1904:
1974:
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25:
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2665:, suffrage to women). The new Constitution also eliminated some archaisms of the old Constitution, such as the tax upon bride moving into bridegroom's house, prohibition on cantons to have military forces of more than 300 people, the mandate for cantons to provide each other with military assistance, and the prohibition of
2681:
The second chapter declares the federal power about areas that require uniform regulation, such as relations with foreign states, security, national and civil defence, general aspects about education, research, culture, the aspects about environment and spatial planning, public construction works and
2541:
towards the world". The latter provision about the "openness" present a drastic contrast with the previous Swiss constitutions which were mostly oriented toward the internal isolationism. The new preamble also provides a provision about responsibility before and the rights of the future generations
2276:
It provides an explicit provision for nine fundamental rights, which up until then had only been discussed and debated in the
Federal Court. It also provides for greater details in tax laws. The Constitution of 1999 has been changed by popular initiative ten times in the period of 2002 to 2014, as
2272:
The
Federal Constitution was wholly revised for the second time in the 1990s, when the new version was approved by popular and cantonal vote on 18 April 1999. It came into force on 1 January 2000. The 1999 Constitution of Switzerland consists of a preamble and six parts, which together make up 196
2709:
Title 5 regulates the function and responsibilities of the
Federal Government. It provides for three branches of the government represented by three bodies: the Federal Assembly (two chambers, representing the Legislative power), Federal Council (the Executive power), and the Federal Court (the
2682:
transport, energy and communications, economy in general, concerns about housing, employment, social security and health, about the rights of residence and settlement of foreign nationals, and finally about the responsibility regarding the civil and criminal law, weights and measures.
1975:
2645:
Title 2 also covers the essential rules on the acquisition of Swiss citizenship and of the exercise of political rights. Furthermore, it contains a number of not directly enforceable "social goals" which the state shall strive to ensure, including the availability of
2516:
in continuance of Swiss constitutional tradition. It is a mandate to the State authorities by the Swiss people and cantons, as the
Confederation's constituent powers, to adhere to the values listed in the preamble, which include
2677:
Title 3 describes in the first chapter the relationships between the
Confederation, the cantons and the communes. The cantons retain their own constitutions, but in the case of contradiction the Federal Constitution prevails.
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
1927:
4171:
2661:
Title 2 refers to Swiss people as "women and men of
Switzerland" as a sign of acknowledging gender discrimination in the past (Switzerland became the second to last country in Europe that granted,
2169:" was introduced, under which a certain number of voters could make a request to amend a constitutional article, or even to introduce a new article into the constitution. This mechanism is called
2026:, in which a majority of the people and the cantons voted in favour. It replaced the prior federal constitution of 1874, which it was intended to bring up to date without changing its substance.
2138:, with a constitution promulgated on 12 September 1848. This constitution provided for the cantons' sovereignty, as long as this did not impinge on the Federal Constitution. The creation of a
428:
2302:
2545:
The general provisions contained in Title 1 (articles 1–6) define the characteristic traits of the Swiss state on all of its three levels of authority: federal, cantonal and
4706:
418:
3019:
2115:
in 1830, a number of large assemblies were held calling for new cantonal constitutions. The modifications to the cantonal constitutions made during this period of "
2710:
Judicial power). The main differences compared to the previous constitution deal with the supervisory activity of the
Federal Court of the Federal Legislature.
3008:
Kley (2011): "Das
Parlament wurde als Folge eines Kompromisses zwischen Zentralisten und Föderalisten nach amerikan. Vorbild als Zweikammersystem ausgestaltet"
2481:
2370:
2634:
decided to codify that case law in the form of a comprehensive bill of rights, which is substantially congruent with the rights guaranteed in the ECHR, the
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2462:
1094:
2116:
4249:
2071:
1890:
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1728:
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739:
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English is not an official language of the Swiss
Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force.
1909:
4361:
1758:
3194:
1788:
1679:
332:
1773:
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89:
42:
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1803:
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61:
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68:
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Twelve such changes were made in the period of 1893 to 1994 (with no changes during the thirty-year period of 1950–1980):
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2155:
2019:), delineates the responsibilities of the cantons and the Confederation and establishes the federal authorities of government.
