87:
1008:
854:
726:
259:
194:
462:
437:
146:
596:
277:
188:
474:
403:
391:
200:
468:
529:
517:
456:
118:
100:
564:
552:
312:
288:
238:
25:
615:). "The root of our trouble is centred in the relationship between the two countries, between Newfoundland as a country and Canada" according to James Halley, a former lawyer involved in negotiating a deal to get Newfoundland into Canada in 1949. According to a July 2003 report, secessionism was on the rise. In 2004, a "flag flap" occurred when the premier of Newfoundland and Labrador,
619:, removed all Canadian flags from government buildings and raised provincial flags instead. Tensions have since eased; however, a non-organized movement has emerged amongst citizens and the ability of potential premiers to appeal to a strong sense of Newfoundland nationalism is imperative to forming a government.
1198:
Rathnelly passports to everyone in the neighbourhood. The new nation conscripted all 8- to 14-year-old citizens to form a militia, known as the
Rathnelly Irregulars, and armed them with 1,000 helium balloons (the Rathnelly "air force"). The "Republic of Rathnelly" continues to hold annual street parties.
1105:
While Yukon lacks a formal separatist movement or party, there is an element of dissatisfaction in the territory as well. However, as anticipation of a
Conservative government in Ottawa built, the number of Yukoners that would be in favour of secession (if it included British Columbia and Alberta)
953:
secretly formed a committee on consequences if Quebec seceded. The most seriously studied option was strengthening
Saskatchewan's relationships with other western provinces because Romanow said in 2014, Ontario would become closer to the US economically and Atlantic Canada would become "an island".
1197:
made headlines in 1967, while celebrating Canada's 100th birthday. During the celebrations, Rathnelly residents playfully declared themselves as a republic independent of Canada. To mark their independence, the "Republic of
Rathnelly" elected a queen, organized a parade, and issued Republic of
1171:
and the
British North American colonies. The Madawaska region remained in dispute between Britain and the US until 1842. In Canada, Madawaska was considered part of Quebec until the 1850s, when the border with New Brunswick was modified. The "Republic" is now a purely ceremonial entity.
1070:
land that was to be incorporated into Canada. These settlers aimed to use this declaration to obtain favourable terms (for themselves) for the entry of the area into
Confederation. The declaration was not recognized by Canadian or British authorities, and the republic soon collapsed.
789:(FLQ), was a terrorist organization in the 1960s and early 1970s that used violence to promote independence for Quebec. Although they both advocated a sovereigntist agenda, the FLQ and its violent tactics were denounced by the Parti Québécois.
1086:
Shortly after joining
Confederation, British Columbia threatened to secede after the initial failure of the transcontinental railway promises which were one of its conditions for joining Canada. During the disputes over what led to the
1180:
Occasionally regions of Canada have declared themselves to be "independent" in a non-serious, satirical or promotional way. These "movements" are taken for what they are and not considered secessionist.
611:
based on its unique history, and as a result of its grievances and broken promises with both the federal government and the government of Quebec. Prior to 1949, the area was a self-governing
Dominion (
622:
The secessionist movement is most commonly associated with a flag under several names, including the "Pink, White and Green", "Flag of the
Republic of Newfoundland and Labrador", or officially as the
812:, in 1980 and 1995, rejected proposals for sovereignty, with majorities of 60% in 1980 and only 50.6% in 1995, respectively. Given the narrow federalist victory in 1995, a reference was made by the
782:, which sometimes wins the majority of seats in Quebec. This party aims to promote Quebec's sovereignty and purports to defend the interests of Quebec at the federal level of government.
981:
conducted from June 29, 2005, to July 5, 2005, finds 35.6% of residents of the four provinces think "Western
Canadians should begin to explore the idea of forming their own country."
760:. This movement often seeks what has been termed "sovereignty-association", which is sovereignty for Quebec within an economic association or union with the rest of Canada. Since the
1120:
is the first secessionist movement that aims to secede from British Columbia and become a separate province by 2021, instead of leaving Canada like other secession movements.
325:
1471:
157:
1937:
1588:
1493:
46:
1042:
promoted independence for the province of Alberta, either on its own or in union with the other western provinces, in the 1990s, but it is now defunct. The
1871:
1801:
1227:
1222:
329:
1557:
1399:
337:
1623:
1841:
650:
of Canada in 1867, opponents of Confederation in Nova Scotia began promoting the withdrawal of that province from the new confederation. The
2006:
1763:
1641:
356:
1524:
1446:
1424:
884:
Numerous political parties in the western provinces, believing there to be no other solution for stemming apparent "Western alienation" by
1664:
341:
662:, and 36 of the 38 seats in the Nova Scotia legislature; however, the party was unsuccessful in achieving independence for Nova Scotia.
