193:
108:
32:
483:
533:). On the morning of June 23, the Germans began a general retreat toward Riga. The Allies again insisted that the Germans withdraw their remaining troops from Latvia and intervened to impose a ceasefire between the Estonians and the Freikorps when the Latvians were about to march into Riga. The British insisted that General von der Goltz leave Latvia, and he turned his troops over to the
509:
ordered the German government to withdraw its troops from the Baltic region. However, the
Germans succeeded in negotiating a postponement, arguing that withdrawal would give the Bolsheviks a free hand. General von der Goltz then attempted to seize control of Latvia with the assistance of the local
405:
with a new
Finnish conscript army, where all leadership positions were to be staffed by German officers and conscripts were to be trained according to German-army standards. Finnish generals Ignatius, von Gerich and Theslöf resigned from the Finnish military staff in protest. The Germans wanted to
928:
Most of the
Freikorps units, though only some of the Baltic-German component of the Landeswehr, heeded the command of von der Goltz - in the process repudiating that of Berlin Because it contradicted orders from Berlin, the action of von der Goltz and his soldiers came to be called the Mitau
584:
560:
694:, vol. 2: "Der Feldzug im Baltikum bis zur zweiten Einnahme von Riga. Januar bis Mai 1919", Berlin 1937; vol. 3: "Die Kämpfe im Baltikum nach der zweiten Einnahme von Riga. Juni bis Dezember 1919" (Berlin, 1938)
544:
Count von der Goltz later claimed in his memoirs that his major strategic goal in 1919 had been to launch a campaign in cooperation with the White
Russian forces to overturn the Bolshevik regime by marching on
458:
and used to delay the Red advance. New volunteers arriving from
Germany and remnants of the German 8th Army were subsequently added to the Iron Division, which was assigned under the command of Goltz. Also,
310:
in the spring of 1918. Goltz stayed with his troops in
Finland until December 1918 representing German interests, and in practice ruled the country as a military dictator during this period. After the
521:
In June 1919, General von der Goltz ordered his troops to advance not east against the Red Army (as the Allies had been expecting), but north, against the
Estonians. On June 19, the Iron Division and
443:
386:
on 13 April 1918. The German military intervention aided the nationalist government of
Finland to gain control over most of the country by May 1918. Goltz stayed with his troops in Finland after the
1068:
589:
494:(Liepāja) remained in the hands of the German and Latvian forces. In March 1919, General von der Goltz was able to win a series of victories over the Red Army, first occupying
1063:
1048:
565:
1023:
1038:
1018:
617:, he was married to Hannah Caroline Helene Marie von Hase (1873–1941), daughter of Karl Alfred von Hase (1842-1914) and his wife, Countess Klara von
1028:
367:
658:
Gustav
Dankwart Carl Gottfried von der Goltz (1902-1985); married sister of his sister-in-law, Wanda Adelheid Hjort (b.1902) and had issue
418:
640:
and politician; married Astrid Marie Hjort (1896-1948), daughter of Prof. Dr. Johan Hjort (1869-1948) and his wife, Wanda Marie von der
1073:
1033:
1083:
814:
1078:
698:
Die baltische
Landeswehr im Befreiungskampf gegen den Bolschevismus. Ein Gedenkbuch, herausgegeben vom baltischen Landeswehrein
629:
20:
824:
735:
Von den baltische Provinzen zu den baltischen Staaten. Beiträge zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Republiken Estland und Lettland
180:
414:
983:
1053:
914:
715:
Między wojną a pokojem. Niemieckie zamysły wojenne na wschodzie w obliczu traktatu wersalskiego. Marzec-kwiecień 1919
350:, he was the son of Count Gustav Albrecht von der Goltz (1831-1909) and his wife, Cäcilie von Perbandt (1839-1871).
75:
53:
46:
1013:
529:(Cēsis), but in the battles over the following few days, they were defeated by the 3rd Estonian Division (led by
359:
874:
330:
in 1919 and were eventually unsuccessful in retaining German control over Latvia and Estonia after World War I.
