217:"The worship rendered by the Church to God must be, in its entirety, interior as well as exterior. Exterior worship reveals and emphasizes the unity of the mystical Body, feeds new fuel to its holy zeal, fortifies its energy, intensifies its action day by day: 'for although the ceremonies themselves can claim no perfection or sanctity in their own right, they are, nevertheless, the outward acts of religion, designed to rouse the heart, like signals of a sort, to veneration of the sacred realities, and to raise the mind to meditation on the supernatural. They serve to foster piety, to kindle the flame of charity, to increase our faith and deepen our devotion. They provide instruction for simple folk, decoration for divine worship, continuity of religious practice. They make it possible to tell genuine Christians from their false or
2240:
256:
venerable. He recognizes that liturgy is organic, and to return to the most ancient practices would ignore centuries of liturgical organic development. He goes on to say that: " would be straying from the straight path were he to wish the altar restored to its primitive table form; were he to want black excluded as a color for liturgical vestments; were he to forbid the use of sacred images and statues in Church; were he to order the crucifix so designed that the Divine
Redeemer's Body shows no trace of his cruel sufferings."
2278:
252:"The Church is without question a living organism, and as an organism, in respect of the sacred liturgy also, she grows, matures, develops, adapts and accommodates herself to temporal needs and circumstances, provided only that the integrity of her doctrine be safeguarded. This notwithstanding, the temerity and daring of those who introduce novel liturgical practices, or call for the revival of obsolete rites out of harmony with prevailing laws and rubrics, deserve severe reproof."
53:
2268:
398:, wrote that with this encyclical of Pope Pius XII, liturgy ceases to be an unimportant composite of ceremonies and regulations. It is now accepted dogma that liturgy is not static but actively changing lives. It is hoped that the encyclical will help to coordinate the liturgical renewal throughout the Catholic world and thus multiply its effects on Christian life everywhere, similarly to the reform movement of Cluny or the reforms of the Council of Trent.
336:"Nevertheless, in keeping with the duty of Our office, We cannot help deploring and condemning those works of art, recently introduced by some, which seem to be a distortion and perversion of true art and which at times openly shock Christian taste, modesty and devotion, and shamefully offend the true religious sense. These must be entirely excluded and banished from our churches, like 'anything else that is not in keeping with the sanctity of the place.'"
2228:
867:
2288:
2258:
293:"All the elements of the liturgy, then, would have us reproduce in our hearts the likeness of the divine Redeemer through the mystery of the cross, according to the words of the Apostle of the Gentiles, 'With Christ I am nailed to the cross. I live, now not I, but Christ live in me.' Gal. 2:19-20. Thus we become a victim, as it were, along with Christ to increase the glory of the eternal Father."
1707:
332:
discusses the need to have tasteful and beautiful houses of worship. Not necessarily rich in historical artifacts, but clean and not overburdened with kitsch. While Pius XII was critical of those who stripped their churches of virtually all ancient art, including pictures and statuary, he disapproved
255:
The liturgy has divine and human elements. Its human elements result from the teachings of the church, church laws, pious usages by the faithful and the development of art and music. Pius warns strongly against a sense of "liturgical archaeologism", the belief that the most ancient practices are more
248:
alone enjoys the right to recognize and establish any practice touching the worship of God, to introduce and approve new rites, as also to modify those he judges to require modification. Bishops, for their part, have the right and duty carefully to watch over the exact observance of the prescriptions
304:
gave rise. It likewise attempts to reinstate a series of errors which were responsible for the calling of that meeting as well as for those resulting from it, with grievous harm to souls, and which the Church, the ever watchful guardian of the 'deposit of faith' committed to her charge by her divine
174:
Pope Pius defends liturgy as important, sacred and sacramental. Liturgy is more than the sum of liturgical actions and prescriptions. It is an error to think of the sacred liturgy as merely the outward or visible part of divine worship or as an ornamental ceremonial. No less erroneous is the notion
296:
Assuredly it is a wise and most laudable thing to return in spirit and affection to the sources of the sacred liturgy. For research in this field of study, by tracing it back to its origins, contributes valuable assistance towards a more thorough and careful investigation of the significance of
264:
The
Eucharist is a renewal of the sacrifice on the cross. Christ is the priest, the sacrifice and the purpose of the Eucharistic sacrifice. The faithful should participate but they do not have priestly authority. They participate in the sacrifice together with the priest. They participate by
317:(Divine Office) is a never-ending prayer of the Church, requiring a spirit of contemplation. The faithful are encouraged to participate in the Liturgy of the Hours especially on Sundays. Thus they participate in the life of Christ, which the church repeats and explains on a yearly basis.
