151:
1661:
273:
636:
660:
624:
43:
648:
192:
191:
193:
150:
196:
195:
783:
On August 30, 1945, Hồ Chí Minh invited several people to contribute their ideas toward his
Declaration of Independence, including a number of American OSS officers. OSS officers met repeatedly with him and other Viet Minh officers during late August, and Patti claimed to have listened to Ho read to
194:
897:
60:
17:
777:
1747:
1046:
473:
1513:
1762:
488:
107:
1445:
79:
1163:
1405:
86:
1450:
1417:
1393:
932:
93:
1440:
1803:
531:
780:
to present itself to the people. That was also the day that
Vietnam officially promulgated the right of freedom and established a democratic republic system.
75:
1506:
690:
1455:
1876:
1499:
764:
Japanese forces allowed the Việt Minh and other nationalist groups to take over public buildings and weapons without resistance, which began the
925:
100:
1036:
1906:
1597:
1381:
776:, which he had called. The meeting unanimously decided to prepare to proclaim independence and to organize a large meeting in Hà Nội for the
1460:
1921:
1767:
493:
757:(the official surrender took place on September 2, 1945 in Tokyo Bay) but the only force capable of maintaining law and order was the
1881:
1793:
1479:
918:
785:
683:
521:
1896:
1474:
1522:
1117:
608:
31:
1926:
791:
On
September 2, 1945, Hồ Chí Minh read the Declaration during a public meeting in front of thousands of people at what is now
1645:
1112:
996:
307:
882:
1011:
676:
1107:
833:
603:
578:
1891:
1757:
1752:
1731:
1650:
1590:
593:
483:
478:
317:
126:
1269:
819:
245:
858:
1546:
1193:
796:
64:
435:
405:
1583:
1400:
1264:
735:
415:
1726:
1539:
1388:
1077:
971:
598:
588:
573:
1705:
991:
365:
1798:
1721:
1700:
1127:
773:
583:
526:
440:
395:
380:
360:
1635:
1274:
1198:
749:
in southern China, arrived in Hanoi on a mercy mission to liberate allied POWs and was accompanied by
425:
312:
1249:
1213:
1203:
1031:
1006:
1001:
400:
375:
450:
370:
1886:
1534:
1309:
410:
1148:
1021:
1931:
1259:
1173:
1056:
1026:
430:
53:
1208:
1178:
1158:
981:
1916:
1640:
1061:
976:
758:
445:
385:
297:
1690:
1680:
420:
350:
340:
1244:
1234:
455:
1435:
1229:
1911:
1901:
1788:
1695:
1630:
1289:
966:
516:
355:
302:
1491:
1254:
1239:
1153:
8:
1783:
1660:
1606:
1188:
1051:
1016:
883:
http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/vietnam-bf3262-interview-with-archimedes-l-a-patti-1981
792:
511:
264:
221:
209:
1314:
1294:
1183:
390:
155:
A copy of the original declaration of independence of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1412:
1284:
1102:
1097:
754:
707:
237:
1551:
1350:
1299:
1279:
1087:
335:
241:
217:
1092:
1041:
986:
961:
765:
734:
against the
Japanese and were to a degree supported by the Americans in 1945 via the
731:
727:
233:
1330:
1168:
910:
870:
869:
Stuart-Fox, Martin. A History of Laos. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1997,
1850:
1845:
1625:
1620:
1376:
834:"The OSS in Vietnam, 1945: A War of Missed Opportunities by Dixee Bartholomew-Feis"
742:
714:
in the late 19th century and later officially becoming a French Colony, but during
652:
640:
292:
287:
1143:
272:
1855:
1340:
956:
719:
664:
1840:
1366:
1304:
628:
907:– Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (archived 22 September 2013)
859:
http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/vietnam-9dc948-interview-with-carleton-swift
784:
him a draft of the
Declaration, which he believed sounded very similar to the
726:
in 1941 to coordinate resistance against both French colonial authorities and
345:
30:"Vietnamese Proclamation of Independence" redirects here. For other uses, see
1870:
1820:
1810:
1122:
750:
548:
538:
229:
769:
722:
occupied the country from 1940. During this period, Ho Chi Minh created the
27:
1945 document by Hồ Chí Minh declaring
Vietnam's republic for the first time
1082:
715:
184:
To announce and explain establishment of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
161:
1815:
1675:
1563:
1371:
746:
543:
174:
1335:
659:
1575:
1345:
1825:
761:, and so remained in power and kept French colonial troops detained.
