184:
1047:. As more of the peripheral territories of the Byzantine Empire were lost in the following centuries, such as Sicily, southern Italy and Asia Minor, their Greek-speakers made their own way back to Greece. The re-Hellenization of Greece by population transfers and cultural activities of the Church was successful, which suggests that Slavs found themselves in the midst of many Greeks. It is doubtful that such large number could have been transplanted into Greece in the 9th century; surely many Greeks had remained in Greece and continued to speak Greek throughout the period of Slavic occupation. The success of re-Hellenization also suggests the number of Slavs in Greece was far smaller than those found in the former Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. For example, Bulgaria could not be re-Hellenized when Byzantine administration was established over the Bulgars in 1018 to last for well over a century, until 1186.
372:
612:
388:
380:
488:), the first Slavic chieftain recorded by name, was sent an Avar embassy requesting his Slavs to accept Avar suzerainty and pay tribute, because the Avars knew that the Slavs had amassed great wealth after repeatedly plundering the Balkans. Daurentius reportedly retorted that "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs so it shall always be for us", and had the envoys slain. The Avar khagan
936:, a prominent linguist and Indo-Europeanist, complements late medieval historical accounts by listing 429 Slavic toponyms from the Peloponnese alone. The extent that the presence of the toponyms reflects compact Slavic settlement is a matter of some debate and might represent an accumulative strata of toponyms, rather than being attributed to the earliest settlement phase.
704:. In 681, the Byzantines were compelled to sign a humiliating peace treaty, forcing them to acknowledge Bulgaria as an independent state, to cede the territories to the north of the Balkan Mountains and to pay an annual tribute. The relations between the Bulgars and the local Slavs is a matter of debate depending on the interpretation of the Byzantine sources.
303:) was used for Slav tribes in Byzantine Macedonia and the Peloponnese; these Slavic territories were initially outside of Byzantine control. By 800, however, the term also referred specifically to Slavic mobile military colonists who settled as allies within the territories of the Byzantine Empire. Slavic military settlements appeared in the
31:
24:
940:
Greek population since some Greek villages continued to exist in the interior, probably governed themselves and possibly paid tribute to the Slavs. Some villages were probably mixed, and quite possibly, some degree of
Hellenization of the Slavs by the Greeks of the Peloponnese had already begun during this period, before re-
492:
then campaigned (in 578) against
Daurentius' people, with aid from the Byzantines, and set fire to many of their settlements, although this did not stop the Slavic raids deep into the Byzantine Empire. In 578, a large army of Sclaveni devastated Thrace and other areas. In the 580s, the Romans bribed
939:
Relations between the Slavs and the Greeks were probably peaceful apart from the (supposed) initial settlement and intermittent uprisings. Being agriculturalists, the Slavs probably traded with the Greeks inside towns. Furthermore, the Slavs surely did not occupy the whole interior or eliminate the
708:
asserts that they concluded a treaty, but most historians agree that they were subjugated. The
Bulgars were superior organisationally and militarily and came to dominate politically the new state, but there was cooperation between them and the Slavs for the protection of the country. The Slavs were
1010:
was created. According to the
Chronicle of Monemvasia the Byzantine governor of Corinth went in 805 to war with the Slavs, obliterated them and allowed the original inhabitants to claim their own. The city of Patras was recovered and the region resettled with Greeks. In the 9th century, new themes
152:
forests, lakes and marshes as they were hard to attack, with exits in many directions for escape. They farmed many crops, especially millet, but also had livestock of many sorts. Maurice praises their toleration of discomfort when necessary, and the loyalty of married women to their husbands. The
1042:
Apart from military expeditions against Slavs, the re-Hellenization process begun under
Nicephorus I involved (often forcible) transfer of peoples. Many Slavs were moved to other parts of the empire, such as Anatolia, and made to serve in the military. In return, many Greeks from Sicily and Asia
880:
by a coalition of
Rynchinoi, Sagoudatai, Drougoubitai and Stroumanoi attacked. This time, the Belegezites, also known as the Velegeziti, did not participate and in fact supplied the besieged citizens of Thessaloniki with grain. It seems that the Slavs settled on places of earlier settlements and
168:
The Antes and
Sclaveni were skilled warriors, especially in guerrilla warfare, taking advantage of terrain. They preferred to fight in dense woodland instead of pitch battle, although field battles and sieges were also recorded. Their weapons were javelins, spears, bows nocked with poison tipped
151:
Maurice writes that the Slavs were very hospitable people. Tribes that mistreated guests were attacked for their dishonour. Prisoners were not kept forever and after a certain period of time, captives were allowed to be let loose or to join the community. Settlements were built in hard to reach
451:. The two tribes were at peace by 545. The Antes are last mentioned as anti-Byzantine belligerents in 545, and the Sclaveni continued to raid the Balkans. Between 545 and 549, the Sclaveni raided deep into Roman territory. In the summer of 550, the Sclaveni came close to
525:, leaving only the east part of Peloponnese, which was mountainous and inaccessible. In 586 AD, as many as 100,000 Slav warriors raided Thessaloniki. The final attempt to restore the Romans' northern border occurred between 591 and 605, when the end of conflicts with
922:, speaks of Slavs overrunning the western Peloponnese but of the eastern Peloponnese, together with Athens, remaining in Byzantine hands throughout the period. However, such sources are far from ideal, and their reliability is debated. For example, the Byzantinist
446:
noted that the two "became hostile to one another and engaged in battle" until a
Sclavene victory resulted. The conflict was likely aided or initiated by the Byzantines. The Romans also recruited mounted mercenaries from both tribes to fight against the
501:
noted in 581: "the accursed people of the Slavs set out and plundered all of Greece, the regions surrounding
Thessalonica, and Thrace, taking many towns and castles, laying waste, burning, pillaging, and seizing the whole country." According to
183:
147:
The
Sclaveni had similar if not identical customs and culture to the Antes. They were carefully described by chroniclers such as Procopius and Maurice, whose works contribute greatly to our understanding of these two Early Slavic peoples.