375:"that the importance of the encyclical are obviously the reforms, but also the notion, that without liturgy, religious life is not possible, and, liturgy as Pius XII taught, is 'more than a beautiful spectacle but ultimate adoration of God Himself'". An unsigned editorial in the journal
249:
of the sacred canons respecting divine worship. Private individuals, therefore, even though they be clerics, may not be left to decide for themselves in these holy and venerable matters" He adds that "no private person has any authority to regulate external practices of this kind".
157:
is one of the more important encyclicals of Pope Pius XII. The encyclical condemned certain excesses of liturgical reform and stressed the importance of the union of sacrifice and altar with communion, which would also be seen in the reforms undertaken during and after
305:
Founder, had every right and reason to condemn. For perverse designs and ventures of this sort tend to paralyze and weaken that process of sanctification by which the sacred liturgy directs the sons of adoption to their
Heavenly Father of their souls' salvation".
268:
The encyclical teaches that the congregations' singing of hymns or answering the priest "in an orderly and fitting manner" is approved and recommended, but "are by no means necessary to constitute it a public act or to give it a social character."
221:
counterparts.' But the chief element of divine worship must be interior. For we must always live in Christ and give ourselves to Him completely, so that in Him, with Him and through Him the heavenly Father may be duly glorified."
320:
The saints are ideals and models and intercessors. Among the inhabitants of heaven, Mary has a special place. She is like no other involved in the mysteries of Christ. She offers her son and provides all help needed.
1535:
290:
and
Eucharistic Blessings. The historical Jesus and the Eucharist cannot be separated. The full liturgy opens to the faithful the mystery of the cross in the likeness of their Redeemer.
1618:
300:
Pius XII wrote that exaggerated reforms have harmful effects on spirituality: "This way of acting bids fair to revive the exaggerated and senseless antiquarianism to which the illegal
175:
that it consists solely in a list of laws and prescriptions according to which the ecclesiastical hierarchy orders the sacred rites to be performed. The encyclical has four parts.
1374:
187:. Liturgy is public worship, an obligation for individuals and communities. Liturgy is outward adoration of God as well as a fountain for personal piety. It originated with the
473:
The
Organic Development of the Liturgy: The Principles of Liturgical Reform and Their Relation to the Twentieth-Century Liturgical Movement Prior to the Second Vatican Council
1229:
1197:
214:
on which they proceeded to offer the sacrifice, and around which were ranged all other rites appropriate for the saving of souls and for the honor due to God.
832:
1548:
1192:
1294:
1204:
1077:
1070:
1154:
1306:
1390:
275:
advises bishops to create offices to encourage active participation and dignified services, and to ensure that individual priests do not use the
735:
1234:
1625:
366:
labelled
Mediator Dei "the most important teaching, which the Magisterium ever issued, and one of greatest documents of this pontificate".
89:
84:
265:
cleansing their souls of arrogance, anger, guilt, lust and other sins, and thus see more clearly the picture of Christ in themselves.
1568:
1364:
1249:
2196:
1214:
762:
379:
suggested that some eccentric German liturgical reformists went too far "and are now told to look at the depths of the dogma". A
2314:
1359:
2192:
1395:
1254:
1244:
145:
The encyclical suggested new directions and active participation instead of a merely passive role for the faithful in the
2023:
1690:
1354:
1219:
391:
1274:
1224:
1209:
2291:
1339:
481:
447:
2261:
2183:
1670:
1400:
1282:
1461:
1369:
1264:
1187:
2319:
2188:
1966:
1451:
930:
857:
827:
199:
2102:
1724:
1685:
1611:
1561:
1259:
1179:
993:
2281:
2251:
1652:
842:
822:
796:
755:
146:
1147:
1790:
1344:
1239:
937:
852:
283:
and uses the terms spiritual and sacramental communion. Communion must be followed by a thanksgiving.
2092:
1896:
1349:
1331:
806:
2271:
2168:
2056:
1659:
1528:
1321:
1316:
1161:
1035:
951:
909:
1405:
1311:
1300:
916:
279:
as experiments for their own purposes. The encyclical encourages the faithful to participate in
2207:
2063:
1901:
1719:
1701:
1554:
1474:
1446:
986:
847:
748:
408:
229:
are harmonized and united. The liturgy is regulated by the clergy and hierarchy of the church.
