3881:
velarized and non-velarized stops and , spelled , and , spelled . The distinction between and (ס/צ) is maintained as vs. , i. e., a voiceless alveolar fricative against a voiceless alveolar affricate, a pronunciation common to
Byzantine and Ashkenazic pronunciation; "strong" and "weak" , spelled (t/θ) preserved in Ashkenazic pronunciation as /; velar and pharyngeal and , spelled , both of which are pronounced , as in Ashkenazic; the glottal and pharyngeal stops and , spelled , both of which are weakened to the point of almost total absence in syllable-initial and syllable-final position, another characteristic shared with the Ashkenazic tradition. שׁ was pronounced as in the Romaniote tradition of Hebrew pronunciation. The loss of spirantization rule for postvocalic, non-geminated Old Hebrew b, d, g, p, t, k homorganic fricatives (this rule is not found now in either the Balkan or the North African Sephardic diaspora) may have been due Romaniote practice (it is observed partly in Yiddish Hebraisms and in the Ashkenazic pronunciation of monolingual Hebrew texts). The was pronounced as
3924:
2922:
3840:, which could be noted shortly after the war have been > before front vowels, unusual intonation patterns and some peculiar lexical items, mostly of Hebrew-Aramaic provenance. Lexemes, such as Hebrew-Aramaic loans, were easily identified as "ours" and "theirs," i.e., Sephardic vs. Romaniote. While composing texts on their religion, the Greek Jews followed the literary standards of Greek syntax and morphology, using a number of Hebrew-Aramaic loanwords. The Hebrew-Aramaic component would be written down in ways reflecting traditional Romaniote pronunciation, for example
5360:"The prophetic readings of the Byzantine ritual differed fundamentally from those of the other Rabbanite Jews of the diaspora. They have been preserved in the editions of the haftarot published with the Commentary of David Kimchi in Constantinople, 1505; and in the edition of the Pentateuch and haftarot, published in Constantinople, 1522" (and theorizing the Romaniote readings were a perpetuation of the selections of early medieval Eretz Yisrael). Louis Finkelstein, "The Prophetic Readings According to the Palestinian, Byzantine, and Karaite Rites",
61:
3608:
128:
8275:
4109:
3388:
8718:
4349:
168:
148:
108:
88:
8289:
8356:
8338:
3318:
4274:. It is open for services every Saturday morning as well as all major Jewish holidays. The synagogue also houses a museum devoted to Greek Jewry and offers guided tours to visitors on Sundays. Like the community in Jerusalem, the prayers today follow the Sephardic rite, but they preserve a few piyyutim from the Romaniote rite.
4123:, the Romaniote community has dwindled to 50 mostly elderly people. The Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue there is open primarily on the High Holidays, or in the case of the visit of a chazzan, or is opened for visitors on request. Immigrant Romaniotes return every summer to the old synagogue. After a long time a
3871:
Second and third generation
Romaniote immigrants in New York city have good knowledge of Greek. In the beginning of the 21st century 90% asserted that they understand Greek while 40% could speak Greek comfortably. Over a third could read Greek satisfactorily. The number of persons fluent in the Greek
3660:
in the Mincha of
Shabbat Hanukkah. In the second half of the 19th century, the Romaniote community of Greece made an effort to preserve the Romaniote liturgical heritage of Ioannina and Arta, by printing various liturgical texts in the Hebrew printing presses of Salonika. Today, the Romaniote Liturgy
2970:
that create the impression of a carpet, in a geometric pattern of blue, gray, red and white. Two Greek inscriptions were found in front of the synagogue's entrance, on the western side of the building. Today, only part of the synagogue's mosaic floor is extant, and it has been moved from its original
5824:
4095:
The
Romaniote Jewish Community of Chalkis is not the oldest one in Greece, but it is the only one in Europe that has been living in the same city for 2,500 years without interruption and the community is still active in the city's life. The community has a synagogue and a cemetery with important and
3855:
that Judaeo-Greek has always been interchangeable with the spoken variety of Greek, which was used by the surrounding
Christian community, but had a few special features in its various geographical and chronological types (for example the Judaeo-Greek of Crete and that of Constantinople). Besides
5820:
5599:
3880:
The
Romaniote pronunciation of the Hebrew language is very close in its major features to the common Modern Hebrew pronunciation. The vowel-system is a simple five-vowel system without either quantitative or qualitative distinctions. Typical was the absence of distinction between: the Semitic
3813:
by Yoseph HaYevani was made available to those Jews (Sephardi immigrants) who were less proficient in Greek. The
Byzantine Karaites, showed a knowledge of Greek philosophical terminology. Rabbinic authors spiced their comments with Greek phrases. The familiarity of Romaniote Jewry with the
2965:
in 1932 under the auspices of the
National Archaeological Service. Based on the quality of the floor's mosaic, the building is believed to have been constructed in the 4th century CE (300–350 CE) and used until the 7th century. The mosaic floor of the synagogue consists of multi-colored
3368:, there were approximately 1,950 Romaniotes left in Ioannina. Centered around the old fortified part of the city (or Kastro), where the community had been living for centuries, they maintained two synagogues, one of which, the Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue still remains today.
3800:
has left a legacy of some fifteen works on astronomy, grammar (dikduk), biblical commentaries and piyyutim; some of the later have even been included in the
Karaite prayerbook. Several manuscripts containing mystical works have survived. The question of an independent Romaniote
3621:
The
Romaniotes traditionally gave to a child a mystical document known as an "aleph". This hand-painted "birth and circumcision certificate" was created by a family member and then handed down. The aleph was written in mystical codes for the purpose of warding off the wiles of
3856:
the few phonetic differences between Judaeo-Greek and Standard Modern Greek the most common difference has been the use of Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords in Judaeo-Greek. Considerable are also the phonetic differences between Romaniote Hebrew (look downwards on paragraph
4083:(Thesion) was used as a synagogue during its construction at the end of the 4th century CE (396–400). This view was expressed by the archaeologist H. Thompson, from the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, but was not developed into a complete theory. The
5823: ; Philippe Bobichon, Manuscrits en caractères hébreux. Vol. I : Bibliothèque nationale de France, Manuscrits de théologie n° 669 à 720, Brepols, Turnhout, 2008, pp. 30-37, 40-46, 124-153 ; 198-201, 234-237, 266-269, 272-275, 278-283, 292-294
4096:
old inscriptions. The Synagogue is on Kotsou Street. It is unknown when the first synagogue in Chalkis was constructed. In 1854, during the Holy Week a great fire destroyed the synagogue. In 1855 it was re-constructed in the same size with funds offered by
3591:
was read at the wedding ceremony proper. This is different in that other Jews bless the bride and groom at the time of the actual wedding. In addition, there are ritual differences in the building of the Synagogue and in the building and the use of the
3363:
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Romaniote community of Ioannina numbered about 4,000 people, mostly lower-class tradesmen and craftsmen. Their numbers dwindled after that due to economic emigration; after the Holocaust and in the wake of
3752:
The intellectual pursuits of Romaniote Jews reflected in their history their geographical location within the Jewish and gentile world. Direct heir to Palestinian Jewish traditions on the one hand, they were also heir to the teachings of the
6162:
Vena Hebraica in Judaeorum Linguis: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Hebrew and Aramaic Elements in Jewish Languages (Milan, October 23–26, 1995), p. 274 "Situation des communautes romaniotes contemporaires".
3765:
traditions. Romaniote Jewry, throughout its history, expended great effort on religious poetry, which reached its peak during the period 1350–1550. The writing of piyyutim was clearly held as its own genre. In the twelfth century
4324:. In 2024, a team of researchers announced that a modern Romaniote Jewish man from Greece belongs to "a previously undiscovered" branch of the Y-chromosomal haplogroup J-P58 found to be "dating straight back 7,000 years to the
3904:
of the Greek-speaking lands. In many cases manuscripts of Romaniote origin from the Byzantine Empire, or from later times can be recognised as "Romaniote", only with the science of Paleography, if they do not contain a
4006:
in 1953 led the last remaining Romaniote Jews to leave the island towards Athens. The vast majority of Romaniotes have relocated to Israel and the United States, with the world's largest community located in New York.
3556:, θήκη "container"), from which they are never completely taken out. Among the Romaniote Jews, tradition dictates, that the most holy Sefer Torah, the Law of Moses, be read with the scroll standing upright in its
3352:
After the liberation of Ioannina on February 21, 1913, the Rabbi and the Romaniote community of Ioannina welcomed at the New Synagogue of Ioannina the liberator of the city, Crown Prince Constantine, the future
3252:, so the city was a shade of its former glory. The event of the conquest of Constantinople was written down by a Romaniote Payetan in a lament hymn, composed with several phrases from the Old Testament in the
5783:
Beit-Arie, M. ed. Rowland Smith, D. and Salinger, P. S. "The Codicological Database of The Hebrew Paleography Project: A Tool for Localising and Dating Hebrew Medieval Manuscripts. In: Hebrew Studies, pp.
4087:
of the Metroon was based on a small piece of marble found near the Metroon that had two Jewish symbols carved on one side, and the resemblance of the building to the synagogue of Sardis in Asia Minor.
3963:
alone and murdered. Many Greek Jews were forced to pay their own tickets to the death camps. Almost all Romaniote Jews of the island of Crete, together with some resistance fighters, died on the ship
3818:
is well documented. Biblical translations, piyyutim, folksongs, Ketubbot, liturgical instructions, glossaries, mystical texts and the use of Greek words in commentaries in Judaeo-Greek are known.
3782:, a handbook of biblical apologetics. In tune with the intellectual currents among Romaniotes, Shemarya was trained in philosophy and was able to translate directly from Greek to Hebrew. The
5168:
by Yonah David, Shirei Zebadiah (Jerusalem 1972), Shirei Amitai (Jerusalem, 1975) and Shirei Elya bar Schemaya (New York and Jerusalem 1977); and the material in the Chronicle of Ahima'az.
3314:, the Jews historically played an important part in the transport trade. In the centuries following 1492 most of the Romaniote communities were assimilated by the more numerous Sephardim.
8459:
4142:, at 16 Ioustinianou street. Its name means "the Old Synagogue". It was constructed in 1829, most probably over the ruins of an older synagogue. Its architecture is typical of the
3044:
in 70 CE. Before the migration of the Ashkenazi and the Sephardi Jews into the Balkans and Eastern Europe, the Jewish culture in these areas consisted primarily of Romaniote Jews.
3291:
of the Ottoman Empire until their leading position was lost to a wave of new Jewish arrivals. These events initiated the first great numerical decline of the Romaniote community.
3283:, was perceived as an "expulsion" by the Jews. Nevertheless, the Romaniotes would remain the most influential Jewish community in the Empire for decades to come, determining the
5297:…but the fact that the most prominent hero of Jewish origin, Colonel Mordechai Frizis (1893–1940), originated from the ancient Romaniote community of Chalkis, speaks for itself.
2851:, also known as Byzantium, which included the territory of modern Greece, which this Jewish group inhabited for centuries. Historically, the Empire was commonly referred to as
5267:
J. Hacker, Ottoman policies towards the Jews and Jewish attitudes towards Ottomans during the Fifteenth Century in "Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire", New York (1982)
293:. They are one of the oldest Jewish communities in existence and the oldest Jewish community in Europe. The Romaniotes have been, and remain, historically distinct from the
3349:
for example ordered that the attitude of all non-Muslims should be one of "humility and abjection" and should not "live near Mosques or in tall buildings" or own slaves.
1496:
3718:
were a thankful gift to the Synagogue of congregants who have received help, healing or salvation by God. The Romaniote term for the Passover ceremony (Seder) is חובה (
3661:
follows (with slight differences) the mainstream Sephardic usage, while the Romaniotes and the Jews of Corfu have preserved their old and own Judaeo-Greek and Hebrew
8939:
6332:
4729:
306:
4182:
In the community of Volos many of the Romaniote pre-Sephardic traditions prevail. The community consists of Romaniotes as well as Sephardim (particularly from
2074:
5817:
Manuscrits en caractères hébreux conservés dans les bibliothèques de France. Vol. V : Bibliothèque nationale de France, Manuscrits de Théologie n°704-733
8651:
1729:
1424:
6030:
3583:. The Romaniote Jews have their own form of wedding blessing. Upon the betrothal, seven blessings are bestowed on the bride and groom to be, while wedding
1616:
3094:
edited and expanded the Sefer Josippon later. This community of Byzantine Jews of southern Italy produced such prominent works like the Sefer Ahimaaz of
6226:
The community printed the piyyutim that they preserve in a pamphlet entitled 'Sefer ha-rinah veha-tefilah', which was printed in 1968 and again in 1998.
