1158:
1435:
1375:, who wished to take advantage of the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, between Andronikos II's great-grandson John V and John VI Kantakouzenos, in order to invade the empire and conquer Thessaloniki. In his will from 1372, John II claimed that Andronikos II's deposition in 1328 by his grandson Andronikos III (John V's father) had been unlawful and thus disqualified Andronikos III and all his heirs from the legitimate line of succession to the throne of Byzantium. John II also pointed out that since Andronikos II had disinherited Andronikos III, John II was thus the rightful emperor as the only true heir to Andronikos II. John II even petitioned the Papacy to recognize his claims to Thessaloniki and to the empire, and to help him conquer them. An expedition to "recover" these territories was never organized.
1146:
Morea, represented little more than a nuisance to Mehmed II and they were thus allowed to keep their titles and lands as
Ottoman vassals. Under their rule, the Morea was transformed into somewhat of a Byzantine government-in-exile, as Byzantine refugees from Constantinople and elsewhere fled to their courts, some even wishing to proclaim Demetrios, the elder brother, as Constantine's successor and the new Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans. The brothers were divided in their policies. Thomas retained hope that the Papacy might yet call for a crusade to restore the Byzantine Empire whereas Demetrios, probably the more realistic of the two, had more or less given up hope of Christian aid from the West and believed it to be best to placate the Turks.
1229:, recognized Andreas as the rightful heir of the old emperors. Andreas and Manuel soon faced financial problems, with the pension once provided to their father having been split between the two of them and constantly cut back by the Papacy. Andreas attempted to sell his claims to various Byzantine titles to earn money, but since Manuel did not have any claims to sell (as he was the second son), he instead travelled around Europe hoping to enter into the service of some noble. After not receiving any satisfactory offers, Manuel surprised the establishment in Rome by travelling to Constantinople in 1476 and presenting himself before Sultan Mehmed II. The sultan generously received him and Manuel stayed in Constantinople for the rest of his life.
1348:
1367:, would be sent to live among, and rule over, Latins, was bad enough but there were also fears that he and his descendants might become 'Latinized' and that the Italians, as a result of the Montferrat inheritance, could launch an invasion in the future in hopes of placing a Catholic Palaiologos on the Byzantine throne. In the end, Andronikos II's fourth son (in order to not jeopardize the line of succession), Theodore, was chosen to travel to Montferrat, arriving there in 1306. Byzantine fears of Latinization became true; Theodore converted to Catholicism and on his visits to Constantinople, Theodore shocked the Byzantines with his shaven face and Western customs.
1296:
1017:
2040:
849:
712:
1616:
1739:
55:
1857:
474:, was viewed as heresy and treason. Though Constantine XI died in communion with Rome (and thus as a "heretic"), his death in battle against the Ottomans, defending Constantinople, made the Greeks and the Orthodox church remember him as a hero, redeeming popular opinion of the dynasty as a whole. The role of the Palaiologoi as the final Christian dynasty to rule over Greek lands also accorded them a more positive remembrance among Greeks during the period of Ottoman rule.
1570:
1150:
the war against his brother as a holy war against the
Muslims, caused Mehmed to invade the Morea in 1460. Mehmed was victorious and annexed the region directly into the Ottoman Empire, ending Palaiologan rule in Greece. Demetrios surrendered to the Ottomans without a fight and Thomas escaped into exile. Demetrios lived in the Ottoman Empire for the rest of his life, dying in 1470. His only child, his daughter Helena, never married the sultan nor entered the sultan's
504:
2144:
1459:, died in the battle, whereas others were taken prisoner and executed. Nobles that could escape mostly did, many fleeing to the Morea where they had estates. There, they faced a dilemma. The Byzantine Empire had fallen and the rulers of the Morea, Thomas and Demetrios, appeared more interested in their own rivalry than in organizing resistance against the Ottomans. As such, many of them escaped into Western Europe either before or after the Morea fell in 1460.
884:
1127:
12714:
1903:
2140:. In the eyes of the Orthodox church, Constantine's death sanctified him and he died a hero. As Ottoman rule continued, many Greeks dreamed of a day when a new emperor would once more rule a sizeable Greek domain. Some even believed that Constantine XI would return to rescue them, that he was not actually dead but merely asleep, awaiting a call from the heavens to return and restore Christian control over Constantinople.
1463:
Western rulers were conscious of their failure to prevent
Byzantium's fall and welcomed these men at their courts. The refugees were helped in that many in Western Europe would have been unaware of the intricacies of Byzantine naming customs; to Western Europeans, the name Palaiologos meant the imperial dynasty. Though such Palaiologoi, imperial or not, were mainly concentrated in northern Italy, such as in
1103:, who became sultan in 1451, was obsessed with the idea of conquering Constantinople. In an effort to extort money from Mehmed, Constantine implicitly threatened to release Orhan Çelebi, Mehmed's cousin and the only other known living member of the Ottoman dynasty (and as such a potential rival to Mehmed), who was held prisoner in Constantinople. The ill-advised threat gave Mehmed a
1836:, having helped the Greek refugees there achieve permission to construct the San Giorgio dei Greci church in the first place, and his family was highly regarded by the locals. Theodore's descendants and relatives lived on in Venice and its territories long after his death. His nephew, Zuanne Paleologo, and two of Zuanne's sons, died on Cyprus, fighting the Ottomans during the 1570
1308:
asserted their right not only to the position of Roman emperor but also to a church independent of the one centered in Rome. The Popes in the immediate aftermath of the Latin Empire's fall pursued a policy of attempting to assert their religious authority over the
Byzantine Empire. Some Western pretenders who wished to restore the Latin Empire, such as the King of Sicily,
2172:, inquiring if descendants of Ferdinand Paleologus still lived on the island. The letter supposedly requested that if that was the case, the head of the family should be provided with the means of returning to Greece, with the trip paid for by the Greek government. Ultimately, the delegation's search was in vain and they found no living embodiments of their lost empire.
1049:(1396) failing to stop the sultan. The situation was so dire that Manuel left Constantinople to travel around Western Europe asking for further aid against the Ottomans, visiting Italy, France and England. Ultimately, the siege was resolved peacefully by Manuel through signing a peace treaty with Bayezid's son and successor,
454:, and partly due to frequent civil wars between members of the Palaiologos family. By the beginning of the 15th century, the emperors had lost any real power, with the empire effectively having become a client state to the new Ottoman Empire. Their rule of the empire continued until 1453 when Ottoman sultan
1462:
Many
Byzantine refugees, though unrelated to the emperors, legitimately bore the name Palaiologos due to the extensive nature of the family. Because the name could lend whoever bore it prestige (as well as possible monetary support), many refugees fabricated closer links to the imperial dynasty. Many
1451:
had been relatively widespread in the
Byzantine Empire, and the family had been quite extensive before a branch of it acceded to the imperial throne. Many of the non-imperial Byzantine Palaiologoi were part of the nobility and served as generals or powerful landowners. In addition to the non-imperial
1145:
In the aftermath of
Constantinople's fall, one of the most pressing threats to the new Ottoman regime was the possibility that one of Constantine XI's relatives would secure support and return to reclaim the empire. However, it soon became apparent Constantine's closest relatives, his brothers in the
859:
The
Palaiologoi ruled Byzantium at its weakest point in history, and the empire underwent significant economical and political decline. Even in this state, the empire, famous for its frequent civil wars, was unable to stay united. In 1320, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos attempted to disinherit his
1319:
in 1274, legitimizing him and his successors as rulers of
Constantinople in the eyes of the West. Michael's son and successor Andronikos II wished to further legitimize the rule of the Palaiologan dynasty. Other crusader states had been formed in Greece as a result of the Fourth Crusade, notably the
2184:, omitting many children and descendants of female members of the dynasty. Most marriages that did not produce children are also omitted. Emperors are indicated with bold text and women are indicated with italics. Dotted lines indicate illegitimate offspring. Family trees for related families (i.e.
2095:
Though
Michael's successor Andronikos II quickly repudiated the Union of the Churches, many of the Palaiologan emperors worked to ensure its restoration. As the Ottoman Empire grew to encompass more and more Byzantine territory, emperors such as John V and Manuel II labored intensely to restore the
1307:
When the Byzantines reconquered Constantinople in 1261 under Michael VIII Palaiologos, the Papacy suffered a loss of prestige and endured severe damage to its spiritual authority. For 57 years, Constantinople had been under Catholic rule through the Latin Empire and now the easterners had once more
733:
in the Empire of Nicaea. Through the preceding century or so of Palaiologan marriages to other imperial families, his ancestry could be traced back to the three most recent dynasties that had ruled the empire before the Fourth Crusade (Doukas, Komnenos and Angelos). In his youth, Michael had served
687:
The Palaiologoi's many marriages with prominent Byzantine families was reflected in their choice of surnames, with earlier members of the imperial dynasty using the surnames of several of the previous ruling dynasties to reinforce their legitimacy. For instance, Michael VIII Palaiologos's full name
485:
until 1536 and died out in 1566. Because the family was extensive before it produced emperors, the name Palaiologos was legitimately held not only by nobles part of the actual imperial dynasty. As a result, many Byzantine refugees who fled to Western Europe in the aftermath of Constantinople's fall
2121:
Behold how our merciful and omniscient Lord has managed to preserve the integrity of our holy Orthodox faith and to save (us) all; he brought forth out of nothing the powerful Empire of the Ottomans, which he set up in the place of our Empire of the Romaioi, which had begun in some ways to deviate
2067:
During most of their tenure as Byzantine emperors, the Palaiologan dynasty was not well-liked by their subjects. Not only were the means the family had used to gain the throne grim, but their religious policy alienated many within the empire. The Palaiologan emperors aspired to reunite the Eastern
1548:
Because people with the name live throughout the world and might not even be related in the first place, creating an all-encompassing modern Palaiologos genealogy is next to impossible. It is possible that many of the modern people who bear the name are descended from wealthy Greeks in the Ottoman
1209:
of calling for a crusade against the Ottomans. Though Pius II was eager to go through with the idea, and Thomas rode around Italy in the hopes of drumming up support for the venture, no crusade materialized this time either. Thomas died on 12 May 1465 and shortly thereafter Zoe, Andreas and Manuel
1149:
In January 1459, rivalry between the brothers broke out into civil war as Thomas, with the aid of some of the Albanian lords in the Morea, seized a series of fortresses held by Demetrios. The ongoing civil war, and the possibility that Thomas could receive aid from the West since he had proclaimed
1609:
The absence of any mentions of John Palaiologos in contemporary sources means that the Paleologus family's status as genuine male-line descendants of the last few Byzantine emperors can not be proven, but it is not impossible. None of their own contemporaries appear to have doubted their imperial
1370:
Theodore's descendants, the Palaeologus-Montferrat family, ruled at Montferrat until the 16th century, though they were sometimes given Greek names, such as Theodore and Sophia, most of the Palaiologan Marquises of Montferrat paid little attention to affairs in the eastern Mediterranean. The only
2100:
in 1439, Emperor John VIII reaffirmed the Union in the light of imminent Turkish attacks on what little remained of his empire. To the Byzantine citizens themselves, the Union of the Churches, which to John VIII served as an assurance of a great western crusade against the Ottomans, was a death
1091:
Through most of John VIII's reign, Constantine and Thomas ruled as Despots of the Morea, with Demetrios governing a stretch of land in Thrace. Demetrios was unhappy with his subordinate position and assaulted Constantinople in 1442, with Ottoman help, in an attempt to seize the city and become
2024:
Modern researchers overwhelmingly dismiss the existence of Rogerio as fantasy, given his clearly Italian first name, the unlikelihood of a potential imperial heir being kept as a hostage in Italy and that there are no mentions of such a figure in Byzantine records. The contemporary historian
814:, as Byzantine emperors had been before the city was lost to the crusaders. John IV, the last representative of the imperial Laskaris dynasty, was pushed aside in order to consolidate the Palaiologos family on the throne. On John IV's eleventh birthday, 25 December 1261, the boy was deposed,
2020:
The Paleologo Mastrogiovanni family is an extant family in Italy, but their claimed family history mainly derives from oral tradition, with few documents supporting it. None of the documents have been authenticated and there are several issues with the overall reconstruction of events and
2135:
There is no evidence that the final emperor, Constantine XI, ever repudiated the union achieved at Florence in 1439. Many of his subjects had chastised him as a traitor and heretic while he lived and he, like many of his predecessors before him, died in communion with the Church of Rome.
1938:
of Romania, claiming to be the descendants of an otherwise unattested son of Theodore II Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea, called Emanuel Petrus (Manuel Petros in Greek). The Paleologu also live in Malta and France, one of the most famous members of the family being the French diplomat
1092:
emperor himself. John VIII, aided by Constantine, successfully repulsed this attack and Demetrios was briefly imprisoned as punishment. After John VIII's death in June 1448, the candidates for the throne were brothers Constantine, Demetrios and Thomas. To avoid infighting, their mother
399:, served as a commander there in the second half of the 11th century. Over the course of the 12th century, the Palaiologoi were mostly part of the military aristocracy, not recorded as occupying any administrative political offices, and they frequently intermarried with the then ruling
1967:
Some Italian genealogies from the 17th century onwards ascribe further sons to Thomas Palaiologos, in addition to both Andreas, Manuel and the unverified John. Notably, these include a supposed older son called Rogerio or Ruggerio, supposedly born around 1430 and sent as a hostage to
2164:, the provisional government of liberated Greece sent a delegation to Western Europe in search of possible descendants of those imperial Palaiologoi that had escaped into exile. The delegation visited places in Italy where Palaiologoi were known to have resided and even came to
2029:, who described the life of Thomas Palaiologos in detail, wrote on the birth of Andreas Palaiologos on 17 January 1453 that the boy was "a continuator and heir" of the Palaiologan lineage, a phrase which makes little sense if Andreas was not Thomas's first-born son.
1763:
was the only major non-Muslim power in the Eastern Mediterranean, it represented an appealing destination for Byzantine refugees as the empire fell. Numerous people with the last name Paleologus are recorded in Venice in the 15th and 16th centuries, many serving as
1844:. The 1570 will of Demetri Paleologo, a son of Theodore, begins with "Io Demetri Palleollogo, da Constantinopoli ...". Over a century had passed since Constantinople, a city Demetri had never seen, had fallen and yet he retained lingering dreams of the city.
490:
of many supposedly surviving branches of the imperial dynasty have readily been dismissed as fantasy by modern researchers. Various lineages of non-imperial Palaialogoi, whose relation to the medieval Palaiologoi and each other are unclear, survived into the
1872:
Some nobles with the last name Palaiologos remained in Ottoman Constantinople, and even prospered in the immediate post-conquest period. In the decades after 1453, Ottoman tax registers show a consortium of noble Greeks co-operating to bid for the lucrative
548:
of Viterbo. Such stories were popularized by later obscure Palaiologoi who had settled in northern Italy and were tempted to invent an ancestral link with the last Byzantine Emperors. Another tale maintained that the ancestors of Palaiologoi were among the
642:
In the 12th century, the Palaiologoi were mainly recorded as members of the military aristocracy, not occupying any administrative political offices. They are recorded numerous times as donors to monasteries, and intermarried several times with the
2136:
Nevertheless, Constantine's actions during the Fall of Constantinople and his death fighting the Turks redeemed the popular view of the Palaiologan dynasty. The Greeks forgot or ignored that Constantine had died a "heretic", many considering him a
2092:. When Michael VIII died in 1282 he died condemned as a traitor and a heretic by his people, who saw him as someone who had bullied them into submission under the Church of Rome. He was denied the traditional funeral pomps of an Orthodox Emperor.
1446:
The probable extinction of the senior branch of the imperial Palaiologos family at some point in the 16th century did little to stop individuals in various parts of Europe from claiming descent from the old imperial dynasty. The family name
997:, imprisoning his father and his younger brother. John V retook the throne in 1379 but reached an agreement with Andronikos in 1381, wherein Andronikos was to succeed him as emperor, passing over Manuel. Andronikos died in 1385 and his son,
442:, John IV was deposed and blinded. Michael's successors ruled the Byzantine Empire at its weakest point in history, and much of the Palaiologan period was a time of political and economic decline, partly due to external enemies such as the
1847:
A man by the name Andrea Paleologo Graitzas, attested in Venice in 1460, supposedly has living descendants, with numerous people with the last name Palaiologos (or variations thereof) living in Athens today claiming to descend from him.
1821:. Due to his knowledge of the Turkish language, Theodore also accompanied Venetian ambassadors in diplomatic missions to the Ottoman Empire, visiting Constantinople several times. He died in 1532, being buried in the Orthodox church of
1552:
Some might be genuine descendants of the imperial family as several of the imperial Palaiologoi are recorded as having had illegitimate children; for instance, Theodore II, Despot of the Morea, is known to have had several illegitimate
2155:
Beyond Constantine's martyrdom, the Palaiologos dynasty had a lasting impact on the Greeks throughout the centuries of Ottoman rule, having been the last family to govern independent Greek lands. As late as the 19th century, after the
1076:, though the Byzantines successfully repulsed him. Even during the final decades of the Byzantine Empire, the Palaiologoi often found it difficult to cooperate with each other. During Manuel II's reign, John VIII and the younger son
2122:
from the path of the Orthodox faith; and he raised this Empire of the Ottomans above every other in order to prove beyond doubt that it came into being by the will of God .... For there is no authority except that deriving from God.
1452:
Palaiologoi that were descendants of older collateral lines, Byzantine genealogy is also made complicated by the fact that it was common in Byzantium to adopt the family name of your spouse or mother, if that was more prestigious.
