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496:, another ally of Surabaya, in 1624 after a fierce battle. After five years of war, Agung finally conquered Surabaya in a siege in 1625. With Surabaya brought into the empire, the Mataram kingdom encompassed all of central and eastern Java (plus Madura), except for the west end of Java and its mountainous south. In the west,
630:
Apart from his conquests, the sultan also sought to rationalize and improve the internal government of his kingdom. He reformed the tax code and brought the courts and judicial system more in line with
Quranic precepts. He commissioned the building of the Karta Palace in 1614, the Royal Graveyard of
385:
Rangsang ascended to the throne when he was 20 years old, succeeding his half-brother, Duke
Martapura, who became Sultan of Mataram for only one day. Rangsang was technically the fourth Sultan of Mataram, but he is commonly considered the third sultan because the coronation of his intellectually
800:
are attributed to the court of Sultan Agung. However, there is almost no historical evidence for the claims of high artistic achievement, and there is little information at all about the arts in the court. Some written evidence comes from a handful of mentions in Dutch accounts, which can be
507:
The economy of
Mataram was centered on agriculture, thus Sultan Agung who was openly contemptuous of trade, saw no need to maintain significant naval forces. This was later to prove costly when in 1629 he attacked and attempted to drive the Dutch out of their base at the coastal city of
850:
Another version said that Sultan Agung was the son of Prince
Purbaya (Anyakrawati's brother). It was said that Prince Purbaya exchanged the baby born by his wife with the one born by Dyah Banawati. This version is an opinion of a minority whose truth has to be proven.
846:
His original name was Raden Mas
Jatmika, also popularly known as Raden Mas Rangsang. He was the son of Anyakrawati and Ratu Mas Adi Dyah Banawati. His father was Mataram's second monarch, and his mother was the daughter of Prince Benawa, the last Sultan of Pajang.
523:, then controlling Balambangan in East Java, in a "holy war" against infidels. His campaign was successful in Java, but he was unable to extend his power to the island of Bali itself. Bali thus retained its identity as a Hindu state amid the predominantly
626:
Sultan Agung's major legacy lies however in the administrative reforms he undertook in the conquered territories. The ever-increasing large territorial extent of these territories led him to create an innovative and rational administrative structure.
820:
In the syncretic religious culture of Java, with its mixture of
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam; pilgrimage to his graveyard complex is considered auspicious, and many make considerable effort to go to Imogiri at appropriate times and days in the
582:(Sunan Giri's father-in-law), to suppress the rebellion. Pangeran Pekik himself had been married to Queen Pandansari, Sultan Agung's sister, in 1633. The Giri Kedaton rebellion would be completely suppressed by them three years later.
718:
consisted generally of a formal name, for instance, "Sastradiningrat" in the case of
Karawang, preceded by "Raden Aria Adipati", hence "Raden Aria Adipati Sastradiningrat" (shortened into R. A. A. Sastradiningrat). The word
610:
to this day. In Agung's complex, Sultan Agung, Queen Batang, and their sons are also buried. Agung died in the spring of 1645, leaving behind an empire that covered most of Java and stretched to its neighboring islands.
539:
By 1625, Mataram was the undisputed ruler of most of Java. However, its military strength did not deter
Mataram's vassals from rebellion, due to his inability to conquer Batavia. Pajang rebelled in 1617, and
817:). His existence within a cultural framework where myth and magic are intertwined and the scarcity of verifiable records of his early life have elevated him to heroic and near-mythical status.
361:, a conqueror, and his existence within a cultural framework where myth and magic are intertwined with verifiable historical events and personages. The Dutch literature wrote his name as
484:(Senapati), had not felt strong enough to attack this powerful city, and his father, Panembahan Seda Krapyak, attacked it to no avail. Sultan Agung weakened Surabaya by capturing
929:
In 1640s, he used title Sultan Agung
Senapati ing Alaga Abdurrahman. In 1641, Sunan Agung had an Arabic title, Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Maulana of Mataram, bestowed by imams in
809:
Sultan Agung is revered in contemporary Java for his unification of Java, modernizing reforms, as well as his wars with the Dutch. In 1975, he was nominated and confirmed as a
357:(literally, "Great Sultan" or "Majestic Sultan") is subject to a substantial amount of literature due to his legacy as a Javanese ruler, a fighter against the incursions of the
347:
ruling from 1613 to 1645. He was a skilled soldier who conquered neighbouring states and expanded and consolidated his kingdom to its greatest territorial and military power.