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994:
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75:
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909:
804:
789:
764:
759:
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357:
243:
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3060:
2624:
2619:'s extensive case law developed an array of implicit or "unwritten" fundamental rights, drawing upon the case law of the
2448:
2311:
1833:
1818:
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4518:
4331:
3974:
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1503:
999:
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57:
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108:
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3584:
3309:
2151:
899:
874:
819:
414:
214:
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of independent states, not a federal state; as such it was based on treaties rather than a constitution. The
1702:
1480:
1029:
984:
914:
864:
325:
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the
Confederacy, while the individual cantons drew up cantonal constitutions, in most respects based on the
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2008:
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312:
2814:
Elgie, Robert (2016). "Government Systems, Party Politics, and Institutional Engineering in the Round".
2108:. The new cantonal constitutions in many cases served as precedents for the later federal constitution.
82:
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4134:
3984:
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381:
2611:, and some of them grew less significant as the 20th century wore on, such as the right to a decent
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4458:
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3671:
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3526:
3340:
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2234:
2173:. Thus, partial revisions of the constitution could – from this time onward – be made at any time.
2081:
2016:
448:
4579:
3061:
Bernhard Ehrenzeller, Philipp Mastronardi, Rainer J. Schweizer, Klaus A. Vallender (eds.) (2002).
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35:
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Title 6 regulates the revisions of the Federal Constitution as well as transitional provisions.
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2314:: provisions for the right of shareholders in Swiss public companies to determine executive pay
2119:" remains the basis of the current-day cantonal constitutions. Vaud introduced the legislative
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2023:
2004:
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989:
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1907:
Memorial page to mark the revision of the federal constitution of 1874, featuring the motto "
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2855:(official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland. 10 September 2016
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27 November 2005: restrictions on the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture
8:
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2221:
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of November 1847. As a result of the Sonderbund War, Switzerland was transformed into a
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2877:(official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland. 1 January 2016
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and consists of 35 articles. The 1874 constitution contained only a limited number of
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2105:
2063:
2000:
1967:
1955:
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1585:
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3169:
texts of Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999 (SR 101)
2084:, but with notable liberal innovations in the constitutions of the new cantons of
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2647:
2558:
2554:
2326:
8 May 2014: prohibition of convicted child sex offenders from working with minors
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1943:
1931:
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2982:
2976:
2951:
2945:
2939:
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2903:
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2774:
2693:
Title 4 clarifies fundamental political rights and in particular the rights for
2534:
2293:
30 November 2008: abolition of the statute of limitations for child sexual abuse
369:
4087:
3775:
3442:
3407:
3369:
3128:
3122:
3116:
2685:
The third chapter clarifies general financial aspects, in particular taxation.
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2282:
2131:
2067:
1595:
1570:
348:
158:
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4112:
4077:
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2582:
2526:
1989:
386:
353:
343:
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2549:. They contain an enumeration of the constituent cantons, affirm cantonal
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and the first title of the Constitution determine the general outlines of
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1993:
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151:
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3154:
3150:
2835:
2775:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
2714:
Title 6 Revision of the Federal Constitution and Transitional Provisions
2553:
within the bounds of the Constitution and list the national languages –
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3861:
3359:
3172:
2727:
2574:
2435:
2059:
2012:
250:
173:
168:
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guaranteed in article 53 of the old constitution. In consequence, the
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2655:
2522:
2495:
2287:
8 February 2004: indefinite confinement of dangerous sexual offenders
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1610:
338:
238:
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2569:. They also commit the state to the principles of obedience to law,
24:
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182:
2130:
The political crisis of the Regeneration period culminated in the
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2518:
2093:
1645:
1590:
2420:
Revision of the Federal Constitution and Transitional Provisions
4262:
3507:
3492:
3397:
2875:"SR 101 Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft"
2612:
2308:
11 March 2012: limitation on building permits for holiday homes
2204:
2097:
2089:
1655:
1640:
1555:
2672:
4682:
2530:
3502:
2265:
2101:
1660:
2475:
2058:
of 1798–1803 had a constitution largely drawn up by
2593:
Title 2 Fundamental Rights, Citizenship and Social Goals
3129:
2630:
In the course of the 1999 constitutional revision, the
3123:
3117:
2989:
2916:
2623:
and applying the fundamental rights guaranteed in the
2482:
Preamble and Title 1 of the Swiss Federal Constitution
1936:
Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft
4636:
2983:
2977:
2910:
2904:
2688:
2640:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1960:
Costituzione federale della Confederazione Svizzera
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2217:2 December 1928: exemptions on the ban on casinos
4751:
2585:, before closing with a reference to individual
2384:Fundamental Rights, Citizenship and Social Goals
1977:Constituziun federala da la Confederaziun svizra
1948:Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse
2268:landscape (limitations on trans-alpine traffic)
2214:on international treaties signed by Switzerland
2007:(states). The document contains a catalogue of
1919:Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation
3063:Die schweizerische Bundesverfassung, Kommentar
3042:
3040:
2704:
4243:
3188:
3020:"The Swiss state and its citizens after 1848"
2456:
1884:
2952:
2929:
2627:(ECHR), which Switzerland ratified in 1974.
