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Many colonists opposed the Act, not so much because it rescued the East India
Company, but more because it seemed to validate the Townshend Tax on tea. Merchants who had been acting as the middlemen in legally importing tea stood to lose their business, as did those whose illegal Dutch trade would be
1221:
the tea to be landed. Matters reached a crisis when the time period for landing the tea and paying the
Townshend taxes was set to expire, and on December 16, 1773, colonists disguised as Indians swarmed aboard three tea-laden ships and dumped their cargo into the harbour in what is now known as the
1070:
had been required to sell its tea exclusively in London on which it paid a duty which averaged two shillings and six pence per pound. Tea destined for the North
American colonies would be purchased by merchants specializing in that trade, who transported it to North America for eventual retail sale.
1220:
In New York and
Philadelphia, opposition to the Act resulted in the return of tea delivered there back to Britain. In Charleston, the colonists left the tea on the docks to rot. Governor Hutchinson in Boston was determined to leave the ships in port, even though vigilant colonists refused to allow
1111:
was one of several people who suggested things would be greatly improved if the
Company was allowed to export its tea directly to the colonies without paying the taxes it was paying in London: "to export such tea to any of the British colonies or plantations in America, or to foreign parts, import
1098:
In 1770 most of the
Townshend taxes were repealed, but taxes on tea were retained. Resistance to this tax included pressure to avoid legally imported tea, leading to a drop in colonial demand for the Company's tea and a burgeoning surplus of the tea in the company's English warehouses. By 1773 the
1119:
saw an opportunity to achieve several goals with a single bill. If the
Company was permitted to directly ship tea to the colonies, this would remove the markups of the middlemen from the cost of its tea. Reducing or eliminating the duties paid when the tea was landed in Britain (if it was shipped
1120:
onward to the colonies) would further lower the final cost of tea in the colonies, undercutting the prices charged for smuggled tea. Colonists would willingly pay for cheaper
Company tea, on which the Townshend tax was still collected, thus legitimizing Parliament's ability to tax the colonies.
1083:. Smugglers imported some 900,000 pounds (410,000 kg) of cheap foreign tea per year. The quality of the smuggled tea did not match the quality of the dutiable East India Company tea, of which the Americans bought 562,000 pounds (255,000 kg) per year. Although the
993:
The Act granted the
Company the right to directly ship its tea to North America and the right to the duty-free export of tea from Britain, although the tax imposed by the Townshend Acts and collected in the colonies remained in force. It received the
984:
warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. A related objective was to undercut the price of illegal tea, smuggled into
Britain's North American colonies. This was supposed to convince the colonists to purchase Company tea on which the
989:
were paid, thus implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right of taxation. Smuggled tea was a large issue for Britain and the East India Company, since approximately 86% of all the tea in America at the time was smuggled Dutch tea.
1241:
as they were called by the colonists, passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party. These harsh measures united many colonists even more in their frustrations against Britain and were one of the many causes of the
1018:
on December 16, 1773, when colonists (some disguised as Native Americans) boarded tea ships anchored in the harbour and dumped their tea cargo overboard. Parliamentary reaction to this event included the passage of the
1225:. Similar "Destruction of the Tea" (as it was called at the time) occurred in New York and other ports shortly thereafter, though Boston took the brunt of Imperial retaliation because it was the first "culprit".
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mobilized opposition to the delivery and distribution of the tea. The company's authorised consignees were harassed, and in many colonies, successful efforts were made to prevent the tea from being landed. In
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Proposals were made that the Townshend tax also is waived, but North opposed this idea, citing the fact that those revenues were used to pay the salaries of crown officials in the colonies.
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The Boston Tea Party appalled British political opinion makers of all stripes. The action united all parties in Britain against the American radicals. Parliament enacted the
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of 1767 created a profitable opportunity for American merchants to import and distribute tea purchased from the Dutch in transactions and shipments that violated the
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1253:
repealed the tea tax and others that had been imposed on the colonies, but it proved insufficient to end the war. The Tea Act became a "dead letter" as far as the
724:
1384:
1054:. The commission's proposals were rejected. The Act effectively became a "dead letter", but was not formally removed from the books until the passage of the
947:
1217:
undercut by the Company's lowered prices. These interests combined forces, citing the taxes and the Company's monopoly status as reasons to oppose the Act.
1749:
1177:. Consignees who were to receive the tea and arrange for its local resale were generally favorites of the local governor (who was royally appointed in
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649:
1739:
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recognized the implications of the Act's provisions, and a coalition of merchants, smugglers, and artisans similar to that which had opposed the
1754:
639:
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1099:
Company was close to collapse due in part to contractual payments to the British government of £400,000 per year, together with war and
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Duties on tea (charged in Britain) destined for North America "and foreign parts" would either be refunded on export or not imposed.
624:
619:
323:
1734:
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a number of taxes (including the tea tax that underlay this act) as one of a number of conciliatory proposals presented to the
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The Company was granted a license by the North administration to ship tea to major American ports, including
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which drastically reduced the Company's revenue from India, and economic weakness in European markets.
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976:. The principal objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled
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encouraged the consumption of smuggled tea as a political protest against the Townshend taxes.
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An act to allow a drawback of the duties of customs on the exportation of tea or oil to any of
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Consignees receiving the Company's tea were required to pay a deposit upon receipt of tea.
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was a part-owner of the business hired by the Company to receive tea shipped to Boston.