5858:
4590:
2824:
6554:
8706:
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588:
7779:
4682:, University Professor of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering at George Mason University and former Chief Scientist of the U.S. Air Force
1611:
8169:
1859:
4698:
4627:
4097:
3990:
The majority of Romaniotes who survived the Holocaust left for Israel or the United States at the end of the war. The creation of the state of
3051:
represent those of the Greek-speaking Jews of the Byzantine (or former Byzantine) Empire, ranging from southern Italy (in a narrower sense the
6852:
4226:. There are two Romaniote synagogues in Israel: the Zakynthos Synagogue in Tel Aviv, and the Beit Avraham Ve'ohel Sarah liKehilat Ioanina in
2113:
8684:
6609:
4270:, where it is used by the Romaniote emigrant community. It maintains a mailing list of 3,000 Romaniote families, most of them living in the
6186:
6055:
3310:. Thessaloniki had one of the largest (mostly Sephardi) Jewish communities in the world and a solid rabbinical tradition. On the island of
3279:, were concentrated in Constantinople, where they made up 10% of the city's population. The forced resettlement, though not intended as an
6620:
8407:
8129:
5667:
Krivoruchko, J. G. "Not Only Cherubs: Lexicon of Hebrew and Aramaic Origin in Standard Modern Greek (SG) and Modern Greek Dialects." In:
4752:
3576:
3021:
1098:
1061:
4060:
The Ioanniotiki Synagogue, situated above the Jewish Community of Athens offices at #8 Melidoni St., is the only Romaniote synagogue in
6647:
6555:
Piyyutim Recordings and written folios from the communities of Ioannina, Chalkis, Volos and Corfu and of other Greek Jewish communities
4946:
Steiner, Richard C. (2007). "The Byzantine biblical commentaries from the Genizah: Rabbanite vs. Karaite". In Moshe Bar-Asherz (ed.).
4288:
DNA research and genealogical works based on the Romaniote communities of Ioannina and Zakynthos are in progress. Nearly 4/5th of the
3259:
As Mehmed wanted to make the city his new capital, he decreed its rebuilding. And in order to revivify Constantinople he ordered that
8412:
6388:
4767:
4112:
3124:) continued to be Greek-speakers until the 15th century. When they were expelled and went to different regions of Greece, especially
2037:
8327:
6676:
5727:
13: 1120-1145; Morag, S. "Between East and West: For a History of the Tradition of Hebrew During the Middle Ages" (in Hebrew). In:
4849:
2060:
6581:
4214:
was Rabbi of Volos who saved Greek Jews during the Holocaust and helped to consolidate the community of Volos after World War II.
9035:
8175:
5838:
4663:
1410:
1154:
5527:"The Jews of Crete. Volume IV - A Cretan Book of Jonah. Greek-Hebrew text of the Book of Jonas traditionally read at Yom Kippur"
4206:
since the 2nd century AD. Ancient Jewish tombstones dating back to 325–641 AD, were also discovered in the neighbouring city of
3931:
on March 25, 1944. The majority of the Jews deported were murdered on or shortly after April 11, 1944, when their train reached
7275:
6729:
6257:
5191:
3762:
2817:
1987:
1922:
1804:
5442:
3649:. They read the special "Megillah for the Purim Katan of Syracuse" and sing corresponding songs and hymns for this festivity.
8699:
7270:
6491:
6172:
5290:
4834:
3896:
The Hebrew Paleography resp. the Hebrew Epigraphy recognises a specific "Byzantine" or "Romaniote" Handwriting system of the
1103:
6590:, Queens College (New York) Special Collection and Archives and Hellenic American Project, JSTOR Open Community Collections
5242:
Inalcik, Halil. "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City."
4645:
4289:
4015:
Today approximately 4,500 to 6,000 Jews remain in Greece. Of these, only a small number are Romaniotes, who live mainly in
1546:
7179:
6068:
5598:. Vol. V : Bibliothèque nationale de France, Manuscrits de Théologie n°704-733, Brepols, Turnhout, 2015, pp. 290-297
3955:, were murdered. Some Greeks collaborated with the deportations or expropriated Jewish property; a few, encouraged by the
3179:. The largest community in Greece at that time was in Thebes, where he found about 2000 Jews. They were engaged mostly in
8832:
8474:
7290:
7285:
6709:
4826:
Changing Educational Landscapes: Educational Policies, Schooling Systems and Higher Education - a comparative perspective
1814:
1631:
1621:
861:
6010:
8877:
8102:
6979:
6430:
6371:
4497:
3136:, they could continue to speak their Greek language, even if this language was somewhat different from that of Greece.
2210:
2160:
2125:
1819:
1684:
1551:
5923:
5904:
5364:, vol. 17 (1942–1943), page 423; Adolf Büchler, "The Reading of the Law and Prophets in a Triennial Cycle (part ii)".
4075:
of another building found in the excavations of the ancient Agora in Athens, is questionable. It is believed that the
3923:
3587:
are covering the heads of the groom and the bride and are interchanged on their heads. At the end of a full year, the
3271:
from all over his empire be resettled in the new capital. Within months most of the Empire's Romaniote Jews, from the
7130:
6984:
6506:
6476:
6458:
6147:
5569:
5548:
5085:
5036:
5009:
4889:
2810:
1902:
1864:
1839:
1759:
1744:
1591:
1531:
1486:
5485:
The Jewish Museum of Greece, The Jewish Community of Ioannina: The Memory of Artefacts, "Songs and Hymns" (CD). 2017
9030:
8692:
8479:
7039:
6947:
4394:
3230:
2979:
2195:
2177:
2083:
1977:
1829:
1824:
1749:
1714:
1581:
5989:
5802:
Olszowy-Schlanger, J. "On the Hebrew script of the Greek-Hebrew palimpsests from the Cairo Genizah", 279-299. In:
4174:
are engraved in stone on the walls of the synagogue. The Bet Chaim cemetery in Ioannina belongs to the community.
8464:
8204:
7398:
6034:
3106:. The liturgical writings of these Romaniote Jews, especially the piyyut were eminent for the development of the
3056:
2972:
2713:
2612:
2167:
2150:
2103:
2002:
1912:
1849:
1799:
1779:
1774:
1694:
1668:
1643:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1481:
1476:
6340:
6085:
9025:
7080:
6640:
6300:
4593:, Former Assistant District Attorney of Brooklyn, and Liberal Party candidate for New York State Senate in 1950
3234:
2186:
2172:
2140:
2120:
2088:
2032:
2007:
1982:
1962:
1952:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1869:
1784:
1769:
1689:
1648:
1601:
1596:
1516:
1461:
9045:
9040:
8714:
8673:
8611:
8469:
8447:
8442:
8385:
8181:
7502:
4772:
4762:
4757:
4693:
4562:
4258:(from originally several Romaniote Synagogues in New York) is in operation in the entire Western Hemisphere:
4040:
3060:
3052:
2878:
2607:
2145:
2130:
2093:
2055:
2027:
2017:
2012:
1997:
1992:
1972:
1957:
1942:
1917:
1883:
1854:
1754:
1739:
1663:
1653:
1571:
1541:
1466:
1452:
424:
5855:
4917:
Monika Trümper, "The Oldest Original Synagogue Building in the Diaspora: The Delos Synagogue Reconsidered."
4871:
4296:
is related to that of Romaniote Jews. Romaniote Jewish men have been found to belong to various branches of
3482:(טוביה בר אליעזר), a Greek-speaking Talmudist and poet of the 11th century, worked and lived in the city of
8919:
8320:
8244:
8112:
8107:
7295:
7280:
7044:
6999:
6744:
5208:
4448:
3932:
3087:
2215:
2135:
2098:
2022:
1967:
1834:
1809:
1734:
1709:
1699:
1638:
1561:
1556:
1536:
1526:
1506:
1491:
1384:
1088:
852:
847:
302:
5770:
Beit-Arie, M. et al. "Classification of Hebrew Calligraphic Handwriting Styles: Preliminary Results." In:
3024:
and can be subdivided in a wider sense in a Rabbanite community and in the Greco-Karaite community of the
8796:
8437:
8209:
8194:
7075:
6935:
4480:
4246:, the prayers today follow the Sephardic rite, but they preserve a few piyyutim from the Romaniote rite.
4146:
era, a large building made of stone. The interior of the synagogue is laid out in the Romaniote way: the
3778:
who moved after 1328 to Negroponte prepared his supercommentary to Ibn Ezra and, circa 1346–47 wrote his
3025:
2205:
2200:
2155:
2108:
1794:
1764:
1724:
1719:
1576:
882:
234:
6595:
Romaniote Memories, a Jewish Journey from Ioannina, Greece to Manhattan: Photographs by Vincent Giordano
5308:
M. J. Akbar, "The shade of swords: jihad and the conflict between Islam and Christianity", 2003, (p. 89)
5277:
Krivoruchko, J. (2005). "A case of divergent convergence: the cultural identity of Romaniote Jewry". In
3548:
followed a specific custom, particular to the Romaniote rite. The Romaniote Torah scrolls are housed in
2921:
8601:
8163:
8057:
7708:
7602:
7310:
7243:
6804:
6694:
5526:
4881:
4271:
3601:
3298:
that immigrated to the Ottoman Empire between 1421 and 1453. Waves of Sephardi Jews were expelled from
3033:
2679:
2524:
2232:
1626:
822:
812:
548:
17:
8279:
8219:
8117:
8097:
7967:
7892:
7752:
7619:
7305:
7265:
6633:
5973:
5368:, vol. 6, nr. 1 (October 1893), pp. 1–73, discusses in some detail evidence of very early choices of
5138:
Bowman, S. Jewish Responses to Byzantine Polemics from the Ninth through the Eleventh Centuries, 2010
3918:
3884:
3882:
3706:(where the Torah scrolls are kept) is on the eastern wall and in the middle there is a wide interior
2793:
2486:
2337:
2278:
1169:
439:
3665:, their own way of cantillation and their special customs. A custom, which is still followed in the
3467:). This Minhag was once widespread in Southern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Anatolia and the Crimea.
8944:
8662:
8199:
8030:
7329:
7204:
6587:
5077:
5001:
4420:
4191:
3965:
3629:
The Romaniotes are well known for their hymns in Judaeo-Greek and Hebrew, for their special way of
2496:
2476:
1586:
1066:
607:
447:
5875:
9015:
8900:
8893:
8862:
8722:
8616:
8606:
8580:
8452:
8417:
8313:
8152:
8141:
7735:
7656:
7361:
7260:
7199:
7085:
7058:
6531:
Kehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum, Romaniote Synagogue in New York City Official website
5669:
Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Modern Greek Dialects and Linguistic Theory
4596:
4283:
3805:
tradition, probably deriving directly from Palestinian antecedents, is proved. An abridgement of
3723:
3523:
3357:
3354:
3028:
which still survives to this day. A Romaniote oral tradition says that the first Jews arrived in
2887:(516 BCE – 70 CE). Recorded Jewish presence in Greece dates back over 2,300 years to the time of
2637:
2627:
2592:
2471:
2461:
2244:
1415:
1357:
1191:
870:
827:
542:
286:
6194:
5793:
Olszowy-Schlanger, J. "An Early Hebrew Manuscript from Byzantium", pp. 148-155. In: Zutot, 2002.
5640:
The Language Idioms of Epirus (Northern, Central and Southern): The Gianniote and Other Lexicons
3063:
Jewish communities) in the west, to much of Turkey in the east, Crete to the south, Crimea (the
2937:
synagogue was discovered in 1829 near the ancient military port of the capital of the island of
8631:
8519:
8188:
8158:
7221:
4519:
4461:
4131:
of a child) was held in the synagogue in 2000, and was an exceptional event for the community.
3999:
3775:
3420:
3219:
2756:
2491:
2405:
1471:
1023:
642:
612:
272:
5026:
3730:). In the years 2017 and 2018 the Romaniote rite Haggadah and the Romaniote rite prayer book (
8934:
8621:
8214:
8135:
7917:
7624:
7507:
7248:
7238:
7231:
7216:
7102:
4658:
4259:
3906:
3890:
3837:
3611:
3452:
2647:
2642:
2587:
2375:
1290:
1018:
1005:
900:
617:
290:
5069:
4993:
8974:
8872:
8816:
8750:
8524:
8249:
8239:
7742:
6714:
5892:
5496:
4689:
4569:
4309:
4080:
3666:
2915:
2884:
2718:
2670:
2410:
2268:
1081:
946:
935:
893:
6584:, Queens College (New York) Special Collections and Archives and Hellenic American Project
6215:
6173:
History of the Community of Volos on the Cebtral Board of the Jewish Communities in Greece
5968:
4807:
2954:
8:
9020:
8959:
8954:
8929:
8811:
8776:
8646:
8402:
7897:
7865:
7791:
7700:
7646:
7253:
7053:
6787:
6752:
6605:: account of the Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue in Ioannina, with photos (personal site)
6242:
5671:, ed. Mark Janse, Angeliki Ralli and Brian Joseph, Patras: University of Patras, 205-219.