1042:
1105:
1964:
658:), particularly those territories in the western part of Java, where Mataram was facing Banten and Batavia, two places that resisted his wars of conquest. A
254:
Sampeyan Dalem
Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Anyakrakusuma Senapati ing Ngalaga Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Khalifatullah Tanah Jawi
562:
Rebellions continued, the next one was the Giri Kedaton rebellion, whose people were unwilling to submit to Mataram. As Mataram's troops still respected
750:
being administrative subdivisions directly under a province. The laws on regional autonomy promulgated in 1999 give a high degree of autonomy to the
640:
449:
In 1616, Surabaya attempted to attack Mataram in retaliation, but lacking allies the Surabaya army was crushed by Sultan Agung's forces in Siwalan,
2180:
1944:
442:, but failed to conquer them both. He was however able to extract a significant indemnity and used this in 1615, to conquer Wirasaba (present-day
781:– this established a uniquely indigenous calendar that is still in use. Besides that, Sultan Agung had written a mystical manuscript, entitled
1929:
512:. Though he possessed larger and superior land-based forces, the Dutch had decisive advantages in naval power and were able to withstand the
556:
832:
His influence and imagination in the popular mind remain strong to the present day, exemplified by the making of the 2018 Indonesian film
2010:
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In the environment of Mataram Palace, Sultan Agung established a standard language called Bagongan obliged to be used by Mataram
75:
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and officials to eradicate imbalance between them. The language was created to form a unity across royal court officials. The
2261:
1091:
1238:
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had been changed since Mataram's rule in West Java, marked by the creation of a refined language only previously known in
82:
961:
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rebelled in 1627. Following the capture of Surabaya in 1625, expansion halted as the empire was beset by rebellions.
115:
559:
in West Java. Agung's attempt to capture Batavia in 1628–1629 and his attempts to drive the Dutch from Java failed.
64:
985:
408:
was built in Karta, approximately 5 km in southwest of Kotagede, which began to be occupied four years later.
922:
In his early reign, Rangsang's title was Susuhunan Anyakrakusuma or Prabu Pandita Anyakrakusuma. After conquering
386:
disabled half-brother was just to fulfill his father's promise to his wife, Queen Tulungayu, Martapura's mother.
1454:
865:
Ratu Wetan, daughter of Duke of Batang (Ki Juru Martani's granddaughter), who gave birth to RM. Sayidin (later
53:
1564:
1393:
417:
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in 1624, he changed his title to Susuhunan Agung Anyakrakusuma, abbreviated as Sunan Agung Anyakrakusuma.
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For the sake of convenience, the name used in this article is the most common and popular: Sultan Agung.
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During the second year of Sultan Agung's reign, Patih Mandaraka died of old age, and his position as
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The maximum extent of Mataram Sultanate during the reign of Sultan Agung Anyakrakusuma (1613-1645)
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In accordance with his will, Sultan Agung was succeeded by his son, RM. Sayidin, styled
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668:, for instance, was created when Sultan Agung appointed Prince Kertabumi as its first
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Surabaya had been Mataram's most formidable adversary thus far. Agung's grandfather,
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Sultan Agung became the ruler of Mataram in 1613. In the following year he attacked
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For his service as a fighter and cultural observer, Sultan Agung was declared as
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606:. Imogiri remains the resting place of most of the royalty of Yogyakarta and
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Burial place of Sultan Agung of Mataram in Imogiri, Yogyakarta (circa 1915)
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Like other Mataram's monarchs, Sultan Agung had 2 main queen consorts:
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Gamelan: Cultural Interaction and Musical Development in Central Java
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Ratu Kulon, born as Ratu Mas Tinumpak, daughter of Panembahan Ratu,
31:
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1338:
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635:, as well as other social and civic structures within the kingdom.
552:
551:). However, in 1631–1636, Mataram had to suppress the rebellion of
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The capital of Mataram during his coronation was still located in
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Sultan Agung is also attributed with the founding of the unique
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Remnants of administrative structures during the colonial period
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In 1630, Mataram crushed a rebellion in Tembayat (southeast of
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907:, Sultan Agung's successor, reigning between 1645 and 1677)
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344:
318:
S.K. President No. 106 / TK / 1975 dated November 3, 1975.
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structure. Under the colonial administration of the VOC,
519:
After the failure of the siege, Agung turned against the
684:(VOC) took control of Mataram territories, it kept the
473:, one of the oldest and biggest cities on the coast of
862:, who gave birth to RM. Syahwawrat alias Prince Alit.
