444:
343:
476:
40:
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612:, is caused by a re-entry rhythm in the atria, with a regular atrial rate often of about 300 beats per minute. On the ECG this appears as a line of "sawtooth" waves preceding the QRS complex. The AV node will not usually conduct 300 beats per minute so the P:QRS ratio is usually 2:1 or 4:1 pattern, (though rarely 3:1, and sometimes 1:1 where class IC
623:(AVNRT) involves a reentry circuit forming next to, or within, the AV node. The circuit most often involves two tiny pathways one faster than the other. Because the node is immediately between the atria and ventricle, the re-entry circuit often stimulates both, appearing as a backward (retrograde) conducted P-wave buried within or occurring just
575:. Some atrial tachycardias, rather than being a result of increased automaticity may be a result of a micro-reentrant circuit (defined by some as less than 2 cm in longest diameter to distinguish it from macro-reentrant atrial flutter). Still other atrial tachycardias may be due to triggered activity caused by after-depolarizations.
705:
689:
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has revolutionized the treatment of tachycardia caused by a re-entrant pathway. This is a low-risk procedure that uses a catheter inside the heart to deliver radiofrequency energy to locate and destroy the abnormal electrical pathways. Ablation has been shown to be highly effective: around 90% in the
648:
In orthodromic AVRT, atrial impulses are conducted down through the AV node and retrogradely re-enter the atrium via the accessory pathway. A distinguishing characteristic of orthodromic AVRT can therefore be an inverted P-wave (relative to a sinus P wave) that follows each of its regular, narrow QRS
616:
are in use). Because the ratio of P to QRS is usually consistent, A-flutter is often regular in comparison to its irregular counterpart, atrial fibrillation. Atrial flutter is also not necessarily a tachycardia by definition unless the AV node permits a ventricular response greater than 100 beats per
384:
Signs and symptoms can arise suddenly and may resolve without treatment. Stress, exercise, and emotion can all result in a normal or physiological increase in heart rate, but they can precipitate SVT in rare cases. Episodes can last from a few minutes to one or two days. They sometimes persist until
874:
SVTs can be categorised by whether the AV node is involved in maintaining the rhythm. If it is, manoeuvres slowing conduction through the AV node will terminate it. If it is not, AV nodal blocking maneuvers will not terminate it, but resulting temporary suppression of the AV node is still useful to
867:
blocking agent as pill-in-pocket, but regular medication may also be used to prevent or reduce recurrence. While some treatment modalities can be applied to all SVTs, there are specific therapies available to treat some sub-types. Effective treatment consequently requires knowledge of how and where
434:
Symptoms of heart arrhythmias, such as SVT, are more difficult to assess in infants and toddlers because of their limited ability to communicate. Caregivers should watch for lack of interest in feeding, shallow breathing, and lethargy. These symptoms may be subtle and may be accompanied by vomiting
605:
meets the definition of SVT when associated with a ventricular response greater than 100 beats per minute. It is characterized as an "irregularly, irregular rhythm" both in its atrial and ventricular depolarizations and is distinguished by its fibrillatory atrial waves that, at some point in their
842:
This therapy has further improved the treatment options for AVNRT (and other SVTs with pathways close to the AV node), widening the application of curative ablation to young patients with relatively mild but still troublesome symptoms who might not have accepted the risk of requiring a pacemaker.
838:
gas freezing the tissue to −10 °C (+14.0 °F). This provides the same result as radiofrequency ablation but does not carry the same risk. If it is found that the wrong tissue is being frozen, the freezing process can be quickly stopped with the tissue returning to normal temperature and
661:
is an initial slurred deflection seen in the initial part of an otherwise narrow QRS of a patient at risk for WPW and is an indicator of the presence of an accessory pathway. These beats are a fusion between the conduction down the accessory pathway and the slightly delayed but then-dominant
1639:
Schwagten, Bruno et al. "Long-term follow-up after catheter ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a comparison of cryothermal and radiofrequency energy in a large series of patients." Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of
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is a newer treatment involving the AV node directly. SVT involving the AV node is often a contraindication to using radiofrequency ablation due to the small (1%) incidence of injuring the AV node, then requiring a permanent pacemaker. Cryoablation uses a catheter supercooled by
808:
Once an acute arrhythmia has been terminated, ongoing treatment may be indicated to prevent recurrence. However, those that have an isolated episode, or infrequent and minimally symptomatic episodes, usually do not warrant treatment other than observation and explanation.
