363:"Fragile families" are usually caused by an unintended pregnancy out of wedlock. Usually in this situation the father is not completely in the picture and the relationship between the mother, father, and child is consistently unstable. As well as instability, "fragile families" are often limited in resources such as human capital and money. The kids that come from these families are more likely to be hindered within school and don't succeed as well as kids who have strictly single parents or two parent homes. Usually within these families the father plans to stick around and help raise the child but once the child is born the fathers do not stay for much longer and only one third stay after five years of the child's birth. Most of these fragile families come from low economic status to begin with and the cycle appears to continue; once the child grows up they are just as likely to still be poor. Most fragile families end with the mother becoming a single parent, leaving it even more difficult to come out of the poverty cycle. The gender of the baby seems to have no effect if the father is not living with the mother at the time of the birth, meaning they are still likely to leave after one year of the child's birth. Yet there is some evidence that suggests that if the father is living with the mother at the time of the birth he is more likely to stay after one year if the child is a son rather than a daughter.
228:
depression, anxiety, and other poor mental health outcomes. Researchers
Copeland and Snyder (2011) addressed the barriers low-income single mothers have on receiving mental health care, "Visible barriers often include the lack of community resources, transportation, child care, convenient hours, and financial resources." Meanwhile, low-income single mothers are more likely to bring their children in for mental health treatment than themselves. Researchers Copeland and Snyder analyzed sixty-four African American mothers who brought their children in for mental health treatment. These mothers were then screened for mild, moderate, and severe depression and/or anxiety. After three months the researchers used an ethnographic interview to address whether or not the participants used mental health services that were referred to them. Results indicated that the majority of the participants did not use the referred mental health care services for reasons that included: fear of losing their children, being hospitalized and/or stigmatized by their community counterparts.
503:. As of 2012, 39% of children living in South Africa lived with their biological mother and not their father, and 4% lived with their biological father but not their mother. In South African academic literature, single mothers are studied as a part of the "female headed household" demographic. Colloquially, the term "single-parent household" or "single mother" is more widely used. The perception of single mothers within South African society varies depending on the cause of their situation. Women whose husbands died are not typically judged in the same way as divorced, separated, or unmarried women. Within South African media, the idea that unmarried women may seek to become pregnant in order to access
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388:
when asked about fears, a high proportion of children feared illness or injury to the parent. When asked about happiness, half of the children talked about outings with their single adoptive parent. A single person wanting to adopt a child has to be mindful of the challenges they may face, and there are certain agencies that will not work with single adoptive parents at all. Single parents will typically only have their own income to live off of, and thus might not have a backup plan for potential children in case something happens to them. Traveling is also made more complex, as the child must either be left in someone else's care, or taken along.
283:
541:
520:, about 1 out of 4 families with dependent children are single-parent families, 8 to 11 percent of which have a male single-parent. UK poverty figures show that 52% of single parent families are below the Government-defined poverty line (after housing costs). Single parents in the UK are almost twice as likely to be in low-paid jobs as other workers (39% of working single parents compared with 21% of working people nationally). This is highlighted in a report published by Gingerbread, funded by Trust for London and Barrow Cadbury Trust.
380:
619:
583:, the percentage of children living in families with two parents decreased from 88 to 69 between 1960 and 2016. Of those 50.7 million children living in families with two parents, 47.7 million live with two married parents and 3.0 million live with two unmarried parents. The percentage of children living with single parents increased substantially in the United States during the second half of the 20th century. According to a 2013
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parent adoptions. During the mid 19th century many state welfare officials made it difficult if not impossible for single persons to adopt, as agencies searched for married heterosexual couples. In 1965, the Los
Angeles Bureau of Adoptions sought single African-Americans for African-American orphans for whom married families could not be found. In 1968, the
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all involved parties' schedules and activities, and this is far less common. After a certain "crisis period," most children resume normal development; however, their future relationships are often affected, as they lack a model upon which to base a healthy long-term relationship. Nonetheless, as adults children of divorcees cope better with change.
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and 36% among the different OECD countries. It was highest in
Belgium (17%), Iceland (19%), Slovenia (20%), France (22%), Norway (23%) and Sweden (36%), while it was lowest in Lithuania (4%), Ireland (5%), Poland (5%), Estonia (7%), Austria (7%) and the United Kingdom (8%). It was 15% in the United States.
508:
South
African women who gave birth to children with disabilities were often rejected and left by their partners, their partner's family, and their own family. This is due to stigma disabilities have carried in South African society and the blame placed upon the women for having a child with a disability.
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has reported that children of single parents, after controlling for other variables like family income, are more likely to have problems, including being twice as likely to suffer from mental illness. Both
British and American researchers show that children with no fathers are three times more likely
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Studies from the 1970s showed that single mothers who are not financially stable are more likely to experience depression. In a more current study it was proven that financial strain was directly correlated with high levels of depression. Among low-income single mothers, depressive symptoms may be as
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arrangement where they spend an approximately equal amount of time with their two parents. Among those living primarily with one single parent, most live with their mother. In 2016 (or latest year available), the proportion of 6-12 year olds living primarily with their single father ranged between 5%
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is a common one. To avoid social stigma, the families of unmarried women with children will often raise the child(ren) as their own. It is especially common for the child to be raised as a sibling of their mother. However, this is not the case when the child has a disability. A 2023 study found that
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countries in 2011, the proportion of single-parent households was in 3-11% the range, with an average of 7.5%. It was highest in
Australia (10%), Canada (10%), Mexico (10%), United States (10%), Lithuania (10%), Costa Rica (11%), Latvia (11%) and New Zealand (11%), while it was lowest in Japan (3%),
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Single parent adoptions have existed since the mid 19th century. Men were rarely considered as adoptive parents, and were considered far less desired. Often, children adopted by a single person were raised in pairs rather than alone, and many adoptions by lesbians and gay men were arranged as single
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has held that "mother’s name is sufficient in certain cases like the present one to apply for passport, especially as a single woman can be a natural guardian and also a parent". Considering these socio-legal transformations, a study suggested that despite facing numerous challenges, single mothers
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Many out-of-wedlock births are unintentional. Out-of-wedlock births are frequently not acceptable to society, and they often result in single parenting. A partner may also leave as he or she may want to shirk responsibility of bringing up the child. This also may harm the child. Where they are not
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refers to which parent the child lives with. Among divorced parents, "parallel parenting" refers to parenting after divorce in which each parent does so independently; this is most common. In comparison, cooperative parenting occurs when the parents involved in the child's life work together around
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Single parent adoptions are controversial. They are, however, still preferred over divorcees, as divorced parents are considered an unnecessary stress on the child. In one study, the interviewers asked children questions about their new lifestyle in a single-parent home. The interviewer found that
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families were single-parent, of which five-sixths were headed by a female. Single-parent families in New
Zealand have fewer children than two-parent families; 56% of single-parent families have only one child and 29% have two children, compared to 38% and 40% respectively for two-parent families.
