38:
8180:
7063:
6626:
1111:, medical authors introduce the terms "true hermaphrodite" for an individual who has both ovarian and testicular tissue, verified under a microscope; "male pseudo-hermaphrodite" for a person with testicular tissue, but either female or ambiguous sexual anatomy; and "female pseudo-hermaphrodite" for a person with ovarian tissue, but either male or ambiguous sexual anatomy.
1768:. After her victory at the 2009 World Championships, it is announced that she has been subjected to sex verification testing, bringing intersex issues to the public eye. On 6 July 2010, the IAAF confirmed that Semenya is cleared to continue competing. The results of the testing are never officially released for privacy reasons and her personal status is unknown.
7328:
5356:; Dainius Pῡras, Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences; Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children;
1842:
orders Maule Health
Service to pay compensation of 100 million pesos for moral and psychological damages caused to a child, Benjamín, and another 5 million for each of his parents. Born with ambiguous genitalia, doctors surgically removed his testicles without his parents' informed consent, following
2094:
Senate publishes a second parliamentary inquiry into the wellbeing and rights of intersex people. On 17 March 2017, the president of the
Republic, François Hollande, describes medical interventions to make the bodies of intersex children more typically male or female as increasingly considered to be
2262:
rules requiring the medicalization of women with particular "differences of sex development", high testosterone and androgen sensitivity in sport, paving the way for the new rules to come into effect on 8 May 2019. During the legal challenge by
Semenya, the IAAF changes the regulations to exclude
818:
writes "the church allows the hermaphrodite to use the organ by which s/he is most aroused. But should s/he fail with one organ the use of the other can never be permitted and s/he must remain perpetually celibate to avoid any similarity to the role inversion of sodomy, which is detested by
2005:
Registration of
Persons Act 2015 allows for the birth registration of a child born a "hermaphrodite", and for children's change of name and change of sex classification. Many adult intersex persons are understood to be stateless due to historical difficulties in obtaining identification
1702:, including "all necessary legislative, administrative and other measures to ensure that no child's body is irreversibly altered by medical procedures in an attempt to impose a gender identity without the full, free and informed consent of the child". Intersex and transgender activist
2150:, publish a paper calling for a rethink of early genital surgeries on children with intersex traits, stating "Those whose oath or conscience says 'do no harm' should heed the simple fact that, to date, research does not support the practice of cosmetic infant genitoplasty."
1864:
Patrick Fénichel, Stéphane Bermon and other clinicians disclose that four elite female athletes from developing countries were subjected to partial clitoridectomies and gonadectomies (sterilization) after testosterone testing revealed that they had the intersex condition
2322:
In
October 2020, Boston Children's Hospital announces that they will stop performing clitorplasties and vaginoplasties in intersex infants and will wait until the patient can meaningfully participate in conversations about risks and benefits of the procedure and give
1953:
becomes the first country to outlaw non-consensual medical interventions to modify sex anatomy, including that of intersex people. In the same law, it also becomes the first jurisdiction to protect intersex and other people from discrimination on grounds of
5340:
2439:
Markantes, Georgios; Deligeoroglou, Efthimios; Armeni, Anastasia; Vasileiou, Vasiliki; Damoulari, Christina; Mandrapilia, Angelina; Kosmopoulou, Fotini; Keramisanou, Varvara; Georgakopoulou, Danai; Creatsas, George; Georgopoulos, Neoklis (2015-07-10).
4472:
1986:
Michaela Raab successfully sues doctors in
Nuremberg, Germany who failed to properly advise her. Doctors stated that they "were only acting according to the norms of the time". On 17 December 2015, the Nuremberg State Court rules that the
1911:
passes a law requiring intersex infants who may not be classed as male or female to be assigned as "indeterminate". The move is criticized by civil society organizations and human rights institutions as not based around principles of
672:, "born of Hermes and Aphrodite", as having "a physical body which is a combination of that of a man and that of a woman"; he also reports that such children born with such traits are seen as prodigies, able to foretell future events.
3013:
5061:
7323:
2318:
In July 2020, Lurie
Children's Hospital becomes the first hospital in the United States to stop performing medically unnecessary cosmetic surgeries in intersex infants and publicly apologizes to those harmed by past
5434:
2117:
Following a
European conference in March, the Vienna Statement is published. It calls for an end to human rights violations, and recognition of rights to bodily integrity, physical autonomy and self-determination.
2024:
orders the suspension of unnecessary normalization treatments for intersex children, including irreversible surgery, until they reach an age when they can make decisions on their own. This is overturned in August
6363:
879:("On the Laws and Customs of England", c. 1235) classifies mankind as "male, female, or hermaphrodite", and a "hermaphrodite is classed with male or female according to the predominance of the sexual organs".
7938:
1790:
while in prison. The Court also determines that he has not suffered from lack of identification documents, but is responsible for registering his own birth, following a failure to do so at the time of his
4706:
4634:
Fénichel, Patrick; Paris, Françoise; Philibert, Pascal; Hiéronimus, Sylvie; Gaspari, Laura; Kurzenne, Jean-Yves; Chevallier, Patrick; Bermon, Stéphane; Chevalier, Nicolas; Sultan, Charles (June 2013).
5168:
5480:
3608:
985:
court after petitioning for a change in sex classification from female. Two clinicians perform an examination and found that "the male sex is the dominant one". The petition is appealed and granted.
5684:
OII Europe; Bilitis; Intersex
Belgium; Intersex Iceland; Intersex Russia; Intersex Scandinavia; NNID; OII Germany; OII-Italia; OII Netherlands; TRIQ Inter*-Projekt; X-Y Spectrum (April 20, 2017).