459:, which allows only a proportion of the fast impulses to pass through to the ventricles. An accessory "bypass tract" can avoid the AV node and its protection so that the fast rate may be directly transmitted to the ventricles. This situation has characteristic findings on
633:(AVRT), also results from a reentry circuit, although one physically much larger than AVNRT. One portion of the circuit is usually the AV node, and the other, an abnormal accessory pathway (muscular connection) from the atria to the ventricle.
506:(VT). In the clinical setting, the distinction between narrow and wide complex tachycardia (supraventricular vs. ventricular) is fundamental since they are treated differently. In addition, ventricular tachycardia can quickly degenerate into
712:
The following types of supraventricular tachycardias are more precisely classified by their specific site of origin. While each belongs to the broad classification of SVT, the specific term/diagnosis is preferred when possible:
674:
of the AV node itself initiating frequent heartbeats. On the ECG, junctional tachycardia often presents with abnormal morphology P-waves that may fall anywhere in relation to a regular, narrow QRS complex. It is often due to
652:
In antidromic AVRT, atrial impulses are conducted down through the accessory pathway and re-enter the atrium retrogradely via the AV node. Because the accessory pathway initiates conduction in the ventricles outside of the
839:
function in a short time. If after freezing the tissue to −10 °C the desired result is obtained, the tissue can be further cooled to a temperature of −73 °C (-99.4 °F) and it will be permanently ablated.
1990:) has this. He had his first attack on April 9, 2012 while golfing and was hospitalized over night. He was diagnosed April 17, 2014 in Hamilton ON after having an attack walking home from dinner on March 16, 2014.
1630:
Bhaskaran A, Chik W, Thomas S, Kovoor P, Thiagalingam A. A review of the safety aspects of radio frequency ablation. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2015;8:147-153. Published 2015 Jun 9. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.04.011
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571:) ability to generate electrical impulses that are common to all cardiac muscle cells, have established themselves as a 'rhythm center' with a natural rate of electrical discharge that is faster than the normal
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Electrocardiograms of the months. Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern with alternating conduction between the A-V node and the aberrant pathway (bundle of Kent). N Y State J Med. 1982 Dec;82(13):1847-8. PMID
585:
within the atria, distinguished by P-waves of at least three different morphologies that all fall before irregular, narrow QRS complexes. This rhythm is most commonly seen in elderly people with
514:
have been devised to assist in distinguishing between them. In general, a history of structural heart disease markedly increases the likelihood that the tachycardia is ventricular in origin.
563:
arises from an independent focus within the atria, distinguished by a consistent P-wave of abnormal shape and/or size that falls before a narrow, regular QRS complex. It can be caused by
331:. Atrial fibrillation affects about 25 per 1000 people, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 2.3 per 1000, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 2 per 1000, and atrial flutter 0.8 per 1000.
1534:
Hafeez Y, Quintanilla
Rodriguez BS, Ahmed I, et al. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia. . In: StatPearls . Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from:
2045:
360:
548:) that falls before a regular, narrow QRS complex. It cannot be distinguished electrocardiographically from sinus tachycardia unless the sudden onset is observed (or recorded on a
1913:
359:
1621:
Kotadia ID, Williams SE, O'Neill M. Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20(1):43-47. doi:10.7861/clinmed.cme.20.1.3
1887:
1374:
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Custer AM, Yelamanchili VS, Lappin SL. Multifocal Atrial
Tachycardia. 2020 Jul 19. In: StatPearls . Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. PMID 29083603.
662:
conduction via the AV node. Once an antidromic AVRT tachycardia is initiated, it is no longer delta waves but rather a wide complex (>120 ms) tachycardia that is seen.
820:, as well as antiarrhythmic drugs may be used, usually with good effect, although the adverse effects of these therapies need to be weighed against potential benefits.