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Keeping in touch with both parents and having a healthy relationship with both mother and father appears to have the most effect on a child's behavior; which leads to an easier time coping with the divorce as well as development through the child's life. Children will do better with their parents
215:
A similar study on the mental health of single mothers attempted to answer the question, "Are there differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, between married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers?" Statistically, never married, and separated/divorced mothers had the highest
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and depression. Financial hardships also affect the mental health of single mothers. Women, ages 15–24, were more likely to live in a low socio-economic area, have one child, and not to have completed their senior year of high school. These women reported to be in the two lowest income areas, and
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Among households with children in 2005/09, the proportion of single-parent households was 10% in Japan, 16% in the
Netherlands, 19% in Sweden, 20% in France, 22% in Denmark, 22% in Germany, 23% in Ireland, 25% in Canada, 25% in the United Kingdom, and 30% in the United States. The U.S. proportion
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Inadequate access to mental health care services is prevalent amongst impoverished women. Low-income women are less likely to receive mental health care for numerous reasons. Mental health services remain inequitable for low-income, more so, low-income single women are more likely to suffer from
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Over 9.5 million
American families are run by one woman. Single mothers are likely to have mental health issues, financial hardships, live in a low income area, and receive low levels of social support. All of these factors are taken into consideration when evaluating the mental health of single
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In all OECD countries, most single-parent households were headed by a mother. The proportion headed by a father varied between 9% and 25%. It was lowest in
Estonia (9%), Costa Rica (10%), Cyprus (10%), Japan (10%), Ireland (10%) and the United Kingdom (12%), while it was highest in Norway (22%),
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In 2016/17, the proportion of children living in a single-parent household varied between 6% and 28% in the different OECD countries, with an OECD country average of 17%. It was lowest in Turkey (2015, 6%), Greece (8%), Croatia (8%) and Poland (10%), while it was highest in France (23%), United
547:
In the United States, since the 1960s, there has been a marked increase in the number of children living with a single parent. The jump was caused by an increase in births to unmarried women and by the increasing prevalence of divorces among couples. In 2010, 40.7% of births in the US were to
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In 2005/06, the proportion of 11- to 15-year-old children living in a shared parenting arrangement versus with only one of their parents varied between 1% and 17%, being the highest in Sweden. It was 5% in Ireland and the United States, and 7% in Canada and the United Kingdom. By 2016/17, the
255:
et al. have shown that children living with one single parent have worse well-being in terms of physical health behavior, mental health, peer friendships, bullying, cultural activities, sports, and family relationships, compared to children from intact families. As a contrast, children in a
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or widow responsible for children. At certain times wars might also deprive significant numbers of families of a parent. Improvements in sanitation and maternal care have decreased mortality for those of reproductive age, making death a less common cause of single parenting.
887:
359:
Mothers with unintended pregnancies, and their children, are subject to numerous adverse health effects, including increased risk of violence and death, and the children are less likely to succeed in school and are more likely to live in poverty and be involved in crime.
607:, and so a second or third wife might run a household and take care of their children as a lone parent. In contrast to Western societies, financial support for single parents (especially single mothers) typically comes from extended family support systems.
575:
In 2006, 12.9 million families in the US were headed by a single parent, 80% of which were headed by a woman. Single-parent households are on average much poorer, a pattern largely explained by the lack of a second source of income in the home itself.
355:
In the United States, the rate of unintended pregnancy is higher among unmarried couples than among married ones. In 1990, 73% of births to unmarried women were unintended at the time of conception, compared to about 57% of births overall (1987 data).
1137:
Copeland, Valire C. & Kimberly Snyder. 2011. “Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Services for Low-Income African American Women Whose Children Receive Behavioral Health Services: An Ethnographic Investigation.” Social Work in Public Health 26:1,
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in all states of Australia, except for Queensland and South Australia. They are able to apply for adoption both to Australian born and international born children, although not many other countries allow single parent adoptions.
260:
arrangement that live approximately equal amount of time with their divorced mother and father have about the same well-being as children from intact families and better outcomes than children with only one custodial parent.
437:, has declared in a case argued by Advocate Aruna A. that, the birth registration authorities cannot insist on the details of the father for registration of birth of a child born to a single mother, conceived through
126:
was generally rare historically (although this depends by culture and era), and divorce especially became very difficult to obtain after the fall of the Roman Empire, in Medieval Europe, due to strong involvement of
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who are raising their children with little support from the families, society or state are challenging the dominant male breadwinner and provider model while redefining the heteronormative model of parenting.
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unmarried women. In 2000, 11% of children were living with parents who had never been married, 15.6% of children lived with a divorced parent, and 1.2% lived with a parent who was widowed. The results of the
2110:
1262:
Thomas, George; Farrell, Michael P.; Barnes, Grace M. (1 January 1996). "The Effects of Single-Mother Families and Nonresident Fathers on Delinquency and Substance Abuse in Black and White Adolescents".
405:
households were single-parent families. In Australia 2011, out of all families 15.9% were single parent families. Out of these families 17.6% of the single parents were males, whilst 82.4% were females.
552:
showed that 27% of children live with one parent, consistent with the emerging trend noted in 2000. The most recent data of December 2011 shows approximately 13.7 million single parents in the U.S.
112:. Historical estimates indicate that in French, English, or Spanish villages in the 17th and 18th centuries at least one-third of children lost one of their parents during childhood; in 19th-century
240:, Patrick Fagan, Mitch Pearlstein David Popenoe and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, living in a single parent family is strongly correlated with school failure and problems of delinquency, drug use,
1333:
Baker, A.L.; Ben-Ami, N. (2011). "Adult Recall of Childhood psychological maltreatment in "Adult Children of divorce": Prevalence and associations with concurrent measures of well being".
48:
is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in the upbringing or support of the child. Reasons for becoming a single parent include
2161:
2210:
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divorce if they have a smooth adjustment period. One way to make this adjustment easier on children is to let them "remain in the same neighborhoods and schools following divorce."
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study, only 9% of children lived with single parents in the 1960s—a figure that increased to 28% in 2012. Single parent households became more common after legislation allowing
2455:
371:
Some women use artificial insemination to become single mothers by choice. Others choose to adopt. Men may also choose to become single fathers through adoption or surrogacy.
957:; Cox, Brian J.; Enns, Murray W. (2006-02-09). "Mental health profiles among married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers in a nationally representative sample".
1180:
M. Pearlstein From Family Collapse to America's Decline: The Educational, Economic, and Social Costs of Family Disintegration Rowman & Littlefield, New York, NY (2011)
2988:
Hilton, J.; Desrochers, S.; Devall, E. (2001). "Comparison of Role Demands, Relationships, and Child Functioning is Single-Mother, Single-Father, and Intact Families".
870:
220:. The family structure can become a trigger for mental health issues in single mothers. They are especially at risk for having higher levels of depressive symptoms.
504:
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Greece (4%), Switzerland (4%), Bulgaria (5), Croatia (5%), Germany (5%), Italy (5%) and Cyprus (5%). The proportion was 9% in both Ireland and the United Kingdom.
