373:
1005:
29:
3166:
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3124:
3114:
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2481:
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1950:
1707:
361:
403:
The servants were thought to assist the ruler in the afterlife. The burial of servants with a ruler was a consistent practice in the tombs of the early first dynasty pharaohs. Large numbers of sacrificial assets were buried in her tomb complex as well, which is another honor afforded to pharaohs that
292:(Tomb Y) is unique among the otherwise exclusively male tombs. Merneith was buried close to Djet and Den. Her tomb is of the same scale as the tombs of the kings of that period. Two grave stelae bearing her name were discovered near her tomb. Merneith's name is not included in the king lists from the
414:
Abydos was the site of many ancient temples, including Umm el-Qa'ab, the royal necropolis, where early pharaohs were entombed. These tombs began to be seen as extremely significant burials and in later times it became desirable to be buried in the area, leading to the growth of the town's importance
399:
discovered
Merneith’s tomb and, because of its nature, believed it belonged to a previously unknown pharaoh. The tomb was excavated and was shown to contain a large underground chamber, lined with mud bricks, which was surrounded by rows of small satellite burials, with at least 40 subsidiary graves
253:
in a variety of seal impressions and inscribed bowls. Merneith may have been the daughter of Djer, but there is no conclusive evidence. As the mother of Den, it is likely that
Merneith was the wife of Djet. No information about the identity of her mother has been found.
284:
died, as Narmer's son was too young to rule. Her name was written on a Naqada seal inside a serekh, which was the way the kings' names were written. This would mean
Merneith may have actually been the second female in Egypt's first dynasty to have ruled as pharaoh.
426:
of
Merneith's tomb at Saqqara is the base of a stepped structure, a juxtaposition of two different methods of building. It is perhaps indicative of the fusion of northern and southern styles that was to lead, ultimately, to the
276:. The title she held, however, is debated. It is possible that her son Den was too young to rule when Djet died, so she may have ruled as regent until Den was old enough to be the king in his own right. Before her,
404:
provided the ruler with powerful animals for eternal life. This first dynasty burial complex was very important in the
Egyptian religious tradition and its importance grew as the culture endured.
3207:
3212:
337:, where her name has been found in inscriptions on stone vessels, jars, as well as seal impressions. In particular, there is one seal from Saqqara, which shows Merneith's name in a
261:
found in the tomb of her son, Den, was engraved with "King's Mother, Merneith". It also is known that Den’s father was Djet, making it likely that
Merneith was Djet’s royal wife.
315:. The seal includes Merneith on a list of the first dynasty kings. Merneith's name was the only name of a woman included on the list. All of the names on the list are the
932:
900:
3317:
3247:
1226:
422:, Merneith's tomb exhibits features that possibly preview the builders of the Third Dynasty. Concealed within the normal rectangular palace façade
264:
From Abydos comes a small ivory fragment with the remains of two figures. It is possible that they show
Merneith together with her son king Den.
539:
Dee, Michael; Wengrow, David; Shortland, Andrew; Stevenson, Alice; Brock, Fiona; Girdland Flink, Linus; Bronk Ramsey, Christopher (2013-11-08).
925:
189:. She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right, based on several official records. If this was the case and the earlier royal wife
344:
The so-called
Merneith Enclosure is a group of tombs from the cemetery at Shunet el-Zebib. These tombs are dated to the time of Merneith.
3262:
3257:
3237:
3232:
1235:
918:
3242:
2991:
3222:
1219:
699:
670:
3252:
3227:
494:"Boat Burials and Boat-Shaped Pits from their Origins to the Old Kingdom: Tradition, Continuity and Change in Early Egypt"
225:'s senior royal wife. The former meant that she would have been the great-granddaughter of unified Egypt's first pharaoh,
3217:
1964:
1738:
3202:
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2157:
1252:
3307:
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1212:
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651:
Bagnall, Roger S.; Brodersen, Kai; Champion, Craige B.; Erskine, Andrew; Huebner, Sabine R., eds. (2013-01-30).