962:
348:
33:
333:
1960:
1889:
1786:
1714:
1370:
1776:
715:
132:
1337:
538:
1479:
1095:
threatened to take BC out of Canada - and to take Yukon as well - if Ottawa and Washington would not accede to his demands.
2001:
1955:
1697:
616:
379:
1616:
1420:
673:
91:
1395:
352:
969:
786:
1917:
1897:
1859:
497:
410:
1543:
1501:
1791:
1731:
1721:
1212:
1129:
1099:
821:
171:
164:
1932:
1302:
1277:
1242:
1237:
1927:
1831:
1609:
1207:
1109:
Many First Nations politicians and some First Nations in BC, nearly all claiming and still technically holding
659:
2011:
1907:
1879:
1736:
1704:
1692:
1232:
1047:
416:
1544:"Manitoba's secessionist movement — some called for the province to leave Canada and be annexed by the U.S."
1687:
1317:
954:
Other possibilities included also seceding from Canada, and joining the US. Romanow said that predecessor
916:) would also be a part of a new Western Canadian union. Parties advocating Western separation include the
1819:
1164:
1043:
801:
778:
at the provincial level in Quebec that has governed the province for various periods since 1976, and the
697:
321:
297:
1039:
921:
701:
655:
542:
136:
573:
1902:
1257:
608:
280:
262:
1854:
1826:
1168:
966:
707:
651:
612:
1965:
1297:
1067:
947:
817:
38:
804:
and by numerous failed attempts at constitutional reform, which have sought to address Quebec's
1849:
1677:
1307:
1117:
917:
711:
623:
600:
446:
86:
1942:
1146:
1088:
1063:
909:
304:
577:
1922:
1781:
1771:
1741:
1282:
1272:
1252:
843:
768:
367:
211:
1113:
sovereignty, want varying degrees of autonomy, with some asserting outright independence.
1098:
There is an ongoing informal movement in British Columbia to create a separate country of
8:
1753:
1726:
1267:
1262:
1247:
925:
779:
371:
78:
This list is composed of both historical and active movements for secession or autonomy.
1021:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
867:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
739:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
375:
1912:
1814:
1709:
1682:
1672:
1577:
Mitchell map of 1850 shows Madawaska in QC, whereas Mitchell map of 1860 shows it in NB
997:
837:
643:
483:
360:
109:
1746:
1654:
1374:
1345:
1110:
1106:
has steadily dropped from a high of 18% in August 2005 to a mere 8% by January 2006.
666:
177:
153:
258:
977:
893:
805:
793:
772:
761:
756:
The Quebec sovereignty movement seeks independence from Canada for the province of
440:
428:
149:
958:
had similarly studied options for Saskatchewan during the 1980 Quebec referendum.
813:
797:
775:
767:
The sovereignty movement has spawned a variety of political parties, such as the
681:
1312:
955:
936:
885:
493:
420:
232:
193:
128:
1074:
In the 19th century, the Manitoban secessionist movement has support from the
968:
and registered as a Provincial Party, running candidates in 17 ridings in the
1995:
1349:
1152:
940:
685:
639:
247:
207:
203:
985:
932:
897:
461:
436:
406:
394:
145:
1970:
1092:
950:
825:
677:
635:
595:
276:
215:
1601:
904:. These movements have also assumed that Canada's northern territories (
187:
1980:
1151:
The Republic of Madawaska occupied what is now the northwest corner of
809:
473:
402:
390:
1338:"Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada"
199:
1975:
1632:
1217:
1190:
222:
1447:"Quebec Crisis Creates Talk About 4 Canadian Provinces Joining U.S."
1396:"Newfoundland separatist sentiment on the rise - Canada - CBC News"
901:
764:, the many available options have garnered support from Quebecers.
647:
467:
269:
Secessionist movements of Canada § Newfoundland & Labrador
226:
528:
516:
455:
117:
99:
1287:
1194:
1075:
913:
889:
670:
563:
551:
532:
520:
311:
287:
237:
121:
103:
988:
party, a party advocating for separation, was formed federally.
24:
1649:
1156:
1058:
In January–February 1868, a small group of settlers declared a
757:
567:
555:
315:
291:
241:
67:
1558:"New political party pushing for province of Vancouver Island"
1292:
1160:
905:
888:, have sought independence. These movements are strongest in
585:
1525:"Wexit party granted eligibility for next federal election"
1494:"CTV.ca | Western provinces consider separation: Poll"
634:
Shortly after the Confederation of three British colonies (
822:
regarding the legality of a unilateral secession of Quebec
928:. These parties have not achieved much success, however.