2330:
1999:It establishes the Swiss Confederation as a
4257:
3037:
2946:
2940:
2673:Title 3 Confederation, Cantons and Communes
2305:: deportation of convicted foreign citizens
4250:
4236:
4172:Cultural Property of National Significance
3195:
3181:
2463:
2449:
2123:in 1846. Berne introduced the legislative
1891:
1877:
131:
3098:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2790:
2773:Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005).
2142:assembly was consciously inspired by the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3202:
1902:
2772:
2476:Preamble and Title 1 General Provisions
16:Constitution of the Swiss Confederation
4752:
2847:
2845:
2220:11 September 1949: provisions for the
4231:
3176:
2813:
2636:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2227:28 November 1982: provisions against
2165:In a partial revision of 1891, the "
4689:
3136:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2996:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2959:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2923:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2867:
2603:Title 2 contains the Constitution's
2066:, which was in turn replaced by the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2842:
2625:European Convention on Human Rights
2393:Confederation, Cantons and Communes
2338:This article is part of the series:
1988:) is the third and current federal
13:
4780:1999 establishments in Switzerland
4775:1848 establishments in Switzerland
2689:Title 4 The People and the Cantons
2350:
2022:The Constitution was adopted by a
14:
4811:
4760:Swiss Federal Constitution (1999)
3143:
2512:The preamble opens with a solemn
2248:23 September 1990: moratorium on
2011:(including the right to call for
4732:
4715:
4698:
4670:
4658:
4646:
3330:
1851:
290:
23:
3054:
3017:
2281:3 March 2002: accession to the
2180:20 August 1893: prohibition of
1913:" ("One for all, all for one").
34:needs additional citations for
3690:President of the Confederation
3011:
3002:
2965:
2892:
2807:
2766:
2750:Switzerland as a federal state
2621:European Court of Human Rights
2542:of the people of Switzerland.
2203:21 March 1920: prohibition of
2036:Switzerland as a federal state
1910:Einer fĂĽr alle, alle fĂĽr einen
1:
3161:as well as non-authoritative
3018:SFA, Swiss Federal Archives.
2760:
2009:individual and popular rights
1708:(Full list of Municipalities)
2187:5 July 1908: prohibition of
1499:Federal Administrative Court
263:Federal Constitution of 1874
58:"Swiss Federal Constitution"
7:
4785:April 1999 events in Europe
2792:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
2721:
2705:Title 5 Federal Authorities
2617:Swiss Federal Supreme Court
2599:Human rights in Switzerland
2355:Coat of arms of Switzerland
2195:proportional representation
2024:referendum on 18 April 1999
1546:Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)
137:Cover of the German version
10:
4816:
4685:Swiss Federal Constitution
2596:
2479:
2402:The People and The Cantons
2344:Swiss Federal Constitution
2171:federal popular initiative
2144:United States Constitution
2062:, in 1803 replaced by the
2039:
2033:
2029:
1551:Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)
126:Swiss Federal Constitution
4800:Federalism in Switzerland
4618:
4570:
4532:
4269:
4189:
4048:
3930:
3921:
3797:
3788:
3645:
3636:
3552:
3378:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3328:
3223:
3214:
2331:Constitutional provisions
2017:constitutional amendments
375:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
259:
249:
237:
225:
207:
197:
192:
167:
157:
147:
142:
130:
125:
3650:Administrative divisions
3537:list of cities and towns
2853:"SR 10 Bundesverfassung"
2581:, an explicit claim for
2362:Text of the Constitution
2156:House of Representatives
272:This article is part of
4765:Politics of Switzerland
3847:Pharmaceutical industry
3111: Andreas Kley:
2298:prohibition of minarets
2245:military training area)
2184:without anesthetization
283:Politics of Switzerland
4312:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3852:Science and technology
3695:Federal administration
2734:Schubert Jurisprudence
2356:
2241:(against the proposed
2199:Swiss National Council
2042:History of Switzerland
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1914:
1858:Switzerland portal
1724:Appenzell Ausserrhoden
1494:Federal Criminal Court
394:Federal administration
2755:Voting in Switzerland
2354:
2154:corresponding to the
2111:Following the French
2034:Further information:
1906:
1719:Appenzell Innerrhoden
1680:Cantonal legislatures
1561:Basel-Landschaft (BL)
1489:Federal Supreme Court
244:Federal Supreme Court
187:semi-direct democracy
4177:World Heritage Sites
3113:Federal Constitution
2371:Preamble and Title 1
2250:nuclear power plants
2212:mandatory referendum
2015:on federal laws and
1984:) of 18 April 1999 (
1504:Federal Patent Court
193:Government structure
177:assembly-independent
43:improve this article
4533:States with limited
3975:Firearms regulation
3544:Statistical regions
3353:Physiographic areas
2973:Kantonsverfassungen
2900:Kantonsverfassungen
2411:Federal Authorities
2254:26 September 1993:
2222:optional referendum
2167:right of initiative
2125:optional referendum
2046:Prior to 1798, the
2013:popular referendums
1685:Cantonal executives
364:Karin Keller-Sutter
159:Date effective
4770:Law of Switzerland
3940:Capital punishment
3872:Telecommunications
3766:Popular initiative
3091:has generic name (
2971: A. Kölz:
2898: A. Kölz:
2740:Special Provisions
2609:fundamental rights
2375:General Provisions
2357:
2322:immigration quotas
2296:29 November 2009:
2260:20 February 1994:
2256:Swiss National Day
2127:in the same year.
2121:popular initiative
1915:
1468:Popular initiative
382:Federal Chancellor
4634:
4633:
4225:
4224:
4185:
4184:
3995:Human trafficking
3917:
3916:
3784:
3783:
3761:Political parties
3754:Council of States
3677:Foreign relations
3632:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3139:, 3 May 2011.
2579:international law
2514:invocation of God
2473:
2472:
2233:6 December 1987:
2210:30 January 1921:
2193:13 October 1918:
2152:Council of States
2056:Helvetic Republic
2048:Swiss Confederacy
1901:
1900:
1621:Schaffhausen (SH)
1518:Foreign relations
435:Political parties
415:Council of States
267:
266:
215:Council of States
119:
118:
111:
93:
4807:
4795:1999 in politics
4745:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4691:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4663:
4662:
4651:
4650:
4642:
4571:Dependencies and
4270:Sovereign states
4252:
4245:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4205:
4198:
3928:
3927:
3909:Waste management
3842:
3802:Economic history
3795:
3794:
3749:National Council
3734:National Redoubt
3643:
3642:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3334:
3310:Military history
3280:Early Modern era
3197:
3190:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3103:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3076:
3049:
3044:
3035:
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3030:
3024:www.bar.admin.ch
3015:
3009:
3006:
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2862:
2860:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2770:
2632:Federal Assembly
2577:and respect for
2505:governed by the
2499:federal republic
2465:
2458:
2451:
2335:
2334:
2303:28 November 2010
2162:, respectively.
2148:National Council
2064:Act of Mediation
2001:federal republic
1982:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1930:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1729:Basel-Landschaft
1566:Basel-Stadt (BS)
425:National Council
407:Federal Assembly
366:(Vice President)
294:
269:
268:
219:National Council
135:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
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4727:from Wikisource
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4694:
4690:sister projects
4687:at Knowledge's
4681:
4671:
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4534:
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4265:
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4221:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4181:
4145:Public holidays
4044:
4025:Social security
3913:
3840:
3780:
3724:Law enforcement
3685:Federal Council
3624:
3605:Mountain passes
3548:
3374:
3335:
3326:
3258:Federal Charter
3253:Old Confederacy
3219:
3210:
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3146:
3097:
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2648:social security
2601:
2595:
2571:proportionality
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2436:Law portal
2431:Other countries
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
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2333:
2320:: principle of
2318:9 February 2014
2113:July Revolution
2070:of 1815, which
2044:
2038:
2032:
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1973:
1972:
1926:
1897:
1868:
1864:Other countries
1852:
1850:
1845:
1844:
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1694:
1676:
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1636:St. Gallen (SG)
1540:
1530:
1529:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1444:
735:
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464:
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451:
441:
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409:
399:
398:
335:(by seniority)
328:
326:Federal Council
318:
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308:
285:
232:Federal Council
138:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4813:
4803:
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4797:
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4790:1999 documents
4787:
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4679:
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4626:European Union
4622:
4620:
4619:Other entities
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4613:
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4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
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4574:
4573:other entities
4568:
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4329:
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3370:Jura Mountains
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3322:Historiography
3319:
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3305:Modern history
3302:
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3287:
3285:Napoleonic era
3282:
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3199:
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3185:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3149:Authoritative
3145:
3144:External links
3142:
3141:
3140:
3133:in the online
3109:
3071:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3036:
3010:
3001:
2993:in the online
2964:
2956:in the online
2928:
2920:in the online
2891:
2866:
2841:
2816:Insight Turkey
2806:
2785:(3): 323–351.