5070:
4994:
4867:
4747:
4616:
4577:, a prominent Romaniotissa, particularly noted for her translation of modern Greek poetry
4566:
4456:
4425:
3758:
3754:
3630:
3579:
which is the oldest European Jewish prayer rite. Later the first Mahzor was printed, the
3095:
3083:
2934:
2888:
2838:
2771:
2466:
1139:
1011:
914:
907:
837:
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8504:
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8035:
7757:
7634:
7629:
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7584:
7537:
7460:
7366:
7226:
6799:
6704:
6671:
6279:
4777:
4466:
4430:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4202:
as early as the 1st century AD. Historians argue that Jews have been living in ancient
3788:
was written by the Byzantine Jews of Southern Italy. R. Elnatan ben Moses Kalkes (from
3767:
3657:
3479:
3464:
3317:
3140:
3099:
2987:
2950:
2622:
2572:
2519:
2514:
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2298:
1566:
1395:
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1074:
928:
494:
7512:
7388:
5835:
3371:
A strong Romaniote community was present in Corfu until the late 19th century, when a
3120:
The Jews of Southern Italy (where they were living together with their Greek-speaking
8852:
8013:
7944:
7826:
7811:
7594:
7465:
7430:
6719:
6502:
6487:
6472:
6454:
6426:
6387:
Brown, Adam; Levy-Toledano, Raquel; Penninx, Wim; Greenspan, Bennett; Waas, Michael.
6367:
6216:
Ioanina: Preserving remnants of a Jewish community, 09/11/15. Retrieved on 22.05.2019
6143:
5565:
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5286:
5081:
5032:
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2766:
2708:
2688:
2505:
2065:
1704:
1164:
1035:
965:
842:
755:
622:
6576:
Before the Flame Goes Out: A Document of the Romaniote Jews of Ioannina and New York
6560:
5772:
Proceedings of First International Workshop on Document Image Analysis for Libraries
5195:
4242:, Jerusalem is no longer in use. In Beit Avraham Ve'ohel Sarah liKehilat Ioanina in
3832:
60:
9050:
8949:
8825:
8560:
8509:
8079:
8047:
8008:
7979:
7962:
7912:
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7522:
7455:
7408:
7356:
7324:
7315:
7300:
7174:
7149:
7125:
7009:
6940:
6857:
6724:
6418:
6359:
5943:
4810:
4707:
4549:
4502:
4487:
4385:
4364:
4353:
4301:
4235:
4207:
4068:, but can be opened for visitors upon request through the Jewish Community office.
3956:
3802:
3797:
3519:
3471:
3456:
3322:
3144:
2983:
2848:
2736:
2617:
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1789:
1300:
1056:
960:
875:
765:
557:
350:
325:
313:
193:
8565:
3983:
enabled them to hide better from German deportations than Sephardi Jews who spoke
3959:, sheltered Jews. Roughly 49,000 Jews—Romaniotes and Sephardim—were deported from
8994:
8979:
8969:
8924:
8844:
8656:
8550:
8540:
7989:
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4435:
4415:
4263:
4159:
4084:
4072:
3995:
3970:
3897:
3740:
according to the Romaniote custom and other texts. A Romaniote rite based reform
3711:
3703:
3682:
3634:
3541:
3307:
3207:
3107:
3006:
2999:
2958:
2698:
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1405:
1129:
1046:
1029:
573:
388:
317:
263:
201:
197:
6588:
Vincent Giordano Photographs documenting Romaniote Jews of Ioannina and New York
5385:
4100:. The Synagogue opens every Friday evening and occasionally on Shabbat morning.
8789:
8755:
8514:
8375:
8293:
8268:
8089:
7996:
7954:
7934:
7922:
7902:
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7690:
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7651:
7561:
7485:
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7413:
7211:
7159:
7070:
6827:
6822:
6757:
6686:
6015:
5994:
5278:
4621:
4602:
4443:
4390:
4368:
4321:
4317:
4293:
4143:
4065:
3980:
3815:
3784:
3515:
3511:
3475:
3440:
3338:
3303:
3295:
3210:: עץ החיים, lit. "Tree of Life", frequently a name of Romaniote synagogues) in
3199:
3164:
3072:
2991:
2962:
2946:
2798:
2597:
2452:
2332:
2311:
2288:
2283:
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1844:
1325:
1224:
1202:
1134:
977:
955:
817:
796:
772:
538:
520:
459:
431:
384:
298:
283:
251:
189:
8305:
5880:
H-Soz-Kult. Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften
5731:, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 5740 (=1979-1980), pp. 141-156; Wexler, P.
3872:
Language is much lower in the group of the Greek Sephardim outside of Greece.
470:(which represents the oldest Jewish congregation on European soil), Ioannina,
9009:
8964:
8760:
8585:
8570:
8555:
8545:
8062:
7907:
7834:
7641:
7575:
7548:
7497:
7445:
7418:
7393:
7383:
7144:
7090:
7024:
7004:
6994:
6989:
6962:
6908:
6837:
6782:
6540:
6535:
5856:"Deportation of Jews of Ioannina", Kehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum
5065:
4723:
4713:
4612:
4507:
4471:
4380:
4375:
4333:
4128:
3984:
3678:
3674:
3638:
3615:
3607:
3537:
3499:
3444:
3400:
3176:
3037:
2746:
2741:
1947:
1874:
1400:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1207:
1159:
921:
760:
665:
627:
578:
455:
133:
31:
4166:
are kept) is on the eastern wall and in the middle there is a wide interior
3998:(1946–1949), led to an immigration of a number of Romaniotes to Israel. The
8886:
8575:
8499:
8042:
7839:
7801:
7762:
7351:
7095:
7034:
7014:
6974:
6957:
6925:
6913:
6874:
6792:
6767:
6602:
6520:), Jerusalem, 1978 (in Hebrew). One chapter sets out the Romaniote liturgy.
6187:"The Story of a Two-Thousand Year Old Jewish Community in Ioannina, Greece"
6098:
5596:
Manuscrits en caractères hébreux conservés dans les bibliothèques de France
5583:
Mekor Chayim: A Reform Liturgy for Erev Shabbat Based on the Romaniote Rite
4782:
4742:
4650:
4641:
4580:
4558:
4439:
4337:
4297:
4211:
4036:
4016:
3960:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3827:
3448:
3407:
and a Romaniote "Aleph" on the right side (a circumcision certificate with
3365:
3288:
3280:
3172:
3152:
3133:
3121:
2776:
2602:
2443:
2438:
2396:
2349:
1443:
1310:
1295:
1254:
1219:
832:
674:
443:
368:
360:
329:
70:
35:
6140:
Greece's Pivotal Role in World War II and Its Importance to the U.S. Today
5345:
The Septuagint in Context: Introduction to the Greek Versions of the Bible
2914:, which refers to "Moschos, son of Moschion the Jew", who may have been a
8052:
7567:
7492:
7470:
7373:
6967:
6896:
6891:
6879:
6869:
6422:
6363:
4453:
4163:
4151:
4124:
3736:) have been published in a series, containing also Romaniote poetry, the
3695:
3642:
3376:
3284:
3245:
3238:
3188:
2942:
2761:
2703:
2368:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1234:
6484:
Folklore and Ethnic Identity of the Jewish Community of Ioannina, Greece
5115:
History of the Byzantine Jews: A Microcosmos in the Thousand Year Empire
4948:
Shai le-Sara Japhet: Studies in the Bible, its exegesis and its language
4701:, a musician of traditional and popular Greek music in the United States
8146:
7853:
7435:
7029:
6777:
6699:
6464:
6190:
5585:, Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion, Cincinnati 2018.
4574:
4108:
3685:
translation after the morning service on the last two days of Pessach.
3670:
3597:
3495:
3387:
3264:
3249:
3215:
3013:
2995:
2419:
1433:
1362:
1320:
1144:
1124:
688:
595:
515:
5283:
Developing cultural identity in the Balkans: convergence vs divergence
4908:
May–June 1998 (24:03), via Center for Online Judaic Studies, cojs.org.
3514:
in 1547 has the Hebrew text in the middle of the page, with a Ladino (
8803:
8782:
8067:
7532:
7423:
7334:
6952:
6886:
5845:
Kehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum, Retrieved January 5, 2009
4877:
4789:, the two cities in Greece with the most prominent Jewish communities
4635:
4584:
4538:
4526:
4325:
4267:
4255:
4243:
4231:
4203:
4171:
4135:
4003:
3806:
3653:
3491:
3392:
3346:
3226:
3064:
3041:
3017:
2892:
2582:
2567:
1657:
1605:
1367:
1315:
1305:
986:
982:
972:
887:
647:
463:
435:
404:
294:
6903:
5905:"This Day in Jewish History / Jewish Community of Crete Lost at Sea"
4348:
3229:
found the city in a state of disarray. The city had indeed suffered
1335:
8984:
7786:
7728:
7673:
7668:
7339:
6625:
5614:
82nd edition, (Jerusalem 1974), and Weinberger, Anthology, pp. 8-11
5541:
The Haggadah According to the Custom of the Romaniote Jews of Crete
5497:"Megillat Antiochos: Religiöse Begriffe aus der Welt des Judentums"
4786:
4717:
4631:
4357:
4227:
4223:
4195:
4147:
4120:
4020:
3952:
3947:, 86% of the Greek Jews, especially those in the areas occupied by
3928:
3737:
3689:
3545:
3483:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3276:
3241:
3114:
3079:
3029:
2967:
2751:
2361:
2293:
1119:
632:
583:
364:
333:
6240:
Laura Silver, "Spreading little-known history of Romaniote Jews",
5459:
Ross, M. S., Europäisches Zentrum für Jüdische Musik, CD-Projekt:
4190:. Ancient historic texts mention that Jews lived in the region of
3757:. The Byzantine Jewish/Romaniote literature shows a rich blend of
3637:
and for their Jewish-Greek folksongs, based on regional melodies.
3020:, who trace back their history to the times of the Greek-speaking
8355:
8342:
8001:
7885:
7880:
7870:
7858:
7678:
7663:
7607:
7542:
7517:
7480:
7344:
7019:
6918:
6842:
6734:
6660:
6575:
6389:"Avotaynu DNA Project Discovers 7,000 Year Old Neolithic Lineage"
5944:"Ladino language | Sephardic, Judeo-Spanish, Hebrew | Britannica"
5928:
5651:
Moisis, A. "Hebrew words in the language of Jews of Greece." In:
5228:
A Hebrew lament from Venetian Crete on the fall of Constantinople
4199:
4183:
4076:
4024:
3623:
3588:
3436:
3432:
3412:
3379:
charges forced most of the Jewish community to leave the island.
3326:
3325:(1893–1940) from the ancient Romaniote Greek Jewish community of
3272:
3184:
3168:
3160:
3068:
2911:
2727:
2693:
2562:
2356:
1345:
1340:
1212:
998:
994:
990:
739:
734:
711:
693:
568:
563:
553:
531:
506:
467:
380:
372:
337:
321:
213:
8337:
6318:
5347:, 2000, p. 180. The Greek text is published in D. C. Hesseling,
5258:
Avigdor Levy; The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, New Jersey, (1994)
4935:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. p. 758.
2978:
In 1977 another ancient synagogue was discovered in Athens, the
2949:. The floor was covered for protection and was studied again by
8857:
8740:
8726:
8717:
8348:
8072:
7939:
7875:
5512:
The Jewish Museum of Greece, The Jewish Community of Ioannina:
5443:"Counting Down From Destruction, Looking Forward to Redemption"
5317:
The Jewish Museum of Greece, The Jewish Community of Ioannina:
5128:
Historiography among Byzantine Jews: The case of Sefer Yosippon
5072:
Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures
4996:
Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures
4950:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: The Bialik Institute. pp. 243–262.
4654:
4061:
4032:
4028:
3991:
3979:
During the German occupation, the Romaniotes' ability to speak
3789:
3732:
3596:. It is a Romaniote tradition to write on the Ketubah the year
3584:
3572:
3564:
3526:
3503:
3460:
3428:
3372:
3342:
3260:
3223:
3180:
3156:
3129:
3110:
3103:
3048:
2938:
2926:
2907:
2903:
2387:
2382:
2342:
2327:
1438:
1330:
750:
716:
702:
637:
479:
475:
451:
420:
408:
392:
230:
173:
153:
113:
93:
6386:
6120:
5642:, vol. 1. Etaireia Ipeirotikon Meleton, Ioannina 1964 (Greek).
4808:'Jewish museum in Cyprus aims to build bridges to Arab world,'
3681:
verse by verse by alternating from Hebrew to its paraphrasing
3117:
and are preserved to this day in the most Ashkenazi mahzorim.
8023:
8018:
7972:
7927:
7848:
7843:
7107:
6862:
6832:
6121:"ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΒΟΛΟΥ - THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF VOLOS"
4961:
Danon, A. (1912). "Notice sur la littérature gréco-caraïte".
