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all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection of human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government that is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.
2558:, Locke distinguished between legislative, executive, and federative power. Locke defined legislative power as having "... the right to direct how the force of the commonwealth shall be employed" (2nd Tr., § 143), while executive power entailed the "execution of the laws that are made, and remain in force" (2nd Tr., § 144). Locke further distinguished federative power, which entailed "the power of war and peace, leagues and alliances, and all transactions with all persons and communities without the commonwealth" (2nd Tr., § 145), or what is now known as
2535:
2562:. Locke distinguishes between separate powers but not discretely separate institutions, and notes that one body or person can share in two or more of the powers. Within these factors Locke heavily argues for "Autry for Action" as the scope and intensity of these campaigns are extremely limited in their ability to form concentrations of power. For instance, Locke noted that while the executive and federative powers are different, they are often combined in a single institution (2nd Tr., § 148).
2920:
2863:
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2773:, meant to propose a reasoned (not conventional or arbitrary) way to separate powers. Disagreement arises between various normative theories in particular about what is the (desirable, in the case of political philosophy, or prescribed, in the case of legal studies) allocation of functions to specific governing bodies or branches of government. How to correctly or usefully delineate and define the ‘state functions’ is another major bone of contention.
144:
2747:
private as well as public. We see it particularly displayed in all the subordinate distributions of power, where the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other and that the private interest of every individual may be a sentinel over the public rights. These inventions of prudence cannot be less requisite in the distribution of the supreme powers of the State.
82:
41:
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4130:, p. 239: "The modern theory of separated powers addresses the necessary or possible relations between actors and their normative ‘functions’. Legislation, execution of laws and adjudication are ‘functions’ that the states or other public authorities fulfil and that are carried out by respective ‘branches’. In this context, the notion of ‘function’ refers to different types of legally relevant actions."
192:
2723:, citing Montesquieu, redefined the judiciary as a separately distinct branch of government with the legislative and the executive branches. Before Hamilton, many colonists in the American colonies had adhered to British political ideas and conceived of government as divided into executive and legislative branches (with judges operating as appendages of the executive branch).
2951:
function, combining aspects of the three other functions; opponents of this view conceive of the actions of administrative agencies as consisting of the three established functions being exercised next to each other merely in fact. Supervision and integrity-assuring activities (e.g., supervision of elections), as well as mediating functions (
2711:
each branch in its place. The idea is that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but the branches need to have the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. Under this influence it was implemented in 1787 in the
2746:
A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control of the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. This policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives, might be traced through the whole system of human affairs,
2565:
Locke believed that the legislative power was supreme over the executive and federative powers, which are subordinate. Locke reasoned that the legislative was supreme because it has law-giving authority; "or what can give laws to another, must need to be superior to him" (2nd Tr., §150). According to
2950:
Adjudicating constitutional disputes is sometimes conceptually distinguished from other types of power, because applying the often unusually indeterminate provisions of constitutions tends to call for exceptional methods to come to reasoned decisions. Administration is sometimes proposed as a hybrid
2705:
According to the principle of checks and balances, each of the branches of the state should have the power to limit or check the other two, creating a balance between the three separate powers of the state. Each branch's efforts to prevent either of the other branches from becoming supreme form part
2742:
But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in
2653:
By virtue of the first, the prince or magistrate enacts temporary or perpetual laws and amends or abrogates those that have been already enacted. By the second, he makes peace or war, sends or receives embassies, establishes public security, and provides against invasions. By the third, he punishes
883:
to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration,
3572:
Calvin's republican sympathies derived from his view of human nature as deeply flawed. Compound or mixed governments reflect the reality that human frailty justifies and necessitates institutional checks and balances to the magistrate's presumed propensity to abuse power. It was this commitment to
2710:
was an advocate of this, noting that "the problem of setting up a state can be solved even by a nation of devils" so long as they possess an appropriate constitution to pit opposing factions against each other. Checks and balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping
2675:
Separation of powers requires a different source of legitimization, or a different act of legitimization from the same source, for each of the separate powers. If the legislative branch appoints the executive and judicial powers, as
Montesquieu indicated, there will be no separation or division of
2666:
Again, there is no liberty, if the judiciary power is not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the judge would be then the legislator. Were it joined to the executive power,
2756:
There are different theories about how to differentiate the functions of the state (or types of government power), so that they may be distributed among multiple structures of government (usually called branches of government, or arms). There are analytical theories that provide a conceptual lens
2684:
But if there were no monarch, and the executive power should be committed to a certain number of persons selected from the legislative body, there would be an end then of liberty; by reason, the two powers would be united, as the same persons would sometimes possess, and would be always able to
2680:
The executive power ought to be in the hands of a monarch, because this branch of government, having need of despatch, is better administered by one than by many: on the other hand, whatever depends on the legislative power is oftentimes better regulated by many than by a single person.
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And when the people have said we will submit to rules, and be governed by laws made by such men... nobody else can say other men shall make laws for them; nor can the people be bound by any laws but as such as are enacted by those whom they have chosen, and authorized to make laws for
2371:, stating: "It is an invaluable gift if God allows a people to elect its own government and magistrates." In order to reduce the danger of misuse of political power, Calvin suggested setting up several political institutions that should complement and control each other in a system of
2662:
When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner.
2645:. Montesquieu took the view that the Roman Republic had powers separated so that no one could usurp complete power. In the British constitutional system, Montesquieu discerned a separation of powers among the monarch, Parliament, and the courts of law.
890:). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a
2670:
There would be an end to everything, were the same man or the same body, whether of the nobles or of the people, to exercise those three powers, that of enacting laws, executing the public resolutions, and trying the causes of individuals.
2498:
A further development in
English thought was the idea that the judicial powers should be separated from the executive branch. This followed the use of the juridical system by the Crown to prosecute opposition leaders following
2637:. Montesquieu's approach was to present and defend a form of government whose powers were not excessively centralized in a single monarch or similar ruler (a form known then as "aristocracy"). He based this model on the
3660:
in the absence of a written constitution in
England it may at times be difficult to determine whether a particular text belongs to the constitutional law, i.e. forms the corpus of legal constitutional acts of England
2689:
Montesquieu actually specified that the independence of the judiciary has to be real, and not merely apparent. The judiciary was generally seen as the most important of the three powers, independent and unchecked.