1054:, which would serve as the northern border of the Byzantine Empire until 1018, although independent Slavic villages remained. As the Slavs supposedly occupied the entire Balkan interior, Constantinople was effectively cut off from the
506:, John exaggerated the intensity of the Slavic incursions since he was influenced by his confinement in Constantinople from 571 up until 579, moreover, he perceived the Slavs as God's instrument for punishing the persecutors of the
1027:. From those themes, Byzantine laws and culture flowed into the interior. By the late 9th century, most of Greece was culturally and administratively Greek again except for a few small Slavic tribes in the mountains such as the
496:
By the 580s, as the Slav communities on the Danube became larger and more organised, and as the Avars exerted their influence, "barbarian" raids into the Byzantine Empire became larger and resulted in permanent settlement.
2388:
A Rough and Rocky Place: The Landscape and Settlement History of the Methana Peninsula, Greece: Results of the Methana Survey Project, sponsored by the British School at Athens and the University of Liverpool
1043:
Minor were brought to the interior of Greece to increase the number of defenders at the Emperor's disposal and to dilute the concentration of Slavs. Even non-Greeks were transferred to the Balkans, such as
415:
was recorded by Procopius (writing in the mid-6th century CE), who mentions an attack of the Antes, "who dwell close to the Sclaveni", probably in 518. In the 530s, Emperor Justinian seems to have used
973:. Subduing the Slavs in the themes was simply a matter of accommodating the needs of the Slavic elites and providing them with incentives for their inclusion into the imperial administration.
990:). However, it is not known whether any territory was restored to imperial authority as result of the campaign although it is likely that some was. Sometime between 790 and 802, the
529:
allowed Emperor Maurice to transfer units to the north. However he was deposed after a military revolt in 602, and the Danubian frontier collapsed one and a half decades later (see
680:
was the first state that the empire recognised in the Balkans and the first time it legally surrendered claims to part of its Balkan dominions. In 680 the Byzantine Emperor
721:
were resettled in the eastern Balkan Mountains to guard the passes to the Byzantine Empire. The number of Asparuh's Bulgars is difficult to estimate. Vasil Zlatarski and
438:. Sometime between 533–34 and 545 (probably before the 539–40 Hun or Bulgar-Hun invasion of the Byzantine Empire), there was a conflict between the Antes and Sclaveni in
158:
noted that the Antes and Sclaveni were independent, refusing to be governed or enslaved. They lived under democracy, with all matters being referred to the people.
876:. The siege was broken, which had repercussions for the power and the prestige of the Avar khanate. Slavic pressure on Thessaloniki ebbed after 617/618, until the
709:
allowed to retain their chiefs, to abide to their customs and in return they were to pay tribute in kind and to provide foot soldiers for the army. The
657:, a powerful tribe near Thessaloniki, planned a siege on Thessaloniki but was imprisoned and eventually executed after escaping prison; the Rhynchinoi,
335:
930:
to be a reliable account, but other scholars point out that it greatly overstates the impact of the Slavic and Avar raids of Greece during this time.
475:
arrived on the Black Sea steppe, and defeated the Antes between the Dnieper and Dniester. The Avars subsequently allied themselves with the Sclaveni.
204:
961:. As the Byzantine Empire recovered, the system was imposed on all areas that came under Byzantine control. The first Balkan theme was created in
191:
The Byzantines broadly grouped the numerous Slav tribes living in proximity with the Eastern Roman Empire into two groups: the Sklavenoi and the
2064:
Bintliff, J.L. (2003). "The ethnoarchaeology of a 'passive' ethnicity: The Arvanites of Central Greece.". In Brown, K.S.; Hamilakis, Y. (eds.).
1062:
because of its ability to maintain contact by sea, but it too was troubled by Slavic pirates. Additionally, Constantinople was cut off from
2726:
1011:
continued to arise although many were small and were carved out of original larger themes. New themes in the 9th century included those of
692:, led an expedition at the head of a huge army and fleet to drive off the Bulgars but suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of Asparuh
800:
482:
331:
947:
When the Byzantines were not fighting in their eastern territories, they slowly regained imperial control. That was achieved through its
980:
campaigned from Thessaloniki, south to Thessaly and into the Peloponnese. He captured many Slavs and transferred them elsewhere, mostly
23:
885:. The process was stimulated by the conversion of the Slavic tribes to orthodox Christianity on the Balkans during the same period.