4530:
4187:
4167:
4044:
3901:
3707:
3593:
3540:
while the whole Torah was read in the Palestinian way of the
3533:
3507:
3403:
similar to the Byzantine Christian tradition) hanging on the
3311:
3299:
3211:
3148:
3125:
3091:
3003:
2869:(Ῥωμανιῶτες), essentially meaning an inhabitant of Rhomania.
2856:
1350:
779:
683:
652:
471:
416:
412:
400:
396:
376:
66:
6301:"FamilyTreeDNA - Romaniote DNA Project: Y-DNA Classic Chart"
5804:
Jewish-Greek tradition in antiquity and the Byzantine empire
5729:
Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Judaica
5238:
5236:
5076:. Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture. Brill. p.
5000:. Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture. Brill. p.
2925:
Mosaic floor of a Jewish synagogue in Greece, built 300 AD,
8122:
6656:
6578:, sponsored by The International Survey of Jewish Monuments
6561:
L’Autre des non-juifs ...et des juifs : les romaniotes
6125:ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΒΟΛΟΥ - THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF VOLOS
4857:(by Ethan Marcus), 24 April 2018; retrieved on 10 May 2018.
4534:
4523:
4155:
3699:
3334:
3192:
2998:
synagogues. Concurrently the oldest synagogue found in the
502:
226:
5723:
78, p. 45; Morag, S. (1971/2). "Pronunciation of Hebrew."
4726:, Brazilian entrepreneur, media tycoon and television host
4138:
is located in the old fortified part of the city known as
3502:
and also of some poems. Romaniote scholars translated the
450:. After the war, a majority of the survivors emigrated to
6563:" ("The Other for Non-Jews ... and Jews: the Romaniots")
6184:
5233:
4170:. The names of the Ioanniote Jews who were killed in the
3294:
The number of Jews was soon bolstered by small groups of
3268:
3009:, which has an inscription dated between 250 and 175 BCE
6138:
Goodpaster, Andrew Jackson; Rossides, Eugene T. (2001).
5270:
5179:
The Medieval Salento: Art and Identity in Southern Italy
4692:
club and was the first ever official goalscorer for the
3195:. At the time, they were already known as "Romaniotes".
6530:
5461:
Synagogale Musik der romaniotischen Juden Griechenlands
5028:
Cursing The Christians? A History of the Birkat HaMinim
4921:, Vol. 73, No. 4 (October–December, 2004), pp. 513–598.
3994:
in 1948, combined with the violence and anarchy of the
5562:
Prayerbook According to The Rite of The Romaniote Jews
4829:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 160.
3567:(prayer book) for the Romaniote rite was known as the
3455:: some of these are thought to have been based on the
6582:
Vincent Giordano Before the Flame Goes Out Collection
6551:, Romaniote prayer book for the Weekdays and Holidays
5876:"The Holocaust in Greece: Genocide and its Aftermath"
5819:, Brepols, Turnhout, 2015, pp. 22-31, 72-81, 290-297
4064:. Built in 1906, it now has services only during the
3744:
in Greek and Hebrew has also been published in 2018.
3218:
which passed to Ottoman authority in 1324. After the
6295:
6293:
5254:
5252:
4851:
Taking Greek Jewish Life to the Streets of New York.
4644:, is a Greek intellectual, author and leader of the
4587:
songs with a successful career in the United States.
4474:, a Jewish messiah claimant of the 17th century C.E.
3927:
A woman weeps during the deportation of the Jews of
3641:
brought to Ioannina the celebration of the Sicilian
2865:"Romans", while the Greek-speaking Jews were called
2366:
2347:
770:
277:
27:
Jewish community native to the Eastern Mediterranean
6541:
United Brotherhood Good Hope Society of Janina Inc.
5628:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
4657:Minister of Health and former president and CEO of
4611:, a psychiatrist, philosopher and innkeeper of the
65:Members of the Romaniote Greek Jewish community of
6333:"Family Tree of the Jewish Community of Zakynthos"
6258:"Spreading little-known history of Romaniote Jews"
6137:
5755:The Karaite community in Istanbul and their Hebrew
5624:Bowman, Steven (1985). "Language and Literature".
5474:Yanniotika Evraika Tragoudia. Ekdoseis Epeirotikes
4931:Bowman, Steven (1985). "Language and Literature".
3147:and recorded details about communities of Jews in
3082:was written down in the 10th century in Byzantine
3067:) to the north and the Jews of the early medieval
3012:The Romaniotes are Greek Jews, distinct from both
3002:is also the oldest Samaritan synagogue: it is the
6290:
6280:"FamilyTreeDNA - Romaniote DNA Project: About Us"
5990:"The Jewish Palate: The Romaniote Jews of Greece"
5249:
4873:Selected Papers in Greek and Near Eastern History
4688:, legendary Greek football player who played for
3677:in Judaeo-Greek. Another custom was to chant the
73:(front left) with his sons (back). Prior to 1940.
9007:
6415:The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews
6356:The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews
5192:"International Jewish Cemetery Project – Turkey"
4732:(1947–), American nuclear and forensic scientist
3792:) wrote a lengthy kabbalistic treatise entitled
3688:Romaniote Synagogues have their own layout: the
3474:for a long time, and many of them still use the
3248:in 1347, and now had been long cut off from its
8335:
6610:"The pre-Ashkenazi and Sephardi Romaniote Jews"
6011:"The Pre-Ashkenazi and Sephardi Romaniote Jews"
5508:
5506:
4605:, Vietnam War veteran. Medal of Honor recipient
3969:when it was torpedoed by the British submarine
3656:from the year 1735 gives the order to read the
3306:-ruled Greece. They spoke a separate language,
359:). Large Romaniote communities were located in
124:
4866:
4098:Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance
3860:) and Sephardic Hebrew, for example Sephardic
3086:by the Greek-speaking Jewish community there.
462:. Today there are still functioning Romaniote
332:or the languages of their new home countries.
8700:
8321:
6641:
6236:
6234:
6232:
5663:
5661:
5053:Medieval Jewish Civilisation: An Encyclopedia
4980:Istanbul Karaylari Istanbul Enstitüsü Dergisi
4154:are read out during services) is on a raised
4079:, discovered in 1930 at the foot of the hill
3889:and the as which are typical sounds of the
3698:are read out during services) is on a raised
2883:Jews have lived in Greece since at least the
2818:
6417:. Academic Studies Press. pp. 58, 128.
5733:The Non-Jewish Origins of the Sephardic Jews
5503:
3909:or other characteristics of identification.
3830:language of Ioannina underwent a process of
3726:published a Romaniote rite Pesach-Seder CD (
3560:; it is considered improper to lay it flat.
8130:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
5865:, July 28, 2005, retrieved January 5, 2009.
5494:
5276:
4753:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
4704:Albert Sabbas, a renowned nuclear physicist
3912:
3198:The first Romaniote synagogue coming under
3113:, as they found their way through Italy to
1062:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
446:and the deportation of most of the Jews to
354:
344:
8707:
8693:
8328:
8314:
6648:
6634:
6229:
6142:. American Hellenic Institute Foundation.
5658:
5332:Ritus. Eine Beschreibung synagogaler Riten
3747:
3714:made of silver as stars or tablets called
3395:of the Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue of
2825:
2811:
6547:Seder Tefillot ke-minhag kehillot Romania
6536:The Association of Friends of Greek Jewry
6009:Esquenazi, Deborah S. (October 5, 2006).
6008:
4768:History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire
4710:, Egyptian-Greek-French singer-songwriter
4676:Leon Batis, a holocaust survivor and hero
4666:, a descendant of the Romaniote branches
4113:Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina
3645:. The Jews of Ioannina call this holiday
2994:found in Thessaloniki may originate from
6677:Index of Jewish history-related articles
6255:
5655:. N. p., Athens 1958, pp. 58–75 (Greek).
5031:. Oxford University Press. p. 203.
4822:
4347:
4107:
3922:
3606:
3386:
3316:
2945:, who was working for the court of King
2920:
164:
144:
104:
84:
8176:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
6813:
5924:"Jewish Community of Crete Lost at Sea"
5695:Judeo-Greek in the era of globalization
5682:Judeo-Greek in the era of globalization
5380:
5378:
4945:
4800:
4664:Katherine, Crown Princess of Yugoslavia
4552:, officer of the Greek Army during the
4127:(the Jewish ritual for celebrating the
3853:Judeo-Greek in the era of globalization
3722:), which means obligation. In 2004 the
14:
9008:
8395:
6451:Judeo-Greek: The Language, The Culture
5894:Tickets in den Tod-Jüdische Allgemeine
5848:
5829:
5623:
5064:
5024:
4991:
4930:
3770:wrote down his exegetical commentary,
3506:into Greek. A polyglot edition of the
2982:, which may be the synagogue in which
8688:
8309:
6629:
6412:
6358:. Academic Studies Press. p. 4.
6353:
6031:"Holocaust and present-day situation"
5987:
5921:
5854:Raptis, Alekos and Tzallas, Thumios,
5610:Cf. afterword in Benjamin Klar, ed.,
5246:23 (1969): 229–249, specifically 236.
4960:
4343:
4039:. A mixed community of Romaniote and
3900:, which has been developed among the
3451:Jews, and are closer to those of the
3399:with the typical Romaniote Shadayot (
6655:
5404:Introduction to the Mahzor Bene Roma
5375:
4823:Mattheou, Dimitris (April 8, 2010).
4646:Workers Revolutionary Party (Greece)
4583:, a singer of Greek traditional and
3382:
328:words, but today's Romaniotes speak
79:Regions with significant populations
6499:Bibliography on the Romaniote Jewry
6393:Avotaynu DNA Project, June 18, 2024
6339:. November 17, 2014. Archived from
6319:"Romaniote Jews of Ioannina Greece"
3875:
3836:. The only phonetic differences to
267:
24:
8123:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
8103:American Jewish Historical Society
6443:
4906:Biblical Archaeology Review (BAR).
4624:, an author and holocaust survivor
4498:Aaron ben Joseph of Constantinople
4222:Most Romaniotes in Israel live in
4198:and in particular in neighbouring
3575:and represented the Minhag of the
2973:the island's Archaeological Museum
25:
9062:
6524:
6033:. Romaniotes Jews. Archived from
5499:(in German). Jüdische Allgemeine.
5495:Chajm Guski (December 11, 2014).
3522:translation on the other and the
3341:often hinged on the whims of the
3102:, the Aggadath Bereshit and many
2941:by the Scottish-German historian
853:Historical population comparisons
316:, a Greek dialect that contained
8716:
8354:
8336:
8287:
8274:
8273:
6056:"ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΚΕΡΚΥΡΑΣ"
5988:Wasko, Dennis (March 14, 2011).
5922:Green, David B. (June 9, 2014).
5708:Changing Educational Landscapes,
5430:The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia
5102:The Occult Sciences in Byzantium
4249:
3532:In the early Romaniote rite the
3427:and the Romaniote commentaries (
2980:Synagogue in the Agora of Athens
2861:) and its Christian citizens as
1497:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1411:Historical population by country
166:
146:
126:
106:
86:
59:
6453:. Jay Street Publishing, 2003.
6406:
6380:
6347:
6325:
6311:
6272:
6249:
6220:
6209:
6185:Liz Elsby with Kathryn Berman.
6178:
6166:
6156:
6131:
6113:
6091:
6079:
6061:
6049:
6023:
6002:
5981:
5961:
5936:
5915:
5897:
5886:
5868:
5809:
5796:
5787:
5777:
5764:
5747:
5738:
5713:
5700:
5687:
5674:
5645:
5632:
5626:The Jews of Byzantium 1204-1453
5617:
5604:
5588:
5575:
5554:
5533:
5519:
5488:
5479:
5466:
5453:
5435:
5422:
5409:
5396:
5372:, particularly of the Karaites.
5354:
5337:
5324:
5311:
5302:
5261:
5220:
5202:
5184:
5171:
5154:
5141:
5132:
5120:
5107:
5100:Magdalino, P. and Mavroudi, M.
5094:
5058:
5045:
5018:
4985:
4973:
4933:The Jews of Byzantium 1204-1453
4262:, at 280 Broome Street, in the
4031:. About 3,500 Jews now live in
3851:Krivoruchko states in her work
3821:
3244:in 1204 and even a case of the
2906:, a small coastal town between
9036:Greek people of Jewish descent
8195:Relations with other religions
4954:
4939:
4924:
4911:
4898:
4860:
4843:
4816:
4035:, while another 1,000 live in
4010:
3943:, when Greece was occupied by
2986:preached. Inscriptions in the
2891:. The earliest reference to a
13:
1:
8612:Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki
8182:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
4793:
4773:History of the Jews in Turkey
4763:History of the Jews in Greece
4758:History of the Jews in Cyprus
4694:Greece national football team
4563:Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
4561:, Rabbi and Recipient of the
4043:still lives on the Island of
3844:, was spelled and written as
3639:Jewish immigrants from Sicily
3518:) translation on one side, a
2971:location to the courtyard of
2896:
2879:History of the Jews in Greece
1068:Christianity and Judaism
8647:Don Pacifico affair and case
8113:Leo Baeck Institute New York
8108:American Sephardi Federation
5969:"The Jews of the Ionian Sea"
4870:(2002). Rhodes, P.J. (ed.).