2957:), are also in some instances regarded as their own type, rather than a subset or combination of other types. For instance Sweden have four powers, judicial, executive, legislative and administrative branches.
2649:
In every government there are three sorts of power: the legislative; the executive in respect to things dependent on the law of nations; and the executive in regard to matters that depend on the civil law.
2443:(1632–1704). He deduced from a study of the English constitutional system the advantages of dividing political power into the legislative (which should be distributed among several bodies, for example, the
2844:
The function of adjudication (judicial function) is the binding application of legal rules to a particular case, which usually involves creatively interpreting and developing these rules.
2406:, which functioned as legislature and judiciary and which in turn elected a governor, who together with his seven "assistants" served in the functional role of providing executive power.
2575:
Locke maintains that there are restrictions on the legislative power. Locke says that the legislature cannot govern arbitrarily, cannot levy taxes, or confiscate property without the
2475:– where the first should have executive powers only, and the latter two legislative powers. One of the first documents proposing a tripartite system of separation of powers was the
3253:
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The executive function of government includes many exercises of powers in fact, whether in carrying into effect legal decisions or affecting the real world on its own initiative.
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checks and balances that became the basis of Calvin's resistance theory, according to which inferior magistrates have a duty to resist or restrain a tyrannical sovereign.
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criminals or determines the disputes that arise between individuals. The latter we shall call the judiciary power, and the other simply the executive power of the state.
2439:(written between 1630 and 1651) were widely read in England. So the form of government in the colonies was well known in the mother country, including to the philosopher
2514:
The first constitutional document to establish the principle of the separation of powers in government between the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches was
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2451:), on the one hand, and the executive and federative power, responsible for the protection of the country and prerogative of the monarch, on the other hand, as the
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through which to understand the separation of powers as realized in real-world governments (developed by the academic discipline of
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Polibius. (~150 B.C.). The Rise of the Roman Empire. Translated by Ian Scott-Kilvert (1979). Penguin
Classics. London, England.
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3218:. Research Handbooks in Comparative Constitutional Law. Cheltenham, England; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. pp. 66‒85.
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Locke, legislative power derives its authority from the people, who have the right to make and unmake the legislature:
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The final crisis of the Stuart monarchy: the revolutions of 1688–91 in their
British, Atlantic and European contexts
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3214:(2018). "Theoretical underpinnings of the separation of powers (ch. 4)". In Jacobsohn, Gary; Schor, Miguel (eds.).
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The following example of the separation of powers and their mutual checks and balances from the experience of the
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4077:"The Strengths of the Weakest Arm, Keynote address, Australian Bar Association Conference, Florence, 2 July 2004"
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Marshall J. (2013). Whig
Thought and the Revolution of 1688–91. In: Harris, T., & Taylor, S. (Eds.). (2015).
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and furthered the growth of democracy. Calvin aimed to protect the rights and the well-being of ordinary people.
3955:, Cambridge Studies in the Theory of Democracy Series, № 5 (Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 19–61 at 26,
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Arbitrary
Government Described and the Government of the Massachusetts Vindicated from that Aspersion (1644)
2014:
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3916:, trans. by Thomas Nugent, revised ed. (New York: Colonial Press, 1899), Book 11, s. 6, pp. 151–162 at 151.
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in North
America. Enjoying self-rule, they established a bipartite democratic system of government. The
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Montesquieu argues that each Power should only exercise its own functions. He was quite explicit here:
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The legislative function of the government broadly consists of authoritatively issuing binding rules.
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Stephen Holmes, "Lineages of the Rule of Law", in Adam
Przeworski & José María Maravall, eds.,
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Vile, M. J. (1967). The separation of powers. In: Greene, J. P., & Pole, J. R. (Eds.). (2008).
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3261:. Cambridge Companions to Law. Cambridge University Press. pp. 230‒257.
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of an eternal conflict, which leaves the people free from government abuses.
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its powers, since the power to appoint carries with it the power to revoke.
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An earlier forerunner to Montesquieu's tripartite system was articulated by
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6172:
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5488:
5081:
5046:
5020:
5000:
4953:
4764:
4719:
4603:
4507:
4497:
4462:
4432:
3551:
3085:. New Orleans/The Hague: Tulane University Press/Martinus Nijhoff.
2621:(1748), Montesquieu described the various forms of distribution of
2333:
1529:
1286:
1050:
987:
789:
749:
432:
417:
397:
266:
6209:
6122:
5010:
4978:
4968:
4739:
4699:
4532:
4457:
4442:
4422:
3313:
2786:
2519:
2426:
had similar constitutions – they all separated political powers.
704:
362:
2595:
4958:
4759:
4547:
4522:
4512:
4482:
4467:
3184:
The Three Branches: A Comparative Model of Separation of Powers
1206:
754:
696:
594:
4988:
4477:
4412:
3715:"The Rise and Fall of the "Doctrine" of Separation of Powers"
2309:
2308:, where he drew upon many of the constitutional forms in the
2605:
The term "tripartite system" is commonly ascribed to French
2590:
2347:
4983:
4407:
3893:
Polybius and the Founding Fathers: the separation of powers
3467:
Polybius and the Founding Fathers: the separation of powers
2530:
John Locke's legislative, executive, and federative powers
4552:
4447:
3842:
The Roman Republic in Montesquieu and Rousseau – Abstract
3506:
3494:
3259:
The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law
217:
3437:
Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe
213:
863:
principle functionally differentiates several types of
4158:
4146:
4048:
A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law
3990:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge U.P. pp. 112–13.
2751:
1886:
3541:, Third Edition (1960), Stuttgart (Germany), col. 210
2667:
the judge might behave with violence and oppression.
3252:
2375:. In this way, Calvin and his followers resisted
3588:, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., pp. 9–10
3453:Is the Federal Judiciary Independent of Congress?
6247:
4050:. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 49–64.
3257:. In Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.).
3162:"Separation of Powers in Thought and Practice?"
4095:
3807:
3648:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 249.
3105:Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers
16:Division of a state's government into branches
4368:
4189:
3966:
3945:
2275:
840:
212:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
4874:
3890:Lloyd, Marshall Davies (22 September 1998),
3815:"Esprit des lois (1777)/L11/C6 - Wikisource"
2952:
4810:
3912:Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu,
3760:. Princeton University Press. p. 133.