696:, a swampy region in or around the Danube Delta where the Bulgars had set a fortified camp. The Bulgars advanced south, crossed the
2866:
361:
766:) prompted a relocation of Slavs under Bulgar aggression; again in 783. Bulgaria had by 773 cut off the communication route, the
2489:
2459:
2342:
2304:
2254:
2233:
2132:
689:
2279:
555:
In 602, the Avars attacked the Antes; this is the last mention of Antes in historical sources. In 615, during the reign of
38:
877:
670:
133:. The term was widely used as a general catch-all term until the emergence of separate tribal names by the 10th century.
2212:
970:
468:
99:
2612:
2587:
2554:
2517:
2438:
2396:
2366:
2188:
2169:
2106:
2082:
2856:
2719:
460:
782:
learnt of their planned raid. In 783, a large Slavic uprising took place in the Byzantine Empire, stretching from
2690:
2202:
1079:
634:
2861:
2704:
873:
583:
530:
371:
2246:
Byzantium, new peoples, new powers: the Byzantino-Slav contact zone, from the ninth to the fifteenth century
2876:
2667:
2871:
2712:
1066:, which contributed to the growing cultural and political separation between the two centres of European
976:
It was not until 100 years later that a third theme would be established. In 782–784, the eunuch general
861:
832:
575:
423:
Sclaveni are mentioned in the context of the military policy on the Danube frontier of Byzantine Emperor
1087:, medieval Arabic term used for Slavs and other Europeeans, derived from slavos/sklavenos
916:
wrote in the 10th century that "the entire country was Slavonized". Another source for the period, the
2760:
951:, which refers to an administrative province on which an army corps was centred under the control of a
2509:
2155:
722:
464:
434:). In 537, Justinian shipped 1,600 cavalry, made up of mostly Sclaveni and Antes, to Italy to rescue
130:
574:
led the Slavic attack on Thessaloniki that year. The Slavs asked the Avars for aid, resulting in an
2424:
1007:
596:
2800:
918:
739:
in Asia Minor, in an attempt to boost military strength. Most of them however, with their leader
2795:
957:("general"). The theme system first appeared in the early 7th century, during the reign of the
810:, inhabited by Slavs in the interior, at this time, had firm relations with Byzantium. In 799,
744:
677:
550:
344:
154:
2547:
The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs
2290:
2204:
East Rome, Sasanian Persia and the End of Antiquity: Historiographical and Historical Studies
2198:
1055:
646:
404:
830:) mention Slavs raiding areas of Greece in the 580s. According to later sources such as the
2820:
1012:
8:
2805:
2785:
2573:
1016:
977:
796:
710:
542:
2161:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
888:
A number of medieval sources attest to the presence of Slavs in Greece. En route to the
864:
of the Avars and Slavs two years later also failed to take the city. In 626, a combined
2830:
2735:
2121:
2098:
The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700
1051:
999:
991:
783:
775:
339:
326:
gives the most detail about the Sclaveni and Antes. The Sclaveni are also mentioned by
1050:
Eventually, the Byzantines recovered the imperial border north all the way to today's
118:); however, they were described as kin. Eventually, most South Slavic tribes accepted
2851:
2815:
2608:
2583:
2550:
2513:
2485:
2455:
2434:
2392:
2362:
2338:
2300:
2275:
2250:
2229:
2208:
2184:
2165:
2128:
2102:
2078:
1059:
1024:
958:
611:
387:
87:
1374:
In the 580s, the Romans bribed the Antes to attack the settlements of the Sclavenes.
2739:
2652:
2499:
986:
697:
642:
408:
178:
119:
95:
2770:
2598:
2577:
2503:
2479:
2449:
2428:
2386:
2356:
2332:
2244:
2223:
2159:
2096:
2054:
1020:
913:
865:
860:
in 614–616. However, that particular event was actually of local significance. A
827:
815:
726:
705:
693:
628:
498:
396:
162:
881:
probably merged later with the local populations of Greek descent to form mixed
2825:
2790:
1036:
966:
962:
923:
725:
suggest that they were not particularly numerous, numbering some 10,000, while
714:
681:
472:
439:
400:
192:
103:
75:
57:
2734:
2385:
Mee, Christopher; Patrick, Michael Atherton; Forbes, Hamish Alexander (1997).
2315:
1058:
under its (nominal) control. Thus, Dalmatia came to have closer ties with the
908:
is interpreted as an indication of a Slavic presence in the hinterland of the
30:
2845:
2537:
2265:
941:
779:
756:
616:
605:
110:), another Slavic group. The Sclaveni were differentiated from the Antes and
2531:. Translated by Moles, Ian. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 6.
2269:
375:
The migration of early Slavs in Europe between the 5th and 10th centuries AD
2352:
2116:
2092:
1003:
948:
857:
837:
732:
666:
601:
507:
503:
456:
420:
policies, and the Sclaveni and Antes are mentioned as fighting each other.
379:
2657:
2644:
590:
in order to transport the 3,000 troops of the allied Sassanids across the
1067:
909:
845:
787:
658:
514:
424:
357:
304:
142:
91:
79:
995:
933:
901:
897:
849:
654:
478:
448:
435:
308:
161:
The religion of the Sclaveni, like other Slavic tribes and peoples was
126:
115:
107:
608:
could have been part of a second Slavic wave during Heraclius' reign.
455:, and were seen as a great threat, however, their intent of capturing
2755:
2750:
2296:
1044:
953:
893:
889:
841:
792:
718:
662:
650:
591:
579:
556:
546:
443:
323:
287:
243:
229:
215:
196:
63:
729:
considers that the tribe must have been of considerable dimensions.
