320:
236:
33:
163:
114:
2023:
3347:
798:
202:. Although Dutch political influence severely limited their autonomy throughout the colonial period, the two kingdoms continued to serve as symbols of Javanese courtly culture. In the lowland rural areas of Java, the presence of a centralized indigenous bureaucracy strengthened state control over uncultivated land and helped transform the peasantry from independent smallholders to agricultural laborers.
266:, often a polity with a semi-autonomous history. The position of a bupati was often inherited from father to son, a practice allowed under the 1854 Dutch Constitutions, and families of the bupati often formed a local aristocratic class. The bupati is subordinate to, and usually has a one-to-one correspondence with, the assistant resident ‒ the lowest-ranking official of the Binnenlands Bestuur.
391:
1950s. However, the strategic top echelons were dominated by an elite group of 100,000 Dutch-trained senior officials, which were concentrated in the
Ministry of the Interior. By the 1980s, Indonesia’s civil service expanded to approximately 2 million members, which amounted to 13.9 civil servants per 1,000 of the population, in contrast to the much lower 3.7 per 1,000 in 1950.
390:
The recognition of the
Republic of Indonesia in 1949 by Dutch authorities resulted in the integration of bureaucratic institutions from Dutch-controlled federal states into the new Republic. The number of civil servants in Indonesia thus grew from 115,000 in the late 1920s to 400,000 in the early
614:
The principal religion of the ethnic
Javanese populace in the provinces of Central Java, East Java, and the Special Region of Yogyakarta is Islam, although there are minorities of Roman Catholic Christians, Protestant Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucianists. Within Javanese Islam, Geertz
286:
stature included tax officials, prosecutors, and officials attached to police units. By 1931, Europeans accounted only for 10 percent of the entire state apparatus in the Dutch East Indies, and over 250,000 native officials were on the state payroll. In Java, a class distinction existed between
687:
distinguish themselves from the peasantry and the merchant class by defining their work for the government as alus ("refined"), as opposed to trading, farming, and laboring, which are defined as kasar ("unrefined"). An early 19th-century poem, "Suluk Mas
Nganten," written by Jayadiningrat I, a
341:("Ethical Politics") as an official policy. The Ethical Politics paradigm extended the colonial state control through educational, religious, agricultural, resource extraction, and political surveillance institutions over the native population until
162:
382:. The emergence of other ethnic nationalist groups and Indies-nationalist political parties in Java later eclipsed Javanese nationalism and gave rise to the emergence of a broader, Indonesian-language nationalism throughout the 1920s and 30s.
345:
of 1942. Western-style education became available to the native populace, although only the wealthy could afford tuition at the secondary and tertiary institutions where Dutch was the primary language of instruction. Among the
Javanese,
398:
does not have a formal presence in post-independence
Indonesian law, proximity to the executive branches of the state, which it symbolizes, remained a popular mode of upward socio-political mobility from the 1950s and after. The
373:
figures such as
Soetatmo Soeriekosomo (1888-1924) and Noto Soeroto (1888-1951), who are advocates for ethnic nationalism through the Committee for Javanese Nationalism, as well as advocates of Indies-wide nationalism, such as
138:("the king’s brothers"), nobles, officials, administrators, and chiefs were integrated into a patron-client relationship with the Sultan to preside over the peripheries of the kingdom. The homeland of
789:
has been adopted as a national language, and new styles of
Indonesian and Javanese have emerged as a continuation of the krama and ngoko registers in official publications and popular literature.
635:, and Islamic canon law. In contrast, the abangan tend to be from village peasant backgrounds and absorb both Hindu and Muslim elements, forming a culture of animist and folk traditions. The
319:
773:("informal"). Mastery of krama, a set of registers primarily spoken up the social hierarchy, requires high levels of education. Towards the end of the 19th century, when younger cadres of
745:
women often supplemented their household income by selling homemade textiles and craftswear, although trading in public places is seen as inappropriate for upper- and middle-class
2044:
221:
By 1926, the
Binnenlands Bestuur in the directly ruled areas of Java and Madura consisted of the following offices with territorial responsibilities, in descending order:
2514:
2115:
142:
culture is attributed to
Mataram’s center, namely the Javanese-speaking middle and eastern parts of Java. Although "Javanized" by Mataram’s political expansion, the
2795:
765:
prestige during the Dutch colonial era when the majority of Java’s population was illiterate. The two major levels of discourse in the Javanese language are
235:
32:
2056:
369:
following, the Boedi Oetomo was the first in a series of indigenous political activism in the Dutch East Indies. The Boedi Oetomo gave rise to prominent
639:
stream is the traditional bureaucratic elite and was strongly driven by hierarchical Hindu-Javanese tradition. The santri are sometimes referred to as
539:. These titles were hereditary to some extent; a son would inherit a title one level lower than his parent unless it was already of the lowest rank.
812:
are patrons and practitioners of classical, courtly Javanese art forms, which they regard as alus and refined in contrast to the peasant art forms:
1614:
Hagen, James (1997). "'Read All about It': The Press and the Rise of National Consciousness in Early Twentieth-Century Dutch East Indies Society".
