912
1362:
1361:
1337:Boxer Rebellion
1282:1603–1868
1279:
1278:
1226:
1216:1573–1603
1213:
1212:
1191:Azuchi–Momoyama
1183:1336–1573
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1179:
1155:1185–1333
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1084:710 – 794
1081:
1070:538 – 710
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894:Republic of Ezo
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733:7 December 1941
730:
720:12 October 1940
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691:
689:Mukden Incident
678:
668:8 February 1904
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535:Shigeru Yoshida
531:
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18:Japanese Empire
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18953:
18941:
18939:Occupied Nauru
18929:
18917:
18905:
18893:
18881:
18879:
18867:
18855:
18843:
18831:
18819:
18807:
18795:
18782:
18770:
18768:State of Burma
18758:
18746:
18734:
18722:
18710:
18698:
18686:
18674:
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18369:British Empire
18365:
18364:
18349:
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18334:
18326:
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18314:
18293:Kantō Bureau:
18286:
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17880:South Sakhalin
17876:
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17816:
17809:
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17375:
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17373:
17359:
17352:
17343:
17336:
17329:
17322:
17315:
17308:
17305:Battle of Attu
17301:
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17092:
17085:
17078:
17071:
17064:
17057:
17054:Battle of Guam
17050:
17043:
17036:
17029:
17022:
17015:
17008:
17001:
16994:
16987:
16980:
16977:Battle of Kiev
16973:
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16476:United Kingdom
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16010:
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15986:
15979:
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15943:
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15913:
15911:
15905:
15904:
15902:
15901:
15894:
15893:
15892:
15878:
15877:
15876:
15873:British Empire
15866:United Kingdom
15862:
15855:
15848:
15841:
15834:
15827:
15815:
15808:
15801:
15794:
15787:
15780:
15773:
15766:
15759:
15747:
15740:
15733:
15726:
15719:
15707:
15699:
15692:
15685:
15682:Czechoslovakia
15678:
15671:
15664:
15657:
15645:
15638:
15631:
15624:
15616:
15614:
15605:
15599:
15598:
15595:
15594:
15592:
15591:
15590:
15589:
15582:
15579:Rape of Manila
15575:
15568:
15561:
15550:
15535:
15528:
15516:
15509:
15508:
15507:
15500:
15486:
15485:
15484:
15477:
15470:
15456:
15449:
15448:
15447:
15440:
15439:
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15431:
15417:
15410:
15396:
15395:
15394:
15387:
15380:
15365:
15363:
15357:
15356:
15354:
15353:
15350:United Nations
15346:
15339:
15332:
15331:
15330:
15323:
15316:
15309:
15295:
15286:
15277:
15270:
15263:
15256:
15247:
15240:
15233:
15226:
15219:
15212:
15209:Decolonization
15205:
15198:
15190:
15188:
15182:
15181:
15179:
15178:
15171:
15170:
15169:
15155:
15148:
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15139:
15132:
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15109:
15095:
15094:
15093:
15086:
15079:
15072:
15065:
15058:
15043:
15041:
15035:
15034:
15032:
15031:
15024:
15017:
15010:
15003:
14996:
14989:
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14980:
14973:
14959:
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14945:
14938:
14931:
14924:
14917:
14916:
14915:
14901:
14894:
14893:
14892:
14885:
14882:United Kingdom
14878:
14864:
14857:
14850:
14843:
14836:
14829:
14822:
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14820:
14805:
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14598:
14593:
14588:
14578:
14573:
14572:
14571:
14566:
14558:
14552:
14550:
14548:Peace treaties
14547:
14544:
14543:
14541:
14540:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
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14479:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14453:
14451:
14445:
14444:
14442:
14441:
14436:
14434:United Kingdom
14431:
14426:
14424:Ottoman Empire
14421:
14416:
14411:
14406:
14401:
14395:
14393:
14386:
14381:
14378:
14377:
14374:
14373:
14371:
14370:
14365:
14360:
14355:
14350:
14349:
14348:
14343:
14338:
14328:
14326:Sack of Dinant
14323:
14318:
14313:
14312:
14311:
14306:
14305:
14304:
14290:
14288:
14282:
14281:
14279:
14278:
14277:
14276:
14274:United Kingdom
14271:
14262:
14260:
14254:
14253:
14251:
14250:
14249:
14248:
14243:
14234:
14228:POW locations
14226:
14221:
14220:
14219:
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14136:
14130:
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14110:
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14095:
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14087:
14079:
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14072:
14063:
14061:
14053:
14050:
14049:
14046:
14045:
14043:
14042:
14037:
14036:
14035:
14028:United Kingdom
14025:
14023:Ottoman Empire
14020:
14015:
14009:
14007:
14000:
13999:
13997:Trench warfare
13994:
13993:
13992:
13982:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13962:
13961:
13960:
13949:
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13940:
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13904:
13903:
13902:
13896:
13890:
13884:
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13867:
13861:
13855:
13849:
13843:
13837:
13831:
13825:
13819:
13813:
13807:
13801:
13795:
13789:
13783:
13777:
13770:
13768:
13764:
13763:
13761:
13760:
13754:
13748:
13742:
13736:
13730:
13724:
13718:
13713:
13710:Volta-Bani War
13707:
13701:
13695:
13689:
13683:
13677:
13671:
13665:
13659:
13652:
13650:
13646:
13645:
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13642:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13622:
13617:
13612:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13555:Zeebrugge Raid
13552:
13547:
13542:
13536:
13534:
13528:
13527:
13525:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
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13474:
13469:
13464:
13459:
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13444:
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13430:
13429:
13427:
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13421:
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13411:
13406:
13401:
13400:
13399:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13374:
13369:
13363:
13361:
13357:
13356:
13354:
13353:
13348:
13346:Battle of Loos
13343:
13338:
13333:
13328:
13323:
13318:
13313:
13308:
13303:
13298:
13293:
13288:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13264:
13262:
13258:
13257:
13255:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13239:
13237:Black Sea raid
13234:
13229:
13224:
13219:
13214:
13209:
13204:
13199:
13194:
13189:
13184:
13179:
13174:
13168:
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13162:
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13153:
13148:
13143:
13142:
13141:
13139:Historiography
13130:
13128:
13124:
13123:
13121:
13120:
13114:
13108:
13102:
13096:
13093:Bosnian Crisis
13090:
13087:Tangier Crisis
13084:
13078:
13072:
13065:
13063:
13056:
13050:
13049:
13046:
13045:
13043:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13020:Ottoman Empire
13017:
13012:
13007:
13001:
12999:
12997:Central Powers
12993:
12992:
12990:
12989:
12984:
12983:
12982:
12980:British Empire
12975:United Kingdom
12972:
12967:
12962:
12961:
12960:
12955:
12953:Russian Empire
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12929:
12928:
12918:
12913:
12908:
12907:
12906:
12896:
12891:
12886:
12881:
12875:
12873:
12871:Entente Powers
12864:
12859:
12856:
12855:
12852:
12851:
12849:
12848:
12843:
12842:
12841:
12839:North Atlantic
12830:
12828:
12822:
12821:
12819:
12818:
12813:
12808:
12802:
12800:
12794:
12793:
12791:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12775:
12770:
12764:
12762:
12756:
12755:
12753:
12752:
12750:Central Arabia
12747:
12742:
12737:
12732:
12727:
12722:
12716:
12714:
12712:Middle Eastern
12708:
12707:
12705:
12704:
12699:
12698:
12697:
12687:
12682:
12681:
12680:
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12658:
12654:
12653:
12651:
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12645:
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12630:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12613:Historiography
12610:
12605:
12600:
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12572:
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12558:
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12409:
12404:
12399:
12394:
12388:
12386:
12380:
12379:
12377:
12376:
12371:
12369:State of Burma
12366:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12346:
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12227:
12222:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12190:Musha Incident
12187:
12182:
12180:Jinan incident
12177:
12171:
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12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12037:Beipu uprising
12034:
12028:
12026:
12021:
12015:
12011:
12010:
12007:
12006:
12004:
12003:
12001:Treaty Faction
11998:
11993:
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11970:
11965:
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11959:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11943:
11938:
11933:
11931:Imperial Guard
11928:
11923:
11918:
11912:
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11905:
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11901:
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11704:
11698:
11696:
11691:Administration
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11360:
11352:
11344:
11343:
11329:Post-war Japan
11326:
11323:
11310:
11301:
11295:
11294:
11280:
11279:External links
11277:
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11030:
11013:
11007:
10994:
10975:978-0307739742
10974:
10961:
10955:
10938:Saigō Takamori
10927:
10921:
10901:
10895:
10889:. NIAS Press.
10882:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10837:
10836:
10813:
10800:
10778:
10763:
10756:
10738:
10720:
10717:978-0674022416
10704:
10687:
10669:
10651:
10630:
10611:
10609:, p. 259.
10599:
10587:
10572:
10553:(1): 103–116.
10533:
10526:
10496:
10469:
10458:(3): 254–268.
10452:Public Affairs
10442:
10423:
10389:
10364:
10338:
10329:
10317:
10310:
10290:
10283:
10263:
10256:
10237:
10235:, 2001, p. 284
10219:
10189:
10160:
10154:Hane, Mikiso,
10147:
10117:
10092:
10066:
10060:978-0520213616
10059:
10041:
10038:. p. 503.
10034:Paine, Sarah.
10026:
10009:
9976:
9964:
9949:
9942:
9922:
9910:
9894:
9892:(1940) p. 107.
9888:Phra Sarasas,
9881:
9859:
9850:
9827:
9820:
9802:
9784:
9765:
9746:
9720:
9702:
9683:
9668:
9652:
9634:
9616:
9597:
9594:. May 2, 2017.
9579:
9570:978-0691176475
9569:
9549:
9538:
9516:
9505:
9503:www.calvin.edu
9486:
9471:
9457:
9445:
9443:, p. 312.
9430:
9428:, p. 124.
9418:
9402:
9400:, p. 286.
9390:
9366:
9354:
9352:, p. 116.
9342:
9340:, p. 282.
9330:
9318:
9306:
9294:
9288:978-1134252305
9287:
9267:
9251:
9232:
9230:, p. 433.
9220:
9218:, p. 234.
9208:
9144:
9066:
9052:
9032:
9020:
8986:
8971:
8969:, p. 669.
8959:
8942:
8936:978-0226412344
8935:
8917:
8910:
8888:
8862:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8812:
8798:
8784:
8766:
8739:
8735:Yasukuni Jinja
8717:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8700:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8667:Emperor system
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8643:
8642:
8628:
8612:
8609:
8608:
8607:
8604:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8542:
8541:
8534:
8533:
8526:
8525:
8506:
8505:
8498:
8497:
8482:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8462:
8447:
8433:
8432:
8429:
8426:
8413:
8398:
8384:
8383:
8380:
8375:
8362:
8347:
8333:
8332:
8329:
8326:
8323:
8320:
8311:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8299:
8292:South Sakhalin
8284:Inner Mongolia
8256:Kantarō Suzuki
8248:
8237:
8236:(November 23).