1886:, both of whom were reportedly nephews to Constantine XI Palaiologos and had been forced to convert to Islam after Constantinople's fall, as well as with other converted scions of Byzantine and Balkan aristocratic families like
775:, recalled Michael in 1258 and after they had exchanged guarantees of safety and oaths of loyalty, Michael returned to service within the empire. Theodore II died in that same year and was succeeded by his eight-year-old son
1581:
The Paleologus family in Pesaro, attested from the early 16th century onwards, claimed descent from 'John Palaiologos', a purported third son of Thomas Palaiologos. Their genealogy mainly derives from the tombstone of
973:, an important victory as the region was quickly becoming the most important Byzantine province. The Byzantine civil wars, and the collapse of Stefan Dušan's Serbian Empire following his death in 1355, had allowed the
595:, possibly referencing humble origins, whereas the French Byzantinist Jean-François Vannier believes the correct etymology to be "antique collector". The earliest known member of the family, possibly its founder, was
977:
to expand almost unopposed through the Balkans and in the second half of the 14th century, the empire passed almost without a fight under Ottoman sovereignty, forced to pay tribute and offer military aid if needed.
462:, died in the city's defense. During their rule as emperors, the Palaiologoi were not well-liked by their subjects, mostly on account of their religious policy. The repeated attempts by the emperors to reunite the
2080:", which remains a term in Greek to taunt converts to Catholicism to this day. The union was passionately opposed by the Byzantine people and of Byzantine rulers not actually under Michael VIII's control, such as
956:
as co-emperor. Clearly intending to usurp the throne, a new series of civil wars from 1352 to 1357 were eventually won by John V, deposing the Kantakouzenoi. In 1382, the Kantakouzenoi were also driven out of the
1877:
district including Constantinople and the ports of western Anatolia. This group included names like "Palologoz of Kassandros" and "Manuel Palologoz". This group stood in close contact with two powerful viziers,
1770:(mercenary light-armed cavalrymen of Greek or Albanian origin). Venetian documents frequently refer to their "strenuous" prowess in service to the Venetian Republic. Venice had first become interested in hiring
2068:
Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church of Rome, to ensure legitimacy in the eyes of the West and in an attempt to secure aid against the many enemies of their empire. Michael VIII succeeded in a union at the
1114:(who had raided the Morea twice before) to devastate the peninsula. Constantine also sent desperate pleas for aid to Western Europe, though little help ever arrived. After a 53-day long siege, the city finally
1274:
1520–1566) and is not believed to have had children of his own. Thus, the documented male line of the imperial branch of the House of Palaiologos probably went extinct at some point in the early 16th century.
1109:
and late in 1451, preparations were already underway for a new Ottoman siege of Constantinople. To prevent aid coming from the Morea, now governed by Thomas and Demetrios, Mehmed II sent one of his generals,
1603:
As such, it is possible that Allatius had access to earlier documents, now lost, which would have proven the legitimacy of the Pesaro line. Allatius gives the sons of Thomas as "Andrea, Manuele and Ioanne".
810:, restoring the city to Byzantine rule after almost sixty years in foreign hands. After the recapture of the capital and the restoration of the Byzantine Empire, Michael took care to be crowned emperor in
1498:. This link gave a certain degree of prominence to several obscure Palaiologoi who had settled in Italy during the late Middle Ages, and was held as an argument that the family had its roots in the city.
1157:
1921:, one of Emperor Manuel II's sons and Despot of Thessaloniki. Their descent is questionable since there is no surviving contemporary evidence that Andronikos had children. That Andronikos suffered from
1781:
The Venetian Palaiologoi were not related to the imperial family, but they might have been distant cousins. One of the earliest references to Palaiologoi in Venice is a 1479 Senate decision concerning
1442:. Its Latin inscription reads: "Michael Palaiologos of Viterbo; from this family the first Emperor of Constantinople, 1260"; a reference to the fictional origin of the family from the city of Viterbo.
1004:
Though most of the Palaiologan era was defined by decline and war, it was also an age of cultural flourishing, beginning in the late 13th century. Advances in science and the arts, referred to as the
872:, not ended until 1328, ensued. Although Andronikos III was ultimately victorious and Andronikos II was deposed, the empire was damaged economically and for the first time, foreign states such as
1037:
By the 15th century, the Byzantine emperors had lost any real power, with the Ottoman sultans increasingly becoming the real regulators of political matters within the empire. Despite their
1630:
In 1578, the members of the family living in Pesaro were embroiled in a scandal as brothers Leonidas and Scipione Paleologus, and their nephew Theodore, were arrested for attempted murder.
12802:
10883:
1060:
There was peace between the Palaiologans and the Ottomans until 1421, when Mehmed I died and Manuel retired from state affairs, to pursue scholarly and religious interests. Manuel's son,
1096:
decided that Constantine was to be the next emperor. Constantine XI Palaiologos's rise to the throne was also accepted by Murad II, who by now had to be consulted for any appointments.
1545:(approximately 250 people, most common in Italy). These modern Palaiologoi cannot be confidently proven to descend from the imperial dynasty, or the medieval family which produced it.
2117:, wrote that the Ottoman Empire had been imposed by God himself as the supreme empire on Earth due to the heretical dealings of the Palaiologan emperors with Christians in the West.
1205:. The local authorities on Corfu were not eager to house the despot out of fear of provoking the Ottomans, so Thomas soon left the island and travelled to Rome, hoping to convince
477:
The last certain members of the imperial line of the Palaiologoi died out in the 16th century, but female-line descendants survive to the present day. A cadet branch in Italy, the
9351:
1248:, Duke of Milan, in 1499 might also have been a son of Andreas. Andreas's brother Manuel died in Constantinople at some point during the reign of Mehmed II's son and successor
11593:
1962:(predecessors of Romania) by the Ottomans. The Phanariots sent to Wallachia and Moldavia included people with the last name Palaiologos, ancestors of the Paleologu family.
1405:, which had also intermarried with the Palaeologus-Montferrat family in the past, in the 18th century. The name "Montferrato-Paleologo" is recorded on the Greek island of
1728:
records. She was the last recorded member of the family and, if their claim to descend from the imperial dynasty was true, the last true heir of the Palaiologan emperors.
6914:
1294 – after 1336) and Theodora Palaiologina (born 1295; died young). In addition to these children, Andronikos II also had three illegitimate daughters; Irene (wife of
1263:, probably named after Manuel's brother. Manuel's son Andreas converted to Islam and might have served as an Ottoman court official. He is last attested in the reign of
8985:
1221:. As the oldest son, Andreas was recognized by the Papacy as Thomas's heir and the rightful Despot of the Morea. From the 1480s onwards, Andreas also claimed the title
1001:
briefly managed to usurp the throne in 1390. Following this, Manuel II was firmly established as John V's successor, becoming senior emperor upon John's death in 1391.
1332:. In an effort to rid himself of the threat that an Aleramici pretender might launch an invasion and attempt to seize Thessaloniki in the future, Andronikos married
746:
dynasty. In 1253, Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes accused him of plotting against the throne, though Michael escaped the accusation without punishment following a
9823:
1417:
1312:, periodically enjoyed Papal support, and several Popes considered the idea of calling for a new crusade against Constantinople to once more impose Catholic rule.
8871:
2200:
etc.) simplified, with multiple figures omitted, see their articles for more detailed charts. The family tree only follows the imperial branch of the family.
1589:
With the sole exception of Thomas's purported son John, the existence of the rest of Theodore's immediate ancestors can be verified through records at Pesaro.
11826:
928:, lasting until 1347 and won by John Kantakouzenos, who became senior co-emperor as John VI. The weakening of Byzantium as a result of the civil war allowed
2168:, where Theodore Paleologus had lived in the 17th century. Local tradition on Barbados has it that the delegation also sent a letter to the authorities on
1041:
submission under the Ottomans, the Byzantines continued to act with hostility against them. In 1394, Manuel II ceased to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan
6051:
1434:
10806:
1633:
What happened to Scipione is not known, but Leonidas was executed. On account of his young age, Theodore was exiled from Pesaro rather than executed.
1529:'Palaiologos' as a last name continues to survive to this day in various variants. Common versions of the last name used today include the standard
12753:
9474:
9752:
Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Walther, Rainer; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja; Kislinger, Ewald; Leontiadis, Ioannis; Kaplaneres, Sokrates (1976–1996).
8847:
840:
visited the blinded and then 33-year-old John IV during a journey in Anatolia, hoping to demonstrate his disapproval with his father's actions.
12702:
11056:
10957:
10464:
10187:
9754:
4586:
1502:
mentions a story, according to which the family, originally Romans who arrived in Constantinople in the 4th century, moved to Italy during the
1340:, the marriage had the unexpected result of creating the possibility that a Byzantine prince might inherit Montferrat. When Yolande's brother,
701:
361:
2088:, the ruler of Epirus. Despite Michael VIII's efforts, the union was disrupted in 1281, after just seven years, when he was excommunicated by
1946:
The ancestry of the Paleologu can be traced to Greeks with the name Palaiologos, but not to the imperial family. In the 18th century, several
12390:
10967:
10900:
10428:
6797:
10915:
10910:
10486:
6895:
9272:
6757:
4867:
3368:
576:
clans, who also used stories of ancient Roman descent to bolster their prestige and somewhat legitimize their claims to the throne of the
11991:
10977:
10952:
10671:
10558:
6457:
5278:
783:, who had been appointed regent by Theodore II. Michael seized the guardianship of the child emperor and was invested with the titles of
767:, frequent enemies of the empire, and from 1256 to 1258 he was the commander of the Christian mercenaries fighting for the Seljuk Sultan
12342:
12325:
10982:
10962:
10522:
10517:
10433:
10402:
6813:
4862:
4851:
3869:
1828:
Theodore had married Maria, a daughter of a man by the name Demetrios Kantakouzenos. That he could marry a genuine member of the noble
1336:
in 1284, bringing her dynastic claims to Thessaloniki into his own family line. Since Yolande was second-in-line to the throne of the
1217:, also a Byzantine refugee. In 1472, according to Bessarion's plans, Zoe (whose name was later changed to Sophia) was married to Duke
993:, as his successor instead. However, Andronikos eventually escaped from prison and successfully took the throne in 1376 with aid from
821:
Once news of the act, the blinding of not only the legitimate emperor, but an underage boy, got out, the Patriarch of Constantinople,
12041:
11887:
11859:
11503:
11495:
10972:
10905:
10630:
10371:
10339:
9809:
6021:
3854:
3608:
3354:
2472:
2101:
warrant for their empire. John VIII had betrayed their faith and as such their entire imperial ideology and world view. The promised
1918:
1515:
1455:
Many Byzantine nobles found themselves in Constantinople in 1453, fighting against the Ottomans in their final attack. Some, such as
751:
667:
1363:
The Byzantine aristocracy were less than eager of sending one of Andronikos II's sons to claim Montferrat. That a Byzantine prince,
375:
The origins of the family are unclear. Their own medieval origin stories ascribed them an ancient and prestigious origin in ancient
12237:
11598:
10676:
6468:
3002:
1841:
1775:
1397:, married to Federico II, died in 1566, rendering the Montferrat cadet branch extinct. Her and Federico II's descendants, with the
1174:
9777:[The First Palaiologoi. Genealogical and Prosopographical Study]. In Cheynet, Jean-Claude; Vannier, Jean-François (eds.).
1506:
and one of them married in Viterbo. Later, a soldier of the family was said to have come from Viterbo to Greece in the aid of the
12086:
10717:
10469:
10418:
6879:
4144:
1237:
9247:
948:. In the meantime, John VI Kantakouzenos attempted to consolidate his own dynasty on the imperial throne, marrying his daughter
12566:
12091:
10527:
9017:
6903:
6840:). Michael also had two illegitimate daughters by his mistress of the Diplovatatzina family: Euphrosyne Palaiologina (married
12490:
11250:
11243:
10799:
10723:
10173:
9790:
9618:
9236:
5195:
2110:
1236:, employed in the Papal Guard and dead in 1508 was his son. According to Russian sources, he might also have had a daughter,
1233:
742:
in Thrace, and though he and his family were distinguished among the aristocracy, he was frequently mistrusted by the ruling
583:
In contrast to these ancient and prestigious origin stories, the Palaiologoi probably actually originated relatively late in
12746:
12242:
12101:
11389:
6825:
986:
925:
869:
11233:
10735:
10594:
10532:
6805:
6753:
5734:
4159:
1549:
period, who commonly assumed Byzantine surnames and claimed descent from the famous noble houses of their Byzantine past.
1383:
1260:
1045:, who responded by besieging Constantinople. Bayezid's siege lasted for more than a decade, with Western aid through the
829:
Michael. The emperor's excommunication was not lifted until nine years into his reign, upon the appointment of Patriarch
170:
9687:
1606:
It would be difficult to explain why Allatius, a respected scholar, would simply make up a member of an ancient dynasty.
1008:, lasted throughout the dynasty's rule, encouraged by the efforts of some emperors such as Andronikos II and Manuel II.
880:
had appeared as significant regulating factors in imperial dynastic disputes (joining opposite sides of the civil war).
12571:
11984:
9718:
9697:
9673:
9599:
9379:
9184:
9148:
9086:
9027:
8929:
1644:
1429:
1379:
750:
of holding a red-hot iron. Though Michael continued to be mistrusted even after this, he married John III's grandniece
365:
153:
12672:
11238:
10474:
9763:
9742:
9577:
9553:
9527:
9460:
9291:
9257:
9127:
9051:
8976:
8857:
7022:
6883:
1600:
and would have had access to its vast collection of books and records and might have deduced his findings from there.
568:'s new capital in 330. This origin story is similar to the traditions of other Byzantine noble families, such as the
8962:"Organo di informazione del Circolo Culturale "I Marchesi del Monferrato" "in attesa di registrazione in Tribunale""
1347:
11735:
10792:
1782:
1743:
495:
and thousands of people, particularly in Greece, still have the last name Palaiologos, or variants thereof, today.
9076:
1596:, who wrote in 1648, too late for his works to be considered independent evidence. Allatius was the keeper of the
12739:
12707:
12529:
11061:
10829:
10548:
7017:
5209:
6935:
Maria was ancestral to later members of the Gattilusio family and their descendants. She was the grandmother of
12677:
12667:
12539:
12460:
12278:
12146:
11718:
11662:
11583:
11450:
10376:
9282:
8950:
8942:
Genealogies of Barbados families: from Caribbeana and the Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society
3813:
3631:
1519:
1372:
1073:
868:(Andronikos III's father). Andronikos III secured the support of a significant number of the aristocracy and a
1592:
The earliest record of John's existence other than Theodore's tombstone are the writings of the Greek scholar
12534:
12524:
12439:
12194:
11979:
10323:
3012:
1390:
1341:
989:. John V was initially victorious, imprisoning and disinheriting Andronikos IV and appointing a younger son,
11414:
9708:
12918:
12608:
12576:
12480:
12189:
12161:
11969:
11508:
10355:
7071:. Scholars are divided on whether the family's descent is genuine, likely, plausible, unproven or unlikely.
6956:
1393/8 to before 1405) and Michael Palaiologos(1406/7–1409/10), both of whom died young, and 1–2 daughters.
3506:
2085:
1080:
appear to have got on well with each other, but the relations between Constantine and the younger brothers
852:
486:
possessed the name and in order to earn prestige, some fabricated closer links to the imperial family. The
222:
1154:, possibly because the sultan feared that she would poison him. She predeceased her father, dying in 1469.
12867:
12332:
11974:
11821:
11578:
11329:
1801:
for the Ottomans in the Morea. In 1478, Theodore travelled to Venice with his father, Paul, and became a
435:
17:
9497:
12652:
12598:
12337:
12209:
12199:
11899:
11779:
11657:
11588:
11476:
11445:
11288:
11228:
10635:
10512:
10392:
10274:
10216:
9689:
The Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it
9427:
9405:
6915:
6031:
4812:
3824:
1865:
1134:
1077:
1020:
914:
861:
830:
614:
459:
212:
133:
9611:
Render Unto the Sultan: Power, Authority, and the Greek Orthodox Church in the Early Ottoman Centuries
12512:
12036:
11892:
11677:
11568:
11455:
10579:
10496:
10423:
10244:
10204:
10166:
9037:
6801:
5647:
4177:
4130:
3163:
2157:
1833:
982:
837:
836:
The blinding of John IV was a stain on the Palaiologan dynasty. In 1284, Michael's son and successor
573:
8849:
The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century
1887:
11811:
11563:
11050:
10929:
10661:
10563:
10397:
10256:
10198:
9335:
6969:
and Cleopha de Lusignan. Cleopha died in infancy and Helena's line died out with Charlotte in 1487.