3314:LC Catalog - Item Information (Full Record)
885:
69:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4375:
4361:
4196:
4182:
2282:
2268:
847:
833:
2591:Montesquieu's separation of powers system
2348:Early modern concepts of mixed government
243:Learn how and when to remove this message
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
4382:
4203:
3751:
3586:History of Religion in the United States
3210:
2896:
2594:
2533:
2372:
2367:). Calvin appreciated the advantages of
2344:with the first government of this kind.
5958:Reflections on the Revolution in France
4164:
4152:
4140:
4127:
4104:"The Avalon Project: Federalist No. 51"
4034:
4032:
3754:"Institutional Roles, Legislative View"
3712:
3518:
3512:
3500:
3337:Principles of Representative Government
3250:
3178:
3156:
3083:The Meaning of the Separation of Powers
1839:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
6248:
4012:"The Avalon Project: Federalist No 48"
3674:A companion to the American Revolution
3641:
3301:Biblical Roots of Separation of Powers
3121:
2854:Executive (government) § Function
2693:
2382:In 1620 a group of English separatist
4356:
4177:
3889:
3861:
3839:
3793:
3487:
3456:, 70 Stan. L. Rev. Online 135 (2018).
3251:Möllers, Christoph (September 2019).
3124:"Prelude to the Separation of Powers"
1990:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1930:Spanish American wars of independence
203:too many or overly lengthy quotations
21:Separation of powers (disambiguation)
4038:
4029:
3981:
3550:
3482:
3391:Montesquieu and the Logic of Liberty
3321:The Invention of the Modern Republic
3099:
3080:
2914:
2857:
2808:
2458:
185:
137:
75:
34:
6068:The End of History and the Last Man
5978:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3803:. C. and J. Rivington. p. 215.
3602:. Histarch.uiuc.edu. Archived from
3597:
2752:Theories of division of state power
1759:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
879:) and requires these operations of
13:
3689:, Chapter 3. Boydell & Brewer.
3292:
3122:Barber, Nicholas W. (March 2001).
2700:Checks and Balances (organization)
2639:Constitution of the Roman Republic
2581:No taxation without representation
14:
6292:
4101:
3600:"Plymouth Colony Legal Structure"
3460:
3216:Comparative Constitutional Theory
2713:Constitution of the United States
2479:, written by the English general
715:Biology and political orientation
50:This article has multiple issues.
6281:Concepts in political philosophy
6038:The Open Society and Its Enemies
3865:Montesquieu's Political Writings
3840:Price, Sara (22 February 2011),
3676:, Ch. 87. John Wiley & Sons.
3624:Otto Heinrich von der Gablentz,
2918:
2861:
2812:
2251:
1779:Discourses Concerning Government
816:
190:
142:
80:
39:
4845:Family as a model for the state
4133:
4121:
4069:
4042:(2018). Scalia, Antonin (ed.).
4004:
3975:
3953:Democracy & the Rule of Law
3932:
3919:
3906:
3883:
3855:
3833:
3787:
3774:
3745:
3706:
3692:
3679:
3666:
2794:
2045:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
58:or discuss these issues on the
6195:Separation of church and state
6093:Collectivism and individualism
6048:The Origins of Totalitarianism
3635:
3618:
3591:
3578:
3544:
3527:
3254:"Separation of Powers (ch. 9)"
3053:Separation of church and state
2783:Legislature § Legislation
2776:
2507:and during the short reign of
1980:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1960:German Revolution of 1918–1919
710:Theories of political behavior
336:Political history of the world
1:
6271:Political science terminology
6235:Category:Political philosophy
6108:Critique of political economy
3366:Democracy and the Rule of Law
3340:(1995; English version 1997)
3074:
2988:Democracy and economic growth
2643:British constitutional system
2455:had no written constitution.
2310:city-states of Ancient Greece
725:Critique of political economy
6133:Institutional discrimination
6128:History of political thought
4860:Negative and positive rights
3584:Clifton E. Olmstead (1960),
3048:Rule according to higher law
2983:Corruption Perceptions Index
2847:
2511:(namely, during the 1680s).
2294:
2230:Republic without republicans
1975:11 September 1922 Revolution
1970:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
306:Outline of political science
7:
6143:Justification for the state
5928:Two Treatises of Government
3800:Two Treatises of Government
3630:Evangelisches Soziallexikon
3539:Evangelisches Soziallexikon
3318:Biancamaria Fontana (ed.),
3304:, Moscow, Letny Sad, 2005.
3224:10.4337/9781784719135.00009
3186:. Oxford University Press.
3107:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2960:
2736:similar forms of government
2551:Two Treatises of Government
1965:Turkish War of Independence
1887:
106:the claims made and adding
10:
6297:
4813:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2900:
2851:
2798:
2780:
2728:United States Constitution
2697:
2685:possess, a share in both.
2020:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
1769:The Commonwealth of Oceana
897:
311:Index of politics articles
25:
18:
6230:
6080:
5849:
5497:
5230:
5110:
5029:
4941:
4932:
4798:
4632:
4561:
4390:
4309:
4273:
4237:
4211:
4139:On this distinction, see
3713:Kurland, Phillip (1986).
3166:Boston College Law Review
3140:10.1017/S0008197301000629
3128:The Cambridge Law Journal
3081:Gwyn, William B. (1965).
2193:The Emperor's New Clothes
1945:5 October 1910 revolution
1940:French Revolution of 1848
963:Liberty as non-domination
157:toward certain viewpoints
6018:The Revolt of the Masses
4250:Civil service commission
3986:. In Reiss, Hans (ed.).
3477:
3359:José María Maravall and
2973:Constitutional economics
2489:English Council of State
2477:Instrument of Government
2408:Massachusetts Bay Colony
2035:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1995:1952 Egyptian revolution
973:Political representation
210:summarize the quotations
26:Not to be confused with
5998:The Communist Manifesto
4924:Tyranny of the majority
4835:Consent of the governed
3982:Kant, Immanuel (1971).
3752:Tuckness, Alex (2002).
3642:Galdia, Marcus (2009).
3626:Gewalt, Gewaltenteilung
2577:consent of the governed
2503:, in the late years of
2328:showed an example of a
2015:1969 Libyan coup d'état
1799:Discourse on Inequality
948:Consent of the governed
884:sometimes known as the
720:Political organisations
483:International relations
321:Politics by subdivision
4875:
4825:Clash of civilizations
4811:
3598:Fennell, Christopher.