4630:, of the Matsas family from
4565:, which was given to him by
4533:, religious philosopher and
4449:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
3652:The Mahzor of the Romaniote
3571:. It was actually the first
3544:. The order for reading the
3088:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
312:Their distinct language was
303:expulsion of Jews from Spain
7:
8797:Albanians of Western Thrace
6936:Constantinopolitan Karaites
5836:"The Holocaust in Ioannina"
5362:Hebrew Union College Annual
5285:. Peter Lang. p. 159.
4736:
4277:
4103:
3598:since creation of the world
3529:at the bottom of the page.
3419:The Romaniote prayer rite (
3026:Constantinopolitan Karaites
2367:
2348:
2075:Latin America and Caribbean
771:
278:
235:Constantinopolitan Karaites
10:
9067:
8602:Holocaust Museum of Greece
8164:National Library of Israel
6805:Zionism, race and genetics
6559:Marie-Élisabeth Handman, "
6514:Meḥqare Tefillah ve Piyyut
6260:. European Jewish Congress
5861:February 26, 2009, at the
5744:Drettas 1999, pp. 280-286.
5343:Natalio Fernandez Marcos,
5147:Howell, H. and Rogers, Z.
4882:Cambridge University Press
4599:, francophone Swiss writer
4481:Karaites of Constantinople
4281:
4090:
3916:
3486:. He is the author of the
3423:) as seen in the original
2876:
2872:
2857:
2836:
2680:Jewish political movements
2377:Conversion to Judaism
297:, some of whom settled in
29:
8912:
8769:
8733:
8671:
8630:
8594:
8533:
8492:
8430:
8384:
8363:
8262:
8118:Yeshiva University Museum
8098:Center for Jewish History
8088:
7953:
7825:
7699:
7593:
7124:
6743:
6685:
6667:
6486:. Lexington Books, 2008,
5974:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
5841:December 8, 2008, at the
5721:Eurasian Studies Yearbook
5349:Les cinq livres de la Loi
4963:Revue des Études Grecques
4217:
4158:on the western wall, the
4055:
4050:
3919:Axis occupation of Greece
3868:(Σαβώθ) in Judaeo-Greek.
3702:on the western wall, the
3602:destruction of the Temple
3439:, vary from those of the
3415:) and ancestral details).
3302:in 1492; many settled in
1083:Hinduism and Judaism
440:Axis occupation of Greece
355:
353:("Empire of the Romans",
345:
255:
224:
219:
212:
207:
188:
183:
163:
143:
123:
103:
83:
78:
58:
51:
8663:National Union of Greece
6710:Ancient Israel and Judah
6413:Brook, Kevin A. (2022).
6354:Brook, Kevin A. (2022).
5684:, 2011, esp. pp. 125 ff.
5539:P. Gkoumas, F. Leubner,
5516:, 2017, p. 40 (Booklet).
4421:Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
4177:
3913:Holocaust and afterwards
3826:After World War II, the
3669:of Crete, is to read on
3098:, the Sefer Hachmoni of
2895:is an inscription dated
909:Temple in Jerusalem
602:Bar and bat mitzvah
448:Nazi concentration camps
395:, and on the islands of
289:community native to the
52:
30:Not to be confused with
9031:Ethnic groups in Greece
8617:Jewish Museum of Rhodes
8607:Jewish Museum of Greece
7086:North African Sephardim
7059:Jewish tribes of Arabia
6614:Jerusalem Post Magazine
6501:. First Edition, 2016.
5560:P. Sennis, F. Leubner,
5514:The Memory of Artefacts
5432:, 2011, s. v. "Mahzor".
5390:www.romaniotelegacy.org
5366:Jewish Quarterly Review
5321:, 2017, p. 4 (booklet).
5319:The Memory of Artefacts
5149:A Companion to Josephus
4992:Bonfil, Robert (2011).
4397:of the 5th century C.E.
4395:Jewish messiah claimant
4328:era." Romaniote Jewish
4284:Genetic studies on Jews
4234:. The former Romaniote
3748:Language and literature
3724:Jewish Museum of Greece
3600:and the year since the
3329:with his wife Victoria.
3187:, in the production of
3090:, a Romaniote Jew from
871:Twelve Tribes of Israel
485:
349:), which refers to the
8520:Hebrew Political Union
8189:Holocaust Encyclopedia
8159:Jewish Virtual Library
6608:Deborah S. Esquenazi,
6471:. Cadmus Press, 1989.
5693:Krivoruchko, Julia G.
5680:Krivoruchko, Julia G.
5281:; Pieter Plas (eds.).
4806:Menelaos Hadjicostis,
4634:, music producer (see
4520:Abraham Cohen of Zante
4462:Shemariah of Negropont
4360:
4116:
3936:
3618:
3416:
3330:
3235:a devastating conquest
3220:Fall of Constantinople
3143:travelled through the
3122:Christian counterparts
2930:
9026:Romaniote Jews topics
8622:Kehila Kedosha Janina
8136:Encyclopaedia Judaica
7918:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
7103:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
6853:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
6512:Goldschmidt, Daniel,
6305:www.familytreedna.com
6284:www.familytreedna.com
5725:Encyclopaedia Judaica
5244:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
5025:Langer, Ruth (2012).
4730:Kenneth Alvin Solomon
4659:State of Israel Bonds
4351:
4282:Further information:
4260:Kehila Kedosha Janina
4111:
3957:Greek Orthodox Church
3926:
3907:Colophon (publishing)
3891:Standard Modern Greek
3838:Standard Modern Greek
3728:The Ioannina Haggadah
3626:, Adam's first wife.
3612:Kehila Kedosha Janina
3610:
3470:The Romaniotes spoke
3390:
3320:
3287:of the towns and the
3139:In the 12th century,
2924:
2877:Further information:
2837:Further information:
1617:São Tomé and Príncipe
1612:Republic of the Congo
1006:Second Temple Judaism
877:Kingdom of Judah
848:Modern historiography
478:, New York City, and
434:were murdered in the
291:Eastern Mediterranean
220:Related ethnic groups
9046:Jewish Greek history
9041:Jewish ethnic groups
8525:Maccabi Thessaloniki
6715:Second Temple period
6621:"Farewell My Island"
6598:, digital exhibition
6469:The Jews of Ioannina
6423:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn
6364:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn
5774:, pp. 299-305, 2004.
5761:, Oslo 1997, p. 113.
5759:Three Hebrew Primers
5735:, 1996, pp. 204-205.
5719:Kulik 2016, p. 185;
5697:, 2011, pp. 122-127.
5653:Greek-Jewish studies
5581:Greenberg, Yonatan,
5564:. Norderstedt 2018.
5543:. Norderstedt 2017.
5428:Mordecai Schreiber,
4690:Iraklis Thessaloniki
4570:King of the Hellenes
4332:haplogroups include
4115:with Romaniote items
3763:Palestinian rabbinic
3667:Etz Hayyim Synagogue
3355:King of the Hellenes
2849:Eastern Roman Empire
2719:World Agudath Israel
1860:United Arab Emirates
947:Second Temple period
937:Babylonian captivity
351:Eastern Roman Empire
336:is derived from the
8652:1891 riots in Corfu
8403:Hellenistic Judaism
8153:Jewish Encyclopedia
7898:Hekhalot literature
7709:Religious movements
7244:Judeo-Tripolitanian
6321:. December 4, 2010.
6243:New York Daily News
6197:on November 7, 2017
6037:on October 11, 2011
5882:. October 21, 2019.
5815:Philippe Bobichon,
5706:Dimitris Mattheou.
5594:Philippe Bobichon,
5417:Jewish Encyclopedia
5215:Channel 4 – History
4748:Hellenistic Judaism
4617:Manchester, Vermont
4567:George II of Greece
4457:Archbishop of Ohrid
4426:Ahimaaz ben Paltiel
4376:Asaph ben Berechiah
4254:Only one Romaniote
3552:('tik', from Greek
3281:anti-Jewish measure
3096:Ahimaaz ben Paltiel
2889:Alexander the Great
2839:Names of the Greeks
1012:Hellenistic Judaism
590:Land of Israel
549:Principles of faith
48:
8878:Slavic Macedonians
8642:Rhodes blood libel
8505:Jewish Koine Greek
8294:Judaism portal
8230:Jews and Halloween
8225:Jews and Christmas
7615:Rabbinic authority
7367:Judaeo-Piedmontese
6800:Xueta Christianity
6705:Origins of Judaism
6672:Outline of Judaism
6574:Vincent Giordano,
6569:Études balkaniques
6482:Fromm, Annette B.
6449:Connerty, Mary C.
6343:on April 20, 2022.
6101:. Edwardvictor.com
6099:"Ioannina, Greece"
6088:- Chabad of Greece
5948:www.britannica.com
4855:My Jewish Learning
4778:Jewish Koine Greek
4467:Zerachiah HaYavani
4431:Eleazar ben Killir
4411:Hillel ben Eliakim
4406:Tobiah ben Eliezer
4401:Shabbethai Donnolo
4361:
4344:Notable Romaniotes
4117:
3937:
3933:Auschwitz-Birkenau
3798:Mordecai Komatiano
3768:Hillel ben Eliakim
3759:Hellenistic Jewish
3658:Megillat Antiochos
3619:
3536:was subdivided in
3494:commentary on the
3480:Tobiah ben Eliezer
3465:Palestinian minhag
3417:
3331:
3141:Benjamin of Tudela
3100:Shabbethai Donnolo
3032:shortly after the
2935:Hellenistic Jewish
2931:
2900: 300–250 BCE
2573:Jewish Koine Greek
2115:Dominican Republic
1396:Judaism by country
1075:Jews and Christmas
930:Assyrian captivity
46:
9003:
9002:
8853:Megleno-Romanians
8682:
8681:
8488:
8487:
8426:
8425:
8303:
8302:
8269:extinct languages
8170:YIVO Encyclopedia
7945:Hebrew literature
7913:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
7753:Reconstructionist
7431:Judaeo-Portuguese
7120:
7119:
7076:Eastern Sephardim
6720:Synagogal Judaism
6616:, October 5, 2006
6518:On Jewish Liturgy
6492:978-0-7391-2061-3
5292:978-90-5201-297-1
5162:Jews of Byzantium
4982:3 (1957): 97–102.
4836:978-90-481-8534-4
4554:Greco-Italian War
4330:mitochondrial DNA
4240:Christian Quarter
4002:on the island of
3776:Shemarya HaIkriti
3755:Greco-Roman world
3461:Babylonian Talmud
3383:Nusach and Minhag
2885:Second Temple era
2835:
2834:
2784:
2783:
2532:
2531:
2279:Reconstructionist
2223:
2222:
1375:
1374:
1182:
1181:
1019:Jewish–Roman wars
967:Hasmonean dynasty
883:Kingdom of Israel
787:
786:
276:
240:
239:
16:(Redirected from
9058:
8903:
8896:
8889:
8847:
8835:
8828:
8806:
8799:
8792:
8785:
8721:
8720:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8686:
8685:
8676:
8634:
8561:Mordechai Frizis
8510:Yevanic language
8453:Internment camps
8428:
8427:
8393:
8392:
8388:
8358:
8351:
8345:
8340:
8330:
8323:
8316:
8307:
8306:
8292:
8291:
8290:
8277:
8276:
7409:Judeo-Golpaygani
7010:Palestinian Jews
6985:Alexandrian Jews
6941:Crimean Karaites
6858:Unterlander Jews
6811:
6810:
6725:Rabbinic Judaism
6650:
6643:
6636:
6627:
6626:
6603:Ioannina, Greece
6566:
6437:
6436:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6297:
6288:
6287:
6276:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6253:
6247:
6246:, June 18, 2008.
6238:
6227:
6224:
6218:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6193:. Archived from
6182:
6176:
6170:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6095:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6006:
6000:
5999:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5977:. April 7, 2011.
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5940:
5934:
5933:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5901:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5872:
5866:
5852:
5846:
5833:
5827:
5813:
5807:
5800:
5794:
5791:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5768:
5762:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5736:
5717:
5711:
5710:2010, pp. 162 f.