6420:
5291:
3839:
3793:
1511:
1264:
1232:
Andreas died poor in Rome in 1502. Whether he had any children is uncertain. It is possible that a
715:
681:
671:
553:
423:
119:
9043:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
1295:
12766:
12717:
12141:
11867:
11687:
11573:
10625:
5998:
2161:
2069:
1969:
1832:
family indicates that he held a certain noble status. Theodore was one of the key players in the
1321:
1316:
1016:
1005:
873:
443:
356:
family that rose to power and produced the last and longest-ruling dynasty in the history of the
9544:
The Immortal Emperor: The life and legend of Constantine Palaiologos, last Emperor of the Romans
2105:, the fruit of John VIII's labor, ended only in disaster as it was defeated by the Turks at the
1909:(d. 1944), a French diplomat of Romanian origin who claimed descent from the Palaiologos dynasty
1201:, and a retinue of other refugees, accompanied him as he escaped to the Venetian-held island of
897:
1347–1354) nearly succeeded in deposing the Palaiologos dynasty in favor of his own family, the
591:. The etymology of their family name was believed to be "ragman" by Soviet-American Byzantinist
12642:
12232:
12074:
11518:
11324:
11298:
11293:
11066:
11042:
11038:
11005:
10751:
10589:
10479:
10459:
10291:
10210:
10110:
7051:
6891:
5722:
5265:
4559:
2453:
1687:
1456:
1356:
1300:
1290:
1115:
966:
865:
803:
651:
596:
478:
404:
396:
369:
279:
217:
111:
12887:
9986:
8961:
8940:
12360:
12214:
11404:
11314:
11278:
11163:
10893:
10888:
10640:
10620:
10584:
10268:
10262:
10237:
10229:
9896:
6041:
5988:
5712:
4793:
2127:
2114:
2039:
1822:
1586:(d. 1636), which lists Theodore's male-line ancestors five generations back, reaching Thomas.
1409:
until the 17th century, though it is uncertain how they were connected to the Italian family.
1344:, died without children in 1305, Montferrat legitimately passed to Yolande and her children.
1333:
1081:
1061:
990:
953:
921:
887:
815:
561:
463:
384:
234:
145:
9004:
Enepekides, P. K. (1960). "Das Wiener Testament des Andreas Palaiologos vom 7. April 1502".
1940:
1906:
419:
family, where they continued to play an active role and occupied many offices of high rank.
12882:
12603:
12586:
12407:
12166:
12131:
12014:
11951:
11946:
11481:
11424:
10729:
10615:
10438:
10250:
10159:
9877:
9013:
7450:
7448:
7064:
6940:
6837:
6833:
5966:
2375:
2337:
2081:
2073:
1662:
1620:
1564:
1503:
1241:
1100:
1046:
998:
822:
791:
772:
606:
455:
10151:
9431:
1064:, co-emperor since before 1416, ignored the fragile peace with the Ottomans and supported
391:
upon its foundation in 330. It is more likely that they originated significantly later in
8:
12832:
11513:
11429:
11419:
11283:
11046:
11034:
10921:
10686:
10681:
10666:
10599:
10133:
9587:
9102:
Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations
7003:
were not her descendants, originating as in-laws rather than descendants of the Rurikids.
6966:
6829:
6518:
6495:
6444:
5662:
5223:
4192:
3329:
2985:
2097:
1718:
1583:
1574:
1499:
1337:
1315:
Michael VIII succeeded in achieving a union of the Catholic and Orthodox churches at the
1182:
1178:
1162:
1138:
970:
949:
659:
630:
482:
190:
75:
59:
9409:
9065:
8872:"Eine Verfügung des Paläologen Chass Murad-Pasa von Mitte Regeb 876 = Dez./Jan. 1471-72"
7445:
6809:
848:
12842:
12807:
12782:
12591:
12581:
12455:
12126:
12009:
11926:
11789:
11141:
11121:
11101:
11091:
10857:
10691:
10645:
10553:
10443:
10307:
10222:
9855:
9542:
9450:
9313:
9211:
9190:
7068:
6906:) and Isaac Palaiologos (born 1299; died young). The couple also had the two daughters
6845:
6527:
6509:
6071:
6061:
5238:
2662:
2623:
2148:
1891:
1760:
1753:
1541:(approximately 500 people, most common in the United States but present worldwide) and
1394:
1387:
1364:
1352:
1309:
1218:
1214:
1198:
1186:
1166:
1130:
1085:
933:
906:
622:
618:
610:
182:
141:
6482:
1809:, though he later ceded it to another family. In 1495, Theodore partook in a siege of
1190:
12862:
12822:
12817:
12792:
12787:
12713:
12647:
12552:
12485:
12465:
12433:
12365:
12352:
12273:
12268:
12019:
11784:
11634:
11153:
11106:
11096:
11086:
10761:
9827:
9796:
9786:
9759:
9738:
9714:
9693:
9669:
9649:
9614:
9595:
9573:
9549:
9523:
9456:
9437:
9415:
9375:
9304:(1968). "A Byzantine Prince Latinized: Theodore Palaeologus, Marquis of Montferrat".
9287:
9277:
9267:
9253:
9232:
9180:
9144:
9123:
9106:
9082:
9047:
9023:
8946:
8925:
8853:
6996:
6430:
2672:
2026:
1986:
1954:
quarter of Constantinople) were granted governing positions in the principalities of
1658:
1615:
1413:
1226:
1031:
994:
877:
756:
592:
242:
8907:
8887:
1099:
Constantine XI's reign would prove to be brief. Murad II's young son and successor,
1065:
779:. Just a few days after Theodore's death, Michael led a coup against the bureaucrat
431:
12827:
12797:
12517:
12310:
12258:
12204:
12171:
12121:
11914:
11904:
11682:
11370:
11262:
11185:
11168:
11146:
11131:
11116:
11030:
10815:
10756:
10696:
10143:
10070:
9847:
9683:
9096:
8902:
6936:
6866:
6011:
5977:
2102:
1929:, and that he died at a young age, makes it unlikely that he married and had a son.
1883:
1861:
1837:
1714:
1523:
1398:
1194:
776:
764:
735:
676:
663:
644:
577:
508:
427:
412:
357:
350:
284:
71:
5694:
5672:
1093:
711:
12837:
12662:
12495:
12475:
12470:
12425:
12415:
12375:
12370:
12320:
12315:
12096:
11702:
11619:
11614:
11354:
11344:
11180:
11174:
11158:
11136:
11126:
11111:
9732:
9661:
9643:
9639:
9629:
9567:
9517:
9138:
9100:
9041:
7000:
4574:
4529:
2106:
1798:
1738:
1648:
1597:
1371:
Marquis to seriously consider using his Byzantine connection was Theodore's son,
1245:
1068:, a pretender to the Ottoman throne, in a rebellion against Mehmed I's successor
826:
780:
747:
666:, where they played an active role and continued to occupy offices of high rank.
647:
during its rule over the Byzantine Empire (1081–1185). When the crusaders of the
467:
10005:
1724:
Nothing is known of Godscall's life, the only record of her existence being her
929:
12812:
12777:
12500:
12380:
12113:
11872:
11766:
11752:
11551:
11255:
11010:
10774:
10087:
10083:
10030:
9839:
9774:
9728:
9301:
8867:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7262:
6820:
1263–after 1310). The couple also had three more daughters; Anna Palaiologina (
2644:
2181:
2089:
2072:
in 1274, which formally reunited the churches after more than two centuries of
1992:
Rogerio was supposedly survived by his two children John (Giovanni) and Angela.
1402:
974:
945:
648:
588:
557:
523:
515:
451:
447:
408:
388:
332:
309:
79:
9758:(in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
9419:
9390:
9327:
Greece Reinvented: Transformations of Byzantine Hellenism in Renaissance Italy
9110:
7260:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7242:
522:
The origins of the Palaiologos family are unclear. According to several later
54:
12912:
12420:
12297:
12263:
12001:
11936:
11909:
11794:
11409:
11349:
10099:
9831:
9800:
9441:
9061:
6992:
4827:
4780:
2197:
1934:
Another family which claims to descend from the old imperial dynasty are the
1922:
1829:
1654:
Theodore lived in England for the rest of his life and fathered six children,
1637:
1118:
to the Ottomans on 29 May 1453. Constantine XI died fighting in its defense.
985:
rebelled against his father in an attempt to seize the throne, instigating a
910:
898:
492:
9932:
9914:
9895:
9202:
Harris, Jonathan (2013). "Despots, Emperors, and Balkan Identity in Exile".
7454:
12181:
12156:
12136:
11941:
11919:
11774:
11022:
11017:
10851:
10049:
10043:
9968:
9563:
9537:
9513:
9493:
9470:
9225:"El fin de Constantinopla y las supuestas herencias nobiliarias bizantinas"
9194:
7239:
6979:
6923:
6862:
2044:
1977:
1972:
of Aragon and Naples. Supposedly, Rogerio was responsible for erecting the
1856:
1805:. For his merits in the service of Venice, Theodore was granted the island
1699:
1593:
1206:
1169:
and titular 'Emperor of Constantinople' from the 1480s to his death in 1502
1054:
811:
807:
655:
635:
565:
550:
439:
380:
10784:
9950:
9653:
8888:"Crusading and Matrimony in the Dynastic Policies of Montferrat and Savoy"
1225:('Emperor of Constantinople'). Some Byzantine refugees, such as historian
796:
729:
Michael Palaiologos, born in 1223, was the son of Andronikos Palaiologos,
654:
in 1204 and overthrew the Byzantine Empire in favor of the new, Catholic,
12731:
12682:
12657:
12151:
11961:
11728:
11334:
11319:
10701:
9785:] (in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. pp. 133–186.
9367:
2143:
2052:
1879:
1874:
1569:
1510:
Emperors, where he married and had his son, allegedly the future Emperor
1111:
1105:
962:
376:
9317:
9215:
1913:
Numerous people with the last name Palaiologos, living on the island of
1704:
1673:, where he became known as the "Greek prince from Cornwall" and owned a
1471:, other Greek refugees travelled across Europe, many ending up in Rome,
883:
11956:
11816:
11806:
11639:
11629:
11339:
9859:
9734:
The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century
7487:
6849:
6841:
2000:
1947:
1818:
1406:
1329:
1259:
1481–1512). Manuel had two sons; John Palaiologos, who died young, and
1249:
785:
768:
621:, married Anna Doukaina and thus supported the Doukas family and later
503:
9352:"The Palaiologos Family After 1453: The Destiny of an Imperial Family"
2077:
1126:
763:
After John III's death in 1254, Michael briefly took service with the
514:
in the 9th century. The Palaiologos family may have originated in the
12505:
12385:
11877:
11745:
11692:
11624:
10122:
9140:
An Elizabethan Assassin: Theodore Paleologus: Seducer, Spy and Killer
8143:
8046:
7041:
Last confidently verified member of the imperial Palaiologos dynasty.
1955:
1935:
1902:
1766:
1748:
1694:
1670:
1325:
1042:
545:
487:
395:
since the earliest known member of the family, possibly its founder,
9851:
9666:
Lost Capital of Byzantium: The History of Mistra and the Peloponnese
9224:
1917:
in Greece, have historically claimed descent from a supposed son of
1490:
was forged based on a specious etymological connection of the Latin
12892:
12872:
12852:
12031:
11931:
11882:
11740:
11672:
11460:
10491:
10059:
9159:
8918:"Surviving Exile: Byzantine Families and the Serenissima 1453–1600"
8917:
6907:
2189:
2169:
2165:
1959:
1926:
1774:
after witnessing the prowess of Greek and Albanian soldiers in the
1666:
1624:
1507:
1069:
1050:
937:
743:
625:, Anna's brother-in-law, against Botaneiates. George served as the
584:
511:
416:
400:
392:
353:
9775:"Les premiers Paléologues. Étude généalogique et prosopographique"
9519:
Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations
9411:
The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1556)
8823:
12896:
12857:
12762:
12397:
12283:
12224:
11723:
11697:
11375:
10129:
10106:
10066:
2193:
2180:
In order to conserve space, the family tree focuses on people of
2004:
1794:
1725:
1487:
1486:
A special link between the family of Palaiologos and the city of
1439:
527:
46:
8513:
8511:
6792:
Michael VIII and Theodora also had the sons Manuel Palaiologos (
1665:, escaping the war, settled on the recently colonized island of
864:, despite the death of Andronikos II's son, heir and co-emperor
609:
in the second half of the 11th century, in the reign of Emperor
526:, the family had originated in Italy, supposedly in the city of
12847:
12026:
11801:
11667:
9985:
8811:
8661:
8637:
8167:
8155:
7372:
7370:
7357:
7355:
7274:
6978:
Helena was ancestral to numerous Italian families, notably the
2185:
2137:
2058:
1996:
1982:
1943:, who in his lifetime repeatedly asserted his imperial descent.
1864:, an Ottoman statesman and possibly illegitimate son of one of
1814:
1810:
1806:
1786:
1674:
1472:
1468:
1464:
941:
739:
569:
9286:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1557.
8179:
7841:
6882:(1286–1307), Bartholomaios Palaiologos (b. 1289; died young),
470:, and thus place the Byzantine church in submission under the
9019:
The Traveller's Tree: A Journey through the Caribbean Islands
8787:
8508:
8191:
7733:
7089:
7087:
6919:
5178:
2076:. Michael VIII was taunted with the words "you have become a
2061:
2055:
1951:
1914:
1678:
1480:
1476:
1438:
16th-century fresco in Sala Regia of the Palazzo dei Priori,
1202:
1151:
958:
795:. On 1 January 1259, Michael was proclaimed as co-emperor at
336:
322:
313:
9160:"A Worthless Prince? Andreas Palaeologus in Rome, 1465-1502"
8535:
8208:
8206:
7367:
7352:
458:
conquered Constantinople and the final Palaiologan emperor,
12305:
10181:
9452:
Theodore Spandounes: On the Origins of the Ottoman Emperors
9067:
The History of Greece under Othoman and Venetian Domination
8799:
8673:
8523:
7817:
1537:(approximately 2,000 people, again most common in Greece),
1213:
In Rome, the three children were taken care of by Cardinal
471:
9229:
Aires de grandeza: Hidalgos presuntos y Nobles de fantasía
8589:
8579:
8577:
7340:
7084:
2151:
depicting the Palaiologos cypher and a double-headed eagle
9336:"Su alcune discendenze moderne dei Paleologi di Bisanzio"
8763:
8203:
7721:
7328:
1686:
Ferdinand died in 1670 and was survived only by his son,
1401:
name, ruled Montferrat until they were supplanted by the
1244:, referred to as the "son of the Despot of the Morea" by
1053:, in 1403, which among other things returned the city of
601:
9824:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
8753:
8751:
8690:
8688:
8552:
8550:
8445:
8443:
7955:
7894:
7892:
7853:
7769:
7711:
7709:
7672:
7670:
7280:
6861:
Irene was ancestral to many of the later members of the
2043:
15th century minature of a double-headed eagle with the
1636:
Following his exile, Theodore established himself as an
1382:, died in 1533 and rule of Montferrat was then given to
633:
in the reign of Alexios I and was accorded the title of
8574:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8394:
8392:
8377:
8223:
8221:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8092:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8078:
8065:
8063:
8061:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8018:
7945:
7943:
7805:
7621:
7619:
7570:
7568:
7555:
7553:
7540:
7538:
7399:
7397:
7292:
7227:
7193:
7191:
7189:
6878:
With Yolande of Montferrat, Andronikos II had the sons
1057:, captured by the Ottomans in 1387, to Byzantine rule.
909:
inherited the throne. Disputes between John V's mother
725:
1259–1282), founder of the imperial Palaiologos dynasty
403:
family, increasing their prestige. When Constantinople
9222:
9105:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
8233:
8052:
8034:
7631:
7477:
7475:
7316:
7304:
7150:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7102:
1640:
and appears to have garnered an impressive reputation.
855:
adopted by the Palaiologos dynasty in the 14th century
9631:
The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography
9046:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
9006:
Akten des 11. Internat. Byzantinisten-Kongresses 1958
8748:
8724:
8712:
8685:
8649:
8625:
8601:
8562:
8547:
8496:
8484:
8472:
8440:
8428:
8416:
8365:
8003:
7991:
7967:
7889:
7793:
7757:
7745:
7706:
7694:
7682:
7667:
7643:
7604:
7592:
7580:
7215:
7140:
7138:
1533:(approximately 1,800 people, most common in Greece),
9993:. Asia Minor: Foundation of the Hellenic World. 2008
9737:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
8736:
8700:
8455:
8404:
8389:
8218:
8131:
8119:
8102:
8075:
8058:
8015:
7979:
7940:
7928:
7916:
7904:
7877:
7865:
7829:
7655:
7616:
7565:
7550:
7535:
7523:
7511:
7433:
7421:
7409:
7394:
7203:
7186:
7162:
7125:
7123:
6982:, which went extinct in 1884, and their descendants.
2096:
union, much to the dismay of their subjects. At the
1894:
termed a "Greek faction" at the court of Mehmed II.
1197:, but the three younger children, and Thomas's wife
530:. As per this version, the family name Palaiologos (
9931:
9913:
8613:
8353:
8245:
8173:
8161:
7499:
7472:
7382:
7174:
7099:
1785:, who had recently proven himself in a campaign in
1121:
905:When Andronikos III died in 1341, his underage son
9967:
9842:(1969). "The Byzantine Legacy and Ottoman Forms".
9572:(Second ed.). London: Rupert Hart-Davis Ltd.
9541:
9271:
9231:(in Spanish). Madrid: Dykinson. pp. 245–262.
8986:"Sophia of Montferrat, or The History of One Face"
8341:
8329:
8317:
8305:
8293:
8281:
8269:
8257:
8185:
7781:
7460:
7135:
7065:Paleologus family of Pesaro, Cornwall and Barbados
368:lasted almost two hundred years, from 1259 to the
9949:
9078:Mapping European Empire: Tabulae imperii Europaei
8775:
8197:
7120:
1710:Theodore had a son, who probably predeceased him,
760:of the Latin mercenaries employed by the empire.
12910:
7455:Encyclopaedia Britannica – Manuel II Palaeologus
969:was placed to govern it as the semi-independent
564:when the city was founded and designated as the
341:), also found in English-language literature as
9400:(in Italian). No. 69/2001. pp. 32–34.
8922:Wanted: Byzantium: The Desire for a Lost Empire
8920:. In Nilsson, Ingela; Stephenson, Paul (eds.).