73:
1748:
Schijf, Huibert; The, Bernardine Anne-Mei (1992). "Chinese Doctors in the Dutch East Indies: Social Mobility among an Ethnic Trading Minority".
2442:
1679:
3250:
1959:
342:
3028:
2499:
647:
is closer to the abangan tradition than the santri, because it combines Indic polytheism and Islamic monotheism. Public rituals, such as
3011:
821:; the shadow-play that performs Javanese retellings of the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the history of pre-colonial Javanese kingdoms
411:
and corporatist values in the Indonesian civil service, especially through the establishment of the Indonesian Civil Servants' Corps (
210:
Outside of the areas ruled directly by Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Dutch colonial authorities established two civil service bodies: the
2984:
2972:
134:("court") culture from which the Sultan emerged as a charismatic figure who ruled over a relatively independent aristocracy. Named
781:
not only as a language used at work when interacting with the Dutch but also at home and among Javanese circles. The colonial era
3303:
2881:
667:, the nine Islamic saints of Java, and are closer to the santri in their religious practices than their hinterland counterparts.
3290:
2452:
3217:
4016:
3325:
2572:
2447:
1787:
Shiraishi, Takashi (1981). "The Disputes between Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo and Soetatmo Soeriokoesoemo: Satria vs. Pandita".
3675:
3163:
2432:
1580:"Conservative Corporatist: Nationalist Thoughts of Aristocrats: The ideas of Soetatmo Soeriokoesoemo and Noto Soeroto"
683:
of the Dutch colonial period are white-collar government employees who work as bureaucrats, teachers, and clerks. The
2340:
2083:
1931:
1654:
1527:
Carey, Peter (1997). "Civilization on Loan: The Making of an Upstart Polity: Mataram and Its Successors, 1600-1830".
1478:
3864:
3243:
2830:
1952:
323:
A group portrait of J. Visser and students at the OSVIA, a training school for native government officials in the
2567:
3158:
2805:
1400:
679:
is the class of the landed gentry of towns and urban population centers. Unlike feudal landlords, however, the
631:. Members of the santri stream are more likely to be urban dwellers and tend to be oriented to the mosque, the
1688:
3920:
3887:
3839:
3734:
3212:
3207:
2457:
2049:
1715:
354:
353:
Nationalistic sentiments among Javanese elites who received Dutch education were formative in the era of the
251:
In turn, there were three pangreh praja offices with territorial responsibilities, staffed by the indigenous
1488:
Brenner, Suzanne A. (1991). "Competing Hierarchies: Merchants and the Priyayi Elite in Solo, Central Java".
661:
families on the coastal center and eastern parts of the island, however, emphasize genealogical ties to the
350:
men were the first to be educated at Western-style institutions before entering the colonial civil service.
3297:
3143:
2913:
2672:
2252:
866:
170:, Raden Tumenggung Musono went in gala dress for his installation, accompanied by lower-ranking officials,
101:
to administer the principalities he had conquered. Initially court officials in pre-colonial kingdoms, the
4026:
3368:
3313:
3236:
3138:
2120:
1945:
3717:
2531:
1727:
Schiel, Tilman (1990). "'Petani' and 'Priyayi': The Transformation of Java and the Rise of Despotism".
602:("outer human behavior"). As a feudalistic subculture in Javanese society distinct from the peasantry,
105:
moved into the colonial civil service and then on to administrators of the modern Indonesian Republic.
2930:
4021:
3523:
3437:
3194:
2925:
2785:
2643:
2395:
427:
class used an elaborate title system. Some of the commonly used titles among Javanese nobility were:
17:
3802:
3709:
2918:
2720:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2536:
2462:
2282:
1826:
Suryadinata, Leo (1978). "Indonesian Nationalism and the Pre-War Youth Movement: A Reexamination".
187:
3572:
3566:
3559:
2677:
2623:
2472:
2437:
2427:
2300:
1982:
361:, the first indigenous political society in the Dutch East Indies, was established by a group of
147:
128:, an Islamic polity in south-central Java that reached its peak in the 17th century, developed a
98:
2854:
3816:
2770:
2628:
2587:
2477:
2365:
2217:
2179:
1987:
375:
1428:
Anderson, Benedict; Soejatno (1974). "Revolution and Social Tensions in Surakarta 1945-1950".