7893:
3491:
5885:
5567:
1662:
7425:
2131:
publishes a report condemning "non-emergency, invasive and irreversible medical treatment with harmful effects" on children born with variations of sex characteristics in
Germany and Denmark.
2161:
publish a report on medically unnecessary surgeries on intersex children in the U.S., "I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me", based on interviews with intersex persons, families and physicians.
1861:, the UN Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, issues a statement condemning non-consensual surgical intervention on intersex people.
5222:
4012:
1446:
annulls the marriage of an intersex man who was "born a male and had been reared as a male" and subjected to "normalizing" medical interventions, on the basis that he is an hermaphrodite.
1786:, Muasya is convicted of robbery with violence. The case examines whether or not he has suffered discrimination as a result of being born intersex. He is found to have been subjected to
5089:
5900:
1309:
The first suggestion to replace the term 'hermaphrodite' with 'intersex', in medicine, comes from British physician A. P. Cawadias in 1943. This is taken up by other physicians in the
6300:
5599:
4417:
6220:
5496:
5295:
6410:
4432:
5693:
5051:
4538:
8017:
7879:
7928:
7588:
7362:
4767:
6070:
7430:
5418:
4386:
4480:
3977:
909:(1628–1644) on laws of succession: "Every heire is either a male, a female, or an hermaphrodite, that is both male and female. And an hermaphrodite (which is also called
837:
described hermaphrodites as "a mistake of nature", "grouped together with other supposed defects of the body, such as short stature, dark 'Ethiopian' skin, and lameness".
6389:
4901:
3031:
2270:
In May 2019, more than 50 intersex-led organizations sign a multilingual joint statement condemning the introduction of "disorders of sex development" language into the
273:
5189:
3572:
6359:
6275:
4804:
2237:. LGBT activists say that the law would be failing to make this category available to non-intersex people, and failing to address concerns about medical interventions.
1629:
is believed to be the first person in Australia to obtain a birth certificate recording sex as indeterminate, and the first Australian passport with an 'X' sex marker.
5780:
6250:
256:
5164:
4744:
4034:
Bödeker, Heike (2016). "Intersexualität, Individualität, Selbstbestimmtheit und Psychoanalyse Ein Besinnungsaufsatz". In Michaela Katzer; Heinz-Jürgen Voß (eds.).
2642:
7933:
5497:
4854:
2099:
1471:
5840:
6097:
5341:
4953:
6342:
5808:
4690:
4238:
5379:
4830:
3926:
5470:
7923:
7867:
6491:
5349:
3601:
1548:
and members of the direct action groups Hermaphrodites With Attitude! and The Transexual Menace demonstrate outside the hotel complex in Boston where the
6175:
5142:
5014:
1028:) grants hermaphrodites the right to choose their sex at the age of 18, if the sex of rearing proves to be wrong. It remains in force until 1900 when the
5631:
5370:"Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge"
4533:
3481:
4511:
3436:
7717:
7583:
5357:
2110:
publish an Australian and Aotearoa/New Zealand consensus "Darlington Statement", calling for legal reform, including the criminalization of deferrable
2029:
1360:
5869:
5663:
5557:
7816:
2040:, and other global experts on human rights and child rights call for an urgent end to violence and harmful practices on intersex children and adults.
853:
states "Also, within our time, a woman was seen attending the court in Connaught, who partook of the nature of both sexes, and was a hermaphrodite."
8097:
7898:
7669:
6595:
5374:
2044:
1920:
87:
5740:
1131:
newspaper in Wales publishes an article on the death in Cardiff of an intersex child who, at post-mortem examination, was determined to be a girl.
4364:
4338:
4323:
8044:
7629:
7593:
4720:
4458:
4252:
2300:(Madurai Bench) hands down a landmark judgment and issues a direction to ban sex-selective surgeries on intersex infants based on the works of
1460:(Stella Walsh) is killed during an armed robbery in a parking lot in Cleveland, Ohio, on 4 December 1980. She is found to have intersex traits.
4881:
4000:
2738:
7641:
6971:
5505:
5314:
5214:
5117:
4862:
4784:
4068:
2107:
6025:
2957:
2166:
630:
view sex as a spectrum between men and women, with "many shades in between, including hermaphrodites, a perfect balance of male and female".
5589:
3798:
6467:
5455:
5319:
4409:
4001:"Reproductive Organs and Differences of Sex Development: The Constitutional Issues Created by the Surgical Treatment of Intersex Children"
7972:
7884:
7707:
6228:
5908:
5285:
3438:
Historische Evaluation der Behandlung von Patienten und Patientinnen mit Besonderheiten der Geschlechtsentwicklung am Kinderspital Zürich
2367:
1804:
becomes the first intersex person known to have successfully sued for damages in a case brought for non-consensual surgical intervention.
5083:
3754:
2442:"Callo: The first known case of ambiguous genitalia to be surgically repaired in the history of Medicine, described by Diodorus Siculus"
7945:
7844:
4562:
4441:
3639:
2975:
2789:
2765:
1019:
578:
5721:
5106:
CAS 2014/A/3759 Dutee Chand v. Athletics Federation of India (AFI) & The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)
3868:
1894:
becomes the first parliamentary body to publish an inquiry into the involuntary or coerced sterilization of intersex people, entitled
8034:
7664:
7646:
7435:
5685:
5365:
4525:
4214:
3260:
Mathes, Paul (1924). Halban, Josef; Seitz, Ludwig (eds.). "Die Konstitutionstypen des Weibes, insbesondere der intersexuelle Typus".