1939:
1555:
Rosen MR, Moak JP, Damiano B. The clinical relevance of afterdepolarizations. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;427:84-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb20776.x. PMID 6378020.
791:, a form of SVT that involves a slow retrograde conduction over accessory pathway – occurs predominantly in infants and children but can occasionally occur in adults
812:
In general, patients with more frequent or disabling symptoms warrant some form of prevention. A variety of drugs including simple AV nodal blocking agents such as
296:
A normal resting heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute. A resting heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute is defined as a tachycardia. During an episode of
529:, except for its faster rate (>100 beats per minute in adults). However, sinus tachycardia is considered part of the diagnoses included in SVT by most sources.
1785:
1546:
Hadid C. Sustained ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease. Cardiol J. 2015;22(1):12-24. doi: 10.5603/CJ.a2014.0069. Epub 2014 Oct 9. PMID 25299497.
361:
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1586:
Alasti M, Mirzaee S, Machado C, et al. Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET). J Arrhythm. 2020;36(5):837-844. Published 2020 Jul 27. doi:10.1002/joa3.12410
2000:
1409:
Aumüller G. Die
Entdeckung des AV-Knotens des Herzens durch Sunao Tawara und Ludwig Aschoff . Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2019 Dec;144(25):1771–1777. German.
1467:
Lau EW, Ng GA (2002). "Comparison of the performance of three diagnostic algorithms for regular broad complex tachycardia in practical application".
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and death and merits different consideration. In the less common situation in which a wide-complex tachycardia may be supraventricular, a number of
1396:
1111:
1835:
788:
2042:
1046:
1007:
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455:, is protected (to a certain extent) against excessively high rates arising from the supraventricular areas by a "gating mechanism" at the
2029:
Severo, Richard (September 26, 2003). "George
Plimpton, Urbane and Witty Writer, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
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1180:
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1985:
1909:
1326:
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Lifestyle changes, medication and heart procedures may be needed to control or eliminate the rapid heartbeats and related symptoms.
2160:
851:
Most SVTs are unpleasant rather than life-threatening, although very fast heart rates can be problematic for those with underlying
1063:
Al-Zaiti, SS; Magdic, KS (September 2016). "Paroxysmal
Supraventricular Tachycardia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management".
227:
104:
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231:
112:
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Bibas L, Levi M, Essebag V. Diagnosis and management of supraventricular tachycardias. CMAJ. 2016 Dec 6;188(17–18):E466–E473.
966:, New Zealand's two-time world champion and Olympic champion rower, was diagnosed with SVT in 2013 when he was 27 years old.
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1935:
1702:
928:
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2275:
658:
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2824:
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treated. The rapid heart rate, if fast enough, reduces the opportunity for the "pump" to fill between beats decreasing
2864:
1320:
1262:
1174:
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1964:
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2509:
482:-Imaging with start (red arrow) and end (blue arrow) of a SV-tachycardia with a pulse frequency of about 128/min.
2804:
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502:, although, occasionally, electrical conduction abnormalities may produce a wide QRS complex that may mimic
3145:
2938:
2921:
2854:
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541:
525:
surge associated with fright, stress, or physical activity, provokes the tachycardia. It is identical to a
303:
Specific treatment depends on the type of SVT and can include medications, medical procedures, or surgery.
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Hadid C. Sustained ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease. Cardiol J. 2015;22(1):12–24.
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case of AVNRT. Similar high rates of success are achieved with AVRT and typical atrial flutter.
761:(Without rapid ventricular response, fibrillation and flutter are usually not classified as SVT)
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Mahtani AU, Nair DG. Supraventricular
Tachycardia. Med Clin North Am. 2019 Sep;103(5):863–879.
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chaos, stimulate a response from the ventricles in the form of irregular, narrow QRS complexes.
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Sound of a 20 year old male's heart in an episode of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
258:
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A 12-lead ECG showing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia at about 180 beats per minute.
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Atrial fibrillation: Irregular impulses reaching AV node, only some being transmitted.
393:. The following symptoms are typical with a rate of 150–270 or more beats per minute:
3222:
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1450:
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700:, then entering ventricle. Rhythm originating at or above AV node constitutes SVT.
