300:
40:
455:
372:, the fighting style is mostly characterized by the use of a cudgel, or knobbed stick, which is grabbed by the third of the handle end, the lower part protecting the elbow and allowing the user to maintain an offensive as well as defensive guard. This grip also allows launching fast punching-like strikes.
383:
techniques. This theory has been criticized, including for its lack of primary source material. Although fencing instruction and manuals existed at the time and were available in
Ireland and abroad, with one of them illustrating bataireacht among wrestling, boxing and fencing the two systems are in
387:
By the 18th century, stick fighting became increasingly associated with Irish gangs called "factions". Irish faction fights involved large groups engaging in melees at county fairs, weddings, funerals and other gatherings. Historians, such as
Carolyn Conley, believe that this possibly reflected a
327:
to maintain structural integrity, and the stick also has an iron ferrule fitted onto its narrow end. Shillelaghs may also have a heavy knob for a handle which can be used for striking. Shillelaghs may also have a strap attached, similar to commercially made walking sticks, to place around the
353:, to shorter spears and wattles, to the shillelagh, alpeen, blackthorn (walking-stick) and short cudgel. By the 19th century Irish shillelagh-fighting had evolved into a practice which involved the use of three basic types of weapons, sticks which were long, medium or short in length.
348:
Methods of shillelagh fighting have evolved over a period of thousands of years, from the spear, staff, axe and sword fighting of the Irish. There is some evidence which suggests that the use of Irish stick weapons may have evolved in a progression from a reliance on long spears and
307:
They are commonly the length of a walking stick (distance from the floor to one's wrist with elbow slightly bent), or rather longer, about 4 or 5 feet (1.2 or 1.5 m), as opposed to the walking stick measuring about 3 feet (0.91 m). In the broad sense, the
Shillealagh
434:", in which references are made to fashioning a shillelagh ("I cut a stout blackthorn"), and using it ("shillalah") to hold a tied bag over one's shoulder, and using it as a striking weapon ("me shillelagh I let fly").
416:" occurs the phrase "Shillelagh law did all engage", signifying that a brawl has broken out; "shillelagh law" itself has been explained as meaning the accepted rule governing the usage of the weapon.
515:
popularised the shillelagh as a rallying call, by using terms like "Shillelagh Power" to describe late-game heroics by the Padres. The success of the phrase led the San Diego Padres store to carry
320:
Shillelaghs may be hollowed at the heavy "hitting" end and filled with molten lead to increase the weight beyond the typical two pounds; this sort of shillelagh is known as a 'loaded stick'.
1345:
396:'s "Irish Peasants: Violence & Political Unrest, 1780". By the early 19th century, these gangs had organised into larger regional federations, which coalesced from the old
375:
Some authors have argued that prior to the 19th century, the term "bataireacht" had been used to refer to a form of stick-fencing used to train Irish soldiers in
1081:""Against Shameless and Systematic Calumny": Strategies of Domination and Resistance and Their Impact on the Bodies of the Poor in Nineteenth-Century Ireland"
336:
The shillelagh was originally used for settling disputes in a gentlemanly manner — like a duel with pistols or swords. Modern practitioners of this form of
596:
312:
or sticks could include short mallets only 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m) in length to long poles measuring 6 to 9 feet (1.8 to 2.7 m) in length.
1394:
260:
Both of the previous methods would be finished with oils or sealants, etc. A further coat of special soot finish may be applied, or a mixture of
246:
Most commonly, the chosen wood would be placed up a chimney to cure for a duration of several months to several years; the accumulated layer of
1354:, p. 208, Officers of the Irish Guards are given shillelaghs upon graduation - just like Irish Regiments of the British Army in the past.
1599:
1376:
1896:
462:
The shillelagh came to be regarded as a stereotypical symbol of
Irishness in popular culture, particularly in an Irish-American context.
388:
culture of recreational violence. It is also argued that faction fighting had class and political overtones, as depicted in the works of
364:
term sometimes given as referring to "cudgelling" or "beating with a club", refers to a category of stick-fighting in
Ireland, with the
257:. The stick may require protection from its dung bath by being wrapped in well-greased oiled brown paper (steeped in hog's lard or oil).