2667:
2942:
120:, almost one-third of boys had lost one parent or both by the age of 15. Such single parenthood was often short in duration, since remarriage rates were high.
417:
Single parents in Australia are eligible for support payments from the government, but only if they are caring for at least one child under the age of eight.
1925:
185:
Among children living in a single-parent household, most live primarily with their mother, others primarily with their father, while other children have a
1428:
Hess, Robert D.; Camara, Kathleen A. (1979-10-01). "Post-Divorce Family Relationships as Mediating Factors in the Consequences of Divorce for Children".
3035:
Mulkey, L.; Crain, R; Harrington, A.M. (January 1992). "One-Parent Households and Achievement: Economic and Behavioral Explanations of a Small Effect".
2488:
1226:
1157:
1850:
2061:
1998:
1824:
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was more pronounced among single mothers at 28.7% compared to partnered mothers at 15.7%. These mental disabilities include but are not limited to
3028:
1207:
Pong SL. Family structure, school context, and eighth-grade math and reading achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1997 Aug 1:734-46.
2705:
Amato, Paul R., Sarah Patterson, and Brett Beattie. "Single-Parent Households And Children’S Educational Achievement: A State-Level Analysis."
248:
has shown that a high proportion of American children from single parent families perform poorly on mathematics and reading achievement tests.
2406:
807:
173:
Spain (23%), Sweden (24%), Romania (25%) and the United States (25%). These numbers were not provided for Canada, Australia or New Zealand.
3915:
3016:
Lavie, Smadar (2014). Wrapped in the Flag of Israel: Mizrahi Single Mothers and Bureaucratic Torture. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
2799:
Kawewe, Saliwe M.; Moyo, Otrude N. (2009). "Lone motherhood in Zimbabwe: The cocioeconomic conditions of lone parents and their children".
2218:
1008:
Jayakody, Rukmalie; Stauffer, Dawn (2000-01-01). "Mental Health Problems Among Single Mothers: Implications for Work and Welfare Reform".
487:, the number of single-parent households has risen in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries due to a variety of factors, including the
1189:
D. Popenoe Families without Fathers: Fathers, Marriage, and Children in American Society Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ (2009)
147:
stated that married couples were preferred, but there were "exceptional circumstances" where single parent adoptions were permissible.
1974:
2459:
2187:
Single Mothers, Patriarchy and Citizenship in India: Rethinking Lone Motherhood through the Lens of Socio-legal and Policy Framework
2012:
1216:
Pong SL. The school compositional effect of single parenthood on 10th-grade achievement. Sociology of education. 1998 Jan 1:23-42.
2619:
740:
Dupaquier J, Helin E, Laslett P, Livi-Bacci M, Marriage and remarriage in populations of the past, London: Academic Press, 1981.
4006:
3703:
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to be unhappy, and are also more likely to engage in anti-social behavior, abuse substances and engage in juvenile deliquency.
2888:
Bankston, Carl L.; Caldas, Stephen J. (1998). "Family Structure, Schoolmates, and Racial Inequalities in School Achievement".
4165:
3021:
2086:
1530:
1412:
535:
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Blankenhorn, 1995 D. Blankenhorn Fatherless America: Confronting Our Most Urgent Social Problem Basic Books, New York (1995)
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1951:
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Kingdom (23%), Belgium (25%), Lithuania (25%), United States (27%) and Latvia (28%). It was 19% in Ireland and Canada.
2548:
4042:
2194:
2724:
2422:
4105:
3756:
632:
2036:
4688:
3900:
3746:
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1929:
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868:
Joint Physical Custody and Communication with Parents: A Cross-National Study of Children in 36 Western Countries
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31:
27:
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https://www.academia.edu/6799750/Wrapped_in_the_Flag_of_Israel_Mizrahi_Single_Mothers_and_Bureaucratic_Torture
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The Role of Social Security in Respecting and Protecting Dignity of Lone Mothers in South Africa: Final Report
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2162:"Requirement of father's name of applicant not mandatory for issuing passport, mother's name sufficient..."
2136:"Asking sperm donor's name violates right to privacy, says Kerala high court | Kochi News - Times of India"
1854:
3093:
Quinlan, Robert J. (November 2003). "Father absence, parental care, and female reproductive development".
3064:
Pong, Suet-ling (1998). "The School Compositional Effect of Single Parenthood on 10th Grade Achievement".
1496:
854:
OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Family Database,
842:
OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Family Database,
4522:
3920:
3643:
3214:
2877:
580:
38:
3156:; Park, Kyung (November 1988). "Just The Two of Us: Parent-Child Relationships in Single-Parent Homes".
794:
689:
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leads the nation with the highest percent of births to unmarried mothers with 54% in 2014, followed by
20:
2062:"Single mothers in India not compelled to disclose father's identity: Supreme Court | DW | 07.07.2015"
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855:
4759:
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3847:
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3399:
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Thomas, D.A.; Woodside, M. (2011). "Resilience in adult children of divorce: A multiple case study".
762:
2682:
2111:"No need for single mother conceiving via IVF to give father's name on birth certificate: Kerala HC"
797:, OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, June 12, 2016.
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488:
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637:
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3708:
3547:
2214:
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496:
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Shireman, Joan F.; Johnson, Renny R. (1985). "Single Parent Adoptions: A Longitudinal Study".
1776:"Single Mothers by Choice: Mother–Child Relationships and Children's Psychological Adjustment"
540:
4807:
4766:
4125:
4037:
3598:
3522:
3449:
3414:
903:
Brown, George W.; Moran, Patricia M. (1997-01-01). "Single mothers, poverty and depression".
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410:
128:
3211:"Social and Economic Characteristics of Currently Unmarried Women with a Recent Birth, 2011"
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refers to which parent is allowed to make important decisions about the children involved.
8:
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Wright, Gemma; Noble, Michael; Ntshongwana, Phakama; Neves, David; Helen, Barnes (2014),
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2957:
2353:
2328:
1298:
Gove, Walter R.; Crutchfield, Robert D. (1982). "The Family and Juvenile Delinquency*".
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Ntoimo, Lorretta Favour Chizomam; Mutanda, Nyasha (2020), Odimegwu, Clifford O. (ed.),
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730:. Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society. Internet FAQ Archives.
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Historically, death of a partner was a common cause of single parenting. Diseases and
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2595:"The Number of Births to Unmarried Mothers in Massachusetts is Higher than You Think"
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1992:
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The best intentions: unintended pregnancy and the well-being of children and families
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2779:"Demography of single parenthood in Africa: patterns, determinants and consequences"
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244:, poverty, and welfare dependency in the United States. Using multilevel modelling,
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817:. US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012. Archived from
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have recognized the rights of single mothers to give birth and raise children. The
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257:
208:
186:
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4615:
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4339:
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4140:
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3717:
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3185:
Sacks, G. (September 4, 2005). "Boys without fathers is not a logical new idea".
1381:
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954:
874:
642:
349:
287:
204:
116:, about half of all children lost at least one parent by age 20; in 19th-century
2725:"What is no-fault divorce, and why do some conservatives want to get rid of it?"
