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Low sodium diet

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1871: 1901: 1891: 1881: 118:. However there was also moderate certainty evidence that some people may experience hypotensive symptoms, such as dizziness, following sudden sodium restriction. It is unclear whether this affects the dosage required for anti-hypertensive medications. The effect of salt restriction on extracellular fluid, oedema, and total body weight reduction was also uncertain. 488:
Powles, John; Fahimi, Saman; Micha, Renata; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Shi, Peilin; Ezzati, Majid; Engell, Rebecca E.; Lim, Stephen S.; Danaei, Goodarz; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Group (NutriCoDE), on behalf of the Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert (2013-12-01).
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have banned them because of elevated salt levels in ground water reclamation projects. Water labeled as "drinking water" in supermarkets contains natural sodium since it is usually only filtered with a carbon filter and will contain any sodium present in the source water.
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guidelines state that adults should consume less than 2,000 mg of sodium/day (i.e. about 5 grams of traditional table salt), and at least 3,510 mg of potassium per day. In Europe, adults and children consume about twice as much sodium as recommended by experts.
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Unprocessed, fresh foods, such as fresh fruits, most vegetables, beef, poultry, fish and unprocessed grains are low in sodium. Low– or no–sodium products, and corresponding versions of products otherwise high in sodium, can be found in stores as well as online.
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The human minimum requirement for sodium in the diet is about 500 mg per day, which is typically less than one-sixth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste". For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure or diseases such as
160:, among others. Milk, beets, and celery also naturally contain sodium, as does drinking water, although the amount varies depending on the source. Sodium is also added to various food products. Some of these added forms are 65:
and in people with normal blood pressure. Taken together, a low salt diet (median of approximately 4.4 g/day – approx 1800 mg sodium) in hypertensive people resulted in a decrease in
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At least 23 clinical trials found that low-salt diets worsened insulin resistance, fasting insulin and/or glucose/insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test.
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Salt restriction paradoxically caused a significant increase in blood pressure in a substantial subgroup (younger individuals with normotension or prehypertension).
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Jarosz, Mirosław; Rychlik, Ewa; Stoś, Katarzyna; Wierzejska, Regina; Wojtasik, Anna; Charzewska, Jadwiga; Mojska, Hanna; Szponar, Lucjan; Sajór, Iwona (2017).
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Herbs: Dried or fresh garlic, garlic/onion powder (no salt), dill, parsley, rosemary, basil, cinnamon, cloves, paprika, oregano, ginger, vinegar, cumin, nutmeg
774: 1392: 491:"Global, regional and national sodium intakes in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion and dietary surveys worldwide" 76:
Advising people to eat a low salt diet, however, is of unclear effect in either hypertensive or normal tensive people. In 2012, the British Journal
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McMahon, Emma J; Campbell, Katrina L; Bauer, Judith D; Mudge, David W; Kelly, Jaimon T (2021-06-24). Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Group (ed.).
692: 675: 1907: 858: 114:, found high-certainty evidence that reduced salt intake may help to lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as 409: 136:
and heart rate, and was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events.
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by the journal when it was found that two of the studies cited contained duplicate data that could not be verified.
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He, FJ; Li, J; Macgregor, GA (30 April 2013). "Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure".
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may be used to provide a similar taste to salt while reducing sodium intake, and flavor additives such as
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published an article claiming that a low salt diet appears to increase the risk of death in those with
631:"Low sodium versus normal sodium diets in systolic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis" 49: 43: 833: 1816: 81: 70: 1856: 1187: 1159: 99: 66: 1826: 1256: 1068: 345: 107: 1884: 1734: 1342: 1286: 1218: 1047: 1764: 1739: 1372: 1271: 1078: 1014: 270: 201: 161: 8: 1769: 1236: 887: 580:
Adler, AJ; Taylor, F; Martin, N; Gottlieb, S; Taylor, RS; Ebrahim, S (18 December 2014).
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Implementing recommendations for dietary salt reduction: Where are we? DIANE Publishing.