8226:
8209:forces in the
8199:Doolittle Raid
8175:
8158:1941: General
8156:
8133:
8118:
8104:
8082:Fumimaro Konoe
8074:
8071:Inner Mongolia
8065:(December 3).
8056:its first pact
8044:
8043:(December 29).
8033:
8030:
8019:a coup attempt
8009:(January 29).
8007:shell the city
8003:
7984:
7981:
7974:
7967:
7960:
7957:Emperor Taishō
7951:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7944:Katsura Kotaro
7942:
7939:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7925:Shinji Maejima
7923:
7918:
7915:
7913:Tokubei Kuroda
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7893:Jiro Horikoshi
7890:
7885:
7880:
7878:Ozawa Yoshiaki
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7783:Seishi Kikuchi
7780:
7775:
7770:
7768:Shoichi Sakata
7765:
7760:
7758:Tomizo Yoshida
7755:
7753:Kazuo Kubokawa
7750:
7748:Takeo Hatanaka
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7693:Yanosuke Hirai
7690:
7688:Soichiro Honda
7685:
7680:
7678:Jiro Horikoshi
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7631:
7628:Ozawa Yoshiaki
7620:
7614:
7603:
7600:Masuzo Shikata
7597:
7586:
7583:Yoshio Nishina
7580:
7574:
7568:
7557:
7546:
7540:
7534:
7523:
7515:
7509:
7506:Umetaro Suzuki
7503:
7497:
7491:
7485:
7479:
7476:Hisashi Kimura
7468:
7462:
7456:
7450:
7447:Masataka Ogawa
7444:
7438:
7432:
7426:
7420:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7394:
7391:Yoshishige Abe
7388:
7382:
7376:
7370:
7364:
7361:
7355:
7349:
7343:
7337:
7331:
7325:
7319:
7313:
7307:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7286:
7280:
7269:
7263:
7257:
7246:
7240:
7237:Hidetsugu Yagi
7234:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7210:
7204:
7201:
7198:Jujiro Matsuda
7195:
7192:Namihei Odaira
7189:
7183:
7180:Sakichi Toyoda
7177:
7171:
7165:
7162:
7156:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7123:Masuda Takashi
7120:
7117:
7111:
7105:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7084:
7081:Minoru Shirota
7078:
7072:
7069:Satyu Yamaguti
7066:
7063:Hitoshi Kihara
7055:
7049:
7046:Yaichirō Okada
7043:
7037:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7013:
7007:
7001:
6995:
6989:
6983:
6977:
6971:
6965:
6962:Gennosuke Fuse
6954:
6951:Takaoki Sasaki
6943:
6937:
6934:Hideyo Noguchi
6926:
6920:
6917:Ryukichi Inada
6909:
6903:
6892:
6886:
6880:
6877:Takuji Iwasaki
6874:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6848:
6842:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6818:
6815:
6809:
6798:
6792:
6786:
6783:
6777:
6771:
6765:
6759:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6738:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6709:
6703:
6697:
6691:
6688:Kunio Yanagita
6685:
6679:
6676:
6670:
6664:
6661:Naitō Torajirō
6658:
6652:
6649:Yusuke Hashiba
6646:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6615:
6608:
6606:
6602:Imperial Prize
6596:
6589:
6587:
6576:
6569:
6567:
6537:
6530:
6528:
6524:Imperial Prize
6518:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6472:
6470:
6456:Main article:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6426:
6424:
6410:Main article:
6407:
6404:
6377:
6376:
6370:September 2021
6356:
6354:
6340:Main article:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6322:
6319:Chūichi Nagumo
6315:
6308:
6294:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6273:
6270:
6263:
6253:
6243:
6238:Admiral Count
6236:
6226:
6213:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6171:
6166:Field Marshal
6164:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6147:Kodama Gentarō
6143:
6129:
6127:Nagaoka Gaishi
6125:General Count
6123:
6119:General Count
6117:
6112:General Count
6110:
6105:General Count
6103:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6023:Main article:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6009:Hiroshi Ōshima
6001:
6000:
5994:Ishii Kikujiro
5990:
5984:Torii Tadafumi
5980:
5970:
5964:Kaneko Kentarō
5960:
5954:Hayashi Tadasu
5950:
5940:
5934:Boxer Protocol
5921:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5903:
5901:
5886:
5879:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5861:
5855:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5829:Fumimaro Konoe
5823:World War II:
5821:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5802:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5779:Early period:
5764:
5761:
5756:Main article:
5753:
5750:
5738:For historian
5640:occupied Japan
5616:Main article:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5551:South Sakhalin
5435:
5432:
5380:Doolittle Raid
5323:
5320:
5255:forced to flee
5249:and President
5241:and later the
5176:city's capture
5174:following the
5163:
5160:
5092:
5089:
5038:Iwanami Shoten
5023:In 1940 Japan
4980:British Malaya
4978:—specifically
4976:Southeast Asia
4963:Panay incident
4914:
4911:
4838:
4835:
4827:A puppet state
4792:Forbidden City
4772:Main article:
4769:
4766:
4659:
4656:
4644:
4641:
4625:
4622:
4564:
4561:
4525:teikan yōshiki
4493:Fumimaro Konoe
4371:
4368:
4356:Treaty Faction
4301:
4298:
4282:Emperor Taishō
4271:Main article:
4267:
4266:
4225:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4208:
4184:
4182:
4175:
4158:
4155:
4049:
4046:
3926:
3923:
3857:Japan entered
3834:
3831:
3826:Main article:
3820:Emperor Taishō
3812:
3809:
3705:following the
3688:unequal treaty
3660:Main article:
3657:
3654:
3592:
3591:
3571:
3569:
3555:Main article:
3541:
3538:
3530:Boxer Protocol
3426:Boxer Protocol
3414:Boxer Protocol
3401:
3398:
3396:in this port.
3315:Joseon dynasty
3296:
3293:
3220:Masuda Takashi
3205:
3202:
3198:House of Peers
3186:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3081:Main article:
3078:
3075:
3064:Horyuji temple
2918:Book of Psalms
2914:Feast Services
2910:Pentecostarion
2754:
2751:
2714:westernization
2636:Iwakura Tomomi
2632:Kido Takayoshi
2621:new government
2582:
2579:
2532:The Boshin War
2502:Main article:
2499:
2496:
2476:Saigō Takamori
2386:movement, the
2337:Main article:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2311:in the world.
2203:
2200:
2141:Okinawa Island
2034:shokusan kōgyō
1945:Imperial Japan
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1875:Transcriptions
1868:
1867:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1659:Historiography
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1244:Siege of Osaka
1241:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:Sengoku period
1172:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:794–1185
1115:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1004:
998:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
981:
980:
974:
973:
961:
960:
958:
957:
950:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
923:
917:
916:
909:
907:Occupied Japan
900:
897:
896:
891:
883:
882:
877:
865:
864:
859:
849:
848:
846:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
819:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
788:
787:
784:
780:
779:
776:
772:
771:
765:
764:
761:
760:
757:
751:
748:
747:
744:
738:
735:
734:
731:
725:
722:
721:
718:
712:
709:
708:
705:
699:
696:
695:
692:
686:
683:
682:
681:23 August 1914
679:
673:
670:
669:
666:
660:
657:
656:
653:
647:
644:
643:
640:
634:
631:
630:
629:3 January 1868
627:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
600:
599:Historical era
596:
595:
589:
583:
580:
579:
576:House of Peers
573:
567:
564:
563:
555:House of Peers
550:rule by decree
546:
542:
541:
538:
537:
532:
529:
526:
525:
520:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
504:Prime Minister
500:
499:
496:
495:
490:
487:
484:
483:
478:
475:
472:
471:
466:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
446:
445:
425:
424:
406:
400:
399:
397:
396:
393:state ideology
380:
368:
366:
362:
361:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
337:
335:
329:
328:
323:
319:
318:
316:
315:
312:
308:
306:
302:
301:
299:
298:
292:
286:
279:
277:
273:
272:
261:
257:
256:
253:
252:
235:
233:
212:
210:
201:
198:
190:
182:
181:
140:
139:
117:
116:
109:
102:
101:
95:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
63:
55:
54:
51:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19149:
19138:
19135:
19133:
19130:
19128:
19125:
19123:
19120:
19118:
19115:
19113:
19110:
19108:
19105:
19103:
19100:
19098:
19095:
19093:
19090:
19088:
19085:
19083:
19080:
19078:
19075:
19073:
19070:
19068:
19065:
19063:
19060:
19058:
19055:
19053:
19050:
19049:
19047:
19040:
19037:
19000:
18997:
18995:
18992:
18990:
18987:
18986:
18983:
18976:
18966:
18964:
18954:
18952:
18942:
18940:
18930:
18928:
18927:Occupied Guam
18918:
18916:
18906:
18904:
18894:
18891:
18880:
18878:
18868:
18866:
18856:
18854:
18844:
18842:
18832:
18830:
18820:
18818:
18808:
18806:
18796:
18794:
18783:
18781:
18771:
18769:
18759:
18757:
18747:
18745:
18735:
18733:
18723:
18721:
18711:
18709:
18699:
18697:
18687:
18685:
18675:
18673:
18663:
18661:
18651:
18649:
18639:
18638:
18634:
18630:
18626:
18618:
18613:
18611:
18606:
18604:
18599:
18598:
18595:
18583:
18579:
18576:
18574:
18571:
18570:
18568:
18564:
18556:
18553:
18552:
18551:
18548:
18544:
18541:
18539:
18536:
18534:
18531:
18530:
18529:
18526:
18522:
18519:
18517:
18514:
18512:
18509:
18508:
18507:
18504:
18500:
18497:
18496:
18495:
18492:
18491:
18489:
18485:
18479:
18476:
18474:
18471:
18469:
18466:
18464:
18461:
18459:
18456:
18455:
18453:
18451:
18450:United States
18447:
18442:
18432:
18429:
18427:
18424:
18422:
18419:
18417:
18414:
18412:
18409:
18407:
18404:
18402:
18398:
18395:
18393:
18390:
18388:
18385:
18383:
18380:
18378:
18375:
18374:
18372:
18370:
18366:
18362:
18358:
18354:
18347:
18342:
18340:
18335:
18333:
18328:
18327:
18324:
18312:
18308:
18304:
18300:
18296:
18292:
18291:
18287:
18285:
18283:
18279:
18274:
18270:
18266:
18262:
18258:
18254:
18250:
18246:
18242:
18241:
18240:
18235:
18233:
18229:
18224:
18221:
18219:
18216:
18214:
18211:
18209:
18206:
18204:
18201:
18199:
18196:
18194:
18191:
18189:
18186:
18185:
18184:
18179:
18177:
18173:
18167:
18166:Kankyōhoku-dō
18164:
18162:
18159:
18157:
18154:
18152:
18149:
18147:
18144:
18142:
18139:
18137:
18136:Keishōhoku-dō
18134:
18132:
18129:
18127:
18124:
18122:
18119:
18117:
18116:Chūseihoku-dō
18114:
18112:
18109:
18107:
18104:
18103:
18102:
18101:
18096:
18094:
18090:
18084:
18080:
18076:
18072:
18068:
18064:
18060:
18056:
18052:
18048:
18044:
18040:
18037:
18036:
18034:
18031:
18030:
18025:
18021:
18017:
18013:
18005:
18000:
17998:
17993:
17991:
17986:
17985:
17982:
17969:
17965:
17962:
17958:
17955:
17954:
17949:
17942:
17941:
17938:
17925:
17921:
17918:
17914:
17911:
17907:
17906:
17904:
17900:
17895:
17891:
17890:
17888:
17887:Kuril Islands
17884:
17881:
17877:
17872:
17868:
17867:
17865:
17861:
17858:
17854:
17851:
17847:
17844:
17840:
17837:
17833:
17828:
17824:
17823:
17821:
17817:
17814:
17810:
17807:
17803:
17800:
17796:
17793:
17789:
17786:
17782:
17779:
17775:
17772:
17768:
17765:
17761:
17758:
17754:
17751:
17747:
17744:
17740:
17737:
17733:
17730:
17726:
17723:
17719:
17718:
17716:
17714:
17710:
17703:
17699:
17694:
17693:
17688:
17687:
17685:
17681:
17678:
17674:
17669:
17665:
17664:
17662:
17658:
17655:
17654:Syrmian Front
17651:
17648:
17644:
17641:
17637:
17634:
17630:
17627:
17626:
17621:
17618:
17617:
17612:
17609:
17605:
17602:
17601:
17600:Market Garden
17596:
17593:
17589:
17586:
17582:
17579:
17575:
17572:
17571:
17566:
17563:
17559:
17556:
17552:
17549:
17545:
17542:
17538:
17535:
17531:
17528:
17524:
17521:
17520:
17515:
17512:
17508:
17505:
17504:
17499:
17496:
17495:
17490:
17487:
17486:
17481:
17478:
17474:
17471:
17467:
17464:
17460:
17459:Monte Cassino
17456:
17453:
17452:
17447:
17446:
17444:
17442:
17438:
17431:
17427:
17422:
17418:
17415:
17411:
17410:
17408:
17404:
17401:
17397:
17394:
17390:
17387:
17383:
17380:
17376:
17371:
17367:
17366:
17364:
17360:
17357:
17353:
17350:
17349:
17344:
17341:
17337:
17334:
17330:
17327:
17323:
17320:
17316:
17313:
17309:
17306:
17302:
17299:
17295:
17292:
17288:
17287:
17285:
17283:
17279:
17272:
17268:
17265:
17264:
17259:
17256:
17252:
17249:
17245:
17242:
17241:
17236:
17233:
17229:
17226:
17222:
17219:
17215:
17212:
17211:
17206:
17201:
17197:
17194:
17190:
17189:
17187:
17183:
17180:
17176:
17173:
17169:
17166:
17162:
17159:
17155:
17152:
17148:
17145:
17141:
17138:
17134:
17131:
17127:
17124:
17120:
17117:
17113:
17112:
17110:
17108:
17104:
17097:
17093:
17090:
17086:
17083:
17079:
17076:
17072:
17069:
17065:
17062:
17058:
17055:
17051:
17048:
17044:
17041:
17037:
17034:
17030:
17027:
17023:
17020:
17016:
17013:
17009:
17006:
17002:
16999:
16995:
16992:
16988:
16985:
16981:
16978:
16974:
16971:
16967:
16963:
16962:
16957:
16953:
16948:
16944:
16943:
16941:
16937:
16934:
16930:
16927:
16923:
16920:
16916:
16913:
16909:
16904:
16900:
16899:
16897:
16893:
16890:
16886:
16883:
16879:
16876:
16872:
16871:
16869:
16867:
16863:
16856:
16855:
16850:
16847:
16843:
16840:
16836:
16833:
16829:
16826:
16825:Baltic states
16822:
16819:
16815:
16812:
16808:
16805:
16801:
16798:
16794:
16791:
16787:
16784:
16780:
16777:
16773:
16770:
16766:
16763:
16759:
16756:
16752:
16749:
16745:
16742:
16738:
16735:
16731:
16728:
16724:
16723:
16721:
16719:
16715:
16708:
16704:
16701:
16697:
16694:
16690:
16687:
16683:
16680:
16676:
16673:
16669:
16666:
16662:
16661:
16659:
16657:
16653:
16644:
16640:
16637:
16633:
16630:
16626:
16623:
16619:
16616:
16612:
16611:
16609:
16605:
16600:
16596:
16593:
16589:
16588:
16586:
16582:
16577:
16573:
16572:
16570:
16566:
16565:
16563:
16561:
16557:
16554:
16552:
16548:
16537:
16533:
16530:
16526:
16521:
16517:
16514:
16510:
16509:
16505:
16500:
16496:
16495:
16493:
16489:
16486:
16482:
16477:
16473:
16470:
16469:United States
16466:
16461:
16457:
16456:
16454:
16450:
16449:
16445:
16442:
16438:
16437:
16435:
16433:
16429:
16422:
16418:
16413:
16409:
16406:
16405:Quốc dân Đảng
16402:
16401:
16397:
16394:
16390:
16387:
16383:
16380:
16376:
16373:
16369:
16366:
16362:
16359:
16355:
16352:
16348:
16345:
16341:
16338:
16334:
16331:
16327:
16324:
16320:
16317:
16313:
16310:
16306:
16303:
16299:
16294:
16290:
16287:
16283:
16282:
16280:
16276:
16273:
16269:
16266:
16262:
16259:
16255:
16252:
16248:
16245:
16241:
16238:
16234:
16231:
16227:
16224:
16220:
16217:
16213:
16210:
16206:
16203:
16199:
16196:
16192:
16189:
16185:
16182:
16178:
16175:
16171:
16168:
16164:
16163:
16161:
16159:
16155:
16148:
16144:
16141:
16137:
16134:
16130:
16127:
16123:
16120:
16116:
16113:
16109:
16106:
16105:Liechtenstein
16102:
16099:
16095:
16092:
16088:
16085:
16081:
16078:
16074:
16073:
16071:
16069:
16065:
16058:
16057:Collaboration
16054:
16051:
16047:
16044:
16040:
16037:
16033:
16029:
16025:
16022:
16018:
16015:
16011:
16008:
16004:
15999:
15995:
15994:
15991:
15987:
15984:
15980:
15977:
15973:
15970:
15966:
15963:
15959:
15956:
15952:
15948:
15944:
15941:
15937:
15934:
15930:
15926:
15922:
15919:
15915:
15914:
15912:
15910:
15906:
15899:
15895:
15890:
15886:
15885:
15883:
15882:United States
15879:
15874:
15870:
15869:
15867:
15863:
15860:
15856:
15853:
15849:
15846:
15842:
15839:
15835:
15832:
15828:
15824:
15820:
15816:
15813:
15809:
15806:
15802:
15799:
15795:
15792:
15788:
15785:
15781:
15778:
15774:
15771:
15767:
15764:
15760:
15756:
15752:
15748:
15745:
15741:
15738:
15734:
15731:
15727:
15724:
15720:
15716:
15712:
15708:
15704:
15700:
15697:
15693:
15690:
15686:
15683:
15679:
15676:
15672:
15669:
15665:
15662:
15658:
15654:
15650:
15646:
15643:
15639:
15636:
15632:
15629:
15625:
15622:
15618:
15617:
15615:
15613:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15600:
15587:
15583:
15580:
15576:
15573:
15572:Comfort women
15569:
15566:
15562:
15559:
15556: /
15555:
15551:
15548:
15545: /
15544:
15541: /
15540:
15536:
15533:
15532:Camp brothels
15529:
15526:
15522:
15521:
15517:
15514:
15510:
15505:
15501:
15498:
15494:
15493:
15491:
15487:
15482:
15478:
15475:
15471:
15468:
15464:
15463:
15461:
15457:
15454:
15450:
15445:
15441:
15436:
15432:
15429:
15425:
15424:
15422:
15421:The Holocaust
15418:
15415:
15411:
15408:
15407:forced labour
15404:
15403:
15401:
15397:
15392:
15388:
15385:
15381:
15378:
15374:
15373:
15371:
15367:
15366:
15364:
15362:
15358:
15351:
15347:
15344:
15340:
15337:
15333:
15328:
15324:
15321:
15317:
15314:
15310:
15307:
15303:
15302:
15300:
15296:
15293:
15292:
15287:
15284:
15283:
15278:
15275:
15271:
15268:
15264:
15261:
15260:Marshall Plan
15257:
15254:
15253:
15248:
15245:
15241:
15238:
15234:
15231:
15227:
15224:
15220:
15217:
15213:
15210:
15206:
15203:
15199:
15196:
15192:
15191:
15189:
15187:
15183:
15176:
15172:
15167:
15163:
15162:
15160:
15156:
15153:
15149:
15144:
15140:
15137:
15133:
15130:
15126:
15125:
15123:
15119:
15114:
15113:Eastern Front
15110:
15107:
15106:Western Front
15103:
15102:
15100:
15096:
15091:
15087:
15084:
15080:
15077:
15073:
15070:
15066:
15063:
15059:
15056:
15052:
15051:
15049:
15045:
15044:
15042:
15040:
15036:
15029:
15025:
15022:
15018:
15015:
15011:
15008:
15004:
15001:
15000:Puppet states
14997:
14994:
14990:
14987:
14983:
14978:
14974:
14971:
14967:
14966:
14964:
14960:
14957:
14953:
14950:
14946:
14943:
14942:Naval history
14939:
14936:
14932:
14929:
14925:
14922:
14918:
14913:
14909:
14908:
14906:
14902:
14899:
14895:
14890:
14889:United States
14886:
14883:
14879:
14876:
14872:
14871:
14869:
14865:
14862:
14858:
14855:
14851:
14848:
14844:
14841:
14837:
14834:
14830:
14827:
14823:
14818:
14814:
14813:
14811:
14807:
14806:
14804:
14802:
14798:
14795:
14791:
14784:
14780:
14777:
14773:
14768:
14764:
14761:
14757:
14754:
14750:
14749:
14745:
14740:
14736:
14735:
14733:
14729:
14726:
14722:
14721:
14718:
14714:
14707:
14702:
14700:
14695:
14693:
14688:
14687:
14684:
14672:
14669:
14668:
14665:
14655:
14654:
14650:
14648:
14647:
14643:
14641:
14638:
14636:
14635:
14631:
14630:
14628:
14624:
14614:
14611:
14607:
14604:
14602:
14599:
14597:
14594:
14592:
14589:
14587:
14584:
14583:
14582:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14570:
14567:
14565:
14562:
14561:
14559:
14557:
14554:
14553:
14551:
14545:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14490:
14488:
14484:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14454:
14452:
14450:
14446:
14440:
14439:United States
14437:
14435:
14432:
14430:
14427:
14425:
14422:
14420:
14417:
14415:
14412:
14410:
14407:
14405:
14402:
14400:
14397:
14396:
14394:
14390:
14387:
14384:
14379:
14369:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14359:
14356:
14354:
14351:
14347:
14344:
14342:
14339:
14337:
14334:
14333:
14332:
14329:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14310:
14307:
14303:
14300:
14299:
14298:
14295:
14294:
14292:
14291:
14289:
14287:
14283:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14266:
14264:
14263:
14261:
14259:
14255:
14247:
14244:
14242:
14238:
14235:
14233:
14230:
14229:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14218:
14215:
14214:
14212:
14211:
14209:
14207:
14203:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14186:
14184:
14182:
14179:
14175:
14174:
14170:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14158:
14155:
14154:
14152:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14139:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14131:
14129:
14125:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14109:
14106:
14105:
14103:
14099:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14082:
14080:
14078:
14075:
14071:
14068:
14067:
14065:
14064:
14062:
14056:
14051:
14041:
14040:United States
14038:
14034:
14031:
14030:
14029:
14026:
14024:
14021:
14019:
14016:
14014:
14011:
14010:
14008:
14004:
13998:
13995:
13991:
13990:Convoy system
13988:
13987:
13986:
13985:Naval warfare
13983:
13981:
13978:
13976:
13973:
13971:
13968:
13966:
13963:
13959:
13956:
13955:
13954:
13951:
13950:
13948:
13944:
13941:
13937:
13926:
13923:
13920:
13917:
13914:
13911:
13908:
13905:
13900:
13897:
13894:
13891:
13888:
13885:
13882:
13879:
13878:
13877:
13874:
13871:
13868:
13865:
13862:
13859:
13856:
13853:
13850:
13847:
13844:
13841:
13838:
13835:
13832:
13829:
13826:
13823:
13820:
13817:
13814:
13811:
13808:
13805:
13802:
13799:
13796:
13793:
13790:
13787:
13784:
13781:
13778:
13775:
13772:
13771:
13769:
13765:
13758:
13755:
13752:
13749:
13746:
13745:Kaocen revolt
13743:
13740:
13739:Easter Rising
13737:
13734:
13731:
13728:
13725:
13722:
13719:
13717:
13714:
13711:
13708:
13705:
13702:
13699:
13696:
13693:
13690:
13687:
13684:
13681:
13678:
13675:
13672:
13669:
13666:
13663:
13660:
13657:
13654:
13653:
13651:
13647:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13626:
13623:
13621:
13618:
13616:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13537:
13535:
13533:
13529:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13439:
13437:
13435:
13431:
13425:
13422:
13420:
13417:
13415:
13412:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13398:
13395:
13394:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13364:
13362:
13358:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13311:Great Retreat
13309:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13286:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13265:
13263:
13259:
13253:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13238:
13235:
13233:
13230:
13228:
13225:
13223:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13208:
13205:
13203:
13200:
13198:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13185:
13183:
13182:Battle of Cer
13180:
13178:
13175:
13173:
13170:
13169:
13167:
13163:
13157:
13154:
13152:
13149:
13147:
13144:
13140:
13137:
13136:
13135:
13132:
13131:
13129:
13125:
13118:
13115:
13112:
13109:
13106:
13103:
13100:
13099:Agadir Crisis
13097:
13094:
13091:
13088:
13085:
13082:
13079:
13076:
13073:
13070:
13067:
13066:
13064:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13051:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13002:
13000:
12998:
12994:
12988:
12987:United States
12985:
12981:
12978:
12977:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12950:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12927:
12924:
12923:
12922:
12919:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12909:
12905:
12904:French Empire
12902:
12901:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12892:
12890:
12887:
12885:
12882:
12880:
12877:
12876:
12874:
12872:
12868:
12865:
12857:
12847:
12846:Mediterranean
12844:
12840:
12837:
12836:
12835:
12832:
12831:
12829:
12827:
12826:Naval warfare
12823:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12799:
12795:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12765:
12763:
12761:
12757:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12728:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12717:
12715:
12713:
12709:
12703:
12702:Italian Front
12700:
12696:
12693:
12692:
12691:
12690:Eastern Front
12688:
12686:
12685:Western Front
12683:
12679:
12676:
12675:
12674:
12671:
12670:
12668:
12666:
12662:
12659:
12655:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12643:Puppet states
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12614:
12611:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12585:
12582:
12578:
12571:
12566:
12564:
12559:
12557:
12552:
12551:
12548:
12536:
12533:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12480:Fukoku kyōhei
12478:
12476:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12466:
12454:
12451:
12450:
12449:
12446:
12445:
12443:
12439:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12393:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12385:
12381:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12341:
12339:
12337:Puppet states
12335:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12308:
12307:
12302:
12299:
12298:
12296:
12292:
12289:
12285:
12275:
12272:
12269:
12265:
12261:
12258:
12256:
12253:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12243:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12172:
12170:
12168:
12164:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12111:
12108:
12107:
12106:
12103:
12102:
12100:
12098:
12094:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12019:
12016:
12012:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11996:Fleet Faction
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11976:General Staff
11974:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11963:
11957:
11954:
11952:
11949:
11947:
11944:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11916:General Staff
11914:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11903:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11870:
11869:military code
11868:
11864:
11863:
11862:
11861:
11857:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11844:
11843:
11840:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11829:
11826:
11822:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11801:
11800:
11799:Imperial Diet
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11789:Privy Council
11787:
11785:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11776:
11769:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11707:Home Ministry
11705:
11703:
11700:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11687:
11684:
11680:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11585:
11583:
11579:
11573:
11570:
11566:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11550:Imperial Seal
11548:
11547:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11535:Flag of Japan
11533:
11532:
11530:
11526:
11520:
11514:
11512:
11506:
11504:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11491:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11454:
11451:
11450:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11390:
11388:
11384:
11380:
11373:
11368:
11366:
11361:
11359:
11354:
11353:
11350:
11339:
11338:
11331:
11330:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11306:
11305:
11298:
11292:
11287:
11283:
11282:
11271:
11265:
11261:
11256:
11252:
11250:0-82641-521-0
11246:
11242:
11237:
11233:
11227:
11219:
11217:4-925080-28-8
11213:
11209:
11205:
11201:
11197:
11195:0-665-98994-6
11191:
11187:
11182:
11178:
11172:
11168:
11167:
11161:
11157:
11156:
11150:
11148:
11144:
11141:
11140:OCLC 46731178
11136:
11134:0-231-12341-8
11130:
11125:
11124:
11118:
11117:Keene, Donald
11114:
11110:
11108:0-5200-4557-2
11104:
11100:
11095:
11091:
11089:0-5214-8405-7
11085:
11081:
11077:
11073:
11071:
11067:
11064:
11063:OCLC 44090600
11059:
11057:0-674-00334-9
11053:
11048:
11047:
11041:
11037:
11033:
11031:0-521-22352-0
11027:
11023:
11019:
11014:
11010:
11004:
11001:. Routledge.
11000:
10995:
10991:
10985:
10977:
10971:
10967:
10962:
10958:
10956:4-309-76041-4
10952:
10948:
10944:
10943:
10939:
10932:図説 西郷隆盛と大久保利通
10928:
10924:
10918:
10914:
10910:
10906:
10902:
10898:
10896:9788776941833
10892:
10888:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10871:
10867:
10863:
10859:
10852:
10847:
10846:
10832:
10828:
10824:
10817:
10810:
10807:J. W. Dower,
10804:
10789:
10782:
10774:
10767:
10759:
10757:0-521-22352-0
10753:
10749:
10742:
10734:
10730:
10724:
10718:
10714:
10708:
10701:
10700:9780786418220
10697:
10691:
10683:
10679:
10673:
10665:
10661:
10655:
10647:
10643:
10637:
10635:
10626:
10622:
10615:
10608:
10603:
10597:, p. 81.
10596:
10591:
10583:
10576:
10568:
10564:
10560:
10556:
10552:
10548:
10544:
10537:
10529:
10527:9789004213203
10523:
10519:
10515:
10511:
10507:
10500:
10492:
10488:
10484:
10480:
10473:
10465:
10461:
10457:
10453:
10446:
10438:
10434:
10427:
10411:
10407:
10403:
10399:
10393:
10378:
10374:
10368:
10352:
10351:The Economist
10348:
10342:
10333:
10327:, p. 78.
10326:
10321:
10313:
10307:
10303:
10302:
10294:
10286:
10280:
10277:. Routledge.
10276:
10275:
10267:
10259:
10253:
10249:
10248:
10241:
10234:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10207:
10203:
10199:
10193:
10177:
10173:
10167:
10165:
10157:
10151:
10135:
10131:
10127:
10121:
10106:
10102:
10096:
10089:
10085:
10081:
10078:
10073:
10071:
10062:
10056:
10052:
10045:
10037:
10030:
10024:, p. 99.
10023:
10018:
10016:
10014:
10007:, p. 98.
10006:
10001:
9999:
9997:
9995:
9993:
9991:
9989:
9987:
9985:
9983:
9981:
9974:, p. 97.
9973:
9968:
9962:, p. 44.
9961:
9956:
9954:
9945:
9939:
9935:
9934:
9926:
9920:
9914:
9908:
9904:
9898:
9891:
9885:
9877:
9870:
9863:
9854:
9847:
9844:
9840:
9837:
9831:
9823:
9817:
9813:
9806:
9798:
9794:
9788:
9780:
9776:
9769:
9761:
9757:
9750:
9742:
9738:
9731:
9724:
9716:
9712:
9706:
9698:
9694:
9687:
9679:
9672:
9664:
9663:
9656:
9648:
9647:Lonely Planet
9644:
9638:
9630:
9626:
9620:
9612:
9608:
9601:
9593:
9589:
9583:
9576:
9572:
9566:
9562:
9561:
9553:
9547:
9542:
9526:
9520:
9514:
9509:
9502:
9498:
9495:
9490:
9482:
9475:
9467:
9461:
9454:
9449:
9442:
9437:
9435:
9427:
9422:
9416:, p. 42.