594:
which the latter had promised the khagan of the Avars. Based on the
187:
Illustration of Sclaveni between the Danube and the Balkan Mountains
2810:
1084:
1032:
1028:
981:
811:
807:
740:
587:
327:
200:
2668:"Sclaveni and Antes. Some Notes on the Peculiarities Between Them"
814:, a Slavic archon, participated in the conspiracy against Empress
391:
Approximate location of South Slavic tribes, per V. V. Sedov, 1995
2765:
1563:
1561:
1559:
869:
853:
771:
624:
620:
571:
489:
452:
123:
83:
641:
in 657–658, "capturing many and subduing", and settled captured
2775:
767:
736:
701:
526:
522:
518:
412:
2144:
Sandy Pylos: An Archaeological History from Nestor to Navarino
1556:
1532:
2579:
Forging unity: The South Slavs between East and West 550-1150
1443:
1313:
1039:
times, such tribes were the exception, rather than the rule.
312:
294:
236:
222:
208:
111:
2691:"Byzantine Sources for History of the Peoples of Yugoslavia"
2529:
Origins of the Greek Nation: The Byzantine Period, 1204–1461
1830:
1431:
1240:
1238:
1236:
713:
were relocated to the west to protect the frontier with the
411:
was identified as Antes. The first Slavic raid south of the
169:
arrows and sturdy wooden shields, but body armour was rare.
2780:
2274:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 524–544.
1337:
1063:
463:. After this, for a year, the Sclaveni spent their time in
1789:
1520:
969:" (or "Helladikoi"), was established, probably in eastern
586:. During the same year of the siege, the Slavs used their
2391:. Liverpool, United Kingdom: Liverpool University Press.
2271:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, c.500–c.700
1854:
1392:
1301:
1233:
1035:. Although they would remain relatively autonomous until
1621:
1573:
1421:
1419:
102:
having appeared at the Byzantine borders along with the
1762:
1714:
1669:
1645:
1325:
1117:
1115:
90:
and eventually became one of the progenitors of modern
1633:
1585:
1544:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1382:
1380:
1279:
1277:
1262:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1944:
1942:
1929:
1927:
1914:
1912:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1878:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1779:
1777:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1416:
1404:
1156:
1154:
1102:
1100:
2068:. Lanham-Boulder: Lexington Books. pp. 129–144.
1750:
1726:
1112:
467:"as if in their own land". The Sclaveni then raided
2624:
Istoriâ na b"lgarskata d"ržava prez srednite vekove
1681:
1657:
1377:
1361:
1349:
1289:
1274:
1250:
1214:
1139:
1127:
755:Military campaigns in northern Greece in 758 under
582:, Avars and Slavs joined forces and unsuccessfully
2120:
2059:. Vol. 61–62. Academia. 2003. pp. 78–79.
2026:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1954:
1939:
1924:
1909:
1890:
1866:
1842:
1818:
1801:
1774:
1738:
1693:
1609:
1597:
1503:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1151:
1097:
735:(r. 685–695) settled as many as 30,000 Slavs from
2628:History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages
2540:. Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften.
2361:. Crestwood, N.Y.: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press.
2358:Greek East and Latin West: The Church AD 681–1071
2249:. Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica".
2147:. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 215.
1002:). A serious and successful recovery began under
2843:
2384:
2123:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
2072:
1836:
1567:
1538:
2605:South Slavs under the Byzantine Rule (600–1025)
2197:
2075:History of Medieval Bulgaria 7th-14th Centuries
1449:
770:valley, between Serbia and the Byzantines. The
619:, c. 650, showing the early territories of the
129:, and came under their cultural influences and
82:tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the
2600:Јужни Словени под византијском влашћу 600-1025
2334:Byzantium: The Imperial Centuries, AD 610-1071
2316:"The Slavs in the 6th Century North Illyricum"
2243:Kaimakamova, Miliana; Salamon, Maciej (2007).
821:
790:, which was subsequently quelled by Byzantine
2720:
2264:Kobyliński, Zbigniew (2005). "The Slavs". In
2225:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism
600:, it is also theorized that the migration of
407:as Sclaveni archaeological cultures, and the
2526:
2505:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1860:
965:in 680 AD. By 695, a second theme, that of "
2607:]. Belgrade: Историјски институт САНУ.
2568:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2164:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2141:
1795:
318:
275:
267:
259:
251:
49:
2727:
2713:
2697:. Vizantološki institut SANU: 19–51. 1955.
2263:
2183:. Hartford, CT: Harvard University Press.
1398:
1319:
1307:
513:By 586, Slavs managed to raid the western
493:the Antes to attack Sclaveni settlements.
29:
2656:
2621:
2549:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2498:
2477:
2405:
2142:Davis, Jack L.; Alcock, Susan E. (1998).
2127:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2101:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1651:
1627:
1579:
1437:
1121:
944:was completed by the Byzantine emperors.