3533:Quoted in Jan Weerda,
2968:Arm's length principle
2953:
2759:comparative government
2749:
2687:
2673:
2656:
2602:
2585:nondelegation doctrine
2573:
2541:
2436:Of Plymouth Plantation
886:
4840:Divine right of kings
4327:Judicial independence
4056:10.2307/j.ctvbj7jxv.6
3972:Przeworski 2003, p.13
3419:Macquarie Law Journal
3267:10.1017/9781316716731
3008:Judicial independence
2897:Proposed fourth types
2740:
2678:
2660:
2647:
2610:political philosopher
2598:
2568:
2537:
2518:, written in 1710 by
2183:Criticism of monarchy
2005:North Yemen civil war
1819:The Federalist Papers
1114:Federal parliamentary
800:Political campaigning
540:Public administration
373:Collective leadership
6256:Separation of powers
5988:Democracy in America
5367:political philosophy
5350:political philosophy
5165:political philosophy
4994:political philosophy
4904:Separation of powers
4865:Night-watchman state
4850:Monopoly on violence
4384:Political philosophy
4322:Separation of duties
4205:Separation of powers
3058:Separation of duties
2907:Constitutional court
2767:political philosophy
2390:(later known as the
2377:political absolutism
2168:Classical radicalism
1910:Republic of Florence
1849:Democracy in America
1008:Separation of powers
983:Public participation
861:separation of powers
650:Separation of powers
521:Political psychology
496:Comparative politics
474:political scientists
461:Academic disciplines
341:Political philosophy
19:For other uses, see
6178:Right-wing politics
6058:A Theory of Justice
6028:The Road to Serfdom
5948:The Social Contract
4655:Christian democracy
4238:Additional branches
4108:avalon.law.yale.edu
4016:avalon.law.yale.edu
3862:Schindler, Ronald,
3719:Michigan Law Review
3554:(4 December 2014).
3515:, pp. 459–460.
3503:, pp. 457–458.
3101:Vile, Maurice J. C.
2911:Election commission
2694:Checks and balances
2373:checks and balances
2258:Politics portal
2063:Antigua and Barbuda
2010:Zanzibar Revolution
1920:American Revolution
1809:The Social Contract
978:Popular sovereignty
823:Politics portal
672:Election commission
643:Government branches
526:Political sociology
378:Confessional system
316:Politics by country
163:improve the article
6261:Constitutional law
6190:Political violence
6185:Political theology
6168:Left-wing politics
6163:Political spectrum
3988:Political Writings
3940:The Spirit of Laws
3927:The Spirit of Laws
3914:The Spirit of Laws
3872:on 12 October 2013
3488:Citation footnotes
3180:Möllers, Christoph
3023:Pith and substance
2930:. You can help by
2873:. You can help by
2824:. You can help by
2771:constitutional law
2765:theories, both of
2761:); there are also
2721:Alexander Hamilton
2603:
2542:
2453:Kingdom of England
2384:Congregationalists
2342:Lycurgus of Sparta
2224:Primus inter pares
2040:Nepalese Civil War
2030:Iranian Revolution
2000:14 July Revolution
1955:Russian Revolution
1950:Chinese Revolution
1900:Republic of Venice
1749:Discourses on Livy
506:Political analysis
438:Semi-parliamentary
91:possibly contains
6266:Philosophy of law
6243:
6242:
6153:Philosophy of law
6098:Conflict theories
5938:The Spirit of Law
5845:
5844:
4894:Original position
4350:
4349:
4083:on 22 August 2023
3984:"Perpetual Peace"
3819:fr.wikisource.org
3645:Legal Linguistics
3483:Explanatory notes
3446:978-0-19-829730-7
3408:978-0-300-16808-2
3400:978-0-300-14125-2
3330:978-0-521-03376-3
3298:Peter Barenboim,
3276:978-1-107-16781-0
3233:978-1-78471-912-8
3160:(28 March 2013).
3063:Signing statement
3018:Philosophy of law
3003:Judicial activism
2978:Constitutionalism
2948:
2947:
2903:Government agency
2891:
2890:
2842:
2841:
2732:Federalist No. 51
2717:Federalist No. 78
2618:The Spirit of Law
2587:(2nd Tr., §142).
2465:English Civil War
2459:Tripartite system
2292:
2291:
2235:Republican empire
2208:List of republics
2057:National variants
1985:Spanish Civil War
1925:French Revolution
1905:Republic of Genoa
1789:The Spirit of Law
1722:Theoretical works
1066:Neo-republicanism
857:
856:
805:Political parties
745:Electoral systems
469:Political science
443:Semi-presidential
355:Political systems
331:Political history
326:Political economy
253:
252:
245:
235:
234:
184:
183:
136:
135:
128:
93:original research
73:
6288:
6158:Political ethics
6148:Machiavellianism
6088:Authoritarianism
6073:
6063:
6053:
6043:
6033:
6023:
6013:
6003:
5993:
5983:
5973:
5963:
5953:
5943:
5933:
5923:
5913:
5903:
5893:
5883:
5873:
5863:
4939:
4938:
4880:
4816:
4806:Balance of power
4780:Social democracy
4775:Social Darwinism
4750:Multiculturalism
4695:Environmentalism
4670:Communitarianism
4377:
4370:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4317:Fusion of powers
4212:Typical branches
4198:
4191:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4102:James, Madison.
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4079:. Archived from
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3964:
3949:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3929:, at pp. 151–52.