3312:
2615:
1562:
868:
896:
Archaeologists discover 5,000-year-old wine at the tomb of Meret-Neith in Abydos - phys.org - October 9, 2023
2949:
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2587:
1307:
2840:
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2083:
453:"Radiocarbon-Based Modeling of the Reign of King den (1St Dynasty, Egypt) and the Start of the Old Kingdom"
408:
384:, the tomb belonging to Merneith was found in an area associated with other pharaohs of the first dynasty,
160:
2888:
2403:
2227:
2047:
1987:
1979:
2503:
2065:
855:
Chronicle of the
Pharaohs : the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt
3332:
3104:
2600:
1808:
493:
541:"An absolute chronology for early Egypt using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian statistical modelling"
3337:
2310:
1871:
2595:
2558:
2295:
1940:
1793:
1734:
1675:
1471:
1392:
826:
652:
205:. Her rule occurred around 2950 BC for an undetermined period. Merneith’s name means "Beloved by
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1918:
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1157:
605:
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312:
293:
8:
3024:
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814:
556:
2285:
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2073:
1929:
769:
633:
581:
521:
717:
Current
Research in Egyptology 2007 : Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference
3019:
3011:
874:
864:
735:
695:
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625:
586:
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296:. A seal containing a list of pharaohs of the first dynasty was found in the tomb of
130:
108:
288:
The strongest evidence that Merneith was a ruler of Egypt is her tomb. This tomb in
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2240:
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1690:
1529:
1167:
715:
658:
617:
576:
560:
545:
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
505:
464:
319:
of the kings. However, Merneith's name is accompanied by the title "King's Mother".
202:
772:
Une probable représentation de la reine Meret-Neith en tant que régente du roi Den
509:
2441:
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1650:
1514:
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104:
34:
1733:
2978:
2883:
2863:
2255:
1880:
1645:
1152:
688:
372:
193:
never ruled as an independent regent, Merneith may have been the first female
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2116:
2017:
1898:
1856:
1851:
1607:
1577:
1509:
1504:
1450:
1444:
1401:
1177:
1173:
979:
629:
621:
572:
517:
478:
381:
323:
301:
289:
258:
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230:
198:
182:
174:
135:
77:
878:
540:
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2416:
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2152:
2055:
2012:
1660:
1617:
1597:
1572:
1524:
1499:
1479:
1162:
590:
564:
1204:
3141:
3119:
2734:
2681:
2552:
2531:
2492:
2027:
1945:
1935:
1923:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1665:
1557:
1484:
1461:
1456:
760:
J. Tyldesley, Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt, 2006, Thames & Hudson
469:
452:
3161:
3034:
2658:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2546:
2431:
2421:
2392:
2386:
2265:
2126:
2121:
1997:
1992:
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1567:
1367:
1352:
1330:
1248:
1247:
1077:
1055:
1019:
316:
277:
190:
304:, her son. However, this list does not mention the reign of Merneith.
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2106:
1908:
1836:
1670:
1592:
1494:
1407:
989:
392:
made of stone, identifying the tomb as hers, were found at the site.
431:
of Djoser, or influenced the design of the Third Dynasty structure.
411:
that would allow her to travel with the sun deity in the afterlife.
2926:
2921:
2754:
2744:
2719:
2699:
2605:
2101:
2091:
2037:
2022:
2007:
1846:
1816:
1701:
1685:
1655:
1602:
1582:
1534:
1519:
1489:
1377:
1347:
1341:
1129:
1072:
1061:
1045:
2780:
2873:
2729:
2476:
2461:
2335:
2300:
1913:
1892:
1841:
1680:
1587:
1539:
1382:
1357:
1335:
1113:
1082:
1050:
1040:
994:
984:
964:
423:
419:
368:. Tombs of the pharaohs of the first and second dynasty of Egypt.
334:
330:
297:
194:
142:
28:
3165:
3155:
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3135:
3123:
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2704:
2480:
2471:
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2280:
2269:
2032:
1949:
1861:
1706:
1612:
1193:
1103:
959:
650:
338:
307:
A few other pieces of evidence exist elsewhere about Merneith:
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955:
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214:
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112:
538:
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is believed to have ruled in the same way after her husband
272:
Merneith is believed to have become ruler upon the death of
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2002:
1635:
974:
969:
348:
273:
246:
242:
222:
218:
123:
67:
2381:
684:
682:
446:
444:
940:
852:
679:
606:"Cheikh Anta Diop's Two Cradle Theory: Revisited"
441:
3299:
827:"Tombs of kings of the First and Second Dynasty"
791:Topographical Bibliography; Volume V Upper Egypt
859:. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson. pp.
450:
355:
322:Merneith’s name may have been included on the
1220:
926:
498:International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
347:Merneith's name was found on objects in king
3318:Queens consort of the First Dynasty of Egypt
732:The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt
407:Inside her tomb archaeologists discovered a
376:Plan of the main chamber of Merneith's tomb.