188: 1890: 1704: 1410: 1179: 1151: 1083: 1019: 745: 720: 663: 606: 581: 523: 490: 340: 266: 236:, and canned soups and vegetables are all examples of foods that contain added sodium. 92: 1900: 1774: 1729: 1623: 750: 667: 648: 611: 562: 528: 510: 470: 460: 437: 427: 392: 103: 1894: 872: 61:
A low sodium diet has a useful effect to reduce blood pressure, both in people with
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Seasonings: Black, cayenne, or lemon pepper, mustard, some chili or hot sauces
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Dinicolantonio, JJ; Pasquale, PD; Taylor, RS; Hackam, DG (Jan 24, 2013).
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Sodium occurs naturally in most foods. The most common form of sodium is
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Macaroni, pasta, noodles, rice, barley (cooked in unsalted water)
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are generally very high in sodium. Also, processed foods such as
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is a diet that includes no more than 1,500 to 2,400 mg of
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Because large amounts of salts are given out by regenerative
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A doctor might prescribe a low sodium diet for patients with
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can help reduce sodium intake by enhancing other flavors.
772: 718: 579: 233: 84:, but the article was retracted in 2013. The article was 426:. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 2012. 773:
DiNicolantonio, James; O'Keefe, James (14 March 2023).
410:"WHO issues new guidance on dietary salt and potassium" 902: 459:(in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Żywności i Żywienia. 286:
Most fresh fruits and vegetables, exceptions include
834:"Everyone should cook with MSG, says food scientist" 815:"Sodium in diet: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" 793: 1920: 803:by Gene Shaparenko, Aqua Technology Water Stores 424:Guideline Sodium Intake for Adults and Children 330:Club soda, coffee, seltzer water, soy milk, tea 888: 548: 801:Sodium, Your Health, and Your Drinking Water 768: 766: 764: 276:Other foods that are low in sodium include: 586:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 551:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 895: 881: 139: 761: 744: 642: 605: 544: 542: 522: 319:Fresh beef, pork, lamb, fish, shrimp, egg 725:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 132:Low-salt intake consistently increased 14: 1921: 690: 539: 412:(Press release). WHO. 31 January 2013. 195: 876: 831: 714: 712: 255: 1880: 1822:Fruits & Veggies – More Matters 457:Normy ĹĽywienia dla populacji Polski 121: 24: 709: 664:10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301156.29ret 379:Heart Failure Society of America, 351:Health Canada Sodium Working Group 200:Condiments and seasonings such as 25: 1940: 110:at any stage, including those on 56: 1899: 1889: 1879: 1870: 1869: 316:Unsalted dry curd cottage cheese 304:Dried beans, peas, rice, lentils 851: 825: 807: 684: 381:How to follow a low sodium diet 27:Diet with reduced sodium intake 832:Lubin, Gus (2 February 2017). 