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339:, officially classified as such in 1951. The mixing of water, annual or biennial, only takes place over the first 60 meters: this property is explained by the almost conical shape of the volume of water, its enclosed and protected location from wind and the existence of underground sources, which mineralize deep waters and make them denser.
493:
The climbing site, located on the western edge of Lake Pavin, is a cliff resulting from a basalt flow escaped from the Puy de
Montchal, just over 1 km away. Although located at an altitude of 1,200 meters, this cliff faces southwest and climbing can therefore be practiced from April to December.
407:
While it is commonly accepted that the
Montchal-Pavin system (the Puy de Montchal located near the lake at an altitude of 1,400 m having formed a trachy - basalt volcanic cone ) erupted approximately 6,900 years ago for Lake Pavin and 7,000 years for the Puy de Montchal, a second peri-volcanic phase
342:
The anoxic waters of the lake bottom, between 60 and 92 meters, are confined and loaded with gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and hydrogen sulphide, linked to the decomposition of organic matter, which gives them a bad odour. The gas and its composition is monitored because an increase
435:
The discovery of these mudslides was noted by the entire scientific community, and gave rise to new research that is still ongoing. The teams from the Magmas and
Volcanoes laboratory reject the hypothesis of a volcanic episode of the Pavin crater after 6,900 BP (which has never been affirmed by the
290:
It is of very recent origin unlike the Dore
Mountains massif. It was formed after the period of volcanic activity which created the Puys chain, around 6,900 years ago, making it one of the youngest volcanic structures in mainland France. It is not linked to the Puys chain. The explosion which formed
425:
Land movements (landslides or earthquakes) would have taken place within the lake or nearby, which caused the appearance of turbidity within the lake and which could release toxic gases, like the Lake Nyos. A manuscript from 1650, entitled Le Pavin et le hollow de Soucy , describes a lake with
494:
The paths run through basalt organs where dihedrons (with large cracks at the bottom) and rectilinear pillars alternate . Initially equipped by the Super-Besse mountain gendarmerie platoon, the site offers 24 routes20 to 25 m high, rated 4 to 6c, with predominance of levels 6a and 6b.
460:
A similar version has it that it was God who drowned the city under torrential waters in order to punish its promiscuous inhabitants. However, the authentic versions of these legends are much more complex, less well-known, and probably closer to a description than to a tale.
302:
The oxygenated waters of Lake Pavin are home to zooplankton and fish, notably Arctic char, which live in deep water (30 to 70m). Deep waters have a density of more than 10 million bacteria per millilitre of water (density ten times that of standard lakes), including
456:
It is said that
Lucifer challenged the Creator by kidnaping a young lady. During a fierce fight, the divine spirit forces the evil-one to go back to Hell’s abysses. Sat on the lake’s edge, inconsolable, he cried so many tears that the lake filled up with its tears.
284:. Generally circular in shape with a diameter of 700 to 800 m and an area of 44 ha, it has an average depth of 29.5m and a maximum depth of 92m , making it the deepest in Auvergne ( i.e. a volume of approximately 13 million m 3 of water).
416:
The lake would have overflowed several times during its history, the most recent event would have deposited mudslides in the Couze valley around 750 years ago; these mudflows were mapped, dated and analyzed by the two previous researchers.
375:
in his Study on the
Volcanoes of Auvergne of 1789 proposed that the lake came from a "powdery explosion". Its unaltered characteristics (meromictic lake and pristine) has meant that it has been widely studied, particularly with regard to
326:
This same word comes from the Latin pavens (adjective participle of pavere which means "to be struck with terror"). The name of "Lake Pavin" would therefore mean, word for word both in
Occitan and in its ancestor Latin, "terrible lake".