723:
553:
42:
76:"Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam"
1748:
Proclamation of
Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1047:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
474:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
18:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1685:
941:
703:
206:
declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1763:
The Vietnamese Revolution: Fundamental Problems, Essential Tasks
489:
The Vietnamese Revolution: Fundamental Problems, Essential Tasks
220:, and announced in public at the Ba Đình flower garden (now the
711:
647:
820:"Viet Minh take control in the north | October 11, 1954"
753:
a French government official. The Japanese forces informally
225:
1521:
768:. On the morning of August 26, 1945, at No. 48 Hàng Ngang,
799:
and the country's independence and becoming a republic.
1804:
6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
532:
6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
772:, Chairman Hồ Chí Minh presided over a meeting of the
228:
on September 2, 1945. It led to the foundation of the
940:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
871:http://www.taiwandocuments.org/japansurrender.htm
1868:
1591:
1507:
926:
881:Interview with Archimedes L. A. Patti, 1981,
684:
214:Tuyên ngôn độc lập Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
1598:
1584:
1514:
1500:
933:
919:
691:
677:
149:
1794:History of the Communist Party of Vietnam
786:United States Declaration of Independence
522:History of the Communist Party of Vietnam
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1037:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
189:
1877:Declarations of independence of Vietnam
1768:Renewal in Việt Nam: Theory and Reality
1605:
1523:Declarations of independence of Vietnam
609:Vietnam General Confederation of Labour
494:Renewal in Việt Nam: Theory and Reality
32:Declarations of independence of Vietnam
14:
1869:
838:The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
730:occupying forces. This group fought a
1579:
1495:
1113:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
914:
857:Interview with Carleton Swift, 1981,
1907:Aftermath of World War II in Vietnam
778:Provisional Revolutionary Government
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
898:Recording of original proclamation
24:
1922:1945 in the French colonial empire
741:On August 22, 1945, the OSS agent
144:the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
25:
1943:
1758:The Last Testament of Ho Chi Minh
1753:The Path Which Led Me To Leninism
1732:Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union
1651:Socialist-oriented market economy
891:
594:Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union
484:The Last Testament of Ho Chi Minh
479:The Path Which Led Me To Leninism
318:Socialist-oriented market economy
1882:Vietnamese independence movement
1659:
962:Capture of the Citadel of Saigon
658:
646:
634:
622:
604:Vietnam People's Public Security
579:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
271:
41:
1897:1945 in international relations
795:and announced the birth of the
52:needs additional citations for
875:
863:
851:
826:
812:
797:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
230:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
142:Declaration of independence of
13:
1:
1927:September 1945 events in Asia
1401:French protectorate of Tonkin
805:
1413:French colony of Cochinchina
1389:French protectorate of Annam
972:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương
736:Office of Strategic Services
7:
1727:Vietnamese Fatherland Front
710:, became a protectorate of
589:Vietnamese Fatherland Front
574:Indochinese Communist Party
10:
1948:
1799:Five-Year Plans of Vietnam
1722:Communist Party of Vietnam
1128:Communist Party of Vietnam
774:Communist Party of Vietnam
584:Communist Party of Vietnam
527:Five-Year Plans of Vietnam
251:
29:
1836:
1776:
1740:
1714:
1668:
1657:
1613:
1529:
1469:
1428:
1359:
1323:
1222:
1136:
1070:
1032:1940 Cochinchina uprising
1002:1916 Cochinchina uprising
949:
180:
170:
160:
148:
141:
1892:1945 in French Indochina
599:People's Army of Vietnam
1108:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
1057:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
1118:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
977:Pacification of Tonkin
944:independence movements
759:Imperial Japanese Army
213:
201:
1480:independence movement
199:
1789:Communism in Vietnam
1007:Thái Nguyên uprising
992:Yên Thế Insurrection
967:Cochinchina Campaign
653:Socialism portal
641:Communism portal
517:Communism in Vietnam
61:improve this article
1784:Politics of Vietnam