1915:
423:" was written by Pat White and recorded by him in 1927. Its subject is a young Irish-American who inherits his father's shillelagh.
384:
practice substantially different, namely in the active use of the buta, a part of the stick with no equivalent in
European swords.
1508:
466:
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Wood from the root was prized since this would be used for the knob, and was less prone to crack or break during use.
1874:
1848:
1656:
1216:
482:
264:
and grease rubbed on with woolen cloth to a polishing finish. Some examples may just be given a coat of black paint.
92:
404:, the Caravat and Shanavest "war" erupted sporadically throughout the 19th century and caused several disturbances.
1972:
1890:. Bar na chur acclodh le Seumas Guerin, an bhiadhain dloir an tiaghurna. p. 145 – via books.google.com.
275:, would pull moisture from the shank with little warping. One isolated case of this brining method being used, by
231:) or oak. With the scarcity of oak in Ireland the term came increasingly to denote a blackthorn stick, and indeed
420:
1208:
556:, 'shillelagh' is a low-level spell used by casters to make simple clubs into powerful bludgeoning weapons.
2045:
486:
201:
have written that the name may have derived from the wood being sourced from forest land in the village or
474:
31:
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17:
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The stick may be smeared with butter before being hung in the chimney, as a preparatory step.
393:
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677:
299:
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1611:
1510:
The stick is king: The
Shillelagh Bata or the rediscovery of a living Irish martial tradition
1497:
822:, "shillelagh (n.)": "1772, "cudgel," earlier, "oak wood used to make cudgels" (1670s), from
552:
512:
1455:
1403:, p. 208, More recently, the MGM-51 antitank missile was baptized as the "Shillelagh".
802:, "shillelagh": "Etymology: the name of a barony and village in Co. Wicklow 1785 F. Grose
1978:
478:
431:
198:
1413:
793:
8:
1787:
1648:
547:
440:
wrote a song entitled "The Twig of
Shelaly", later reprinted as "The Twig of Shillelah".
412:
Shillelaghs are sometimes referred to in a similar context in folk songs. In the ballad "
272:
206:
2004:
1919:
279:'s uncle named Hugh, has been documented. Hugh Brontë is said to have rubbed train oil (
276:
1672:
1517:
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524:
413:
1946:
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619:
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350:
254:
1525:
680:), though the alpeen may be longer or heavier, and be knobbed in the minds of some (
430:", where the recruiters are struck with a shillelagh, and in the 19th-century song "
1479:
1108:
1092:
705:
520:
508:
389:
202:
54:
1544:
813:
810:, an oaken sapling, or cudgel, (Irish) from wood of that name famous for its oaks"
1812:
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1202:
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284:
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159:
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129:
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Veiled
Prophet Parade and Ball § Notable VP Parade incidents and activities
1925:
1461:
1096:
693:
584:
581:, a similar club associated with Southern Africa and World War I British troops
493:
481:. Officers and senior non-commissioned officers of the 69th Infantry Regiment (
427:
361:
337:
271:, where the shank was placed into a basin of saltwater. The saltwater, being a
125:
116:
102:
550:
were named for the club and had representative nose art. In the tabletop game
2019:
1744:
1556:
1493:
1104:
1080:
181:
121:
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569:
504:
470:
341:
1499:
Will. Carleton's "Dandy Pat" Songster: Being a Choice
Collection of Songs
681:
573:
532:
443:
1571:
469:
have traditionally carried Blackthorn sticks, including officers of the
1858:
1832:
1048:
701:
590:
578:
516:
497:
376:
253:
The less frequent methods were to bury the shank in a dung pile, or in
224:
128:
stick with a large knob at the top. It is associated with Ireland and
39:
542:
A number of items take their name from the shillelagh, including the
397:
280:
454:
446:
recorded a song entitled "Two Shillelagh O'Sullivan" in the 1950s.