2526:
2329:"South African single mothers' experiences of raising a child with a disability"
2013:"Department for Child Protection – Western Australia – Thinking about adoption?"
1519:
1089:
Peden, Ann R.; Rayens, Mary Kay; Hall, Lynne A.; Grant, Elizabeth (2004-12-01).
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3946:
3623:
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3342:
3153:
2976:, National Statistics Online, National Statistics, United Kingdom, July 7, 2005
2930:, National Statistics Online, National Statistics, United Kingdom, July 7, 2005
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2429:– see Table 3.6, Family type, and marital status of lone parents: 1971 to 2005.
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624:
569:
549:
517:
295:
105:
89:
2841:, Centre for the Analysis of South African Social Policy, University of Oxford
2814:
2473:
970:
916:
4867:
4842:
4577:
4494:
4424:
4324:
4016:
3925:
3870:
3865:
3807:
3638:
3474:
3459:
3444:
3317:
1869:
1744:
1685:
1677:
1628:
1571:
1449:
1116:
1075:
1029:
978:
924:
652:
475:
to have children due to the social stigma of being a women with no children.
471:, a 1994 study observed that it was socially acceptable for unmarried single
317:
252:
2621:
Current Population Survey, 2006 Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement
2549:"More Young Adults are Living in Their Parents' Home, Census Bureau Reports"
2344:
1021:
4705:
4667:
4662:
4489:
4334:
3966:
3817:
3802:
3658:
3648:
3434:
3122:
Richards, Leslie N.; Schmiege, Cynthia J. (July 1993). "Family Diversity".
2822:
2362:
1809:
1752:
1703:
1646:
1589:
1231:
The living conditions of children with shared residence–the Swedish example
1124:
986:
657:
647:
584:
484:
472:
468:
3230:
3001:
1735:
1718:
1620:
1563:
932:
4797:
4587:
4542:
4386:
4280:
4235:
3976:
3951:
3797:
3633:
3618:
3404:
3332:
3322:
2958:
Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (20 July 2005).
2380:
1158:"How Broken Families Rob Children of Their Chances for Future Prosperity"
553:
455:
379:
2037:"Parenting Payment – Australian Government Department of Human Services"
1973:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
4802:
4732:
4605:
4567:
4429:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4356:
4344:
4284:
4240:
3991:
3885:
3688:
3613:
3557:
3527:
3464:
3362:
3085:
3056:
2683:"The Majority of Children Live With Two Parents, Census Bureau Reports"
1791:
1546:
Waldfogel, Jane; Craigie, Terry-Ann; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne (2010-01-01).
1481:
561:
212:
their mental health was much poorer than those in higher income areas.
26:"Single father" and "Single mother" redirect here. For other uses, see
3177:
3145:
2909:
2627:, Washington: United States Bureau of the Census, 2006, archived from
2384:
1284:
1091:"Negative Thinking and the Mental Health of Low-Income Single Mothers"
4792:
4504:
4381:
4130:
3682:
3653:
3628:
3512:
3367:
3281:
3210:
2668:"How America's Marriage Crisis Makes Income Inequality So Much Worse"
1825:"'I always wanted to be a dad': the rise of single fathers by choice"
557:
500:
402:
136:
3077:
3048:
888:
Barns boende (växelvis boende, hos mamma, hos pappa, etc.) 2012—2017
19:"Single Parents" redirects here. For the ABC television series, see
4600:
4537:
4532:
4509:
4454:
4414:
4200:
3971:
3905:
3312:
3169:
3137:
2901:
1276:
600:
101:
57:
1666:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1245:"Single-parent families double likelihood of child mental illness"
1054:
Belle, Deborah (1990-03-01). "Poverty and women's mental health".
618:
4527:
4434:
4404:
4317:
4212:
4207:
3608:
3572:
1842:
565:
321:
299:
123:
93:
53:
2960:"America's Children: Family Structure and Children's Well-Being"
1516:
1465:"The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children: An Update"
1198:
B.D. Whitehead The Divorce Culture Alfred Knopf, New York (1997)
4837:
4657:
4652:
4307:
4289:
4217:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4114:
3832:
3751:
3347:
3307:
3302:
3297:
132:
88:
Single parenthood has been common historically due to parental
2444:, United Kingdom Department of Work and Pensions, 14 June 2012
2411:, United Kingdom Office for National Statistics, 23 March 2006
2408:
Labour Market Statistics, Labour Market Review 2006 – archived
4642:
4245:
4190:
2973:
Geographic Distribution: London has most lone-parent families
2551:(Press release). United States Census Bureau. 3 November 2011
1497:"Single Parent Households – How Does it Affect the Children?"
117:
113:
80:
is a family with children that is headed by a single parent.
76:, childbirth by a single person or single-person adoption. A
65:
49:
3250:
2786:
Family demography and post-2015 development agenda in Africa
2087:"Need to understand the rights of a single mother by choice"
712:
The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia,
495:
within the country, and the social changes brought about by
4572:
4312:
4249:
3439:
2831:
2480:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
1545:
790:
161:
73:
877:, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2011, 42:871-890.
4195:
4083:
3713:
2523:
America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-being
1719:"Child gender and father involvement in fragile families"
290:, dedicated to war widows who raised their children alone
97:
2511:
1717:
Lundberg, Shelly; McLanahan, Sara; Rose, Elaina (2007).
1926:"Single Parent Adoption: Challenges of Single Adoption"
2987:
2211:"2013 Census QuickStats about families and households"
1896:
755:
352:, however such marriages fail more often than others.
3034:
1716:
856:
Table SF1.3.A. Living arrangements of children by age
216:
regularities of drug abuse, personality disorder and
2571:"The Most Important Statistics About Single Parents"
1088:
844:
Chart SF1.2.A. Living arrangements of children, 2017
808:"Table 1337. Single-Parent Households: 1980 to 2009"
614:
1848:
1261:
3238:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
3209:Shattuck, Rachel M.; Kreider, Rose M. (May 2012).
2927:Dependent Children: 1 in 4 in lone-parent families
2541:
2489:"The Rise – and Fall? – of Single-Parent Families"
2427:, Office for National Statistics, 28 November 2006
1662:"Fragile Families and the Reproduction of Poverty"
1518:
1367:
139:and other forms of separation were more common).
37:"Motherless" redirects here. For other uses, see
4865:
3121:
1332:
1007:
3208:
3196:"Group Resists Korean Stigma for Unwed Mothers"
1875:
1603:McLanahan, Sara; Beck, Audrey N. (2010-01-01).
1489:
1297:
2887:
2250:
2248:
2059:
959:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
272:
203:mothers. The occurrence of moderate to severe
4099:
3266:
3228:
2776:
2456:"Paying the price: The long road to recovery"
2326:
2239:
1602:
2680:
1997:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1605:"Parental relationships in fragile families"
1525:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
1225:Fransson E, LĂĄftman SB, Ă–stberg V, Hjern A,
953:
4586:
2943:"Family Life: Stresses of Single Parenting"
2369:
2327:Mbanjwa, Siya; Harvey, Clare (2023-11-17).