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Bennett's
Cardiac Arrhythmias: Practical Notes on Interpretation and Treatment
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arrhythmias and pacing vol. 30,1 (2011): 55-61. doi:10.1007/s10840-010-9530-4
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567:, which means that some cardiac muscle cells, which have the primordial (
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637:(WPW) is a relatively common abnormality with an accessory pathway, the
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817:
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Permanent (or persistent) junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT)
511:
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415:
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Katritsis, Demosthenes G.; Camm, A. John; Gersh, Bernard J. (2016).
3021:
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697:
693:
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467:, is most commonly associated with supraventricular tachycardia.
319:
may be used for rate control, and selected patients benefit from
210:. This is in contrast to the other group of fast heart rhythms –
1754:"Abnormal coronary condition where the heart falls out of synch"
1197:
Zoni-Berisso, M; Lercari, F; Carazza, T; Domenicucci, S (2014).
597:
Atrial fibrillation: Red dots show atrial fibrillation activity.
39:
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Acute attacks of supraventricular tachycardia are treated with
552:). It may sometimes be distinguished by its prompt response to
410:
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311:, may be effective in certain types. For atrial fibrillation,
855:, or the elderly. Episodes can be treated when they occur by
532:
Sinoatrial node reentrant tachycardia (SANRT) is caused by a
657:, the QRS complex in antidromic AVRT is wider than usual. A
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1199:"Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective"
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281:
may be done to rule out specific underlying causes such as
120:
486:
495:
978:, notable author, sportswriter, and literary personality
593:
521:
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1936:"Heart trouble rules Cohen out of rowing World Champs"
775:(AVNRT) or junctional reciprocating tachycardia (JRT)
300:, the heart beats about 150 to 220 times per minute.
2054:
1286:"Supraventricular tachycardia – Symptoms and causes"
868:
the arrhythmia is initiated and its mode of spread.
494:
Subtypes of SVT can often be distinguished by their
1000:"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of an Arrhythmia?"
257:. They are generally due to one of two mechanisms:
2168:
1162:
581:(MAT) is tachycardia arising from at least three
3235:
1166:Clinical Cardiology: Current Practice Guidelines
670:(JET) is a rare tachycardia caused by increased
1928:
1700:Re-entrant Supraventricular Tachycardia (RSVT)
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1580:
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1031:
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249:These abnormal rhythms start from either the
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447:Mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardias
2471:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
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2147:
2043:Cardiac Disorders – Open Directory Project
1577:
1257:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1372.
1192:
1190:
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631:Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia
498:(ECG) characteristics. Most have a narrow
38:
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1246:
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1365:Iyer, V. Ramesh, MD, MRCP (2014-03-26).
1169:. Oxford University Press. p. 538.
1118:
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649:complexes, due to retrograde conduction.
592:
485:
474:
442:
181:Medications, medical procedures, surgery
139:, SA Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (SANRT)
1676:"What Is Supraventricular Tachycardia?"
1651:"What Is Supraventricular Tachycardia?"
1377:from the original on September 11, 2014
1308:
1187:
1114:from the original on February 18, 2015.
875:unmask the underlying abnormal rhythm.
228:paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
105:paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
3236:
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1984:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1912:. Radio New Zealand. 26 August 2013.
1469:Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology
1466:
1315:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49.
1250:
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1010:from the original on 19 February 2015
948:, American Gold Medal Olympic swimmer
942:, American Gold Medal Olympic swimmer
435:and/or a decrease in responsiveness.
334:
152:increased cardiac muscle automaticity
2529:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
1942:from the original on 1 November 2013
1916:from the original on 2 November 2013
1601:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1364:
1280:
1278:
929:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
218:. There are four main types of SVT:
1371:Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
779:AV reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT)
13:
2825:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
1049:from the original on June 7, 2015.
781:– visible or concealed (including
627:the regular, narrow QRS complexes.
438:
353:Supraventricular Tachycardia Sound
341:
238:, feeling of faintness, sweating,
14:
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2036:
1784:. News of the World. 3 Nov 2008.
1275:
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1782:"Anastacia delays heart surgery"
1481:10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00822.x
1329:from the original on 2016-10-02.