2240:
On 28 August, California becomes the first U.S. state to condemn nonconsensual surgeries on intersex children, in Resolution SCR-110.
2211:
In February, Asian intersex activists publish the Statement of Intersex Asia and the Asian Intersex Forum, setting out local demands.
2033:
1902:
5528:; Nyhuis, Elise; O'Callaghan, Bronwyn; Perrin, Sandra; Smith, Cody; Williams, Trace; Yang, Imogen; Yovanovic, Georgie (March 2017),
2285:
In June 2019, a widely signed statement from intersex groups and their allies condemns the positions on intersex issues of the text
8039:
7619:
2271:
8165:
7913:
7849:
4636:"Molecular Diagnosis of 5α-Reductase Deficiency in 4 Elite Young Female Athletes Through Hormonal Screening for Hyperandrogenism"
3224:
Rasse, Gene und Geschlecht – Zur Konstituierung zentraler biologischer Begriffe bei Richard Goldschmidt und Fritz Lenz, 1916–1936
2517:. Loeb Classical Library Volumes 303 and 340. Translated by Oldfather, C. H. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
8000:
4759:
4382:
2518:
7634:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7400:
7101:
7026:
6573:
6438:
3949:
3635:
2214:
In April, Latin American and Caribbean intersex activists publish the San José de Costa Rica statement, defining local demands.
1995:
513:
65:
6385:
4897:
1152:, often with photos, covering the preceding 20 years. This includes surgery performed at the beginning of the 20th century by
8069:
7440:
6961:
5879:
5865:
5254:
5193:
5008:
4700:
4051:
3582:
3241:
Goldschmidt, Richard (1916). "Die biologischen Grundlagen der konträren Sexualität und des Hermaphroditismus beim Menschen".
3121:
3047:
2492:
2158:
1761:
1674:
1310:
1202:("intersex type woman") by Austrian gynecologist and obstetrician Paul Mathes His book is published after his death, in 1924.
896:
438:
341:
4800:
1569:
and Keith Sigmundson publish a paper discrediting John Money and his optimal gender model, after tracking down David Reimer.
6966:
6753:
6713:
6590:
6560:
5773:
5345:
4927:
2338:
2264:
2147:
1667:
443:
251:
211:
82:
53:
5031:
4554:
4144:
2308:
issues an order to ban sex reassignment surgery on babies and children in the state except in life-threatening situations.
7806:
7614:
7545:
5501:
4378:
2290:
2103:
1972:
In July, policies on sex verification in sport excluding women with hyperandrogenism are suspended following the case of
1937:
orders the Kenyan government to issue a birth certificate to a five-year-old child born in 2009 with ambiguous genitalia.
1475:
1232:
The German gynecologist and obstetrician Hans Naujoks performs what is described as the first complete and comprehensive
471:
6360:"'Transwoman A "Bride" Under Hindu Marriage Act': Madras HC; Also Bans Sex Re-Assignment Surgeries On Intersex Children"
5971:
5930:
5165:"Nuremberg Hermaphrodite Lawsuit: Michaela 'Micha' Raab Wins Damages and Compensation for Intersex Genital Mutilations!"
4734:
8029:
7624:
7609:
7420:
7357:
7243:
6539:
3278:
Rasse, Gene und Gesellschaft. Zur Konstituierung zentraler biologischer Begriffe bei Richard Goldschmidt und Fritz Lenz
2951:
2630:
905:
5535:
5403:
5369:
4850:
3833:
3707:
Simpson JL, Ljungqvist A, de la Chapelle A, et al. (November 1993). "Gender verification in competitive sports".
1835:
National Advisory Commission Biomedical Ethics publishes a report on the management of differences of sex development.
1810:, believed to be the world's first intersex mayor, is elected in the City of Hobsons Bay in the suburbs of Melbourne,
1489:
5830:
4434:
On the management of differences of sex development. Ethical issues relating to 'intersexuality'. Opinion No. 20/2012
3828:
3348:
1517:
6049:
5999:
5798:
2289:'Male and Female He Created Them': Towards a Path of Dialogue on the Question of Gender Theory in Education" by the
8155:
8150:
7995:
7828:
6610:
4232:
2803:
Bychowski, M. W. (June 2018). "The Isle of Hermaphrodites: Disorienting the place of intersex in the Middle Ages".
2441:
2180:
1988:
768:
that humans were created in two sexes, despite "as happens in some births, in the case of what we call androgynes".
102:
4826:
3890:
3322:
3296:
8216:
8160:
7811:
7734:
7681:
7676:
7293:
6936:
6812:
6802:
6201:
6150:
2198:
In November, Betsy Driver becomes the first intersex person openly elected to public office in the United States.
2077:
1787:
1753:
1653:
1429:
413:
280:
263:
2482:
1085:. Barbin was reassigned male against her wishes after clinical and legal examination. Her birthday is marked in
8012:
7796:
6946:
6931:
6718:
6659:
6635:
6600:
5398:
5138:
5113:
4995:
2910:
Greenberg, Julie (1999). "Defining Male and Female: Intersexuality and the Collision Between Law and Biology".