912:. In reference to the plague of 744–747,
471:and returned home with booty. In 558 the
2665:
2649:Zbornik Matice Srpske Za Drustvene Nauke
2596:
2414:
2221:
2063:
2053:
1884:
1768:
1720:
1675:
1639:
1244:
1133:
669:made common cause, rose up and laid the
610:
386:
383:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe
378:
370:
362:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe
182:
2563:
2468:
2417:A History of the First Bulgarian Empire
2375:
2330:
1550:
1526:
1485:
1473:
1410:
1106:
399:(born 1953) identified the 6th-century
2844:
2544:
2535:
2181:The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History
1848:
1663:
195:. The Sclaveni were called as such by
41:Personification of "Sclavinia", 990 AD
2708:
2642:
2351:
2331:Jenkins, Romilly James Heald (1987).
2288:
2115:
2091:
1918:
1756:
1732:
1497:
1461:
1386:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1295:
1283:
1268:
1256:
1227:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1145:
826:Byzantine literary accounts (such as
566:), the whole Balkans was regarded as
459:and the surroundings was thwarted by
2178:
2154:
2066:The Usable Past. Greek Metahistories
2037:
2020:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1948:
1933:
1903:
1872:
1824:
1812:
1783:
1744:
1708:
1687:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1514:
1425:
904:". This particular passage from the
570:– inhabited or controlled by Slavs.
2527:Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1970).
2320:Гласник Српског археолошког друштва
2073:Bozhilov, I.; Gyuzelev, V. (1999).
645:; in 664–65, 5,000 of these joined
13:
2636:
2469:Stratos, Andreas Nikolaou (1975).
2448:Stratos, Andreas Nikolaou (1968).
14:
2888:
2683:
2566:The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025
2454:. Vol. 2. Adolf M. Hakkert.
2433:. Vol. 1. Adolf M. Hakkert.
2481:Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081
2473:. Vol. 3. Adolf M. Hakkert.
2471:Byzantium in the Seventh Century
2451:Byzantium in the Seventh Century
2430:Byzantium in the Seventh Century
71:
22:
2867:Medieval history of the Balkans
2337:. University of Toronto Press.
2077:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Anubis.
878:Siege of Thessalonica (676–678)
761:
743:, deserted to the Arabs at the
561:
429:
94:. They were mentioned by early
2292:Europe's Barbarians AD 200-600
1837:Mee, Patrick & Forbes 1997
1080:List of medieval Slavic tribes
750:
536:
366:
172:
1:
2651:(in Serbian) (149): 941–947.
2645:"Were the Sclavinias states?"
2484:. Stanford University Press.
1091:
2622:Zlatarski, Vasil N. (1970).
2538:"Die Slaven in Griechenland"
2222:Hupchick, Dennis P. (2004).
1568:Bozhilov & Gyuzelev 1999
1539:Bozhilov & Gyuzelev 1999
883:Byzantine-Slavic communities
288:
244:
230:
216:
64:
7:
2666:Kardaras, Georgios (2018).
2582:. Belgrade: Čigoja štampa.
2207:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
1073:
833:Miracles of Saint Demetrius
822:Relationship with Byzantium
10:
2893:
2478:Treadgold, Warren (1998).
2046:
688:668–685), having recently
540:
531:Maurice's Balkan campaigns
355:
351:
295:
285:). The derived Greek term
237:
223:
209:
176:
140:
136:
2746:
2510:Stanford University Press
2425:Stratos, Andreas Nikolaou
2415:Runciman, Steven (1930).
984:(these Slavs were dubbed
723:John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.
673:for two years (676–678).
131:Chalcedonian Christianity
2630:]. Nauka i izkustvo.
2597:Živković, Tibor (2002).
2508:. Stanford, California:
2314:Janković, Đorđe (2004).
2179:Fine, John V.A. (1983).
1008:theme of the Peloponnese
1000:modern geographic entity
994:was created, centred on
597:De Administrando Imperio
319:Byzantine historiography
2857:Greek words and phrases
2738:established around the
1796:Davis & Alcock 1998
1006:(802–811). In 805, the
928:Chronicle of Monemvasia
919:Chronicle of Monemvasia
874:besieged Constantinople
653:, the chieftain of the
584:besieged Constantinople
2564:Whittow, Mark (1996).
2545:Vlasto, A. P. (1970).
2378:Strategikon of Maurice
2289:James, Edward (2014).
2228:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2199:Howard-Johnston, J. D.
1346:, pp. 91–92, 315.
745:Battle of Sebastopolis
678:First Bulgarian Empire
631:
551:First Bulgarian Empire
392:
384:
376:
300:
276:
268:
260:
252:
188:
50:
2658:10.2298/ZMSDN1449941D
2643:Đekić, Đorđe (2014).
2419:. G. Bell & Sons.
1056:Dalmatian city-states
896:"reached the city of
671:Siege to Thessaloniki
647:Abdulreman ibn Khalid
614:
405:Sukow-Dziedzice group
390:
382:
374:
186:
2862:South Slavic history
2796:Kingdom of the Aurès
2756:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
2536:Vasmer, Max (1941).
2156:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
1450:Howard-Johnston 2006
348:(late 6th c.), etc.
2877:South Slavic tribes
2806:Ostrogothic kingdom
1529:, pp. 270–271.
1440:, pp. 297–299.
1052:region of Macedonia
711:Seven Slavic tribes
643:Slavs in Asia Minor
543:Seven Slavic tribes
199:, and as Sclavi by
16:Early Slavic tribes
2872:Barbarian kingdoms
2831:Visigothic kingdom
2791:Kingdom of Odoacer
2761:Burgundian kingdom
2751:Alamannian kingdom
2736:Barbarian kingdoms
2406:Procopius (550s).