9415:
9414:Hagiwara 2004
9411:
9406:
9399:
9394:
9387:
9383:
9379:
9375:
9370:
9363:
9358:
9351:
9346:
9339:
9334:
9328:, p. 35.
9327:
9326:Hagiwara 2004
9322:
9315:
9310:
9304:, p. 34.
9303:
9302:Hagiwara 2004
9298:
9290:
9284:
9280:
9279:
9271:
9264:
9258:
9256:
9247:
9243:
9236:
9229:
9224:
9217:
9212:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9164:
9163:
9155:
9153:
9151:
9149:
9141:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9106:
9102:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9085:
9077:
9070:
9055:
9053:9780521785037
9049:
9045:
9044:
9036:
9029:
9024:
9013:September 30,
9009:
9005:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8983:
8978:
8976:
8968:
8963:
8955:
8954:
8946:
8938:
8932:
8928:
8921:
8913:
8911:9781884964046
8907:
8903:
8899:
8892:
8876:
8872:
8866:
8851:
8845:
8841:
8822:
8816:
8802:
8788:
8780:
8776:
8770:
8763:
8757:
8748:
8743:
8736:
8731:
8730:Marius Jansen
8727:
8721:
8712:
8708:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8644:
8640:
8634:
8629:
8626:
8615:
8601:
8596:
8589:
8584:
8577:
8572:
8565:
8560:
8559:
8547:
8543:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8518:Emperor Kōmei
8515:
8514:Sachi-no-miya
8511:
8507:
8503:
8499:
8495:
8491:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8476:
8464:Michi-no-miya
8463:
8451:
8448:
8435:
8430:
8427:
8414:
8402:
8399:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8364:Sachi-no-miya
8363:
8351:
8348:
8335:
8330:
8327:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8296:Kuril Islands
8293:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8246:
8242:
8241:Kuniaki Koiso
8238:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8224:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8154:
8150:
8149:fall of Paris
8146:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8131:
8127:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8102:
8098:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8072:
8068:
8064:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8038:
8037:Keisuke Okada
8034:
8031:
8029:(December 7).
8028:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7975:
7972:
7971:Emperor Shōwa
7968:
7965:
7964:Tanaka Giichi
7961:
7958:
7954:
7953:
7943:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7898:Yoshiro Okabe
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7888:Yuzuru Hiraga
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7873:Kinjiro Okabe
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7828:Kikutaro Baba
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7813:Jisaburo Ohwi
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7803:Shigeo Shingo
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7743:Hideki Yukawa
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7683:Hideo Itokawa
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7544:
7543:Keiichi Aichi
7541:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7513:
7510:
7507:
7504:
7501:
7500:Shinzo Shinjo
7498:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7465:Shin Hirayama
7463:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7441:Kikunae Ikeda
7439:
7436:
7433:
7430:
7429:Sekiya Seikei
7427:
7424:
7421:
7418:
7415:
7414:
7403:
7402:Sōichi Kakeya
7399:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7386:
7383:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7373:Yoshio Mikami
7371:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7359:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7328:Hōjō Tokiyuki
7326:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7277:Kinjiro Okabe
7274:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7254:Yasujiro Niwa
7251:
7247:
7244:
7243:Michio Suzuki
7241:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7147:Hirai Seijirō
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7108:Ōshima Takatō
7106:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7028:Kanesuke Hara
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6998:Kyusaku Ogino
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6980:Ichiro Miyake
6978:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6884:
6883:Kiyoshi Shiga
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6774:Tanaka Yoshio
6772:
6769:
6768:Nagayo Sensai
6766:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6706:Kōsaku Hamada
6704:
6701:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6689:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6612:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6593:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6573:
6568:
6558:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6534:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6515:
6510:
6509:
6489:
6480:
6476:
6473:This section
6471:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6443:
6434:
6430:
6427:This section
6425:
6422:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6399:
6392:
6389:and southern
6388:
6383:
6373:
6364:
6360:
6357:This section
6355:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6330:
6327:
6324:Rear Admiral
6323:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6300:(1884–1943),
6299:
6295:
6292:
6291:Mineichi Koga
6288:
6287:
6278:
6275:Vice Admiral
6274:
6271:
6268:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6250:Inoue Yoshika
6248:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6225:
6222:(1847–1934),
6221:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6148:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6107:Nogi Maresuke
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6075:Field Marshal
6073:
6072:
6061:
6059:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6043:Yoshika Inoue
6040:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6003:World War II
5999:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5968:United States
5965:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5930:Komura Jutarō
5927:
5926:
5925:
5924:Early period
5907:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5883:
5878:
5874:
5867:
5862:
5859:
5852:
5847:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5759:
5748:
5743:
5741:
5740:John W. Dower
5735:
5730:
5728:
5723:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5696:Matsumae clan
5693:
5689:
5688:Kuril Islands
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5641:
5633:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5373:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5328:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5050:
5049:Tsuda Sōkichi
5046:
5045:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4895:Georgy Zhukov
4892:
4888:
4887:Joseph Stalin
4884:
4883:Kwantung Army
4880:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:North America
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4734:head of state
4731:
4727:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4654:
4650:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4574:
4569:
4560:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4514:Roger Griffin
4511:
4507:
4506:German Empire
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:Emperor Shōwa
4475:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4360:Fleet Faction
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4263:
4260:
4252:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4226:This section
4224:
4220:
4215:
4214:
4205:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4185:This section
4183:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4167:
4166:Emperor Shōwa
4163:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4131:
4127:
4126:True Seiyūkai
4118:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3829:
3828:Taishō period
3821:
3817:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3771:
3765:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3695:Korean Empire
3691:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3588:
3585:February 2018
3579:
3575:
3572:This section
3570:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3546:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3410:Komura Jutaro
3406:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3268:were formed.
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3190:Imperial Diet
3188:In 1890, the
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3109:republicanism
3106:
3102:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3004:) hairstyle.
3002:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:New Testament
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:Saburō Ienaga
2684:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:Kuril islands
2661:
2657:
2652:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:Meiji leaders
2613:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2590:Emperor Meiji
2587:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:Emperor Kōmei
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:United States
2275:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2224:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2196:Shōwa's reign
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:United States
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:Fascist Italy
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:fukoku kyōhei
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1909:Official Term
1907:
1902:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1798:Japanese name
1796:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
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18624:
18543:West Sumatra
18361:World War II
18356:
18288:
18237:
18181:
18161:Kankyōnan-dō
18151:Heianhoku-dō
18146:Heian'nan-dō
18141:Keishōnan-dō
18126:Zenrahoku-dō
18121:Chūseinan-dō
18098:
18027:
18011:
17961:Bibliography
17944:
17757:Project Hula
17722:Vistula–Oder
17691:
17624:
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16852:
16797:North Africa
16499:Soviet Union
16453:Soviet Union
16379:Soviet Union
16147:Vatican City
16050:Vichy France
16006:
15955:German Reich
15852:Soviet Union
15838:South Africa
15831:Sierra Leone
15784:Newfoundland
15603:Participants
15586:Marocchinate
15290:
15281:
15251:
15129:North Africa
15090:Indian Ocean
14949:Nazi plunder
14840:Cryptography
14713:World War II
14651:
14644:
14632:
14239: /
14171:
14006:Conscription
13970:Cryptography
13907:Iraqi Revolt
13341:Siege of Kut
13284:
12925:
12862:participants
12811:German Samoa
12745:South Arabia
12468:Other topics
12304:
12142:Taishō Roman
11896:Conscription
11866:
11858:
11833:Armed Forces
11693:(ministries)
11593:Charter Oath
11588:Constitution
11470:State Shinto
11453:Essentialism
11403:Demographics
11378:
11335:
11333:1945–present
11327:
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11079:
11045:
11021:
10998:
10968:. New York.
10965:
10935:
10908:
10886:
10861:
10857:
10842:Bibliography
10826:
10816:
10808:
10803:
10791:. Retrieved
10781:
10772:
10766:
10747:
10741:
10733:the original
10723:
10707:
10690:
10681:
10672:
10663:
10654:
10645:
10614:
10607:Morison 2010
10602:
10595:Morison 2010
10590:
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10536:
10509:
10499:
10482:
10478:
10472:
10455:
10451:
10445:
10436:
10426:
10414:. Retrieved
10410:the original
10401:
10392:
10380:. Retrieved
10367:
10357:November 26,
10355:. Retrieved
10350:
10341:
10332:
10320:
10300:
10293:
10273:
10266:
10246:
10240:
10230:
10222:
10210:. Retrieved
10206:the original
10201:
10192:
10180:. Retrieved
10176:the original
10155:
10150:
10138:. Retrieved
10134:the original
10130:Tsuruga city
10120:
10108:. Retrieved
10095:
10087:
10050:
10044:
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9967:
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9787:
9778:
9768:
9759:
9749:
9740:
9736:
9728:Park, T. L.
9723:
9714:
9705:
9697:RocketNews24
9696:
9686:
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9646:
9637:
9628:
9619:
9610:
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9591:
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9574:
9559:
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9545:
9541:
9529:. Retrieved
9519:
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9369:
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9245:
9235:
9228:Tsutsui 2009
9223:
9216:Tsutsui 2009
9211:
9166:
9160:
9139:
9132:. Retrieved
9088:
9082:
9069:
9057:. Retrieved
9042:
9035:
9023:
9011:. Retrieved
8962:
8952:
8945:
8926:
8920:
8901:
8891:
8879:. Retrieved
8875:the original
8865:
8853:. Retrieved
8844:
8820:
8815:
8801:
8787:
8769:
8742:
8720:
8711:
8625:Japan portal
8545:
8537:
8529:
8521:
8513:
8509:
8501:
8485:
8415:Haru-no-miya
8379:(1890–1912)
8264:atomic bombs
8130:Abe Nobuyuki
8128:(March 30).
8110:(March 24).