2764:
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2759:
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2730:
2723:
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2690:
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2674:
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2605:bill of rights
2594:
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2587:responsibility
2480:Main article:
2477:
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2283:United Nations
2270:
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2258:
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2246:
2231:
2225:
2218:
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2208:
2201:
2191:
2185:
2132:Sonderbund War
2068:Federal Treaty
2031:
2028:
1899:
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1703:Municipalities
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1633:
1631:Solothurn (SO)
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:Nidwalden (NW)
1608:
1606:Neuchâtel (NE)
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
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1525:European Union
1521:
1516:
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1481:Federal courts
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349:Ignazio Cassis
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163:1 January 2000
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99:September 2016
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4744:from Wikidata
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4585:Faroe Islands
4583:
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4557:South Ossetia
4555:
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4404:Liechtenstein
4402:
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4392:
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4387:
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4259:Constitutions
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3243:Early history
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3072:3-905455-70-6
3068:
3065:(in German).
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2136:federal state
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2099:
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2079:
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2077:Ancien RĂ©gime
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:confederation
2049:
2043:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1991:
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1690:Landsgemeinde
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1616:Obwalden (OW)
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1599:
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1576:Fribourg (FR)
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81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4739:
4722:
4710:from Commons
4705:
4684:
4562:Transnistria
4524:Vatican City
4503:
4150:National Day
4073:Coat of arms
4063:Architecture
4030:Swiss people
4020:Prostitution
3990:Homelessness
3960:Demographics
3945:Conscription
3882:Trade unions
3817:Central bank
3702:Human rights
3655:Constitution
3654:
3380:Subdivisions
3315:list of wars
3217:Major topics
3216:
3134:
3112:
3105:
3062:
3055:Bibliography
3027:. Retrieved
3023:
3013:
3004:
2999:, 2014.
2994:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2935:
2931:
2926:, 2014.
2921:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2881:14 September
2879:. Retrieved
2869:
2859:14 September
2857:. Retrieved
2822:(4): 79–92.
2819:
2815:
2809:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2732:
2717:
2708:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2660:
2644:
2629:
2602:
2583:subsidiarity
2544:
2527:independence
2511:
2485:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2343:
2312:3 March 2013
2275:
2271:
2175:
2164:
2129:
2117:Regeneration
2110:
2082:18th century
2075:
2045:
2021:
1998:
1990:constitution
1985:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1789:Schaffhausen
1646:Thurgau (TG)
1601:Lucerne (LU)
1591:Grisons (GR)
387:Viktor Rossi
370:Albert Rösti
354:Viola Amherd
344:Guy Parmelin
313:Human rights
306:Constitution
305:
213:Two (upper:
148:Jurisdiction
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4677:Switzerland
4600:Isle of Man
4535:recognition
4504:Switzerland
4439:Netherlands
4123:Röstigraben
4000:Immigration
3807:Agriculture
3681:Government
3565:Earthquakes
3290:Restoration
3275:Reformation
3238:Enlargement
3204:Switzerland
3106:Ehrenzeller
3104:. Cited as
3089:|last=
3047:bk.admin.ch
2699:referendums
2695:initiatives
2652:health care
2551:sovereignty
2507:rule of law
2492:Switzerland
2243:Rothenthurm
2229:overpricing
1994:Switzerland
1734:Basel-Stadt
1671:Zurich (ZH)
1656:Valais (VS)
1641:Ticino (TI)
1626:Schwyz (SZ)
1586:Glarus (GL)
1581:Geneva (GE)
1556:Aargau (AG)
732:Referendums
180:directorial
152:Switzerland
4754:Categories
4474:San Marino
4434:Montenegro
4414:Luxembourg
4394:Kazakhstan
4297:Azerbaijan
4130:Literature
3985:Healthcare
3970:Euthanasia
3950:Corruption
3862:Swiss made
3841:(currency)
3744:Parliament
3739:Neutrality
3360:Swiss Alps
3300:World wars
3263:RĂĽtli Oath
2761:References
2728:Referendum
2597:See also:
2575:good faith
2535:solidarity
2496:democratic
2273:articles.
