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into shorter rods for handling. Next, one of these is re-heated and wound around a hot metal wire creating a ring of glass which is then worked and shaped until smooth and round. This is done several times on the same wire creating a series of glass rings. Once the wire cools, the rings are slipped off and then used as beads. For the drawn method, an air bubble is created within the gather and as the iron bars are drawn apart they produce a long tube rather than a rod. This tube is then cooled, cut into rings, and the rings are
117:
seed beads, from 3/0 to 4/0, are usually called "trade beads"; the largest class of seed beads, including 1/0, 2/0, and anything larger, are usually referred to as "crow beads." The range of seed beads in most modern seed bead work covers the sizes 6/0, 8/0, 11/0, 12/0, 13/0 and 15/0. Sizes 6/0, 8/0 and 11/0 are often used in beaded knitting, as well as bead knitting. The extremely small class of seed beads smaller than 15/0 have not been in production since the 1890s and any in existence are usually considered antiques.
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One major supplier, Miyuki, sells factory packages which contain up to 1 kg of beads, and are almost always repackaged into tubes or other containers for retail sale. To accommodate the average "wholesale" customer, whether it be a bead shop or designer, some larger distributors have made deals
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Lesser quality seed beads are produced in India, in People's
Republic of China (PRC) and in Taiwan. Beads from these countries are less uniform in shape, hole size and finish. Dyed seed beads may transfer the dye to clothing or skin. Other seed beads have an external coating that will rub away to
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with fiber or soft, flexible wire. The largest size of a seed bead is 1/0 ("one-aught", sometimes written 1/Β°) and the smallest is 24/0, about the size of a grain of sand. However, seed beads that are size 5/0 or 6/0 are usually called "pony beads" rather than "seed beads"; the next larger class of
558:
is unit bundle of strands of seed beads or bugle beads. A typical hank has twelve 20" (51 cm) strands of beads. Different sizes and types of beads may be sold in hanks which have different numbers and lengths of strands. Different hanks (age, type, size) have from 8 to 14 strands, and lengths
356:
The aught size of a bead is usually given either as a number followed by a superscripted zero, e.g., 8Β°, or most often as a number followed by a slash and a zero, e.g., 8/0. Regardless, this is spoken as, "Eight aught", though the "aught" portion is regularly ignored and an 8/0 size seed bead would
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The aught system of classifying seed beads is widely used but is imprecise and variable between manufacturers. The measurements given below for bead diameter are meant to suggest the industry standard but are not absoluteβin fact, variation from one manufacturer to the next may be greater than the
324:
There are three-cut beads which are "barrel faceted", meaning they start with a round bead and make more random machine cuts, creating a nugget like bead. Then in a class of their own is the two-cut seed bead. These never started out as a round bead, but rather the raw cane has been shaved and cut.
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Seed beads are sold either by hank, gram weight or tube. Style of glass (opaque, transparent, matte) and finish, color, and name may (or may not) be listed along with the companies product number. Names (colors) are often created by the retailer to entice purchases, and vary by retailer. A few
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is heated on an iron bar until molten. A second bar of iron is then inserted into the gather and the two bars quickly drawn apart creating a long glass rod (the final width of which would depend on how quickly and how far the bars are separated before the glass solidifies). This rod is then cut
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seed beads are sold from the factories by boxes, bags or strands. They are often repackaged into hanks, tubes, or other containers for retail sale, in quantities varying from 5 grams to 40 or more grams. When Czech beads are repackaged, they are usually sold by the gram, which creates some
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bead, has become increasingly popular. They were invented by
Masayoshi Katsuoka of the Miyuki Shoji Company in the 1980s. Unlike the more rounded donut-shaped rocaille seed beads, cylinder beads have large holes for their size, and their diameters, inside and out, have little variation. Their
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after, although
Germany, Italy and France were also noted producers of glass beads. Most of these beads were made of glass, but some were made of metal, usually aluminum or steel, and often cut in what is known as "three-cut" faceting; these are popularly known as steel cuts. Many of the old
132:
Two principal techniques are used to produce seed beads: the wound method and the drawn method. The wound method is the more-traditional technique, is more time-consuming, and is no longer used in modern bead production: in this technique, a chunk of glass known in glassmaking as a
577:
A production run of a custom made seed bead is eight kilograms. The beads are produced in the Czech
Republic using a ten kilogram rod of color glass. The excess glass is recycled to form new rods. The color glass rods are produced from a larger mass melt of some ten metric tons.