8023:Saitō Makoto
7868:Shintaro Uda
7733:Kiyoo Wadati
7658:Seiji Naruse
7636:20th century
7617:Okuro Oikawa
7554:Jun Ishiwara
7488:Kotaro Honda
7379:Teiji Takagi
7346:Nitobe Inazō
7283:Toshiwo Doko
7207:Ryōichi Yazu
7186:Kijirō Nambu
7141:Furuichi Kōi
6906:Bunzō Hayata
6900:Sunao Tawara
6762:Kusumoto Ine
6625:Fields Medal
6617:Teiji Takagi
6598:Kiyoo Wadati
6556:
6546:
6543:dictionaries
6503:19th century
6483:
6479:adding to it
6474:
6437:
6433:adding to it
6428:
6367:
6363:adding to it
6358:
6336:Demographics
6312:Osami Nagano
6284:World War II
6233:Itō Sukeyuki
6201:Early period
6154:World War II
6069:Early period
6055:
6039:Oku Yasukata
6013:Nazi Germany
6002:
5923:
5858:Itō Hirobumi
5822:
5818:Katsura Tarō
5812:Itō Hirobumi
5778:
5766:
5745:
5737:
5732:
5724:
5712:
5704:Soviet Union
5684:peace treaty
5657:
5637:
5600:Gyokuon-hōsō
5598:
5572:
5564:Iron Curtain
5540:
5473:
5458:
5418:, landed on
5396:
5377:
5372:Pearl Harbor
5368:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5333:
5314:, including
5308:Dutch forces
5302:of the late
5284:Central Java
5232:
5228:
5221:
5217:
5181:
5156:
5136:Adolf Hitler
5116:
5112:
5085:ruling class
5075:Takamagahara
5042:
5022:
5019:
5015:Soviet Union
4992:
4986:(modern-day
4960:
4945:
4941:Nazi Germany
4876:
4867:
4865:
4854:
4831:Wang Jingwei
4808:united front
4797:
4788:Zhengyangmen
4710:puppet state
4695:
4638:World War II
4618:
4611:
4603:
4580:
4578:
4575:, March 1927
4553:
4537:Neoclassical
4532:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4486:
4481:
4471:
4466:Nambu pistol
4463:
4456:
4444:expansionism
4437:
4415:
4401:
4309:
4276:
4255:
4246:
4235:Please help
4230:verification
4227:
4199:
4195:adding to it
4186:
4151:
4138:
4125:
4116:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4070:
4063:
4038:
4014:
4004:and eastern
3995:
3990:
3979:
3961:
3900:
3856:
3805:World War II
3796:
3763:
3745:
3727:
3715:
3703:protectorate
3698:
3692:
3677:
3673:puppet state
3665:
3607:
3595:
3582:
3578:adding to it
3573:
3527:
3518:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3458:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3429:
3390:Jiaozhou Bay
3355:
3351:Royal Palace
3335:
3308:
3284:
3282:
3270:
3247:
3229:
3223:
3213:
3187:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3098:
3068:
3061:
3042:
3025:
3019:lèse majesté
3017:
3014:State Shinto
3006:
2990:
2986:Shōwa period
2970:Presbyterian
2964:
2888:
2868:
2851:syncreticism
2847:Meiji period
2844:
2833:
2828:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2790:
2780:
2746:
2734:
2722:Leaving Asia
2711:
2691:Confucianism
2679:constitution
2672:
2648:
2640:Itō Hirobumi
2612:Charter Oath
2609:
2598:Meiji period
2560:
2550:
2543:Boshin Sensō
2531:
2524:
2518:
2484:
2479:
2465:
2457:
2444:
2394:
2387:
2373:
2350:
2349:, under the
2344:
2342:
2315:
2313:
2288:
2286:
2276:between the
2267:
2244:
2235:"Japanese",
2207:
2205:
2181:
2149:Soviet Union
2121:Midway Atoll
2106:
2102:dictatorship
2094:Asia-Pacific
2086:Nazi Germany
2033:
2026:
2023:
2003:World War II
1996:
1991:such as the
1949:nation-state
1944:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1891:
1887:
1881:Romanization
1672:Christianity
1643:
1568:
1534:Lost Decades
1525:
1462:World War II
1403:
1371:
1288:
1223:
1198:Nanban trade
1189:
1161:
1123:
1090:
1076:
1062:
1048:
1034:
1021:
1009:
953:
946:
862:Succeeded by
861:
856:
833:Japanese yen
813:• 1940
803:• 1920
728:World War II
655:25 July 1894
562:(since 1889)
523:Itō Hirobumi
437:(1889–1947)
426:
415:(1868–1889)
389:State Shinto
382:
371:
305:Largest city
192:
152:
143:
130:
121:Motto:
120:
70:
65:
45:
38:
26:
19137:Axis powers
19031: /
19019:139°45′10″E
18999:Pacific War
18528:Netherlands
18478:Wake Island
18473:Philippines
18131:Zenranan-dō
18032:after 1943)
17692:Bodenplatte
17578:Gothic Line
16804:West Africa
16351:Philippines
16330:Netherlands
16195:Czech lands
16133:Switzerland
16077:Afghanistan
16021:Philippines
15889:Puerto Rico
15805:Philippines
15791:New Zealand
15777:Netherlands
15730:Free France
15481:Prosecution
15282:Osoaviakhim
15152:West Africa
15136:East Africa
14783:Conferences
14269:Netherlands
14246:Switzerland
14127:Occupations
14118:Spanish flu
13895:(1919–1922)
13889:(1918–1921)
13883:(1918–1923)
13872:(1919–1921)
13866:(1919–1921)
13860:(1919–1920)
13836:(1918–1920)
13830:(1918–1920)
13824:(1918–1920)
13806:(1918–1920)
13788:(1918–1920)
13782:(1917–1921)
13776:(1917–1921)
13723:(1916-1918)
13721:Arab Revolt
13712:(1915–1917)
13706:(1915–1917)
13694:(1914-1917)
13688:(1914–1917)
13682:(1914–1921)
13676:(1913–1920)
13664:(1910–1920)
13658:(1900–1920)
13156:July Crisis
13077:(1880–1914)
12740:Mesopotamia
12618:Home fronts
12577:World War I
12510:Shōwa Modan
12485:Hakkō ichiu
12422:Philippines
12309:after 1943)
12287:Territories
12245:Pacific War
12105:World War I
11981:Air Service
11921:Air Service
11794:Gozen Kaigi
11510:(Yoshihito)
11502:(Mutsuhito)
11448:Nationalism
11393:Agriculture
10864:: 107–134.
10793:February 1,
10512:: 291–307.
10227:Herbert Bix
10212:October 10,
10182:October 10,
9643:"Himeji-jō"
9629:Japan Guide
9441:Jansen 2002
9382:Satow (1921
9362:Jansen 2002
9314:Jansen 2002
9028:Jansen 2002
8982:Hunter 1984
8967:Jansen 2002
8881:January 29,
8855:January 29,
8322:Given name
8160:Hideki Tojo
8052:Kōki Hirota
8015:Henry Pu Yi
7883:Issaku Koga
7843:Katsuma Dan
7823:Sanshi Imai
7818:Yo Takenaka
7778:Kôdi Husimi
7713:Jiro Tanaka
7630:(1899–1929)
7619:(1896–1970)
7613:(1895–1987)
7602:(1895–1964)
7596:(1893–1975)
7585:(1890–1951)
7579:(1887–1978)
7577:Akira Ogata
7573:(1885–1982)
7567:(1881–1975)
7556:(1881–1947)
7545:(1880–1923)
7539:(1878–1952)
7533:(1878–1935)
7514:(1874–1943)
7508:(1874–1943)
7502:(1873–1938)
7496:(1872–1947)
7490:(1870–1954)
7484:(1870–1948)
7478:(1870–1943)
7467:(1868–1945)
7461:(1868–1923)
7455:(1865–1950)
7449:(1865–1930)
7443:(1864–1936)
7437:(1856–1952)
7431:(1855–1896)
7425:(1854–1931)
7419:(1854–1922)
7404:(1886–1947)
7393:(1883–1966)
7387:(1881–1946)
7381:(1875–1960)
7375:(1875–1950)
7369:(1873–1935)
7360:(1867–1935)
7354:(1866–1965)
7348:(1862–1933)
7342:(1863–1932)
7336:(1861–1933)
7330:(1858–1929)
7324:(1855–1917)
7318:(1829–1897)
7316:Nishi Amane
7312:(1828–1902)
7306:(1799–1881)
7304:Inoue Enryō
7291:(1899–1990)
7285:(1896–1988)
7279:(1896–1984)
7268:(1894–1989)
7262:(1893–1980)
7256:(1893–1975)
7245:(1887–1982)
7239:(1886–1976)
7233:(1884–1949)
7227:(1882–1936)
7221:(1881–1942)
7215:(1880–1967)
7209:(1878–1908)
7200:(1875–1952)
7194:(1874–1951)
7188:(1869–1949)
7182:(1867–1930)
7176:(1866–1936)
7170:(1861–1937)
7161:(1858–1954)
7155:(1858–1932)
7149:(1856–1926)
7143:(1854–1934)
7137:(1852–1915)
7131:(1852–1905)
7125:(1848–1938)
7116:(1837–1917)
7110:(1826–1901)
7104:(1799–1881)
7089:(1899–1993)
7083:(1899–1982)
7077:(1897–1994)
7071:(1894–1976)
7065:(1893–1986)
7054:(1892–1981)
7048:(1892–1976)
7042:(1888–1969)
7036:(1885–1976)
7030:(1885–1962)
7024:(1884–1962)
7022:Tamezo Mori
7018:(1884–1939)
7012:(1883–1956)
7006:(1883–1953)
7000:(1882–1975)
6994:(1882–1952)
6988:(1882–1945)
6982:(1881–1964)
6976:(1881–1934)
6970:(1880–1971)
6964:(1880–1946)
6953:(1878–1966)
6942:(1878–1956)
6936:(1876–1928)
6925:(1876–1964)
6919:(1874–1950)
6908:(1874–1934)
6902:(1873–1952)
6891:(1871–1956)
6885:(1871–1957)
6879:(1869–1937)
6873:(1868–1947)
6867:(1867–1929)
6861:(1867–1946)
6847:(1863–1930)
6841:(1862–1957)
6835:(1861–1935)
6829:(1859–1925)
6823:(1859–1917)
6814:(1856–1928)
6808:(1856–1925)
6797:(1853–1931)
6791:(1849–1920)
6782:(1844–1929)
6776:(1838–1916)
6770:(1838–1902)
6764:(1827–1903)
6758:(1803–1901)
6756:Keisuke Ito
6743:(1890–1964)
6737:(1887–1953)
6731:(1886–1915)
6725:(1883–1982)
6719:(1882–1971)
6708:(1881–1938)
6702:(1877–1964)
6696:(1877–1926)
6690:(1875–1962)
6684:(1873–1949)
6675:(1870–1953)
6673:Torii Ryūzō
6669:(1867–1925)
6663:(1866–1934)
6657:(1859–1944)
6651:(1851–1921)
6645:(1847–1928)
6579:Keisuke Ito
6331:(1878–1944)
6314:(1880–1947)
6293:(1885–1944)
6269:(1861–1923)
6262:(1852–1921)
6252:(1845–1929)
6242:(1836–1904)
6235:(1843–1914)
6212:(1867–1922)
6182:Hideki Tōjō
6141:World War I
5839:Hideki Tojo
5834:Kōki Hirota
5795:HIH Prince
5789:HIH Prince
5783:HIH Prince
5698:during the
5692:Ainu people
5410:Japan. The
5403:Guadalcanal
5316:Guadalcanal
5188:Philippines
5101:Pacific War
5036:, the firm
5029:Hakkō ichiu
5011:Axis Powers
4923:Axis powers
4702:Han Chinese
4688:during the
4630:Hakkō ichiu
4403:Sadao Araki
4324:Kokuryu-kai
3989:settle the
3941:during the
3939:Vladivostok
3859:World War I
3833:World War I
3382:Port Arthur
3323:Qing Empire
3321:of China's
3262:wage labour
3260:workers to
2956:Ōura Church
2944:during the
2840:untouchable
2741:Axis powers
2726:world power
2429:Shimonoseki
2309:great power
2269:Kaiserreich
2243:"Empire").