2262:protection
2235:protection
2086:St. Gallen
2060:Peter Ochs
2040:See also:
1804:St. Gallen
1759:GraubĂĽnden
260:Supersedes
251:Federalism
69:newspapers
4590:Gibraltar
4409:Lithuania
4098:Languages
3965:Education
3887:Transport
3829:Companies
3672:Elections
3610:Mountains
3590:Hydrology
3527:Districts
3341:Geography
3248:Roman era
3081:cite book
2936:Volkstage
2828:1302-177X
2745:Swiss law
2547:municipal
2523:democracy
2277:follows:
2224:procedure
2182:schechita
2140:bicameral
1928:‹See Tfd›
1799:Solothurn
1779:Nidwalden
1774:Neuchâtel
1661:Vaud (VD)
1596:Jura (JU)
1571:Bern (BE)
1453:Mandatory
462:Elections
449:Elections
358:President
339:Beat Jans
274:a series
239:Judiciary
227:Executive
217:; lower:
4665:Politics
4610:Svalbard
4595:Guernsey
4542:Abkhazia
4489:Slovenia
4484:Slovakia
4459:Portugal
4317:Bulgaria
4212:Category
4157:Religion
4093:Helvetia
4088:Folklore
4005:Pensions
3935:Abortion
3867:Taxation
3729:Military
3638:Politics
3585:Glaciers
3553:By topic
3233:Timeline
3208:articles
3029:24 April
2836:26300453
2801:73642272
2722:See also
2667:absinthe
2638:and the
2539:openness
2488:preamble
2239:wetlands
2207:gambling
2189:absinthe
2072:restored
1784:Obwalden
1744:Fribourg
1666:Zug (ZG)
1651:Uri (UR)
1458:Optional
209:Chambers
199:Branches
185:under a
183:republic
143:Overview
4639:Portals
4514:Ukraine
4464:Romania
4424:Moldova
4382:Ireland
4377:Iceland
4372:Hungary
4362:Germany
4357:Georgia
4347:Finland
4342:Estonia
4337:Denmark
4322:Croatia
4307:Belgium
4302:Belarus
4292:Austria
4287:Armenia
4282:Andorra
4277:Albania
4196:Outline
4167:Symbols
4118:Romansh
4113:Italian
4078:Cuisine
4050:Culture
4035:Welfare
4015:Poverty
4010:Prisons
3923:Society
3877:Tourism
3812:Banking
3790:Economy
3595:Islands
3580:Forests
3560:Climate
3388:Cantons
3225:History
3167:English
3163:Romansh
3159:Italian
3130:Italian
2990:Italian
2953:Italian
2917:Italian
2663:in 1971
2656:housing
2567:Romansh
2563:Italian
2519:liberty
2503:cantons
2416:Title 6
2407:Title 5
2398:Title 4
2389:Title 3
2380:Title 2
2264:of the
2197:in the
2146:, the
2094:Thurgau
2080:of the
2030:History
2005:cantons
1968:Romansh
1956:Italian
1809:Thurgau
1769:Lucerne
1538:Cantons
429:members
419:members
333:Members
174:Federal
83:scholar
4605:Jersey
4547:Kosovo
4509:Turkey
4499:Sweden
4479:Serbia
4469:Russia
4454:Poland
4449:Norway
4429:Monaco
4399:Latvia
4367:Greece
4352:France
4327:Cyprus
4263:Europe
4217:Portal
4108:French
4103:German
4068:Cinema
4058:Anthem
3980:Health
3839:Franc
3834:Energy
3771:Voting
3660:Courts
3620:Rivers
3268:Growth
3206:
3155:French
3151:German
3124:French
3118:German
3069:
2984:French
2978:German
2947:French
2941:German
2911:French
2905:German
2834:
2826:
2799:
2613:burial
2559:French
2555:German
2501:of 26
2266:Alpine
2205:casino
2160:Senate
2106:Geneva
2098:Ticino
2090:Aargau
2050:was a
2003:of 26
1986:SR 101
1944:French
1932:German
1839:Zurich
1824:Valais
1814:Ticino
1794:Schwyz
1754:Glarus
1749:Geneva
1714:Aargau
456:Voting
276:on the
169:System
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4724:Texts
4707:Media
4580:Ă…land
4494:Spain
4419:Malta
4389:Italy
4203:Index
4162:Sport
4140:Music
4135:Media
4040:Women
3955:Crime
3615:Parks
3600:Lakes
3575:Fauna
2832:JSTOR
2797:S2CID
2531:peace
2494:as a
1964:Cost.