737:10.1002/14651858.CD010070.pub3 622: 598:10.1002/14651858.CD009217.pub3 573: 559:10.1002/14651858.CD004937.pub2 481: 448: 416: 402: 385: 373: 13: 1: 779:Journal of Insulin Resistance 366: 644:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302337 7: 1832:Latin American Diet Pyramid 1812:Dairy Council of California 1267:Gluten-free and casein-free 691:Marcus, Adam (2 May 2013). 507:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003733 334: 10: 1945: 1842:Mediterranean Diet Pyramid 1297:Low-fiber/low-residue diet 252:have high sodium content. 176:(sodium bicarbonate), and 1908:Health and fitness portal 1865: 1797: 1695: 1593: 1475: 1466: 1444: 1401: 1335: 1227: 1206: 1178: 1150: 1107: 1056: 1033: 1007: 986: 977: 914: 69:by 4.2 mmHg, and in 1188:Bodybuilding supplements 82:congestive heart failure 71:diastolic blood pressure 1857:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid 1160:Ovo-lacto vegetarianism 140:Food and drink contents 67:systolic blood pressure 1827:Healthy eating pyramid 1373:Time Restricted Eating 1257:Fluid restriction diet 859:"Tame your salt habit" 346:Health effects of salt 108:chronic kidney disease 1327:Specific carbohydrate 1219:Very-low-calorie diet 658:(Retracted, see 1272:Intermittent fasting 326:Hot cereals/Porridge 271:monosodium glutamate 202:Worcestershire sauce 187:, over 60 cities in 162:monosodium glutamate 1237:Calorie restriction 196:High sodium content 189:Southern California 1152:Semi-vegetarianism 341:Diabetes insipidus 267:potassium chloride 256:Low sodium content 93:diabetes insipidus 73:by 2.1 mmHg. 1916: 1915: 1793: 1792: 1462: 1461: 1035:Sustainable diets 466:978-83-86060-89-4 433:978-92-4-150483-6 104:controlled trials 44:MĂ©nière's disease 16:(Redirected from 1936: 1903: 1893: 1883: 1882: 1873: 1872: 1473: 1472: 1307:Monotrophic diet 1287:Low-carbohydrate 1252:Elimination diet 1198:Therapeutic food 1193:Meal replacement 1180:Supplement diets 1048:Planetary health 984: 983: 920: 897: 890: 883: 874: 873: 867: 866: 855: 849: 848: 846: 844: 838:Business Insider 829: 823: 822: 811: 805: 797: 791: 790: 788: 786: 770: 759: 758: 748: 716: 707: 706: 704: 703: 697:Retraction Watch 688: 682: 681: 677:Retraction Watch 656: 646: 626: 620: 619: 609: 592:(12): CD009217. 577: 571: 570: 546: 537: 536: 526: 485: 479: 478: 452: 446: 445: 420: 414: 413: 406: 400: 389: 383: 377: 263:Salt substitutes 220:contain sodium. 170:sodium saccharin 122:Negative effects 21: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 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83: 79: 74: 72: 68: 64: 54: 51: 47: 45: 39: 37: 33: 19: 18:Low-salt diet 1905:Food portal, 1817:Food pyramid 1798:Nutritional 1276: 1242:Cardiac diet 1230:restrictions 1214:Liquid diets 862: 853: 841:. Retrieved 837: 827: 818: 809: 800: 795: 783:. Retrieved 778: 728: 724: 700:. Retrieved 696: 686: 676: 674:,   634: 624: 589: 585: 575: 550: 498: 494: 483: 456: 450: 423: 418: 404: 387: 375: 356:Hyponatremia 322:Milk, yogurt 310:Honey, sugar 275: 259: 242:potato chips 199: 182: 143: 131: 128: 125: 97: 90: 77: 75: 63:hypertension 60: 48: 40: 31: 29: 1477:Amino acids 1416:Macrobiotic 1388:Raw foodism 1378:Liquid diet 1348:Cotton ball 1343:Entomophagy 1336:Other diets 1302:Low-protein 1262:Gluten-free 1170:Pollotarian 1165:Pescetarian 999:Plant-based 987:Basic types 969:Staple food 863:Mayo Clinic 781:(2519–7533) 250:cured meats 214:garlic salt 