3923:
3917:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3868:, archived from
3859:
3853:
3852:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3639:
3633:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3606:on 29 April 2012
3595:
3589:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3548:
3542:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3450:Evan C. Zoldan,
3432:Alec Stone Sweet
3288:
3256:
3245:
3212:Saunders, Cheryl
3205:
3173:
3151:
3116:
3094:
2998:Fusion of powers
2956:
2943:
2940:
2922:
2915:
2886:
2883:
2865:
2858:
2837:
2834:
2816:
2809:
2485:The Protectorate
2473:House of Commons
2449:House of Commons
2431:William Bradford
2410:(founded 1628),
2365:mixed government
2330:mixed government
2284:
2277:
2270:
2256:
2255:
2240:Republican Party
2218:Peasant republic
2178:Communitarianism
1895:Classical Athens
1890:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1734:
968:Mixed government
902:
901:
892:fusion of powers
889:
849:
842:
835:
821:
820:
611:
556:
511:Political theory
501:Election science
491:
477:
255:
254:
248:
241:
230:
227:
221:
194:
193:
186:
179:
176:
170:
146:
145:
138:
131:
124:
120:
117:
111:
108:inline citations
84:
83:
76:
65:
43:
42:
35:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6226:
6215:Totalitarianism
6076:
6071:
6061:
6051:
6041:
6031:
6021:
6011:
6001:
5991:
5981:
5971:
5961:
5951:
5941:
5931:
5921:
5911:
5901:
5891:
5888:Treatise on Law
5881:
5871:
5861:
5841:
5499:
5493:
5232:
5226:
5112:
5106:
5025:
4928:
4914:State of nature
4909:Social contract
4889:Ordered liberty
4877:Noblesse oblige
4794:
4628:
4557:
4386:
4381:
4351:
4346:
4332:Judicial review
4305:
4269:
4233:
4207:
4202:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4040:Wood, Gordon S.
4037:
4030:
4020:
4018:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3950:
3946:
3937:
3933:
3924:
3920:
3911:
3907:
3898:
3896:
3888:
3884:
3875:
3873:
3860:
3856:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3750:
3746:
3731:10.2307/1288758
3711:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3684:
3680:
3671:
3667:
3656:
3640:
3636:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3596:
3592:
3583:
3579:
3568:
3549:
3545:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3463:
3361:Adam Przeworski
3334:Bernard Manin,
3295:
3293:Further reading
3277:
3234:
3194:
3158:Waldron, Jeremy
3077:
3072:
2963:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2928:needs expansion
2913:
2899:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2871:needs expansion
2856:
2850:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2822:needs expansion
2807:
2797:
2789:
2779:
2754:
2730:(specifically,
2703:
2696:
2623:political power
2593:
2554:(1690). In the
2532:
2501:the Restoration
2461:
2396:Plymouth Colony
2392:Pilgrim Fathers
2350:
2297:
2288:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2058:
2050:
2049:
1935:Trienio Liberal
1876:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1772:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1732:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1450:Flynn (Stephen)
1335:
1327:
1326:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1018:Social equality
1013:Social contract
1003:Self-governance
958:Democratization
933:Anti-corruption
928:Anti-monarchism
923:
907:Politics series
900:
867:power (usually
853:
815:
810:
809:
740:
739:
730:
729:
687:
686:
677:
676:
645:
644:
635:
634:
630:Public interest
615:Domestic policy
605:
598:
597:
586:
585:
550:
543:
542:
531:
530:
492:
485:
478:
471:
463:
462:
453:
452:
358:
357:
346:
345:
301:
300:
291:
260:Politics series
249:
238:
237:
236:
231:
225:
222:
216:or excerpts to
207:
195:
191:
180:
174:
171:
160:
147:
143:
132:
121:
115:
112:
97:
85:
81:
44:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6294:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6205:Social justice
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6113:Egalitarianism
6110:
6105:
6103:Contractualism
6100:
6095:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6064:
6054:
6044:
6034:
6024:
6014:
6004:
5994:
5984:
5974:
5964:
5954:
5944:
5934:
5924:
5914:
5904:
5894:
5884:
5874:
5864:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5116:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4899:Overton window
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4730:Libertarianism
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4296:United Kingdom
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4169:
4167:, p. 240.
4157:
4155:, p. 234.
4145:
4143:, p. 231.
4132:
4120:
4094:
4068:
4028:
4003:
3996:
3974:
3965:
3944:
3931:
3918:
3905:
3882:
3854:
3832:
3806:
3786:
3773:
3766:
3744:
3705:
3691:
3678:
3665:
3654:
3634:
3617:
3590:
3577:
3566:
3543:
3526:
3517:
3505:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3461:External links
3459:
3458:
3457:
3448:
3429:
3424:Iain Stewart,
3422:
3413:Iain Stewart,
3411:
3388:Paul A. Rahe,
3386:
3357:
3332:
3316:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3275:
3247:
3246:
3232:
3207:
3206:
3192:
3175:
3174:
3153:
3152:
3118:
3117:
3096:
3095:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3028:Politicization
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2954:pouvoir neutre
2946:
2945:
2925:
2923:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2868:
2866:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2819:
2817:
2805:Judgment (law)
2796:
2793:
2778:
2775:
2753:
2750:
2695:
2692:
2592:
2589:
2560:foreign policy
2531:
2528:
2493:Lord Protector
2469:House of Lords
2460:
2457:
2445:House of Lords
2349:
2346:
2314:Roman Republic
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Egalitarianism
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:Related topics
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2133:United Kingdom
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1915:Dutch Republic
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1883:
1881:Roman Republic
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:Wollstonecraft
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
910:
909:
899:
896:
887:trias politica
855:
854:
852:
851:
844:
837:
829:
826:
825:
812:
811:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
786:
785:
769:
764:
759:
758:
757:
747:
741:
737:
736:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
694:
688:
685:Related topics
684:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
652:
646:
642:
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
627:
622:
620:Foreign policy
617:
612:
599:
593:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
582:
581:
567:
562:
557:
544:
538:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
523:
518:
516:Policy studies
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
481:
479:
467:
464:
460:
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
359:
353:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
299:Primary topics
298:
297:
296:
293:
292:
290:
289:
284:
279:
273:
270:
269:
263:
262:
251:
250:
233:
232:
198:
196:
189:
182:
181:
150:
148:
141:
134:
133:
88:
86:
79:
74:
48:
47:
45:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6293:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6138:Jurisprudence
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5968:Rights of Man
5965:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5880:
5879:
5878:De re publica
5875:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5498:20th and 21st
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5231:18th and 19th
5229:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:Nizam al-Mulk
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:Republicanism
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4343:
4342:Unified power
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4301:United States
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:Fourth Estate
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4166:
4161:
4154:
4149:
4142:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4007:
3999:
3997:9781107268364
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3969:
3962:
3961:0-521-53266-3
3958:
3954:
3948:
3941:
3938:Montesquieu,
3935:
3928:
3925:Montesquieu,
3922:
3915:
3909:
3895:
3894:
3886:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3858:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3655:9783631594636
3651:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3567:9781137475053
3563:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3383:0-521-53266-3
3380:
3376:
3375:0-521-82559-8
3372:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:0-521-45891-9
3351:
3347:
3346:0-521-45258-9
3343:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3312:, Permalink:
3311:
3310:5-94381-123-0
3307:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3193:9780198738084
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3172:(2): 433–468.