2279:
2263:
from the regulations high testosterone associated with XX sex chromosomes. Semenya appeals the decision to the
2251:
2111:
2059:
1980:
1832:
1549:
1334:
1233:
571:
423:
408:
216:
186:
148:
120:
92:
5973:
5621:
1611:
Indian athlete and swimmer Pratima Gaonkar commits suicide after disclosure and public commentary on a failed
8007:
7801:
7761:
7712:
7533:
6649:
6583:
6324:
5361:
5290:
5079:
4838:
4503:
4230:
2037:
1962:
1940:
The World Health Organization and other UN agencies publish a joint statement against coercive sterilization.
133:
75:
8022:
1843:
which he was raised initially as a girl until the age of 10 when tests revealed that he was male. (See also
613:
Sumerian creation myths, 4000 years ago, include the fashioning of a body with atypical sex characteristics.
8206:
7702:
7697:
7528:
7207:
6876:
6871:
6855:
6763:
6644:
5972:
Participants at the Latin American and Caribbean Regional Conference of Intersex Persons (April 13, 2018).
5653:
5562:
5451:
Variations du développement sexuel : lever un tabou, lutter contre la stigmatisation et les exclusions
3519:
2234:
2121:
1916:
1873:
1866:
1818:
1811:
1714:
1291:
934:(born c. 1603) in the United States, is ruled to have a "dual-nature" gender by colonial Virginia governor
353:
348:
328:
246:
128:
5352:; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;
5310:"Chilean Ministry of Health issues instructions stopping 'normalising' interventions on intersex children"
4945:
3456:
1696:
on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
8064:
7918:
7821:
7729:
7540:
7468:
7385:
7352:
6896:
6850:
6833:
6664:
5354:
Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
2183:, in addition to sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. Intersex signatories include
1580:
1248:. The female patient is described as fully functional after surgery and, starting in 1934, spontaneously
1086:
1068:
is an intersex person in Connecticut whose capacity to vote in male-only elections is questioned in 1843.
996:
867:
argues that a "perfect hermaphrodite" where no sex prevailed should choose their legal gender under oath.
373:
323:
306:
153:
5952:
3137:
2686:"The two laws and the three sexes: ambiguous bodies in canon law and Roman law (12th to 16th centuries)"
2396:
DeVun, Leah (June 2018). "Heavenly hermaphrodites: sexual difference at the beginning and end of time".
8144:
8056:
7771:
7458:
7369:
7162:
7094:
6999:
6906:
6828:
6807:
5736:
4558:
Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture's 2013 Thematic Report
4555:
Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law; Washington College of Law; American University (2014).
4342:
2017:
1908:
1677:
publishes the first report on the treatment of intersex people by a human rights institution, entitled
1612:
1425:
1356:
481:
383:
301:
293:
268:
6071:"Intersex People Want to End Nonconsensual Surgeries. A California Resolution Is Their 'Warning Shot'"
1031:
8079:
7513:
7484:
7202:
7048:
6956:
6951:
6921:
6901:
6881:
6748:
4967:
3199:
3169:
2275:
2091:
2002:
1443:
913:) shall be heire, either as male or female, according to that kind of sexe which doth prevaile." The
564:
550:
433:
428:
398:
378:
358:
236:
3110:
Herculine Barbin: Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a Nineteenth-century French Hermaphrodite
1457:
8211:
7905:
7781:
7405:
7308:
7278:
7217:
7197:
6941:
6926:
6916:
6911:
6891:
6886:
6568:
5509:
4874:
3597:
3142:
2730:
2595:
Mason, H. J., "Favorinus' Disorder: Reifenstein's Syndrome in Antiquity?", in Janus 66 (1978) 1–13.
2343:
2305:
2021:
1977:
v. Athletics Federation of India (AFI) & The International Association of Athletics Federations
1950:
1934:
1844:
1807:
1779:
1506:
ceases sex screening for all athletes, but retains the option of assessing the sex of participants.
1399:
1303:
1100:
982:
418:
403:
393:
388:
368:
363:
60:
5226:
5104:
4780:
3276:
3222:
1876:
passes legislation protecting intersex people from discrimination on grounds of "intersex status".
1170:
The terms 'intersex' for the individual and 'intersexuality' for the phenomenon are coined in the
8131:
7872:
7489:
7415:
7410:
7313:
7273:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7238:
7222:
6758:
5273:
Baseline Survey on Intersex Realities in East Africa – Specific Focus on Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda
3750:
1521:
241:
138:
4231:
Human Rights Commission of the City and County of San Francisco; de María Arana, Marcus (2005).
3788:
8184:
7964:
7390:
7347:
7337:
7318:
7303:
7298:
7288:
7268:
7212:
7187:
7167:
7146:
6845:
6768:
6691:
6532:
5449:
5309:
4208:"Judicial Matters Amendment Act, No. 22 of 2005, Republic of South Africa, Vol. 487, Cape Town"
3405:
Armstrong, C. N. (1964). "Intersexuality in Man". In Armstrong, C. N.; Marshall, A. J. (eds.).
3070:
Reis, Elizabeth (September 2005). "Impossible Hermaphrodites: Intersex in America, 1620–1960".
2636:
2363:
1839:
1639:
1553:
318:
180:
5978:
4997:
Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary sterilization: An interagency statement
4430:
4095:
3367:
2941:
1222:(pseudohermaphrodite), and doctors reported numerous different procedures of intersex surgery.
886:(c. 1300) includes a hermaphrodite, outside the borders of the world known to its makers.
7859:
7494:
7463:
7342:
7283:
7192:
7172:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7087:
6615:
6578:
6556:
6492:"Boston Children's Hospital will no longer perform two types of intersex surgery on children"
4317:
4266:
Hughes, I. A.; Houk, C.; Ahmed, S. F.; Lee, P. A.; LWPES1/ESPE2 Consensus Group (June 2005).