1594:, pp. 67, 69.
1334:, pp. 47, 91.
1322:, p. 537–539.
992:theme of Macedonia
690:defeated the Arabs
632:
576:unsuccessful siege
418:divide and conquer
393:
385:
377:
342:(mid-6th c.), the
340:Menander Protector
189:
2839:
2838:
2816:Sub-Roman Britain
2786:Kingdom of Altava
2672:Slavia Orientalis
2500:Treadgold, Warren
2491:978-0-8047-3163-8
2461:978-0-902565-78-4
2344:978-0-8020-6667-1
2306:978-1-317-86825-5
2256:978-83-88737-83-1
2235:978-1-4039-6417-5
2134:978-0-521-81539-0
1980:, pp. 79–83.
1861:Vacalopoulos 1970
1500:, pp. 96–97.
1271:, pp. 84–85.
1247:, pp. 78–79.
1060:Italian Peninsula
959:Emperor Heraclius
900:, in the land of
88:Early Middle Ages
2884:
2766:Frankish kingdom
2740:Migration Period
2729:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2679:
2662:
2660:
2631:
2618:
2593:
2569:
2560:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2495:
2474:
2465:
2444:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2381:
2376:Maurice (500s).
2372:
2348:
2327:
2310:
2285:
2281:978-1-13905393-8
2260:
2239:
2218:
2194:
2175:
2149:
2138:
2126:
2112:
2088:
2069:
2060:
2056:Byzantinoslavica
2041:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1907:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1464:, p. 64–66.
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1428:, p. 41–44.
1423:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1231:
1225:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1104:
805:
802:
778:, after Emperor
765:
763:
698:Balkan Mountains
687:
565:
563:
487:
484:
433:
431:
409:Penkovka culture
336:Pseudo-Caesarius
333:
298:
297:
291:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
240:
239:
233:
226:
225:
219:
212:
211:
179:Slavs (ethnonym)
67:
53:
33:
26:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2821:Suebian kingdom
2801:Lombard kingdom
2771:Frisian kingdom
2742:
2733:
2700:(Public Domain)
2699:
2689:
2686:
2639:
2637:Further reading
2634:
2615:
2590:
2574:Živković, Tibor
2572:
2557:
2520:
2492:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2423:
2408:History of Wars
2399:
2369:
2345:
2313:
2307:
2282:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2215:
2191:
2172:
2135:
2109:
2085:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2027:
2019:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1955:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1775:
1771:, pp. 142.
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1694:
1690:, pp. –77.
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1399:Kobyliński 2005
1397:
1393:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1320:Kobyliński 2005
1318:
1314:
1308:Kobyliński 2005
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1234:
1226:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1098:
1094:
1076:
914:Constantine VII
906:Vita Willibaldi
862:combined effort
828:John of Ephesus
824:
816:Irene of Athens
803:
776:defeated in 774
760:
753:
727:Steven Runciman
706:Vasil Zlatarski
685:
578:(617). In 626,
560:
553:
541:Main articles:
539:
499:John of Ephesus
485:
428:
397:Michel Kazanski
369:
364:
354:
321:
181:
175:
163:Slavic paganism
145:
139:
98:chroniclers as
44:
43:
42:
40:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2826:Vandal kingdom
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:Rugian kingdom
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2695:Zbornik Radova
2685:
2684:External links
2682:
2681:
2680:
2663:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2619:
2613:
2594:
2588:
2570:
2561:
2555:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2496:
2490:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2445:
2439:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2349:
2343:
2328:
2311:
2305:
2286:
2280:
2266:Fouracre, Paul
2261:
2255:
2240:
2234:
2219:
2214:978-0860789925
2213:
2195:
2189:
2176:
2170:
2152:
2139:
2133:
2113:
2107:
2089:
2083:
2070:
2061:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2025:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1953:
1938:
1923:
1908:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1800:
1798:, p. 215.
1788:
1773:
1761:
1759:, p. 108.
1749:
1737:
1735:, p. 110.
1725:
1723:, p. 218.
1713:
1692:
1680:
1678:, p. 230.
1668:
1656:
1652:Treadgold 1998
1644:
1632:
1630:, p. 188.
1628:Zlatarski 1970
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1582:, p. 198.
1580:Zlatarski 1970
1572:
1555:
1553:, p. 271.
1543:
1531:
1519:
1502:
1490:
1488:, p. 234.
1478:
1476:, p. 165.
1466:
1454:
1442:
1438:Treadgold 1997
1430:
1415:
1403:
1401:, p. 539.
1391:
1376:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1310:, p. 536.
1300:
1288:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1232:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1150:
1148:, p. 171.
1138:
1126:
1122:Procopius 550s
1111:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1072:
971:central Greece
924:Peter Charanis
872:and Slav army
856:laid siege to
823:
820:
804: 781–800
764: 741–775
752:
749:
715:Avar Khaganate
682:Constantine IV
564: 610–641
538:
535:
486: 577–579
440:Eastern Europe
432: 527–565
401:Prague culture
368:
365:
353:
350:
320:
317:
205:Pseudo-Maurice
174:
171:
138:
135:
37:
36:
28:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2889:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Hunnic empire
2779:
2777:
2776:Gepid kingdom
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2678:(3): 377–393.
