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his beloved, Evadne, is in love with
Raymond, Adrian goes into exile, presumably mad. Raymond intends to marry Idris (with whom Lionel is in love) as a first step towards becoming king, with the help of the Countess. However, he ultimately chooses his love for Perdita over his ambition, and the two marry. Under Lionel's care, Adrian recovers but remains physically weak. On learning of the love between Idris and Lionel, the Countess schemes to drug Idris, bring her to
501:, is unprepared for the plague, and flees northward, later dying alone amidst a stockpile of provisions. Adrian takes command and is largely effective at maintaining order, although the plague rages on summer after summer. Ships arrive in Ireland carrying survivors from America, who lawlessly plunder Ireland and Scotland before invading England. Adrian raises a military force against them and ultimately manages to resolve the situation peacefully.
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sister grow up with no parental influence and become uncivilised. Lionel develops a hatred of the royal family, and
Perdita grows to enjoy her isolation from society. When the king leaves the throne, the monarchy comes to an end and a republic is created. When the king dies, the Countess attempts to raise their son, Adrian, to reclaim the throne. However, Adrian opposes his mother and refuses to take the throne. He moves to
1813:
486:. Raymond goes alone to find that Constantinople has been seemingly deserted and soon dies in an explosion, the result of a trap laid by the Turks. He is taken to a site near Athens for burial. Perdita refuses to leave Greece, but Lionel drugs her and brings her aboard a steamship, believing it to be in the best interests of Clara. Perdita awakens and, distraught at Raymond's death, throws herself overboard and drowns.
482:. After a decisive battle near Constantinople's gates, Lionel discovers Evadne, who was wounded while fighting in the war. Before dying, Evadne prophesies Raymond's death, a prophecy which confirms his own suspicions. Raymond's intention to enter Constantinople causes dissension and desertion amongst the army because of reports of the
266:: The Last Man. The orphan son of an impoverished nobleman, Lionel is originally lawless, self-willed, and resentful of the nobility for casting aside his father. When he is befriended by Adrian, however, he embraces civilization and particularly scholarship. Verney is largely an autobiographical figure for
453:
Adrian and the others live happily together until
Raymond runs for Lord Protector and wins. Perdita adjusts to her newfound social position, while Raymond becomes well-beloved as an administrator. He discovers, however, that Evadne, after the political and financial ruin of her husband (on account of
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political ideals for which they stood. In a sense, the plague is metaphorical, since the revolutionary idyll of the élite group is corroded from within by flaws of human nature. As literary scholar Kari Lokke writes, "in its refusal to place humanity at the center of the universe, its questioning of
532:
who claims his followers will be saved from disease. Adrian unites most of the factions, but the fanatics declare their opposition to Adrian. Lionel sneaks into Paris, where the cult has settled, to try to rescue Juliet. She refuses to leave because the impostor has her baby but helps Lionel escape
441:
Lionel returns to
England to face the personal turmoil amongst his acquaintances. Lord Raymond, who came to be renowned for his exploits in a war between Greece and Turkey, has returned to England searching for a political position. Perdita and Evadne soon fall in love with him. On discovering that
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has stated that the novel "saw that the disaster of a pandemic would be driven by politics," and that the "spiraling health crisis would be caused by what people and their leaders had done and failed to do on the international stage—in trade, war and the interpersonal bargains, pacts and conflicts
433:
where Lionel, who bears a grudge against Adrian and his family for the neglect of the Verney family, intends to confront Adrian. He is mollified by Adrian's good nature and his explanation that he only recently discovered the letter. The two become close friends, and Lionel becomes civilised under
428:
Lionel's father was a friend of the king before he was cast away because of his gambling. Lionel's father left to take his life, but before he did so he left a letter for the king to take care of his family after his death. After Lionel's father died the letter was never delivered. Lionel and his
728:
over-reaching, this novel's devastating apocalypse strongly suggests that medicine had become too timid and ultimately come too late. The ineffectual astronomer
Merrival, for example, stands in stark contrast to the frighteningly productive Victor Frankenstein. Shelley's construction of Lionel
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after the impostor's followers imprison him. Later, when her baby sickens, Juliet discovers the impostor has been hiding the effects of the plague from his followers. She is killed warning the other followers. The impostor commits suicide, and his followers return to the main body of exiles at
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received the worst reviews of all of Mary
Shelley's novels: most reviewers derided the very theme of lastness, which had become a common one in the previous two decades. Individual reviewers labelled the book "sickening", criticised its "stupid cruelties", and called the author's imagination
513:, Lionel receives a letter from Lucy Martin, who could not join the exiles because of her mother's illness. Lionel and Idris travel through a snowstorm to assist Lucy. Idris, weak from years of stress and maternal fears, dies along the way during the fierce weather. Lionel brings her body to
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Verney's immunity remains a subject of significant critical debate, but the novel certainly demonstrates a deep understanding of the history of medicine, specifically the development of the smallpox vaccine and the various nineteenth-century theories about the nature of contagion.