4120:
3767:
3602:"Discrimination against People affected by Intersex Conditions: Submission to NSW Government"
3595:
3553:
3182:
2923:
2184:
2175:
2128:
2048:
1998:
establishes the first Intersex Human Rights Fund, in an attempt to address resourcing issues.
1693:
1666:(Act 4 of 2000) to include intersex within its definition of sex, due in part to the work of
1245:
1183:
968:
849:
107:
70:
49:
5686:"STATEMENT of the 1st European Intersex Community Event (Vienna, 30st – 31st of March 2017)"
4556:
3950:"Management of intersexuality. Guidelines for dealing with persons with ambiguous genitalia"
3243:
Archiv für Rassen- und Gesellschaftsbiologie einschließlich Rassen- und Gesellschaftshygiene
2783:
2759:
1801:
954:
7499:
7395:
7182:
7177:
6989:
6723:
6176:"'The IAAF will not drug me or stop me being who I am': Semenya appeals against Cas ruling"
5715:
4576:
3858:
2301:
2065:
1324:
883:
503:
466:
221:
6026:"Bundesverfassungsgericht – Decisions – Civil status law must allow a third gender option"
4207:
3230:(in German). Berlin: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. p. 15.
3200:"Vorläufige Mitteilung über weitere Versuche zur Vererbung und Bestimmung des Geschlechts"
3157:
2274:, stating that this causes "harm" and facilitates human rights violations, calling on the
1414:" and it does not support early interventions on the bodies of infants who cannot consent.
1283:
1047:
925:
8:
7987:
4685:
3965:
3355:. München: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag. Volume I, section 3: Die krankhaften Erbanlagen, p.403.
2333:
1955:
1175:
646:
143:
20:
5270:
2114:
on children, an end to legal classification of sex, and improved access to peer support.
8126:
5861:
5036:
4714:
4616:
4452:
4300:
4267:
4246:
4189:
4073:
3918:
3891:"Sexual Identity, Monozygotic Twins Reared in Discordant Sex Roles and a BBC Follow-Up"
3732:
3689:
3087:
3000:
2874:
2828:
2713:
2421:
2218:
2192:
2154:
1724:
1377:
652:
3676:
3657:
2685:
2201:
In December, African intersex activists publish a statement setting out local demands.
803:
Hermafroditus an ad testamentum adhiberi possit, qualitas sexus incalescentis ostendit
8137:
8102:
7067:
7021:
6743:
6525:
5875:
5426:
5075:
5004:
4739:
4696:
4686:
4665:
4657:
4608:
4600:
4305:
4287:
4193:
4047:
3969:
3910:
3724:
3720:
3681:
3117:
3005:
2947:
2919:
2878:
2866:
2832:
2820:
2717:
2705:
2512:
2488:
2463:
2425:
2413:
2297:
1966:
1891:
1880:
1323:
The first intersex surgery of a child is performed at the Children's Hospital of the
800:, "Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails" (
796:
231:
6205:
6124:"Caster Semenya: Olympic 800m champion loses appeal against IAAF testosterone rules"
5353:
4365:"Richard Muasya v. the Hon. Attorney General, High Court of Kenya (2 December 2010)"
3922:
3736:
1858:
702:
describes "those who are born of both sex, whom we call hermaphrodites, at one time
7977:
6793:
5513:
5419:"Zur Aktualität kosmetischer Operationen 'uneindeutiger' Genitalien im Kindesalter"
4647:
4620:
4592:
4580:
4295:
4279:
4181:
4039:
3961:
3902:
3716:
3693:
3671:
3284:. Berlin: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. pp. 17–20.
3105:
3079:
2995:
2987:
2858:
2812:
2779:
2755:
2697:
2508:
2453:
2405:
2188:
1732:
1179:
1153:
1078:
931:
870:
864:
834:
665:
6251:"World Health Organisation drops transgender from list of mental health disorders"
5248:
8087:
7950:
6123:
5769:
5761:
5683:
5590:"Intersex activists in Australia and New Zealand publish statement of priorities"
5516:; Cody, Candice; David, Alex; Driver, Betsy; Hannaford, Carolyn; Harlow, Eileen;
4931:
4905:
4885:
4858:
4834:
4808:
4788:
4735:"Resolution 1952/2013, Provision version, Children's right to physical integrity"
4069:"The rising star who ended her life much before Dutee Chand challenged the rules"
3640:"We Are Real: The Growing Movement Advancing the Human Rights of Intersex People"
3113:
2742:
2551:
gignuntur et utriusque sexus quos hermaphroditos vocamus, olim androgynos vocatos
2143:
2135:
1626:
1403:
1342:
1302:. Höllenreiner testifies that he was one of Mengele's many candidates for forced
1294:, is genitally injured at the age of 9 during medical experiments carried out by
1249:
1171:
1141:
1082:
699:
4920:
4431:
National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics, Switzerland (November 2012).
4234:
A Human Rights Investigation into the Medical 'Normalization' of Intersex People
3557:
2356:
1679:
A Human Rights Investigation into the Medical "Normalization" of Intersex People
1579:
In Sentencia SU-337/99 and then Sentencia T-551/99, the Constitutional Court of
8092:
6778:
6605:
6415:
5831:"'Stunning victory' as US Surgeons General call for an end to intersex surgery"
4155:
4043:
3486:
3323:"Über echte Zwitterbildung beim Menschen und ihre therapeutische Beeinflussung"
3297:"Über echte Zwitterbildung beim Menschen und ihre therapeutische Beeinflussung"
2255:
2226:
1757:
1566:
1411:
1338:
686:
669:
535:
97:
5654:"These Groups Want Unnecessary Surgery On Intersex Infants To Be Made A Crime"
5074:
4185:
2862:
2816:
2690:
Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung
2409:
1969:
calls for recognition of a right to not undergo sex affirmation interventions.