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2614:9788677430276
2610:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2589:9788675585732
2585:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2556:9780521074599
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2519:0-8047-2630-2
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2440:9789025607487
2436:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2398:9780853237419
2394:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2368:9780881413205
2364:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2353:Louth, Andrew
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2190:9780674033146
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2171:0-472-08149-7
2167:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2118:
2117:Curta, Florin
2114:
2110:
2108:9781139428880
2104:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2093:Curta, Florin
2090:
2086:
2084:954-426-204-0
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2040:, p. 65.
2039:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2023:, p. 64.
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2004:, p. 66.
2003:
1998:
1992:, p. 81.
1991:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1968:, p. 83.
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1951:, p. 82.
1950:
1945:
1943:
1936:, p. 80.
1935:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1906:, p. 70.
1905:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1885:Hupchick 2004
1881:
1875:, p. 63.
1874:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1827:, p. 62.
1826:
1821:
1815:, p. 61.
1814:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1786:, p. 62.
1785:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1769:Bintliff 2003
1765:
1758:
1753:
1747:, p. 41.
1746:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1721:Živković 2002
1717:
1711:, p. 79.
1710:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1676:Živković 2002
1672:
1665:
1660:
1654:, p. 26.
1653:
1648:
1642:, p. 28.
1641:
1640:Runciman 1930
1636:
1629:
1624:
1618:, p. 68.
1617:
1612:
1606:, p. 69.
1605:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1570:, p. 91.
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1541:, p. 92.
1540:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1517:, p. 67.
1516:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1452:, p. 33.
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1413:, p. 45.
1412:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1389:, p. 48.
1388:
1383:
1381:
1369:
1364:
1358:, p. 91.
1357:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1298:, p. 87.
1297:
1292:
1286:, p. 86.
1285:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1259:, p. 79.
1258:
1253:
1246:
1245:Academia 2003
1241:
1239:
1237:
1230:, p. 78.
1229:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1211:, p. 76.
1210:
1205:
1199:, p. 97.
1198:
1193:
1187:, p. 75.
1186:
1181:
1175:, p. 95.
1174:
1169:
1163:, p. 96.
1162:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1134:Hupchick 2004
1130:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
998:(east of the
997:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
950:
945:
943:
942:Hellenization
937:
935:
931:
929:
926:believes the
925:
921:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:
829:
819:
817:
813:
809:
798:
795:
794:
789:
785:
781:
780:Constantine V
777:
773:
769:
758:
757:Constantine V
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:Pontic steppe
613:
609:
607:
603:
599:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
558:
552:
548:
544:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
500:
494:
491:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
441:
437:
426:
421:
419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
389:
381:
373:
363:
359:
349:
347:
346:
341:
337:
329:
325:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
292:
290:
284:
280:
278:
272:
270:
264:
262:
256:
254:
248:
246:
234:
232:
220:
218:
206:
202:
198:
194:
185:
180:
170:
166:
164:
159:
157:
156:
149:
144:
134:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:various forms
69:
68:
66:
59:
55:
54:
52:
39:
32:
25:
2694:
2675:
2671:
2648:
2627:
2623:
2604:
2599:
2578:
2565:
2546:
2528:
2504:
2480:
2470:
2450:
2429:
2416:
2407:
2387:
2377:
2357:
2333:
2323:
2319:
2291:
2270:
2245:
2224:
2203:
2180:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2122:
2097:
2074:
2065:
2055:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1921:, p. ?.
1887:, p. ?.
1880:
1868:
1863:, p. 6.
1856:
1844:
1832:
1820:
1791:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1683:
1671:
1666:, p. 9.
1659:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1551:Whittow 1996
1546:
1534:
1527:Whittow 1996
1522:
1493:
1486:Stratos 1975
1481:
1474:Stratos 1975
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1411:Jenkins 1987
1406:
1394:
1370:, p. 81
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1264:
1252:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1141:
1129:
1107:Maurice 500s
1049:
1041:
1013:Thessalonica
1004:Nicephorus I
985:
975:
952:
949:theme system
946:
938:
932:
927:
917:
905:
887:
882:
858:Thessaloniki
838:Drougoubitai
831:
825:
791:
754:
733:Justinian II
731:
717:, while the
700:and invaded
675:
667:Drougoubitai
638:
633:
602:White Croats
595:
567:
554:
512:
508:Monophysites
504:Florin Curta
495:
477:
457:Thessaloniki
422:
417:
394:
343:
322:
289:Sklavinia(i)
286:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
228:
214:
190:
167:
160:
153:
150:
146:
80:early Slavic
62:
61:
48:
47:
45:
1849:Vasmer 1941
1664:Vlasto 1970
1068:Christendom
1017:Dyrrhachium
910:Peloponnese
846:Belegezitai
788:Peloponnese
751:8th century
659:Strymonitai
635:Constans II
537:7th century
515:Peloponnese
425:Justinian I
367:6th century
358:Early Slavs
345:Strategikon
305:Peloponnese
173:Terminology
155:Strategikon
143:Early Slavs
92:South Slavs
2846:Categories
1919:Curta 2006
1757:Curta 2001
1733:Curta 2006
1498:Curta 2006
1462:Curta 2001
1387:Curta 2001
1368:Curta 2001
1356:Curta 2001
1344:Curta 2001
1332:Curta 2001
1296:Curta 2001
1284:Curta 2001
1269:Curta 2001
1257:Curta 2001
1228:Curta 2001
1209:Curta 2001
1197:James 2014
1185:Curta 2001
1173:James 2014
1161:James 2014
1146:Louth 2007
1092:References
996:Adrianople
987:Slavesians
978:Staurakios
934:Max Vasmer
898:Monemvasia
850:Baiounetai
842:Sagoudatai
797:Staurakios
663:Sagoudatai
655:Rhynchinoi
637:conquered
479:Daurentius
449:Ostrogoths
436:Belisarius
356:See also:
309:Asia Minor
301:Sclaviniae
296:Σκλαβινίαι
249:); Latin:
177:See also:
141:See also:
127:suzerainty
116:West Slavs
108:East Slavs
100:barbarians
2297:Routledge
2158:(1991) .