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3068:Supermajority
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Reserve power
3036:
3034:
3033:Power sharing
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Fourth Estate
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2926:This section
2924:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2872:
2869:This section
2867:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2823:
2820:This section
2818:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2708:Immanuel Kant
2701:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:Enlightenment
2601:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:Two Treatises
2553:
2552:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:General Court
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:according to
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2150:United States
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Metapolitefsi
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1859:On Revolution
1856:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:Rights of Man
1826:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1739:De re publica
1736:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Jones (Lynne)
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Adams (Gerry)
1338:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:Revolutionary
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:Parliamentary
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
938:Civil society
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
919:
918:
915:
914:Republicanism
912:
911:
908:
904:
903:
895:
893:
888:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
828:
827:
824:
819:
814:
813:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
783:
779:
775:
774:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
756:
753:
752:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
734:
733:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
702:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
681:
680:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
651:
648:
647:
639:
638:
631:
628:
626:
625:Civil society
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
609:
604:
603:Public policy
601:
600:
596:
590:
589:
579:
575:
571:
570:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
554:
549:
546:
545:
541:
535:
534:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
489:
484:
480:
475:
470:
466:
465:
457:
456:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
423:Parliamentary
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
408:Hybrid regime
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
356:
350:
349:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
295:
294:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
272:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
257:
256:
247:
244:
229:
219:
215:
211:
205:
204:
199:This article
197:
188:
187:
178:
168:
164:
158:
156:
151:This article
149:
140:
139:
130:
127:
119:
109:
105:
101:
95:
94:
89:This article
87:
78:
77:
72:
70:
63:
62:
57:
56:
51:
46:
37:
36:
33:
29:
22:
6219:
6118:Elite theory
6066:
6056:
6046:
6036:
6026:
6016:
6006:
5996:
5986:
5976:
5966:
5956:
5946:
5936:
5926:
5916:
5906:
5896:
5886:
5876:
5866:
5856:
5155:Guicciardini
5111:Early modern
4934:Philosophers
4903:
4884:Open society
4820:Body politic
4690:Distributism
4680:Conservatism
4675:Confucianism
4594:Gerontocracy
4584:Dictatorship
4538:Sovereignty
4528:Ruling class
4418:Emancipation
4403:Citizenship
4337:Dual mandate
4204:
4165:Möllers 2019
4160:
4153:Möllers 2019
4148:
4141:Möllers 2019
4135:
4128:Möllers 2019
4123:
4111:. Retrieved
4107:
4097:
4085:. Retrieved
4081:the original
4071:
4059:. Retrieved
4047:
4019:. Retrieved
4015:
4006:
3987:
3977:
3968:
3952:
3947:
3942:, at p. 156.
3939:
3934:
3926:
3921:
3913:
3908:
3897:, retrieved
3892:
3885:
3874:, retrieved
3870:the original
3864:
3857:
3841:
3835:
3823:. Retrieved
3818:
3809:
3799:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3757:
3747:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3694:
3686:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3659:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3604:the original
3593:
3585:
3580:
3571:
3556:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3520:
3513:Waldron 2013
3508:
3501:Waldron 2013
3496:
3451:
3435:
3418:
3390:
3364:
3335:
3319:
3299:
3258:
3215:
3183:
3169:
3165:
3134:(1): 59–88.
3131:
3127:
3104:
3082:
3013:Legal reform
2949:
2936:
2932:adding to it
2927:
2892:
2879:
2875:adding to it
2870:
2843:
2830:
2826:adding to it
2821:
2801:Adjudication
2795:Adjudication
2790:
2755:
2745:
2741:
2725:
2704:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2616:
2604:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2555:
2549:
2548:in his work
2543:
2513:
2497:
2481:John Lambert
2462:
2434:
2428:
2424:Pennsylvania
2412:Rhode Island
2402:elected the
2381:
2351:
2337:
2318:Roman Senate
2304:
2298:
2222:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1540:Jones (Elin)
1445:Flynn (Paul)
1405:Clarke (Tom)
1400:Clark (Katy)
1345:Adams (John)
1166:Philosophers
1007:
943:Civic virtue
905:Part of the
873:adjudication
860:
858:
649:
553:street-level
428:Presidential
388:Dictatorship
258:Part of the
239:
223:
208:Please help
200:
172:
152:
122:
113:
90:
66:
59:
53:
52:Please help
49:
32:
6276:Montesquieu
5992:(1835–1840)
5872:(c. 350 BC)
5862:(c. 375 BC)
5479:Tocqueville
5444:Saint-Simon
5409:Montesquieu
5260:Bolingbroke
5192:Machiavelli
5072:Ibn Khaldun
5037:Alpharabius
5030:Middle Ages
4855:Natural law
4830:Common good
4755:Nationalism
4715:Imperialism
4685:Corporatism
4660:Colonialism
4640:Agrarianism
4619:Technocracy
4599:Meritocracy
4579:Bureaucracy
4569:Aristocracy
4265:Prosecutory
4224:Legislature
4061:12 December
3899:17 November
3876:19 November
3821:(in French)
3795:Locke, John
3784:, at p. 126
3043:Rule of Law
2777:Legislation
2627:legislature
2613:Montesquieu
2600:Montesquieu
2524:Pylyp Orlyk
2463:During the
2429:Books like
2416:Connecticut
2361:aristocracy
2353:John Calvin
2173:Common good
2113:New Zealand
2108:Netherlands
1853:(1835–1840)
1823:(1787–1788)
1733:(c. 375 BC)
1655:Robespierre
1430:Etherington
1365:Benn (Tony)
1334:Politicians
1312:Tocqueville
1272:Montesquieu
1252:Machiavelli
998:Rule of law
993:Res publica
692:Sovereignty
657:Legislature
560:Technocracy
548:Bureaucracy
413:Meritocracy
393:Directorial
6250:Categories
6200:Separatism
6008:On Liberty
5908:The Prince
5637:Huntington
5140:Campanella
5067:al-Ghazali
5016:Thucydides
4974:Lactantius
4919:Statolatry
4745:Monarchism
4725:Liberalism
4650:Capitalism
4633:Ideologies
4614:Plutocracy
4562:Government
4518:Revolution
4503:Propaganda
4453:Legitimacy
4428:Government
4274:By country
3780:Tuckness,
3767:0691095043
3725:(3): 595.