878:
311:
286:
941:
840:
264:
960:
1058:
979:
534:
260:
210:
1043:
577:
From 1924 to 1930, he headed a German association for the military education of the German youth named
966:
407:
514:
units moved on to capture Riga on May 23, 1919. The Latvian nationalists sought assistance from the
362:
in France, Goltz was transferred to Finland in March 1918 to help the nationalist government in the
510:
German population. The Latvian nationalist government was deposed while the Freikorps, Latvian and
40:
378:, Finland, between 3 April and 5 April 1918, and then marched on the socialist-controlled capital
438:
134:
327:
57:
1008:
906:
Walking Since Daybreak: A Story of Eastern Europe, World War II, and the Heart of Our Century
853:
Edvard Hjelt, 1919: Vaiherikkailta vuosilta – Muistelmat II: Sotavuodet ja oleskelu Saksassa.
506:
402:
395:
391:
1003:
998:
470:
242:
142:
401:
as being the "true regent of Finland". In the summer of 1918, Goltz wanted to replace the
8:
595:
390:
until December 1918 and was a major political influence in the country, described by the
371:
303:
238:
383:
147:
138:
710:
107:
910:
820:
670:
387:
363:
307:
256:
281:
862:
975:
959:
904:
900:
476:
447:
433:. As many of the demoralised German soldiers were being withdrawn from Latvia, a
398:
252:
530:
571:
546:
511:
460:
375:
549:(Petrograd) and to install a pro-German anti-Bolshevist government in Russia.
992:
339:
315:
228:
198:
172:
326:
and their local allies in Latvia. The troops commanded by Goltz suffered a
863:
Ilta-Sanomat: Kenraali von der Goltz oli hetken Suomen rautakansleri 1918.
343:
130:
553:
482:
347:
299:
298:(8 December 1865 – 4 November 1946) was a German army general during the
679:
Im Kampf gegen den Bolschevismus. Erinnerungen von Pavel Bermond-Awaloff
417:, von der Goltz and his division left Helsinki on 16 December 1918. The
692:
Darstellungen aus den Nachkriegskämpfen deutscher Truppen und Freikorps
618:
602:
518:
army which had been occupying northern Latvia since earlier that year.
323:
274:
168:
491:
622:
495:
434:
499:
464:
430:
379:
686:
Die letzte Front. Geschichte der Eiserne Division im Baltikum 1919
570:(United Patriotic Associations of Germany) he participated in the
526:
505:
After the Bolsheviks had been driven out from most of Latvia, the
641:
614:
515:
426:
176:
972:
The name and pre-1918 data for this article seem to be garbled.
637:
585:
submission of the Economic Policy Association Frankfurt am Main
422:
319:
151:
737:, vol. I (1917–1918), vol. II (1919–1920) (Marburg 1971, 1977)
322:, which in 1919 was instrumental in the defeat of the Russian
793:
764:
538:
812:
803:. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.
774:. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.
786:
757:
455:
93:
1069:
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 1st Class
429:
to prevent the area from being re-occupied by the Soviet
705:
Sprawy łotewskie w bałtyckiej polityce Niemiec 1914-1919
561:
Vereinigten vaterländischen Verbände Deutschlands (VvVD)
502:, and then advancing south and east to retake Riga.
408:
Allied units intervening in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk
1049:
Military personnel from the Province of Brandenburg
370:troops. He commanded the German expedition unit ("
1064:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
797:, not a first or middle name. The female form is
768:, not a first or middle name. The female form is
601:He died on the Kinsegg estate, in the village of
525:units launched an attack to capture areas around
19:For the German lawyer and Nazi Party member, see
990:
813:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005).
976:Newspaper clippings about Rüdiger von der Goltz
296:Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz
1024:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
580:Arbeitsgemeinschaft der vaterländischen Jugend
1039:People of the Finnish Civil War (White side)
798:
784:
769:
755:
578:
468:
490:In late February 1919, only the seaport of
1019:People of the Estonian War of Independence
421:insisted that the German troops remain in
106:
942:"Graf Rüdiger von der Goltz: Genealogics"
841:"Graf Rüdiger von der Goltz: Genealogics"
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
899:
671:Meine Sendung im Finland und im Baltikum
481:
289:with crossed swords and precious stones
39:This article includes a list of general
909:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
903:(14 September 2000). "Baltic Battles".