843:
11175:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
9755:Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit
8945:. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company.
1423:
702:Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
12747:
10800:
10682:Sophia Palaiologina, Grand Princess of Moscow
10167:
9608:
8517:
1793:. Born in 1452, and probably originally from
1789:. Theodore had a well-documented career as a
1011:
802:On 25 July 1261, Nicene forces under general
580:, the Roman Empire's medieval continuation.
1950:(members of prominent Greek families in the
917:on one side and Andronikos III's friend and
10814:
10444:Maria Palaiologina, Khatun of the Ilkhanate
9095:
8924:. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
8679:
8667:
8643:
7847:
7823:
7376:
7361:
7346:
7334:
690:Michael Komnenos Doukas Angelos Palaiologos
415:, a Byzantine successor state ruled by the
12761:
12754:
12740:
10807:
10793:
10523:Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
10174:
10160:
9569:The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453
9003:
7739:
1897:
799:, probably without John IV being present.
680:(commander-in-chief), probably by Emperor
9706:
9648:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9522:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9455:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9436:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8983:
8906:
8769:
7961:
1355:(d. 1566), the last living member of the
1284:
1072:. Murad defeated Mustafa's rebellion and
12888:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
10777:who are independently notable are shown.
10677:Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia
10549:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Trebizond
9660:
9638:
9388:
8866:
8595:
8583:
8541:
7811:
7637:
7233:
7093:
6808:, ancestral to the later members of the
2142:
2038:
1901:
1855:
1851:
1797:in the Morea, Theodore was originally a
1737:
1643:In 1599, he entered into the service of
1614:
1568:
1433:
1346:
1294:
1156:
1125:
1015:
882:
847:
710:
502:
12063:
10564:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
10419:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
9875:
9838:
9822:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki:
9772:
9627:
9586:
9333:
9266:
9245:
9227:. In Barrios, F.; Alvarado, J. (eds.).
8959:
8938:
8845:
8829:
8805:
8793:
8631:
8607:
8556:
8529:
8466:
8383:
8239:
8040:
7322:
7310:
7298:
7168:
7144:
1558:
987:fourth series of Palaiologan civil wars
540:"old word") was a Greek translation of
247:(Montferrat lineage, lineages in exile)
14:
12911:
10718:Maria Palaiologina, Princess of Vereya
10518:Anna Palaiologina, Despotess of Epirus
9807:
9727:
9682:
9475:"The Byzantine View of Western Europe"
9426:
9404:
9349:
9324:
9223:Hernández de la Fuente, David (2019).
9201:
9174:
9157:
9117:
9074:
9060:
9012:
8885:
8817:
8227:
8212:
8137:
8069:
8009:
7997:
7973:
7898:
7799:
7763:
7751:
7727:
7715:
7700:
7688:
7676:
7649:
7610:
7598:
7586:
7403:
7221:
7197:
7180:
7129:
1733:
1420:, an illegitimate son of John George.
12735:
12631:
12062:
11847:
11539:
11206:
10827:
10788:
10528:Irene Palaiologina, Byzantine Empress
10492:Simonis Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia
10155:
9876:Damiani, Roberto (27 November 2012).
9668:. New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks.
9562:
9536:
9512:
9492:
9469:
9448:
9366:
9300:
8915:
8757:
8742:
8730:
8718:
8694:
8655:
8568:
8502:
8490:
8478:
8449:
8434:
8422:
8371:
8149:
8125:
8113:
8096:
8028:
7985:
7949:
7934:
7922:
7910:
7883:
7871:
7859:
7835:
7775:
7661:
7625:
7574:
7559:
7544:
7529:
7517:
7505:
7481:
7466:
7439:
7427:
7415:
7388:
7286:
7209:
7114:
6902:1297 – after 1343; father of Empress
6771:
6766:
6764:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6526:
6524:
6517:
6515:
6508:
6493:
6491:
6481:
6466:
6464:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6442:
6429:
6427:
6418:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6104:
6080:
6078:
6069:
6060:
6058:
6049:
6040:
6038:
6029:
6027:
6020:
6018:
6009:
5997:
5995:
5986:
5984:
5975:
5964:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5762:
5733:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5710:
5692:
5690:
5683:
5671:
5669:
5660:
5645:
5489:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5289:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5264:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5236:
5221:
5219:
5207:
5205:
5193:
5176:
5098:
5044:
5042:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4934:
4932:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4860:
4858:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4825:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4791:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
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4618:
4616:
4614:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4585:
4583:
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4572:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4204:
4202:
4190:
4175:
4157:
4155:
4142:
4129:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
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3951:
3949:
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3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3931:
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3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3852:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3823:
3812:
3810:
3803:
3792:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3629:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3546:
3544:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3505:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3476:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3066:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3011:
3009:
3000:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2826:
2768:
2766:
2764:
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2760:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2687:
2671:
2669:
2660:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2622:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
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2484:
2482:
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2478:
2471:
2469:
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2442:
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2400:
2398:
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2373:
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2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2111:Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem
2009:and his descendants adopted the name
1813:and also partook in later battles in
1189:. Helena had already been married to
706:
613:. Nikephoros supported the revolt of
411:in 1204, the Palaiologoi fled to the
11848:
10667:Helena Palaiologina, Queen of Cyprus
10004:
9252:. London: Harvard University Press.
9179:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
9136:
9036:
8781:
8706:
8619:
8410:
8398:
8359:
8347:
8335:
8323:
8311:
8299:
8287:
8275:
8263:
8251:
7787:
7156:
6826:Demetrios Doukas Komnenos Koutroules
1693:Theodore left Barbados to work as a
1412:A modern Italian family, called the
366:Emperors and Autocrats of the Romans
11550:
10533:Maria Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia
9991:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World
7275:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World
6890:1290–1338; founder of the House of
6865:. Her descendants assumed the name
1384:Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
806:recaptured Constantinople from the
319:
302:
24:
9482:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
9391:"I Paleologo Principi di Bisanzio"
9283:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
6828:), Theodora Palaiologina (married
2160:had resulted in the creation of a
1657:whose fates were caught up in the
1430:Succession to the Byzantine Empire
1380:John George, Marquis of Montferrat
1240:, who married a Russian prince. A
952:to John V and proclaiming his son
617:against Michael VII, but his son,
239:(predominantly; 11th–15th century)
213:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
25:
12930:
12673:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
9987:"Palaeologan Dynasty (1259–1453)"
9430:(1921). "Balkan Exiles in Rome".
9345:(in Italian): 77–90 (1–9 in PDF).
8977:Cassa di Risparmio di Alessandria
8960:Cassano, Gian Paolo (July 2017).
7023:Family tree of Byzantine monarchs
1279:
536:
12712:
9122:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press.
8152:, pp. 59–60, 102, note 121.
6985:
6972:
6959:
6946:
6929:
6872:
6855:
6786:
1995:Giovanni was supposedly granted
1122:After the Fall of Constantinople
771:. John III's son and successor,
734:as the governor of the towns of
695:
53:
11062:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
10884:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
9773:Vannier, Jean-François (1986).
9751:
9645:The Fall of Constantinople 1453
9592:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
9449:Nicol, Donald M., ed. (1997) .
9372:The Oxford History of Byzantium
9164:Orientalia Christiana Periodica
8908:10.4067/S0718-84712017000100157
8838:
7496:, 21454. Παλαιολόγος ∆ημήτριος.
7493:
7057:
7018:History of the Byzantine Empire
6991:Zoe was ancestral to the later
6796:1255–before 1259; died young),
1976:church, which still stands, in
1697:, serving aboard a ship called
1483:or in various cities in Spain.
1416:, claim that they descend from
1378:The final Palaeologus Marquis,
1269:
1254:
1074:besieged Constantinople in 1422
1025:
981:In 1373, John V's son and heir
892:
720:
426:became co-emperor to the young
116:(first known; possibly founder)
12147:Great Palace of Constantinople
11888:Patriarchate of Constantinople
11207:
10377:Theodora Angelina Palaiologina
9868:
9692:. Boletín Oficial del Estado.
9628:Polemis, Demetrios I. (1968).
9548:. Cambridge University Press.
8984:Dąbrowska, Malgorzata (1996).
8852:. Cambridge University Press.
7044:
7035:
6999:was Zoe's grandson. The later
6952:Sons Constantine Palaiologos (
6939:, who married her grandnephew
6894:and ancestor to that family),
2175:
1890:, forming what the Ottomanist
1324:, which had been ruled by the
1223:Imperator Constantinopolitanus
670:, father of the later emperor
13:
1:
10324:Andronikos Doukas Palaiologos
9816:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
9808:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
9204:The Sixteenth Century Journal
9143:. Stroud: The History Press.
9070:. William Blackwood and Sons.
8993:Acta Universitatis Lodziensis
7078:
7067:, which claimed descent from
6953:
6922:) and a daughter who married
6911:
6899:
6887:
6821:
6817:
6793:
6531:
6486:
6002:
5726:
5699:
5676:
5296:
5282:
5214:
5200:
5182:
4197:
4164:
4150:
3859:
3828:
3612:
3358:
3334:
3167:
3016:
2989:
2676:
2649:
1514:(Michael's true parents were
926:new and devastating civil war
379:, descended from some of the
195:
175:
12609:University of Constantinople
12190:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
11540:
11340:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
11029:Byzantine successor states (
10079:Fall of the Byzantine Empire
9634:. London: The Athlone Press.
9343:Rassegna Storica Salernitana
2086:Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas
2084:, Emperor of Trebizond, and
1351:Portrait believed to depict
844:Civil war and disintegration
818:and confined to a monastery.
7:
12279:Saint Catherine's Monastery
11335:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
11330:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
10828:
9707:Schomburg, Robert (2012) .
9613:. Oxford University Press.
9609:Papademetriou, Tom (2015).
9414:. E. P Dutton and Company.
9374:. Oxford University Press.
8053:Hernández de la Fuente 2019
7011:
6800:(1261–1306; who had a son,
2162:new independent Greek state
1842:Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War
1713:and was survived only by a
1424:Branches of unclear descent
944:in 1346–1348, creating the
658:, the Palaiologoi followed
436:recapture of Constantinople
434:and in 1261, following the
10:
12935:
12668:Neo-Byzantine architecture
12632:
11289:Comes sacrarum largitionum
10636:Constantine XI Palaiologos
10513:Andronikos III Palaiologos
10393:Irene Komnene Palaiologina
9433:Essays on the Latin Orient
9389:Marrocco, Osvaldo (2001).
9334:Maisano, Riccardo (1988).
9246:Jenkyns, Richard (2005) .
8939:Brandow, James C. (1983).
8879:Documenta Islamica Inedita
8832:, pp. 54–55, 154–156.
6916:John II Doukas of Thessaly
6032:Constantine XI Palaiologos
4813:Andronikos III Palaiologos
1980:, a hamlet of the Italian
1776:First Ottoman–Venetian War
1562:
1427:
1393:. The last female member,
1288:
1173:Thomas had four children;
1021:Constantine XI Palaiologos
1012:Last Emperors of Byzantium
862:Andronikos III Palaiologos
699:
615:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
460:Constantine XI Palaiologos
337:
323:
314:
134:Constantine XI Palaiologos
12773:
12695:
12638:
12627:
12548:
12448:
12406:
12351:
12296:
12251:
12238:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
12223:
12180:
12112:
12082:
12073:
12069:
12058:
12000:
11858:
11854:
11843:
11765:
11711:
11650:
11607:
11559:
11546:
11535:
11494:
11469:
11438:
11397:
11388:
11363:
11307:
11271:
11224:
11217:
11213:
11202:
11075:
10991:
10938:
10869:
10840:
10836:
10823:
10771:
10744:
10710:
10654:
10608:
10580:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
10572:
10541:
10505:
10452:
10424:Andronikos II Palaiologos
10411:
10385:
10364:
10348:
10332:
10316:
10300:
10284:
10194:
10140:
10127:
10119:
10104:
10096:
10077:
10064:
10056:
10026:
9878:"Teodoro Paleologo Greco"
9811:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
9175:Harris, Jonathan (2010).
9158:Harris, Jonathan (1995).
8969:Bollettino del Marchesato
8846:Angelov, Dimiter (2019).
7063:Last known member of the
6674:
6672:
6670:
6662:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6636:
6634:
6614:
6612:
6582:
6580:
6560:
6554:
6552:
6546:
6544:
6538:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6356:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6294:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6260:
6258:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6204:
6196:
6194:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6148:
6142:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6114:
6110:
6067:
6047:
6007:
5973:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5872:
5870:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5774:
5770:
5768:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5742:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5681:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5648:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
5639:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
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5543:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5443:
5441:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5395:
5393:
5369:
5367:
5339:
5337:
5325:
5319:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5012:
5010:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4956:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4632:
4630:
4610:
4604:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
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4478:
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4474:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4454:
4450:
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4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
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4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4400:
4398:
4390:
4388:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4270:
4268:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4178:Andronikos II Palaiologos
4173:
4171:
4169:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4131:Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4011:
4009:
3959:
3957:
3935:
3933:
3913:
3911:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3877:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3582:
3580:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3414:
3412:
3390:
3388:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3240:
3238:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3204:
3142:
3140:
3132:
3130:
3094:
3092:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3021:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2902:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2754:
2752:
2730:
2728:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2524:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2446:
2444:
2408:
2406:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2158:Greek War of Independence
2034:
1834:Greek community in Venice
983:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
838:Andronikos II Palaiologos
754:and was appointed as the
498:
273:
252:
230:
206:
163:
129:
107:
87:
67:
52:
45:
32:
27:Byzantine imperial family
11812:Droungarios of the Fleet
10662:Andronikos V Palaiologos
10398:Michael VIII Palaiologos
10006:"The Palaiologos family"
9901:Encyclopaedia Britannica
9779:Études Prosopographiques
9329:. Leiden, London: Brill.
9075:Foster, Russell (2015).
8886:Barker, John W. (2017).
8820:, pp. 159, 858–861.
7028:
6824:1260–1299/1300; married
6421:Andronikos V Palaiologos
3840:Michael VIII Palaiologos
3794:Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes
2206: Palaiologos family
2147:Wall engraving from the
2011:Paleologo Mastrogiovanni
1512:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1494:(Viterbo) and the Greek
1265:Suleiman the Magnificent
716:Michael VIII Palaiologos
682:John III Doukas Vatatzes
424:Michael VIII Palaiologos
263:(Despotate of the Morea)
120:Michael VIII Palaiologos
40:Palaeologus, Palaeologue
12326:Early Byzantine mosaics
11688:Domestic of the Schools
10724:Constantine Palaiologos
10626:Theodore II Palaiologos
10465:Constantine Palaiologos
10429:Constantine Palaiologos
10403:John Doukas Palaiologos
9897:"Manuel II Palaeologus"
9713:. Abingdon: Routledge.
9710:The History of Barbados
9498:"Byzantium and England"
9118:Hackel, Sergei (2001).
8174:Forebears – Palaiologou
8162:Forebears – Palaiologos
6804:, and a granddaughter,
6798:Constantine Palaiologos
4587:Constantine Palaiologos
3366:Constantine Palaiologos
2070:Second Council of Lyons
1970:Alfonso the Magnanimous
1898:Other claims of descent
1721:, born in January 1694.
1322:Kingdom of Thessalonica
1317:Second Council of Lyons
1234:Constantine Palaiologos
1006:Palaiologan Renaissance
765:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
154:John George Palaeologus
12643:Byzantine commonwealth
11405:Praetorian prefectures
11325:Logothetes tou genikou
11299:Quaestor sacri palatii
11294:Comes rerum privatarum
11067:Fall of Constantinople
11006:Sack of Constantinople
10752:Palaeologus-Montferrat
10631:Andronikos Palaiologos
10590:Theodore I Palaiologos
10480:Palaeologus-Montferrat
10460:Michael IX Palaiologos
10372:Andronikos Palaiologos
10292:Nikephoros Palaiologos
10111:Despotate of the Morea
9882:Condottieri di ventura
9783:Prosopographic Studies
9350:Mallat, Peter (1990).
9097:Geanakoplos, Deno John
8186:Forebears – Paleologos
7052:Palaeologus-Montferrat
6892:Palaeologus-Montferrat
6022:Andronikos Palaiologos
5266:Francesco I Gattilusio
4560:Michael IX Palaiologos
3609:Andronikos Palaiologos
3515:Andronikos Palaiologos
3013:Andronikos Palaiologos
2975:Nikephoros Palaiologos
2454:Nikephoros Palaiologos
2152:
2133:
2109:in 1444. In 1798, the
2082:John II Megas Komnenos
2064:
1919:Andronikos Palaiologos
1910:
1888:Mahmud Pasha Angelović
1869:
1756:
1661:of 1642–1651. His son
1627:
1578:
1457:Theophilos Palaiologos
1443:
1360:
1357:Palaeologus-Montferrat
1304:
1301:Palaeologus-Montferrat
1291:Palaeologus-Montferrat
1285:Palaeologus-Montferrat
1170:
1142:
1088:were not as friendly.
1034:
1030:1449–1453), the final
924:on the other led to a
902:
866:Michael IX Palaiologos
856:
804:Alexios Strategopoulos
726:
668:Andronikos Palaiologos
599:, commander (possibly
597:Nikephoros Palaiologos
519:
479:Palaeologus-Montferrat
397:Nikephoros Palaiologos
370:Fall of Constantinople
280:Palaeologus-Montferrat
112:Nikephoros Palaiologos
62:with the family cypher
12343:Komnenian renaissance
12338:Macedonian period art
12243:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
12215:Walls of Thessaloniki
11315:Logothetes tou dromou
10930:Twenty Years' Anarchy
10894:Valentinianic dynasty
10889:Constantinian dynasty
10775:male-line descendants
10641:Demetrios Palaiologos
10621:John VIII Palaiologos
10585:Manuel II Palaiologos
10487:Demetrios Palaiologos
9844:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
9081:. Oxford: Routledge.