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2245:
1517:Eisenberg, Leon; Brown, Sarah Hart (1995).
1242:
1233:. Child Indicators Research. 2017 Jan:1-23.
795:SF1.1:Family size and household composition
194:percentage in Sweden had increased to 28%.
169:increased from 20% in 1980 to 30% in 2008.
4106:
4092:
3273:
3259:
3152:
2798:
2760:
2748:
2722:
2486:
2159:
1944:
1510:
1427:
902:
2352:
1799:
1734:
1693:
1659:
1636:
1579:
1480:
1106:
3193:
2665:
769:. University of Oregon. 24 February 2012
409:Single people are eligible to apply for
378:
281:
3229:Solomon-Fears, Carmen (July 30, 2014).
3092:
2644:
2638:
2233:
2189:. India: We the People Network, Delhi.
1402:
336:
4866:
2674:
2612:
2441:Households Below Average Income (HBAI)
1972:
1548:"Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing"
786:
784:
725:
702:Single Parent Law and Legal Definition
4087:
3254:
3184:
2647:"The Bachelor Life Includes a Family"
2645:Navarro, Mireya (September 5, 2008).
2424:General Household Survey, 2005 Report
2184:
2160:SCC Online, SCC Times (20 May 2016).
1773:
1462:
1053:
1049:
1047:
898:
896:
536:Family structure in the United States
348:acceptable, they sometimes result in
231:
3063:
2525:. www.childstats.gov. Archived from
2415:
2399:
1928:. Adoptions Together. Archived from
1822:
579:According to a 2016 report from the
197:
2945:. American Academy of Pediatricians
2723:Williamson, AJ (27 November 2023).
2432:
1851:"Single Parent Adoptions: Why Not?"
1335:Journal of Divorce & Remarriage
781:
750:Kent's Commentaries on American Law
530:Single parents in the United States
306:
13:
4073:Parents Against Child Exploitation
3194:Sang-Hun, Choe (October 7, 2009).
3158:Journal of Marriage and the Family
3024:hardback; 978-1-78238-223-2 ebook.
2890:Journal of Marriage and the Family
2852:
2699:
2519:"Single Parent Success Foundation"
1878:Children and Youth Services Review
1442:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1979.tb00814.x
1312:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1982.tb01014.x
1044:
893:
539:
277:
14:
4895:
4043:Mothers Apart from Their Children
2990:Journal of Divorce and Remarriage
2474:"FastStats – Births and Natality"
2217:. 4 November 2014. Archived from
2185:Nigam, Shalu (18 February 2024).
2084:
511:
1108:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04061.x
633:Single Parents in UK Parliaments
617:
523:
3901:Management of domestic violence
3747:Corporal punishment in the home
2770:
2754:
2742:
2716:
2687:The United States Census Bureau
2666:Thompson, Derek (Oct 1, 2013).
2659:
2587:
2563:
2466:
2448:
2320:
2203:
2178:
2153:
2128:
2103:
2078:
2053:
2029:
2005:
1966:
1823:Kale, Sirin (29 January 2020).
1816:
1767:
1710:
1653:
1596:
1539:
1456:
1421:
1396:
1361:
1326:
1291:
1255:
1236:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1150:
1141:
1131:
1082:
1001:
947:
880:
860:
848:
836:
800:
752:, p. 125, n. 1 (14th ed. 1896).
478:
462:
298:not infrequently resulted in a
150:
145:Child Welfare League of America
4611:Genealogical numbering systems
4058:National Fatherhood Initiative
3232:Nonmarital Births: An Overview
2060:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche.
1956:Australian Social Trends, 2007
1853:. Adopting.org. Archived from
1660:McLanahan, Sara (2009-01-01).
1265:Journal of Marriage and Family
1095:Journal of Nursing Scholarship
743:
734:
719:
706:
694:
682:
670:
449:
266:Office for National Statistics
32:Single Mother (disambiguation)
28:Single Father (disambiguation)
1:
4750:International Day of Families
4410:Australian Aboriginal kinship
4063:National Parents Organization
3788:Adverse childhood experiences
3280:
3115:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00039-4
2333:African Journal of Disability
1890:10.1016/S0190-7409(85)80005-0
1407:. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
663:
454:At the 2013 census, 17.8% of
391:
155:
3828:Effects of domestic violence
3470:Social emotional development
3095:Evolution and Human Behavior
2878:Resources in other libraries
2802:Social Work in Public Health
1849:Cake-Hanson-Cormell (2001).
1382:10.1080/01494929.2011.586300
1370:Marriage & Family Review
1347:10.1080/10502556.2011.556973
767:The Adoption History Project
396:
7:
3644:Identification (psychology)
1405:Public and Private Families
866:Bjarnason T, Arnarsson AA.
688:Collins English Dictionary
610:
594:
581:United States Census Bureau
374:
273:Causes of single-parenthood
176:
39:Motherless (disambiguation)
10:
4900:
4113:
4068:Parent–teacher association
3843:Parental abuse by children
3724:Positive Parenting Program
3674:Parent management training
3669:Normative social influence
2487:O'Hare, Bill (July 2001).
1300:The Sociological Quarterly
1243:David Batty (2006-02-21).
1068:10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.385
676:Miriam-Webster Dictionary
533:
527:
340:
310:
286:Statue of a mother at the
83:
36:
25:
21:Single Parents (TV series)
18:
4775:
4711:National Grandparents Day
4676:
4635:
4503:
4395:
4355:
4298:
4263:
4228:
4164:
4121:
4053:National Childbirth Trust
4030:
3939:
3856:
3848:Stress in early childhood
3780:
3732:
3591:
3568:Taking children seriously
3488:
3400:Applied behavior analysis
3383:
3288:
3187:Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
2873:Resources in your library
2815:10.1080/19371910802569732
2670:– via The Atlantic.
2240:Ntoimo & Mutanda 2020
971:10.1007/s00127-005-0005-3
917:10.1017/s0033291796004060
763:"Single Parent Adoptions"
550:2010 United States Census
383:A single mother and child
366:
3709:The talk (sex education)
3420:Developmental psychology
3189:. Little Rock, Arkansas.
2041:www.humanservices.gov.au
1904:"Single Parent Adoption"
1678:10.1177/0002716208324862
1430:Journal of Social Issues
1403:Cherlin, Andrew (2010).
1010:Journal of Social Issues
420:
160:Among all households in
4813:Sociology of the family
4653:Philia (brotherly love)
4229:Second-degree relatives
3916:Parental responsibility
3876:Cost of raising a child
2711:SocINDEX with Full Text
2707:Social Science Research
2345:10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1321
2085:A, Aruna (2021-09-14).
1774:Fiese, Barbara (2016).
1463:Amato, Paul R. (2014).