174:baking soda 158:kosher salt 116:albuminuria 1760:Phosphorus 1750:Molybdenum 1575:Tryptophan 1545:Methionine 1530:Isoleucine 1495:Asparagine 1383:Ninja diet 1317:Renal diet 1282:Low-FODMAP 1277:Low-sodium 1043:Low carbon 843:27 January 702:2013-09-29 475:1022820929 397:1428929096 367:References 238:Fast foods 224:, such as 210:onion salt 150:table salt 102:review of 1852:MyPyramid 1765:Potassium 1745:Manganese 1740:Magnesium 1687:Vitamin K 1682:Vitamin E 1677:Vitamin D 1672:Vitamin C 1664:Vitamin B 1656:Vitamin B 1648:Vitamin B 1640:Vitamin B 1632:Vitamin B 1624:Vitamin B 1616:Vitamin B 1608:Vitamin B 1603:Vitamin A 1570:Threonine 1525:Histidine 1515:Glutamine 1468:Nutrition 1454:Diet food 1436:Slow-Carb 1431:Superfood 1426:Junk food 1411:Cambridge 1403:Fad diets 1322:Soft diet 1228:Specific 1137:Raw vegan 1094:Rastafari 1069:Christian 959:Nutrition 939:Dietitian 515:2044-6055 442:849715509 206:soy sauce 86:retracted 38:per day. 1923:Category 1895:Cookbook 1875:Category 1780:Vanadium 1770:Selenium 1715:Chromium 1710:Chlorine 1697:Minerals 1595:Vitamins 1580:Tyrosine 1505:Cysteine 1490:Arginine 1114:veganism 1064:Buddhist 1025:Atlantic 994:Omnivore 755:34164803 672:23640983 653:22914535 616:25519688 567:23633321 533:24366578 495:BMJ Open 335:See also 265:such as 154:sea salt 112:dialysis 100:Cochrane 1885:Commons 1847:MyPlate 1807:5 A Day 1705:Calcium 1555:Proline 1535:Leucine 1520:Glycine 1485:Alanine 1292:Low-fat 1079:Islamic 1015:Western 979:Dieting 964:Obesity 934:Cuisine 929:Dieting 785:13 July 746:8222708 607:6483405 524:3884590 300:spinach 292:carrots 230:sausage 164:(MSG), 98:A 2021 1800:advice 1775:Sodium 1755:Nickel 1730:Iodine 1725:Copper 1720:Cobalt 1585:Valine 1565:Serine 1540:Lysine 1089:Jewish 949:Leptin 944:Hunger 753:  743:  670:  666:, 651:  614:  604:  565:  531:  521:  513:  473:  463:  440:  430:  395:  298:, and 288:celery 232:, and 216:, and 156:, and 36:sodium 1929:Diets 1363:Inuit 1074:Hindu 635:Heart 296:beets 226:bacon 78:Heart 1785:Zinc 1735:Iron 1368:MIND 1358:DASH 1353:Pica 1142:Tofu 1112:and 1099:Sikh 1084:Jain 954:Meal 924:Diet 906:and 845:2019 787:2024 751:PMID 729:2021 668:PMID 649:PMID 612:PMID 590:2017 563:PMID 529:PMID 511:ISSN 471:OCLC 461:ISBN 438:OCLC 428:ISBN 393:ISBN 248:and 134:RAAS 1312:NPO 741:PMC 733:doi 660:doi 639:doi 602:PMC 594:doi 555:doi 519:PMC 503:doi 234:ham 50:WHO 1925:: 1666:12 861:. 836:. 817:. 777:. 763:^ 749:. 739:. 727:. 723:. 711:^ 695:. 647:. 637:. 633:. 610:. 600:. 588:. 584:. 561:. 541:^ 527:. 517:. 509:. 497:. 493:. 469:. 436:. 294:, 290:, 244:, 228:, 212:, 208:, 204:, 180:. 172:, 168:, 152:, 95:. 30:A 1658:9 1650:7 1642:6 1634:5 1626:3 1618:2 1610:1 896:e 889:t 882:v 865:. 847:. 821:. 789:. 757:. 735:: 705:. 680:) 662:: 655:. 641:: 618:. 596:: 569:. 557:: 535:. 505:: 499:3 477:. 444:. 399:. 20:)

Index

Low-salt diet
sodium
Ménière's disease
WHO
hypertension
systolic blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
congestive heart failure
retracted
diabetes insipidus
Cochrane
controlled trials
chronic kidney disease
dialysis
albuminuria
RAAS
sodium chloride
table salt
sea salt
kosher salt
monosodium glutamate
sodium nitrite
sodium saccharin
baking soda
sodium benzoate
water softeners
Southern California
Worcestershire sauce
soy sauce
onion salt

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