9014:Fermor, Patrick Leigh
8916:Burke, Ersie (2014).
8881:(in German): 197–210.
8796:, pp. 1556–1558.
8198:Forebears – Paleologo
6896:Demetrios Palaiologos
6042:Demetrios Palaiologos
5989:John VIII Palaiologos
5713:Manuel II Palaiologos
5196:Theodora Kantakouzene
4863:Theodora Palaiologina
4794:John VI Kantakouzenos
4193:Yolande of Montferrat
3632:Theodora Palaiologina
2146:
2128:Anthemus of Jerusalem
2119:
2042:
1905:
1859:
1852:In the Ottoman Empire
1823:San Giorgio dei Greci
1742:Possible portrait of
1741:
1618:
1572:
1522:who had lived in the
1437:
1373:John II of Montferrat
1350:
1334:Yolande of Montferrat
1298:
1160:
1133:, younger brother of
1129:
1062:John VIII Palaiologos
1019:
991:Manuel II Palaiologos
954:Matthew Kantakouzenos
888:John VI Kantakouzenos
886:
851:
714:
562:Constantine the Great
506:
468:Roman Catholic Church
464:Greek Orthodox Church
385:Constantine the Great
383:that had accompanied
268:(March of Montferrat)
223:Marquis of Montferrat
146:Demetrios Palaiologos
12540:Units of measurement
12274:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
12167:Pammakaristos Church
12015:Corpus Juris Civilis
11966:Missionary activity
11425:Exarchate of Ravenna
11251:Imperial bureaucracy
10730:Fernando Palaiologos
10616:John VII Palaiologos
10475:Theodore Palaiologos
10439:Eudokia Palaiologina
10434:Theodore Palaiologos
9590:(1995). "Epilogue".
9588:Norwich, John Julius
9325:Lamers, Han (2015).
9177:The End of Byzantium
9038:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
9022:. London: Hachette.
8895:Byzantion Nea Hellás
6941:John VII Palaiologos
6908:Simonis Palaiologina
6884:Theodore Palaiologos
6838:John II of Trebizond
6834:Eudokia Palaiologina
6814:Theodore Palaiologos
5999:Theodore Palaiologos
5967:John VII Palaiologos
5723:Theodore Palaiologos
2376:Constantine X Doukas
1783:Theodore Palaiologos
1744:Theodore Palaiologos
1663:Ferdinand Paleologus
1621:Ferdinand Paleologus
1565:Paleologus of Pesaro
1559:Paleologus of Pesaro
1342:John I of Montferrat
1242:Fernando Palaiologos
1047:Crusade of Nicopolis
999:John VII Palaiologos
932:of Serbia to invade
823:Arsenios Autoreianos
773:Theodore II Laskaris
607:Theme of Mesopotamia
518:in central Anatolia.
456:Mehmed the Conqueror
299:House of Palaiologos
102:(as imperial family)
12919:Palaiologos dynasty
12064:Culture and society
11927:Ecumenical councils
11430:Exarchate of Africa
11420:Quaestura exercitus
11284:Magister officiorum
11279:Praetorian prefects
10922:Byzantine Dark Ages
10736:Andreas Palaiologos
10687:Andreas Palaiologos
10672:Helena Palaiologina
10600:Zampia Palaiologina
10595:Michael Palaiologos
10559:Michael Palaiologos
10356:Alexios Palaiologos
10134:March of Montferrat
9137:Hall, John (2015).
9120:The Byzantine saint
8808:, pp. 158–172.
8670:, pp. 264–275.
8646:, pp. 258–264.
8544:, pp. 197–210.
8532:, pp. 251–308.
8215:, pp. 188–189.
7862:, pp. 387–388.
7850:, pp. 286–290.
7778:, pp. 115–116.
7742:, pp. 138–143.
7730:, pp. 539–540.
7289:, pp. 117–118.
7159:, pp. 230–231.
7050:Last member of the
6967:Charlotte of Cyprus
6830:David VI of Georgia
6754:Andreas Palaiologos
6519:Andreas Palaiologos
6469:Helena Palaiologina
6458:Helena Palaiologina
6445:Helena Palaiologina
5735:Michael Palaiologos
5663:Keratsa of Bulgaria
5279:Michael Palaiologos
5224:Helena Kantakouzene
3855:Theodora Vatatzaina
3603:Michael Palaiologos
3507:Alexios Palaiologos
3477:Alexios Palaiologos
3330:Alexios III Angelos
3309:Michael Palaiologos
3031:Alexios Palaiologos
2986:Constantine Angelos
2980:Michael Palaiologos
2098:Council of Florence
1734:Paleologo of Venice
1719:Godscall Paleologue
1584:Theodore Paleologus
1575:Theodore Paleologus
1500:Theodore Spandounes
1338:March of Montferrat
1163:Andreas Palaiologos
1139:Despot of the Morea
971:Despot of the Morea
965:) and John V's son
870:period of civil war
752:Theodora Vatatzaina
660:Theodore I Laskaris
652:took Constantinople
483:March of Montferrat
218:Despot of the Morea
191:Godscall Paleologue
171:Andreas Palaiologos
76:March of Montferrat
60:Double-headed eagle
12481:Flags and insignia
12127:Baths of Zeuxippus
12010:Codex Theodosianus
11900:Oriental Orthodoxy
10858:Later Roman Empire
10692:Manuel Palaiologos
10646:Thomas Palaiologos
10554:John V Palaiologos
10340:George Palaiologos
10308:George Palaiologos
10123:House of Aleramici
9846:. 23/24: 251–308.
9729:Setton, Kenneth M.
9356:Macedonian Studies
9278:Kazhdan, Alexander
9268:Kazhdan, Alexander
8518:Papademetriou 2015
7096:, p. 183–184.
7069:Thomas Palaiologos
6918:), Maria (wife of
6904:Irene Palaiologina
6846:Maria Palaiologina
6806:Maria Palaiologina
6528:Manuel Palaiologos
6510:Ivan III of Russia
6072:Catherine Zaccaria
6062:Thomas Palaiologos
5685:Irene Palaiologina
5292:Irene Palaiologina
5253:Maria Palaiologina
5239:John V Palaiologos
5210:Irene Palaiologina
4839:Manuel Palaiologos
4145:Irene Palaiologina
3825:Irene Palaiologina
3814:John Kantakouzenos
3805:Maria Palaiologina
3355:George Palaiologos
3164:Andronikos Angelos
2663:Alexios I Komnenos
2624:George Palaiologos
2153:
2149:Castle of Mytilene
2065:
2051:) of Palaiologos:
1941:Maurice Paléologue
1911:
1907:Maurice Paléologue
1870:
1757:
1752:in the service of
1628:
1579:
1444:
1395:Margaret Paleologa
1388:Holy Roman Emperor
1365:born in the purple
1361:
1353:Margaret Paleologa
1305:
1238:Maria Palaiologina
1219:Ivan III of Moscow
1199:Catherine Zaccaria
1171:
1143:
1131:Thomas Palaiologos
1035:
922:John Kantakouzenos
913:and the Patriarch
907:John V Palaiologos
903:
857:
727:
707:Path to the throne
623:Alexios I Komnenos
619:George Palaiologos
611:Michael VII Doukas
587:, possibly in the
520:
258:(Byzantine Empire)
183:Margaret Paleologa
138:(Byzantine Empire)
12906:
12905:
12729:
12728:
12691:
12690:
12648:Byzantine studies
12623:
12622:
12619:
12618:
12434:Alexander Romance
12292:
12291:
12269:Nea Moni of Chios
12132:Blachernae Palace
12054:
12053:
12050:
12049:
12020:Code of Justinian
11868:Eastern Orthodoxy
11839:
11838:
11835:
11834:
11761:
11760:
11635:Scholae Palatinae
11531:
11530:
11527:
11526:
11496:Foreign relations
11490:
11489:
11384:
11383:
11198:
11197:
11194:
11193:
10997:(1204–1453)
10782:
10781:
10762:Paleologus-Pesaro
10482:
10253:(1390; 1403–1408)
10150:
10149:
10141:Succeeded by
10091:
9792:978-2-85944-110-4
9684:Sainty, Guy Stair
9620:978-0-19-871789-8
9249:Westminster Abbey
9238:978-84-1324-092-3
7379:, pp. 39–46.
7364:, pp. 26–30.
6997:Ivan the Terrible
6777:
6776:
6431:John II of Cyprus
6081:3–4 more children
4852:Anna Palaiologina
2679:1060/1065–1118/36
2673:Adrianos Komnenos
2473:Andronikos Doukas
2182:male-line descent
2027:George Sphrantzes
1987:San Mauro Cilento
1659:English Civil War
1414:Paleologo-Oriundi
1227:George Sphrantzes
1210:arrived in Rome.
1032:Byzantine Emperor
757:megas konostaulos
674:, was proclaimed
593:Alexander Kazhdan
539:
327:; female version
295:
294:
289:
269:
264:
259:
248:
243:Roman Catholicism
240:
199:
187:
179:
159:
151:
139:
125:
103:
16:(Redirected from
12926:
12756:
12749:
12742:
12733:
12732:
12716:
12629:
12628:
12572:Imperial Library
12518:Byzantine Greeks
12259:Daphni Monastery
12210:Panagia Chalkeon
12205:Hagios Demetrios
12172:Prison of Anemas
12122:Basilica Cistern
12080:
12079:
12071:
12070:
12060:
12059:
11915:West Syriac Rite
11905:Alexandrian Rite
11856:
11855:
11849:Religion and law
11845:
11844:
11780:Maritime themata
11736:Palaiologan army
11589:Military manuals
11557:
11556:
11548:
11547:
11537:
11536:
11395:
11394:
11371:Megas logothetes
11222:
11221:
11215:
11214:
11204:
11203:
11077:By modern region
10998:
10945:
10944:(717–1204)
10876:
10838:
10837:
10825:
10824:
10816:Byzantine Empire
10809:
10802:
10795:
10786:
10785:
10757:Asen Palaiologos
10697:Hass Murad Pasha
10497:John Palaiologos
10478:
10470:John Palaiologos
10188:Byzantine Empire
10176:
10169:
10162:
10153:
10152:
10144:House of Gonzaga
10120:Preceded by
10097:Preceded by
10081:
10071:Byzantine Empire
10057:Preceded by
10024:
10023:
10019:
10017:
10016:
10001:
9999:
9998:
9982:
9980:
9979:
9964:
9962:
9961:
9946:
9944:
9943:
9928:
9926:
9925:
9910:
9908:
9907:
9892:
9890:
9889:
9863:
9835:
9821:
9804:
9769:
9748:
9724:
9703:
9679:
9662:Runciman, Steven
9657:
9640:Runciman, Steven
9635:
9624:
9605:
9583:
9564:Nicol, Donald M.
9559:
9547:
9538:Nicol, Donald M.
9533:
9514:Nicol, Donald M.
9509:
9494:Nicol, Donald M.
9489:
9479:
9471:Nicol, Donald M.
9466:
9445:
9423:
9401:
9395:
9385:
9363:
9346:
9340:
9330:
9321:
9297:
9275:
9263:
9242:
9219:
9198:
9171:
9154:
9133:
9114:
9092:
9071:
9057:
9033:
9009:
9000:
8990:
8980:
8966:
8956:
8935:
8912:
8910:
8892:
8882:
8876:
8863:
8833:
8827:
8821:
8815:
8809:
8803:
8797:
8791:
8785:
8779:
8773:
8767:
8761:
8755:
8746:
8740:
8734:
8728:
8722:
8716:
8710:
8704:
8698:
8692:
8683:
8680:Geanakoplos 1959
8677:
8671:
8668:Geanakoplos 1959
8665:
8659:
8653:
8647:
8644:Geanakoplos 1959
8641:
8635:
8629:
8623:
8617:
8611:
8605:
8599:
8598:, p. 33–34.
8593:
8587:
8581:
8572:
8566:
8560:
8554:
8545:
8539:
8533:
8527:
8521:
8515:
8506:
8500:
8494:
8488:
8482:
8476:
8470:
8464:
8453:
8447:
8438:
8432:
8426:
8420:
8414:
8408:
8402:
8396:
8387:
8381:
8375:
8369:
8363:
8357:
8351:
8345:
8339:
8333:
8327:
8321:
8315:
8309:
8303:
8297:
8291:
8285:
8279:
8273:
8267:
8261:
8255:
8249:
8243:
8237:
8231:
8225:
8216:
8210:
8201:
8195:
8189:
8183:
8177:
8171:
8165:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8141:
8135:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8100:
8094:
8073:
8067:
8056:
8050:
8044:
8038:
8032:
8026:
8013:
8007:
8001:
7995:
7989:
7983:
7977:
7971:
7965:
7959:
7953:
7947:
7938:
7932:
7926:
7920:
7914:
7908:
7902:
7896:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7851:
7848:Geanakoplos 1959
7845:
7839:
7833:
7827:
7826:, pp. 189f.
7824:Geanakoplos 1959
7821:
7815:
7809:
7803:
7797:
7791:
7785:
7779:
7773:
7767:
7761:
7755:
7749:
7743:
7737:
7731:
7725:
7719:
7713:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7686:
7680:
7674:
7665:
7659:
7653:
7647:
7641:
7635:
7629:
7623:
7614:
7608:
7602:
7596:
7590:
7584:
7578:
7572:
7563:
7557:
7548:
7542:
7533:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7503:
7497:
7491:
7485:
7479:
7470:
7464:
7458:
7452:
7443:
7437:
7431:
7425:
7419:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7377:Geanakoplos 1959
7374:
7365:
7362:Geanakoplos 1959
7359:
7350:
7347:Geanakoplos 1959
7344:
7338:
7335:Geanakoplos 1959
7332:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7272:
7237:
7231:
7225:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7201:
7195:
7184:
7178:
7172:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7142:
7133:
7127:
7118:
7112:
7097:
7091:
7072:
7061:
7055:
7048:
7042:
7039:
7004:
6989:
6983:
6976:
6970:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6950:
6944:
6937:Irene Gattilusio
6933:
6927:
6913:
6901:
6889:
6880:John Palaiologos
6876:
6870:
6867:Asen Palaiologos
6859:
6853:
6823:
6819:
6810:Nemanjić dynasty
6802:John Palaiologos
6795:
6790:
6767:John Palaiologos
6762:
6759:
6533:
6496:Zoe Palaiologina
6488:
6052:Theodora Asanina
6012:Cleofa Malatesta
6004:
5978:Irene Gattilusio
5728:
5701:
5678:
5298:
5284:
5216:
5202:
5184:
4872:
4871: 1308–1330
4869:
4199:
4166:
4152:
3870:John Palaiologos
3861:
3830:
3614:
3373:
3372: 1157–1166
3370:
3360:
3336:
3169:
3018:
3003:Theodora Komnene
2991:
2678:
2651:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2131:
2017:) in his honour.
1884:Hass Murad Pasha
1862:Hass Murad Pasha
1838:Siege of Nicosia
1707:, Spain in 1693.
1573:Coat of arms of
1524:Empire of Nicaea
1310:Charles of Anjou
1273:
1271:
1258:
1256:
1195:Despot of Serbia
1029:
1027:
961:(the modern-day
919:megas domestikos
896:
894:
777:John IV Laskaris
731:megas domestikos
724:
722:
677:megas domestikos
664:Empire of Nicaea
645:Komnenos dynasty
578:Byzantine Empire
556:who traveled to
538:
535:
428:John IV Laskaris
413:Empire of Nicaea
358:Byzantine Empire
340:
339:
326:
325:
321:
317:
316:
304:
287:
285:Asen Palaiologos
267:
262:
257:
246:
238:
197:
193:
185:
177:
173:
157:
149:
137:
123:
117:
101:
98:
96:
72:Byzantine Empire
57:
47:Imperial dynasty
30:
29:
21:
12934:
12933:
12929:
12928:
12927:
12925:
12924:
12923:
12909:
12908:
12907:
12902:
12769:
12760:
12730:
12725:
12722:
12687:
12663:Cyrillic script
12634:
12615:
12560:
12544:
12444:
12426:Digenes Akritas
12402:
12347:
12288:
12252:Other locations
12247:
12219:
12176:
12108:
12097:Cross-in-square
12065:
12046:
11996:
11850:
11831:
11757:
11707:
11703:Varangian Guard
11646:
11620:East Roman army
11615:Late Roman army
11603:
11542:
11523:
11486:
11465:
11434:
11380:
11359:
11355:Epi ton deeseon
11345:Epi tou eidikou
11303:
11267:
11209:
11190:
11177:
11080:
11078:
11071:
11057:Palaiologan era
10999:
10996:
10987:
10958:Nikephorian era
10946:
10943:
10934:
10877:
10875:(330–717)
10874:
10865:
10845:
10832:
10819:
10813:
10783:
10778:
10767:
10740:
10711:15th generation
10706:
10655:14th generation
10650:
10609:13th generation
10604:
10573:12th generation
10568:
10542:11th generation
10537:
10506:10th generation
10501:
10448:
10407:
10381:
10360:
10344:
10328:
10312:
10296:
10280:
10190:
10180:
10146:
10137:
10125:
10114:
10102:
10080:
10074:
10062:
10052:
10046:
10042:Founding year:
10040:
10035:
10022:
10014:
10012:
9996:
9994:
9977:
9975:
9959:
9957:
9941:
9939:
9923:
9921:
9905:
9903:
9887:
9885:
9871:
9866:
9852:10.2307/1291294
9840:Vryonis, Speros
9819:
9793:
9766:
9745:
9721:
9700:
9676:
9621:
9602:
9580:
9556:
9530:
9477:
9463:
9428:Miller, William
9406:Miller, William
9393:
9382:
9338:
9294:
9260:
9239:
9187:
9151:
9130:
9089:
9054:
9030:
8988:
8964:
8953:
8932:
8901:(36): 157–183.