1234:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
1227:
1213:
933:
919:
27:
580:
468:
3192:
745:
491:
371:
359:
850:
713:
3300:
2810:
2182:
1763:
1277:
451:Quiles, Anita; Tristant, Yann (2023).
313:seal found in the tomb of her son, Den
3191:
2779:
2151:
1732:
1268:
1246:
1208:
914:
901:Wine jars from her grave from Abydos.
603:
694:Routledge; 1 edition (14 Jun 2001)
654:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
13:
241:Merneith is linked with the kings
14:
3349:
889:
3164:
3154:
3144:
3134:
3122:
3112:
3097:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3057:
3047:
3037:
2479:
2369:
2268:
1948:
1705:
1003:
730:Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton:
663:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah15112
300:, the third known pharaoh after
33:Tomb stela of Merneith from the
844:
819:
808:
797:
782:
763:
492:Vanhulle, Dorian (2023-11-14).
942:First Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
724:
707:
644:
597:
532:
485:
1:
734:. Thames & Hudson, 2004,
510:10.1080/10572414.2023.2264551
434:
311:Merneith’s name appears on a
229:. She was also the mother of
221:'s daughter and was probably
170:
91:
56:
604:Allen, Troy D. (July 2008).
267:
7:
356:Tombs at Abydos and Saqqara
10:
3354:
1739:Second Intermediate Period
851:Clayton, Peter A. (1994).
805:Tomb of Merneith at Abydos
3198:
3187:
3010:
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2940:
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2801:
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2690:
2672:
2614:
2586:
2571:
2502:
2402:
2226:
2211:
2173:
2169:
2158:Third Intermediate Period
2147:
2082:
2064:
2046:
1978:
1963:
1870:
1807:
1792:
1754:
1750:
1728:
1626:
1548:
1470:
1435:
1420:
1391:
1321:
1306:
1264:
1253:First Intermediate Period
1242:
1186:
1138:
1122:
1091:
1033:
1012:
1001:
948:
236:
213:contains symbols of that
141:
129:
119:
98:
87:
83:
73:
63:
52:
41:
26:
21:
3308:30th-century BC pharaohs
1257: (<3150–2040 BC)
794:Griffith Institute. p.55
622:10.1177/0021934706290354
610:Journal of Black Studies
351:'s tomb in Umm el-Qa'ab.
333:(Nr 3503, 16 x 42 m) in
2296:Menhet, Menwi and Merti
1941:Khenemetneferhedjet III
1236:Queens of Ancient Egypt
3002:Eurydice II of Macedon
1919:Khenemetneferhedjet II
906:MERNEITH (MERYT-NEITH)
565:10.1098/rspa.2013.0395
377:
369:
215:ancient Egyptian deity
3313:30th-century BC women
1904:Khenemetneferhedjet I
714:Griffin, Ken (2008).
657:(1 ed.). Wiley.
375:
363:
329:Items from the great
3193:Dynastic genealogies
2869:Khedebneithirbinet I
1743: (2040–1550 BC)
1249:Protodynastic Period
1158:Den seal impressions
778:13, 2020, p. 211-215
692:Early dynastic Egypt
689:Wilkinson, Toby A.H.
217:. She may have been
2162: (1550–664 BC)
557:2013RSPSA.46930395D
470:10.1017/RDC.2023.15
2786:Hellenistic Period
2286:Merytre-Hatshepsut
2246:Ahmose-Henuttamehu
551:(2159): 20130395.
378:
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3290:
3183:
3182:
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3174:
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2790: (664–30 BC)
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2566:
2207:
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2143:
2142:
2139:
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1959:
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1415:
1302:
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1202:
1201:
815:Egypt solar boats
720:. pp. 1–158.
700:978-0-415-26011-4
672:978-1-4051-7935-5
233:, her successor.
197:and the earliest
153:
152:
3345:
3333:Regents of Egypt
3189:
3188:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3138:
3126:
3116:
3105:Cleopatra Selene
3101:
3091:
3081:
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3065:Cleopatra I Syra
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3041:
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2807:
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2791:
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2776:
2649:Nesitanebetashru
2644:Nesitaudjatakhet
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2517:Iset Ta-Hemdjert
2483:
2373:
2272:
2251:Ahmose-Meritamun
2241:Ahmose-Sitkamose
2236:Ahmose-Nefertari
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2200:
2193:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2149:
2148:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1952:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1781:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1730:
1729:
1709:
1691:Ankhesenpepi III
1530:Khamerernebty II
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1295:
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1275:
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1205:
1168:MacGregor plaque
1007:
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788:Porter and Moss
786:
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770:Matthieu Bégonː
767:
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743:
728:
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721:
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705:
686:
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648:
642:
641:
601:
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584:
536:
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529:
489:
483:
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472:
448:
415:as a cult site.