261:
1431:
1414:"P-51B/D Profile – "The Shillelagh" - 357th Fighter Group Profile"
676:
There is only a vague distinction between shillelagh and alpeen (
401:
324:
268:
1867:
Songs of England, Ireland, and Scotland: A Bonnie Bunch of Roses
1841:
Songs of England, Ireland, and Scotland: A Bonnie Bunch of Roses
1632:
The Pride of Albion. A Collection of New and Pleasing Songs, Etc
1770:
Symbolism in Terrorism: Motivation, Communication, and Behavior
826:, town and barony in Co. Wicklow, Ireland, famous for its oaks"
288:
190:
meaning "thong", "strap", "leash", and "string", among others.
1897:"Bataireacht: The ancient Irish martial art making a comeback"
1285:
1249:
565:
380:
1050:
Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla / An Irish-English Dictionary
247:
84:
75:
69:
2005:"Irish stick-fighting popularity grows but not in Ireland"
1204:
Irish Peasants: Violence & Political Unrest, 1780–1914
951:
898:
896:
771:
769:
767:
765:
340:
study the use of the shillelagh for self-defence and as a
323:
This loaded type needed to have its knob fitted with iron
57:
1957:
1645:
A Dictionary of Hiberno-English: The Irish Use of English
1273:
1060:
799:
60:
1457:
Dublin's Strangest Tales: Extraordinary but true stories
1164:
970:
968:
966:
400:, into the Caravat and Shanavest factions. Beginning in
250:
gave the shillelagh its typical black shiny appearance.
1921:
The Brontës in Ireland: Or, Facts Stranger Than Fiction
1309:
1297:
1129:
908:
893:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
762:
1971:
1750:
Plantcraft: a guide to the everyday use of wild plants
1437:
1200:
1056:. Dublin: Irish Texts Society – via celt.ucc.ie.
859:
857:
663:
or "lead-headed cudgel"), and are the size of smaller
1965:
Oxford English Dictionary (Second Edition, Volume 15)
1225:
1028:
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992:
980:
963:
939:
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anti-tank missile. Also, a number of aircraft of the
93:
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829:
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738:
81:
72:
66:
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854:
750:
368:sometimes used in such fights. Also referred to as
344:. Of the practice, researcher J. W. Hurley writes:
63:
1958:
1321:
655:These loaded versions are called by such names as
593:, a knife worn as part of Scottish Highland attire
235:is sometimes glossed as equivalent to shillelagh.
120:, "thonged willow") is a wooden walking stick and
1357:
1261:
1078:
726:
303:Oaken shillelaghs in various stages of completion
2017:
527:is the trophy given to the winner of the annual
615:The Irish Factions Fighters of the 19th Century
209:. The geographic name Shillelagh derives from
1173:The Irish Faction Fighters of the 19th Century
1894:
1857:
1831:
1600:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1291:
1255:
1170:
1066:
608:
1945:
819:
1932:
1883:
1179:
1135:
914:
500:with a shillelagh, as does the logo of the
467:Irish regiments in the British Armed Forces
210:
185:
175:
169:
163:
110:
1079:Geber, Jonny; O’Donnabhain, Barra (2020).
1977:. Dungeons & Dragons (5th ed.).
1694:Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry
1542:
1506:
1488:. Vol. 1. George Routledge and Sons.
1377:"Jeweled Shillelagh (USC vs. Notre Dame)"
1201:Clark, Samuel; James S. Donnelly (1983).
1147:
1112:
945:
848:
533:University of Southern California Trojans
489:also carry shillelaghs whilst on parade.
215:, or "Descendants of Éalach" in English.
1767:
1492:
1478:
1400:
1351:
1279:
902:
453:
407:
298:
223:Shillelaghs are traditionally made from
38:
1726:Warehouse Eyes: the Albums of Bob Dylan
1585:
1485:Ireland: its scenery, character, &c
1231:
1046:
537:University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish
241:
27:Wooden walking stick and club or cudgel
14:
2018:
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587:, a similar club common in East Africa
291:blood to give it a darker appearance.
1743:
1722:
1665:
1638:
1616:Mirth and metre: consisting of poems
1555:
1453:
1363:
1267:
1148:Chouinard, Maxime (3 February 2015).