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588:
along the way. A year passes without anyone else entering Rome, and Lionel resolves to leave with his dog and live the rest of his life as a wanderer of the depopulated continents of Africa and Asia looking for other survivors. The story ends in the year 2100.
687:
Hugh Luke argues, "By ending her story with the picture of the Earth's solitary inhabitant, she has brought nearly the whole weight of the novel to bear upon the idea that the condition of the individual being is essentially isolated and therefore ultimately
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her own political schemes) lives in poverty in London, unwilling to plead for assistance. Raymond attempts to support Evadne by employing her artistic skills in secrecy, and later nursing her in illness, but
Perdita learns of the relationship and suspects
626:. The novel expresses Mary Shelley's pain at the loss of her community of the "Elect", as she called them, and Lionel Verney has been seen as an outlet for her feelings of loss and boredom following their deaths and the deaths of her children.
959:, viii. "The last man!" Mary Shelley wrote in her journal in May 1824. "Yes I may well describe that solitary being's feelings, feeling myself the last relic of a beloved race, my companions extinct before me". Paley, Introduction to
544:, hoping to spend the summer in a colder climate less favourable to the plague. By the time they reach Switzerland, however, all but four (Lionel, Adrian, Clara, and Evelyn) have died. They spend a few relatively happy seasons at
376:: A young woman who chose to marry a repulsive suitor rather than wait for her true love, to provide for her ageing mother. Her devotion to her mother almost leads to her being left behind in England after the exile.
462:, accompanied by Adrian. Shortly after a wounded Adrian returns to England, rumours arise that Raymond has been killed. Perdita, loyal nonetheless, convinces Lionel to bring her and Clara to Greece to find him.
860:
described the book as
Shelley's "second great work of science fiction," saying that it provided "an existential mind-set for collectively dealing with the threat of a global man-made disaster."
316:: Lionel's sister, and Raymond's wife. Growing up an orphan, Perdita was independent, distrustful, and proud, but she is softened by love for Raymond, to whom she is fiercely loyal.
907:
was going on while the book was written. The book assumes that Greece would become independent but in later times go again to war with the Turks – which later decades indeed proved.
370:
who is oblivious to the plague, instead speculating about the condition of earth in six thousand years, until his family dies. Broken by his tragedy, he dies not long afterwards.
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that precede them." Botting has further described the novel as identifying "three patterns of modern democratic corruption, which would be exposed and exacerbated by a pandemic:
360:: Leader of the popular democratic party, Ryland has grand plans for the abolition of nobility before the plague, but is unwilling to govern England during the plague.
255:
published. It was critically savaged and remained largely obscure at the time of its publication. It was not until the 1960s that the novel resurfaced for the public.
225:
pandemic that rapidly sweeps across the entire globe, ultimately resulting in the near-extinction of humanity. It also includes discussion of the
British state as a
1146:
489:
In 2092, while Lionel and Adrian attempt to return their lives to normality, the plague continues to spread across Europe and the
Americas. The appearance of a
1966:
446:, and force her to make a politically motivated marriage. Idris discovers the plot and flees to Lionel, who marries her soon after. The Countess leaves for
763:, the novel shows that "this sense of racial superiority and immunity is unfounded: all people are united in their susceptibility to the fatal disease."
420:. She says she has edited these writings into the narrative of a man living at the end of the 21st century, commencing in 2073 and concluding in 2100.