253:
Formulas for different colors of glass are closely guarded. The recipe for a true black glass was lost during World War I, and modern black glass held to sunlight is a deep purple. Examples of true black glass are circulating in jewelry pieces made to commemorate the funeral of
590:
Most
Japanese seed beads are repackaged for retail sale in manageable quantities based on price codes. More expensive beads (precious metals) may be sold in 2.5 or 5 gram units. Standard Japanese seed beads are usually sold in approximately 5 or 10 gram packages.
337:
Bugle beads are sold by size (length) commonly designated as #1 - 3mm, #2 - 4mm, #3 - 6mm, #4 -12mm, and larger (longer) without a number designation, i.e. 30mm, 35mm. The Miyuki bead company designates their bugle beads as #1 - 3mm, #2 - 6mm, #3 - 9mm, #4 - 12mm.
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One cut or true cut beads have a flat surface cut into the bead that produces a shine or sparkle when reflecting light. Cut beads that are size 13/0 are referred to as "Charlottes." However, many people refer to all single cut beads as
Charlotte cut.
598:
Toho, a major
Japanese supplier, seems to have a more flexible packaging policy. Many of the tubed seed beads that can be found in craft stores are stamped with their name on the bottoms, indicating both a wholesale and retail packaging setup.
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A hank of size 2/0 bugles or size 11/0 seed beads generally weighs between 30 and 40 grams, depending on manufacturing variations, coatings or linings. Purchasing Czech beads by the hank is usually a better value than repackaged beads.
333:
Bugle beads are longer than they are thick, creating a tubular shape. They have different lengths ranging from 2mm, 3mm to 35mm in length, and may be plain, twisted or faceted (cut). The smallest, #0 at 2mm, is produced by the Toho company.
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line up more uniformly, so detailed pattern work comes out more accurate and even. These beads are more expensive than round seed beads, although the reduced weight of the thin walled cylinder beads results in more beads per gram.
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confusion on how many beads come on a hank. Not every 20 inch strand of size 11/0 beads weighs the same. However, there are some online calculators, which can be used for conversion from hanks to grams and from grams to hanks.
586:
Japanese beads are sold by gram weight, seldom by the hank. Buying
Japanese beads by the hank usually costs about twice as much, therefore, they are not usually sold or purchased from Japan in this manner.
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Delica by Miyuki. Delicas are currently (2018) made in four sizes: 15/0 (the smallest), 11/0, 10/0, and 8/0. Delica varieties include a "cut" Delica that reflects light from flat facets.
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The style and or finish of bugle beads correspond to the range of styles produced by each company. Many companies provide sample cards which can be viewed digitally on their websites.
195:. Japanese seed beads are generally more uniform in size, shape, and finish as well as having larger holes than Czech seed beads of the same size, but the Japanese make fewer styles.
36:
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18/0 hanks have 10 strands of 8β10 inches (200 to 250 mm) each. 1 hank = 3.333 fathoms = 6.667 yards = 20 feet = 6096mm = 609.6 cm = 6.096 meters = x grams.
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Color lined - a color coating is applied inside the beads; sometimes this is not very durable and the color of finished work may appear very different in a short time
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vary from 8 to 20 inches per strand. For example, Charlotte size 13/0 cut beads are generally on short hanks, containing 12 twelve-inch strands. Some
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The very small holes in the centers of most seed beads means that stringing them usually requires the use of a specialized long narrow needle called a
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A selection of glass seed beads. The tiny beads in the packet at bottom centre are size 15. On the right are three packets of Delica beads size 11.
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Some seed beads produced in France are available in historic "old-time" colors and are popular for use in repairing or replicating antiquities.
40:
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stamp that forms the shape of the bead with a reciprocating needle that forms the hole. Manual and automatic machinery is in use in the
180:, treasure troves of old beads made their way to Western markets. These "vintage" beads are highly prized, and are now harder to find.