1072:
1022:
887:
863:
756:
732:
124:, typically made from a stout knotty
115:
1705:Shillelagh: The Irish fighting stick
1687:
1668:"Green Camouflage and Purple Hearts"
775:
519:shillelaghs. Similarly, in American
1588:"James Joyce: Here Comes Everyword"
1565:. Kilkenny Press. pp. 397–399.
1549:HEMA MISFITS (I don't do longsword)
24:
1817:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1025:, pp. 5–6: "ailpeen, alpeen".
602:
25:
2057:
1997:
1543:Chouinard, Maxime (9 June 2014).
1047:Dinneen, Patrick S., ed. (1904).
507:team in Australia. In San Diego,
135:Other spelling variants include
53:
1639:Dolan, Terence Patrick (2006).
1406:
1369:
1194:
1150:"What is Irish stick fighting?"
1141:
1040:
670:
649:
640:
449:
426:The anti-recruiting folk song "
218:
174:means "willow" or "cudgel" and
1953:. Online Etymology Dictionary.
1171:O'Donnell, Patrick D. (1975).
800:Oxford English Dictionary 1989
13:
1:
1887:An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge
1814:Annotations to Finnegans wake
1666:Feuer, Alan (18 March 2005).
1209:University of Wisconsin Press
804:Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue
715:
294:
1935:"How black is a blackthorn?"
1772:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1562:A Treasury of Irish Folklore
633:
487:New York Army National Guard
421:It's the Same Old Shillelagh
150:
7:
1768:Matusitz, Jonathan (2014).
1618:Vernor, Hood, & Sharpe.
1572:"Two Shillelagh O'Sullivan"
1438:Dungeons & Dragons 2014
1190:. Thomas Hurst. p. 62.
559:
315:
193:As an alternate etymology,
162:of the Irish (Gaelic) form
155:The name shillelagh is the
32:Shillelagh (disambiguation)
10:
2062:
1863:"The Rocky Road to Dublin"
1507:Chouinard, Maxime (2007),
1446:
1097:10.1007/s41636-019-00219-2
708:", "club", "heavy stick".
438:Charles Dibdin the younger
331:
207:Shillelagh, County Wicklow
29:
1895:O'Connell, Ronan (2022).
1729:. Lulu.com. p. 248.
1292:Milner & Kaplan 1983b
1256:Milner & Kaplan 1983a
568:, fighting sticks in the
1861:; Kaplan, Paul (1983b).
1835:; Kaplan, Paul (1983a).
1702:Hurley, John W. (2007).
720:
700:) is glossed as. "thick
610:O'Donnell, Patrick Denis
1933:Y. (24 February 2000).
1884:O'Begly, Conor (1732).
1811:McHugh, Roland (1991).
1628:"The Twig of Shillelah"
1454:Barry, Michael (2013).
1186:Walker, Donald (1840).
465:Members of a number of
117:[ˌsˠal̠ʲˈeːlʲə]
1502:. Dick and Fitzgerald.
1085:Historical Archaeology
697:
661:smachtín ceann luaidhe
553:Dungeons & Dragons
459:
458:The Jeweled Shillelagh
394:James S. Donnelly, Jr.
355:
304:
211:
186:
176:
170:
164:
111:
106:
44:
1723:James, Peter (2006).
1612:"The Twig of Shelaly"
1570:Crosby, Bing (1952).
457:
408:Folklore and balladry
346:
302:
283:) on the stick using
42:
1979:Wizards of the Coast
1869:. Oak Publications.
1843:. Oak Publications.
1649:Gill & Macmillan
1586:Crowley, T. (1996).
960:, pp. 144, 157.
479:Royal Dragoon Guards
475:Royal Irish Regiment
432:Rocky Road to Dublin
242:Curing and polishing
199:Patrick Weston Joyce
43:Assorted shillelaghs
30:For other uses, see
2046:Fashion accessories
1188:Defensive Exercises
778:, p. 426 note.