618:, although other minor characters such as Merrival bear traces of Percy as well. Lord Raymond, who leaves England to fight for the Greeks and dies in
614:
Adrian, Earl of Windsor, who leads his followers in search of a natural paradise and dies when his boat sinks in a storm, is a fictional portrait of
17:
602:
Many of the central characters are wholly or partially based upon Shelley's acquaintances. Shelley had been forbidden by her father-in-law, Sir
759:
The novel also comments on the racism expressed by imperial European nations towards the rest of the world. According to Olivia Murphy of the
521:, and is met by the Countess, who reconciles with Lionel at Idris' tomb. Lionel recovers Lucy (whose mother has died), and the party reaches
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constitutes a profound and prophetic challenge to Western humanism." Specifically, Mary Shelley, in making references to the failure of the
2191:
825:"diseased". The reaction startled Mary Shelley, who promised her publisher a more popular book next time. Nonetheless, she later spoke of
174:
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which Lionel accepts and leaves for 2 years but chooses to return to England because he has not heard from either Adrian or his sister.
338:: A Greek princess with whom Adrian falls in love, but who loves Raymond. She is devoted and proud, even when she becomes impoverished.
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332:
princess and former Queen of the United Kingdom. She is haughty and ambitious, scheming to restore the monarchy through her children.
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flood coastal towns across Europe. At first, England is thought to be safe, but soon the plague reaches it. Ryland, recently elected
2161:
458:. Her suspicions arouse Raymond's proud nature, and the two separate. Raymond resigns his position and leaves to rejoin the war in
206:
1849:
1760:. Eds. Syndy M. Conger, Frederick S. Frank, and Gregory O'Dea. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1997.
1346:. Eds. Syndy M. Conger, Frederick S. Frank, and Gregory O'Dea. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1997.
1625:
478:, and negotiates his return to Greece. Shortly after this, Lionel and Raymond return to the Greek army and fight their way to
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518:
528:
In France, Adrian learns the earlier emigrants have divided into factions, amongst them a fanatical religious sect led by a
2186:
1611:
The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley and Jane Austen
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In the 20th century it received new critical attention, perhaps because the notion of lastness had become more relevant.
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finds Shelley again attempting to understand the scope of scientific inquiry. Unlike the earlier novel's warnings about
630:
509:
The few remaining survivors decide to abandon England, looking for an easier climate. On the eve of their departure to
1758:
Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley after "Frankenstein": Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley's Birth
1344:
Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley after "Frankenstein": Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley's Birth
392:: A young noblewoman who joins the Imposter's party to support her baby, but is later killed revealing his imposture.
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3. patriarchal and religious forms of populism that manipulate the people's beliefs through fear and disinformation.
86:
64:
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Frankenstein. Eds. Audrey A. Fisch, Anne K. Mellor, and Esther H. Schor. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
1457:
Frankenstein. Eds. Audrey A. Fisch, Anne K. Mellor, and Esther H. Schor. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
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Frankenstein. Eds. Audrey A. Fisch, Anne K. Mellor, and Esther H. Schor. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
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57:
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1529:. Eds. Helen M. Buss, D. L. Macdonald, and Anne McWhir. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001.
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1875:
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Contours of the Fantastic: Selected Essays from the Eighth International Conference on the Fantastic in the Arts
1998:
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responses to it, "attacks Enlightenment faith in the inevitability of progress through collective efforts".
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1959:
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Thomas, Sophie. "The Ends of the Fragment, the Problem of the Preface: Proliferation and Finality in
904:
790:'s poem "The Last Man" (1824). (Campbell claimed Byron had taken his own poem from Campbell's idea.)
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2. authoritarian forms of populism that betray the people who bring an executive leader to power; and
241:, who drowned in a shipwreck four years before the book's publication, as well as their close friend
1723:
Wang, Fuson. "We Must Live Elsewhere: The Social Construction of Natural Immunity in Mary Shelley's
1371:
Eberle-Sinatra, Michael. "Gender, Authorship and Male Domination: Mary Shelley's Limited Freedom in
1442:'A Dark Image in a Phantasmagoria': Pastoral Idealism, Prophecy, and Materiality in Mary Shelley's
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741:
51:
841:
1147:"Guide to the Classics: Mary Shelley's The Last Man is a prophecy of life in a global pandemic"
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298:, but eventually chooses love over his ambition to become King of England. He instead becomes
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wrote that the novel was "an astonishing work" that "resonates with contemporary feelings of
290:: An ambitious young nobleman, Raymond becomes famous for his military efforts on behalf of
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1992:
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1749:. Eds. Betty T. Bennett and Stuart Curran. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.