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Before World War II, there was a thriving bead industry centered in eastern Europe, especially in
Bohemia, before 1918 a part of the
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is also a generic term for any small bead. Usually rounded in shape, seed beads are most commonly used for loom and off-loom
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Glass rods made with concentric layers of color or stripes of color can be used to make patterns of color in seed beads.
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carry over from the manufacturers and are used by most retailers: African Sunset Gold #329 by Toho is one example.
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Bugle beads may have round or square holes, which are from .6mm to 1.2mm, getting larger as the length increases.
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flattened ends mean that bead work created with cylinder beads has a flat, smooth texture. Rows and columns in
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Generally, less expensive beads are more susceptible to the ravages of time no matter their country of origin.
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Copper-lined - a coppery coating which reflects a reddish light is applied to the inside of the seed bead
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Bronze-lined - a bronzy coating which reflects a brown light is applied to the inside of the seed bead
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to receive their wholesale packages of beads in smaller (50 to 250 gram) pre-packaged sizes.
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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616:"Rocaille | Definition of Rocaille by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Rocaille"
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Silver-lined - a silvery coating which reflects light is applied to the inside of the seed bead
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109:. They may be used for simple stringing, or as spacers between other beads in jewelry.
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Luster or lustre - a transparent "pearl" effect applied to the surface of the seed bead
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This article is about glass beads. For information related to Teflon "seed beads", see
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811:"Czech Cut Seed Beads- Czech Charlotte Cut Seed Beads- Gourd Stitch- Peyote Beadwork"
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645:"Difference between E beads, rocaille beads, and seed beads? (spoilers: nothing)"
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Translucent - one can see light through the bead, although the light is diffused
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Matte - the bead is textured on a microscopic level to result in a matte finish
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1024:"Preciosa Ornella (the biggest Czech seed beads manufacturer) Packing Options"
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AB or aurora borealis - a rainbow effect applied to the surface of a seed bead
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Seed bead machinery uses glass rods softened to a red heat, fed into a steel
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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
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The Coyote's Game Blog: Coyote's Game Native
American Beadwork & Crafts
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Larger seed beads are used in various fiber crafts for embellishment, or
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Opaque - the solid color prevents light from passing through the bead
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During the last few decades, a new shape of Japanese seed bead, the
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factories were converted or destroyed during World War II. After
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ranging in size from under a millimeter to several millimeters.
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usually be described as simply as "Size eight" or "an 8 bead."
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Simply Gemstones: Designs for Creating Beaded Gemstone Jewelry
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Treasures (formerly Antiques) by Toho available in size 11/0
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98:
1081:
Gourley, Elizabeth; Davis, Jane; Talbott, Ellen (2006).
787:"Wild Things Beads - Article - Charlotte Cut Seed Beads"
311:
Aiko by Toho, introduced in 2005, available in size 11/0
272:. As the steel dies wear eventually, they are replaced.
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Most contemporary high-quality seed beads are made in
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Wire Jewelry: Crocheted, Knitted, Twisted and Beaded
835:"The Best of the Best--The Story of Charlotte Beads"
1080:
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863:
705:
693:
146:to remove sharp edges before being used as beads.
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202:reveal a completely different color underneath.
353:variation within a single aught-size of bead.
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301:There are three versions of cylinder beads:
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742:VanBenschoten, Jennifer (8 November 2017).
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127:
949:"Matsuno Beads (M.G.B.) Size & Shape"
63:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1104:. Japan Publications Trading Company.
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225:Transparent - the glass is see-through
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682:The Best of Bead and Button Magazine.
15:
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1010:Gourley, Davis & Talbott (2006)
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864:Gourley, Davis & Talbott (2006)
706:Gourley, Davis & Talbott (2006)
694:Gourley, Davis & Talbott (2006)
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1022:Preciosa Ornella Packing Options.
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97:are uniformly shaped, spheroidal
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158:Elephant and zebra in seed beads
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1345:Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty
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744:"About Japanese Cylinder Beads"
684:Page 7 (retrieved 17 June 2011)
1047:. New York, NY: Random House.
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171:and a part of the Republic of
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1340:Joyce Growing Thunder Fogarty
620:Lexico Dictionaries | English
602:
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1100:Shimonagase, Minako (2005).