218:
471:
297:
feast-days, and of the meaning of the texts and sacred ceremonies employed on their occasion.
2123:
1971:
1946:
1665:
1112:
383:
commentary also pointed to liturgical developments in
Germany, which are now largely legal.
437:
2202:
2042:
1961:
1891:
1815:
1810:
1680:
1049:
923:
837:
314:
226:
1750:
371:
8:
2244:
1866:
1634:
1042:
1028:
163:
1421:
348:, many of whom were subsequently censured and silenced after Pius XII's promulgation of
2232:
2178:
2173:
2162:
1951:
1881:
1780:
1575:
888:
1886:
2140:
2128:
2013:
2008:
1941:
1851:
1836:
1494:
1484:
1084:
1056:
477:
443:
287:
245:
233:
36:
1805:
2156:
1998:
1911:
1861:
1846:
1785:
1775:
1648:
1542:
1504:
1499:
1436:
1140:
1119:
1091:
979:
958:
895:
301:
131:
102:
236:
for its content, inasmuch as it bears public witness to the faith of the Church."
2212:
2003:
1916:
1871:
1795:
1770:
1760:
1714:
1695:
1675:
1441:
1287:
1168:
1126:
1105:
972:
902:
110:
2134:
2107:
2087:
2049:
1993:
1936:
1931:
1765:
1426:
1098:
1063:
1021:
1014:
1007:
416:
355:
350:
280:
29:
2308:
2097:
1921:
1906:
1800:
1489:
771:
135:
40:
1856:
1841:
1831:
1469:
1431:
780:
Born
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, 2 March 1876 – 9 October 1958
188:
2018:
1956:
1926:
1755:
1479:
1133:
944:
359:
1521:
1000:
802:
790:
159:
1603:
1876:
1592:
395:
345:
276:
210:
could summon a little group of the faithful together, they set up an
203:
138:
on 20 November 1947. It was the first encyclical devoted entirely to
333:
of churches and altars overloaded with art-like trinkets and works.
244:
On the authority of the pope over the liturgy, Pius XII wrote: "the
2227:
195:
153:. The encyclical also emphasized the importance of the Eucharist.
866:
207:
184:
139:
52:
740:
362:) presented a highly colored interpretation of the encyclical.
150:
183:
The first part explains the nature, origin and development of
439:
An
Abundance of Graces: Reflections on Sacrosanctum Concilium
211:
784:
149:, in liturgical ceremonies and in the life of their
1549:
International
Catholic-Jewish Historical Commission
369:The Jesuit G.M. Hansens wrote in the influential
2306:
614:
286:The encyclical encourages the adoration of the
736:Encyclical Mediator Dei on the Vatican website
1619:
756:
637:
635:
162:. It was written in part in response to the
723:, St. John's Abbey, Collegeville, Minnesota
166:under way since early in the 20th century.
22:
1626:
1612:
763:
749:
632:
194:The first Christians "were preserving the
1569:Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War
442:. Chicago: Hillenbranc Books. p. 3.
239:
1633:
435:
324:
308:
2307:
530:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 23-4
1607:
744:
650:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 137.
641:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 124
611:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 102
602:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 84.
593:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 106
344:Progressive theological advocates of
2257:
2019:Pontifical Athenaeum of Saint Anselm
584:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 63
566:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 59
557:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 58
548:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 47
539:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 32
521:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 21
503:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 25
469:
178:
2287:
2197:Catholic–Eastern Orthodox relations
1691:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII
575:Pope Pius XII enc, Mediator Dei, 62
259:
225:Through prayer, the members of the
206:and their prayers." Whenever their
13:
865:
14:
2331:
1391:Apostolic constitutions and bulls
770:
729:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2238:
2226:
2193:Anglican–Roman Catholic dialogue
2184:Modernism in the Catholic Church
2024:Saint John's Abbey, Collegeville
1671:Belgian Benedictine Congregation
354:in 1950, especially in France, (
51:
1666:French Benedictine Congregation
713:
700:
687:
674:
662:
653:
644:
623:
605:
596:
587:
578:
569:
560:
476:. Ignatius Press. p. 138.