8200:
7766:
7110:
6738:
6728:
6686:
6676:
6654:
5835:
5765:
5626:
5594:
5525:
5430:
5056:
4813:
4661:
4604:
4291:
3784:
3545:
2870:
2824:
2709:
2417:
2139:
1541:
1295:
1263:
1108:
461:
226:
175:
165:
6221:"World Health Organization condemned for classifying intersex as 'disorder'"
5475:
5052:"Malta passes law outlawing forced surgical intervention on intersex minors"
4283:
3029:
2991:
2701:
2458:
2080:. Later, they become the first openly intersex statutory authority in India.
1540:
The first public demonstration by intersex people, in Boston on October 26.
1345:
in 1951. Between 1944 and 1947, three girls have their clitorises amputated.
7036:
7031:
6681:
6671:
5529:
4669:
4612:
4309:
3863:
3823:
3793:
3762:
3685:
3162:
3009:
2976:"Change of Sex Sanctioned by a Maltese Law Court in the Eighteenth Century"
2846:
2467:
2222:
1703:
1526:
1395:
1127:
809:
523:
518:
170:
160:
6098:"California becomes first state to condemn intersex surgeries on children"
3973:
3914:
3728:
1583:
restricts medical interventions on intersex children aged over five years.
1363:(IAAF) for woman athletes. All athletes are tested in their own countries.
7041:
6075:
5521:
5517:
5471:"Hollande prône l'interdiction des chirurgies sur les enfants intersexes"
4652:
4635:
2892:
2230:
2069:
1974:
1212:
By 1930, the term 'intersex' had already been widely used in medicine in
1065:
900:
623:
528:
508:
6411:"Ruling on intersex infants: Madurai activist comes in for praise by HC"
4946:"Kenya takes step toward recognizing intersex people in landmark ruling"
649:
undergoes surgery on ambiguous genitalia, described by Diodorus Siculus.
6994:
6788:
6773:
6301:"Campaigners hail changes to WHO classification of trans health issues"
6045:
5803:
5192:. Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice. June 16, 2015. Archived from
3906:
3662:
3091:
1728:
1663:
Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000
1407:
1373:
1266:
1196:
The term 'intersex' is introduced as the (contested) medical diagnosis
1149:
1145:
918:
812:, a French Roman Catholic theologian, when writing about sodomy in the
476:
6625:
4596:
4410:"Australia town believed to have elected world's first intersex mayor"
3634:
2179:
are published, applying international human rights law in relation to
957:
is found to have an intersex trait and subsequently reclassified male.
37:
7016:
6733:
6102:
5393:
5134:
3577:
2438:
1299:
935:
792:
778:
761:
729:
633:
498:
6448:. 1st National Intersex Human Rights Conference. May 2020. p. 6
6206:"Joint statement on the International Classification of Diseases 11"
4692:
Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia
3083:
2058:
Research suggests that there has been no reduction in the number of
1896:
Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia
6548:
5658:
5286:"Chilean Government Stops the 'Normalization' of Intersex Children"
5032:"Surgery and Sterilization Scrapped in Malta's Benchmark LGBTI Law"
4975:
4362:
3819:
1552:
is holding its annual conference. The event is now commemorated by
1545:
1241:
743:
705:
594:
28:
6468:"Intersex Care at Lurie Children's and Our Sex Development Clinic"
5737:"First, Do No Harm: ensuring the rights of children born intersex"
5448:
Sénat; Blondin, Maryvonne; Bouchoux, Corinne (February 23, 2017).
4561:. Washington, DC: Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law.
4383:"In re Völling, Regional Court Cologne, Germany (6 February 2008)"
1743:, then fails a sex verification test and is stripped of her medal.
1104:
newspaper publishes an account of an intersex child on 7 November.
6707:
6377:
5271:
Support Initiative for Persons with Congenital Disorders (2016),
1593:
1588:
1213:
205:
7079:
4633:
2554:; Veronique Dasen, "Multiple Births in Graeco-Roman Antiquity",
636:
view hermaphrodites as having "doubled or superfluous genitals".
7006:
6439:"Information Toolkit-Human Rights of Intersex Persons in India"
6200:
5498:
Androgen Insensitivity Support Syndrome Support Group Australia
4991:
4979:
4377:
3706:
1765:
1675:
Human Rights Commission of the City and County of San Francisco
1492:
is dismissed from competing after she fails a chromosomal test.
1157:
733:
540:
488:
6276:"Transgender no longer classified as 'mental disorder' by WHO"
6148:
5102:
4473:"Condenan al H. de Talca por error al determinar sexo de bebé"
3460:
1382:
Hermaphroditism: An Inquiry into the Nature of a Human Paradox
16:
Overview of notable events in the timeline of intersex history
5799:"These Doctors Want Us To Stop Pathologizing Intersex People"
5558:"Intersex people have called for action. It's time to listen"
4987:
4971:
2073:
1740:
1720:
1713:
is published, changing clinical language from "intersex" to "
1287:
1237:
1008:
which details inheritance rights for hermaphrodites in Islam.