2202:Terminology
2151:, with the
2125:Guadalcanal
2117:Pacific War
2078:nationalism
2066:World War I
1989:Concessions
1624:Earthquakes
1472:Pacific War
1380:World War I
1011:Paleolithic
857:Preceded by
817:105,200,000
707:7 July 1937
676:World War I
594:(from 1890)
586:Lower house
578:(1889–1947)
570:Upper house
557:(1871–1889)
545:Legislature
444:(1945–1947)
423:(1868–1885)
297:(1943–1947)
291:(1869–1943)
285:(1868–1869)
271:(1945–1947)
266:(1868−1945)
148:(1869–1945)
124:(1868–1912)
19046:Categories
19016:35°40′57″N
18538:New Guinea
18416:New Guinea
17792:West Hunan
17625:Pointblank
16961:Silver Fox
16947:Summer War
16700:Winter War
16679:Phoney War
16460:Azerbaijan
16421:Yugoslavia
16316:Luxembourg
16158:Resistance
15898:Yugoslavia
15763:Luxembourg
15565:Sook Ching
15361:War crimes
14963:Technology
14956:Opposition
14898:Lend-Lease
14875:Australian
14868:Home front
14826:Blitzkrieg
14776:Casualties
14767:Commanders
14739:Operations
14486:Agreements
14286:War crimes
14162:Luxembourg
14055:Casualties
12933:Montenegro
12768:South West
12648:Technology
12638:Propaganda
12628:Opposition
12274:Occupation
12097:Taishō era
12042:Boshin War
11886:War crimes
11682:Government
11658:Tonarigumi
11565:Privy Seal
11560:State Seal
11518:(Hirohito)
11443:Militarism
11398:Censorship
11322:1868−1947
11304:Edo period
11210:. London.
11188:. Oxford.
11147:Archive-It
10821:Klemen L.
10619:Klemen L.
10416:October 2,
10382:October 2,
10140:October 3,
10110:October 3,
9743:: 491–502.
9531:August 25,
9453:Keene 2002
9426:Keene 2002
9410:Keene 2002
9398:Satow 1921
9378:Satow 1921
9374:Keene 2002
9350:Keene 2002
9338:Satow 1921
9059:October 2,
8831:References
8301:1947: The
8278:, Chinese
8060:reoccupies
7994:after the
7763:Kiyosi Itô
7673:Kiro Honjo
7153:Dan Takuma
7129:Sasō Sachū
7114:Yamao Yōzō
6968:Kono Yasui
6667:Inō Kanori
6260:Ijuin Gorō
6086:Ōyama Iwao
6051:Iwao Ōyama
5974:Aoki Shūzō
5727:Korean War
5700:Edo Period
5585:after the
5502:by having
5407:New Guinea
5341:Enterprise
5322:Tide turns
5200:Australian
4804:Mao Zedong
4587:Mitsubishi
4440:militarism
4340:Kokuhonsha
4328:Tonarigumi
4304:See also:
4249:March 2024
4202:April 2021
4084:Katō Komei
3967:government
3851:See also:
3746:Ilje sidae
3619:Suez Canal
3513:Aoki Shūzō
3500:Dagu forts
3488:Rikusentai
3448:rikusentai
3437:rikusentai
3331:suzerainty
3053:15 shrines
2974:missionary
2922:Irmologion
2771:See also:
2735:As writer
2504:Boshin War
2498:Boshin War
2492:Edo Castle
2486:series of
2417:Royal Navy
2384:xenophobic
2357:Edo period
2333:Background
2074:militarism
2038:Boshin War
1826:ダイニッポンテイコク
1810:だいにっぽんていこく
1544:Cool Japan
1412:Militarism
1274:Boshin War
1227:(Tokugawa)
1109:Genpei War
838:Korean yen
807:77,700,000
792:Population
759:3 May 1947
404:Government
289:Tokyo City
18648:Manchukuo
18573:Manchukuo
18566:1931–1945
18499:Mengkiang
18426:Singapore
18392:Hong Kong
18282:Kantō-shū
17857:Manchuria
17743:Indochina
17519:Bagration
16970:Lithuania
16615:Anschluss
16412:Viet Minh
16309:Lithuania
16251:Hong Kong
16014:Manchukuo
15969:Azad Hind
15628:Australia
15428:Aftermath
15291:Paperclip
15186:Aftermath
14986:Total war
14854:Diplomacy
14817:In Europe
14383:Diplomacy
14090:Olympians
14013:Australia
13980:Logistics
13913:Vlora War
13842:(1918–19)
13818:(1918–19)
13812:(1918–19)
13800:(1918–19)
13747:(1916–17)
13729:(1916–17)
13680:Zaian War
13670:(1914–15)
13397:first day
13285:Lusitania
13113:(1912–13)
13107:(1911–12)
13095:(1908–09)
13089:(1905–06)
13071:(1870–71)
12860:Principal
12720:Gallipoli
12623:Memorials
12608:Geography
12598:Aftermath
12475:Sonnō jōi
12427:Singapore
12412:Hong Kong
12374:Azad Hind
12349:Mengjiang
12344:Manchukuo
12318:Kantō-shū
12260:Surrender
12167:Shōwa era
12152:Truku War
12023:Meiji era
11991:Tokkeitai
11956:Kempeitai
11867:Senjinkun
11784:Daijō-kan
11747:Munitions
11628:Mokusatsu
11418:Education
11341:1945–1952
11308:1603−1868
11226:cite book
10984:cite book
10878:158403519
10559:0027-0741
10437:Old Tokyo
10398:"猶太人対策要綱"
10325:Nish 2002
10022:Drea 2009
10005:Drea 2009
9972:Drea 2009
9611:GaijinPot
9203:144547927
9187:0002-7162
9121:146284542
9105:0010-4175
8836:Citations
8522:Mutsuhito
8401:Yoshihito
8377:1868–1912
8350:Mutsuhito
8331:Era name
8280:Mengjiang
8276:Manchukuo
8268:Hiroshima
8067:Mengjiang
8011:Manchukuo
7863:Isao Imai
7663:Takeo Doi
6557:Daigenkai
6452:Education
5992:Viscount
5982:Viscount
5972:Viscount
5928:Marquess
5920:Diplomats
5763:Political
5655:country.
5649:Article 9
5575:mokusatsu
5528:Hiroshima
5434:Surrender
5414:, led by
5339:USS
5332:USS
5268:surrender
5260:Singapore
5212:Singapore
5172:Singapore
5071:historian
4988:Indonesia
4762:Australia
4746:Mengjiang
4714:Manchukuo
4658:Manchuria
4352:Keishichō
4320:Kempeitai
4290:Amaterasu
4286:Shōwa era
4273:Shōwa era
4108:Kenseikai
3964:Bolshevik
3780:日本統治時代の朝鮮
3764:Wae jeong
3652:in 1910.
3534:Manchuria
3490:from the
3450:from the
3408:Marquess
3124:shogunate
3105:democracy
2972:minister
2860:shamanism
2829:burakumin
2821:abattoirs
2817:burakumin
2802:burakumin
2800:) giving
2773:Burakumin
2730:East Asia
2421:Kagoshima
2389:sonnō jōi
2369:Bakumatsu
2339:Bakumatsu
2227:"Great",
2044:from the
1854:Shinjitai
1828:ダイニホンテイコク
1812:だいにほんていこく
1663:Religion
1654:Geography
1639:Education
1634:Era names
1264:Bakumatsu
1203:Imjin War
1163:Muromachi
1142:Genkō War
1132:Jōkyū War
420:Daijō-kan
365:Religion
81:1868–1947
18550:Portugal
18511:Cambodia
18307:Furanten
18239:Governor
18156:Kōkai-dō
18111:Kōgen-dō
18106:Keiki-dō
18024:Karafuto
17968:Category
17917:document
17827:document
17684:Ardennes
17668:Budapest
17616:Crossbow
17494:Overlord
17333:Smolensk
16551:Timeline
16386:Slovakia
16372:Thailand
16223:Ethiopia
16188:Bulgaria
16112:Portugal
16043:Thailand
15925:Bulgaria
15703:Eswatini
15696:Ethiopia
15649:Bulgaria
15474:Unit 731
15435:Response
15252:Keelhaul
15202:Cold War
15175:Americas
15166:timeline
15159:Atlantic
15039:Theaters
14671:Category
14258:Refugees
14224:Italians
14213:Germans
14173:Ober Ost
13953:Aviation
13054:Timeline
13025:Bulgaria
12806:Tsingtao
12783:Togoland
12730:Caucasus
12665:European
12657:Theatres
12453:Yen bloc
12441:Ideology
12432:Thailand
12301:Karafuto
12294:Colonies
11881:Kamikaze
11824:Military
11727:Treasury
11581:Policies
11572:Kimigayo
11493:Emperors
11460:Politics
11428:Eugenics
11386:Overview
11206:(1921).
11143:Archived
11119:(2002).
11078:(1995).
11066:Archived
11042:(2002).
10907:(2009).
10831:Archived
10625:Archived
10080:Archived
9960:Ion 2014
9839:Archived
9497:Archived
9125:Archived
9113:43908281
9091:(1): 8.
8779:Tokugawa
8747:Japanese
8611:See also
8477:1926–89
8450:Hirohito
8428:1912–26
8310:Emperors
8294:and the
8272:Nagasaki
8207:Filipino
8174:in 1941.
8063:Tsingtao
7648:Yoji Ito
6604:in 1932.
6526:in 1912.