1271:from the original on 2016-10-02.
1183:from the original on 2016-10-02.
1104:"How Are Arrhythmias Diagnosed?"
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357:
2510:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
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1967:from the original on 2017-09-08
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1886:Ian Anderson (27 August 2013).
1879:
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1854:
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1800:
1788:from the original on 2012-03-14
1774:
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1597:"Supraventricular Tachycardias"
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756:with rapid ventricular response
750:with rapid ventricular response
234:. The symptoms of SVT include
1367:"Supraventricular Tachycardia"
1135:"How Are Arrhythmias Treated?"
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797:Junctional ectopic tachycardia
783:Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
773:AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
668:Junctional ectopic tachycardia
635:Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
621:AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
451:The main pumping chamber, the
232:Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
109:Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
1:
3027:Pulseless electrical activity
2956:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
2830:Catecholaminergic polymorphic
1254:Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017
982:
972:, American singer and actress
936:, American singer-songwriter.
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742:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
579:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
463:. A congenital heart lesion,
1816:. Los Angeles. 20 March 2008
954:, Australian football player
846:
550:continuous monitoring device
470:
265:. Diagnosis is typically by
196:Supraventricular tachycardia
25:Supraventricular tachycardia
16:Abnormally fast heart rhythm
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569:primitive, inborn, inherent
216:lower chambers of the heart
80:, feeling faint, sweating,
33:Supraventricular arrhythmia
10:
3260:
2971:Wandering atrial pacemaker
2518:non-infective endocarditis
2459:Endocardial fibroelastosis
1345:10.1016/j.mcna.2019.05.007
1309:Bennett, David H. (2012).
544:of normal shape and size (
307:, or a procedure known as
202:) is an umbrella term for
51:strip showing PSVT with a
3188:
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3049:hexaxial reference system
3040:
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2979:
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2058:
1077:10.1016/j.cnc.2016.04.005
905:, bronze medalist in the
536:circuit localised to the
323:(anticoagulants) such as
291:electrolyte abnormalities
214:, which start within the
185:
177:
157:
143:
92:
71:
59:
46:
37:
29:
24:
2929:Ventricular fibrillation
2200:Coronary artery aneurysm
1938:. TVNZ. 26 August 2013.
897:, American professional
508:ventricular fibrillation
313:calcium channel blockers
3206:Diastolic heart failure
3180:Athletic heart syndrome
3141:Ventricular hypertrophy
2875:Pre-excitation syndrome
2729:Left posterior fascicle
2254:Acute coronary syndrome
2194:Coronary artery disease
1864:. TMZ.com. 2013-03-23.
1251:Ferri, Fred F. (2016).
824:Radiofrequency ablation
504:ventricular tachycardia
212:ventricular tachycardia
208:upper part of the heart
2724:Left anterior fascicle
2504:infective endocarditis
2289:Hibernating myocardium
2170:Cardiovascular disease
1705:June 19, 2006, at the
890:Notable cases of SVT:
863:injection or taking a
853:ischemic heart disease
709:
701:
696:, traversing atria to
598:
491:
483:
448:
346:
263:increased automaticity
2888:Wolff–Parkinson–White
2848:Premature contraction
2746:Adams–Stokes syndrome
2449:Loeffler endocarditis
2259:Myocardial infarction
2007:. MTV. Archived from
1762:. UK. 20 October 2003
1515:10.5603/CJ.a2014.0069
1203:Clinical Epidemiology
1039:"Types of Arrhythmia"
707:
691:
596:
489:
478:
457:atrioventricular node
446:
429:Loss of consciousness
345:
255:atrioventricular node
3055:Right axis deviation
3017:Sudden cardiac death
2375:Pericardial effusion
2318:Ventricular aneurysm
1441:. Epub 2016 Oct 24.
1417:. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
920:2008 Summer Olympics
907:2004 Summer Olympics
329:novel anticoagulants
3060:Left axis deviation
2917:Atrial fibrillation
2912:Ventricular flutter
2835:Torsades de pointes
2709:Bundle branch block
2668:Sick sinus syndrome
2454:Cardiac amyloidosis
2439:Tachycardia-induced
2294:Myocardial stunning
2242:Prinzmetal's angina
2211:Coronary thrombosis
1735:. Usavolleyball.org
1517:. Epub 2014 Oct 9.