5704:
5698:
5691:
5685:
5678:
5672:
5665:
5656:
5649:
5643:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5621:
5615:
5612:Megillat Ahimaaz
5608:
5602:
5592:
5586:
5579:
5573:
5558:
5552:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5523:
5517:
5510:
5501:
5500:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5477:
5470:
5464:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5439:
5433:
5426:
5420:
5413:
5407:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5386:"Romaniote Jews"
5382:
5373:
5358:
5352:
5341:
5335:
5328:
5322:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5247:
5240:
5231:
5224:
5218:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5198:on June 7, 2011.
5194:. Archived from
5188:
5182:
5175:
5169:
5158:
5152:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5130:
5124:
5118:
5111:
5105:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5075:
5062:
5056:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5022:
5016:
5015:
4999:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4928:
4922:
4915:
4909:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4864:
4858:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4820:
4814:
4811:Associated Press
4804:
4708:Georges Moustaki
4591:Mathias Naphtali
4550:Mordechai Frizis
4546:, American actor
4503:Aaron ben Elijah
4488:Caleb Afendopolo
4386:Mordecai Comtino
4354:Mordechai Frizis
4236:Yanina Synagogue
4208:Phthiotic Thebes
4000:great earthquake
3976:on 9 June 1944.
3888:
3876:Romaniote Hebrew
3858:Romaniote Hebrew
3712:Votive offerings
3581:Mahzor Bene Roma
3457:Jerusalem Talmud
3401:Votive offerings
3323:Mordechai Frizis
3222:on 29 May 1453,
3145:Byzantine Empire
2984:Paul the Apostle
2901:
2898:
2860:
2859:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2676:
2675:
2557:
2378:
2372:
2353:
2317:
2316:
2264:
2211:New Zealand
2163:
2126:El Salvador
2116:
2048:Northern America
2040:
1634:
1390:
1389:
1301:Crimean Karaites
1197:
1196:
1175:
1173:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1069:
1057:Rabbinic Judaism
1038:
1032:
1026:
1014:
1002:
968:
961:Maccabean Revolt
938:
931:
925:
917:
910:
904:
896:
878:
802:
801:
776:
671:
670:
603:
591:
490:
489:
427:, among others.
358:
357:
356:Βασιλεία Ρωμαίων
348:
347:
320:along with some
281:
271:
269:
257:
176:
172:
170:
169:
156:
152:
150:
149:
136:
132:
130:
129:
116:
112:
110:
109:
96:
92:
90:
89:
63:
49:
45:
21:
9066:
9065:
9061:
9060:
9059:
9057:
9056:
9055:
9006:
9005:
9004:
8999:
8908:
8899:
8892:
8885:
8843:
8831:
8824:
8802:
8795:
8788:
8781:
8765:
8729:
8715:
8713:
8683:
8678:
8674:
8667:
8657:Campbell pogrom
8632:
8626:
8590:
8551:Avraam Benaroya
8541:Mary the Jewess
8529:
8515:Ladino language
8484:
8422:
8386:
8380:
8359:
8349:
8343:
8334:
8304:
8299:
8288:
8286:
8258:
8084:
7949:
7821:
7695:
7589:
7404:Judeo-Borujerdi
7379:Judeo-Malayalam
7325:Judeo-Aragonese
7296:Lishanid Noshan
7128:
7116:
6848:Oberlander Jews
6809:
6739:
6681:
6663:
6654:
6601:Edward Victor,
6564:
6527:
6446:
6444:Further reading
6441:
6440:
6433:
6411:
6407:
6397:
6395:
6385:
6381:
6374:
6352:
6348:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6299:
6298:
6291:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6263:
6261:
6254:
6250:
6239:
6230:
6225:
6221:
6214:
6210:
6200:
6198:
6183:
6179:
6171:
6167:
6161:
6157:
6150:
6136:
6132:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6104:
6102:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6084:
6080:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6007:
6003:
5986:
5982:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5942:
5941:
5937:
5920:
5916:
5911:. June 9, 2014.
5903:
5902:
5898:
5891:
5887:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5863:Wayback Machine
5853:
5849:
5843:Wayback Machine
5834:
5830:
5814:
5810:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5769:
5765:
5757:, pp. 355–356;
5753:Harviainen, T.
5752:
5748:
5743:
5739:
5718:
5714:
5705:
5701:
5692:
5688:
5679:
5675:
5666:
5659:
5650:
5646:
5637:
5633:
5622:
5618:
5609:
5605:
5593:
5589:
5580:
5576:
5559:
5555:
5538:
5534:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5511:
5504:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5480:
5471:
5467:
5458:
5454:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5427:
5423:
5414:
5410:
5402:Luzzato, S. D.
5401:
5397:
5384:
5383:
5376:
5359:
5355:
5342:
5338:
5330:Zunz, Leopold.
5329:
5325:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5279:Detrez, Raymond
5275:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5257:
5250:
5241:
5234:
5225:
5221:
5210:The Black Death
5207:
5203:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5176:
5172:
5159:
5155:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5125:
5121:
5112:
5108:
5099:
5095:
5088:
5063:
5059:
5050:
5046:
5039:
5023:
5019:
5012:
4990:
4986:
4978:
4974:
4959:
4955:
4944:
4940:
4929:
4925:
4916:
4912:
4903:
4899:
4892:
4884:. p. 381.
4865:
4861:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4821:
4817:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4739:
4686:Alberto Nahmias
4680:Alexander Levis
4544:Abraham Benrubi
4493:Elijah Bashyazi
4479:Greek-speaking
4436:Elijah Mizrachi
4416:Elia del Medigo
4365:Byzantine times
4346:
4286:
4280:
4264:Lower East Side
4252:
4220:
4180:
4106:
4093:
4085:Jewish identity
4073:Jewish identity
4058:
4053:
4013:
3996:Greek Civil War
3921:
3915:
3898:Hebrew alphabet
3878:
3864:was spelled as
3824:
3750:
3683:Targum Jonathan
3635:Byzantine melos
3633:, based on the
3542:Triennial cycle
3459:instead of the
3433:Jewish exegesis
3385:
2992:Greek alphabets
2899:
2881:
2875:
2841:
2831:
2786:
2785:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2653:Judeo-Malayalam
2633:Judaeo-Georgian
2553:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2434:Yiddish theatre
2376:
2314:
2304:
2303:
2262:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2161:
2114:
2038:
1632:
1416:Genetic studies
1387:
1377:
1376:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1072:
1067:
1049:and Middle Ages
1047:Rabbinic period
1034:
1028:
1021:
1009:
980:
966:
936:
929:
920:
912:
908:
899:
894:in Judaism
891:
876:
799:
789:
788:
668:
658:
657:
601:
589:
534:
488:
167:
165:
147:
145:
127:
125:
107:
105:
87:
85:
74:
54:
44:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9064:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9016:Romaniote Jews
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8916:
8914:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8904:
8901:Western Thrace
8897:
8890:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8868:Romaniote Jews
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8838:
8837:
8836:
8829:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8808:
8807:
8800:
8793:
8790:Cham Albanians
8786:
8773:
8771:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8737:
8735:
8731:
8730:
8712:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8689:
8680:
8679:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8665:
8660:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8638:
8636:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8598:
8596:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8537:
8535:
8534:Notable people
8531:
8530:
8528:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8496:
8494:
8490:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8445:
8440:
8434:
8432:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8408:Byzantine Jews
8405:
8399:
8397:
8390:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8378:
8376:Sephardic Jews
8373:
8371:Romaniote Jews
8367:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8333:
8332:
8325:
8318:
8310:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8283:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8236:non-Christian
8234:
8233:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8192:
8185:
8178:
8173:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8132:
8127:
8126:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8094:
8092:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8070:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8021:
8011:
8006:
8005:
8004:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7982:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7959:
7957:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7935:Shulchan Aruch
7932:
7931:
7930:
7925:
7923:Sefer Yetzirah
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7903:Pardes Rimonim
7900:
7893:Kabbalah texts
7890:
7889:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7837:
7831:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7783:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7726:
7705:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7686:Land of Israel
7683:
7682:
7681:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7599:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7564:
7562:Judeo-Alsatian
7554:
7553:
7552:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7483:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7414:Judeo-Hamedani
7411:
7406:
7401:
7391:
7389:Judaeo-Occitan
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7348:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7330:Jewish English
7327:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7261:Judaeo-Aramaic
7258:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7249:Judeo-Tunisian
7246:
7241:
7239:Judeo-Moroccan
7236:
7235:
7234:
7232:Judeo-Baghdadi
7219:
7214:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7136:
7134:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7088:
7083:
7081:Livornese Jews
7078:
7068:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6877:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6828:Afrikaner-Jode
6819:
6817:
6808:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6749:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6691:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6653:
6652:
6645:
6638:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6619:Isaac Dostis,
6617:
6606:
6599:
6591:
6585:
6579:
6572:
6557:
6552:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6526:
6525:External links
6523:
6522:
6521:
6510:
6495:
6480:
6462:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6432:978-1644699843
6431:
6405:
6379:
6373:978-1644699843
6372:
6346:
6337:Beit Hatfutsot
6324:
6310:
6289:
6271:
6256:Laura Silver.
6248:
6228:
6219:
6208:
6177:
6165:
6155:
6148:
6130:
6112:
6090:
6078:
6060:
6048:
6022:
6016:Jerusalem Post
6001:
5995:Jerusalem Post
5980:
5960:
5935:
5914:
5896:
5885:
5867:
5847:
5828:
5808:
5795:
5786:
5776:
5763:
5746:
5737:
5712:
5699:
5686:
5673:
5657:
5644:
5638:Bongas, E. A.
5631:
5616:
5603:
5587:
5574:
5553:
5532:
5518:
5502:
5487:
5478:
5465:
5452:
5434:
5421:
5408:
5406:, 1966, p. 34.
5395:
5374:
5353:
5336:
5323:
5310:
5301:
5291:
5269:
5260:
5248:
5232:
5219:
5201:
5183:
5177:Linda Safran,
5170:
5166:Hebrew Studies
5164:, p. 153; cf.
5153:
5140:
5131:
5119:
5106:
5104:, 2006, p. 293
5093:
5086:
5066:Bonfil, Robert
5057:
5055:, 2014 p. 127.
5044:
5037:
5017:
5010:
4984:
4972:
4953:
4938:
4923:
4910:
4897:
4890:
4868:David M. Lewis
4859:
4842:
4835:
4815:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4727:
4721:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4696:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4661:
4653:, is a former
4648:
4639:
4625:
4622:Michael Matsas
4619:
4606:
4603:Jack H. Jacobs
4600:
4594:
4588:
4578:
4572:
4556:
4547:
4541:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4476:
4475:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4451:
4446:
4444:Ottoman Empire
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4391:Moses of Crete
4388:
4383:
4378:
4369:Ottoman Empire
4345:
4342:
4294:Ashkenazi Jews
4279:
4276:
4272:tri-state area
4251:
4248:
4219:
4216:
4179:
4176:
4105:
4102:
4092:
4089:
4066:High Holy Days
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4012:
4009:
3914:
3911:
3877:
3874:
3823:
3820:
3816:Greek language
3785:Sefer Yosippon
3780:Sefer Amasyahu
3772:Sifre ve Sifra
3749:
3746:
3577:Byzantine Jews
3569:Mahzor Romania
3524:Judaeo-Aramaic
3516:Judaeo-Spanish
3512:Constantinople
3476:Greek language
3425:Mahzor Romania
3384:
3381:
3339:Ottoman Empire
3333:The status of
3296:Ashkenazi Jews
3084:Southern Italy
3080:Sefer Yosippon
3073:Eastern Europe
3047:The Romaniote
3022:Byzantine Jews
2963:Gabriel Welter
2947:Otto of Greece
2874:
2871:
2847:refers to the
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2714:Territorialism
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2598:Judaeo-Spanish
2595:
2593:Judaeo-Iranian
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:United Kingdom
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:Bilad-el-Sudan
1469:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1425:Land of Israel
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1283:Related groups
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Jewish atheism
1132:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:Islamic–Jewish
1086:
1079:
1064:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1016:
1003:
975:
970:
963:
958:
956:Yehud Medinata
950:
949:
943:
942:
941:
940:
933:
926:
918:
905:
897:
885:
880:
873:
865:
864:
862:Ancient Israel
858:
857:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
818:Land of Israel
815:
807:
806:
800:
795:
794:
791:
790:
785:
784:
783:
782:
777:
773:Shulchan Aruch
768:
763:
758:
753:
745:
744:
743:
742:
737:
729:
728:
722:
721:
720:
719:
714:
706:
705:
699:
698:
697:
696:
691:
686:
678:
677:
669:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
598:
593:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
551:
546:
539:God in Judaism
535:
530:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
518:
510:
509:
499:
498:
487:
484:
460:Western Europe
432:Jews of Greece
299:Ottoman Greece
284:Greek-speaking
244:Romaniote Jews
238:
237:
222:
221:
217:
216:
210:
209:
205:
204:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
161:
160:
157:
141:
140:
137:
121:
120:
117:
101:
100:
97:
81:
80:
76:
75:
64:
56:
55:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9063:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9011:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8911:
8902:
8898:
8895:
8891:
8888:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8873:Sephardi Jews
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8846:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8834:
8830:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8805:
8801:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8787:
8784:
8780:
8779:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8723:Ethnic groups
8719:
8710:
8705:
8703:
8698:
8696:
8691:
8690:
8687:
8677:
8670:
8664:
8661:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8629:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8599:
8597:
8593:
8587:
8586:Salamo Arouch
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8571:Roza Eskenazi
8569:
8567:
8566:Raphaël Salem
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8556:Gina Bachauer
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8546:Sabbatai Zevi
8544:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8532:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8491:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8429:
8419:
8418:The Holocaust
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8383:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8346:
8339:
8331:
8326:
8324:
8319:
8317:
8312:
8311:
8308:
8296:
8295:
8284:
8282:
8281:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8266:
8261:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8220:Protestantism
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8154:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8087:
8081:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8037:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8029:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8003:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7908:Sefer HaBahir
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7895:
7894:
7891:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7835:Sifrei Kodesh
7833:
7832:
7830:
7828:
7824:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7720:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7692:
7691:Who is a Jew?