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281:
238:
1599:
Peck, Walter E. "The Biographical Elements in the Novels of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley".
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Peck, Walter E. "The Biographical Elements in the Novels of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley."
720:(1818) engaged with scientific questions of electromagnetism, chemistry, and materialism,
606:, from publishing a biography of her husband, so she memorialised him, amongst others, in
8:
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280:. He is motivated by philosophy and philanthropy, rather than ambition. He is based on
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1775:. Eds. Michael Eberle-Sinatra and Nora Crook. New York: Macmillan; St. Martin's, 2000.
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Wagner-Lawlor, Jennifer A. "Performing History, Performing Humanity in Mary Shelley's
1709:. Eds. Michael Eberle-Sinatra and Nora Crook. New York: Macmillan; St. Martin's, 2000.
1549:
Nellist, Brian. "Imagining the Future: Predictive Fiction in the Nineteenth Century".
1383:. Eds. Michael Eberle-Sinatra and Nora Crook. New York: Macmillan; St. Martin's, 2000.
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1. slow yet steady institutional erosion of norms and practices of trust and equality;
572:, but a storm destroys the boat and drowns Clara and Adrian. Lionel swims to shore at
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322:: Adrian's sister, and Lionel's wife. She is loving, maternal, and self-sacrificing.
306:. Raymond is motivated by passion and ambition rather than principle. He is based on
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The Godwinian Novel: The Rational Fictions of Godwin, Brockden Brown, Mary Shelley
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Bannet, Eve Tavor. "The 'Abyss of the Present' and Women's Time in Mary Shelley's
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The novel received a further surge in attention in the 2020s. Rebecca Barr of the
1952:
1791:
1734:
Wang, Fuson. "Romantic Disease Discourse: Disability, Immunity, and Literature".
783:
603:
140:
1085:"Predicting the Patriarchal Politics of Pandemics From Mary Shelley to COVID-19"
386:) who creates a radical religious sect in opposition to Adrian while in France.
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2010:
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Adrian's influence. Adrian assists Lionel in pursuing political endeavours in
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1266:. Eds. James Gunn and Matthew Candelaria. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 2005.
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by Mary Shelley. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1965. xii
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followed several other last-man themed works including a French narrative (
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692:" (xvii). Shelley shares this theme of tragic isolation with the poetry of
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122:
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805:. A pirated edition was printed in the United States of America in 1833.
2016:
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Wells, Lynn. "The Triumph of Death: Reading Narrative in Mary Shelley's
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It appears that Shelley found inspiration for the title of her novel in
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1409:'The End of History': Identity and Dissolution in Apocalyptic Gothic".
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not only laments the loss of Shelley's friends, but also questions the
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430:
383:
367:
307:
242:
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Snyder, Robert Lance. "Apocalypse and Indeterminacy in Mary Shelley's
1553:. Ed. David Seed. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1995.
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210:
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O'Dea, Gregory. "Prophetic History and Textuality in Mary Shelley's
1822:
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Mary Shelley's Early Novels: "This Child of Imagination and Misery"
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413:
226:
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Spatt, Hartley S. "Mary Shelley's Last Men: The Truth of Dreams".
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Aaron, Jane. "The Return of the Repressed: Reading Mary Shelley's
946:, viii. Mary Shelley used this term in a letter of 3 October 1824.
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in London on 23 January 1826, and one edition in Paris in 1826 by
30:
This article is about the Mary Shelley novel. For other uses, see
1551:
Anticipations: Essays on Early Science Fiction and Its Precursors
1491:. Ed. Esther Schor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
689:
576:. Fearing to be the last human left on Earth, Lionel follows the
573:
447:
443:
329:
1945:
1827:
1690:'Islanded in the World': Cultural Memory and Human Mobility in
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Fisch, Audrey A. "Plaguing Politics: AIDS, Deconstruction, and
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Hopkins, Lisa. "Memory at the End of History: Mary Shelley's
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522:
510:
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Aldiss, Brian W. "On the Origin of Species: Mary Shelley".