742:) by birth. Mason and others describe Favorinus as having an
737:
627:
6386:"Indian State Bans Unnecessary Surgery on Intersex Children"
6325:"Joint statement to the Congregation for Catholic Education"
6050:"New draft bill in Germany fails to protect intersex people"
6023:
5901:"Betsy Driver Is Ready for America's Intersex Tipping Point"
4898:"Public Statement by the Third International Intersex Forum"
4888:, Nederlandse Netwerk Intersekse/DSD (NNID), 3 December 2013
4851:"Public statement by the third international intersex forum"
4827:"Public Statement by the Third International Intersex Forum"
4038:(in German). Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag. pp. 117–136.
2221:
announce a law to create a new sex designation "diverse" in
1524:
and others. Chase announces the organization in a letter to
7011:
6517:
4983:
4791:, ILGA-Europe (Creative Commons statement), 2 December 2013
4575:
4036:
Geschlechtliche, sexuelle und reproduktive Selbstbestimmung
3444:(in German). Zürich: University of Zürich. pp. 17, 18.
2259:
1736:
1503:
1270:
682:
655:
socially transitions and joins the army of Alexander Balas.
493:
6348:. Vatican City: Congregation for Catholic Education. 2019.
5860:
5622:"Intersex advocates pull no punches in historic statement"
3573:"Who was Stella Walsh? The story of the intersex Olympian"
781:
laws include a definition on the rights of hermaphrodites.
6000:"Kabinett beschließt Änderung des Personenstandsgesetzes"
5928:
4268:"Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders"
3596:
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia;
3482:"A Lab is Set to Test the Gender of Some Female Athletes"
1901:
Intersex activists testify for the first time before the
545:
2943:
Knight Hospitaller Medicine in Malta [1530–1798]
1182:. One year later, Goldschmidt uses the term to describe
2100:
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia
1711:
Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders
1472:
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia
5350:
UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities
4966:
4640:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
4172:
Holme, Ingrid (2008). "Hearing People's Own Stories".
3948:
Diamond, Milton; Sigmundson, H. Keith (October 1997).
1144:
gynecologist Franciszek Ludwik Neugebauer publishes a
5953:"Statement of Intersex Asia and Asian intersex forum"
5734:
5713:
4760:"Op-ed: Germany's Third-Gender Law Fails on Equality"
4336:
3158:"Hermaphrodite Child - Curious Phenomenon at Cardiff"
3030:
Sirāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Sajāwandī (1792).
5760:
5447:
5246:
3385:
3033:
Al Sirájiyyah: Or, the Mohammedan Law of Inheritance
5774:"Re-Thinking Genital Surgeries on Intersex Infants"
4534:
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
2364:"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature"
6383:
5707:
5492:
5490:
4265:
4165:
3824:"Hermaphrodites with Attitude Take to the Streets"
3138:"'Extraordinary Circumstance' hermaphrodite child"
1596:to the term intersex, by Heike Bödeker in Germany.
1361:International Association of Athletics Federations
5932:Public Statement by the African Intersex Movement
4689:; Community Affairs References Committee (2013).
3947:
3187:. Leipzig: Dr. Werner Klinkhardt. pp. 1–764.
3049:Allgemeines Landrecht für die Preußischen Staaten
1706:is the only intersex signatory to the Principles.
1025:Allgemeines Landrecht für die Preußischen Staaten
8198:
6004:Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat
5728:
5375:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
5215:"Boost for Intersex activists and organisations"
5190:"Introducing the Intersex Fund team at Astraea!"
5139:"Intersex person sues clinic for unnecessary op"
4801:"Global intersex community affirms shared goals"
4526:"Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture"
4339:"World champ Semenya cleared to return to track"
3789:"When Max Beck and Morgan Holmes went to Boston"
3353:Menschliche Erblehre und Rassenhygiene (Eugenik)
2849:(June 2018). "Afterword: Genitals are history".
2507:
2045:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1410:. The case of David Reimer became known as the "
1269:calls for more intersex research, especially on
6403:
5487:
5362:Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights
5358:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
5302:
4137:
3655:
2282:are "fully compatible with human rights norms".
2030:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
5549:
4337:Motshegwa, Lesogo; Gerald Imray (2010-07-06).
3954:Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
3630:
3628:
3419:
3180:
2939:
2577:Swain, Simon (1989). "Favorinus and Hadrian".
7095:
6533:
6248:
6149:Court of Arbitration for Sport (2019-05-01),
5950:
5645:
5506:Organisation Intersex International Australia
5315:Organisation Intersex International Australia
5278:
5085:Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper
4863:Organisation Intersex International Australia
4681:
4679:
3656:Martínez-Patiño, Maria José (December 2005).
3506:In the marriage of C and D (falsely called C)
2969:
2967:
2788:. Vol. 2 (Thorne ed.). p. 32.
2764:. Vol. 2 (Thorne ed.). p. 31.
2108:Organisation Intersex International Australia
1474:(AISSGA) is founded, thought to be the first
1236:and hormone treatment on a patient with both
572:
6352:
5613:
5581:
5462:
5410:
5266:
5264:
5103:Court of Arbitration for Sport (July 2015).
4781:"3rd International Intersex Forum concluded"
4363:International Commission of Jurists (2010).
3658:"Personal Account: A woman Tried and Tested"
3330:Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie
3150:
3130:
3112:. Translated by McDougall, Richard. introd.
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
1402:in line with theories on optimal gender and
1328:
1217:
1197:
1050:becomes famous as a travelling medical case.
1029:
1023:
1001:
6068:
6024:Federal Constitutional Court (2017-10-10).