729:Walka o niepodległość Estonii 1914-1920
621:(1851-1903), paternal granddaughter of
306:, which successfully intervened in the
991:
783:Regarding personal names: Until 1919,
754:Regarding personal names: Until 1919,
722:Walka o niepodległość Łotwy 1914-1921
366:there against the Finnish "Reds" and
16:German military personnel (1865–1946)
651:von der Goltz (1895-1914); unmarried
25:
1029:German Army generals of World War I
583:. On 17 July 1931 he delivered the
21:Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz (lawyer)
13:
961:"Goltz, Karl, Count von der"
867:
419:Inter-Allied Commission of Control
314:, Goltz commanded the army of the
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1095:
952:
1074:20th-century Freikorps personnel
630:Count Gustav Adolf Karl Joachim
608:
191:
30:
1034:People of the Russian Civil War
662:
498:(Ventspils), the major port of
406:use Finnish forces against the
358:A Major-General commanding the
1084:Baltische Landeswehr personnel
934:
893:
856:
847:
833:
806:
777:
748:
382:, which surrendered after the
1:
1079:German expatriates in Finland
879:Public Broadcasting of Latvia
454:) was formed and deployed in
333:
312:Armistice of 11 November 1918
287:Order of the Cross of Liberty
265:Estonian War of Independence
7:
980:20th Century Press Archives
875:"A Different War in Latvia"
791:was a title, translated as
762:was a title, translated as
535:West Russian Volunteer Army
413:After the 11 November 1918
318:-established government of
261:Latvian War of Independence
10:
1100:
18:
1054:Major generals of Prussia
644:(1869-1952) and had issue
353:
270:
248:
234:
224:
216:
204:
186:
158:
117:
105:
90:
741:
677:Bermond-Awaloff, Pavel:
668:Goltz, Rüdiger von der:
541:mutiny' of August 1919.
967:Encyclopædia Britannica
594:to the Reich President
552:He participated in the
486:Goltz in Finland (1918)
360:1st Foot Guard Regiment
181:Allied-occupied Germany
146:(present-day Sulechow,
135:Province of Brandenburg
60:more precise citations.
970:(12th ed.). 1922.
799:
785:
770:
756:
579:
487:
469:
451:
328:defeat against Estonia
727:Paluszyński, Tomasz:
720:Paluszyński, Tomasz:
485:
392:Quartermaster General
217:Years of service
100:Rüdiger von der Goltz
1014:People from Sulechów
623:Karl August von Hase
605:, Germany, in 1946.
574:in the early 1930s.
559:As President of the
471:Baltische Landeswehr
403:Finnish White forces
279:Iron Cross 2nd Class
243:Baltische Landeswehr
211:Imperial German Army
143:German Confederation
625:. His three sons:
613:On 3 March 1893 in
596:Paul von Hindenburg
374:") which landed at
372:Baltic Sea Division
304:Baltic Sea Division
302:. He commanded the
239:Baltic Sea Division
1059:German monarchists
556:of 13 March 1920.
488:
384:Battle of Helsinki
285:1st Class of the
148:Lubusz Voivodeship
139:Kingdom of Prussia
1044:Counts in Germany
826:978-1-85109-420-2
684:Bischoff, Josef:
674:, (Leipzig, 1920)
388:Finnish Civil War
308:Finnish Civil War
293:
292:
257:Finnish Civil War
86:
85:
78:
1091:
971:
963:
946:
945:
938:
932:
931:
925:
923:
901:Eksteins, Modris
897:
891:
890:
888:
886:
871:
865:
860:
854:
851:
845:
844:
837:
831:
830:
810:
804:
802:
790:
781:
775:
773:
761:
752:
593:
582:
569:
474:
452:Eiserne Division
446:
437:unit called the
342:noble family in
206:
197:
195:
194:
165:
127:
125:
110:
88:
87:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1088:
989:
988:
958:
955:
950:
949:
940:
939:
935:
921:
919:
917:
898:
894:
884:
882:
873:
872:
868:
861:
857:
852:
848:
839:
838:
834:
827:
811:
807:
782:
778:
753:
749:
744:
711:Łossowski Piotr
703:Kiewisz, Leon:
665:
636:(1894-1976), a
611:
587:
563:
477:Alfred Fletcher
475:, led by Major
442:
439:"Iron Division"
399:Hannes Ignatius
356:
336:
300:First World War
284:
280:
278:
263:
259:
255:
253:First World War
241:
192:
190:
167:
163:
162:4 November 1946
145:
129:
128:8 December 1865
123:
121:
113:
101:
98:
97:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
51:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1097:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
987:
986:
973:
954:
953:External links
951:
948:
947:
933:
915:
892:
866:
855:
846:
832:
825:
805:
776:
746:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
732:
725:
724:(Warsaw, 1999)
718:
717:(Warsaw, 1976)
708:
701:
695:
689:
688:(Berlin, 1935)
682:
681:(Berlin, 1925)
675:
664:
661:
660:
659:
652:
645:
610:
607:
572:Harzburg Front
547:St. Petersburg
461:Baltic Germans
368:Soviet Russian
355:
352:
338:Born into the
335:
332:
291:
290:
282:Pour le Mérite
272:
268:
267:
250:
246:
245:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
188:
184:
183:
166:(aged 80)
160:
156:
155:
119:
115:
114:
111:
103:
102:
99:
91:
84:
83:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1096:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
985:
981:
977:
974:
969:
968:
962:
957:
956:
943:
937:
930:
918:
916:9780547349626
912:
908:
907:
902:
896:
881:. 7 June 2018
880:
876:
870:
864:
859:
850:
842:
836:
828:
822:
818:
817:
809:
801:
796:
795:
789:
788:
780:
772:
767:
766:
760:
759:
751:
747:
736:
733:
731:(Posen, 2007)
730:
726:
723:
719:
716:
712:
709:
707:(Posen, 1970)
706:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
672:
667:
666:
657:
653:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
634:von der Goltz
633:
628:
627:
626:
624:
620:
616:
609:Personal life
606:
604:
599:
597:
591:
586:
581:
575:
573:
567:
562:
557:
555:
550:
548:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
512:White Russian
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
484:
480:
478:
473:
472:
466:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
404:
400:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
341:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
288:
283:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
229:Major General
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
209:
203:
200:
199:German Empire
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
173:Upper Bavaria
170:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
120:
116:
112:Goltz in 1918
109:
104:
96:
95:
89:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1009:Goltz family
965:
936:
927:
920:. Retrieved
905:
895:
883:. Retrieved
869:
858:
849:
835:
819:. ABC-CLIO.
815:
808:
792:
779:
763:
750:
734:
728:
721:
714:
704:
700:(Riga, 1929)
697:
691:
685:
678:
669:
663:Bibliography
656:Georg-Conrad
655:
648:
631:
612:
600:
576:
558:
551:
543:
531:Ernst Põdder
522:
520:
504:
489:
412:
357:
337:
316:local German
295:
294:
249:Battles/wars
164:(1946-11-04)
92:
72:
66:January 2023
63:
44:
1004:1946 deaths
999:1865 births
816:World War I
588: [
564: [
554:Kapp Putsch
467:formed the
348:Brandenburg
58:introducing
993:Categories
922:5 February
619:Kalckreuth
603:Bernbeuren
523:Landeswehr
396:White Army
334:Early life
324:Bolsheviks
275:Iron Cross
187:Allegiance
169:Bernbeuren
124:1865-12-08
41:references
463:and some
444:‹See Tfd›
435:Freikorps
415:armistice
364:civil war
344:Züllichau
277:1st Class
220:1885–1918
131:Züllichau
537:in the "
516:Estonian
500:Courland
465:Latvians
431:Red Army
380:Helsinki
235:Commands
205:Service/
982:of the
978:in the
929:mutiny.
642:Marwitz
632:Rüdiger
615:Potsdam
427:Estonia
394:of the
177:Bavaria
54:improve
913:
885:8 June
823:
800:Gräfin
771:Gräfin
654:Count
647:Count
638:lawyer
527:Wenden
507:Allies
496:Windau
448:German
423:Latvia
354:Career
320:Latvia
271:Awards
207:branch
196:
152:Poland
43:, but
794:Count
765:Count
742:Notes
592:]
568:]
539:Mitau
492:Libau
376:Hanko
340:Goltz
924:2024
911:ISBN
887:2018
821:ISBN
787:Graf
758:Graf
649:Hans
456:Riga
425:and
225:Rank
159:Died
118:Born
94:Graf
984:ZBW
995::
964:.
926:.
877:.
713:,
598:.
590:de
566:de
479:.
450::
410:.
346:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
150:,
141:,
137:,
133:,
944:.
889:.
843:.
829:.
441:(
154:)
126:)
122:(
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)