169:
680:G.M.Hanssens, "Mediator Dei",
551:
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
497:
463:
429:
1:
2189:Catholic Church and ecumenism
931:Communium interpretes dolorum
423:
232:"The entire liturgy has the
2315:Encyclicals of Pope Pius XII
1686:Sacred Congregation of Rites
1245:Pontifical Relief Commission
994:Redemptoris nostri cruciatus
339:
202:and in communication by the
7:
1653:Mass in the Catholic Church
797:Cardinal Secretary of State
401:
32:for 'Mediator God'
10:
2336:
2093:Gillespie, Kidd & Coia
1240:Jewish orphans controversy
938:Orientales omnes Ecclesias
863:
719:W. Busch, "Mediator Dei",
684:, March 1948 and May 1948.
669:Nouvelle Revue Théologique
364:Nouvelle Revue Théologique
2221:
2149:
2116:
2080:
2032:
1984:
1897:Reynold Henry Hillenbrand
1824:
1743:
1736:
1641:
1585:
1562:The Myth of Hitler's Pope
1513:
1460:
1414:
1383:
1330:
1273:
1178:
876:
816:
778:
98:
77:
69:
59:
50:
21:
2169:Klosterneuburg Monastery
2057:Mystici Corporis Christi
1660:Lex orandi, lex credendi
1529:Three Popes and the Jews
1162:Ad Apostolorum principis
1148:Le pèlerinage de Lourdes
1036:Sempiternus Rex Christus
952:Deiparae Virginis Mariae
910:Mystici Corporis Christi
436:Jackson, Pamela (2004).
2245:Vatican City portal
1255:Alleged kidnapping plot
917:Divino afflante Spiritu
227:Mystical Body of Christ
2233:Catholicism portal
2208:Second Vatican Council
2064:In cotidianis precibus
1902:Josef Andreas Jungmann
1720:Ottaviani Intervention
1702:Sacrosanctum concilium
1555:Under His Very Windows
1250:1942 Christmas address
987:In multiplicibus curis
870:
807:Saint Peter's Basilica
409:Sacrosanctum concilium
23:
1791:André-Jean Festugière
1726:Book of Common Prayer
1205:Persecution of Church
1113:Luctuosissimi eventus
869:
470:Reid, Alcuin (2005).
386:An American journal,
240:Authority of the pope
73:12 of the pontificate
16:1947 papal encyclical
2320:1947 in Christianity
2203:Crypto-Protestantism
2043:Tra le sollecitudini
1962:Maria Luise Thurmair
1816:Maurice de la Taille
1681:Liturgy of the Hours
1050:Orientales Ecclesias
924:Orientalis Ecclesiae
325:Liturgy and the arts
315:Liturgy of the Hours
309:Liturgy of the Hours
61:Signature date
1972:Cirpirano Vagaggini
1635:Liturgical Movement
1220:Catholic Resistance
1043:Ingruentium malorum
1029:Evangelii praecones
164:liturgical movement
2179:Malines Congresses
2174:Hippolytus of Rome
2163:Deutsche Singmesse
1952:Massey H. Shepherd
1947:Theodor Schnitzler
1781:Jacques Paul Migne
1536:Actes et documents
1401:Apostolic writings
1375:Fátima and Balazar
1235:Ustaše involvement
1198:conversion of Jews
889:Summi Pontificatus
871:
695:Life of the Spirit
659:Mediator Dei, 195.