3638:
3184:
2800:
2526:
2467:
2242:
891:
400:
696:
as a charismatic power, and not just socio-economic stature, that merchants cannot achieve:
3854:
3308:
2735:
2725:
2509:
2237:
2222:
2061:
337:
195:
365:
doctors and medical students in 1908. Although the group was confined to a Javanese, male
113:
8:
3822:
3768:
3704:
3633:
3595:
2989:
2775:
2730:
2325:
1401:"The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence"
896:
829:; the percussion orchestra that accompanies wayang performances or performs independently
786:
3882:
3849:
3727:
3722:
3699:
3544:
3458:
3405:
3285:
3189:
2780:
2700:
2482:
2262:
2194:
2098:
1968:
1903:
1874:
1814:
1775:
1673:
1631:
1515:
1455:
1417:
871:
643:("the white ones") as distinct from the 'red' abangan. In general, the religion of the
191:
129:
64:
741:
families, however, also engage in trading through informal channels. Until the 1980s,
295:"), a group well connected to the aristocratic elite in Surakarta and Yogyakarta, and
3829:
3807:
3797:
3792:
3763:
3758:
3432:
3330:
3116:
2765:
2715:
2710:
2546:
2390:
2345:
2227:
2184:
2152:
2088:
1927:
1650:
1474:
758:
332:
324:
199:
179:
125:
117:
78:
60:
4011:
3874:
3869:
3773:
3693:
3661:
3644:
3628:
3453:
3382:
2848:
2633:
2551:
2521:
2380:
2310:
1895:
1864:
1856:
1835:
1804:
1796:
1765:
1757:
1736:
1710:
1700:
1623:
1591:
1566:
1536:
1505:
1497:
1445:
1437:
861:
154:
retain ethnic, linguistic, and cultural differences from the Mataramese heartland.
143:
3844:
3670:
3622:
3490:
3153:
3148:
3133:
2886:
2760:
2695:
2504:
2355:
2199:
2108:
1644:
1468:
575:
3834:
3752:
3688:
3682:
3578:
3518:
3389:
2951:
2705:
2690:
2375:
2370:
2350:
2320:
2305:
2189:
2162:
2068:
778:
379:
307:
from the peasantry is much greater than that separating the priyagung from the
240:
3584:
1839:
1705:
1596:
1579:
1570:
1540:
1408:
Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogenesis of people in Indonesian Archipelago
4005:
3980:
3589:
3179:
2996:
2945:
2577:
2541:
2267:
2157:
777:
received Dutch-language education, the Javanese "inner elite" began adopting
3975:
3090:
3085:
2638:
2487:
2335:
2315:
2257:
2232:
2142:
2137:
2078:
2073:
876:
563:
358:
843:; rigid forms of poetry that is recited or sung with gamelan accompaniment
606:
culture emphasizes the alus over the kasar, and the batin over the lahir.
97:
or governors, the first of whom were appointed in the 17th century by the
3957:
3912:
3549:
3095:
3016:
2597:
2385:
2272:
2247:
2172:
2167:
2132:
2022:
1689:"Indonesia in the 1950s: Nation, Modernity, and the Post-Colonial State"
3949:
3033:
2962:
2790:
2682:
2422:
2360:
2277:
2147:
2127:
2103:
1907:
1878:
1818:
1779:
1635:
1519:
1459:
802:
663:
547:
37:
1992:
1869:
1847:
Sutherland, Heather (1973). "Notes on Java's Regent Families Part 1".
1809:
1770:
1557:
Evers, Hans-Dieter (1997). "The Bureaucratization of Southeast Asia".
1510:
1450:
262:("Regent"); approximately 70 positions. A bupati is responsible for a
3931:
3335:
3228:
3110:
3047:
3041:
2977:
2876:
2742:
2093:
1937:
1924:
Etat colonial, noblesse et nationalisme à Java. La Tradition parfaite
689:
632:
263:
86:
3474:
1899:
1860:
1800:
1761:
1627:
1501:
1441:
3859:
3377:
3320:
3270:
3259:
3074:
3052:
3023:
2967:
2492:
1740:
886:
835:; dramatizations of wayang stories and myths that are retold orally
785:, therefore, became a largely bilingual class. Since independence,
648:
555:
551:
167:
68:
3986:
3903:
3496:
2957:
2940:
2903:
2898:
2864:
2000:
881:
839:
825:
617:
404:
214:("Interior Administration"), staffed by Dutch officials, and the
41:
797:
3480:
3346:
3057:
3006:
3001:
2935:
2908:
2893:
2869:
2859:
2618:
2010:
817:
623:
412:
151:
651:, or the communal feast, are practiced in abangan peasant and
511:
The order of precedence for male nobility titles is: a simple
460:: additional title, used by nobility who held a Regency office
93:
is a Javanese word originally denoting the descendants of the
3967:
3105:
2840:
2835:
2330:
1419:
Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia
847:
966:
964:
3939:
3467:
3100:
3080:
2825:
82:
1643:
Ibrahim, Ahmad; Siddique, Sharon; Hussain, Yasmin (1985).
198:
became centers of Javanese political power since the 1755
961:
2796:
Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism
496:): a title used by unmarried female nobility lower than
282:
Other colonial government employees considered to be of
1642:
1193:
278:("Sub-District Chief"); approximately 1,200 positions.
479:: a title used by married female nobility lower than
519:, and then the higher titles are compound titles of
303:"). Nonetheless, the social distance separating the
218:("Ruler of the Realm"), the indigenous bureaucracy.
1729:
Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia
615:identified three alirans, or cultural streams: the
190:(VOC) and the collapse of Mataram, the Sunanate of
1470:A learner's comprehensive dictionary of Indonesian
1416:
722:Again there is the shame of one who held a wedding
1716:20.500.11755/2fd66373-1f4e-4a35-b415-831be5e36afa
4003:
1427:
1039:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
272:("District Chief"); approximately 400 positions.