1439:10.1503/cmaj.160079
1415:10.1055/a-0819-7328
1216:10.2147/CLEP.S47385
960:, wrestling manager
912:Tayyiba Haneef-Park
903:1998 Tour de France
886:Society and culture
748:Atrial fibrillation
734:Ectopic (unifocal)
692:Impulse arising in
614:antiarrhythmic drug
603:Atrial fibrillation
559:Ectopic (unifocal)
527:normal sinus rhythm
406:Shortness of breath
240:shortness of breath
220:atrial fibrillation
97:Atrial fibrillation
82:shortness of breath
3244:Cardiac arrhythmia
3163:Atrial enlargement
2961:Pacemaker syndrome
2883:Lown–Ganong–Levine
2805:Junctional ectopic
2800:AV nodal reentrant
2306:Myocardial rupture
2216:Coronary vasospasm
2048:2017-03-16 at the
1813:The New York Times
1716:2007-07-03 at the
1603:. 9 September 2020
918:competitor in the
736:atrial tachycardia
710:
702:
599:
561:atrial tachycardia
492:
484:
449:
347:
335:Signs and symptoms
204:fast heart rhythms
137:Atrial tachycardia
3231:
3230:
3223:Obstructive shock
3127:
3126:
3074:Short QT syndrome
3041:Other / ungrouped
3032:Sinoatrial arrest
2947:Ectopic pacemaker
2843:
2842:
2663:Sinus bradycardia
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2380:Cardiac tamponade
2333:
2332:
2323:Dressler syndrome
2221:Myocardial bridge
2136:
2135:
857:Valsalva maneuver
540:, resulting in a
519:Sinus tachycardia
496:electrocardiogram
465:Ebstein's anomaly
389:and consequently
362:
309:catheter ablation
287:pheochromocytomas
267:electrocardiogram
206:arising from the
193:
192:
164:Electrocardiogram
159:Diagnostic method
125:Sinus Tachycardia
49:electrocardiogram
19:Medical condition
3251:
3196:Cardiac fibrosis
3088:T wave alternans
2981:Long QT syndrome
2775:Supraventricular
2771:
2770:
2704:Intraventricular
2651:
2650:
2491:
2490:
2342:
2341:
2187:Coronary disease
2184:
2183:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2056:
2055:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2011:on March 4, 2017
1997:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1932:
1926:
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1923:
1921:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1840:The Mercury News
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
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1804:
1798:
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1778:
1772:
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1526:
1507:
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1500:
1464:
1458:
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1362:
1356:
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1331:
1330:
1306:
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1299:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1116:
1115:
1110:. July 1, 2011.
1100:
1089:
1088:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1045:. July 1, 2011.
1035:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1006:. July 1, 2011.
996:
766:Atrioventricular
643:AV valvular ring
402:Rapid heart beat
364:
363:
344:
299:
42:
22:
21:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3218:Rheumatic fever
3184:
3123:
3036:
3003:
2975:
2933:
2892:
2869:
2839:
2811:
2758:
2750:
2644:
2627:
2535:
2484:
2475:
2391:
2385:Hemopericardium
2329:
2270:
2264:Unstable angina
2237:Angina pectoris
2230:Active ischemia
2225:
2173:
2167:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2067:
2050:Wayback Machine
2039:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1955:"Archived copy"
1953:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1860:
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1845:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1829:
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1806:
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1791:
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1765:
1763:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1718:Wayback Machine
1711:BobbyJulich.com
1707:Wayback Machine
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1638:
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1616:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1508:
1504:
1465:
1461:
1432:
1428:
1408:
1404:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1359:
1338:
1334:
1323:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1265:
1249:
1242:
1195:
1188:
1177:
1161:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1119:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1061:
1054:
1037:
1036:
1023:
1013:
1011:
998:
997:
990:
985:
976:George Plimpton
888:
849:
806:
686:
554:vagal maneuvers
473:
441:
439:Pathophysiology
416:Rapid breathing
382:
381:
373:
371:
370:
369:
368:
365:
358:
355:
348:
342:
337:
305:Vagal maneuvers
297:
283:hyperthyroidism
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3257:
3247:
3246:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3211:Cardiac asthma
3208:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3119:Strain pattern
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3009:Cardiac arrest
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:Andersen–Tawil
2985:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2909:
2907:Atrial flutter
2903:
2901:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2779:
2777:
2768:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2679:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2417:Cardiomyopathy
2414:
2413:
2412:
2410:Chagas disease
2401:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2361:
2350:
2348:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2099:
2084:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:Classification
2053:
2052:
2038:
2037:External links
2035:
2032:
2031:
2022:
1992:
1927:
1901:
1878:
1853:
1827:
1799:
1773:
1745:
1721:
1692:
1667:
1642:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1588:
1576:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1527:
1502:
1475:(5): 822–827.