1163:. The origins of the so-called republic lie in the 1783
1228:
Proposals for new Canadian provinces and territories
1223:
List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
1132:
seeks separation from Canada and the United States.
599:
Independence flag of Newfoundland and Labrador, the
1421:"Newfoundland's flag flap 'disrespectful,' PM says"
796:, sovereigntist sentiments have been stoked by the
326:
Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises
1444:
1336:Cecco, Leyland; Agren, David (25 November 2019).
1993:
1589:"Where are Toronto's prime real estate pockets?"
800:which was introduced without the consent of the
268:
1586:
798:patriation of the Canadian constitution in 1982
654:won 18 of the 19 Nova Scotia seats in the new
1617:
1541:
1463:
1438:
1081:
16:List of movements within Canada for secession
590:
1167:, which established the border between the
338:Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec
330:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec
1624:
1610:
1335:
963:Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan
586:Movements seeking independence from Canada
1631:
1371:"Principles - Freedom Conservative Party"
939:advocated the western provinces join the
94:. 49.42% voted in favour of independence.
66:There have been various movements within
1184:
1140:
665:In 1990, just before the failure of the
594:
85:
49:of all important aspects of the article.
1555:
1472:"Secret Romanow group mulled secession"
1994:
1469:
824:. This resulted in the passage of the
334:Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
1605:
1175:
539:Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta
357:Fédération des travailleurs du Québec
349:Confédération des syndicats nationaux
2007:Secessionist organizations in Canada
1535:
1001:
972:. It was de-registered in May 2019.
847:
719:
607:There is a secessionist movement in
18:
477:
92:1995 Quebec independence referendum
13:
1938:Viceroyalty of the RĂo de la Plata
1556:Zussman, Richard (June 22, 2016).
1522:
1135:
970:2003 Saskatchewan general election
716:Conquest of New France (1758–1760)
14:
2023:
1542:Bruce Cherney (3 February 2012).
831:
498:Western Canada Independence Party
342:Réseau de Résistance du Québécois
1445:Rowley, Storer H. (1990-05-03).
1213:Indigenous land claims in Canada
1048:2004 Alberta provincial election
1006:
852:
724:
562:
550:
527:
515:
472:
466:
460:
454:
435:
401:
389:
380:Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec
353:Centrale des syndicats du Québec
310:
286:
275:
257:
236:
198:
192:
186:
165:Cascadia (independence movement)
144:
116:
98:
23:
1961:Historical separatist movements
1580:
1571:
1549:
1427:from the original on 2006-12-07
1402:from the original on 2011-10-16
1303:Territorial evolution of Canada
1278:Separatism in the United States
1243:Norwegian independence movement
1238:Icelandic independence movement
1130:Cascadian Independence movement
489:Proposed state: Western Canada
37:may be too short to adequately
1587:Carolyn Ireland (2013-04-11).
1516:
1486:
1413:
1388:
1363:
1329:
1208:Annexation movements of Canada
629:
180:, Cascadian Independence Party
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
1470:Warren, Jeremy (2014-08-26).
1323:
1233:Faroese independence movement
787:Front de libération du Québec
417:Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan
137:Independence Party of Alberta
1318:Indigenous peoples in Canada
1046:nominated candidates in the
7:
2002:Political history of Canada
1956:Active separatist movements
1201:
1123:
1078:and secessionist Liberals.
1066:, at Portage-la-Prairie in
1053:
1044:Separation Party of Alberta
896:, but lesser ones exist in
802:National Assembly of Quebec
698:Quebec sovereignty movement
322:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society
298:Quebec sovereignty movement
133:Wildrose Independence Party
10:
2028:
1159:and the American state of
1144:
1082:British Columbia and Yukon
1040:Alberta Independence Party
995:
991:
922:Western Independence Party
841:
835:
705:
695:
656:House of Commons of Canada
561:Proposed autonomous area:
543:Alberta Independence Party
526:Proposed autonomous area:
481:
295:
266:
162:
124:or part as Western Canada
107:
1951:
1888:
1870:
1840:
1800:
1762:
1663:
1640:
1258:Separatism in Philippines
1015:This section needs to be
984:On January 12, 2020, the
861:This section needs to be
733:This section needs to be
691:
609:Newfoundland and Labrador
591:Newfoundland and Labrador
281:Newfoundland and Labrador
263:Newfoundland and Labrador
1169:United States of America
1155:, and lies partially in
708:Republic of Lower Canada
652:Anti-Confederation Party
613:Dominion of Newfoundland
1966:Independence referendum
1298:First Nations in Canada
948:Premier of Saskatchewan
931:In the early 1980s, in
818:Supreme Court of Canada
684:would have to join the
574:Coalition Avenir Québec
154:Pacific Northwestern US
73:
1777:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1308:Treaty of Paris (1763)
1118:Vancouver Island Party
961:On July 12, 2003, the
918:Western Canada Concept
712:Lower Canada Rebellion
688:if the accord failed.