8890:
8874:
8868:Babinger, Franz
8860:
8841:
8836:
8828:
8824:
8816:
8812:
8804:
8800:
8792:
8788:
8780:
8776:
8768:
8764:
8756:
8749:
8741:
8737:
8729:
8725:
8717:
8713:
8705:
8701:
8693:
8686:
8678:
8674:
8666:
8662:
8654:
8650:
8642:
8638:
8630:
8626:
8618:
8614:
8606:
8602:
8594:
8590:
8582:
8575:
8567:
8563:
8555:
8548:
8540:
8536:
8528:
8524:
8516:
8509:
8501:
8497:
8489:
8485:
8477:
8473:
8465:
8456:
8448:
8441:
8433:
8429:
8421:
8417:
8409:
8405:
8397:
8390:
8382:
8378:
8370:
8366:
8358:
8354:
8346:
8342:
8334:
8330:
8322:
8318:
8310:
8306:
8298:
8294:
8286:
8282:
8274:
8270:
8262:
8258:
8250:
8246:
8238:
8234:
8226:
8219:
8211:
8204:
8196:
8192:
8184:
8180:
8172:
8168:
8160:
8156:
8148:
8144:
8136:
8132:
8124:
8120:
8112:
8103:
8095:
8076:
8068:
8059:
8051:
8047:
8043:, pp. 3–9.
8039:
8035:
8027:
8016:
8008:
8004:
7996:
7992:
7984:
7980:
7972:
7968:
7960:
7956:
7948:
7941:
7933:
7929:
7921:
7917:
7909:
7905:
7897:
7890:
7882:
7878:
7870:
7866:
7858:
7854:
7846:
7842:
7834:
7830:
7822:
7818:
7810:
7806:
7798:
7794:
7786:
7782:
7774:
7770:
7762:
7758:
7750:
7746:
7740:Enepekides 1960
7738:
7734:
7726:
7722:
7714:
7707:
7699:
7695:
7687:
7683:
7675:
7668:
7660:
7656:
7648:
7644:
7636:
7632:
7624:
7617:
7609:
7605:
7597:
7593:
7585:
7581:
7573:
7566:
7558:
7551:
7543:
7536:
7528:
7524:
7516:
7512:
7504:
7500:
7492:
7488:
7480:
7473:
7465:
7461:
7453:
7446:
7438:
7434:
7426:
7422:
7414:
7410:
7402:
7395:
7387:
7383:
7375:
7368:
7360:
7353:
7345:
7341:
7333:
7329:
7321:
7317:
7309:
7305:
7301:, p. 1557.
7297:
7293:
7285:
7281:
7273:
7240:
7232:
7228:
7220:
7216:
7208:
7204:
7196:
7187:
7179:
7175:
7167:
7163:
7155:
7151:
7143:
7136:
7128:
7121:
7113:
7100:
7092:
7085:
7081:
7076:
7075:
7062:
7058:
7049:
7045:
7040:
7036:
7031:
7014:
7009:
7008:
7007:
7001:Romanov dynasty
6990:
6986:
6977:
6973:
6965:Two daughters,
6964:
6960:
6951:
6947:
6934:
6930:
6877:
6873:
6860:
6856:
6812:of Serbia) and
6791:
6787:
6768:
6760:
6756:
6742:
6724:
6696:
6530:
6521:
6512:
6499:
6485:
6483:Lazar Branković
6472:
6461:
6448:
6433:
6424:
6082:
6075:
6064:
6055:
6044:
6035:
6024:
6015:
6001:
5992:
5981:
5970:
5737:
5725:
5716:
5698:
5687:
5675:
5666:
5651:
5467:
5295:
5281:
5268:
5255:
5242:
5227:
5213:
5199:
5181:
4870:
4866:
4855:
4840:
4831:
4816:
4797:
4600:
4590:1278/81–1334/35
4589:
4578:
4575:Rita of Armenia
4563:
4532:
4530:Andronikos Asen
4524:
4206:
4205:6 more children
4196:
4181:
4163:
4160:Anna of Hungary
4148:
4133:
3872:
3858:
3843:
3827:
3807:
3611:
3509:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3333:
3166:
3019:1083/85–1115/18
3015:
3006:
2988:
2675:
2666:
2648:
2475:
2456:
2379:
2340:
2207:
2203:
2178:
2132:
2126:
2107:Battle of Varna
2037:
1900:
1854:
1736:
1649:Earl of Lincoln
1598:Vatican Library
1567:
1561:
1432:
1426:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1268:
1253:
1246:Ludovico Sforza
1191:Lazar Branković
1124:
1024:
1014:
891:
853:Imperial banner
846:
781:George Mouzalon
748:trial by ordeal
719:
709:
704:
698:
524:oral traditions
501:
351:Byzantine Greek
265:
260:
245:
241:
237:
235:Greek Orthodoxy
202:
156:
152:
148:
140:
136:
124:(first emperor)
122:
118:
115:
114:
99:
94:
92:
82:
78:
74:
63:
41:
38:
37:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12932:
12922:
12921:
12904:
12903:
12901:
12900:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12830:
12825:
12820:
12815:
12810:
12805:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12774:
12771:
12770:
12759:
12758:
12751:
12744:
12736:
12727:
12726:
12724:
12723:
12721:
12720:
12710:
12705:
12699:
12696:
12693:
12692:
12689:
12688:
12686:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12650:
12645:
12639:
12636:
12635:
12625:
12624:
12621:
12620:
12617:
12616:
12614:
12613:
12612:
12611:
12601:
12596:
12595:
12594:
12584:
12579:
12574:
12569:
12563:
12561:
12559:
12558:
12555:
12549:
12546:
12545:
12543:
12542:
12537:
12532:
12527:
12522:
12521:
12520:
12510:
12509:
12508:
12503:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12452:
12450:
12446:
12445:
12443:
12442:
12437:
12430:
12429:
12428:
12418:
12412:
12410:
12404:
12403:
12401:
12400:
12395:
12394:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12373:
12368:
12363:
12357:
12355:
12349:
12348:
12346:
12345:
12340:
12335:
12330:
12329:
12328:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12302:
12300:
12294:
12293:
12290:
12289:
12287:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12255:
12253:
12249:
12248:
12246:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12229:
12227:
12221:
12220:
12218:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12195:Byzantine Bath
12192:
12186:
12184:
12178:
12177:
12175:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12124:
12118:
12116:
12114:Constantinople
12110:
12109:
12107:
12106:
12105:
12104:
12099:
12089:
12083:
12077:
12067:
12066:
12056:
12055:
12052:
12051:
12048:
12047:
12045:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12023:
12022:
12012:
12006:
12004:
11998:
11997:
11995:
11994:
11989:
11988:
11987:
11982:
11977:
11972:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11923:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11897:
11896:
11895:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11873:Byzantine Rite
11864:
11862:
11852:
11851:
11841:
11840:
11837:
11836:
11833:
11832:
11830:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11798:
11797:
11792:
11787:
11777:
11771:
11769:
11763:
11762:
11759:
11758:
11756:
11755:
11753:Grand domestic
11750:
11749:
11748:
11743:
11733:
11732:
11731:
11726:
11719:Komnenian army
11715:
11713:
11709:
11708:
11706:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11654:
11652:
11648:
11647:
11645:
11644:
11643:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11617:
11611:
11609:
11605:
11604:
11602:
11601:
11596:
11594:Military units
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11564:Battle tactics
11560:
11554:
11544:
11543:
11533:
11532:
11529:
11528:
11525:
11524:
11522:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11506:
11500:
11498:
11492:
11491:
11488:
11487:
11485:
11484:
11479:
11473:
11471:
11467:
11466:
11464:
11463:
11458:
11453:
11448:
11442:
11440:
11436:
11435:
11433:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11401:
11399:
11392:
11386:
11385:
11382:
11381:
11379:
11378:
11373:
11367:
11365:
11361:
11360:
11358:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11311:
11309:
11305:
11304:
11302:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11275:
11273:
11269:
11268:
11266:
11265:
11260:
11259:
11258:
11256:Medieval Greek
11248:
11247:
11246:
11241:
11236:
11225:
11219:
11211:
11210:
11200:
11199:
11196:
11195:
11192:
11191:
11189:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11150:
11149:
11144:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11083:
11081:
11076:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11027:
11026:
11025:
11015:
11014:
11013:
11011:Fourth Crusade
11002:
11000:
10992:
10989:
10988:
10986:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10968:Macedonian era
10965:
10960:
10955:
10949:
10947:
10939:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10932:
10927:
10926:
10925:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10901:Theodosian era
10898:
10897:
10896:
10891:
10880:
10878:
10870:
10867:
10866:
10864:
10863:
10862:
10861:
10848:
10846:
10841:
10834:
10833:
10821:
10820:
10812:
10811:
10804:
10797:
10789:
10780:
10779:
10772:
10769:
10768:
10766:
10765:
10759:
10754:
10748:
10746:
10745:Cadet branches
10742:
10741:
10739:
10738:
10733:
10727:
10721:
10714:
10712:
10708:
10707:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10658:
10656:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10612:
10610:
10606:
10605:
10603:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10576:
10574:
10570:
10569:
10567:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10545:
10543:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10509:
10507:
10503:
10502:
10500:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10456:
10454:
10453:9th generation
10450:
10449:
10447:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10415:
10413:
10412:8th generation
10409:
10408:
10406:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10389:
10387:
10386:7th generation
10383:
10382:
10380:
10379:
10374:
10368:
10366:
10365:6th generation
10362:
10361:
10359:
10358:
10352:
10350:
10349:5th generation
10346:
10345:
10343:
10342:
10336:
10334:
10333:4th generation
10330:
10329:
10327:
10326:
10320:
10318:
10317:3rd generation
10314:
10313:
10311:
10310:
10304:
10302:
10301:2nd generation
10298:
10297:
10295:
10294:
10288:
10286:
10285:1st generation
10282:
10281:
10279:
10278:
10275:Constantine XI
10272:
10266:
10260:
10254:
10248:
10242:
10234:
10226:
10220:
10217:Andronikos III
10214:
10208:
10202:
10195:
10192:
10191:
10179:
10178:
10171:
10164:
10156:
10148:
10147:
10142:
10139:
10126:
10121:
10117:
10116:
10103:
10098:
10094:
10093:
10088:House of Osman
10084:Ottoman Empire
10076:
10063:
10058:
10054:
10053:
10047:
10041:
10036:
10031:Imperial house
10027:
10021:
10020:
10002:
9983:
9965:
9947:
9929:
9911:
9893:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9864:
9836:
9805:
9791:
9770:
9764:
9749:
9743:
9725:
9720:978-0714619484
9719:
9704:
9699:978-8434025066
9698:
9680:
9675:978-1845118952
9674:
9658:
9636:
9625:
9619:
9606:
9601:978-0679416500
9600:
9584:
9578:
9560:
9554:
9534:
9528:
9510:
9502:Balkan Studies
9490:
9467:
9461:
9446:
9424:
9402:
9386:
9381:978-0198140986
9380:
9364:
9347:
9331:
9322:
9312:(2): 386–410.
9298:
9292:
9264:
9258:
9243:
9237:
9220:
9210:(3): 643–661.
9199:
9186:978-0300117868
9185:
9172:
9155:
9150:978-0750962612
9149:
9134:
9128:
9115:
9093:
9088:978-1315744759
9087:
9072:
9062:Finlay, George
9058:
9052:
9034:
9029:978-1848545465
9028:
9010:
9001:
8981:
8971:(in Italian).
8957:
8951:
8936:
8931:978-9155489151
8930:
8913:
8883:
8864:
8858:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8834:
8822:
8810:
8798:
8786:
8774:
8772:, p. 230.
8770:Schomburg 2012
8762:
8760:, p. 124.
8747:
8735:
8733:, p. 334.
8723:
8721:, p. 333.
8711:
8709:, p. 194.
8699:
8697:, p. 109.
8684:
8682:, p. 341.
8672:
8660:
8658:, p. 338.
8648:
8636:
8624:
8612:
8600:
8588:
8573:
8571:, p. 119.
8561:
8546:
8534:
8522:
8520:, p. 190.
8507:
8505:, p. 130.
8495:
8493:, p. 129.
8483:
8481:, p. 122.
8471:
8454:
8452:, p. 121.
8439:
8437:, p. 112.
8427:
8425:, p. 203.
8415:
8413:, p. 202.
8403:
8401:, p. 209.
8388:
8386:, p. 436.
8376:
8374:, p. 202.
8364:
8362:, p. 144.
8352:
8340:
8328:
8316:
8304:
8292:
8280:
8268:
8256:
8254:, p. 229.
8244:
8242:, p. 435.
8232:
8217:
8202:
8190:
8178:
8166:
8154:
8142:
8130:
8128:, p. 116.
8118:
8116:, p. 111.
8101:
8099:, p. 117.
8074:
8057:
8055:, p. 252.
8045:
8033:
8031:, p. 118.
8014:
8012:, p. 176.
8002:
8000:, p. 175.
7990:
7988:, p. 403.
7978:
7976:, p. 168.
7966:
7964:, p. 180.
7962:Dąbrowska 1996
7954:
7952:, p. 402.
7939:
7937:, p. 395.
7927:
7925:, p. 392.
7915:
7913:, p. 393.
7903:
7901:, p. 167.
7888:
7886:, p. 386.
7876:
7874:, p. 390.
7864:
7852:
7840:
7838:, p. 332.
7828:
7816:
7814:, p. 183.
7804:
7802:, p. 455.
7792:
7780:
7768:
7766:, p. 254.
7756:
7754:, p. 651.
7744:
7732:
7720:
7718:, p. 650.
7705:
7703:, p. 538.
7693:
7691:, p. 554.
7681:
7679:, p. 250.
7666:
7664:, p. 114.
7654:
7652:, p. 240.
7642:
7630:
7628:, p. 113.
7615:
7613:, p. 239.
7603:
7601:, p. 238.
7591:
7589:, p. 230.
7579:
7577:, p. 110.
7564:
7562:, p. 111.
7549:
7547:, p. 393.
7534:
7532:, p. 392.
7522:
7520:, p. 391.
7510:
7498:
7486:
7471:
7459:
7444:
7442:, p. 274.
7432:
7430:, p. 273.
7420:
7418:, p. 44f.
7408:
7393:
7381:
7366:
7351:
7349:, p. 23f.
7339:
7327:
7325:, p. 121.
7315:
7313:, p. 129.
7303:
7291:
7279:
7238:
7236:, p. 231.
7226:
7224:, p. 657.
7214:
7212:, p. 201.
7202:
7185:
7173:
7161:
7149:
7134:
7119:
7117:, p. 116.
7098:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7056:
7043:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7013:
7010:
7006:
7005:
6984:
6971:
6958:
6945:
6928:
6871:
6854:
6784:
6783:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6765:
6763:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6525:
6523:
6516:
6514:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6500:1448/1451–1503
6492:
6490:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6465:
6463:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6428:
6426:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6077:
6068:
6066:
6059:
6057:
6048:
6046:
6039:
6037:
6028:
6026:
6019:
6017:
6008:
6006:
5996:
5994:
5985:
5983:
5974:
5972:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5730:
5720:
5718:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5691:
5689:
5682:
5680:
5670:
5668:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5288:
5286:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5220:
5218:
5206:
5204:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4859:
4857:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4156:
4154:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4134:1259/1260–1303
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3844:1224/1225–1282
3836:
3834:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3615:1190–1248/1250
3606:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:? Palaiologina
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:Irene Angelina
3493:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3379:? Palaiologina
3376:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2645:Irene Doukaina
2641:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2177:
2174:
2124:
2090:Pope Martin IV
2036:
2033:
2015:Mastrogiovanni
1899:
1896:
1866:Constantine XI
1853:
1850:
1799:debt collector
1778:of 1463–1479.