438:
which lies south of Surabaya, and the eastern end of
1067:
1016:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995, p. 20.
885:
Raden Mas Sahwawrat alias Pangeran Temenggong Pajang
888:
Raden Mas Kasim alias Pangeran Demang Tanpa Nangkil
566:'s soldiers which was considered the descendant of
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
602:, his burial place, about 15 kilometers south of
267:Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Maulana Matarani al-Jawi
139:Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Maulana Matarani al-Jawi
2243:
1113:
638:He created "provinces" by appointing people as
998:Etat colonial, noblesse et nationalisme à Java
446:, near Mojokerto), an operation which he led.
1099:
469:, southeast of Surabaya, was taken in 1617.
492:, in 1622, and also captured the island of
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1092:
145:
905:Sunan Prabu Amangkurat Agung/Amangkurat I
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
589:
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397:) was occupied by Tumenggung Singaranu.
946:
2244:
1087:
1033:, Jakarta: Yudha Gama (In Indonesian)
738:. The Indonesian government kept the
1239:Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
913:Prince Danupoyo alias Raden Mas Alit
788:The development of the sacred dance
648:) at the head of territories called
598:In 1632 Sultan Agung began building
325:Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Anyakrakusuma
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
465:, was conquered later in 1616, and
13:
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504:remained outside Agung's control.
14:
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723:survived in the colonial system.
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365:(literally, "Agung the Great").
30:
19:For Sultan Agung of Banjar, see
16:Sultan of Mataram (r. 1613–1645)
1975:Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
488:, Surabaya's ally in southwest
41:needs additional citations for
2292:16th-century Indonesian people
2287:17th-century Indonesian people
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990:
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792:and important developments in
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987:Afbeelding - AMH (Berkas AMH)
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900:Pangeran Ngabehi Loring Pasar
897:Pangeran Ngabehi Loring Pasar
534:
2262:National Heroes of Indonesia
1394:Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution
1115:National Heroes of Indonesia
500:and the Dutch settlement in
418:Mataram conquest of Surabaya
375:
7:
2126:Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan
815:Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia
746:in the 1950s, resulting in
333:ꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦒꦸꦁꦲꦢꦶꦥꦿꦧꦸꦲꦚꦏꦿꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ
10:
2308:
2206:Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati
1914:Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes
1031:Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo
811:National Hero of Indonesia
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415:
370:National Hero of Indonesia
314:National Hero of Indonesia
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2111:I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung
2003:
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1274:Lambertus Nicodemus Palar
1159:Alexander Andries Maramis
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910:Gusti Ratu Ayu Wiromantri
903:Raden Mas Sayidin (later
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835:Sultan Agung Mataram 1628
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65:"Sultan Agung of Mataram"
2146:Martha Christina Tiahahu
2136:Mahmud Shah III of Johor
1811:Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
1657:Donald Izacus Pandjaitan
1565:Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
1424:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
1404:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
1234:Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung
974:Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien
954:The History of Indonesia
801:difficult to interpret.
754:, not to the provinces.
682:Dutch East India Company
585:
574:, Sultan Agung assigned
359:Dutch East India Company
211:Karta, Mataram Sultanate
2151:Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin
1960:Albertus Soegijapranata
1837:Johannes Abraham Dimara
1600:Robert Wolter Mongisidi
1169:Andi Sultan Daeng Radja
894:Gusti Ratu Ayu Winongan
891:Pangeran Ronggo Kajiwan
457:). The coastal city of
220:Astana Kasultan Agungan
2106:I Gusti Ketut Jelantik
2081:Raja Haji Fisabilillah
1713:Wahidin Soedirohoesodo
1708:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
1647:Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono
1540:Muhammad Mangundiprojo
1329:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
1294:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
1209:Ferdinand Lumbantobing
1134:Abdul Halim Majalengka
726:The Dutch had grouped
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427:
234:Ratu Wetan/East Queen
229:Ratu Kulon/West Queen
1935:Abdul Wahab Hasbullah
1816:Maria Walanda Maramis
1770:Wage Rudolf Supratman
1672:Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto
1249:Iwa Koesoemasoemantri
1199:Djoeanda Kartawidjaja
1129:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
877:, Sultan Agung has 9
730:into regions under a
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477:, was taken in 1619.
425:
412:Territorial conquests
372:on November 3, 1975.