1162:The Heritage Foundation
1022:10.1111/0022-4537.00188
638:Cost of raising a child
603:has had a tradition of
313:Implications of divorce
4658:Storge (familial love)
4264:Third-degree relatives
4166:First-degree relatives
3066:Sociology of Education
3037:Sociology of Education
2761:Kawewe & Moyo 2009
2749:Kawewe & Moyo 2009
2713:. Web. 18 March. 2017.
2383:. 2010. Archived from
2215:Statistics New Zealand
2115:The New Indian Express
1609:The Future of Children
1552:The Future of Children
1469:Društvena Istraživanja
905:Psychological Medicine
714:Single-Parent Families
544:
427:Supreme Court of India
384:
291:
4808:Middle child syndrome
4767:National Adoption Day
4643:Agape (parental love)
4038:Families Need Fathers
3599:After-school activity
3523:Concerted cultivation
3518:Buddha-like parenting
3450:Nature versus nurture
3415:Cognitive development
3002:10.1300/j087v35n01_02
1952:"One Parent Families"
1736:10.1353/dem.2007.0007
1621:10.1353/foc.2010.0007
1564:10.1353/foc.2010.0002
1056:American Psychologist
543:
382:
285:
129:ecclesiastical courts
4848:Sibling estrangement
4828:Dysfunctional family
4818:Museum of Motherhood
4755:National Family Week
4621:Quarters of nobility
3896:Right to family life
3823:Dysfunctional family
3533:Free-range parenting
3508:Attachment parenting
3498:Achievement ideology
2709:53.(2015): 191–202.
1975:"QuickStats details"
890:, November 11, 2018.
435:High Court of Kerala
431:High Courts of India
401:In 2003, 14% of all
343:Unintended pregnancy
337:Unintended pregnancy
78:single parent family
4884:Living arrangements
4788:Wedding anniversary
4745:American Family Day
4701:Father–Daughter Day
4648:Eros (marital love)
4397:Kinship terminology
3911:Parental alienation
3838:Narcissistic parent
3762:Positive discipline
3583:Work at home parent
3563:Strict father model
3548:Nurturant parenting
3455:Parental investment
3290:Kinship terminology
3107:2003EHumB..24..376Q
2529:on 16 November 2011
2387:on 24 December 2012
2221:on 13 November 2014
2142:. TNN. Aug 17, 2021
1906:. Adoption Services
886:Statistics Sweden,
824:on 18 February 2015
716:, Sage Publications
678:single parent, noun
264:The United Kingdom
242:teenage pregnancies
4553:collateral descent
3957:T. Berry Brazelton
3694:Social integration
3430:Identity formation
3215:U.S. Census Bureau
3201:The New York Times
3154:Risman, Barbara J.
2788:, pp. 147–169
2681:US Census Bureau.
2652:The New York Times
2599:Infinity Law Group
2315:Wright et al. 2014
2303:Wright et al. 2014
2291:Wright et al. 2014
2279:Wright et al. 2014
2267:Wright et al. 2014
2255:Wright et al. 2014
2140:The Times of India
1857:on 6 December 2008
1792:10.1037/fam0000188
1482:10.5559/di.23.1.01
873:2017-11-19 at the
545:
493:economic migration
385:
292:
232:Impact on children
110:maternal mortality
4861:
4860:
4833:Domestic violence
4631:
4630:
4548:Lineal descendant
4518:Bilateral descent
4271:Great-grandparent
4156:Matrifocal family
4081:
4080:
3891:Family disruption
3813:Cinderella effect
3793:Child abandonment
3767:Tactical ignoring
3664:Moral development
3543:Helicopter parent
3538:Gatekeeper parent
3503:Atlas personality
3480:Social psychology
3425:Human development
3410:Child development
3395:Attachment theory
3022:978-1-78238-222-5
2859:Library resources
2017:www.dcp.wa.gov.au
1532:978-0-309-05230-6
1414:978-0-07-340435-6
793:Family Database,
489:HIV/AIDs epidemic
238:David Blankenhorn
205:mental disability
198:Impact on parents
70:domestic violence
4891:
4823:Astronaut family
4584:
4583:
4485:Iroquois kinship
4475:Sudanese kinship
4470:Hawaiian kinship
4445:Family of choice
4276:Great-grandchild
4151:Immediate family
4108:
4101:
4094:
4085:
4084:
3931:Shared parenting
3742:Blanket training
3734:Child discipline
3374:In loco parentis
3353:Shared parenting
3275:
3268:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3205:
3190:
3181:
3164:(4): 1049–1062.
3149:
3125:Family Relations
3118:
3089:
3060:
3013:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2967:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2921:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2826:
2809:(1–2): 161–177.
2795:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2626:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2495:. Archived from
2493:Population Today
2484:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2458:. Archived from
2452:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2356:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:. 16 August 2021
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1932:on 24 April 2014
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1738:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1240:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1110:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1005:
999:
998:
955:Afifi, Tracie O.
951:
945:
944:
900:
891:
884:
878:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
833:
831:
829:
823:
812:
804:
798:
788:
779:
778:
776:
774:
759:
753:
747:
741:
738:
732:
731:
723:
717:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
627:
622:
621:
589:no fault divorce
443:Delhi High Court
326:Physical custody
320:in reference to
307:Divorced parents
258:shared parenting
187:shared parenting
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4853:Sibling rivalry
4771:
4672:
4627:
4616:Seize quartiers
4582:
4523:Common ancestor
4507:
4499:
4465:Chinese kinship
4460:Nurture kinship
4450:Fictive kinship
4391:
4351:
4340:daughter-in-law
4294:
4259:
4224:
4160:
4146:Conjugal family
4141:Extended family
4117:
4112:
4082:
4077:
4026:
4007:Matthew Sanders
3962:Rudolf Dreikurs
3935:
3921:Parents' rights
3881:Deadbeat parent
3858:
3852:
3776:
3728:
3704:The talk (race)
3587:
3578:Tiger parenting
3484:
3379:
3328:Extended family
3284:
3279:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3219:
3217:
3078:10.2307/2673220
3049:10.2307/2112692
2979:
2977:
2970:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2931:
2924:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2853:Further reading
2844:
2842:
2838:
2791:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2733:
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2721:
2717:
2704:
2700:
2691:
2689:
2679:
2675:
2664:
2660:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2485:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1971:
1967:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1817:
1772:
1768:
1715:
1711:
1658:
1654:
1601:
1597:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1461:
1457:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1401:
1397:
1366:
1362:
1331:
1327:
1296:
1292:
1260:
1256:
1241:
1237:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1087:
1083:
1052:
1045:
1006:
1002:
952:
948:
901:
894:
885:
881:
875:Wayback Machine
865:
861:
853:
849:
841:
837:
827:
825:
821:
810:
806:
805:
801:
789:
782:
772:
770:
761:
760:
756:
748:
744:
739:
735:
724:
720:
711:
707:
699:
695:
687:
683:
675:
671:
666:
643:Family planning
623:
616:
613:
597:
538:
532:
526:
514:
481:
465:
452:
423:
399:
394:
377:
369:
350:forced marriage
345:
339:
315:
309:
288:Yasukuni Shrine
280:
278:Widowed parents
275:
234:
200:
179:
158:
153:
86:
42:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4874:Single parents
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4721:Children's Day
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4603:
4598:
4596:Pedigree chart
4592:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:Patrilineality
4560:
4558:Matrilineality
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4480:Eskimo kinship
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4361:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4332:
4330:Sibling-in-law
4327:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4304:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:Nuclear family
4133:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4048:Mothers' Union
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4022:Benjamin Spock
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4002:Penelope Leach
3999:
3997:Annette Lareau
3994:
3989:
3987:Alan E. Kazdin
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Mary Ainsworth
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3859:social aspects
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3624:Dishabituation
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3553:Slow parenting
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3384:Theories
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3363:Blended family
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Nuclear family
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3226:
3206:
3191:
3182:
3170:10.2307/352114
3150:
3138:10.2307/585557
3132:(3): 277–285.