1330:
1328:
1326:
1130:
1128:
1126:
915:
913:
911:
2443:Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
1050:
1048:
562:" (Ra-hadi-an), meaning "Lord" or "Master" in
231:Assistant Resident; approximately 70 positions
120:during Sultan Agung's reign, mid-17th century.
3244:
1953:
1277:
1275:
1214:
1212:
1000:
1693:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1584:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1323:
1123:
1089:
1087:
908:
1886:Sutherland, Heather (1975). "The Priyayi".
1825:
1466:
1182:
1117:
1045:
558:, both of which are derived from the word "
468:: a title used by male nobility lower than
385:
239:Raden Tumenggung Danoediningrat, Regent of
3251:
3237:
1960:
1946:
1885:
1846:
1678:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1559:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1547:
1272:
1230:
1209:
1170:
1015:
970:
955:
931:
675:While the abangan are often peasants, the
1868:
1808:
1786:
1769:
1747:
1714:
1704:
1595:
1509:
1449:
1105:
1084:
1066:
1686:
1663:
1649:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
1414:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1158:
1134:
1054:
1027:
919:
796:
670:
318:
314:
234:
161:
112:
31:
27:Dutch-era class of nobility in Indonesia
1550:Historical Dictionary of Southeast Asia
1487:
1398:
1317:
1305:
1204:
1198:
14:
4004:
3258:
2453:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
1967:
1726:
1604:
1382:
1293:
1281:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1218:
1194:Ibrahim, Siddique & Hussain (1985)
994:
943:
731:He yearned to follow the style of the
578:explained two cultural oppositions in
569:
108:
3232:
1941:
1613:
1577:
1556:
1548:Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
1526:
1146:
1093:
1078:
982:
335:government established the so-called
205:
44:can be seen sitting behind the regent
36:Portrait of Banjoemas, the Regent of
2573:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
2448:Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
228:Resident; approximately 20 positions
146:-speaking western part of Java, the
1646:Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia
1423:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
598:("inner human experience") against
452:: used by unmarried female nobility
24:
1916:
1828:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
515:is the lowest, followed by simple
378:(1886-1943) who later founded the
157:
25:
4038:
2801:Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya
2084:Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi
851:; textile-making with wax and dye
757:Literacy and command of multiple
582:worldview that characterizes the
574:American cultural anthropologist
507:: a title for male petty nobility
444:: used by married female nobility
3345:
2021:
1687:Nordholt, Henk Schulte (2011).
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1187:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1111:
1099:
1072:
1060:
1033:
701:Ana maneh nisthane wong memantu
2806:December 2016 Jakarta protests
2687:Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
1552:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
1406:. In Alexander Adelaar (ed.).
1040:Anderson & Soejatno (1974)
1021:
988:
976:
949:
937:
925:
13:
1:
2458:Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
1467:Atmosumarto, Sutanto (2004).
1391:
355:Indonesian National Awakening
244:
3218:National Heroes of Indonesia
3144:Islamic criminal law in Aceh
2673:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
2500:Muslim Students' Association
2253:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
867:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
7:
4017:Social history of Indonesia
3139:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
1415:Anderson, Benedict (1990).
1399:Adelaar, Alexander (2006).
855:
752:
609:
150:, and the nearby island of
10:
4043:
2045:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari
1609:. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
761:registers were sources of
725:There was a petty merchant
3966:
3948:
3930:
3911:
3902:
3783:
3745:
3654:
3615:
3608:
3534:
3508:
3446:
3425:
3418:
3398:
3361:
3354:
3343:
3278:
3267:
3203:
3172:
3126:
3066:
2926:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
2818:
2786:Maluku sectarian conflict
2751:
2663:
2656:
2644:Mujahidin Indonesia Timur
2611:
2560:
2415:
2408:
2396:Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya
2291:
2208:
2037:
2030:
2019:
1975:
1922:Bertrand, Romain (2005).
1840:10.1017/S0022463400009553
1723:Schiel (1975), p. 79
1706:10.1163/22134379-90003577
1664:McDonald, Hamish (1980).
1616:Anthropological Quarterly
1605:Geertz, Clifford (1960).
1597:10.1163/22134379-90003551
1571:10.1017/S0010417500014833
1541:10.1017/s0026749x00017121
418:
394:Although the status of a
186:After the arrival of the
148:easternmost parts of Java
2721:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
2603:United Development Party
2593:Prosperous Justice Party
2583:National Awakening Party
2463:Indonesian Ulema Council
2116:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani
1231:Cribb & Kahin (2004)
1171:Cribb & Kahin (2004)
902:
386:Post-independence period
188:Dutch East India Company
3269:(*) : state where
2678:Ottoman embassy to Aceh
2473:Islamic Defenders Front
2438:Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
2428:Campus Dakwah Institute
1067:Schijf & The (1992)
792:
728:Middling was his wealth
436:: used by male nobility
407:encouraged traditional
343:the Japanese occupation
255:, in descending order:
99:Sultan Agung of Mataram
2771:Tanjung Priok massacre
2629:Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
2588:National Mandate Party
2366:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
1578:Fakih, Farabi (2012).