1607:Ho Chi Minh Thought
1052:First Indochina War
1012:Bazin assassination
665:Politics portal
512:Politics of Vietnam
406:Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân
265:Ho Chi Minh Thought
259:Part of a series on
1559:Tuyên ngôn độc lập
1270:Nguyễn Thượng Hiền
1194:Nguyễn Thiện Thuật
1103:Tonkin Free School
629:Vietnam portal
202:
1864:
1863:
1573:
1572:
1489:
1488:
1214:Nguyễn Trung Trực
1149:Nguyễn Quang Bích
1093:Empire of Vietnam
1062:Geneva Conference
1042:August Revolution
1022:Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets
987:Hanoi Poison Plot
766:August Revolution
728:Imperial Japanese
701:
700:
468:Theoretical works
376:Nguyễn Minh Triết
234:Empire of Vietnam
216:) was written by
197:
188:
187:
166:September 2, 1945
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
1939:
1706:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
1663:
1631:Marxism–Leninism
1626:Anti-revisionism
1621:Anti-imperialism
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1547:Bình Ngô đại cáo
1516:
1509:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1446:Nguyễn Trọng Hợp
1382:Governor-General
1377:French Indochina
1265:Nguyễn Thần Hiến
1250:Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
1137:Uprising Leaders
982:Bãi Sậy uprising
935:
928:
921:
912:
911:
905:
901:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
848:
846:
845:
830:
824:
823:
816:
743:Archimedes Patti
693:
686:
679:
663:
662:
651:
650:
639:
638:
637:
627:
626:
625:
401:Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
366:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
303:Marxism–Leninism
293:Anti-revisionism
288:Anti-imperialism
275:
256:
255:
232:, replacing the
200:Speech recording
198:
153:
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1887:1945 in Vietnam
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1832:
1772:
1736:
1710:
1691:Nguyễn Văn Linh
1664:
1655:
1636:Social Morality
1609:
1604:
1574:
1569:
1535:Nam quốc sơn hà
1525:
1520:
1490:
1485:
1475:Wars in Vietnam
1471:
1465:
1424:
1355:
1319:
1310:Phan Văn Trường
1275:Nguyễn Thái Học
1223:Revolutionaries
1218:
1209:Đinh Công Tráng
1199:Tôn Thất Thuyết
1179:Phan Đình Phùng
1164:Nguyễn Hữu Huân
1132:
1066:
957:Siege of Saigon
945:
939:
903:
900:(in Vietnamese)
899:
894:
889:
888:
880:
876:
868:
864:
856:
852:
843:
841:
832:
831:
827:
818:
817:
813:
808:
802:
697:
657:
645:
635:
633:
623:
621:
614:
613:
569:
561:
560:
507:
499:
498:
469:
461:
460:
426:Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
411:Trương Tấn Sang
351:Nguyễn Văn Linh
331:
323:
322:
313:Social morality
283:
254:
190:
156:
143:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1932:1945 documents
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1777:Related topics
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Võ Nguyên Giáp
1678:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1646:Self-criticism
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1614:Basic concepts
1611:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1540:Lý Thường Kiệt
1530:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:Huỳnh Công Tấn
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Hoàng Cao Khải
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1367:Albert Sarraut
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1305:Phan Chu Trinh
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Nguyễn An Ninh
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:Hoàng Hoa Thám
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Nguyễn Xuân Ôn
1171:
1169:Phan Xích Long
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:Nguyễn dynasty
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1017:Yên Bái mutiny
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
953:
951:
947:
946:
938:
937:
930:
923:
915:
909:
908:
902:and full text
893:
892:External links
890:
887:
886:
874:
862:
850:
825:
810:
809:
807:
804:
793:Ba Đình Square
745:, who had met
708:Nguyễn dynasty
699:
698:
696:
695:
688:
681:
673:
670:
669:
668:
667:
655:
643:
631:
616:
615:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
557:
556:
551:
541:
536:
535:
534:
529:
524:
514:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
453:
451:Huỳnh Tấn Phát
448:
443:
441:Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
438:
436:Trần Đức Lương
433:
428:
423:
418:
416:Vương Đình Huệ
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
371:Trần Đại Quang
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:Võ Nguyên Giáp
338:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
315:
310:
308:Self-criticism
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
268:
267:
261:
260:
253:
250:
248:on August 25.