624:Newfoundland Tricolour
604:
601:Newfoundland Tricolour
447:Vancouver Island Party
95:
82:Secessionist movements
1185:Republic of Rathnelly
1147:Republic of Madawaska
1141:Republic of Madawaska
1089:Columbia River Treaty
1064:Republic of Manitobah
1060:Republic of Caledonia
910:Northwest Territories
842:Further information:
706:Further information:
702:Québécois nationalism
660:1867 general election
598:
502:Pressure group: Wexit
89:
2012:Separatism in Canada
1283:Separatism in Canada
1273:Separatism in Russia
1253:Separatism in Turkey
1165:Treaty of Versailles
1068:Hudson's Bay Company
844:North-West Rebellion
511:Autonomist movements
320:Civil organization:
212:Prince Edward Island
1913:Indian subcontinent
1827:Denmark (Greenland)
1268:Separatism in China
1263:Separatism in India
1248:Separatism in Spain
965:(WIPS) was created
926:Western Block Party
152:together with the
1928:Republic of Venice
1898:All-Russian Empire
1593:The Globe and Mail
1176:In popular culture
998:Alberta separatism
838:Western alienation
816:government to the
644:Province of Canada
605:
578:Équipe Autonomiste
484:Western alienation
361:Union des artistes
316:Republic of Quebec
110:Alberta separatism
96:
1989:
1988:
1860:Western Australia
1531:. CBC News/Radio.
1504:on 3 October 2006
1193:neighbourhood in
1036:
1035:
882:
881:
808:. Two provincial
773:social democratic
754:
753:
667:Meech Lake Accord
572:Political party:
537:Political party:
492:Political party:
445:Political party:
415:Political party:
366:Political party:
246:Political party:
178:BC Cascadia Party
176:Political party:
170:Proposed state:
127:Political party:
64:
63:
2019:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1500:. Archived from
1490:
1484:
1483:
1478:. Archived from
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1373:. Archived from
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1333:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1010:
1009:
1002:
978:Western Standard
894:British Columbia
877:
874:
868:
856:
855:
848:
806:distinct society
794:Quiet Revolution
762:Quiet Revolution
749:
746:
740:
728:
727:
720:
680:and the rest of
566:
554:
531:
519:
476:
470:
464:
458:
441:Vancouver Island
439:
434:Proposed state:
429:Vancouver Island
405:
400:Proposed state:
393:
376:Québec solidaire
314:
309:Proposed state:
305:Québécois people
303:Regional group:
290:
279:
274:Proposed State:
261:
240:
231:Proposed state:
202:
196:
190:
150:British Columbia
148:
120:
115:Proposed state:
102:
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1947:
1884:
1866:
1836:
1796:
1758:
1659:
1636:
1630:
1600:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1536:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1476:The StarPhoenix
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1450:Chicago Tribune
1443:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1204:
1187:
1178:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1136:Other movements
1126:
1084:
1056:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1007:
1000:
994:
878:
872:
869:
866:
857:
853:
846:
840:
834:
776:political party
769:Parti Québécois
750:
744:
741:
738:
729:
725:
718:
704:
696:Main articles:
694:
682:Atlantic Canada
632:
593:
588:
486:
368:Parti Québécois
300:
271:
167:
112:
90:Results of the
76:
70:for secession.
60:
54:
51:
44:
32:This article's
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1918:Ottoman Empire
1915:
1910:
1908:Czechoslovakia
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1792:United Kingdom
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1579:
1570:
1548:
1534:
1523:Dryden, Joel.
1515:
1485:
1482:on 2014-08-29.
1462:
1437:
1423:. 2006-12-07.
1412:
1398:. 2011-10-16.