805:
376:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
328:
248:
183:
121:
67:, as opposed to royal
45:
2478:Liberal Islam Network
2468:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
2243:Muhammad Jamil Jambek
2158:Maulana Malik Ibrahim
1668:. Melbourne: Fontana.
892:Djajadiningrat family
801:A batik pattern from
800:
716:kepengin cara priyayi
671:Socio-economic status
322:
315:Nationalist movements
238:
225:Governor; 3 positions
180:Dutch colonial period
165:
116:
35:
3213:History of Indonesia
3208:Mosques in Indonesia
2736:Yogyakarta Sultanate
2301:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
2238:Tahir bin Jalaluddin
2223:Abdul Karim Amrullah
1607:The Religion of Java
1529:Modern Asian Studies
706:ana ta sudagar cilik
692:courtier, describes
590:("refined") against
586:as a social status:
196:Sultanate Yogyakarta
3331:South Africa (Zulu)
2776:Talangsari incident
2568:Crescent Star Party
2326:Abdullah Gymnastiar
1926:. Karthala. Paris.
1666:Suharto's Indonesia
897:Han family of Lasem
594:("unrefined"), and
570:Cultural attributes
212:Binnenlands Bestuur
109:Pre-colonial period
40:, with his wife. A
4027:Islam in Indonesia
2781:Insurgency in Aceh
2701:Kingdom of Kaimana
2483:Majelis Rasulullah
2263:Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
2195:Burhanuddin Ulakan
2099:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
2074:Yusuf al-Makassari
1969:Islam in Indonesia
1373:, pp. 144–147
1183:Atmosumarto (2004)
1120:, pp. 104–107
1118:Suryadinata (1978)
985:, pp. 711–713
872:Javanese Kshatriya
806:
655:households alike.
546:is related to the
329:
249:
206:Government offices
184:
122:
65:nobles of the robe
53:(former spelling:
46:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3898:
3897:
3812:Baltic countries
3604:
3603:
3414:
3413:
3226:
3225:
3117:Tafsir Al-Mishbah
2814:
2813:
2766:Petition of Fifty
2726:Ternate Sultanate
2716:Mataram Sultanate
2711:Malacca Sultanate
2652:
2651:
2561:Political parties
2547:Sumatera Thawalib
2537:Rabithah Alawiyah
2404:
2403:
2391:Abdurrahman Wahid
2346:Nurcholish Madjid
2185:Ali Mughayat Syah
2180:Abdurrauf Singkil
2153:Sunan Gunung Jati
2089:Abdullah al-Misri
2057:Nawawi al-Bantani
1042:, pp. 99–100
1016:Sutherland (1973)
971:Sutherland (1975)
956:Sutherland (1975)
932:Sutherland (1975)
759:Javanese language
711:awatara sugihipun
338:Ethische Politiek
333:Dutch East Indies
325:Dutch East Indies
243:, with his wife.
200:Treaty of Giyanti
126:Mataram Sultanate
118:Mataram Sultanate
16:(Redirected from
4034:
4022:Javanese culture
3958:Marshall Islands
3909:
3908:
3784:Central, Eastern
3613:
3612:
3423:
3422:
3359:
3358:
3349:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3195:Central Sulawesi
3037:
3020:
2993:
2981:
2890:
2849:Babad Tanah Jawi
2731:Tidore Sultanate
2661:
2660:
2634:Jamaah Islamiyah
2552:Wahdah Islamiyah
2522:Nahdlatul Wathan
2413:
2412:
2381:Said Aqil Siradj
2311:Abu Bakar Bashir
2124:
2065:
2053:
2035:
2034:
2025:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1911:
1882:
1872:
1843:
1822:
1812:
1783:
1773:
1744:
1720:
1718:
1708:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1639:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1574:
1553:
1544:
1523:
1513:
1484:
1473:. Atma Stanton.
1463:
1453:
1424:
1422:
1411:
1405:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1321:
1320:, pp. 78–79
1315:
1309:
1308:, pp. 67–68
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1106:Shiraishi (1981)
1103:
1097:
1091:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1069:, pp. 40–47
1064:
1058:
1052:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
973:, pp. 61–62
968:
959:
958:, pp. 57–58
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
862:Hinduism in Java
550:noble titles of
529:Raden Tumenggung
246:
21:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3991:
3962:
3944:
3926:
3894:
3785:
3779:
3741:
3683:The Netherlands
3650:
3600:
3530:
3504:
3442:
3410:
3394:
3350:
3341:
3274:
3263:
3257:
3227:
3222:
3199:
3168:
3154:Jemaah Tarbiyah
3149:Jama’ah Tabligh
3134:Islam Nusantara
3122:
3062:
3031:
3014:
2987:
2975:
2919:Istiqlal Mosque
2884:
2810:
2761:Jakarta Charter
2753:
2747:
2696:Demak Sultanate
2665:
2648:
2607:
2556:
2505:Nahdlatul Ulama
2400:
2356:Mohammad Natsir
2293:
2287:
2210:
2204:
2200:Usman bin Yahya
2118:
2109:Tuanku Tambusai
2059:
2047:
2026:
2017:
1971:
1966:
1919:
1917:Further reading
1914:
1900:10.2307/3350702
1861:10.2307/3350649
1855:(16): 112–147.