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237:. The novel includes many fictive allusions to her husband
1338:
Cantor, Paul A. "The Apocalypse of Empire: Mary Shelley's
1259:. Ed. Susan Sellers. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
1190:, Vol 4, by Nora Crook, Pamela Clemit and Betty T. Bennett
1059:"Mary Shelley Created 'Frankenstein,' and Then a Pandemic"
1646:. Ed. Morton D. Paley. Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks, 1998.
1264:
Speculations on Speculation: Theories of Science Fiction
382:: Unnamed – a false prophet (from ambition, rather than
1767:'Little England': Anxieties of Space in Mary Shelley's
646:
1312:
Bennett, Betty T. "Radical Imaginings: Mary Shelley's
474:, Lionel learns that Raymond had been captured by the
1967:
Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men
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Mary Shelley's Fictions: From Frankenstein to Falkner
1707:
Mary Shelley's Fictions: From Frankenstein to Falkner
1510:. Ed. Michele K. Langford. New York: Greenwood, 1994.
1381:
Mary Shelley's Fictions: From Frankenstein to Falkner
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our privileged position in relation to nature, then,
1506:: Romantic Irony and the Roots of Science Fiction".
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as well as the sense of helplessness as we confront
1745:, History, and the Agency of Romantic Authorship".
1527:
Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley: Writing Lives
1301:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
408:states that in 1818 she discovered, in a cave near
276:: Son of the last King of England, Adrian embraces
221:in the late 21st century, ravaged by the rise of a
1472:'One Immortality': The Shaping of the Shelleys in
233:to gain insight to the governmental system of the
217:, first published in 1826. The narrative concerns
2080:"The Haunting of Villa Diodati" (2020 TV episode)
1536:Mary Shelley: Her Life, her Fiction, Her Monsters
1502:Lomax, William. "Epic Reversal in Mary Shelley's
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1517:'Unconceiving Marble': Anatomy and Animation in
1741:Webb, Samantha. "Reading the End of the World:
1349:Canuel, Mark. "Acts, Rules, and The Last Man".
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1613:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
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1167:
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1138:
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1411:Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation
1327:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1993.
1188:The Novels and Selected Works of Mary Shelley
1718:SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900
1572:
1299:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley: An Introduction
1076:
1047:
1044:Wang, "Romantic Disease Discourse", 471–474.
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714:Just as her earlier and better-known novel
639:(1805), translated into English in 1806 as
560:. The survivors attempt to sail across the
450:, resentful of her children and of Lionel.
229:, for which Shelley sat in meetings of the
1850:
1836:
107:
1273:'Read Your Fall': The Signs of Plague in
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877:
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87:Learn how and when to remove this message
974:"Science Fiction in France before Verne"
808:The novel was not reprinted until 1965.
597:
50:This article includes a list of general
1883:Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus
1489:The Cambridge Companion to Mary Shelley
1257:Feminist Criticism: Theory and Practice
1082:
1056:
703:
493:causes panic throughout the world, and
14:
2144:
1224:"Pandemic and the Horrors of Solitude"
1144:
1057:Botting, Eileen Hunt (13 March 2020).
870:
766:
1831:
245:, who had died two years previously.
1221:
1035:Wang, "We Must Live Elsewhere", 240.
647:Failure of romantic political ideals
36:
2192:Novels about diseases and disorders
344:: Daughter of Raymond and Perdita.
24:
1679:: Anatomy of Failed Revolutions".
1636:MOO Conference. 13 September 1997.
1584:: Apocalypse without Millennium".
1453:Johnson, Barbara. "The Last Man".
832:
631:Jean-Baptiste Cousin de Grainville
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2208:
2167:British novels adapted into films
1779:
1567:de Palacio, Jean. "Mary Shelley,
1562:Papers on Language and Literature
1360:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
328:: Mother of Adrian and Idris, an
18:The Last Man (Mary Shelley novel)
1976:
1857:
1811:
1431:and the Language of the Heart".