392:Saint John's Abbey
377:Life of the Spirit
302:Council of Pistoia
2302:
2301:
2141:Textual criticism
2014:Maria Laach Abbey
1980:
1979:
1892:Ildefons Herwegen
1852:Thomas J. Carroll
1837:Giulio Bevilacqua
1811:Gerard van Caloen
1751:Prosper Guéranger
1601:
1600:
1514:Works on Pius XII
1360:Eastern canon law
1295:Post–World War II
1275:Foreign relations
1230:Occupied dioceses
1210:German Resistance
1085:Ad Sinarum gentem
1057:Doctor Mellifluus
848:Illness and death
412:, 4 December 1963
372:Civiltà Cattolica
288:Blessed Sacrament
246:Sovereign Pontiff
204:breaking of bread
179:Nature of liturgy
119:
118:
46:
33:
2327:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2230:
2103:Desmond Williams
2009:Mont César Abbey
1999:Beuron Archabbey
1867:Alexandre Fleury
1847:Annibale Bugnini
1786:Adrian Fortescue
1776:Lambert Beauduin
1741:
1740:
1649:Catholic liturgy
1628:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1340:Social teachings
1141:Invicti athletae
1120:Laetamur admodum
1092:Ad Caeli Reginam
1078:Ecclesiae fastos
1071:Sacra virginitas
980:Auspicia quaedam
959:Fulgens radiatur
896:Sertum laetitiae
765:
758:
751:
742:
741:
724:
717:
711:
706:"Mediator Dei",
704:
698:
693:"Mediator Dei",
691:
685:
682:Civilta Catolica
678:
672:
666:
660:
657:
651:
648:
642:
639:
630:
627:
621:
618:
612:
609:
603:
600:
594:
591:
585:
582:
576:
573:
567:
564:
558:
555:
549:
546:
540:
537:
531:
528:
522:
519:
513:
510:
504:
501:
495:
494:
492:
490:
467:
461:
460:
458:
456:
433:
260:Eucharistic cult
132:papal encyclical
103:Fulgens radiatur
65:20 November 1947
62:
55:
44:
35:
28:
26:
19:
18:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2239:
2237:
2225:
2217:
2213:Paschal mystery
2145:
2112:
2076:
2034:
2028:
2004:Maredsous Abbey
1986:
1976:
1967:Johannes Wagner
1917:Giacomo Lercaro
1882:Pierre-Marie Gy
1872:Romano Guardini
1820:
1796:Gaspar Lefebvre
1771:Pierre Batiffol
1761:Columba Marmion
1732:
1715:Mass of Paul VI
1696:Mass of Paul VI
1676:Gregorian chant
1637:
1632:
1602:
1597:
1581:
1576:The Pope's Jews
1509:
1456:
1410:
1379:
1326:
1288:Reichskonkordat
1269:
1265:Bombing of Rome
1215:Nazi euthanasia
1174:
1169:Meminisse iuvat
1155:Miranda prorsus
1127:Datis nuperrime
1106:Haurietis aquas
973:Optatissima pax
903:Saeculo exeunte
880:
878:
872:
861:
812:
781:
774:
769:
732:
727:
718:
714:
705:
701:
692:
688:
679:
675:
667:
663:
658:
654:
649:
645:
640:
633:
629:Mediator Dei 64
628:
624:
620:Mediator Dei 62
619:
615:
610:
606:
601:
597:
592:
588:
583:
579:
574:
570:
565:
561:
556:
552:
547:
543:
538:
534:
529:
525:
520:
516:
511:
507:
502:
498:
488:
486:
484:
468:
464:
454:
452:
450:
434:
430:
426:
404:
342:
327:
311:
262:
242:
181:
172:
115:
111:Optatissima Pax
106:
94:
60:
42:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2333:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2135:Versus populum
2131:
2129:People's altar
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2108:Austin Winkley
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Francis Pollen
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2050:Quam singulari
2046:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Solesmes Abbey
1990:
1988:
1987:establishments
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Mario Righetti
1939:
1937:H. A. Reinhold
1934:
1932:Johannes Pinsk
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1766:Fernand Cabrol
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:Beatifications
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1099:Musicae sacrae
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1064:Fulgens corona
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1022:Mirabile illud
1018:
1015:Humani generis
1011:
1008:Summi maeroris
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
884:
882:
877:Encyclicals in
874:
873:
864:
862:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
818:
814:
813:
811:
810:
800:
794:
788:
779:
776:
775:
768:
767:
760:
753:
745:
739:
738:
731:
730:External links
728:
726:
725:
712:
699:
686:
673:
661:
652:
643:
631:
622:
613:
604:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
550:
541:
532:
523:
514:
505:
496:
482:
462:
448:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:Musicae Sacrae
413:
403:
400:
356:Henri de Lubac
351:Humani generis
341:
338:
326:
323:
310:
307:
281:Holy Communion
261:
258:
241:
238:
234:Catholic faith
180:
177:
171:
168:
117:
116:
108:
99:
96:
95:
93:
92:
87:
81:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
57:
56:
48:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2332:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2293:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Dialogue mass
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Gerard Goalen
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Adrien Nocent
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Pierre Jounel
1910:
1908:
1907:Ronald Jasper
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Paul Doncoeur
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Edmund Bishop
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1543:Hitler's Pope
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:Galeazzi-Lisi
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Canonizations
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:The Holocaust
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
989:
988:
984:
982:
981:
977:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
963:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
935:
933:
932:
928:
926:
925:
921:
919:
918:
914:
912:
911:
907:
905:
904:
900:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:
886:
885:
883:
879:chronological
875:
868:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
815:
808:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
782:
777:
773:
772:Pope Pius XII
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
747:
746:
743:
737:
734:
733:
722:
721:Orate Fratres
716:
709:
703:
697:, April 1948.