3119:
3101:(6): 376–390.
3090:
3061:
3026:
3025:
3014:
2985:
2968:
2955:
2939:
2922:
2902:10.2307/353540
2896:(3): 715–723.
2881:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2828:
2827:
2796:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2715:
2698:
2673:
2658:
2637:
2611:
2586:
2562:
2540:
2510:
2499:on 26 May 2013
2479:
2465:
2462:on 2014-12-17.
2447:
2431:
2414:
2398:
2368:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2244:
2232:
2202:
2195:
2177:
2152:
2127:
2102:
2077:
2052:
2028:
2004:
1979:www.abs.gov.au
1965:
1943:
1917:
1895:
1884:(4): 321–334.
1868:
1841:
1815:
1786:(4): 409–418.
1766:
1709:
1672:(1): 111–131.
1652:
1595:
1538:
1531:
1509:
1488:
1455:
1420:
1413:
1395:
1376:(4): 213–234.
1360:
1341:(4): 203–219.
1325:
1306:(3): 301–319.
1290:
1277:10.2307/353977
1271:(4): 884–894.
1254:
1235:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1149:
1140:
1130:
1101:(4): 337–344.
1081:
1062:(3): 385–389.
1043:
1016:(4): 617–634.
1000:
965:(2): 122–129.
946:
892:
879:
859:
847:
835:
815:www.census.gov
799:
780:
754:
742:
733:
718:
705:
693:
681:
668:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
628:
625:Society portal
612:
609:
596:
593:
570:South Carolina
528:Main article:
525:
522:
518:United Kingdom
513:
512:United Kingdom
510:
505:child benefits
480:
477:
464:
461:
451:
448:
422:
419:
398:
395:
393:
390:
376:
373:
368:
365:
341:Main article:
338:
335:
308:
305:
296:maternal death
279:
276:
274:
271:
246:Suet-Ling Pong
233:
230:
199:
196:
178:
175:
157:
154:
152:
149:
106:work accidents
90:mortality rate
85:
82:
16:Type of parent
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4896:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4843:Sibling abuse
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:Single parent
4781:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:Relationships
4634:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4578:Royal descent
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4495:Omaha kinship
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:Consanguinity
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4325:Parent-in-law
4323:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4300:Family-in-law
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:Organizations
4029:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4017:B. F. Skinner
4015:
4013:
4012:William Sears
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:Thomas Gordon
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:Child support
3869:
3867:
3866:Child custody
3864:
3863:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Child neglect
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
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3731:
3725:
3722:
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3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Homeschooling
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Socialization
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Paternal bond
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Maternal bond
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Single parent
3356:
3354:
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3329:
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3319:
3318:Alloparenting
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3314:
3311:
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3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
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3291:
3287:
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3264:
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3192:
3188:
3183:
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3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
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3151:
3147:
3143:
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3131:
3127:
3126:
3120:
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3112:
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3091:
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2860:
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2820:
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2812:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2763:, p. 172
2762:
2757:
2751:, p. 166
2750:
2745:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2634:on 2013-03-04
2630:
2623:
2622:
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2590:
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2566:
2550:
2544:
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2520:
2514:
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2494:
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2483:
2476:. 2018-08-08.
2475:
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2443:
2442:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2402:
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2360:
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2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2242:, p. 150
2241:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2198:
2196:9798879683103
2192:
2188:
2181:
2166:
2163:
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2112:
2106:
2092:
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2081:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1962:. 2007-07-08.
1961:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:J Fam Psychol
1777:
1770:
1762:
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1754:
1750:
1746:
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1587:
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1577:
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1557:
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690:single parent
685:
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653:Single person
651:
649:
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644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
620:
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608:
606:
602:
599:Historically
592:
590:
586:
582:
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571:
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524:United States
521:
519:
509:
506:
502:
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494:
491:, increasing
490:
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474:
470:
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351:
344:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
318:Child custody
314:
304:
301:
297:
289:
284:
270:
267:
262:
259:
254:
253:Emma Fransson
249:
247:
243:
239:
236:According to
229:
225:
224:high as 60%.
221:
219:
213:
210:
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195:
191:
188:
183:
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166:
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146:
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138:
135:life (though
134:
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125:
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46:single parent
40:
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4716:Parents' Day
4706:Siblings Day
4696:Father's Day
4684:Mother's Day
4668:Polyfidelity
4663:Filial piety
4588:Family trees
4490:Crow kinship
4440:Estrangement
4335:Child-in-law
4255:Niece/Nephew
3967:David Elkind
3818:Codependency
3803:Child labour
3659:Latchkey kid
3649:Introjection
3435:Introjection
3385:
3372:
3357:
3338:Noncustodial
3240:. Retrieved
3231:
3218:. Retrieved
3199:
3186:
3161:
3157:
3129:
3123:
3098:
3094:
3072:(1): 23–42.
3069:
3065:
3043:(1): 48–65.
3040:
3036:
3027:
2993:
2989:
2978:, retrieved
2972:
2964:Backgrounder
2963:
2947:. Retrieved
2932:, retrieved
2926:
2893:
2889:
2863:
2843:, retrieved
2834:
2806:
2800:
2790:, retrieved
2785:
2771:Bibliography
2756:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2690:. Retrieved
2686:
2676:
2661:
2650:
2640:
2629:the original
2620:
2614:
2603:. Retrieved
2601:. 2016-03-28
2598:
2589:
2578:. Retrieved
2574:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:the original
2522:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2492:
2482:
2468:
2460:the original
2450:
2440:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:the original
2377:"Statistics"
2371:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2317:, p. 41
2310:
2305:, p. 39
2298:
2293:, p. 38
2286:
2281:, p. 37
2274:
2269:, p. 36
2262:
2257:, p. 40
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2205:
2186:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2164:
2155:
2144:. Retrieved
2139:
2130:
2119:. Retrieved
2114:
2105:
2094:. Retrieved
2090:
2080:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:
2055:
2044:. Retrieved
2040:
2031:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1898:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:the original
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1829:The Guardian
1828:
1818:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1729:(1): 79–92.
1726:
1722:
1712:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1615:(2): 17–37.