710:Human interactions with microbes
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2162:British post-apocalyptic novels
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1038:
1029:
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993:
829:as one of her favourite works.
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302:of England before returning to
1999:Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet
1932:The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck
1586:The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond
1455:The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond
1392:The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond
1222:Barr, Rebecca (9 April 2020).
980:
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933:, 74; Lokke, 119; Luke xi–xiv.
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251:is one of the first pieces of
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1:
1574:Revue de Littérature Comparée
1351:Nineteenth-Century Literature
1145:Murphy, Olivia (4 May 2020).
1083:Botting, Eileen Hunt (2021).
863:
258:
32:The Last Man (disambiguation)
2172:1820s science fiction novels
1960:Rambles in Germany and Italy
1876:History of a Six Weeks' Tour
881:Luke, Hugh J. Introduction.
811:
682:
354:: Sons of Lionel and Idris.
7:
2187:Religion in science fiction
1821:public domain audiobook at
1736:Nineteenth-Century Contexts
1571:: A Minor Romantic Theme".
1538:. London: Routledge, 1990.
732:
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423:
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1681:Nineteenth-Century Fiction
1603:, XXXCIII (1923), 196–220.
1228:Solitudes Past and Present
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540:The exiles travel towards
29:
27:1826 novel by Mary Shelley
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1985:
1974:
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1747:Mary Shelley in Her Times
1630:and the Plague of Empire"
905:Greek War of Independence
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416:painted on leaves by the
213:science fiction novel by
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1729:European Romantic Review
1478:European Romantic Review
1290:Eighteenth-Century Novel
1102:10.3389/fsoc.2021.624909
858:University of Notre Dame
742:University of Notre Dame
113:First edition title page
2177:Novels set in the 2090s
1208:Paley, Introduction to
1173:Paley, Introduction to
986:Paley, Introduction to
955:Paley, Introduction to
942:Paley, Introduction to
842:University of Cambridge
274:Adrian, Earl of Windsor
71:more precise citations.
2157:Novels by Mary Shelley
1698:118.2 (2003): 286–301.
1663:Studies in Romanticism
1573:
1433:Romanticism on the Net
1422:Romanticism on the Net
1279:Studies in Romanticism
1089:Frontiers in Sociology
817:Contemporary reception
776:
757:
556:before Evelyn dies of
2121:Thomas Jefferson Hogg
2116:John William Polidori
1738:33.5 (2011): 467–482.
1731:22.2 (2011): 235–255.
1720:42.4 (2002): 753–780.
1564:28.3 (1992): 283–304.
1480:16.5 (2005): 563–588.
1450:10.2 (2004): 228–244.
1413:41.3 (2000): 225–246.
1353:53.2 (1998): 147–170.
1281:44.4 (2005): 581–604.
1186:Introductory Note of
747:
708:Further information:
598:Biographical elements
278:republican principles
2097:Mounseer Nongtongpaw
2057:Rowing with the Wind
1993:Percy Bysshe Shelley
1686:Sussman, Charlotte.
1670:Studies in the Novel
1405:Haggerty, George E.
1320:26.3 (1995): 147–52.
761:University of Sydney
704:Science and medicine
641:Omegarus and Syderia
616:Percy Bysshe Shelley
525:en route to France.
282:Percy Bysshe Shelley
239:Percy Bysshe Shelley
2197:Henry Colburn books
2152:1826 British novels
2005:Mary Wollstonecraft
1939:The Mortal Immortal
1683:33 (1978): 324–347.
1675:Sterrenburg, Lee. "
1665:17 (1978): 435–452.
854:Eileen Hunt Botting
782:) ), Byron's poem "
767:Publication history
738:Eileen Hunt Botting
517:, interring her in
326:Countess of Windsor
145:apocalyptic fiction
103:
2106:in popular culture
1672:7 (1975): 526–537.
1624:Richardson, Alan.
1438:Hutchings, Kevin.
1292:2 (2002): 353–381.
1063:The New York Times
990:, xvi; Lokke, 117.
797:were published by
698:William Wordsworth
578:Apennine Mountains
519:St George's Chapel
414:prophetic writings
185:Three-volume novel
101:
2139:
2138:
1806:Project Gutenberg
1763:Wright, Julia M.