335:), commonly known as
155:3rd Sultan of Mataram
2201:Sisingamangaraja XII
2131:Mahmud Badaruddin II
2061:Teungku Chik di Tiro
1955:As'ad Syamsul Arifin
1847:Pajonga Daeng Ngalie
1450:Abdul Haris Nasution
1414:Teuku Muhammad Hasan
1364:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
1319:Oto Iskandar di Nata
1279:Maskoen Soemadiredja
1204:Ernest Douwes Dekker
1139:Abdurrahman Baswedan
50:improve this article
2191:Ranggong Daeng Romo
1965:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
1682:Sutoyo Siswomiharjo
1652:Katamso Darmokusumo
1642:Karel Satsuit Tubun
1490:Halim Perdanakusuma
1264:Kasman Singodimedjo
1244:I Gusti Ketut Pudja
1214:Gatot Mangkoepradja
1174:Arie Frederik Lasut
956:. Greenwood, 2005.
404:. In 1614, the new
21:Sultanate of Banjar
2267:Indonesian Muslims
2257:Burials at Imogiri
2252:Sultans of Mataram
2096:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
1806:Ki Hajar Dewantara
1580:Sutomo (Bung Tomo)
1510:I Gusti Ngurah Rai
1455:Abdul Rahman Saleh
996:Bertrand, Romain,
768:Sundanese language
742:but disbanded the
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578:, a descendant of
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1888:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
1555:Oerip Soemohardjo
1525:R. E. Martadinata
1219:Hamengkubuwono IX
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1050:Sultan of Mataram
860:Sultan of Cirebon
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714:. The title of a
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2086:Hamengkubuwono I
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1878:Mohammad Tabrani
1590:T. B. Simatupang
1314:Opu Daeng Risaju
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1154:Adnan Kapau Gani
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1765:Ismail Marzuki
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1744:Mohammad Yamin
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1662:Pierre Tendean
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1545:Muhammad Yasin
1542:
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1485:Gatot Soebroto
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1309:Nani Wartabone
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1289:Mohammad Hatta
1286:
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1276:
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1269:Kusumah Atmaja
1266:
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1019:
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1002:
1000:, Paris, 2005.
989:
978:
972:Montanus, A. "
965:
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875:queen consorts
871:
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783:Sastra Gending
759:
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712:regentschappen
698:, were called
677:
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623:
622:Administration
620:
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584:
576:Pangeran Pekik
536:
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527:states of the
413:
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106:September 2022
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2161:Pakubuwono VI
2159:
2157:
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2149:
2147:
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2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
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2119:
2117:
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2112:
2109:
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2101:Iskandar Muda
2099:
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2029:
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2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Achmad Rifa'i
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
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1978:
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1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Siti Hartinah
1907:
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1901:
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1886:
1884:
1883:Ruhana Kuddus
1881:
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1842:Marthen Indey
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1749:Raja Ali Haji
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1595:Usman Janatin
1593:
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1560:Slamet Rijadi
1558:
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1520:Keumalahayati
1518:
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1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
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1483:
1481:
1480:Djatikoesoemo
1478:
1476:
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1471:
1470:Basuki Rahmat
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
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1434:Zainul Arifin
1432:
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1422:
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1399:Sutan Sjahrir
1397:
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1389:Soerjopranoto
1387:
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1344:Sam Ratulangi
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1197:
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1187:
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962:9780313331145
959:
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745:
741:
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733:
729:
724:
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713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:
692:, now called
691:
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683:
673:
671:
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652:
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642:
636:
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628:
619:
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487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
434:, as well as
433:
424:
419:
409:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
387:
373:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
330:
326:
316:
315:
310:
306:
302:
299:Dyah Banawati
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
280:
278:
274:
265:
262:
258:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
228:
226:Queen consort
224:
218:
214:
208:
204:
201:
193:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
143:
140:
134:
131:Anyakrakusuma
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2277:Sultan Agung
2166:Pakubuwono X
2116:Kiras Bangun
2046:Sultan Agung
2045:
1950:Ahmad Sanusi
1940:Ahmad Dahlan
1930:Abdul Chalim
1873:Ilyas Yakoub
1852:Silas Papare
1791:Dewi Sartika
1775:Usmar Ismail
1729:Abdoel Moeis
1614:Independence
1495:Harun Thohir
1429:Wahid Hasyim
1229:Idham Chalid
1194:Tjilik Riwut
1060:Amangkurat I
1048:
1030:
1013:
1005:
997:
992:
981:
973:
968:
953:
952:Drakeley S.
