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communities during the inter-communal struggle of 1963–1964. On 4 April 1964, armed groups originating from both communities had fought over a strategic location overlooking the region's only highway. There had also been several sporadic incidents of gunfire between villages of the region. On 8 April
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The government of the
Republic of Cyprus viewed Kokkina as a point of insertion for Turkish paramilitaries and weaponry in Cyprus because about 500 Turkish Cypriot volunteers who had been trained and armed in Turkey had landed there. So, on 6 August 1964, elements of the Greek Cypriot National Guard
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Within the exclave at the village cemetery, there are 13 carefully tended graves of
Turkish Cypriots who were killed at the siege at Kokkina. The village itself still carries heavy battle damage. A museum memorialising the defenders and the North Cypriot military
532:) is also at the village. Kokkina is the site of annual memorial ceremonies attended by high-ranking dignitaries of both the TRNC and Turkish governments. On Greek Cypriot maps, the village is referred to by its Greek name of Kokkina.
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In the eyes of the Greek
Cypriot authorities, Kokkina was a threat to the nation's security posed by Turkish Cypriot paramilitaries and cutting it off would have severed Turkish armed groups from resupply and reinforcement.
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The defenders, while completely out-powered and lacking supplies, managed to hold their positions until 8 August when Turkey decided to intervene. The threat of a
Turkish military escalation and a resolution of the
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attacked the area around
Kokkina and surrounded the village forcing its defenders and the civilian population to retreat to a narrow beachhead. The defenders consisted of elements of the
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on its northern flank. Kokkina sits several kilometres west of mainland
Northern Cyprus and is a place with symbolic significance to Cypriots, because of the events of August 1964 (cf.
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Turkey claimed that the aerial attack and threat of further intervention were justified by her right to protect the
Turkish Cypriot population under the 1960
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calling for a ceasefire, ended the stand-off. A ceasefire was declared on 9 August 1964 and UNFICYP forces were once again deployed to the area.
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Since
December 1963, thousands of Turkish Cypriots became concentrated in enclaves, as a result of the intercommunal fighting (see
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When the
Turkish military invaded Cyprus in 1974, Kokkina was a specific objective. The exclave became part of the
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457:(with naval support) of the beachhead followed causing a number of casualties and heavy damage to the village.
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The
Tylliria/Dillirga region, where Kokkina is situated, had been a place of intense confrontation between
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in November 1983. However, this declaration of independence was condemned as legally invalid by
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which was enforced by stationing UNFICYP troops at several critical points.
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or "New Erenköy" in Turkish) and the enclave has since functioned as a
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and a number of the volunteers mentioned above. A heavy
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and brought in much-needed supplies for the civilians.
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United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
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53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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513:United Nations Security Council Resolution 541
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113:Learn how and when to remove this message
501:Turkish Federated State of North Cyprus
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509:independence was unilaterally declared
409:military camp for the Turkish forces.
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51:adding citations to reliable sources
22:
16:For other places named Erenköy, see
550:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
505:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
13:
1743:Populated places in Lefke District
14:
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1763:Former populated places in Cyprus
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127:Place in Nicosia District, Cyprus
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1609:Lefke District (Northern Cyprus)
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1738:Communities in Nicosia District
589:Internal Displacement in Cyprus
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463:United Nations Security Council
448:Turkish Resistance Organization
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38:needs additional citations for
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1:
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1708:Xerovounos/Yukarı Yeşilırmak
1698:Potamos tou Kampou/Yedidalga
627:Photo Gallery of the exclave
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503:in 1975, then part of the
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407:North Cyprus Defence Force
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837:Agios Theodoros Tilliria
832:Agios Theodoros, Nicosia
812:Agios Ioannis (Selemani)
617:BBC article on the siege
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1688:Peristeronari/Cengizköy
817:Agios Ioannis Malountas
792:Agios Epifanios Oreinis
772:Agia Marina (Skylloura)
570:by any UN state except
530:Security Forces Command
383:Turkish Cypriot enclave
1653:Karavostasi/Gemikonağı
797:Agios Epifanios Soleas
622:Aftermath of the siege
374:(pene-exclave) of the
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1753:Enclaves and exclaves
822:Agios Nikolaos Lefkas
807:Agios Georgios Lefkas
556:from the Republic of
554:declared independence
442:units led by General
430:managed to arrange a
353:[ˈkot͡ʃːʰina]
239:35.17917°N 32.61167°E
1648:Kalo Chorio/Çamlıköy
47:improve this article
1683:Pentageia/Yeşilyurt
1673:Limnitis/Yeşilırmak
1062:Kalo Chorio Oreinis
1057:Kalo Chorio Kapouti
470:Treaty of Guarantee
235: /
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1658:Kazivera/Gaziveren
1628:Ampelikou/Bağlıköy
1623:Ammadies/Günebakan
1357:Palaichori Oreinis
1352:Palaichori Morphou
1067:Kalo Chorio Soleas
593:PRIO Cyprus Centre
492:for the fighters.