294:
On a clear day, with the blue sky reflecting in the water, it appears very colourful, almost midnight blue. On the other hand, in stormy weather, its deep waters appear very dark, which undoubtedly earned it its name Pavin (from the
562:
T. Sime-Ngando, P. Boivin, E. Chapron, D. Jezequel and M. Meybeck, Lake Pavin: History, geology, biogeochemistry, and sedimentology of a deep meromictic maar lake, Springer, 2016, 406 pp., ISBN 978-3-319-39961-4,
452:
For centuries, it has never ceased to amaze and to move those who discover and explore it. Scientists, geologists and authors all try to pierce the many mysteries and legends that surround this remarkable site.
464:
Other legends say that if you throw a stone in the middle of the lake, he wakes up and a throw of stones hits him. December 31 at midnight you can hear the bells of the old church of Besse ringing.
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it was very violent: traces of this event were found as far away as the sediments of Lake Geneva and other Swiss lakes. The volume of the eruption is estimated at 75 million m.
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This work was presented by the two researchers during an international scientific conference organized in Besse in 2009, during which two facts were highlighted.
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It is visited by approximately 200,000 people per year. The Couze Pavin river which passes 300m from the lake is only partially fed by the latter.
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could occur. However, ground movements (significant rock falls) or seismic events could disrupt this balance and lead to sudden degassing.
688:
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311:, as well as other methane consuming species. Certain archaea oxidize some of the methane they produce in order to consume it.
396:
launched a platform in 2013 allowing samples to be taken in the middle of the lake. This platform is raised in Winter.
810:
429:
It is possible that the legends concerning Pavin are partially, or even completely, linked to these natural hazards.
72:
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would have occurred only 3,500 to 2,000 years ago, then 750 years ago and gaseous emanations still persist today .
1136:
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The only other was Lac de la
Girotte, a natural lake (dissolution in gypsum) 99 meters deep over 57 hectares in
1141:
783:
A. C. Lehours, J. F. Carrias, C. Amblard, T. Sime-Ngando, G. Fonty, « Les bactéries du lac Pavin »,
436:
two authors, who evoke peri-volcanic and not purely volcanic phenomena for the Pavin crater 6,900 years ago).
845:
Philipe Olive, Jacques Boulègue (2004). "Étude biogéochimique d'un lac méromictique: le lac Pavin, France".
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The volcanic activity of the Pavin Lake sector is the subject of debate within the scientific community:
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Located at an altitude of 1,197 m , the lake was formed by phreatomagmatism, in other words it is a
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1071:, 1999 paper concluding CO2 levels in Lac Pavin were not at the time in danger of a limnic eruption
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Charles
Bruyant, " The cuttlefish of Lake Pavin", Revue d'Auvergne , t. 20,1903, p. 81-97
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swirling waters covered in fog, the possible origin of the legends surrounding this lake.
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Accumulation of mantle gases in a permanently stratified volcanic lake(Lac Pavin, France)
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come close to this category but their monimolimnion is not totally anoxic.
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481:(2016) from the collection of Franco-Belgian police TV films called
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The lake has been studied by scientists since the 18th century: the
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could lead to risks of catastrophic degassing, a phenomenon called "
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801:. Assimil évasion (in French and Occitan). Chennevières-sur-Marne:
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of its local
Occitan name: Lac Pavent which means "terrible lake".
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877:"La plateforme scientifique du lac Pavin enlevée pour l'hiver"
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Site de France-Culture, page sur les mystères du lac Pavin
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Site de France Culture, page sur Les mystères du lac Pavin
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Meromictic, volcanic crater lake in Puy-de-DĂ´me, France
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http://annuaire.toques-auvergne.com/detail.php?id=747
742:« Le lac Pavin : un lac méromictique »
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Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
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Travaux du Comité français d'histoire de la géologie
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New hypotheses concerning the activity of Lake Pavin
347:" by some researchers, but according to the work of
258:6,900 years ago, this crater lake is the youngest
905:Didier Jézéquel, Gérard Sarazin et Gérard Fonty,
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996:Escalade dans le Puy-de-DĂ´me: Le Massif du Sancy
448:Lake Pavin, the dolmen, wooded path (west bank).