948:
935:
928:
921:
872:
867:Amangkurat I
853:
849:
845:
833:
831:
819:
814:
808:
787:
782:
776:
772:Central Java
761:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
725:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
693:
689:
685:
679:
669:
659:
649:
639:
637:
629:
625:
616:Amangkurat I
613:
597:
564:Giri Kedaton
561:
546:
538:
518:
506:
479:
448:
429:
406:Karta Palace
399:
390:
388:
384:
367:
362:
354:
351:Sultan Agung
350:
349:
337:Sultan Agung
336:
324:
323:
312:
253:
181:Amangkurat I
177:Succeeded by
137:Sultan Agung
136:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2282:1645 deaths
2272:1593 births
2011:Abdul Kadir
1990:Mas Mansoer
1985:Lafran Pane
1897:Development
1825:Integration
1739:Amir Hamzah
1703:Dr. Soetomo
1605:Yos Sudarso
1500:Hasan Basry
1384:Ario Soerjo
1334:Rasuna Said
1189:B.W. Lapian
1164:Andi Djemma
1043:Anyokrowati
976:", hal. 358
744:residenties
736:residenties
580:Sunan Ampel
529:archipelago
440:Java island
381:Early reign
343:in Central
291:Anyakrawati
247:Regnal name
172:Anyakrawati
169:Preceded by
2246:Categories
2216:Teuku Umar
2091:Hasanuddin
2076:Diponegoro
1970:Fakhruddin
1734:Agus Salim
1691:Resistance
1637:Ahmad Yani
1460:Adisucipto
1409:Tan Malaka
1324:P. M. Noor
1149:Adam Malik
1054:1613–1645
940:References
604:Yogyakarta
568:Sunan Giri
535:Rebellions
490:Kalimantan
416:See also:
395:viceregent
198:Kutagede,
76:newspapers
2176:Pong Tiku
2171:Pattimura
2026:Andi Depu
1784:Education
1621:Fatmawati
1575:Supriyadi
1550:Noer Alie
1530:Mas Isman
1505:Iswahyudi
1349:Samanhudi
1122:Political
1029:Pranata,
873:From his
752:kabupaten
748:kabupaten
740:kabupaten
734:, called
728:kabupaten
708:kabupaten
704:kadipaten
700:regenten,
686:kadipaten
680:When the
672:in 1636.
661:kabupaten
651:kadipaten
608:Surakarta
572:Walisanga
455:Surakarta
444:Mojoagung
376:Biography
164:1613–1645
2004:Struggle
1923:Religion
1722:Literary
1677:Suprapto
1570:Sudirman
1535:Moestopo
1515:John Lie
1443:Military
1354:Soekarni
1339:Sahardjo
1304:Moewardi
1224:Hazairin
1010:Sumarsam
879:children
823:Javanese
764:noblemen
732:resident
666:Karawang
553:Sumedang
521:Balinese
486:Sukadana
482:Senopati
467:Pasuruan
432:Surabaya
402:Kotagede
329:Javanese
304:Religion
236:(second)
1904:Suharso
1801:Kartini
1585:Syam'un
1379:Soeroso
1374:Soepomo
1359:Sukarno
1284:Masjkur
794:gamelan
790:bedhaya
758:Culture
721:adipati
690:adipati
670:adipati
641:adipati
633:Imogiri
600:Imogiri
510:Jakarta
502:Batavia
463:Rembang
461:, near
451:Panjang
282:Mataram
277:Dynasty
231:(first)
90:scholar
1698:Alimin
1369:Supeno
960:
924:Madura
918:Titles
842:Family
805:Legacy
798:wayang
716:bupati
706:, now
695:bupati
549:Klaten
525:Muslim
498:Banten
494:Madura
453:(near
436:Malang
296:Mother
288:Father
216:Burial
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1866:Press
931:Mecca
664:like
656:Duchy
586:Death
471:Tuban
459:Lasem
391:patih
307:Islam
161:reign
97:JSTOR
83:books
958:ISBN
825:and
796:and
702:and
646:Duke
557:Ukur
555:and
542:Pati
475:Java
345:Java
206:Died
196:1593
191:Born
69:news
1758:Art
353:or
52:by
2248::
1012:.
933:.
881::
869:).
838:.
829:.
785:.
774:.
710:,
618:.
531:.
516:.
331::
1107:e
1100:t
1093:v
813:(
654:(
393:(
327:(
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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