6486:May 2021
6440:May 2021
6326:Viscount
6317:Admiral
6247:Viscount
6217:Marquess
6187:General
6180:General
6173:General
6019:Military
5936:and the
5706:and now
5668:Hokkaido
5653:pacifist
5568:Cold War
5532:Nagasaki
5334:Yorktown
5276:Malaysia
5220:and HMS
5131:Honolulu
5062:kokugaku
5007:alliance
4982:and the
4889:ordered
4682:Shenyang
4595:Sumitomo
4582:zaibatsu
4278:Hirohito
4147:Seiyūkai
4077:massacre
4017:Red Army
3890:and the
3876:Caroline
3872:Marianas
3699:de facto
3638:Sakhalin
3505:Boer War
3456:and the
3231:zaibatsu
3196:and the
3001:chonmage
2960:Nagasaki
2926:Japanese
2898:Hakodate
2855:Buddhism
2825:butchers
2806:Kaihōrei
2777:Turanism
2743:period:
2703:top knot
2701:and the
2567:Hokkaidō
2155:and the
2137:Iwo Jima
2115:and the
1977:Karafuto
1836:Kyūjitai
1820:Katakana
1804:Hiragana
1748:Timeline
1738:Glossary
1709:Post-war
1704:Politics
1694:Military
1667:Buddhism
1619:Currency
1125:Kamakura
970:a series
968:Part of
826:Currency
384:De facto
346:Mandarin
326:Japanese
230:Mandates
226:Karafuto
194:de facto
154:Kimigayo
18627:during
18521:Vietnam
18359:during
18355:by the
18311:Hishika
18271:|
18267:|
18263:|
18259:|
18255:|
18081:|
18077:|
18073:|
18069:|
18065:|
18061:|
18057:|
18053:|
18049:|
17894:Shumshu
17661:Hungary
17608:Estonia
17592:Lapland
17570:Dragoon
17503:Neptune
17485:Ichi-Go
17451:Tempest
17393:Changde
17348:Cottage
17240:Jubilee
16956:Finland
16854:Compass
16560:Prelude
16513:Finland
16399:Vietnam
16365:Romania
16237:Germany
16216:Estonia
16202:Denmark
16181:Belgium
16174:Austria
16167:Albania
16098:Ireland
16084:Andorra
16068:Neutral
16028:Romania
15962:Hungary
15947:Finland
15819:Romania
15711:Finland
15689:Denmark
15635:Belgium
15621:Algeria
15327:Romania
15313:Hungary
15069:Pacific
14793:General
14747:Leaders
14732:Battles
14725:Outline
14409:Germany
14309:Germany
14237:Germany
14157:Belgium
14142:Albania
14101:Disease
14081:Sports
14033:Ireland
13946:Warfare
13939:Aspects
13134:Origins
13127:Prelude
13030:Senussi
13010:Germany
13005:Leaders
12943:Romania
12884:Belgium
12879:Leaders
12778:Kamerun
12760:African
12695:Romania
12673:Balkans
12588:Outline
12014:History
11986:Marines
11623:Kokutai
11528:Symbols
11508:Taishō
11465:Statism
11408:Economy
10567:3096753
10464:3035405
9905:(1902)
9386:daimyōs
9195:1025496
9134:July 7,
8898:"Kyoto"
8556:Emblems
8431:Taishō
8097:Nanjing
6406:Economy
6139:during
6077:Prince
5856:Prince
5827:Prince
5816:Prince
5810:Prince
5804:Prince
5676:Shikoku
5670:,
5666:,
5541:At the
5312:Pacific
5296:Sumatra
5222:Repulse
5123:neutral
5067:Susanoo
4999:Germany
4812:Nanjing
4784:Beijing
4750:Chinese
4718:Chinese
4712:called
4698:Manchus
4523:(帝冠様式,
4497:fascism
4417:bushido
4408:Tōseiha
4006:Siberia
3935:Siberia
3905:to the
3797:de jure
3711:annexed
3472:Tianjin
3346:Incheon
3228:into a
3138:de jure
3055:of the
2924:) into
2875:隠れキリシタン
2834:In the
2823:and as
2683:Prussia
2551:daimyōs
2525:Kōtetsu
2413:Satsuma
2409:samurai
2371:began.
2355:of the
2352:shōguns
2328:History
2322:exonyms
2305:Western
2293:Satsuma
2245:Teikoku
2239:Teikoku
2082:statism
2042:Emperor
2017:of the
1998:de jure
1743:History
1682:Judaism
1629:Economy
1000:Periods
752:•
739:•
726:•
713:•
700:•
687:•
674:•
661:•
648:•
635:•
622:•
584:•
568:•
450:Emperor
428:Unitary
409:Unitary
373:De jure
341:Hokkien
276:Capital
144:Anthem:
127:五箇条の御誓文
18790:
18506:France
18406:Malaya
18303:Kinshū
18299:Ryojun
18295:Dairen
18232:Nan'yō
18176:Taiwan
18029:naichi
18012:gaichi
17871:Debate
17843:Taipei
17836:Borneo
17414:Tarawa
16608:Europe
16569:Africa
16358:Poland
16344:Norway
16323:Malaya
16302:Latvia
16244:Greece
16230:France
16126:Sweden
16091:Bhutan
15812:Poland
15798:Norway
15770:Mexico
15737:Greece
15723:France
15661:Canada
15642:Brazil
15612:Allies
15558:Serbia
15547:Poland
15320:Poland
15306:Baltic
15099:Europe
14801:Topics
14753:Allied
14429:Russia
14404:France
14232:Canada
14147:Serbia
14018:Canada
13975:Horses
13927:(1921)
13921:(1920)
13915:(1920)
13909:(1920)
13901:(1920)
13854:(1919)
13848:(1919)
13794:(1918)
13759:(1918)
13753:(1917)
13741:(1916)
13735:(1916)
13700:(1915)
13119:(1913)
13101:(1911)
13083:(1905)
13040:Darfur
12965:Serbia
12948:Russia
12911:Greece
12899:France
12889:Brazil
12735:Persia
12678:Serbia
12417:Malaya
12392:Borneo
12328:Taiwan
12323:Nan'yō
12313:Chōsen
12306:naichi
11516:Shōwa
11500:Meiji
11475:Kazoku
11423:System
11266:
11247:
11214:
11192:
11173:
11131:
11105:
11086:
11054:
11028:
11005:
10972:
10953:
10919:
10893:
10876:
10754:
10715:
10698:
10565:
10557:
10524:
10462:
10308:
10281:
10254:
10057:
9940:
9919:online
9907:online
9818:
9567:
9285:
9201:
9193:
9185:
9173:: 65.
9119:
9111:
9103:
9050:
8933:
8908:
8726:Shinto
8480:Shōwa
8387:Taisho
8382:Meiji
8177:1942:
8135:1940:
8120:1939:
8112:Canton
8106:1938:
8094:occupy
8076:1937:
8035:1934:
7976:1929:
7969:1928:
7962:1927:
7955:1926:
6577:Baron
6547:Genkai
6393:(1920)
6007:Baron
5962:Count
5952:Count
5942:Count
5708:Russia
5674:, and
5672:Kyushu
5664:Honshu
5577:) the
5510:. The
5488:Saipan
5459:Haruna
5446:, and
5298:, and
5288:Malang
5280:Borneo
5196:Malaya
5152:Allies
5080:Kojiki
5055:Kojiki
4937:Berlin
4891:Stavka
4849:, and
4752::
4720::
4692:, 1931
4670:, and
4636:, and
4599:Yasuda
4597:, and
4591:Mitsui
4545:Taiwan
4442:, and
4390:, and
4362:, and
4312:Kōdōha
4056:Count
4010:Polish
3971:treaty
3956:, and
3878:, and
3863:Allies
3845:, and
3791:. The
3754:Hangul
3736:Hangul
3723:일제 강점기
3718:Hangul
3697:) was
3603:Ryojun
3492:Kasagi
3453:Kasagi
3374:France
3370:Taiwan
3364:. The
3258:feudal
3225:Mitsui
3215:Kazoku
2994:sakoku
2982:Ningbo
2864:Shinto
2765:, and
2699:katana
2660:Russia
2604:, and
2519:Kasuga
2480:shōgun
2445:bakufu
2439:. The
2346:sakoku
2297:Chōshū
2265:German
2231:Nippon
2190:, and
2188:Taishō
2064:, and
2060:, the
2056:, the
2046:Shogun
2019:Allies
1985:Taiwan
1983:, and
1973:Kurils
1971:, the
1719:Sports
1687:Shinto
1644:Empire
1605:Topics
1527:Heisei
1373:Taishō
1249:Sakoku
972:on the
954:naichi
947:naichi
607:Taishō
548:None (
508:
481:Taishō
454:
439:Under
418:under
356:Korean
260:Status
239:
237:
222:Taiwan
214:
205:
203:
178:noicon
146:
41:(book)
18494:China
18487:Other
18468:Kiska
18411:Nauru
18397:India
18377:Burma
18093:Korea
18016:Japan
18014:) of
17647:Leyte
17477:Narva
17463:Anzio
17421:Makin
17379:Burma
17263:Torch
17232:Rzhev
17193:Kiska
16279:Korea
16265:Japan
16258:Italy
16140:Tibet
16119:Spain
15990:Italy
15751:Italy
15744:India
15668:China
15543:Japan
15143:Italy
15055:China
15007:Women
14626:Other
14419:Japan
14414:Italy
14241:camps
14085:Rugby
12921:Japan
12916:Italy
12894:China
12788:North
12397:Burma
12110:Entry
11804:Peers
11668:Senbu
11653:Tokkō
10934:[
10874:S2CID
10854:(PDF)
10563:JSTOR
10460:JSTOR
9872:(PDF)
9733:(PDF)
9199:S2CID
9191:JSTOR
9128:(PDF)
9117:S2CID
9109:JSTOR
9079:(PDF)
8821:tantō
8775:Meiji
8751:大日本帝国
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8288:Korea
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6391:Kuril
6257:Baron
6230:Count
5420:Leyte
5353:Akagi
5347:Sōryū
5253:were
5204:Malay
5044:Sekai
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4952:China
4549:Korea
4135:立憲民政党
3770:Hanja
3750:Hanja
3732:Hanja
3496:Atago
3459:Atago
3342:Seoul
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2795:賤民廃止令
2787:Meiji
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2472:Kyoto
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2259:-koku
2214:大日本帝國
2192:Shōwa
2184:Meiji
2169:Japan
1995:were
1981:Korea
1862:大日本帝国
1844:大日本帝國
1699:Naval
1677:Islam
1570:Reiwa
1405:Shōwa
1290:Meiji
1092:Heian
1064:Asuka
1050:Kofun
1036:Yayoi
1023:Jōmon
921:Japan
769:Area
611:Shōwa
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493:Shōwa
469:Meiji
351:Hakka
295:Tokyo
283:Kyoto
218:Korea
207:Japan
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18516:Laos
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17713:1945
17441:1944
17282:1943
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16866:1941
16718:1940
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16585:Asia
16432:POWs
16272:Jews
15983:Iraq
15909:Axis
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15675:Cuba
14760:Axis
14206:POWs
13532:1918
13434:1917
13360:1916
13261:1915
13165:1914
12970:Siam
12773:East
11722:Navy
11717:Army
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