451:. The ship arrived at Sydney on 11 January 1800, and shortly afterwards Holt agreed to manage Captain Cox's farm. He always claimed in Australia that he was a political exile and not a convict. In September 1800 he was arrested on suspicion of being concerned in a plot against the government, but was soon afterwards released as no evidence could be found against him. He was successful in his management for Cox, and afterwards bought land for himself which eventually yielded him a competence. In 1804 when the Castle Hill uprising occurred Holt, who was not involved, had been warned that evening that it was about to happen. During the night he set up a defense of Captain Cox's house. He was nonetheless afterwards hounded by Governor King and many false witnesses brought against him. Although there was no plausible evidence at all against him, he was in April 1804 exiled by King to
455:, and there put to hard labour. In his Memoirs, Holt wrote a considerable amount on the horrors he saw at Norfolk Island under Commandant Joseph Foveaux. Whereas other histories merely describe Foveaux as some able and efficient administrator who became Lieutenant-Governor at Norfolk Island, Holt saw him far less blandly than that. Holt graphically described Foveaux as the greatest tyrant that he (Holt) had ever known. Holt described the joy of the inhabitants of Norfolk Island on the day when Foveaux departed. He wrote in his Memoirs (Edited by Croker, 1838): "If I could have bought or borrowed a pistol, the world, I think, would soon have been rid of this man-killer, Foveaux, and with as short a warning as he gave to the two men he hung without trial." After Holt had been there 14 weeks
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327:, instigated by the local landlord, Thomas Hugo, who owed Holt a sum of money. Holt then took to the Wicklow mountains, gradually assuming a position of prominence with the United Irish, mostly Catholic, rebels. Avoiding pitched battles, Holt led a fierce campaign of raids and ambushes against loyalist military targets in
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Holt rallied the remaining rebels and continued his United Irish guerrilla campaign as before allegedly even solving gunpowder shortages by inventing his own concoction known as 'Holt's
Mixture'. Eluding a number of large-scale sweeps into the mountains by the army following the collapse of the
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arrived. Holt, however, was officially pardoned on 1 January 1811 and in
December 1812, having sold some of his land and stock, with his wife and younger son took passage to Europe on the
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together with his ill health brought about by the hardships of his fugitive life, age and family considerations prompted Holt to initiate contact through intermediaries as his wife,
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sent instructions that he should be recalled to New South Wales, but delays occurred and it was not until
February 1806 that he arrived back at Sydney again.
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Emerging to meet them, Holt was given much of the credit for the planning of the ambush and defeat of a pursuing force of 200 British cavalry at
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which was an engagement during the Irish
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to revive the rebellion was a disaster, and Holt was lucky to escape with his life back to the safety of the
Wicklow Mountains.
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1994 memorial erected at the grave of United
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559:– The adventures of Joseph Holt – thirteen years in New South Wales. Edited by Peter O'Shaughnessy. Kangaroo Press, 1988
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Holt had largely held out in expectation of the arrival of French aid but news of the defeat of the French at the
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in 1797 and gradually began to attract suspicion until finally in May 1798, his house was burned down by the
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Holt was one of six sons of John Holt, a farmer in County
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Grave of United
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In June 1809 Holt received a free pardon, but, as this had been given after the arrest of
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general and leader of a large guerrilla force which fought against
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paid for his pregnant (with Joseph
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also went there via the United States after his father's 1826 death.
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Rebellion in Wicklow: General Joseph Holt's personal account of 1798
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from June–October 1798. He was exiled in 1799 to the colony of
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on 21 June saw surviving rebel factions heading towards the
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Despite Holt's apparent loyalism, he became a member of the
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Memoirs of Joseph Holt, General of the Irish Rebels in 1798
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Irish general, farmer and leader of a large guerrilla force
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in 1782, set himself up as a farmer in the vicinity of
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Ruan O' Donnell. History Ireland. Vol. 6. No. 2. 1998.
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The Year of Liberty: the great Irish rebellion of 1798
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rising, Holt together with his younger rebel Captain
390:authorities with a view to a negotiated surrender.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
789:Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom
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577:, vols 1–2. T. C. Croker (editor), London, 1838.
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714:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
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582:Keeping up the flame' General Joseph Holt.
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350:on 30 June 1798. However, the subsequent
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1171:United Irish Uprising in Newfoundland
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686:Dictionary of Australian Biography
665:Australian Dictionary of Biography
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711:Dictionary of National Biography
571:. Thomas Pakenham. Granada 1982.
527:on 16 May 1826 and is buried in
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1267:The Wind That Shakes the Barley
637:. National Library of Australia
635:"Papers of Peter O'Shaughnessy"
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271:Holt, upon marrying
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200:Prominent leader of
45:improve this article
1232:Jimmy Murphy (song)
1207:The Boys of Wexford
1029:Newtownmountkennedy
937:John Borlase Warren
860:Henry Joy McCracken
769:American Revolution
615:on 19 November 2007
445:Captain William Cox
1195:In popular culture
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62: –
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56:Find sources:
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34:This article
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23:
22:
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1257:Tone's Grave
1089:Vinegar Hill
1069:Ballynahinch
917:George Warde
854:
845:Robert Emmet
709:
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668:, Volume 1,
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639:. Retrieved
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617:. Retrieved
613:the original
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250:Ballydonnell
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214:United Irish
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1298:1826 deaths
1293:1756 births
1124:Tory Island
1114:Ballinamuck
1084:Foulksmills
1034:Three Rocks
1024:Enniscorthy
1019:Oulart Hill
870:John Murphy
855:Joseph Holt
557:A Rum Story
537:Joshua Holt
515:He died at
415:Joshua Holt
380:Powerscourt
376:Hester Long
372:Ballinamuck
311:First trial
301:Enniscorthy
273:Hester Long
258:Elizabethan
246:Ballydaniel
230:William Cox
210:Joseph Holt
179:Nationality
127:Joseph Holt
1287:Categories
1133:Executions
1094:Ballyellis
1064:Saintfield
994:Prosperous
875:Wolfe Tone
865:John Moore
779:Penal Laws
757:Background
689:. Sydney:
596:References
348:Ballyellis
335:rebels at
236:Background
189:Occupation
71:newspapers
1272:Memorials
1186:Ribbonism
1164:Aftermath
1109:Collooney
1104:Castlebar
1079:Big Cross
1074:Ovidstown
1014:Tara Hill
999:Kilcullen
989:Rathangan
794:Defenders
533:Monkstown
517:Kingstown
386:with the
366:Surrender
325:Fermanagh
277:Roundwood
242:loyalists
226:Australia
168:Kingstown
157:, Ireland
101:June 2011
1049:New Ross
1039:Bunclody
679:(1949).
619:1 August
493:Isabella
299:outside
262:planters
254:Redcross
151:Redcross
1119:Killala
1099:Clonard
972:Battles
641:26 June
436:Minerva
396:Wicklow
329:Wicklow
321:militia
266:James I
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