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178:the fall of the Iron Curtain
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45:Knowledge's inclusion policy
7:
762:"Bead Terminolgy Explained"
86:A collection of small beads
10:
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1085:. New York, NY: Sterling.
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1381:Peranakan beaded slippers
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791:www.wildthingsbeads.com
169:Austro-Hungarian empire
137:and composed mainly of
128:Construction techniques
77:Polytetrafluoroethylene
1062:Day, Chrissie (2006).
841:(Blog). Archived from
723:www.seedbeading.com.au
719:"Lauren Elise Designs"
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284:Plastic cylinder beads
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159:
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1041:Alden, Nancy (2009).
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884:Miyuki Beads Company
541:Methods of packaging
1217:Peranakan cut beads
1083:Art of Seed Beading
937:. 23 February 2019.
931:"Toho Company, LTD"
909:preciosa-ornela.com
766:www.nativecrafts.us
217:Colors and finishes
1222:Powder glass beads
986:Shimonagase (2005)
955:. 23 February 2019
911:. 23 February 2019
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1299:Right-angle weave
1177:Glass bead making
1111:978-4-88996-190-4
1092:978-0-8069-7829-1
1073:978-1-58180-881-0
1054:978-0-307-45135-4
905:"Preciosa Ornela"
880:"MIYUKI CO., LTD"
815:www.crazycrow.com
748:The Spruce Crafts
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626:on July 26, 2019
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679:"Seed Beads."
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29:This article
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1390:
1350:Teri Greeves
1330:Martha Berry
1313:Bead artists
1289:Brick stitch
1284:Bead weaving
1269:Bead crochet
1226:
1212:Murano beads
1102:Bead Flowers
1101:
1082:
1063:
1043:
1034:Bibliography
1017:
1005:
1000:, p. 16
993:
988:, p. 96
981:
974:Alden (2009)
969:
957:. Retrieved
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913:. Retrieved
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887:. Retrieved
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847:. Retrieved
843:the original
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770:. Retrieved
768:. Charlottes
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726:. Retrieved
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653:. Retrieved
651:. 2014-03-21
648:
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628:. Retrieved
624:the original
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107:bead weaving
102:
94:
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50:
37:spinning off
30:
1237:Trade beads
1197:Kiffa beads
1167:Aggry beads
959:23 February
915:23 February
889:23 February
708:, p. 6
696:, p. 7
649:BoudiccaNox
363:Aught size
329:Bugle beads
1408:Categories
1355:Maude Kegg
1260:Techniques
1227:Seed beads
1207:Millefiori
1202:Love beads
998:Day (2006)
849:8 December
820:2020-08-10
796:2020-08-10
772:2020-08-10
728:2020-08-10
655:2020-08-10
630:2020-08-10
603:References
510:1.15β1.20
494:1.25β1.35
486:1.30β1.40
91:Seed beads
41:relocating
1392:Bead Game
1376:Quillwork
1262:and tools
1187:Hair pipe
518:1.0β1.17
316:Cut beads
191:, or the
150:Varieties
103:Seed bead
95:rocailles
1414:Beadwork
1151:Beadwork
478:1.4β1.6
470:1.5β1.7
462:1.7β1.9
454:1.8β2.1
446:2.0β2.3
438:2.2β2.7
430:2.5β3.1
422:3.4β4.0
414:4.0β4.3
290:cylinder
1364:Related
1335:Chipeta
1232:Sequins
1182:Faturan
561:vintage
295:weaving
144:tumbled
114:crochet
1242:Wampum
1192:Heishe
1108:
1089:
1070:
1051:
582:Weight
139:silica
135:gather
1159:Beads
567:Czech
550:Hanks
534:0.91
531:24/0
526:1.02
523:22/0
515:20/0
507:18/0
499:17/0
491:16/0
483:15/0
475:14/0
467:13/0
459:12/0
451:11/0
443:10/0
189:India
185:Japan
99:beads
1106:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1049:ISBN
961:2019
917:2019
891:2019
851:2015
556:hank
502:1.2
435:9/0
427:8/0
419:7/0
411:6/0
406:4.5
403:5/0
398:5.0
395:4/0
390:5.5
387:3/0
382:6.0
379:2/0
374:6.5
371:1/0
266:die
93:or
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