203:recorded history
172:
93:
58:
31:
19:
18:
3353:
3352:
3348:
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3346:
3344:
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3338:Female pharaohs
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3194:
3171:
3006:
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2954:
2936:
2893:
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2789:
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2759:
2686:
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2610:
2577:
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2442:Maathorneferure
2398:
2366:Neferneferuaten
2217:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2176:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2131:
2078:
2060:
2042:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1866:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1712:
1696:Ankhesenpepi IV
1651:Ankhesenpepi II
1622:
1544:
1515:Khamerernebty I
1466:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1387:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1238:
1233:
1203:
1198:
1182:
1148:Narmer macehead
1140:
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1118:
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1029:
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944:
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687:
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649:
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602:
598:
537:
533:
490:
486:
449:
442:
437:
397:Flinders Petrie
358:
270:
239:
173:2950 BC) was a
115:
37:
17:
16:Regent of Egypt
12:
11:
5:
3351:
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3325:
3320:
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2999:
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2895:
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2884:Nakhtubasterau
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Mehytenweskhet
2860:
2858:
2849:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2573:3 Intermediate
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2218:(1550–1070 BC)
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1970:(1802–1550 BC)
1965:2 Intermediate
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1881:Neferitatjenen
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1799:(2040–1802 BC)
1794:Middle Kingdom
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1735:Middle Kingdom
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:Ankhesenpepi I
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1427:(2686–2181 BC)
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1313:(3150–2686 BC)
1308:Early Dynastic
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Narmer palette
1150:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1034:Queen consorts
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1002:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
952:
950:
946:
945:
938:
937:
930:
923:
915:
909:
908:
903:
898:
891:
890:External links
888:
885:
884:
869:
843:
818:
807:
796:
781:
762:
744:
723:
706:
678:
671:
643:
616:(6): 813–829.
596:
531:
484:
463:(2): 485–504.
439:
438:
436:
433:
400:for servants.
357:
354:
353:
352:
345:
342:
327:
320:
269:
266:
238:
235:
158:(also written
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
102:
100:
96:
95:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
54:
50:
49:
39:
38:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3350:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Den (pharaoh)
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3190:
3186:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3152:Cleopatra VII
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:Cleopatra III
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:Takahatenamun
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:(1069–664 BC)
2574:
2570:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Isetnofret II
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Ahmose Inhapy
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:Khentkaus III
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Meresankh III
1508:
1506:
1505:Hetepheres II
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:Djeseretnebti
1448:
1446:
1445:Hetephernebti
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1139:Artefacts and
1137:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1011:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