395:Battle of Tillyria
244:35.17917; 32.61167
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548:In 1983, the
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474:disaster area
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220:Coordinates:
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64: –
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58:Find sources:
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42:
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36:This article
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30:
25:
24:
19:
1693:Petra/Taşköy
1662:
1638:Elia/Doğancı
1507:Syrianochori
1492:Skouriotissa
1432:Platanistasa
1372:Pano Deftera
1367:Paliometocho
1242:Lythrodontas
1171:
1122:Kato Deftera
927:Astromeritis
777:Agia Varvara
596:. Retrieved
588:
579:
561:
544:
526:
500:
498:
494:
483:
480:Significance
467:
459:
436:
416:
403:Yeni Erenköy
402:
375:
336:
335:
298:
258:
124:
109:
103:January 2015
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
1668:Lefka/Lefke
1616:Settlements
1412:Peristerona
1407:Pera Chorio
1387:Pano Zodeia
1382:Pano Pyrgos
1362:Palaikythro
1147:Kato Zodeia
1142:Kato Pyrgos
1117:Kataliontas
1112:Karavostasi
947:Dyo Potamoi
902:Anthoupolis
767:Agia Marina
762:Agia Eirini
750:Communities
391:Morphou Bay
242: /
1732:Categories
1557:Xerovounos
1462:Psimolofou
1442:Polystypos
1347:Pachyammos
1312:Neo Chorio
1307:Moutoullas
1227:Louroujina
1047:Kakopetria
1022:Gerolakkos
997:Fterikoudi
977:Exometochi
962:Episkopeio
887:Analiontas
598:14 January
568:recognised
536:References
426:1964, the
230:32°36′42″E
227:35°10′45″N
73:newspapers
1567:Yeniceköy
1522:Tsakistra
1497:Skylloura
1397:Pentageia
1302:Mosfileri
1287:Mylikouri
1277:Mathiatis
1202:Lagoudera
1187:Kotsiatis
1162:Trachonas
1137:Kato Moni
1127:Katokopia
1077:Kalyvakia
882:Ambelikou
867:Alithinou
847:Agrokipia
727:Strovolos
707:Lakatamia
677:Aglandjia
585:"KOKKINA"
452:artillery
432:ceasefire
401:(renamed
62:"Kokkina"
1562:Xyliatos
1537:Variseia
1517:Trachoni
1487:Sinaoros
1437:Politiko
1392:Pedoulas
1317:Nikitari
1257:Mansoura
1247:Malounta
1207:Lazanias
1157:Kazivera
1152:Katydata
1102:Kannavia
1097:Kanlıköy
1042:Haspolat
1037:Hamitköy
1017:Gerakies
987:Fikardou
982:Farmakas
972:Evrychou
897:Angolemi
877:Ammadies
563:de facto
399:Yialousa
376:de facto
324:District
300:de facto
295:Country
284:District
255:Country
1552:Vyzakia
1547:Vroisha
1512:Temvria
1472:Saranti
1457:Prastio
1452:Potamia
1427:Pigenia
1342:Ortaköy
1337:Orounta
1322:Nikitas
1292:Mitsero
1252:Mammari
1232:Loutros
1222:Livadia
1182:Korakou
1172:Kokkina
1107:Kapedes
1052:Kaliana
1027:Gönyeli
967:Ergates
937:Beykeuy
912:Arediou
892:Anageia
857:Alampra
722:Nicosia
717:Morphou
702:Kythrea
455:barrage
413:History
372:exclave
367:Koççina
362:Erenköy
358:Turkish
349:locally
345:Κόκκινα
337:Kokkina
260:de jure
208:Kokkina
164:Turkish
157:Erenköy
142:Κόκκινα
134:Kokkina
87:scholar
18:Erenköy
1532:Tymbou
1502:Spilia
1467:Pyrogi
1447:Potami
1282:Meniko
1272:Masari
1237:Lympia
1167:Klirou
1092:Kampos
1087:Kampia
1032:Gourri
1012:Galini
1007:Galata
1002:Fyllia
992:Flasou
957:Epicho
942:Deneia
932:Avlona
917:Argaki
907:Apliki
862:Alevga
712:Latsia
692:Engomi
572:Turkey
560:. The
558:Cyprus
517:Turkey
490:Turkey
387:Cyprus
313:
276:Cyprus
273:
160:
145:
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1527:Tseri
1422:Petra
1332:Oikos
1327:Nisou
1267:Margo
1262:Margi
1217:Linou
1212:Lefka
1082:Kampi
922:Askas
872:Alona
852:Akaki
732:Tseri
523:Today
507:when
341:Greek
149:Greek
94:JSTOR
80:books
1542:Voni
1402:Pera
1297:Mora
1197:Kyra
952:Elia
757:Agia
697:Geri
687:Dali
600:2015
438:and
421:and
66:news
1482:Sia
385:in
364:or
49:by
1734::
591:.
587:.
574:.
519:.
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356:;
347:,
343::
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