7689:
7687:
7684:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7620:Chosen people
7618:
7616:
7613:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7592:
7586:
7583:
7577:
7576:Scots-Yiddish
7574:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7549:Klezmer-loshn
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7419:Judeo-Shirazi
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7395:
7394:Judeo-Persian
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7384:Judeo-Marathi
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7362:Judeo-Italian
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7217:Judeo-Amazigh
7215:
7213:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7127:
7123:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7040:Hadhrami Jews
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7005:Mountain Jews
7003:
7001:
7000:Egyptian Jews
6998:
6996:
6995:Bukharan Jews
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6783:Lists of Jews
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6651:
6646:
6644:
6639:
6637:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6573:
6570:
6562:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6549:, Venice 1545
6548:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6507:9783741273360
6504:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6477:0-930685-03-2
6474:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6459:1-889534-88-9
6456:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6434:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6409:
6394:
6390:
6383:
6375:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6350:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6320:
6314:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6223:
6217:
6212:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6169:
6159:
6151:
6149:9781889247038
6145:
6141:
6134:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6100:
6094:
6087:
6082:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6057:
6052:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6005:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5984:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5918:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5893:
5889:
5881:
5877:
5871:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5851:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5805:
5799:
5790:
5784:165-197,1991.
5780:
5773:
5767:
5760:
5756:
5750:
5741:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5709:
5703:
5696:
5690:
5683:
5677:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5654:
5648:
5641:
5635:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5584:
5578:
5571:
5570:9783746091419
5567:
5563:
5557:
5550:
5549:9783743133853
5546:
5542:
5536:
5528:
5522:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5498:
5491:
5482:
5475:
5469:
5462:
5456:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5431:
5425:
5418:
5412:
5405:
5399:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5333:
5327:
5320:
5314:
5305:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5273:
5264:
5255:
5253:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5229:
5223:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5180:
5174:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5150:
5144:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5117:, 2007, p. 91
5116:
5110:
5103:
5097:
5089:
5087:9789004203556
5083:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5054:
5051:Norman Roth,
5048:
5040:
5038:9780199783175
5034:
5030:
5029:
5021:
5013:
5011:9789004203556
5007:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4988:
4981:
4976:
4968:
4965:(in French).
4964:
4957:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4914:
4907:
4901:
4893:
4891:0-521-46564-8
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4863:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4846:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4819:
4812:
4809:
4803:
4799:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4724:Silvio Santos
4722:
4719:
4715:
4714:Moisis Elisaf
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:Wilburton Inn
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4509:
4508:Judah Hadassi
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4473:
4472:Sabbatai Zevi
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:Moses Capsali
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4298:Y-chromosomal
4295:
4291:
4290:autosomal DNA
4285:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4250:United States
4247:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4164:Torah scrolls
4161:
4160:Aron haKodesh
4157:
4153:
4152:Torah scrolls
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4129:coming of age
4126:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4101:
4099:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3704:Aron haKodesh
3701:
3697:
3696:Torah scrolls
3693:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3679:Song of Songs
3676:
3675:Book of Jonah
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3510:published in
3509:
3505:
3501:
3500:Five Megillot
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3358:Constantine I
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3254:shibusi style
3251:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:Etz ha-Hayyim
3201:
3196:
3194:
3193:silk garments
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:Second Temple
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2961:in 1928 and
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Judeo-Aramaic
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Judeo-Italian
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Ghardaïa Sign
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:Denominations
2229:
2228:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:United States
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Guinea-Bissau
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Lists of Jews
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:The Holocaust
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
951:
948:
945:
944:
939:
934:
932:
927:
923:
919:
916:
911:
906:
902:
898:
895:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
866:
863:
860:
859:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
808:
804:
803:
798:
793:
792:
781:
778:
775:
774:
769:
767:
764:
762:
761:Mishneh Torah
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
746:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
730:
727:
724:
723:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
708:
707:
704:
701:
700:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
679:
676:
673:
672:
667:
662:
661:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
599:
597:
594:
592:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
544:
540:
537:
536:
533:
528:
527:
522:
521:Who is a Jew?
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:
508:
504:
501:
500:
496:
492:
491:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:United States
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
352:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:ethnic Jewish
285:
280:
274:
265:
261:
253:
249:
245:
236:
232:
228:
223:
218:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
175:
162:
158:
155:
142:
138:
135:
134:United States
122:
118:
115:
102:
98:
95:
82:
77:
72:
68:
62:
57:
50:
41:
37:
33:
32:Romanian Jews
19:
8867:
8746:Cappadocians
8633:Antisemitism
8581:Albert Cohen
8576:Karolos Koun
8500:Greek citron
8475:Thessaloniki
8413:Ottoman Jews
8370:
8353:
8341:
8285:
8278:
8264:
8187:
8180:
8168:
8151:
8134:
7968:perspectives
7802:Samaritanism
7763:Neo-Hasidism
7743:Conservative
7657:Names of God
7566:
7547:
7357:Judaeo-Greek
7352:Judeo-Gascon
7291:Lishán Didán
7286:Lishana Deni
7254:Judeo-Yemeni
7222:Judeo-Arabic
7096:Meshuchrarim
7065:
7015:Persian Jews
6948:Kurdish Jews
6926:Kaifeng Jews
6875:Beta Abraham
6838:Galitzianers
6793:Antisemitism
6768:Israeli Jews
6753:Assimilation
6613:
6593:
6568:
6546:
6517:
6513:
6498:
6497:Gkoumas, P.
6483:
6468:
6450:
6414:
6408:
6398:September 5,
6396:. Retrieved
6392:
6382:
6355:
6349:
6341:the original
6336:
6327:
6313:
6304:
6283:
6274:
6262:. Retrieved
6251:
6241:
6222:
6211:
6199:. Retrieved
6195:the original
6180:
6168:
6158:
6139:
6133:
6124:
6115:
6105:September 7,
6103:. Retrieved
6093:
6086:"Synagogues"
6081:
6072:
6063:
6051:
6039:. Retrieved
6035:the original
6025:
6014:
6004:
5993:
5983:
5972:
5963:
5951:. Retrieved
5947:
5938:
5927:
5917:
5908:
5899:
5888:
5879:
5870:
5850:
5831:
5816:
5811:
5803:
5798:
5789:
5779:
5771:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5740:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5694:
5689:
5681:
5676:
5668:
5652:
5647:
5639:
5634:
5625:
5619:
5611:
5606:
5595:
5590:
5582:
5577:
5561:
5556:
5540:
5535:
5521:
5513:
5490:
5481:
5473:
5468:
5460:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5429:
5424:
5416:
5411:
5403:
5398:
5389:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5356:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5331:
5326:
5318:
5313:
5304:
5296:
5282:
5272:
5263:
5243:
5227:
5222:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5196:the original
5186:
5178:
5173:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5148:
5143:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5114:
5109:
5101:
5096:
5071:
5060:
5052:
5047:
5027:
5020:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4947:
4941:
4932:
4926:
4918:
4913:
4905:
4900:
4872:
4862:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4825:
4818:
4813:6 June 2018.
4802:
4783:Thessaloniki
4743:Greek citron
4699:Avram Pengas
4671:
4667:
4651:Joshua Matza
4642:Savas Matsas
4628:Minos Matsas
4609:Albert Levis
4597:Albert Cohen
4581:Amalia Bakas
4559:Moshe Pesach
4514:Modern times
4513:
4512:
4478:
4477:
4440:Hakham Bashi
4363:
4362:
4340:, and U6a3.
4300:haplogroups
4287:
4253:
4221:
4212:Moshe Pesach
4181:
4139:
4133:
4118:
4094:
4070:
4059:
4041:Apulian Jews
4037:Thessaloniki
4017:Thessaloniki
4014:
3989:
3978:
3972:
3964:
3961:Thessaloniki
3949:Nazi Germany
3945:Nazi Germany
3941:World War II
3938:
3895:
3879:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3828:Judaeo-Greek
3825:
3822:Judaeo-Greek
3810:
3793:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3751:
3741:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3690:
3687:
3662:
3651:
3647:Pourimopoulo
3646:
3631:cantillation
3628:
3620:
3580:
3568:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3531:
3487:
3472:Judaeo-Greek
3469:
3453:Italian Jews
3424:
3418:
3411:(mostly the
3391:View on the
3370:
3366:World War II
3362:
3351:
3332:
3293:
3289:Hakham Bashi
3285:Chief Rabbis
3258:
3253:
3203:
3197:
3181:cloth dyeing
3173:Thessaloniki
3138:
3134:Thessaloniki
3119:
3077:
3046:
3011:
2977:
2932:
2882:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2844:
2842:
2777:Post-Zionism
2648:Judeo-Berber
2643:Judeo-Arabic
2603:Judeo-Gascon
2350:Pidyon haben
2269:Conservative
1815:Saudi Arabia
1633:South Africa
1622:Sierra Leone
1444:Israeli Jews
1358:Mosaic Arabs
1311:Kaifeng Jews
1259:
1172:Arab–Israeli
1155:Soviet Union
1140:Emancipation
1024:Great Revolt
833:Anti-Judaism
828:Antisemitism
823:Name "Judea"
618:Baal teshuva
444:World War II
430:Most of the
429:
361:Thessaloniki
340:
330:Modern Greek
311:
309:after 1492.
259:
247:
243:
241:
71:Moshe Pesach
43:Ethnic group
40:
36:Italian Jews
8935:Australians
8770:Traditional
8751:Macedonians
8431:By location
8364:Communities
8210:Catholicism
7792:Hellenistic
7630:Eschatology
7568:Lachoudisch
7493:Lotegorisch
7471:Lachoudisch
7461:Koiné Greek
7374:Judeo-Latin
7311:Palestinian
7205:Palestinian
7054:Mustaʿravim
6980:Afghan Jews
6968:Berber Jews
6892:Bene Israel
6880:Falash Mura
6870:Beta Israel
6788:Persecution
6730:Middle Ages
6565:(in French)
6465:Dalven, Rae
6264:December 7,
6201:December 7,
5472:J. Matsas:
5447:pjvoice.org
5226:A. Sharon:
5160:Bowman, S.
5126:Dönitz, S.
4904:Pummer, R.
4720:(2019–2023)
4716:, mayor of
4454:Leo II Mung
4162:(where the
4150:(where the
4125:Bar Mitzvah
4081:Hephaestion
4011:Present day
3833:koinezation
3794:Eben Saphir
3694:(where the
3643:Purim Katan
3377:blood libel
3375:sparked by
3246:Black Death
3231:many sieges
3155:, Aphilon,
3034:destruction
2955:Furtwängler
2943:Ludwig Ross
2902:, found in
2867:Rhomaniṓtes
2772:Revisionist
2762:Neo-Zionism
2369:Zeved habat
2162:Puerto Rico
1988:Netherlands
1820:South Korea
1805:Philippines
1685:Afghanistan
1552:Ivory Coast
1326:Crypto-Jews
1291:Bnei Anusim
1270:Bene Israel
1235:Beta Israel
1192:Communities
1099:Middle Ages
838:Persecution
613:Bereavement
260:Rhomaniótes
9021:Greek Jews
9010:Categories
8975:Pakistanis
8894:Dodecanese
8833:Dodecanese
8817:Aromanians
8675:Synagogues
8205:Anabaptism
8147:Jew (word)
8014:Leadership
7827:Literature
7812:Secularism
7758:Humanistic
7625:Conversion
7595:Philosophy
7436:Judeo-Urdu
7200:Babylonian
7045:Saada Jews
7030:Adeni Jews
6823:Ashkenazim
6778:Samaritans
6745:Population
6700:Israelites
6191:Yad Vashem
5953:August 20,
5415:"Mahzor",
5113:Kohen, E.