1801:10.2307/3350857
1762:10.2307/3351113
1671:
1670:
1657:
1628:10.2307/3317671
1502:10.2307/3351155
1481:
1442:10.2307/3350775
1403:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1371:Anderson (1990)
1369:
1365:
1359:Anderson (1990)
1357:
1353:
1347:Anderson (1990)
1345:
1341:
1335:Anderson (1990)
1333:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1159:Nordholt (2011)
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1135:Nordholt (2011)
1133:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1055:Anderson (1990)
1053:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1028:Anderson (1990)
1026:
1022:
1014:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
977:
969:
962:
954:
950:
942:
938:
930:
926:
922:, pp. 9–10
920:McDonald (1980)
918:
909:
905:
858:
795:
769:("formal") and
755:
673:
612:
576:Clifford Geertz
572:
421:
388:
317:
208:
160:
158:Colonial period
111:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3976:Samoan Islands
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3915:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3735:United Kingdom
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3694:United Kingdom
3691:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3665:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3617:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3383:post-Columbian
3380:
3372:
3365:
3363:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3164:Traditionalist
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3026:
3021:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2952:Sejarah Banten
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2852:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Gowa Sultanate
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Aceh Sultanate
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2371:Quraish Shihab
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:Harun Nasution
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:Djohan Effendi
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Azyumardi Azra
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:Hasyim Asy'ari
2225:
2220:
2218:Abdullah Ahmad
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:Tuanku Nan Tuo
2187:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2163:Sunan Kalijaga
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Hamzah Fansuri
2066:
2054:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:Old divisions
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1883:
1844:
1823:
1795:(32): 93–108.
1784:
1745:
1741:10.1355/sj5-1c
1724:
1721:
1699:(4): 386–404.
1684:
1661:
1655:
1640:
1622:(3): 107–126.
1611:
1602:
1590:(4): 420–444.
1575:
1565:(4): 666–685.
1554:
1545:
1535:(3): 711–734.
1524:
1485:
1479:
1464:
1436:(17): 99–111.
1425:
1412:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1322:
1318:Brenner (1991)
1310:
1306:Brenner (1991)
1298:
1286:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1208:
1205:Adelaar (2006)
1197:
1186:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1044:
1032:
1020:
999:
987:
975:
960:
948:
936:
924:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
857:
854:
853:
852:
844:
836:
830:
822:
794:
791:
754:
751:
736:
735:
729:
726:
723:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
672:
669:
611:
608:
571:
568:
542:The honorific
533:Raden Ngabehi,
509:
508:
500:
483:
472:
461:
453:
445:
437:
420:
417:
403:government of
387:
384:
380:Indische Party
316:
313:
280:
279:
276:Asisten Wedana
273:
267:
233:
232:
229:
226:
207:
204:
166:The regent of
159:
156:
110:
107:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4039:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3710:Great Britain
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3524:Indo-European
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:pre-Columbian
3376:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Tabligh Akbar
2995:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Masyumi Party
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Sarekat Islam
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:Civil society
2414:
2411:
2409:Organizations
2407:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Kartosoewirjo
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2283:Tjokroaminoto
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Mohammad Roem
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:Awakening era
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:Major figures
2029:
2024:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1933:
1932:2-84586-637-2
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:(19): 57–77.
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:(1): 99–114.
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:(53): 33–50.
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1656:9789971988081
1652:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1496:(52): 55–83.
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1480:9780954682804
1476:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1410:. Lipi Press.