957:
954:
953:
951:
947:
943:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
917:
916:
913:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
880:
876:
872:
866:
862:
857:
856:
847:
832:
831:Digital Egypt
828:
822:
816:
811:
804:
800:
792:
785:
779:
777:
773:
766:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
741:
740:0-500-05128-3
737:
733:
727:
719:
718:
710:
704:
701:
697:
693:
690:
685:
683:
674:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
647:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
600:
592:
588:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
488:
480:
476:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
445:
440:
432:
430:
425:
421:
416:
412:
410:
409:funerary boat
405:
401:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
374:
367:
362:
350:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
324:Palermo Stone
321:
318:
314:
310:
309:
308:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
283:
279:
275:
265:
262:
260:
255:
252:
248:
244:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:queen regnant
196:
192:
188:
187:First Dynasty
184:
183:Ancient Egypt
180:
176:
168:
164:
162:
157:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
3131:Cleopatra VI
3129:
3110:Berenice III
3095:Cleopatra IV
3075:Cleopatra II
2997:Parysatis II
2846:(664–332 BC)
2825:
2750:Atakhebasken
2664:Tadibast III
2639:Tashedkhonsu
2551:
2542:Tawerettenru
2512:Tiy-Merenese
2491:
2391:
2377:Ankhesenamun
2364:
2197:
1928:
1891:
1879:
1778:
1700:
1661:Meritites IV
1618:Nimaathap II
1598:Meresankh IV
1573:Khentkaus II
1563:Neferhetepes
1525:Hekenuhedjet
1500:Meresankh II
1480:Hetepheres I
1449:
1400:
1362:
1340:
1292:
1163:Abydos boats
1123:Other people
1060:
1024:
854:
846:
835:. Retrieved
830:
821:
810:
799:
790:
784:
775:
771:
765:
731:
726:
716:
709:
691:
653:
646:
613:
609:
599:
548:
544:
534:
501:
497:
487:
460:
456:
429:Step Pyramid
417:
413:
406:
402:
394:
386:Umm el-Qa'ab
379:
366:Umm el-Qa'ab
364:Cemetery B,
306:
287:
271:
263:
256:
240:
166:
159:
155:
154:
105:Umm El Qa'ab
35:Umm el-Qa'ab
3142:Berenice IV
3120:Cleopatra V
3055:Arsinoe III
3045:Berenice II
2992:Stateira II
2969:(332–30 BC)
2964:Hellenistic
2782:Late Period
2735:Tabekenamun
2682:Karomama II
2553:Baketwernel
2532:Duatentopet
2493:Anuketemheb
2213:New Kingdom
2154:New Kingdom
1946:Sobekneferu
1924:Neferthenut
1822:Neferukayet
1666:Inenek-Inti
1558:Khentkaus I
1485:Meritites I
1462:Meresankh I
1457:Djefatnebti
1422:Old Kingdom
457:Radiocarbon
317:Horus names
294:New Kingdom
282:King Narmer
185:during the
167:Meryt-Neith
148:1st Dynasty
64:Predecessor
3302:Categories
3162:Arsinoe IV
3035:Arsinoe II
3025:Berenice I
2950:Stateira I
2659:Karomama I
2629:Penreshnes
2601:Mutnedjmet
2547:Nubkhesbed
2432:Isetnofret
2422:Tanedjemet
2393:Nebetnehat
2387:Mutnedjmet
2266:Hatshepsut
2127:Ahhotep II
2122:Sitdjehuti
2097:Sobekemsaf
2074:Mentuhotep
1998:Senebhenas
1993:Nubhetepti
1930:Meretseger
1887:Neferu III
1568:Meretnebty
1368:Seshemetka
1353:Nakhtneith
1331:Neithhotep
1078:Seshemetka
1056:Nakhtneith
1020:Neithhotep
870:0500050740
837:2008-01-15
435:References
278:Neithhotep
209:" and her
191:Neithhotep
3283:Ptolemaic
3030:Arsinoe I
3012:Ptolemaic
2932:Parysatis
2912:Artystone
2879:Tentkheta
2826:uncertain
2537:Henutwati
2457:Nebettawy
2452:Bintanath
2447:Meritamen
2437:Henutmire
2427:Nefertari
2360:Meritaten
2355:Nefertiti
2346:Tadukhipa
2331:Gilukhipa
2321:Mutemwiya
2311:Nefertari
2261:Mutnofret
2198:uncertain
2112:Ahhotep I
2107:Tetisheri
1909:Nofret II
1837:Neferu II
1779:uncertain
1671:Nedjeftet
1593:Nebunebty
1495:Khentetka
1408:Nimaathap
1293:uncertain
1172:Mastabas
1141:monuments
1092:Officials
990:Semerkhet
638:144524456
630:0021-9347
573:1364-5021
526:265239069
518:1057-2414
479:0033-8222
395:In 1900,
268:Biography
74:Successor
3248:21 to 23
3020:Eurydice
2927:Damaspia
2922:Amestris
2755:Malaqaye
2745:Naparaye
2720:Peksater
2700:Pebatjma
2634:Maatkare
2624:Karomama
2606:Karimala
2596:Tentamun
2559:Tentamun
2102:Haankhes
2092:Nubemhat
2038:Satsobek
2023:Nubkhaes
2008:Senebsen
1847:Henhenet
1817:Neferu I
1702:Nitocris
1686:Udjebten
1656:Nubwenet
1641:Khuit II
1603:Setibhor
1583:Reptynub
1535:Rekhetre
1520:Persenet
1490:Henutsen
1378:Serethor
1363:Merneith
1348:Herneith
1342:Khenthap
1130:Ahaneith
1073:Serethor
1062:Khenthap
1046:Herneith
1025:Merneith
949:Pharaohs
879:31639364
591:24204188
504:: 1–19.