1735:
1732:
1703:, and died at
1563:Main article:
1560:
1557:
1467:, Viterbo, or
1425:
1422:
1403:House of Savoy
1289:Main article:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Other lineages
1278:
1135:Constantine XI
1123:
1120:
1066:Mustafa Çelebi
1013:
1010:
946:Serbian Empire
845:
842:
827:excommunicated
708:
705:
697:
694:
649:Fourth Crusade
589:Anatolic Theme
558:Constantinople
516:Anatolic Theme
500:
497:
409:Fourth Crusade
389:Constantinople
293:
292:
291:
290:
282:
275:
274:Cadet branches
271:
270:
254:
250:
249:
232:
228:
227:
226:
225:
220:
215:
208:
204:
203:
201:
200:
188:
180:
167:
165:
161:
160:
131:
127:
126:
109:
105:
104:
89:
85:
84:
80:Ottoman Empire
69:
65:
64:
58:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12931:
12920:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12898:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12803:Constantinian
12801:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12775:
12772:
12768:
12764:
12757:
12752:
12750:
12745:
12743:
12738:
12737:
12734:
12719:
12715:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12700:
12698:
12697:
12694:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12661:
12659:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12640:
12637:
12630:
12626:
12610:
12607:
12606:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12593:
12590:
12589:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12567:Encyclopedias
12565:
12564:
12562:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12550:
12547:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12519:
12516:
12515:
12514:
12511:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12498:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12491:Hellenization
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12453:
12451:
12449:Everyday life
12447:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12435:
12431:
12427:
12424:
12423:
12422:
12421:Acritic songs
12419:
12417:
12414:
12413:
12411:
12409:
12405:
12399:
12396:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12378:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12358:
12356:
12354:
12350:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12327:
12324:
12323:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12303:
12301:
12299:
12295:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12264:Hosios Loukas
12262:
12260:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12250:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12230:
12228:
12226:
12222:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12187:
12185:
12183:
12179:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12111:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12094:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12084:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12072:
12068:
12061:
12057:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12021:
12018:
12017:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12007:
12005:
12003:
11999:
11993:
11990:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11967:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11937:Monophysitism
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11910:Armenian Rite
11908:
11906:
11903:
11902:
11901:
11898:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11870:
11869:
11866:
11865:
11863:
11861:
11857:
11853:
11846:
11842:
11828:
11827:Naval battles
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11782:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11772:
11770:
11768:
11764:
11754:
11751:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11738:
11737:
11734:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11721:
11720:
11717:
11716:
11714:
11710:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11649:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11622:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11612:
11610:
11606:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11561:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11549:
11545:
11538:
11534:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11497:
11493:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11474:
11472:
11468:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11443:
11441:
11437:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11402:
11400:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11387:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11368:
11366:
11362:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11350:Protasekretis
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11312:
11310:
11306:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11276:
11274:
11270:
11264:
11261:
11257:
11254:
11253:
11252:
11249:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11231:
11230:
11227:
11226:
11223:
11220:
11216:
11212:
11205:
11201:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11176:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11139:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11084:
11082:
11074:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11052:
11048:
11044:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11028:
11024:
11021:
11020:
11019:
11016:
11012:
11009:
11008:
11007:
11004:
11003:
11001:
10995:
10990:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10978:Komnenian era
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10942:
10937:
10931:
10928:
10923:
10919:
10918:
10917:
10916:Heraclian era
10914:
10912:
10911:Justinian era
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10886:
10885:
10882:
10881:
10879:
10873:
10868:
10860:
10859:
10855:
10854:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10839:
10835:
10831:
10826:
10822:
10817:
10810:
10805:
10803:
10798:
10796:
10791:
10790:
10787:
10776:
10770:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10747:
10743:
10737:
10734:
10731:
10728:
10725:
10722:
10719:
10716:
10715:
10713:
10709:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10659:
10657:
10653:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10607:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10577:
10575:
10571:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10546:
10544:
10540:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10510:
10508:
10504:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10481:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10457:
10455:
10451:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10416:
10414:
10410:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10388:
10384:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10363:
10357:
10354:
10353:
10351:
10347:
10341:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10331:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10315:
10309:
10306:
10305:
10303:
10299:
10293:
10290:
10289:
10287:
10283:
10276:
10273:
10270:
10267:
10264:
10261:
10258:
10255:
10252:
10249:
10246:
10245:Andronikos IV
10243:
10241:
10239:
10235:
10233:
10231:
10227:
10224:
10221:
10218:
10215:
10212:
10209:
10206:
10205:Andronikos II
10203:
10200:
10197:
10196:
10193:
10189:
10185:
10177:
10172:
10170:
10165:
10163:
10158:
10157:
10154:
10145:
10136:
10135:
10131:
10124:
10118:
10113:
10112:
10108:
10101:
10100:Kantakouzenos
10095:
10092:
10089:
10085:
10073:
10072:
10068:
10061:
10055:
10051:
10048:Dissolution:
10045:
10039:
10034:
10032:
10025:
10011:
10007:
10003:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9974:
9970:
9966:
9956:
9952:
9948:
9938:
9934:
9933:"Palaiologou"
9930:
9920:
9916:
9915:"Palaiologos"
9912:
9902:
9898:
9894:
9883:
9879:
9874:
9873:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9817:
9813:
9812:
9806:
9802:
9798:
9794:
9788:
9784:
9780:
9776:
9771:
9767:
9765:3-7001-3003-1
9761:
9757:
9756:
9750:
9746:
9744:0-87169-127-2
9740:
9736:
9735:
9730:
9726:
9722:
9716:
9712:
9711:
9705:
9701:
9695:
9691:
9690:
9685:
9681:
9677:
9671:
9667:
9663:
9659:
9655:
9651:
9647:
9646:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9632:
9626:
9622:
9616:
9612:
9607:
9603:
9597:
9593:
9589:
9585:
9581:
9579:0-246-10559-3
9575:
9571:
9570:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9555:0-521-41456-3
9551:
9546:
9545:
9539:
9535:
9531:
9529:0-521-34157-4
9525:
9521:
9520:
9515:
9511:
9508:(2): 179–203.
9507:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9488:(4): 315–339.
9487:
9483:
9476:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9462:0-521-58510-4
9458:
9454:
9453:
9447:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9434:
9429:
9425:
9421:
9417:
9413:
9412:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9392:
9387:
9383:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9365:
9361:
9357:
9353:
9348:
9344:
9337:
9332:
9328:
9323:
9319:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9295:
9293:0-19-504652-8
9289:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9273:"Palaiologos"
9269:
9265:
9261:
9259:9780674061972
9255:
9251:
9250:
9244:
9240:
9234:
9230:
9226:
9221:
9217:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9188:
9182:
9178:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9161:
9156:
9152:
9146:
9142:
9141:
9135:
9131:
9129:0-88141-202-3
9125:
9121:
9116:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9103:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9084:
9080:
9079:
9073:
9069:
9068:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9053:0-472-08260-4
9049:
9045:
9044:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9025:
9021:
9020:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9002:
8998:
8994:
8987:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8970:
8963:
8958:
8954:
8948:
8944:
8943:
8937:
8933:
8927:
8923:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8900:
8896:
8889:
8884:
8880:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8859:9781108480710
8855:
8851:
8850:
8844:
8843:
8831:
8826:
8819:
8814:
8807:
8802:
8795:
8790:
8783:
8778:
8771:
8766:
8759:
8754:
8752:
8745:, p. 98.
8744:
8739:
8732:
8727:
8720:
8715:
8708:
8703:
8696:
8691:
8689:
8681:
8676:
8669:
8664:
8657:
8652:
8645:
8640:
8633:
8628:
8622:, p. 34.
8621:
8616:
8609:
8604:
8597:
8596:Marrocco 2001
8592:
8586:, p. 32.
8585:
8584:Marrocco 2001
8580:
8578:
8570:
8565:
8558:
8553:
8551:
8543:
8542:Babinger 1952
8538:
8531:
8526:
8519:
8514:
8512:
8504:
8499:
8492:
8487:
8480:
8475:
8468:
8463:
8461:
8459:
8451:
8446:
8444:
8436:
8431:
8424:
8419:
8412:
8407:
8400:
8395:
8393:
8385:
8380:
8373:
8368:
8361:
8356:
8350:, p. 63.
8349:
8344:
8338:, p. 47.
8337:
8332:
8326:, p. 44.
8325:
8320:
8314:, p. 42.
8313:
8308:
8302:, p. 15.
8301:
8296:
8290:, p. 36.
8289:
8284:
8278:, p. 38.
8277:
8272:
8266:, p. 35.
8265:
8260:
8253:
8248:
8241:
8236:
8230:, p. 61.
8229:
8224:
8222:
8214:
8209:
8207:
8199:
8194:
8187:
8182:
8175:
8170:
8163:
8158:
8151:
8146:
8140:, p. 41.
8139:
8134:
8127:
8122:
8115:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8098:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8072:, p. 56.
8071:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8054:
8049:
8042:
8037:
8030:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8019:
8011:
8006:
7999:
7994:
7987:
7982:
7975:
7970:
7963:
7958:
7951:
7946:
7944:
7936:
7931:
7924:
7919:
7912:
7907:
7900:
7895:
7893:
7885:
7880:
7873:
7868:
7861:
7856:
7849:
7844:
7837:
7832:
7825:
7820:
7813:
7812:Runciman 2009
7808:
7801:
7796:
7790:, p. 37.
7789:
7784:
7777:
7772:
7765:
7760:
7753:
7748:
7741:
7736:
7729:
7724:
7717:
7712:
7710:
7702:
7697:
7690:
7685:
7678:
7673:
7671:
7663:
7658:
7651:
7646:
7640:, p. 84.
7639:
7638:Runciman 2009
7634:
7627:
7622:
7620:
7612:
7607:
7600:
7595:
7588:
7583:
7576:
7571:
7569:
7561:
7556:
7554:
7546:
7541:
7539:
7531:
7526:
7519:
7514:
7508:, p. 36.
7507:
7502:
7495:
7490:
7484:, p. 18.
7483:
7478:
7476:
7468:
7463:
7456:
7451:
7449:
7441:
7436:
7429:
7424:
7417:
7412:
7406:, p. 71.
7405:
7400:
7398:
7391:, p. 35.
7390:
7385:
7378:
7373:
7371:
7363:
7358:
7356:
7348:
7343:
7337:, p. 17.
7336:
7331:
7324:
7319:
7312:
7307:
7300:
7295:
7288:
7283:
7276:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7235:
7234:Runciman 1965
7230:
7223:
7218:
7211:
7206:
7200:, p. 67.
7199:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7183:, p. 59.
7182:
7177:
7171:, p. 74.
7170:
7165:
7158:
7153:
7146:
7141:
7139:
7131:
7126:
7124:
7116:
7111:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7095:
7094:Runciman 2009
7090:
7088:
7083:
7070:
7066:
7060:
7054:cadet branch.
7053:
7047:
7038:
7034:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6993:Rurik dynasty
6988:
6981:
6975:
6968:
6962:
6949:
6942:
6938:
6932:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6909:
6905:
6897:
6893:
6885:
6881:
6875:
6868:
6864:
6858:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6789:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6774:
6755:
6679:
6676:
6668:
6666:
6665:
6660:
6652:
6650:
6563:
6558:
6556:
6550:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6529:
6520:
6511:
6498:
6497:
6484:
6471:
6470:
6460:
6459:
6447:
6446:
6432:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6414:
6406:
6404:
6384:
6382:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6344:
6342:
6304:
6302:
6255:
6252:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6176:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6132:
6130:
6112:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6074:
6073:
6063:
6054:
6053:
6043:
6034:
6033:
6023:
6014:
6013:
6000:
5991:
5990:
5980:
5979:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5960:
5944:
5942:
5926:
5924:
5916:
5914:
5906:
5904:
5888:
5886:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5814:
5812:
5786:
5784:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5756:
5754:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5736:
5724:
5715:
5714:
5697:
5696:
5695:Helena Dragaš
5686:
5674:
5673:Şehzade Halil
5665:
5664:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5641:
5633:
5631:
5623:
5621:
5601:
5599:
5591:
5589:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5531:
5529:
5515:
5513:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5470:
5425:
5411:
5409:
5400:
5398:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5294:
5293:
5280:
5267:
5254:
5241:
5240:
5226:
5225:
5212:
5211:
5198:
5197:
5180:
5175:
5172:
5164:
5162:
5138:
5136:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5094:
5058:
5056:
5048:
5046:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5022:
5020:
4995:
4992:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4946:
4938:
4936:
4928:
4920:
4918:
4910:
4908:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4853:
4830:
4829:
4828:Anna of Savoy
4815:
4814:
4796:
4795:
4783:
4782:
4781:Irene Asanina
4763:
4760:
4752:
4750:
4738:
4736:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4670:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4588:
4577:
4576:
4562:
4561:
4531:
4515:
4512:
4490:
4488:
4471:
4452:
4414:
4412:
4379:
4376:
4336:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4284:
4282:
4254:
4246:
4235:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4195:
4194:
4180:
4179:
4162:
4161:
4147:
4146:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4105:
4103:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4014:
3964:
3962:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3857:
3856:
3842:
3841:
3826:
3815:
3806:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3766:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3610:
3599:
3596:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3508:
3497:
3488:
3487:Irene Komnene
3475:
3472:
3464:
3462:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3426:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3356:
3332:
3331:
3307:
3304:
3296:
3294:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3262:
3260:
3211:
3209:
3165:
3137:
3135:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3026:
3014:
3005:
3004:
2987:
2973:
2970:
2962:
2960:
2952:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2920:
2918:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2888:
2880:
2878:
2862:
2860:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2770:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2635:Anna Doukaina
2625:
2621:
2618:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2574:
2566:
2564:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2519:
2517:
2474:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2339:
2317:
2314:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2234:
2232:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2198:Kantakouzenos
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:family cypher
2041:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1974:Spirito Santo
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1923:elephantiasis
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1892:Halil İnalcık
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1867:
1863:
1860:Signature of
1858:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:Kantakouzenos
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:, in England.
1650:
1646:
1645:Henry Clinton
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1623:(d. 1670) in
1622:
1619:Tombstone of
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:Palaios logos
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1094:Helena Dragaš
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
976:
975:Ottoman Turks
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:
916:
912:
911:Anna of Savoy
908:
900:
899:Kantakouzenoi
889:
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
854:
850:
841:
839:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
717:
713:
703:
696:Imperial line
693:
691:
685:
683:
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
650:
646:
640:
638:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:accompanying
559:
555:
552:
547:
543:
533:
532:Palaios logos
529:
525:
517:
513:
510:
505:
496:
494:
493:modern period
489:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:Ottoman Turks
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
334:
330:
311:
307:
300:
288:(matrilineal)
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
276:
272:
255:
251:
244:
236:
233:
229:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
205:
192:
189:
184:
181:
172:
169:
168:
166:
162:
155:
147:
143:
135:
132:
128:
121:
113:
110:
106:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
31:
19:
12877:
12763:Royal houses
12432:
12200:Hagia Sophia
12182:Thessalonica
12157:Hagia Sophia
12137:Chora Church
12075:Architecture
11952:Great Schism
11942:Paulicianism
11920:Miaphysitism
11775:Karabisianoi
11079:or territory
11039:Thessalonica
11023:Latin Empire
11018:Frankokratia
10993:
10953:Isaurian era
10940:
10871:
10856:
10852:Roman Empire
10842:
10257:Andronikos V
10236:
10228:
10199:Michael VIII
10183:
10130:Ruling House
10128:
10107:Ruling House
10105:
10078:
10067:Ruling House
10065:
10050:16th century
10044:11th century
10037:
10028:
10013:. Retrieved
10010:Genealogy.eu
10009:
9995:. Retrieved
9990:
9976:. Retrieved
9972:
9969:"Paleologos"
9958:. Retrieved
9954:
9940:. Retrieved
9936:
9922:. Retrieved
9918:
9904:. Retrieved
9900:
9886:. Retrieved
9884:(in Italian)
9881:
9843:
9815:
9810:
9782:
9778:
9753:
9733:
9709:
9688:
9665:
9644:
9630:
9610:
9591:
9568:
9543:
9518:
9505:
9501:
9485:
9481:
9451:
9432:
9410:
9397:
9371:
9368:Mango, Cyril
9359:
9355:
9342:
9326:
9309:
9305:
9302:Laiou, A. E.
9281:
9248:
9228:
9207:
9203:
9176:
9167:
9163:
9139:
9119:
9101:
9077:
9066:
9042:
9018:
9008:(in German).
9005:
8996:
8992:
8972:
8968:
8941:
8921:
8898:
8894:
8878:
8848:
8839:Bibliography
8830:Polemis 1968
8825:
8813:
8806:Vannier 1986
8801:
8794:Kazhdan 1991
8789:
8777:
8765:
8738:
8726:
8714:
8702:
8675:
8663:
8651:
8639:
8634:, p. 6.
8632:Maisano 1988
8627:
8615:
8610:, p. 4.
8608:Maisano 1988
8603:
8591:
8564:
8559:, p. 3.
8557:Maisano 1988
8537:
8530:Vryonis 1969
8525:
8498:
8486:
8474:
8467:Damiani 2012
8430:
8418:
8406:
8384:Brandow 1983
8379:
8367:
8355:
8343:
8331:
8319:
8307:
8295:
8283:
8271:
8259:
8247:
8240:Brandow 1983
8235:
8193:
8181:
8169:
8157:
8145:
8133:
8121:
8048:
8041:Cassano 2017
8036:
8005:
7993:
7981:
7969:
7957:
7930:
7918:
7906:
7879:
7867:
7855:
7843:
7831:
7819:
7807:
7795:
7783:
7771:
7759:
7747:
7735:
7723:
7696:
7684:
7657:
7645:
7633:
7606:
7594:
7582:
7525:
7513:
7501:
7489:
7469:, p. 4.