1409:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1385:, p. 261
1384:
1383:Geertz (1960)
1379:
1372:
1367:
1361:, p. 134
1360:
1355:
1349:, p. 132
1348:
1343:
1337:, p. 131
1336:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1296:, p. 230
1295:
1294:Geertz (1960)
1290:
1284:, p. 229
1283:
1282:Geertz (1960)
1278:
1276:
1269:, p. 235
1268:
1267:Geertz (1960)
1263:
1257:, p. 234
1256:
1255:Geertz (1960)
1251:
1245:, p. 121
1244:
1243:Geertz (1960)
1239:
1233:, p. lxv
1232:
1227:
1221:, p. 232
1220:
1219:Geertz (1960)
1215:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1173:, p. 357
1172:
1167:
1161:, p. 400
1160:
1155:
1149:, p. 672
1148:
1143:
1137:, p. 399
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1096:, p. 420
1095:
1090:
1088:
1081:, p. 114
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1018:, p. 114
1017:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
996:
995:Schiel (1990)
991:
984:
979:
972:
967:
965:
957:
952:
945:
944:Schiel (1990)
940:
933:
928:
921:
916:
914:
912:
907:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
850:
849:
845:
842:
841:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
819:
815:
814:
813:
811:
804:
799:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
750:
748:
744:
740:
734:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
695:
691:
686:
682:
678:
668:
666:
665:
660:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
619:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
506:
505:
501:
499:
495:
494:
489:
488:
484:
482:
478:
477:
476:Raden Nganten
473:
471:
467:
466:
462:
459:
458:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
434:
430:
429:
428:
426:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
392:
383:
381:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
344:
340:
339:
334:
331:In 1901, the
326:
321:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:priyayi cilik
294:
290:
285:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
257:
256:
254:
242:
237:
230:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
217:
216:Pangreh Praja
213:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:
127:
119:
115:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
63:class of the
62:
58:
57:
52:
51:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
3817:Ritterschaft
3815:
3786:and Caucasus
3554:
3495:
3473:
3466:
3273:still exists
3185:West Sumatra
3115:
3091:Kitab kuning
3086:Jamiat Kheir
3073:
3040:
2950:
2847:
2831:Architecture
2754:independence
2666:independence
2639:Laskar Jihad
2488:Muhammadiyah
2433:Hidayatullah
2336:Wahid Hasyim
2316:Idham Chalid
2294:independence
2258:Haji Misbach
2233:Ahmad Dahlan
2143:Sunan Drajat
2138:Sunan Bonang
2079:Malikussaleh
2005:
1923:
1891:
1887:
1852:
1848:
1831:
1827:
1792:
1788:
1753:
1749:
1735:(1): 63–85.
1732:
1728:
1696:
1692:
1665:
1645:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1587:
1583:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1532:
1528:
1493:
1489:
1469:
1433:
1429:
1418:
1407:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1200:
1189:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1147:Evers (1997)
1142:
1113:
1108:, p. 93
1101:
1094:Fakih (2012)
1079:Hagen (1997)
1074:
1062:
1057:, p. 97
1035:
1030:, p. 98
1023:
997:, p. 79
990:
983:Carey (1997)
978:
951:
946:, p. 75
939:
934:, p. 58
927:
877:Javanisation
846:
838:
832:
824:
816:
809:
807:
782:
774:
770:
766:
762:
756:
746:
742:
738:
737:
732:
715:
710:
705:
700:
693:
684:
680:
676:
674:
662:
658:
657:
652:
644:
640:
636:
628:
622:
616:
613:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
564:Old Javanese
559:
543:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
510:
503:
502:
497:
492:
491:
486:
485:
480:
475:
474:
469:
464:
463:
456:
455:
448:
447:
440:
439:
432:
431:
424:
422:
408:
395:
393:
389:
370:
366:
362:
359:Boedi Oetomo
352:
347:
336:
330:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
275:
269:
259:
252:
250:
220:
215:
211:
209:
185:
175:
171:
139:
135:
130:
123:
102:
94:
90:
72:
55:
54:
49:
48:
47:
29:
3913:Australasia
3689:Switzerland
3585:Philippines
3541:Indonesia*
3096:Kota santri
3032: [
3015: [
2988: [
2976: [
2885: [
2624:Darul Islam
2598:Ummah Party
2386:Abdul Somad
2376:Ma'ruf Amin
2273:Rasuna Said
2248:Mas Mansoer
2173:Sunan Murya
2168:Sunan Kudus
2133:Sunan Ampel
2119: [
2060: [
2048: [
2038:Classic era
525:Raden Panji
498:Raden Ajeng