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The markups imposed by these merchants, combined with the tea tax imposed by the
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The Company was eligible to be granted a license to export tea to North America.
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1031:. These actions further raised tensions that led to the eruption of the
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were concerned, and was formally removed from the books in 1861.
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to be sold at the East India Company's sales, and to empower the
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Divided Loyalties, How the American Revolution came to New York
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The Company was no longer required to sell its tea at the
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his Majesty's colonies or plantations or farms in America
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on May 10, 1773, contained the following provisions:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1354:John Hancock, Merchant King and American Patriot
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1275:"Tea Act | Great Britain [1773]"
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1079:and were treated by British authorities as
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1750:Repealed Great Britain Acts of Parliament
1427:, and other legal issues relating to the
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1740:Laws leading to the American Revolution
1727:
1189:, and appointed by the proprietors in
353:Declaration of Independence (painting)
1755:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1773
1373:
324:Text of statute as originally enacted
1014:, this resistance culminated in the
44:adding citations to reliable sources
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1087:was more appealing in flavor, some
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1239:Coercive Acts, or Intolerable Acts
470:No taxation without representation
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1696:Taxation without representation
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1029:royal governor of Massachusetts
31:needs additional citations for
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1193:). In Massachusetts, Governor
1112:duty of three pence a pound."
210:Leader of the House of Commons
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1617:Administration of Justice Act
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1251:Taxation of Colonies Act 1778
1066:In the 1760s and earlier the
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1040:Taxation of Colonies Act 1778
769:Congress of the Confederation
284:Statute Law Revision Act 1861
158:commissioners of the treasury
152:; to increase the deposit on
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1128:The Act, which received the
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559:Committees of Correspondence
361:presents their draft of the
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1048:Second Continental Congress
974:Parliament of Great Britain
797:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
710:Declaration of Independence
690:Second Continental Congress
367:Second Continental Congress
363:Declaration of Independence
206:Chancellor of the Exchequer
136:Parliament of Great Britain
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1487:Royal Proclamation of 1763
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218:Territorial extent
164:to export tea duty-free.
1634:Conciliatory Resolution
893:American civil religion
832:Philadelphia Convention
569:Continental Association
334:Part of a series on the
1642:(March and April 1775)
1561:ministries (1766–1770)
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1115:The administration of
1038:Parliament passed the
844:Anti-Federalist Papers
783:Dissent and rebellions
695:27 colonial grievances
663:Political developments
549:Philadelphia Tea Party
480:Conflict over taxation
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747:Confederation period
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1421:Royal Proclamations
1412:American Revolution
792:Newburgh Conspiracy
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1668:Other legal issues
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1338:Ketchum, Richard,
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968:. c. 44) was an
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29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1594:
1539:(March 1766)
1533:(March 1766)
1498:Currency Act
1460:Molasses Act
1408:British laws
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1317:. Retrieved
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1229:Consequences
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1191:Pennsylvania
1167:Philadelphia
1160:
1152:
1130:royal assent
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1097:
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996:royal assent
992:
962:Tea Act 1773
961:
959:
898:Bicentennial
836:
817:Constitution
640:Intelligence
610:British Army
533:
494:Currency Act
371:Philadelphia
256:Commencement
246:Royal assent
186:The Rt. Hon.
124:Tea Act 1773
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1582:(1770–1782)
1545:(June 1766)
1543:Revenue Act
1524:(1765–1766)
1480:(1763–1765)
1436:Before 1763
1085:British tea
1025:Thomas Gage
279:Repealed by
260:10 May 1773
250:10 May 1773
1729:Categories
1627:Quebec Act
1589:Repeal Act
1531:Repeal Act
1332:References
1319:August 11,
1163:Charleston
1117:Lord North
1062:Background
464:Liberalism
436:George III
290:Relates to
189:Lord North
144:Long title
66:newspapers
1510:Stamp Act
1492:Sugar Act
1091:like the
1081:smuggling
966:13 Geo. 3
670:Loyalists
635:Diplomacy
605:Minutemen
489:Sugar Act
175:13 Geo. 3
154:bohea tea
55:"Tea Act"
1714:Category
1466:Iron Act
1448:Wool Act
1342:, 2002,
1201:Reaction
1183:New York
1089:Patriots
1044:repealed
1042:, which
720:Drafting
675:Patriots
382:Timeline
265:Repealed
170:Citation
1603:(1774:
1595:Tea Act
1558:Grafton
1554:Chatham
1454:Hat Act
1356:, 200,
1050:by the
980:in its
972:of the
725:Signing
630:Battles
534:Tea Act
412:Context
404:Origins
392:Battles
365:to the
177:. c. 44
80:scholar
1692:(1763)
1660:(1778)
1597:(1773)
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1570:(1767)
1512:(1765)
1506:(1765)
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1494:(1764)
1468:(1750)
1462:(1733)
1456:(1732)
1450:(1699)
1360:
1346:
1185:, and
1175:Boston
1173:, and
1105:Bengal
1012:Boston
982:London
871:Legacy
620:France
208:&
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1261:Notes
625:Spain
445:Ideas
240:Dates
87:JSTOR
73:books
1556:and
1358:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1321:2017
1249:The
960:The
357:The
59:news
1760:Tea
1103:in
1027:as
970:Act
369:in
42:by
1731::
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1312:.
1283:^
1246:.
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204:,
197:MP
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193:KG
191:,
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36:.
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