4969:: 147–151.
4794:References
4575:Rae Dalven
4352:Statue of
3917:See also:
3671:Yom Kippur
3654:Kaffa Rite
3496:Pentateuch
3488:Lekach Tov
3437:Jewish law
3265:Christians
3250:hinterland
3216:Asia Minor
3189:silverware
3014:Ashkenazim
2959:E. Sukenik
2757:Maximalism
2709:Secularism
2689:Autonomism
2506:Literature
2299:Humanistic
1903:Azerbaijan
1865:Uzbekistan
1840:Tajikistan
1760:Kyrgyzstan
1745:Kazakhstan
1592:Mozambique
1567:Madagascar
1487:Cape Verde
1439:New Yishuv
1434:Old Yishuv
1385:Population
1363:Subbotniks
1321:Samaritans
1260:Romanyotim
1203:Ashkenazim
1145:Old Yishuv
1125:Sabbateans
1112:Modern era
1104:Golden Age
1036:Bar Kokhba
756:Beit Yosef
623:Philosophy
464:synagogues
438:after the
334:Their name
301:after the
279:Romanyotim
256:Ῥωμανιῶτες
248:Romaniotes
53:Ρωμανιώτες
47:Romaniotes
18:Romaniotes
8960:Georgians
8955:Filipinos
8945:Bavarians
8930:Assyrians
8821:Italians
8812:Armenians
8804:Souliotes
8783:Arvanites
8777:Albanians
8480:Zakynthos
8267:indicate
8215:Mormonism
8200:Christian
8080:Symbolism
8068:Synagogue
8048:Mythology
8009:Education
7980:Astronomy
7963:Astrology
7780:relations
7585:Zarphatic
7533:Galitzish
7335:Yeshivish
7212:Catalanic
7175:Samaritan
7150:Ashkenazi
7131:Diasporic
7126:Languages
7071:Sephardim
7066:Romaniote
6953:Krymchaks
6887:Desi Jews
6763:Buddhists
6571:, 9, 2002
6069:"HISTORY"
4878:Cambridge
4636:Minos EMI
4585:rembetiko
4539:Zakynthos
4527:physician
4326:Neolithic
4268:Manhattan
4256:synagogue
4244:Jerusalem
4232:Jerusalem
4204:Demetrias
4172:Holocaust
4136:synagogue
4004:Zakynthos
3848:(Σαλώμ).
3807:Aristotle
3492:midrashic
3445:Sephardic
3441:Ashkenazi
3393:Torah Ark
3347:Murad III
3242:Crusaders
3227:Mehmed II
3202:rule was
3108:Ashkenazi
3065:Krymchaks
3057:Calabrian
3042:Jerusalem
3018:Sephardim
3007:Synagogue
2996:Samaritan
2988:Samaritan
2957:in 1904,
2953:in 1901,
2893:Greek Jew
2845:Romaniote
2843:The name
2767:Religious
2623:Zarphatic
2613:Bukharian
2583:Judeo-Tat
2568:Yeshivish
2542:Languages
2497:Sephardic
2487:Israelite
2477:Ethiopian
2467:Ashkenazi
2406:Religious
2196:Australia
2178:Venezuela
2084:Argentina
2066:Greenland
1978:Lithuania
1830:Sri Lanka
1825:Singapore
1750:Kurdistan
1715:Indonesia
1705:Hong Kong
1658:Abayudaya
1582:Mauritius
1316:Igbo Jews
1306:Krymchaks
1225:Sephardim
1093:relations
987:Sadducees
983:Pharisees
973:Sanhedrin
888:Jerusalem
648:Synagogue
516:Etymology
436:Holocaust
405:Zakynthos
295:Sephardim
273:romanized
268:רומניוטים
184:Languages
8990:Russians
8985:Persians
8840:Maltese
8756:Cypriots
8734:Hellenic
8465:Kastoria
8460:Ioannina
8280:Category
8250:Hinduism
8240:Buddhism
8142:Genetics
8058:Politics
8031:Marriage
7990:Holidays
7985:Calendar
7866:Rabbinic
7842:/Hebrew
7787:Haymanot
7714:Orthodox
7701:Branches
7674:Kabbalah
7669:Haskalah
7647:Holiness
7523:dialects
7503:Shassagh
7466:Krymchak
7446:Kayliñña
7340:Yinglish
7316:Galilean
7306:Talmudic
7301:Biblical
7276:Betanure
7195:Biblical
7190:Mishnaic
7185:Medieval
7170:Tiberian
7165:Yemenite
7155:Sephardi
7091:Paradesi
7035:Ḥabbanim
7025:Teimanim
6990:Baghdadi
6963:Maghrebi
6931:Karaites
6909:Gruzínim
6897:Kochinim
6815:Diaspora
6773:Karaites
6758:Atheists
6695:Timeline
5859:Archived
5839:Archived
5463:, 2016-.
5370:haftarot
5068:(2011).
4919:Hesperia
4787:Ioannina
4737:See also
4718:Ioannina
4632:Ioannina
4358:Chalkida
4278:Genetics
4228:Nachlaot
4224:Tel Aviv
4196:Thessaly
4192:Magnesia
4188:Corfiots
4121:Ioannina
4104:Ioannina
4021:Ioannina
3953:Bulgaria
3929:Ioannina
3803:mystical
3738:haftarot
3716:shadayot
3663:piyyutim
3616:New York
3546:Haftarah
3498:and the
3484:Kastoria
3449:Mizrachi
3409:Berachot
3405:Parochet
3397:Ioannina
3321:Colonel
3277:Anatolia
3239:Catholic
3115:Ashkenaz
3104:Piyyutim
3061:Sicilian
3059:and the
3030:Ioannina
3000:diaspora
2968:tesserae
2951:Thiersch
2863:Rhomaioi
2853:Rhomania
2794:Category
2752:Kahanism
2699:Feminism
2671:Politics
2555:Biblical
2525:American
2472:Bukharan
2462:American
2362:Shidduch
2338:Clothing
2294:Haymanot
2240:Orthodox
2168:Suriname
2151:Paraguay
2104:Colombia
2003:Portugal
1913:Bulgaria
1850:Thailand
1800:Pakistan
1780:Mongolia
1775:Malaysia
1695:Cambodia
1669:Zimbabwe
1644:Tanzania
1522:Eswatini
1512:Ethiopia
1502:Djibouti
1482:Cameroon
1477:Botswana
1406:Diaspora
1368:Noahides
1341:Marranos
1265:Cochinim
1250:Bukharim
1240:Gruzinim
1230:Teimanim
1220:Mizrahim
1208:Galician
1174:conflict
1130:Hasidism
1120:Haskalah
1030:Diaspora
901:timeline
813:Timeline
726:Rabbinic
633:Kabbalah
608:Marriage
584:Tzedakah
574:Holidays
532:Religion
495:a series
493:Part of
365:Ioannina
341:Rhomanía
307:Portugal
282:) are a
208:Religion
69:: Rabbi
9051:Nusachs
8965:Indians
8950:Chinese
8940:British
8920:African
8595:Museums
8493:Culture
8396:General
8387:History
8344:Judaism
8265:Italics
8090:Studies
8036:Divorce
8002:Kashrut
7997:Cuisine
7955:Culture
7886:Midrash
7881:Tosefta
7871:Mishnah
7859:Ketuvim
7854:Nevi'im
7817:Schisms
7807:Science
7797:Karaite
7768:Renewal
7729:Litvaks
7724:Hasidic
7679:Sefirot
7664:Halakha
7635:Messiah
7608:Mitzvah
7603:Beliefs
7557:Western
7543:Poylish
7538:Litvish
7528:Eastern
7518:Yiddish
7513:Shuadit
7498:Qwareña
7486:Tetuani
7481:Haketia
7456:Knaanic
7451:Kivruli
7399:Bukhori
7345:Heblish
7281:Hulaulá
7271:Barzani
7227:Yahudic
7160:Mizrahi
7020:Urfalim
6975:Mizrahi
6919:Neofiti
6914:Italkim
6843:Lita'im
6735:Zionism
6687:History
6661:Judaism
6041:June 9,
5929:Haaretz
5909:Haaretz
5806:, 2014.
5476:, 1953.
5419:, 1906.
5351:, 1897.
5334:, 1859.
5230:, 1999.
5181:, 2014.
4655:Israeli
4442:of the
4367:to the
4238:in the
4200:Almyros
4184:Larissa
4144:Ottoman
4091:Chalkis
4077:Metroon
4025:Chalkis
3939:During
3902:Soferim
3862:Shavuot
3624:Lillith
3589:Ketubah
3585:wreaths
3538:Sedarim
3520:Yevanic
3478:today.
3413:Shiviti
3337:in the
3327:Chalkis
3304:Ottoman
3273:Balkans
3261:Muslims
3200:Ottoman
3185:weaving
3169:Chalkis
3161:Corinth
3092:Achrida
3069:Balkans
3053:Apulian
3036:of the
2912:Boeotia
2873:History
2858:Ῥωμανία
2737:General
2728:Zionism
2704:Leftism
2694:Bundism
2618:Knaanic
2578:Yevanic
2563:Yiddish
2520:Yiddish
2515:Israeli
2492:Mizrahi
2482:Israeli
2453:Cuisine
2429:Ancient
2411:Secular
2357:Kashrut
2333:Wedding
2320:Customs
2312:Culture
2289:Science
2284:Renewal
2274:Karaite
2255:Hasidic
2187:Oceania
2173:Uruguay
2141:Jamaica
2121:Ecuador
2089:Bolivia
2033:Ukraine
2008:Romania
1983:Moldova
1963:Hungary
1953:Germany
1948:Georgia
1938:Finland
1933:Estonia
1928:Denmark
1923:Czechia
1908:Belarus
1898:Austria
1893:Armenia
1870:Vietnam
1785:Myanmar
1770:Lebanon
1690:Bahrain
1649:Tunisia
1627:Somalia
1602:Nigeria
1597:Namibia
1587:Morocco
1517:Eritrea
1462:Algeria
1346:Neofiti
1255:Italkim
1245:Juhurim
1150:Zionism
999:Sicarii
995:Zealots
991:Essenes
978:Schisms
843:Leaders
805:General
797:History
740:Tosefta
735:Midrash
712:Mishnah
694:Ketuvim
689:Nevi'im
638:Customs
569:Shabbat
564:Halakha
556: (
554:Mitzvot
541: (
507:Judaism
468:Chalkis
442:during
389:Corinth
381:Chalcis
373:Preveza
346:Ῥωμανία
338:endonym
326:Turkish
322:Aramaic
314:Yevanic
275::
246:or the
214:Judaism
194:Yevanic
119:45,000
99:1,500+
8913:Recent
8882:Turks
8858:Pomaks
8761:Pontic
8741:Greeks
8727:Greece
8470:Rhodes
8448:Cyprus
8443:Athens
8350:Greece
8073:Hazzan
8063:Prayer
7940:Siddur
7876:Talmud
7840:Tanakh
7775:Neolog
7748:Reform
7736:Modern
7719:Haredi
7642:Ethics
7508:Shassi
7476:Ladino
7441:Karaim
7424:Juhuri
7266:Targum
7180:Signed
7145:Modern
7140:Hebrew
7108:Xuetes
6904:Dönmeh
6863:Yekkes
6505:
6490:
6475:
6457:
6429:
6370:
6146:
6073:kis.gr
5825:online
5821:online
5600:online
5568:
5547:
5289:
5151:, 2016
5084:
5035:
5008:
4888:
4833:
4672:Dostis
4524:Jewish
4320:, and
4302:E1b1b1
4218:Israel
4186:) and
4140:Kastro
4062:Athens
4056:Athens
4051:Greece
4033:Athens
4029:Athens
3992:Israel
3985:Ladino
3966:Tanaḯs
3866:Savóth
3842:Shalom
3790:Kilkis
3742:siddur
3733:siddur
3573:Mahzor
3565:siddur
3527:Targum
3504:Tanakh
3429:Minhag
3421:Nusach
3373:pogrom
3343:Sultan
3308:Ladino
3224:Sultan
3212:Prousa
3208:Hebrew
3175:, and
3165:Thebes
3157:Patras
3130:Epirus
3111:Mahzor
3055:, the
2939:Aegina
2927:Aegina
2908:Athens
2904:Oropos
2799:Portal
2658:Domari
2588:Shassi
2549:Hebrew
2444:Humour
2388:Hiloni
2383:Aliyah
2343:Niddah
2328:Minyan
2263:Reform
2250:Haredi
2245:Modern
2146:Mexico
2131:Guyana
2094:Brazil
2056:Canada
2028:Sweden
2018:Serbia
2013:Russia
1998:Poland
1993:Norway
1973:Latvia
1958:Greece
1943:France
1918:Cyprus
1884:Europe
1855:Turkey
1845:Taiwan
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