7462:
7435:
7423:
7411:
7384:
7342:
7330:
7323:Angelov 2019
7318:
7311:Vannier 1986
7306:
7299:Kazhdan 1991
7294:
7282:
7229:
7217:
7205:
7176:
7169:Jenkyns 2005
7164:
7152:
7145:Norwich 1995
7059:
7046:
7037:
6987:
6980:Tocco family
6974:
6961:
6948:
6931:
6874:
6857:
6788:
6779:
6778:
6494:
6467:
6456:
6443:
6419:
6070:
6050:
6030:
6010:
6005:1394/99–1448
5987:
5976:
5965:
5711:
5693:
5684:
5661:
5646:
5290:
5256:d. 1384/1401
5252:
5237:
5222:
5208:
5194:
4861:
4850:
4826:
4811:
4792:
4779:
4573:
4558:
4191:
4176:
4158:
4143:
3873:1225/30–1274
3853:
3838:
3804:
3630:
3520:
3495:
3486:
3378:
3361:1125–1167/68
3328:
3170:1133–1183/85
3041:Anna Komnene
3040:
3024:
3001:
2689:Zoe Doukaina
2688:
2661:
2643:
2634:
2374:
2179:
2154:
2134:
2120:
2094:
2066:
2048:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2007:
1993:
1990:
1981:
1978:Casalsottano
1973:
1966:
1963:
1944:
1933:
1930:
1912:
1871:
1846:
1827:
1802:
1790:
1780:
1771:
1765:
1758:
1747:
1729:
1722:
1711:
1708:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1655:
1652:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1594:Leo Allatius
1590:
1587:
1580:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1495:
1492:Vetus verbum
1491:
1485:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1410:
1377:
1369:
1362:
1314:
1306:
1299:Arms of the
1275:
1231:
1222:
1212:
1207:Pope Pius II
1172:
1148:
1144:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1059:
1055:Thessaloniki
1038:
1036:
1003:
980:
930:Stefan Dušan
918:
904:
858:
834:
819:
812:Hagia Sophia
808:Latin Empire
801:
790:
784:
762:
755:
730:
728:
689:
686:
675:
672:Michael VIII
656:Latin Empire
641:
636:kouropalates
634:
626:
600:
582:
566:Roman Empire
544:, a dubious
542:vetus verbum
541:
531:
521:
481:, ruled the
476:
440:Latin Empire
421:
374:
346:
342:
338:Παλαιολογίνα
329:Palaiologina
328:
305:
298:
296:
158:(Montferrat)
95:11th century
91:11th century
12883:Wittelsbach
12878:Palaiologos
12833:Nikephorian
12683:Megali Idea
12658:Byzantinism
12361:Agriculture
12152:Hagia Irene
11985:Kievan Rus'
11962:Mount Athos
11785:Cibyrrhaeot
11729:Vestiaritai
11584:Mercenaries
11461:Catepanates
11320:Sakellarios
11239:Family tree
11164:Mesopotamia
10983:Angelid era
10963:Amorian era
10702:Mesih Pasha
10277:(1449–1453)
10271:(1425–1448)
10265:(1391–1425)
10259:(1403–1407)
10247:(1376–1379)
10240:(1353–1357)
10232:(1347–1354)
10225:(1341–1391)
10219:(1328–1341)
10213:(1295–1320)
10207:(1282–1328)
10201:(1259–1282)
10184:Palaiologoi
10038:Palaiologos
9951:"Paleologo"
9869:Web sources
9195:j.ctt1npm19
8818:Varzos 1984
8228:Mallat 1990
8213:Finlay 1856
8138:Sainty 2018
8070:Mallat 1990
8010:Barker 2017
7998:Barker 2017
7974:Barker 2017
7899:Barker 2017
7800:Miller 1908
7764:Harris 2010
7752:Harris 2013
7728:Harris 1995
7716:Harris 2013
7701:Harris 1995
7689:Harris 1995
7677:Harris 2010
7650:Harris 2010
7611:Harris 2010
7599:Harris 2010
7587:Harris 2010
7404:Hackel 2001
7222:Harris 2013
7198:Foster 2015
7181:Mallat 1990
7130:Fermor 2010
6863:Asen family
6761: 1520
2338:John Doukas
2176:Family tree
1880:Mesih Pasha
1875:tax farming
1868:'s brothers
1746:(d. 1532),
1681:plantation.
1535:Palaiologou
1531:Palaiologos
1449:Palaiologos
1112:Turahan Bey
1106:casus belli
1078:Constantine
963:Peloponnese
631:Dyrrhachium
488:genealogies
377:Roman Italy
347:Palaeologue
343:Palaeologus
324:Παλαιολόγοι
315:Παλαιολόγος
306:Palaiologoi
130:Final ruler
36:Παλαιολόγος
33:Palaiologos
18:Palaeologus
12843:Macedonian
12808:Theodosian
12783:Antipatrid
12678:Third Rome
12604:University
12587:Philosophy
12577:Inventions
12440:Historians
12408:Literature
12391:Varangians
12233:San Vitale
12162:Hippodrome
12142:City Walls
12042:Mutilation
12037:Hexabiblos
11957:Bogomilism
11947:Iconoclasm
11817:Megas doux
11807:Greek fire
11790:Aegean Sea
11663:Kleisourai
11640:Excubitors
11630:Bucellarii
11482:Despotates
11451:Kleisourai
11390:Provincial
11234:Coronation
11208:Governance
10973:Doukid era
10906:Leonid era
10211:Michael IX
10138:1306–1533
10115:1383–1460
10075:1259–1453
10015:2020-06-18
9997:2020-06-17
9978:2020-06-18
9960:2020-06-18
9942:2020-06-18
9924:2020-06-18
9906:2020-06-18
9888:2020-06-17
9420:1106830090
9170:: 537–554.
9111:1011763434
8999:: 177–194.
8952:0806310049
8758:Nicol 1992
8743:Nicol 1992
8731:Nicol 1967
8719:Nicol 1967
8695:Nicol 1992
8656:Nicol 1967
8569:Nicol 1992
8503:Burke 2014
8491:Burke 2014
8479:Burke 2014
8450:Burke 2014
8435:Burke 2014
8423:Nicol 1974
8372:Nicol 1974
8150:Nicol 1997
8126:Burke 2014
8114:Burke 2014
8097:Nicol 1992
8029:Nicol 1992
7986:Laiou 1968
7950:Laiou 1968
7935:Laiou 1968
7923:Laiou 1968
7911:Laiou 1968
7884:Laiou 1968
7872:Laiou 1968
7860:Laiou 1968
7836:Nicol 1967
7776:Nicol 1992
7662:Nicol 1992
7626:Nicol 1992
7575:Nicol 1992
7560:Nicol 1992
7545:Nicol 1988
7530:Nicol 1988
7518:Nicol 1988
7506:Nicol 1992
7482:Nicol 1992
7467:Nicol 1992
7440:Mango 2002
7428:Mango 2002
7416:Nicol 1993
7389:Nicol 1993
7287:Nicol 1992
7210:Nicol 1974
7115:Nicol 1992
7079:References
6850:Abaqa Khan
6842:Nogai Khan
5738:d. 1376/77
4599:7 children
2001:Ostigliano
1948:Phanariots
1819:Cephalonia
1717:daughter,
1715:posthumous
1700:Charles II
1539:Paleologos
1516:Andronikos
1428:See also:
1407:Cephalonia
1330:Montferrat
1328:family of
1250:Bayezid II
786:megas doux
769:Kaykaus II
700:See also:
554:patricians
444:Bulgarians
430:through a
362:Their rule
253:Deposition
231:Traditions
164:Final head
12868:Courtenay
12823:Heraclian
12818:Justinian
12793:Ptolemaic
12788:Antigonid
12506:Octoechos
12386:Silk Road
11878:Hesychasm
11746:Paramonai
11693:Hetaireia
11625:Foederati
11514:Diplomacy
11509:Diplomats
11415:Provinces
11244:Empresses
11047:Trebizond
10843:Preceding
10269:John VIII
10263:Manuel II
9973:Forebears
9955:Forebears
9937:Forebears
9919:Forebears
9832:834784634
9801:575241198
9664:(2009) .
9594:. Knopf.
9442:457893641
9306:Byzantion
9040:(1994) .
9016:(2010) .
8707:Fine 1994
8620:Hall 2015
8411:Hall 2015
8399:Hall 2015
8360:Hall 2015
8348:Hall 2015
8336:Hall 2015
8324:Hall 2015
8312:Hall 2015
8300:Hall 2015
8288:Hall 2015
8276:Hall 2015
8264:Hall 2015
8252:Hall 2015
7788:Hall 2015
7157:Hall 2015
6848:(married
6836:(married
6534:1455–1512
6522:1453–1502
6513:1440–1505
6489:1421–1458
6473:1431–1473
6462:1442–1469
6449:1428–1458
6434:1418–1458
6425:1400–1407
6065:1409–1465
6045:1407–1470
6036:1405–1453
6025:1400–1428
5993:1392–1448
5971:1370–1408
5729:1355–1407
5717:1350–1425
5702:1372–1450
5679:1346–1362
5667:1348–1390
5652:1348–1385
5299:1327–1399
5285:1337–1370
5243:1332–1391
5228:1333–1396
5217:1315–1341
5203:1330–1396
5185:1281–1362
4832:1306–1365
4817:1297–1341
4798:1292–1383
4579:1278–1333
4564:1277–1320
4200:1274–1317
4182:1259–1332
4167:1260–1281
3862:1240–1303
3831:1218–1284
3337:1153–1211
3025:? Komnene
2992:1093–1166
2667:1048–1118
2652:1066–1138
2380:1006–1067
2049:sympilema
2013:(or just
1956:Wallachia
1936:Paleologu
1803:stratiote
1791:stratiote
1772:stratioti
1767:stratioti
1749:stratiote
1726:baptismal
1695:privateer
1671:Caribbean
1577:(d. 1636)
1553:children.
1543:Paleologo
1504:exarchate
1391:Charles V
1326:Aleramici
1215:Bessarion
1165:, son of
1141:1428–1460
1101:Mehmed II
1082:Demetrios
1043:Bayezid I
934:Macedonia
890:(center,
860:grandson
797:Nymphaion
605:) of the
546:etymology
509:Byzantine
466:with the
438:from the
422:In 1259,
372:in 1453.
12913:Category
12893:Zaccaria
12873:Laskaris
12863:Flanders
12853:Komnenos
12828:Isaurian
12798:Seleucid
12599:Scholars
12592:Rhetoric
12582:Medicine
12557:Learning
12456:Calendar
12333:Painters
12032:Basilika
11970:Bulgaria
11932:Arianism
11883:Hayhurum
11860:Religion
11822:Admirals
11741:Allagion
11673:Droungos
11579:Generals
11541:Military
11504:Treaties
11410:Dioceses
11229:Emperors
11142:Sardinia
11122:Dalmatia
11102:Bulgaria
11092:Anatolia
11051:Theodoro
11045: /
11041: /
11033: /
10251:John VII
10060:Laskaris
9731:(1978).
9686:(2018).
9642:(1965).
9566:(1993).
9540:(1992).
9516:(1988).
9496:(1974).
9473:(1967).
9408:(1908).
9398:Incontri
9370:(2002).
9362:: 55–64.
9318:44169311
9270:(1991).
9216:24244808
9099:(1959).
9064:(1856).
8870:(1952).
8782:Byzant 8
7012:See also
6769:d. young
2190:Komnenos
2170:Barbados
2166:Cornwall
2125:—
2115:Anthemus
2021:descent.
1960:Moldavia
1927:epilepsy
1759:Because
1705:A Coruña
1688:Theodore
1667:Barbados
1638:assassin
1625:Barbados
1610:descent.
1520:Theodora
1508:Lascarid
1418:Flaminio
1161:Seal of
1070:Murad II
1051:Mehmed I
1039:de facto
967:Theodore
938:Thessaly
915:John XIV
874:Bulgaria
831:Joseph I
792:despotes
744:Laskaris
585:Anatolia
512:Anatolia
417:Laskaris
401:Komnenos
393:Anatolia
349:, was a
12897:Damalas
12858:Angelos
12838:Amorian
12708:Outline
12653:Museums
12553:Science
12530:Slavery
12486:Gardens
12466:Cuisine
12398:Dynatoi
12366:Coinage
12353:Economy
12321:Mosaics
12284:Mystras
12225:Ravenna
12087:Secular
11975:Moravia
11724:Pronoia
11698:Akritai
11683:Tagmata
11658:Themata
11599:Revolts
11569:Battles
11477:Kephale
11446:Themata
11376:Mesazon
11218:Central
11154:Maghreb
11107:Corsica
11097:Armenia
11087:Albania
10830:History
10238:Matthew
10230:John VI
10186:of the
10132:of the
10109:of the
10069:of the
9860:1291294
9280:(ed.).
6924:Öljaitü
6741:(Issue)
6723:(Issue)
6695:(Issue)
6076:d. 1462
6056:d. 1470
6016:d. 1433
5982:d. 1440
5688:b. 1349
5466:(Issue)
5177:Sultan
4856:d. 1320
4841:d. 1320
4533:d. 1322
4523:(Issue)
3989:(Issue)
3972:(Issue)
3808:b. 1216
3510:d. 1203
3007:b. 1096
2476:d. 1077
2457:d. 1081
2341:d. 1088
2194:Angelos
2103:crusade
2005:Salerno
1840:in the
1795:Mystras
1669:in the
1488:Viterbo
1440:Viterbo
1399:Gonzaga
1272:
1261:Andreas
1257:
1183:Andreas
1028:
895:
816:blinded
723:
662:to the
528:Viterbo
507:Map of
407:to the
150:(Morea)
108:Founder
93: (
88:Founded
68:Country
12848:Doukas
12813:Leonid
12778:Argead
12767:Greece
12718:Portal
12633:Impact
12513:People
12461:Cities
12311:Enamel
12092:Sacred
12027:Ecloga
11893:Saints
11802:Dromon
11678:Bandon
11668:Tourma
11651:Middle
11574:Beacon
11456:Bandon
11439:Middle
11308:Middle
11263:Senate
11186:Thrace
11169:Serbia
11147:Sicily
11132:Greece
11117:Cyprus
11035:Epirus
11031:Nicaea
10941:Middle
10818:topics
10223:John V
9858:
9830:
9818:]
9799:
9789:
9762:
9741:
9717:
9696:
9672:
9654:220712
9652:
9617:
9598:
9576:
9552:
9526:
9459:
9440:
9418:
9378:
9316:
9290:
9256:
9235:
9214:
9193:
9183:
9147:
9126:
9109:
9085:
9050:
9026:
8979:: 3–9.
8975:(16).
8949:
8928:
8856:
6844:) and
6832:) and
5269:?–1384
2204:
2186:Doukas
2138:martyr
2130:, 1798
2074:schism
2035:Legacy
1997:Perito
1983:comune
1815:Savona
1811:Novara
1807:Cranae
1787:Friuli
1761:Venice
1754:Venice
1675:cotton
1647:, the
1473:Naples
1469:Venice
1465:Pesaro
1359:family
1303:family
1193:, the
1187:Manuel
1175:Helena
1167:Thomas
1086:Thomas
950:Helena
942:Epirus
878:Serbia
740:Serres
736:Melnik
574:Phokas
570:Doukas
499:Origin
472:Papacy
381:Romans
207:Titles
186:(1566)
144:&
142:Thomas
83:Others
12703:Index
12535:Death
12525:Women
12496:Music
12476:Dress
12471:Dance
12416:Novel
12376:Trade
12371:Mints
12316:Glass
12306:Icons
12102:Domes
11980:Serbs
11795:Samos
11608:Early
11398:Early
11272:Early
11181:Syria
11159:Malta
11137:Italy
11127:Egypt
11112:Crete
11043:Morea
10872:Early
10773:Only
9856:JSTOR
9820:(PDF)
9814:[
9781:[
9478:(PDF)
9394:(PDF)
9339:(PDF)
9314:JSTOR
9276:. In
9212:JSTOR
9191:JSTOR
8989:(PDF)
8965:(PDF)
8891:(PDF)
8875:(PDF)
7029:Notes
6920:Toqta
6780:Notes
5179:Orhan
2078:Frank
1952:Fener
1915:Syros
1679:sugar
1481:Paris
1477:Milan
1386:, by
1203:Corfu
1152:harem
995:Genoa
959:Morea
551:Roman
448:Serbs
354:noble
333:Greek
310:Greek
266:1533
261:1460
256:1453
198:1694)
178:1520)
100:1259
12501:Lyra
12381:silk
11992:Jews
11767:Navy
11712:Late
11552:Army
11519:Wars
11470:Late
11364:Late
10994:Late
10182:The
9828:OCLC
9797:OCLC
9787:ISBN
9760:ISBN
9739:ISBN
9715:ISBN
9694:ISBN
9670:ISBN
9650:OCLC
9615:ISBN
9596:ISBN
9574:ISBN
9550:ISBN
9524:ISBN
9457:ISBN
9438:OCLC
9416:OCLC
9376:ISBN
9288:ISBN
9254:ISBN
9233:ISBN
9181:ISBN
9145:ISBN
9124:ISBN
9107:OCLC
9083:ISBN
9048:ISBN
9024:ISBN
8947:ISBN
8926:ISBN
8854:ISBN
4153:1302
1999:and
1958:and
1925:and
1882:and
1817:and
1518:and
1185:and
1137:and
1116:fell
1084:and
940:and
876:and
789:and
738:and
688:was
627:doux
602:doux
537:lit.
450:and
432:coup
405:fell
297:The
12765:of
12298:Art
12002:Law
10764:(?)
10732:(?)
10726:(?)
10720:(?)
9848:doi
8903:doi
7494:PLP
6758:fl.
4868:fl.
4149:d.
3369:fl.
2003:in
1677:or
1526:).
1179:Zoe
629:of
572:or
387:to
364:as
345:or
320:pl.
303:pl.
12915::
10086:;
10029:—
10008:.
9989:.
9971:.
9953:.
9935:.
9917:.
9899:.
9880:.
9854:.
9826:.
9795:.
9506:15
9504:.
9500:.
9484:.
9480:.
9396:.
9358:.
9354:.
9341:.
9310:38
9308:.
9208:44
9206:.
9189:.
9168:61
9166:.
9162:.
8997:56
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