2038:Fine 1991
2021:Fine 1991
2002:Fine 1991
1990:Fine 1991
1978:Fine 1991
1966:Fine 1991
1949:Fine 1991
1934:Fine 1991
1904:Fine 1991
1873:Fine 1991
1825:Fine 1983
1813:Fine 1991
1784:Fine 1991
1745:Fine 1991
1709:Fine 1991
1688:Fine 1991
1616:Fine 1991
1604:Fine 1991
1592:Fine 1991
1515:Fine 1991
1426:Fine 1991
1045:Armenians
1025:Nicopolis
954:strategos
894:Willibald
890:Holy Land
793:patrikios
784:Macedonia
694:at Onglos
651:Perbundos
639:Sklavinia
592:Bosphorus
580:Sassanids
568:Sklavinia
557:Heraclius
547:Severians
469:Illyricum
444:Procopius
324:Procopius
299:; Latin:
277:Sthlaueni
245:Sklabinoi
238:Σκλάβινοι
231:Sklauēnoi
224:Σκλαυηνοί
217:Sklabēnoi
210:Σκλαβηνοί
197:Procopius
120:Byzantine
96:Byzantine
65:Sklabenoi
2852:Sclaveni
2576:(2008).
2502:(1997).
2427:(1968).
2355:(2007).
2326:: 39–61.
2201:(2006).
2119:(2006).
2095:(2001).
1085:Saqaliba
1074:See also
1033:Ezeritai
1029:Melingoi
982:Anatolia
902:Slavinia
892:in 732,
854:Berzetai
812:Akameros
808:Dalmatia
747:in 692.
741:Neboulos
588:monoxyla
465:Dalmatia
461:Germanus
395:Scholar
328:Jordanes
283:Sklaveni
269:Sclauini
253:Sclaueni
207:(Greek:
201:Jordanes
124:Frankish
51:Sclaveni
2268:(ed.).
2047:Sources
1037:Ottoman
1021:Strymon
786:to the
772:Bulgars
625:Bulgars
621:Khazars
572:Chatzon
453:Naissus
352:History
338:(560),
137:Customs
86:in the
84:Balkans
78:) were
2611:
2586:
2553:
2516:
2488:
2458:
2437:
2395:
2365:
2341:
2303:
2278:
2253:
2232:
2211:
2187:
2168:
2131:
2105:
2081:
1372:
967:Hellas
963:Thrace
870:Bulgar
852:, and
836:, the
768:Vardar
737:Thrace
719:Severi
702:Thrace
686:
627:, and
549:, and
527:Persia
523:Epirus
519:Attica
413:Danube
334:551),
311:, and
261:Sclavi
235:), or
2676:LXVII
2626:[
2603:[
774:were
629:Avars
606:Serbs
490:Bayan
473:Avars
313:Italy
273:, or
193:Antes
112:Wends
104:Antes
76:Greek
60:) or
58:Latin
2609:ISBN
2584:ISBN
2551:ISBN
2514:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2393:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2301:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2230:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2166:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2079:ISBN
1064:Rome
1031:and
1023:and
866:Avar
676:The
665:and
615:The
604:and
403:and
360:and
203:and
56:(in
46:The
2653:doi
806:).
801:fl.
684:(r.
533:).
483:fl.
332:fl.
221:),
122:or
74:in
2848::
2693:.
2674:.
2670:.
2647:.
2512:.
2324:20
2322:.
2318:.
2299:.
2295:.
2028:^
2009:^
1956:^
1941:^
1926:^
1911:^
1892:^
1803:^
1776:^
1695:^
1558:^
1505:^
1418:^
1379:^
1276:^
1235:^
1216:^
1153:^
1114:^
1099:^
1070:.
1019:,
1015:,
868:,
848:,
844:,
840:,
818:.
762:r.
661:,
649:.
623:,
562:r.
545:,
521:,
517:,
510:.
442:.
430:r.
315:.
307:,
281:-
265:,
257:,
165:.
2728:e
2721:t
2714:v
2661:.
2655::
2617:.
2592:.
2559:.
2522:.
2494:.
2464:.
2443:.
2410:.
2401:.
2380:.
2371:.
2347:.
2309:.
2284:.
2259:.
2238:.
2217:.
2193:.
2174:.
2137:.
2111:.
2087:.
1851:.
1839:.
1136:.
1124:.
1109:.
799:(
759:(
559:(
481:(
427:(
330:(
293:(
241:(
227:(
213:(
114:(
106:(
70:(
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