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907:Le lac pavin : le volcan, l'eau et la vie
874:Cette plateforme est enlevée pour l'hiver. Cf
994:Denis Collangettes; G. Monneron; M. Chalier.
477:The site is the main location of the TV film
380:. Scientific teams attached to the CNRS from
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673:Henry Gaudru, Évelyne Pradal (2014). "125".
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744:(invité Michel Meybeck) dans l'émission
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335:Lake Pavin is unique in France: it is a
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234:), in the territory of the commune of
941:Didier Jézéquel; Christian Amblard.
762:http://www2.brgm.fr/volcan/pavin.htm
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675:À la découverte des volcans extrêmes
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705:Sylvain Kahn (20 September 2010).
367:View of the partially frozen lake.
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689:Colloque de 2009 sur le lac Pavin
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62:Show map of Auvergne-RhĂ´ne-Alpes
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1077:article by Visit Auvergne, 2023
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268:It gives its name to a cheese:
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787:, january 2010, p. 30-35.
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998:(in French). Vol. III.
307:(i.e. methane -producing ),
206:1,197 m (3,927 ft)
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707:"Les mystères du lac Pavin"
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412:Rising waters and overflows
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503:Photos of the lake in 1929
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1075:The Mysterious Lake Pavin
498:Old postcards of the Lake
468:Representation in culture
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929:United fashion for peace
649:Global Volcanism Program
353:phreato-gaseous eruption
236:Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise
140:45.4958472°N 2.8879222°E
106:Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise
654:Smithsonian Institution
198:92 m (302 ft)
1039:Primitive lake little
449:
368:
190:44 ha (110 acres)
1142:Volcanic crater lakes
752:du 22 septembre 2010.
447:
366:
145:45.4958472; 2.8879222
1137:Lakes of Puy-de-DĂ´me
1065:at Wikimedia Commons
799:L'auvergnat de poche
479:Meurtres en Auvergne
166:volcanic crater lake
883:. 29 November 2013.
373:Count of Montlosier
299:pavens, terrible).
215:or Lake Pavin is a
136: /
797:Jean Roux (2002).
450:
421:Seismic activities
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248:Besse-en-Chandesse
92:Show map of France
1061:Media related to
915:, 1 january 2008.
644:"Chaîne des Puys"
403:Volcanic activity
222:, located in the
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1024:Lake Bourget
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305:methanogenic
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270:Pavin cheese
267:
262:in mainland
254:. Formed by
212:
211:
187:Surface area
131:2°53′16.52″E
1041:anthropised
1028:Lake Geneva
601:Lake Monoun
567:(in French)
558:(in French)
276:Description
252:Super-Besse
240:Puy-de-DĂ´me
220:crater lake
143: /
118:Coordinates
110:Puy-de-DĂ´me
1131:Categories
980:2024-09-08
956:2018-06-24
677:. Vuibert.
659:2019-06-29
630:References
592:Messel pit
473:Television
246:, between
217:meromictic
195:Max. depth
162:meromictic
1121:Volcanoes
1063:Lac Pavin
925:Lac Pavin
821:1281-7554
615:Lake Kivu
606:Lake Nyos
213:Lac Pavin
86:Lac Pavin
56:Lac Pavin
22:Lac Pavin
544:See also
489:Climbing
315:Toponymy
228:Auvergne
112:, France
102:Location
1083:Portals
803:Assimil
440:Legends
394:Orléans
309:archaea
260:volcano
1109:Rivers
819:
809:
264:France
244:France
178:France
1097:Lakes
623:river
386:Paris
297:Latin
226:, in
173:Basin
1026:and
817:ISSN
807:ISBN
722:2023
619:The
392:and
382:Lyon
351:, a
282:maar
250:and
157:Type
748:de
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230:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