1612:
1608:
1598:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1520:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1491:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1436:(4): 79–96.
1433:
1429:
1423:
1404:
1398:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1249:the Guardian
1248:
1238:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1152:
1143:
1133:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1059:
1055:
1013:
1009:
1003:
962:
958:
949:
911:(1): 21–33.
908:
904:
882:
862:
850:
838:
826:. Retrieved
819:the original
814:
802:
771:. Retrieved
766:
757:
749:
745:
736:
726:Gay Brunet.
721:
708:
696:
684:
672:
658:Sole custody
648:Marriage gap
598:
585:Child Trends
578:
574:
546:
515:
485:South Africa
482:
479:South Africa
469:Sierra Leone
466:
463:Sierra Leone
453:
429:and various
424:
416:
408:
400:
386:
370:
362:
358:
354:
346:
331:
316:
293:
263:
250:
235:
226:
222:
214:
201:
192:
184:
180:
171:
167:
159:
151:Demographics
141:
122:
87:
77:
45:
43:
4798:Birth order
4543:Inheritance
4528:Family name
4387:Stepsibling
4281:Great-uncle
4236:Grandparent
3977:Haim Ginott
3952:John Bowlby
3798:Child abuse
3718:educational
3634:Habituation
3619:Co-sleeping
3405:Behaviorism
3333:Foster care
3323:Coparenting
2381:Gingerbread
2225:11 December
2170:26 February
1227:Bergström M
554:Mississippi
497:colonialism
473:Mende women
456:New Zealand
450:New Zealand
251:In Sweden,
64:, becoming
62:abandonment
4868:Categories
4803:Only child
4733:Family Day
4606:Ahnentafel
4568:Progenitor
4430:Disownment
4375:stepmother
4370:stepfather
4365:Stepparent
4357:Stepfamily
4345:son-in-law
4285:Great-aunt
4241:Grandchild
3992:Truby King
3886:Disownment
3699:Television
3689:Role model
3614:Child care
3592:Techniques
3558:Soccer mom
3528:Enmeshment
3465:Pediatrics
3220:2 December
2949:8 November
2845:2024-06-18
2792:2024-06-19
2692:2018-12-07
2605:2016-03-28
2580:2017-12-06
2575:The Spruce
2533:9 November
2503:9 November
2391:8 November
2165:SCC Online
2146:2021-11-27
2121:2021-11-27
2096:2021-11-27
2071:2021-11-27
2046:2016-05-17
2022:2016-05-17
1984:2016-05-17
1723:Demography
1167:2017-01-18
828:4 November
700:US Legal,
664:References
562:New Mexico
534:See also:
403:Australian
392:By country
311:See also:
156:Households
4879:Parenting
4793:Godparent
4505:Genealogy
4382:Stepchild
4131:Household
3926:Paternity
3857:Legal and
3757:Grounding
3654:Kommune 1
3629:Education
3604:Allowance
3513:Baby talk
3368:Surrogacy
3282:Parenting
3010:145109403
2996:: 29–56.
2918:144979354
2091:Legal Bay
1745:0070-3370
1686:0002-7162
1629:1054-8289
1572:1054-8289
1450:1540-4560
1390:144236587
1355:143613787
1320:143647741
1117:1547-5069
1076:1935-990X
1030:1540-4560
979:0933-7954
925:1469-8978
728:"Orphans"
558:Louisiana
501:apartheid
397:Australia
137:annulment
4677:Holidays
4601:Genogram
4538:Heredity
4533:Heirloom
4455:Marriage
4420:Affinity
4415:Adoption
4201:daughter
3972:Jo Frost
3906:Marriage
3772:Time-out
3348:Orphaned
3313:Adoptive
3242:7 August
2823:19229781
2555:23 April
2363:38059152
2354:10696581
2339:: 1321.
1993:cite web
1936:23 April
1910:23 April
1861:23 April
1810:26866836
1761:21148498
1753:17461337
1704:20204078
1647:20964130
1590:20964133
1502:23 April
1475:: 5–24.
1125:15636414
995:37493744
987:16467954
941:22273721
871:Archived
773:23 April
611:See also
605:polygamy
601:Zimbabwe
595:Zimbabwe
411:adoption
375:Adoption
177:Children
102:homicide
58:break-up
4776:Related
4510:lineage
4435:Divorce
4405:Kinship
4318:husband
4213:brother
4208:Sibling
4126:History
3940:Experts
3716: (
3681: (
3609:Bedtime
3573:Theybie
3103:Bibcode
3086:2673220
3057:2112692
2980:17 July
2934:17 July
2734:19 June
1834:17 June
1801:4886836
1695:2831755
1638:3053572
1581:3074431
1038:2946124
933:9122302
566:Florida
516:In the
322:divorce
300:widower
209:anxiety
124:Divorce
94:disease
92:due to
84:History
66:widowed
54:divorce
4838:Incest
4738:Canada
4308:Spouse
4290:Cousin
4218:sister
4184:father
4179:mother
4174:Parent
4115:Family
3833:Incest
3752:Curfew
3490:Styles
3308:Father
3303:Mother
3298:Parent
3178:352114
3176:
3146:585557
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367:Choice
133:family
4726:Japan
4246:Uncle
4191:Child
3781:Abuse
3388:Areas
3236:(PDF)
3174:JSTOR
3142:JSTOR
3082:JSTOR
3053:JSTOR
3006:S2CID
2914:S2CID
2906:JSTOR
2839:(PDF)
2782:(PDF)
2632:(PDF)
2625:(PDF)
1757:S2CID
1386:S2CID
1351:S2CID
1316:S2CID
1281:JSTOR
1138:78–95
1034:S2CID
991:S2CID
937:S2CID
822:(PDF)
811:(PDF)
421:India
118:China
114:Milan
50:death
4689:U.S.
4573:Clan
4508:and
4313:wife
4250:Aunt
3683:date
3679:Play
3440:Love
3244:2014
3222:2013
3018:ISBN
2982:2006
2951:2012
2936:2006
2819:PMID
2736:2024
2557:2014
2535:2011
2505:2011
2393:2012
2359:PMID
2227:2014
2191:ISBN
2172:2024
1999:link
1960:4102
1938:2014
1912:2014
1863:2014
1836:2024
1806:PMID
1749:PMID
1741:ISSN
1700:PMID
1682:ISSN
1643:PMID
1625:ISSN
1586:PMID
1568:ISSN
1527:ISBN
1504:2014
1446:ISSN
1409:ISBN
1121:PMID
1113:ISSN
1072:ISSN
1026:ISSN
983:PMID
975:ISSN
929:PMID
921:ISSN
830:2014
791:OECD
775:2014
568:and
499:and
425:The
218:PTSD
162:OECD
108:and
98:wars
74:rape
30:and
4196:son
3714:Toy
3166:doi
3134:doi
3111:doi
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2998:doi
2898:doi
2811:doi
2729:CNN
2349:PMC
2341:doi
1886:doi
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1560:doi
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1378:doi
1343:doi
1308:doi
1273:doi
1103:doi
1064:doi
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