238:Nguyễn dynasty
222:Ba Đình Square
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
164:
158:
157:
154:
146:
145:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1944:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Proclamations
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:North Vietnam
1819:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:Organizations
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:Nông Đức Mạnh
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:Collaborators
1427:
1419:
1418:Administrator
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:Administrator
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1394:Administrator
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:French rulers
1358:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Vũ Hồng Khanh
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:Phan Bội Châu
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:Lương Văn Can
1228:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:Organisations
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
943:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
917:
916:
913:
906:
896:
895:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
839:
835:
829:
821:
815:
811:
803:
800:
798:
794:
789:
787:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
751:Jean Sainteny
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
732:guerrilla war
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
694:
689:
687:
682:
680:
675:
674:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
654:
649:
644:
642:
632:
630:
620:
619:
618:
617:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:Organizations
565:
564:
555:
552:
550:
549:North Vietnam
547:
546:
545:
542:
540:
537:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
503:
502:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
465:
464:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
446:Ngô Xuân Lịch
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Phạm Văn Đồng
394:
392:
389:
387:
386:Văn Tiến Dũng
384:
382:
381:Tôn Đức Thắng
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:Nông Đức Mạnh
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
327:
326:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
279:
278:
274:
270:
269:
266:
263:
262:
258:
257:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
152:
147:
140:
131:
128:
120:
117:February 2013
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1558:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1315:Trần Cao Vân
1295:Nguyễn Thành
1290:Nguyễn Quyền
1235:Trần Quý Cáp
1204:Cầm Bá Thước
1184:Tống Duy Tân
1154:Võ Duy Dương
1027:World War II
904:(in English)
877:
865:
853:
842:. Retrieved
840:. 2020-07-15
837:
828:
814:
801:
790:
782:
763:
740:
716:World War II
706:, under the
702:
456:Lê Khả Phiêu
391:Trường Chinh
240:and Emperor
205:
203:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1912:Ho Chi Minh
1902:1945 in law
1816:Vietnam War
1676:Ho Chi Minh
1669:Key figures
1641:Land Reform
1564:Hồ Chí Minh
1552:Nguyễn Trãi
1456:Nguyễn Thân
1441:Trần Bá Lộc
1372:Jean Decoux
1300:Tạ Thu Thâu
1280:Hồ Chí Minh
1159:Trương Định
1088:Duy Tân Hội
997:World War I
755:surrendered
747:Ho Chi Minh
544:Vietnam War
336:Hồ Chí Minh
298:Land reform
218:Hồ Chí Minh
175:Ho Chi Minh
1871:Categories
1341:Thành Thái
1260:Ngô Đức Kế
942:Vietnamese
844:2024-05-09
806:References
431:Lê Đức Thọ
421:Vũ Đức Đam
236:under the
210:Vietnamese
87:newspapers
1851:Socialism
1846:Communism
1826:Viet Cong
1811:Việt Minh
1741:Key works
1144:Phạm Bành
1123:Việt Minh
1078:Cần Vương
724:Viet Minh
554:Viet Cong
539:Việt Minh
246:abdicated
171:Author(s)
1856:Politics
1336:Hàm Nghi
1324:Emperors
1245:Cường Để
282:Concepts
162:Ratified
1841:Vietnam
1696:Đỗ Mười
1686:Le Duan
1461:Lê Hoan
1351:Bảo Đại
1346:Duy Tân
1083:Đông Du
704:Vietnam
506:History
356:Đỗ Mười
346:Lê Duẩn
252:History
242:Bảo Đại
181:Purpose
101:scholar
1331:Tự Đức
950:Events
770:Hà Nội
712:France
330:People
244:, who
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
720:Japan
226:Hanoi
224:) in
108:JSTOR
94:books
204:The
80:news
63:by
1873::
836:.
788:.
738:.
718:,
212::
1599:e
1592:t
1585:v
1566:)
1562:(
1554:)
1550:(
1542:)
1538:(
1515:e
1508:t
1501:v
934:e
927:t
920:v
847:.
822:.
692:e
685:t
678:v
208:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.