1923:SR 10
203:Three
90:JSTOR
76:books
4741:Data
4083:Flag
3902:road
3897:rail
3707:LGBT
3165:and
3157:and
3127:and
3115:in
3100:link
3093:help
3067:ISBN
3031:2024
2987:and
2975:in
2950:and
2938:in
2914:and
2902:in
2883:2016
2861:2016
2824:ISSN
2697:and
2654:and
2565:and
2537:and
2529:and
2521:and
2486:The
2158:and
2150:and
2104:and
2102:Vaud
1952:Cst.
1917:The
1829:Vaud
1764:Jura
1739:Bern
1440:2024
1435:2023
1430:2022
1425:2021
1420:2020
1415:2019
1410:2018
1405:2017
1400:2016
1395:2015
1390:2014
1385:2013
1380:2012
1375:2011
1370:2010
1365:2009
1360:2008
1355:2007
1350:2006
1345:2005
1340:2004
1335:2003
1330:2002
1325:2001
1320:2000
1315:1999
1310:1998
1305:1997
1300:1996
1295:1995
1290:1994
1285:1993
1280:1992
1275:1991
1270:1990
1265:1989
1260:1988
1255:1987
1250:1986
1245:1985
1240:1984
1235:1983
1230:1982
1225:1981
1220:1980
1215:1979
1210:1978
1205:1977
1200:1976
1195:1975
1190:1974
1185:1973
1180:1972
1175:1971
1170:1970
1165:1969
1160:1968
1155:1967
1150:1966
1145:1965
1140:1964
1135:1963
1130:1962
1125:1961
1120:1960
1115:1959
1110:1958
1105:1957
1100:1956
1095:1955
1090:1954
1085:1953
1080:1952
1075:1951
1070:1950
1065:1949
1060:1948
1055:1947
1050:1946
1045:1945
1040:1944
1035:1942
1030:1941
1025:1940
1020:1939
1015:1938
1010:1937
1005:1935
1000:1934
995:1933
990:1931
985:1930
980:1929
975:1928
970:1927
965:1926
960:1925
955:1924
950:1923
945:1922
940:1921
935:1920
930:1919
925:1918
920:1917
915:1915
910:1914
905:1913
900:1912
895:1910
890:1908
885:1907
880:1906
875:1905
870:1903
865:1902
860:1900
855:1898
850:1897
845:1896
840:1895
835:1894
830:1893
825:1891
820:1890
815:1889
810:1887
805:1885
800:1884
795:1882
790:1880
785:1879
780:1877
775:1876
770:1875
765:1874
760:1872
755:1866
750:1848
745:1802
740:1798
724:2023
719:2019
714:2015
709:2011
704:2007
699:2003
694:1999
689:1995
684:1991
679:1987
674:1983
669:1979
664:1975
659:1971
654:1967
649:1963
644:1959
639:1955
634:1951
629:1947
624:1943
619:1939
614:1935
609:1931
604:1928
599:1925
594:1922
589:1919
584:1917
579:1914
574:1911
569:1908
564:1905
559:1902
554:1899
549:1896
544:1893
539:1890
534:1887
529:1884
524:1881
519:1878
514:1875
509:1872
504:1869
499:1866
494:1863
489:1860
484:1857
479:1854
474:1851
469:1848
62:news
4653:Law
4261:of
3892:air
3719:Law
2787:doi
2533:in
2237:of
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1992:of
1966:);
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1819:Uri
255:Yes
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3508:VS
3503:VD
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3493:TI
3488:TG
3483:SZ
3478:SO
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3468:SG
3463:OW
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3453:NE
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3443:JU
3438:GR
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3428:GE
3423:FR
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