156:Merneith
103:Tomb Y,
22:Merneith
2874:Takhuit
2820:Pharaoh
2812:Dynasty
2730:Qalhata
2477:Twosret
2462:Merytre
2336:Sitamun
2301:Nebsemi
2192:Pharaoh
2184:Dynasty
1914:Khenmet
1893:Keminub
1842:Ashayet
1773:Pharaoh
1765:Dynasty
1681:Iput II
1588:Khuit I
1540:Bunefer
1383:Betrest
1358:Penebui
1336:Benerib
1287:Pharaoh
1279:Dynasty
1187:Capital
1114:Meriiti
1083:Betrest
1051:Penebui
1041:Benerib
1013:Regents
985:Anedjib
965:Hor-Aha
774:, in̊ː
742:, p.140
582:3780825
553:Bibcode
424:mastaba
420:Saqqara
335:Saqqara
331:mastaba
257:A clay
195:pharaoh
175:consort
169:; died
143:Dynasty
94:2950 BC
59:2965 BC
53:Regency
2987:Roxana
2979:Argead
2917:Parmys
2907:Atossa
2889:Ladice
2803:Period
2715:Khensa
2705:Tabiry
2472:Takhat
2281:Satiah
2256:Ahmose
2175:Period
2033:Abetni
1988:Nofret
1862:Kemsit
1756:Period
1636:Iput I
1613:Khenut
1270:Period
1194:Thinis
1104:Hemaka
960:Narmer
877:
867:
738:
698:
669:
636:
628:
589:
579:
571:
524:
516:
477:
390:stelae
388:. Two
382:Abydos
339:serekh
290:Abydos
249:, and
237:Family
227:Narmer
179:regent
177:and a
163:-neith
120:Spouse
99:Burial
43:Regent
2899:XXVII
2674:XXIII
2654:Kapes
2412:Sitre
2316:Iaret
2291:Nebtu
2228:XVIII
2018:Ineni
1899:Senet
1857:Kawit
1852:Sadeh
1676:Neith
1608:Nebet
1402:Menka
1373:Semat
1178:S3504
1174:S3503
1109:Sabef
1068:Semat
956:Menes
861:24-25
833:. UCL
702:p.74
634:S2CID
522:S2CID
211:stele
207:Neith
161:Merit
131:Issue
113:Egypt
109:Sohag
47:Egypt
3328:Djer
2942:XXXI
2856:XXVI
2841:Late
2784:and
2725:Arty
2710:Abar
2616:XXII
2527:Tiye
2522:Tyti
2487:Tiaa
2417:Tuya
2350:Kiya
2341:Iset
2326:Tiye
2306:Tiaa
2276:Iset
2156:and
2084:XVII
2056:Tati
2013:Tjan
2003:Neni
1980:XIII
1737:and
1176:and
1099:Amka
995:Qa'a
975:Djet
970:Djer
875:OCLC
865:ISBN
776:ENiM
736:ISBN
696:ISBN
667:ISBN
626:ISSN
587:PMID
569:ISSN
514:ISSN
475:ISSN
349:Djer
298:Qa'a
274:Djet
259:seal
247:Djet
243:Djer
223:Djet
219:Djer
165:and
124:Djet
88:Died
68:Djet
2692:XXV
2588:XXI
2404:XIX
2382:Tey
2066:XVI
2048:XIV
2028:Aya
1936:Aat
1872:XII
1832:Tem
1827:Iah
1437:III
1251:to
980:Den
659:doi
618:doi
577:PMC
561:doi
549:469
506:doi
465:doi
418:At
380:At
302:Den
251:Den
231:Den
201:in
181:of
136:Den
78:Den
45:of
3304::
3278:31
3273:30
3268:27
3263:26
3258:25
3253:24
3243:20
3238:19
3233:18
3228:12
3223:11
2504:XX
2348:/
1809:XI
1628:VI
1472:IV
1393:II
873:.
863:.
829:.
747:^
681:^
665:.
632:.
624:.
614:38
612:.
608:.
585:.
575:.
567:.
559:.
547:.
543:.
520:.
512:.
502:53
500:.
496:.
473:.
461:65
459:.
455:.
443:^
245:,
171:c.
111:,
107:,
92:c.
57:c.
3218:4
3213:3
3208:2
3203:1
1550:V
1323:I
1228:e
1221:t
1214:v
958:/
934:e
927:t
920:v
881:.
840:.
675:.
661::
640:.
620::
593:.
563::
555::
528:.
508::
481:.
467::
341:.
326:.
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