678:Diarmaid Ó Muirithe
548:357th Fighter Group
273:hypertonic solution
1793:The Fighting Irish
1753:. Universe Books.
1673:The New York Times
1592:Manchester Memoirs
525:Jeweled Shillelagh
460:
419:The novelty song "
305:
45:
2031:Primitive weapons
2011:. 3 October 2011.
1988:978-0-7869-6560-1
1974:Player's Handbook
1824:978-0-8018-4190-3
1803:978-0-85632-007-1
1796:. Leslie Frewin.
1779:978-1-4422-3579-3
1760:978-0-8018-4190-3
1736:978-1-4116-8084-5
1715:978-1-4303-2570-3
1708:. Caravat Press.
1480:Carleton, William
1471:978-1-909396-44-9
1418:toflyandfight.com
1318:, pp. 12–87.
1306:, pp. 85–87.
1294:, pp. 58–59.
1282:, pp. 59–63.
1258:, pp. 87–88.
1152:. Hemamisfits.com
625:978-0-900068-36-2
544:MGM-51 Shillelagh
502:Brisbane Brothers
483:The Fighting 69th
16:(Redirected from
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390:William Carleton
328:holder's wrist.
277:Charlotte Brontë
267:Rarer still was
233:blackthorn stick
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605:
603:Further reading
562:
496:logo depicts a
492:In sports, the
452:
414:Finnegan's Wake
410:
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285:chamois leather
244:
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2026:Clubs (weapon)
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2013:
1999:
1998:External links
1996:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1969:
1955:
1951:etymonline.com
1943:
1930:
1926:Pavilion Books
1912:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1855:
1849:
1829:
1823:
1808:
1802:
1784:
1778:
1765:
1759:
1745:Mabey, Richard
1741:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1699:
1685:
1663:
1657:
1636:
1624:Dibdin, C. Jr.
1620:
1608:Dibdin, C. Jr.
1604:
1583:
1567:
1557:Colum, Padraic
1553:
1540:
1504:
1494:Carleton, Will
1490:
1476:
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1462:Pavilion Books
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1178:
1175:. Anvil Press.
1163:
1140:
1128:
1091:(1): 160–183.
1071:
1067:O'Connell 2022
1059:
1039:
1037:, p. 347.
1027:
1015:
1013:, p. 131.
1003:
1001:, p. 153.
991:
989:, p. 145.
979:
977:, p. 148.
962:
950:
946:Chouinard 2014
938:
919:
907:
905:, p. 142.
892:
880:
878:, p. 361.
868:
866:, p. 397.
853:
849:Chouinard 2007
828:
812:
792:
790:, p. 119.
780:
761:
759:, p. 209.
749:
747:, p. 121.
737:
724:
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669:
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604:
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599:
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588:
585:Rungu (weapon)
582:
576:
561:
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494:Boston Celtics
451:
448:
428:Arthur McBride
409:
406:
362:Irish language
338:stick-fighting
333:
330:
317:
314:
296:
293:
287:, and applied
243:
240:
229:Prunus spinosa
220:
217:
152:
149:
130:Irish folklore
122:club or cudgel
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1564:
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1545:"Shillelaghs"
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1401:Matusitz 2014
1397:
1382:
1381:USC Athletics
1378:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1352:Matusitz 2014
1348:
1342:, p. 15.
1341:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1280:Carleton 1866
1276:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1246:, p. 11.
1245:
1240:
1234:, p. 75.
1233:
1228:
1220:
1218:0-299-09374-3
1214:
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1206:
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1197:
1189:
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947:
942:
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931:
926:
924:
916:
911:
904:
903:Carleton 1877
899:
897:
890:, p. 43.
889:
884:
877:
872:
865:
860:
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843:
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227:(sloe) wood (
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112:saill éalaigh
108:
104:
100:
99:
89:
50:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2008:
1973:
1964:
1960:"Shillelagh"
1950:
1947:"Shillelagh"
1938:
1920:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:
1886:
1866:
1840:
1813:
1792:
1788:McCann, Sean
1769:
1749:
1725:
1704:
1693:
1677:. Retrieved
1671:
1644:
1641:"shillelagh"
1634:. T. Hughes.