1459:
1426:
1402:
1357:
1332:
1321:
1301:
1274:
1263:
1240:
1186:
1175:
1152:
1141:. July 1, 2011
1117:
1090:
1071:(3): 309–316.
1052:
1021:
987:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
952:Neville Fields
949:
943:
937:
931:
922:
909:
887:
884:
848:
845:
805:
802:
801:
800:
794:
793:
792:
776:
763:
762:
758:
757:
754:Atrial flutter
751:
745:
739:
725:
724:
685:
684:Classification
682:
681:
680:
665:
664:
663:
650:
639:bundle of Kent
628:
618:
610:Atrial flutter
607:
591:
590:
576:
557:
530:
480:Holter monitor
472:
469:
440:
437:
432:
431:
426:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
400:
398:Pounding heart
391:blood pressure
387:cardiac output
372:
366:
356:
351:
350:
349:
340:
339:
338:
336:
333:
321:blood thinners
271:Holter monitor
224:atrial flutter
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
168:Holter monitor
161:
155:
154:
145:
141:
140:
101:atrial flutter
94:
90:
89:
75:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3256:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3201:Heart failure
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3112:ST depression
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
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3069:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:Trifascicular
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2622:
2621:regurgitation
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:regurgitation
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:regurgitation
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2564:regurgitation
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2247:Stable angina
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2026:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1941:
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3133:Cardiomegaly
3107:ST elevation
3094:
3080:
3066:
3047:
2951:Ectopic beat
2899:fibrillation
2774:
2734:Bifascicular
2608:
2589:
2570:
2546:
2516:
2502:
2495:Endocarditis
2434:Hypertrophic
2368:Constrictive
2354:Pericarditis
2312:
2300:
2283:
2120:
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2086:
2071:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:the original
2004:
1995:
1969:. Retrieved
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1944:. Retrieved
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1918:. Retrieved
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1892:. Retrieved
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1870:. Retrieved
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1818:. Retrieved
1811:
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1790:. Retrieved
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1759:The Guardian
1757:
1748:
1737:. Retrieved
1724:
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1683:. Retrieved
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1605:. Retrieved
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1379:. Retrieved
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1293:. Retrieved
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1145:27 September
1143:. Retrieved
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1042:
1014:27 September
1012:. Retrieved
1003:
964:Nathan Cohen
946:Dana Vollmer
940:Rebecca Soni
899:road cyclist
895:Bobby Julich
889:
877:
873:
870:
850:
841:
831:Cryoablation
829:
822:
811:
807:
764:
726:
715:
711:
672:automaticity
624:
583:ectopic foci
568:
565:automaticity
564:
493:
450:
433:
383:
374:
302:
295:
248:
236:palpitations
230:(PSVT), and
199:
195:
194:
78:Palpitations
55:of about 180
2999:Romano–Ward
2966:Parasystole
2865:Ventricular
2817:Ventricular
2756:Tachycardia
2673:Heart block
2655:Bradycardia
2481:Endocardium
2444:Restrictive
2405:Myocarditis
2346:Pericardium
1846:13 February
1820:13 February
1766:13 February
1290:Mayo Clinic
1209:: 213–220.