696:
690:
683:
677:
670:
665:
656:
647:
638:
636:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
485:
483:9781586171063
479:
475:
474:
466:
451:
449:9781595250032
445:
441:
440:
432:
428:
419:
418:
414:
411:
410:
406:
405:
399:
397:
393:
389:
388:Orate Fratres
384:
382:
378:
374:
373:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:
347:
337:
334:
331:
322:
318:
316:
306:
303:
298:
294:
291:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
257:
253:
250:
247:
237:
235:
230:
228:
223:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
176:
167:
165:
161:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
136:Pope Pius XII
133:
129:
128:Mediator God
125:
124:
113:
112:
105:
104:
97:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
58:
54:
49:
45:
38:
31:
25:
20:
2161:
2133:
2081:Architecture
2071:Mediator Dei
2070:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
1985:Benedictine-
1887:Anton Hänggi
1842:Louis Bouyer
1832:Augustin Bea
1725:
1708:
1700:
1658:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1415:Appointments
1307:Persecutions
1286:
1283:Nazi Germany
1225:Roman razzia
1180:World War II
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
966:Mediator Dei
965:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
858:Canonization
720:
715:
707:
702:
694:
689:
681:
676:
668:
664:
655:
646:
625:
616:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
562:
553:
544:
535:
526:
517:
508:
499:
487:. Retrieved
472:
465:
453:. Retrieved
438:
431:
415:
407:
390:, issued by
387:
385:
380:
376:
370:
368:
363:
349:
343:
335:
330:Mediator Dei
329:
328:
319:
312:
299:
295:
292:
285:
273:Mediator Dei
272:
271:
267:
263:
254:
251:
243:
231:
224:
216:
193:
189:early Church
182:
173:
170:Introduction
155:Mediator Dei
154:
144:
127:
123:Mediator Dei
122:
121:
120:
109:
101:
24:Mediator Dei
2292:WikiProject
2157:Amay Priory
1957:Max Thurian
1927:Pius Parsch
1806:Adrien Gréa
1756:Pope Pius X
1406:Magisterium
1396:Encyclicals
1134:Fidei donum
945:Quemadmodum
843:Later years
809:(1930–1939)
799:(1930–1939)
793:(1935–1939)
787:(1939–1958)
710:, May 1948.
708:Blackfriers
512:Acts, 2:42.
381:Blackfriers
360:Yves Congar
2309:Categories
1522:The Deputy
1260:Yad Vashem
1193:statements
1001:Anni sacri
828:Nunciature
823:Early life
803:Archpriest
791:Camerlengo
424:References
160:Vatican II
134:issued by
90:In English
37:Encyclical
2282:Templates
2035:documents
1877:Benno Gut
1857:Odo Casel
1709:Consilium
1593:Pius Wars
1452:Cardinals
1422:Tisserant
1345:Mariology
853:Testament
817:Biography
489:25 August
455:25 August
396:Minnesota
346:modernism
340:Reception
277:Eucharist
219:heretical
2272:Category
2150:See also
1500:Spellman
1462:Advisers
1442:Orsenigo
1427:Maglione
1384:Writings
1332:Theology
1301:Ratlines
838:Election
833:US visit
402:See also
200:apostles
196:doctrine
85:In Latin
43:Pius XII
1642:General
1586:Related
1505:Spiazzi
1485:Lehnert
1437:Tardini
1432:Montini
1355:Liturgy
1350:Judaism
671:, 1948.
208:pastors
198:of the
185:liturgy
147:liturgy
140:liturgy
130:) is a
114: →
107:
100:←
2195:&
2117:Issues
1737:People
1728:(1979)
1495:Nogara
1490:Leiber
1447:Muench
1322:Russia
1317:Poland
480:
446:
151:parish
70:Number
2262:Media
2033:Papal
1825:Later
1744:Early
1312:China
881:order
212:altar
41:Pope
30:Latin
2252:Name
1480:Kaas
785:Pope
491:2017
478:ISBN
457:2017
444:ISBN
313:The
78:Text
1470:Bea
805:of
394:in
191:.
39:of
2311::
634:^
358:,
142:.
2199:)
2191:(
1655:)
1651:(
1627:e
1620:t
1613:v
1303:"
1299:"
1291:)
1285:(
764:e
757:t
750:v
493:.
459:.
126:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.