3632:, col. 420
3610:12 January
3421:187 (2004)
3285:1099539425
3075:References
2901:See also:
2852:See also:
2799:See also:
2781:See also:
2546:John Locke
2539:John Locke
2505:Charles II
2441:John Locke
2420:New Jersey
2394:) founded
2326:Assemblies
2213:Monarchism
2203:Liberalism
2198:Jacobinism
1888:Gaṇasaṅgha
1743:(54–51 BC)
1227:Harrington
1104:Democratic
1094:Capitalist
1089:Autonomous
1071:Venizelism
1056:Khomeinism
881:government
869:law-making
782:Governance
772:Government
767:Federalism
368:City-state
218:Wikisource
155:unbalanced
100:improve it
55:improve it
28:Separatism
5918:Leviathan
5898:Monarchia
5892:(c. 1274)
5727:Oakeshott
5672:Mansfield
5667:Luxemburg
5652:Kropotkin
5547:Bernstein
5500:centuries
5414:Nietzsche
5357:Jefferson
5285:Condorcet
5233:centuries
5212:Pufendorf
5077:Marsilius
4964:Confucius
4949:Aristotle
4942:Antiquity
4870:Noble lie
4790:Third Way
4785:Socialism
4710:Feudalism
4665:Communism
4645:Anarchism
4624:Theocracy
4609:Oligarchy
4589:Democracy
4574:Autocracy
4488:Pluralism
4473:Obedience
4438:Hierarchy
4398:Authority
4291:Singapore
4286:Hong Kong
4281:Australia
4260:Electoral
4229:Judiciary
4219:Executive
4087:22 August
4044:"Comment"
3552:Ward, Lee
3242:999482105
3202:818450015
3091:174573519
2939:July 2024
2882:July 2024
2848:Execution
2833:July 2024
2763:normative
2738:as well:
2635:judiciary
2631:executive
2520:Ukrainian
2400:"freemen"
2388:Anglicans
2369:democracy
2357:democracy
2338:Histories
2312:. In the
2300:Aristotle
2295:Antiquity
2068:Australia
1700:Venizelos
1690:Spadolini
1680:Slaughter
1625:McDonnell
1590:Mackenzie
1535:Jefferson
1490:Griffiths
1470:de Gaulle
1465:Garibaldi
1425:Drakeford
1317:Warburton
1237:Jefferson
1232:Honderich
1212:Condorcet
1099:Christian
1061:Nasserism
1036:Classical
953:Democracy
877:execution
762:Unitarism
750:Elections
738:Subseries
667:Judiciary
662:Executive
565:Adhocracy
448:Theocracy
403:Feudalism
383:Democracy
226:July 2024
214:Wikiquote
201:contains
175:July 2024
167:talk page
116:July 2024
104:verifying
61:talk page
6173:Centrism
5868:Politics
5858:Republic
5827:Voegelin
5807:Spengler
5792:Shariati
5767:Rothbard
5722:Nussbaum
5622:Habermas
5597:Fukuyama
5587:Foucault
5512:Ambedkar
5489:Voltaire
5459:de Staël
5434:Rousseau
5315:Franklin
5290:Constant
5250:Beccaria
5082:Muhammad
5062:Gelasius
5047:Averroes
5021:Xenophon
5001:Polybius
4954:Chanakya
4799:Concepts
4765:Populism
4735:Localism
4720:Islamism
4705:Feminism
4604:Monarchy
4508:Property
4498:Progress
4463:Monopoly
4433:Hegemony
4310:See also
4255:Auditory
4113:24 March
4021:28 March
3825:11 March
3797:(1824).
3182:(2013).
3103:(1967).
2961:See also
2641:and the
2633:, and a
2625:among a
2509:James II
2491:and the
2471:and the
2447:and the
2418:(1636),
2414:(1636),
2334:Polybius
2324:and the
2305:Politics
2138:Scotland
2078:Barbados
1729:Republic
1645:Prescott
1615:Naysmith
1605:McKechin
1565:La Malfa
1560:Khomeini
1520:Iorwerth
1485:Griffith
1460:Gambetta
1455:Galloway
1440:Ferguson
1420:Davidson
1415:Cromwell
1410:Connolly
1390:Campbell
1307:Sunstein
1292:Rousseau
1287:Polybius
1222:Franklin
1202:Chappell
1197:Cattaneo
1134:People's
1119:Imperial
1051:Kemalism
988:Republic
922:Concepts
790:Ideology
608:doctrine
569:Service
433:Republic
418:Monarchy
398:Federacy
287:Category
267:Politics
6210:Statism
6123:Elitism
6081:Related
5882:(51 BC)
5812:Strauss
5787:Scruton
5782:Schmitt
5772:Russell
5692:Michels
5687:Maurras
5682:Marcuse
5642:Kautsky
5612:Gramsci
5607:Gentile
5577:Dworkin
5567:Du Bois
5562:Dmowski
5557:Chomsky
5552:Burnham
5537:Benoist
5507:Agamben
5474:Thoreau
5464:Stirner
5454:Spencer
5399:Mazzini
5389:Maistre
5384:Madison
5379:Le Play
5310:Fourier
5275:Carlyle
5255:Bentham
5245:Bastiat
5240:Bakunin
5217:Spinoza
5207:Müntzer
5177:Leibniz
5150:Grotius
5130:Bossuet
5097:Plethon
5042:Aquinas
5011:Sun Tzu
4979:Mencius
4969:Han Fei
4740:Marxism
4700:Fascism
4533:Society
4458:Liberty
4443:Justice
4423:Freedom
3850:1766947
3739:1288758
3440:(2000)
3402:(hbk),
3394:(2009)
3377:(hbk),
3369:(2003)
3363:(eds),
3348:(hbk),
3324:(2007)
3148:4508751
2787:Statute
2522:Hetman
2322:Consuls
2103:Morocco
2093:Jamaica
2088:Ireland