970:Miley Cyrus
958:Paul Bearer
914:, American
500:QRS complex
279:Blood tests
30:Other names
2897:Flutter /
2860:Junctional
2795:Junctional
2788:Multifocal
2761:paroxysmal
2677:Sinoatrial
2646:arrhythmia
2641:Conduction
2397:Myocardium
1971:2014-04-17
1946:30 October
1920:30 October
1894:30 October
1872:2013-11-02
1739:2013-11-02
1455:PMC5135523
1295:2022-03-18
983:References
925:Tony Blair
916:volleyball
804:Prevention
717:Sinoatrial
659:delta wave
546:morphology
512:algorithms
411:Chest pain
377:media help
244:chest pain
86:chest pain
66:Cardiology
53:heart rate
3156:Pulmonary
2939:Pacemaker
2610:pulmonary
2591:tricuspid
2427:Alcoholic
934:Anastacia
927:, former
861:adenosine
847:Treatment
818:verapamil
471:Diagnosis
453:ventricle
421:Dizziness
242:, and/or
186:Frequency
178:Treatment
61:Specialty
3238:Category
3022:Asystole
2922:Familial
2616:stenosis
2597:stenosis
2578:stenosis
2559:stenosis
2554:prolapse
2276:Sequelae
2179:Ischemia
2046:Archived
2015:March 4,
1980:cite web
1965:Archived
1960:Facebook
1940:Archived
1914:Archived
1866:Archived
1786:Archived
1714:Archived
1703:Archived
1574:6961308.
1523:25299497
1497:42297040
1489:12049375
1447:27777258
1423:31847012
1391:cite web
1375:Archived
1353:31378331
1327:Archived
1269:Archived
1235:24966695
1181:Archived
1112:Archived
1085:27484659
1047:Archived
1008:Archived
882:(i.v.).
768:origin:
730:origin:
719:origin:
425:Sweating
325:warfarin
259:re-entry
148:Re-entry
107:(PSVT),
73:Symptoms
47:Lead II
2422:Dilated
2364:Chronic
2172:(heart)
2127:D013617
2005:mtv.com
1838:. USA:
1381:June 8,
1226:4064952
880:Esmolol
865:AV node
698:AV node
694:SA node
617:minute.
573:SA node
538:SA node
534:reentry
269:(ECG),
166:(ECG),
3102:J wave
2855:Atrial
2783:Atrial
2572:aortic
2548:mitral
2540:Valves
2486:valves
2338:Layers
2207:(SCAD)
2112:427.89
1792:30 Apr
1685:3 July
1660:3 July
1607:3 July
1521:
1495:
1487:
1453:
1445:
1421:
1351:
1319:
1261:
1233:
1223:
1173:
1083:
728:Atrial
542:P-wave
144:Causes
3189:Other
3173:Right
3151:Right
2765:sinus
2714:Right
2464:Viral
2359:Acute
2313:weeks
2284:hours
2196:(CAD)
2116:427.0
2097:I47.1
1733:(PDF)
1709:, at
1680:WebMD
1655:WebMD
1493:S2CID
1139:NHLBI
1108:NHLBI
1043:NHLBI
1004:NHLBI
799:(JET)
744:(MAT)
738:(EAT)
625:after
289:, or
273:, or
251:atria
117:AVNRT
93:Types
3168:Left
3146:Left
2763:and
2719:Left
2301:days
2122:MeSH
2107:9-CM
2082:BC81
2017:2017
1986:link
1948:2013
1922:2013
1896:2013
1848:2021
1822:2021
1794:2010
1768:2021
1687:2021
1662:2021
1609:2021
1519:PMID
1485:PMID
1443:PMID
1419:PMID
1397:link
1383:2014
1349:PMID
1317:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1231:PMID
1171:ISBN
1147:2016
1081:PMID
1016:2016
816:and
587:COPD
121:PJRT
113:AVRT
2103:ICD
2088:ICD
2073:ICD
1511:doi
1477:doi
1451:PMC
1435:doi
1411:doi
1341:doi
1221:PMC
1211:doi
1073:doi
461:ECG
327:or
315:or
298:SVT
261:or
253:or
200:SVT
189:~3%
150:or
133:JET
129:MAT
3240::
3096:ST
3068:QT
2949:/
2697:3°
2692:2°
2687:1°
2682:AV
2675::
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