1631:
1615:
1595:
1591:
1575:. Retrieved
1561:
1548:
1533:, retrieved
1526:the original
1509:
1498:
1484:
1456:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1232:Crowley 1996
1227:
1203:
1196:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1143:
1136:O'Begly 1732
1131:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1062:
1049:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
953:
941:
910:
883:
871:
823:
815:
807:
803:
795:
783:
752:
740:
735:, p. 9.
728:
689:
685:
672:
664:
660:
656:
651:
642:
614:
551:
541:
531:between the
529:rivalry game
511:broadcaster
505:Rugby league
491:
471:Irish Guards
464:
461:
450:Modern usage
442:
436:
425:
418:
411:
386:
374:
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347:
335:
322:
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309:
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266:
259:
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232:
228:
222:
219:Construction
212:Síol Éalaigh
192:
154:
144:
140:
136:
134:
48:
46:
36:
1906:10 November
1901:www.bbc.com
1859:Milner, Dan
1833:Milner, Dan
1689:Hall, S. C.
1340:Hurley 2007
1328:Crosby 1952
1316:Dibdin 1810
1304:Dibdin 1807
1244:Hurley 2007
1035:Hurley 2007
1011:Hurley 2007
999:McCann 1972
987:Hurley 2007
975:Hurley 2007
958:Hurley 2007
932:, pp.
930:Wright 1893
876:McHugh 1991
788:Hurley 2007
745:Hurley 2007
682:P. W. Joyce
574:Philippines
570:martial art
444:Bing Crosby
358:Bataireacht
342:martial art
255:slaked lime
2020:Categories
1423:25 January
1386:11 October
1364:Feuer 2005
1268:James 2006
1023:Dolan 2006
888:Mabey 1978
864:Colum 1988
824:Shillelagh
757:Dolan 2006
733:Barry 2013
716:References
702:alpenstock
591:Sgian-dubh
579:Knobkerrie
517:inflatable
513:Mark Grant
498:leprechaun
377:broadsword
366:shillelagh
295:Dimensions
262:black lead
225:blackthorn
165:sail éille
160:corruption
126:blackthorn
107:sail éille
49:shillelagh
1679:6 October
1522:194134006
1105:2328-1103
808:Shillaley
776:Hall 1841
634:Footnotes
485:) of the
398:Whiteboys
281:whale oil
151:Etymology
141:shillalah
137:shillelah
18:Shillalah
2009:BBC News
1981:. 2014.
1918:(1893).
1790:(1972).
1747:(1978).
1691:(1841).
1626:(1810).
1610:(1807).
1559:(1988).
1496:(1866).
1482:(1877).
1123:32116407
706:ashplant
657:smachtín
612:(1975).
560:See also
535:and the
477:and the
325:ferrules
316:Fittings
182:genitive
168:, where
145:shillaly
1577:19 July
1447:Sources
1114:7012797
934:283–285
690:ailpeen
572:of the
402:Munster
370:boiscín
351:wattles
332:History
269:brining
1985:
1873:
1847:
1821:
1800:
1776:
1757:
1733:
1712:
1655:
1535:5 July
1520:
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1156:1 July
1121:
1111:
1103:
698:ailpín
686:alpeen
684:). An
665:ailpín
622:
509:Padres
473:, the
289:magpie
203:barony
143:, and
1529:(PDF)
1518:S2CID
1514:(PDF)
1054:(PDF)
721:Notes
694:Irish
566:Arnis
381:sabre
360:, an
177:éille
103:Irish
94:shil-
1983:ISBN
1908:2023
1871:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1710:ISBN
1681:2008
1653:ISBN
1579:2020
1537:2011
1466:ISBN
1425:2024
1388:2023
1213:ISBN
1158:2015
1119:PMID
1101:ISSN
704:", "
620:ISBN
523:, a
392:and
379:and
310:bata
248:soot
197:and
187:iall
184:for
171:sail
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1109:PMC
1093:doi
688:or
205:of
180:is
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