449:Raden Ajeng
415:) in 1971.
4006:Categories
3950:Micronesia
3855:Montenegro
3803:Azerbaijan
3321:Madagascar
2963:Serak Gulo
2941:Sholawatan
2791:Poso riots
2683:Wali Sanga
2423:Alkhairaat
2361:Amien Rais
2278:Agus Salim
2148:Sunan Giri
2128:Wali Sanga
2104:Tuanku Rao
1983:Shia Islam
1870:1813/53565
1810:1813/53733
1771:1813/53976
1511:1813/53965
1451:1813/53581
1392:References
803:Yogyakarta
787:Indonesian
664:wali sanga
627:, and the
537:Raden Aria
493:Raden Roro
487:Raden Rara
457:Tumenggung
59:) was the
38:Purwokerto
3968:Polynesia
3932:Melanesia
3921:Australia
3883:Ruthenian
3823:Lithuania
3535:Southeast
3262:by nation
3190:East Java
3173:By region
3159:Modernist
3127:Movements
3111:Pesantren
3067:Education
3048:Wetu Telu
3042:Tombo Ati
3029:Tirakatan
2904:Manakiban
2743:Padri War
2209:National
1988:Ahmadiyya
1888:Indonesia
1849:Indonesia
1789:Indonesia
1750:Indonesia
1674:cite book
1490:Indonesia
1430:Indonesia
690:Surakarta
552:Randriana
521:Raden Mas
490:(read as
481:Raden Ayu
470:Raden Mas
441:Raden Ayu
433:Raden Mas
401:New Order
289:priyagung
264:kabupaten
192:Surakarta
144:Sundanese
136:para yayi
87:Indonesia
61:Dutch-era
18:Raden Mas
3879:Ukraine
3769:Portugal
3753:Holy See
3714:Ireland
3705:Scotland
3590:Thailand
3579:Cambodia
3567:Malaysia
3555:Javanese
3545:Balinese
3491:Nobility
3459:Mongolia
3355:Americas
3304:Ethiopia
3298:Eswatini
3271:monarchy
3260:Nobility
3075:Al-Munir
3053:Yaqowiyu
3024:Tausiyah
3012:Takbiran
3007:Tahlilan
2968:Slametan
2855:Costumes
2510:GP Ansor
2493:Aisyiyah
1976:Branches
887:Slametan
856:See also
753:Language
649:slametan
610:Religion
560:Rahadyan
556:Andriana
548:Malagasy
299:("lower
291:("upper
168:Surabaya
79:Javanese
69:nobility
42:retainer
4012:Priyayi
3987:Hawai‘i
3904:Oceania
3888:Galicia
3865:Romania
3850:Hungary
3845:Germany
3840:Georgia
3835:Bohemia
3830:Croatia
3808:Austria
3798:Armenia
3793:Albania
3723:Ireland
3700:England
3671:Kingdom
3667:France
3662:Belgium
3634:Iceland
3629:Finland
3623:Denmark
3596:Vietnam
3550:Chinese
3519:Princes
3497:Yangban
3463:Japan*
3433:Lebanon
3374:Mexico
3336:Morocco
3326:Somalia
3309:Nigeria
3291:Mamluks
3058:Yasinan
2985:Suronan
2958:Sekaten
2931:Qasidah
2914:Mosques
2899:Lebaran
2865:Songkok
2819:Culture
2657:History
2612:Militia
2006:Priyayi
2001:Abangan
1993:Kejawèn
1908:3350702
1879:3350649
1819:3350857
1780:3351113
1636:3317671
1520:3351155
1460:3350775
882:Kejawen
840:tembang
826:gamelan
810:priyayi
783:priyayi
775:priyayi
763:priyayi
749:women.
747:priyayi
743:priyayi
739:Priyayi
733:priyayi
694:priyayi
685:priyayi
681:priyayi
677:priyayi
659:Priyayi
653:priyayi
645:priyayi
641:Putihan
637:priyayi
629:priyayi
618:abangan
604:priyayi
584:priyayi
580:priyayi
425:priyayi
409:priyayi
405:Suharto
396:priyayi
371:priyayi
367:priyayi
363:priyayi
348:priyayi
311:cilik.
309:priyayi
305:priyayi
301:priyayi
293:priyayi
284:priyayi
253:priyayi
140:priyayi
103:priyayi
95:adipati
91:Priyayi
74:ningrat
56:Prijaji
50:Priyayi
3875:Serbia
3870:Russia
3860:Poland
3728:Norman
3718:Gaelic
3676:Empire
3645:Sweden
3639:Norway
3609:Europe
3573:Brunei
3515:India
3487:Korea
3475:Daimyō
3438:Turkey
3406:Brazil
3369:Canada
3314:Rulers
3279:Africa
3002:Tabuik
2973:Suroan
2936:Rebana
2909:Maulid
2894:Kauman
2877:Hadroh
2870:Sarong
2860:Kupiah
2619:Banser
2527:PERSIS
2515:JATMAN
2011:Santri
1930:
1906:
1877:
1817:
1778:
1653:
1634:
1518:
1477:
1458:
818:wayang
633:Qur'an
624:santri
621:, the
419:Titles
413:KORPRI
357:. The
270:Wedana
260:Bupati
241:Kediri
176:wedana
172:patih,
152:Madura
131:kraton
81:), in
3981:Tonga
3774:Spain
3764:Malta
3759:Italy
3746:South
3616:North
3560:Malay
3509:South
3481:Meiji
3454:China
3399:South
3362:North
3286:Egypt
3106:LIPIA
3036:]
3019:]
2992:]
2980:]
2946:Saman
2889:]
2882:Khaul
2841:Tajug
2836:Bedug
2752:Post-
2532:PERTI
2331:Hamka
2292:Post-
2123:]
2094:Padri
2064:]
2052:]
1904:JSTOR
1875:JSTOR
1815:JSTOR
1776:JSTOR
1632:JSTOR
1516:JSTOR
1456:JSTOR
1404:(PDF)
903:Notes
848:batik
833:lakon
779:Dutch
771:ngoko
767:krama
600:lahir
596:batin
592:kasar
544:Raden
517:Raden
465:Raden
247:1920.
3940:Fiji
3655:West
3468:Kuge
3447:East
3426:West
3419:Asia
3390:Cuba
3180:Aceh
3101:Kyai
3081:Iqro
2826:Adat
2664:Pre-
1928:ISBN
1680:link
1651:ISBN
1475:ISBN
808:The
793:Arts
588:alus
535:and
423:The
194:and
174:and
124:The
83:Java
1896:doi
1865:hdl
1857:doi
1836:doi
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