1577:42 (1968): 37–49.
1468:Kilgour, Maggie.
1318:Wordsworth Circle
1296:Bennett, Betty T.
673:Wollstonecraftian
665:French Revolution
253:dystopian fiction
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171:Publication place
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16:(Redirected from
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2025:(stepsister)
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1925:The Last Man
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1818:The Last Man
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1659:The Last Man
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1628:The Last Man
1627:
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1607:Poovey, Mary
1600:
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1569:The Last Man
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1523:The Last Man
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1373:Frankenstein
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1314:The Last Man
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1286:The Last Man
1285:
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1275:The Last Man
1274:
1263:
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1253:The Last Man
1252:
1246:Bibliography
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1217:
1210:The Last Man
1209:
1204:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1175:The Last Man
1174:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
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1066:. Retrieved
1062:
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988:The Last Man
987:
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771:
770:
758:
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736:
722:The Last Man
721:
717:Frankenstein
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686:
661:The Last Man
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651:
650:
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634:
628:
608:The Last Man
607:
601:
562:Adriatic Sea
539:
527:
508:
495:storm surges
488:
470:Arriving in
469:
452:
440:
427:
406:Mary Shelley
404:
401:Introduction
396:Plot summary
389:
388:
380:The Imposter
379:
378:
373:
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362:
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351:
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346:
341:
340:
336:Evadne Zaimi
335:
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288:Lord Raymond
287:
286:
273:
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268:Mary Shelley
263:
262:
249:The Last Man
248:
247:
235:Romantic era
215:Mary Shelley
202:The Last Man
201:
200:
199:
123:Mary Shelley
98:
83:
74:
55:
2075:(2017 film)
2067:(1988 film)
2059:(1988 film)
2051:(1986 film)
2044:(1984 play)
2017:Fanny Imlay
1448:Romanticism
1017:Lokke, 128.
1008:Lokke, 116.
963:, vii–viii.
546:Switzerland
542:Switzerland
374:Lucy Martin
207:apocalyptic
69:introducing
2146:Categories
2111:Lord Byron
2033:Portrayals
1897:Proserpine
1026:Luke xvii.
864:References
694:Lord Byron
624:Lord Byron
535:Versailles
456:infidelity
431:Cumberland
384:fanaticism
368:astronomer
308:Lord Byron
259:Characters
243:Lord Byron
77:April 2023
52:references
1995:(husband)
1233:15 August
1156:15 August
1111:2297-7775
1068:15 August
929:Bennett,
812:Reception
803:Galignani
683:Isolation
669:Godwinian
491:black sun
296:the Turks
211:dystopian
151:Publisher
2013:(father)
2007:(mother)
1911:Valperga
1890:Mathilda
1823:LibriVox
1199:Luke xxi
1129:33869576
850:COVID-19
784:Darkness
733:Politics
726:Faustian
667:and the
656:Romantic
586:sheepdog
505:Volume 3
476:Ottomans
466:Volume 2
424:Volume 1
364:Merrival
330:Austrian
294:against
227:republic
129:Language
2089:Related
1953:Falkner
1918:Maurice
1120:8022679
894:Luke xi
856:of the
740:of the
677:Burkean
612:utopian
574:Ravenna
448:Austria
444:Austria
314:Perdita
132:English
65:improve
2049:Gothic
1986:Family
1946:Lodore
1650:
1617:
1592:
1542:
1495:
1461:
1398:
1364:
1331:
1305:
1177:, xxi.
1127:
1117:
1109:
690:tragic
675:, and
610:. The
593:Themes
570:Greece
566:Venice
558:typhus
552:, and
484:plague
472:Athens
460:Greece
436:Vienna
410:Naples
390:Juliet
358:Ryland
352:Evelyn
348:Alfred
304:Greece
292:Greece
219:Europe
205:is an
119:Author
54:, but
2001:(son)
1904:Midas
1867:Works
564:from
550:Milan
523:Dover
511:Dover
366:: An
342:Clara
320:Idris
191:Pages
137:Genre
2182:2092
1696:PMLA
1648:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1601:PMLA
1590:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1521:and
1493:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1375:and
1362:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1235:2023
1158:2023
1125:PMID
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