2073:Bahamas
1875:History
1695:Taverne
1670:Skinner
1650:Ritchie
1595:Madison
1575:Lincoln
1525:Jackson
1515:Huppert
1510:Hopkins
1435:Fabiani
1395:Chapman
1380:Bolívar
1370:Bennett
1360:Bartley
1350:Atatürk
1262:Mazzini
1257:Madison
1187:Bentham
1177:Baggini
1144:Secular
1124:Islamic
1109:Federal
1046:Federal
1030:Schools
898:History
795:Culture
705:Country
363:Anarchy
277:Outline
161:Please
153:may be
98:Please
6072:(1992)
6062:(1971)
6052:(1951)
6042:(1945)
6032:(1944)
6022:(1929)
6012:(1859)
6002:(1848)
5982:(1820)
5972:(1791)
5962:(1790)
5952:(1762)
5942:(1748)
5932:(1689)
5922:(1651)
5912:(1532)
5902:(1313)
5832:Walzer
5822:Taylor
5777:Sartre
5742:Popper
5737:Pareto
5732:Ortega
5717:Nozick
5707:Mouffe
5657:Laclau
5617:Guénon
5602:Gandhi
5542:Berlin
5532:Bauman
5527:Badiou
5517:Arendt
5484:Tucker
5374:Le Bon
5335:Herder
5325:Haller
5320:Godwin
5305:Fichte
5300:Engels
5295:Cortés
5265:Bonald
5222:Suárez
5197:Milton
5187:Luther
5160:Hobbes
5145:Filmer
5135:Calvin
5120:Boétie
5113:period
5092:Ockham
4959:Cicero
4760:Nazism
4548:Utopia
4523:Rights
4513:Regime
4483:People
4468:Nation
3994:
3959:
3848:
3764:
3737:
3652:
3564:
3535:Calvin
3444:
3428:(2002)
3406:
3398:
3381:
3373:
3352:
3344:
3328:
3308:
3283:
3273:
3240:
3230:
3200:
3190:
3146:
3113:390050
3111:
3089:
2909:, and
2785:, and
2579:(cf. "
2422:, and
2316:, the
2128:Sweden
2118:Norway
2083:Canada
1863:(1963)
1843:(1794)
1833:(1791)
1813:(1762)
1803:(1755)
1793:(1748)
1783:(1698)
1773:(1656)
1763:(1649)
1753:(1531)
1705:Wilson
1675:Slater
1665:Skates
1620:Mannin
1610:Mullin
1585:Mackay
1550:Juárez
1505:Hébert
1500:Hatton
1495:Harvie
1385:Burgon
1302:Sidney
1297:Sandel
1282:Pettit
1207:Cicero
1172:Arendt
1154:Soviet
1149:Sister
1041:Modern
875:, and
755:voting
697:Polity
595:Policy
574:Public
488:theory
6221:Index
5850:Works
5837:Weber
5802:Spann
5797:Sorel
5762:Röpke
5757:Rawls
5712:Negri
5702:Mosca
5697:Mises
5662:Lenin
5632:Hoppe
5627:Hayek
5592:Fromm
5582:Evola
5572:Dugin
5469:Taine
5449:Smith
5429:Renan
5424:Paine
5345:Iqbal
5330:Hegel
5280:Comte
5270:Burke
5182:Locke
5172:James
5125:Bodin
5057:Dante
5052:Bruni
5006:Shang
4989:Plato
4543:State
4493:Power
4478:Peace
4413:Elite
4391:Terms
3735:JSTOR
3628:, In
3537:, in
3478:Notes
3410:(pbk)
3385:(pbk)
3356:(pbk)
3144:JSTOR
2715:. In
2629:, an
2571:them.
2143:Wales
2123:Spain
2098:Japan
1685:Smith
1660:Sayed
1640:Pound
1635:Nehru
1630:Nandy
1600:Magid
1580:Lucas
1570:Lewis
1480:Grévy
1475:Greer
1375:Black
1355:Azaña
1277:Paine
1247:Locke
1217:Crick
1192:Bodin
1182:Bello
1083:Types
865:state
778:forms
701:State
578:Civil
282:Index
5752:Rand
5747:Qutb
5647:Kirk
5522:Aron
5439:Sade
5419:Owen
5404:Mill
5394:Marx
5362:Kant
5340:Hume
5202:More
5102:Wang
4984:Mozi
4408:Duty
4115:2018
4089:2023
4063:2020
4023:2018
3992:ISBN
3957:ISBN
3901:2012
3878:2012
3846:SSRN
3827:2018
3762:ISBN
3650:ISBN
3612:2013
3562:ISBN
3442:ISBN
3404:ISBN
3396:ISBN
3379:ISBN
3371:ISBN
3350:ISBN
3342:ISBN
3326:ISBN
3306:ISBN
3281:OCLC
3271:ISBN
3238:OCLC
3228:ISBN
3198:OCLC
3188:ISBN
3109:OCLC
3087:OCLC
2803:and
2769:and
2386:and
2359:and
1710:Wood
1555:Kane
1267:Mill
1242:Kant
859:The
5817:Sun
5677:Mao
4553:War
4448:Law
4052:doi
3727:doi
3263:doi
3220:doi
3136:doi
2934:.
2877:.
2828:.
2433:'s
1530:Jay
102:by
6252::
4106:.
4046:.
4031:^
4014:.
3844:,
3817:.
3756:.
3733:.
3723:85
3721:.
3717:.
3658:.
3570:.
3434:,
3417:4
3279:.
3269:.
3236:.
3226:.
3196:.
3170:54
3168:.
3164:.
3142:.
3132:60
3130:.
3126:.
2905:,
2719:,
2526:.
2320:,
894:.
871:,
780:/
703:/
699:/
576:/
64:.
4376:e
4369:t
4362:v
4197:e
4190:t
4183:v
4117:.
4091:.
4065:.
4054::
4025:.
4000:.
3963:.
3829:.
3770:.
3741:.
3729::
3702:.
3661:.
3614:.
3287:.
3265::
3244:.
3222::
3204:.
3150:.
3138::
3115:.
3093:.
2941:)
2937:(
2884:)
2880:(
2835:)
2831:(
2702:.
2363:(
2336:(
2283:e
2276:t
2269:v
848:e
841:t
834:v
784:)
776:(
610:)
606:(
580:)
572:(
555:)
551:(
490:)
486:(
476:)
472:(
246:)
240:(
228:)
224:(
220:.
206:.
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173:(
169:.
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129:)
123:(
118:)
114:(
96:.
71:)
67:(
30:.
23:.
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