1387:
1362:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:Western Canada
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1145:Main article:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1125:
1122:
1083:
1080:
1055:
1052:
1034:
1033:
1014:
1012:
1005:
996:Main article:
993:
990:
975:A poll by the
956:Allan Blakeney
937:Unionest Party
886:Central Canada
880:
879:
860:
858:
851:
836:Main article:
833:
832:Western Canada
830:
780:Bloc Québécois
752:
751:
732:
730:
723:
693:
690:
646:) to form the
631:
628:
617:Danny Williams
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
581:
580:
548:
547:
546:
545:
513:
512:
508:
507:
506:
505:
504:
503:
494:Maverick Party
482:Main article:
478:Western Canada
452:
451:
450:
449:
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421:Maverick Party
411:Western Canada
387:
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372:Bloc Québécois
364:
347:Labour union:
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129:Maverick Party
108:Main article:
84:
83:
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72:
62:
61:
41:the key points
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
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1455:September 18,
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1153:New Brunswick
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686:United States
683:
679:
675:
674:John Buchanan
672:
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640:New Brunswick
637:
627:
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248:Parti acadien
245:
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220:
219:
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209:
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205:
204:The Maritimes
201:
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174:
173:
169:
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158:United States
155:
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119:
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113:
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106:
105:
101:
93:
88:
81:
80:
79:
71:
69:
58:
55:February 2014
48:
42:
40:
35:
30:
26:
21:
20:
1933:Soviet Union
1809:
1655:South Africa
1592:
1582:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1551:
1537:
1528:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:the original
1497:
1488:
1480:the original
1475:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:
1440:
1429:. Retrieved
1415:
1404:. Retrieved
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1342:The Guardian
1341:
1331:
1188:
1179:
1150:
1127:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1062:, later the
1059:
1057:
1037:
1024:
1016:
983:
976:
974:
960:
945:
933:Saskatchewan
930:
898:Saskatchewan
883:
870:
862:
791:
784:
766:
755:
742:
734:
664:
633:
621:
606:
549:
514:
453:
427:
407:Saskatchewan
395:Saskatchewan
388:
285:
256:
185:
143:
97:
77:
65:
52:
36:
34:lead section
1971:Irredentism
1737:Philippines
1355:25 November
1093:WAC Bennett
951:Roy Romanow
826:Clarity Act
810:referendums
678:Nova Scotia
636:Nova Scotia
630:Nova Scotia
409:or part as
216:Nova Scotia
1996:Categories
1981:Separatism
1943:Yugoslavia
1903:Bangladesh
1890:Historical
1635:by country
1633:Secessions
1508:14 January
1498:www.ctv.ca
1431:2023-11-14
1406:2023-11-14
1381:2020-02-02
1324:References
1027:March 2021
924:, and the
873:March 2021
792:Since the
745:March 2021
676:predicted
1976:Secession
1850:Australia
1722:Indonesia
1710:Khalistan
1678:Hong Kong
1350:0261-3077
1218:Land Back
1191:Rathnelly
946:In 1995,
828:in 2000.
223:Canadians
39:summarize
1855:Tasmania
1732:Pakistan
1698:Xinjiang
1529:CBC News
1425:Archived
1400:Archived
1202:See also
1124:Cascadia
1100:Cascadia
1054:Manitoba
902:Manitoba
820:in 1996
814:Chrétien
648:Dominion
642:and the
340:(MLNQ),
336:(IPSO),
227:Acadians
214:, &
172:Cascadia
1923:Prussia
1842:Oceania
1815:Alberta
1772:Belgium
1747:Siberia
1563:23 June
1288:Nunavut
1195:Toronto
1111:unceded
1076:Fenians
1017:updated
992:Alberta
914:Nunavut
890:Alberta
863:updated
735:updated
671:premier
669:, then-
658:in the
533:Alberta
521:Alberta
359:(FTQ),
355:(CSQ),
351:(CSN),
332:(RIQ),
328:(MNQ),
122:Alberta
104:Alberta
1880:Brazil
1820:Quebec
1810:Canada
1782:Russia
1764:Europe
1754:Turkey
1742:Russia
1715:Sikkim
1688:Taiwan
1642:Africa
1348:
1157:Quebec
935:, the
920:, the
912:, and
758:Quebec
714:, and
692:Quebec
568:Quebec
556:Quebec
292:Quebec
242:Acadia
68:Canada
1787:Spain
1705:India
1693:Tibet
1683:Macau
1673:China
1293:Inuit
1161:Maine
986:Wexit
906:Yukon
363:(UDA)
344:(RRQ)
1727:Iraq
1665:Asia
1650:Mali
1565:2016
1510:2022
1457:2012
1357:2019
1346:ISSN
1189:The
1128:The
1116:The
1038:The
900:and
892:and
785:The
771:, a
700:and
74:List
235:or
1998::
1591:.
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1474:.
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160:)
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1567:.
1512:.
1459:.
1434:.
1409:.
1384:.
1359:.
1029:)
1025:(
1019:.
875:)
871:(
865:.
747:)
743:(
737:.
603:.
471:/
465:/
459:/
197:/
191:/
156:(
57:)
53:(
43:.
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