5929:African Intersex Movement (December 2017),
5754:
5677:
5162:
4937:
4583:(April 2014). "Sex, health, and athletes".
4322:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4161:on 2013-11-10 – via Bodies Like Ours.
4093:
3998:
3625:
3454:
3407:Intersexuality in Vertebrates Including Man
3304:Zeitschrift für Geburtshlfe und Gynäkologie
3264:. Berlin: Urban & Schwarzenberg: 1–112.
3240:
3197:
2669:
2631:"Decretum Gratiani (Kirchenrechtssammlung)"
2603:
2601:
2561:
2549:
1784:Richard Muasya v. the Hon. Attorney General
1081:writes memoirs that are later published by
1036:becomes effective across the German Empire.
874:
813:
801:
703:
7102:
7088:
6540:
6526:
6218:
6044:
5441:
4719:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4676:
4457:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4341:. Yahoo!. Associated Press. Archived from
4251:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3649:
3564:
3424:. London: Baillière Tindall & Cassell.
3023:
2964:
2935:
2933:
2225:for intersex people who cannot be clearly
1020:General State Laws for the Prussian States
579:
565:
5366:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
5261:
5133:
5044:
4651:
4518:
4299:
4118:
4094:Prabhudesai, Sandesh (October 11, 2001).
3852:
3850:
3743:
3675:
3404:
3365:
3274:
3220:
2999:
2909:
2802:
2657:Intersex and Identity: The Contested Self
2457:
2382:
2076:state assembly election for the state of
2034:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
1991:Clinic must pay damages and compensation.
1903:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
981:17-year-old Rosa Mifsud appears before a
924:17th-century historical accounts include
6152:Semenya, ASA and IAAF: Executive Summary
5854:
5399:United Nations Free & Equal campaign
5240:
5024:
4627:
4495:
4119:Nagvenkar, Mayabhushan (July 21, 2012).
3546:"Stella Walsh Slain; Olympic Track Star"
3063:
2620:Decretum Gratiani, C. 4, q. 2 et 3, c. 3
2609:Forbidden Lives: LGBT Stories from Wales
2598:
2480:
2272:International Classification of Diseases
5555:
5416:
5394:"United Nations for Intersex Awareness"
5382:from the original on November 21, 2016.
5346:UN Committee on the Rights of the Child
5096:
4875:"Derde Internationale Intersekse Forum"
4770:from the original on November 10, 2013.
4757:
4727:
4569:
4407:
4356:
4033:
3888:
3859:"The origins of Intersex Awareness Day"
3498:
3474:
3420:Dewhurst, S. J.; Gordon, R. R. (1969).
3320:
3294:
3249:(1). Berlin: Archiv-Gesellschaft: 1–14.
2930:
2845:
2659:. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
2645:from the original on December 20, 2016.
2278:to publish clear policy to ensure that
2227:assigned either male or female at birth
1915:In December, participants at the Third
831:Chronicle, or History of the Two Cities
8199:
6095:
5651:
5468:
5145:from the original on December 14, 2015
4751:
4501:
4367:. International Commission of Jurists.
4066:
3856:
3847:
3783:
3777:
3636:Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice
3570:
3520:"Olympic track star Stella Walsh dies"
3494:from the original on 4 September 2017.
3259:
3104:
2973:
2778:
2754:
2683:
2649:
2487:. Jessica Kingsley. pp. 209–210.
2068:becomes the first openly intersex and
2062:in Germany over the period since 2005.
1996:Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice
1885:Children's right to physical integrity
917:are widely held to be a foundation of
7083:
6521:
6384:Human Rights Watch (29 August 2019).
6298:
5828:
5796:
5619:
5587:
5127:
4200:
4171:
4015:from the original on 18 December 2014
3749:
3509:, FLC 90-636 (1979).
3368:"Auge in Auge mit Todesengel Mengele"
3181:von Neugebauer, Franz Ludwig (1908).
2899:(1st American ed.). Part 1, 8.a.
2897:The Institutes of the Laws of England
2589:
2576:
2395:
2370:from the original on 24 December 2008
2148:Surgeons General of the United States
2053:United Nations for Intersex Awareness
1762:2009 World Championships in Athletics
876:De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae
6273:
6249:Leighton-Dore, Samuel (2019-05-28).
6069:Littlefield, Amy (August 13, 2018).
5898:
5483:from the original on March 25, 2017.
5458:from the original on March 31, 2017.
5064:from the original on 14 August 2015.
4908:, IVIM/OII-Germany, 1 December 2013
4548:
4371:
4145:"X marks the spot for intersex Alex"
3966:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170470080015
3901:(2). University of Hawaii: 181–186.
3871:from the original on 20 October 2015
3801:from the original on 20 October 2015
3434:
3346:
3310:. Berlin: W. Stoeckel: 139–140, 149.
3069:
2891:
2339:Intersex civil society organizations
2265:Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland
1658:Judicial Matters Amendment Act, 2005
1456:Former Polish Olympic track athlete
999:publishes an English translation of
947:
676:
8166:History of LGBT animated characters
7589:Asian and Pacific Islander diaspora
5666:from the original on March 22, 2017
5634:from the original on March 22, 2017
5602:from the original on March 22, 2017
5570:from the original on March 22, 2017
5502:Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand
5469:Ballet, Virginie (March 17, 2017).
5454:. 2016–2017. Paris, France: Sénat.
4420:from the original on 4 January 2012
4389:from the original on 5 January 2016
4379:International Commission of Jurists
4067:Koshie, Nihal (September 9, 2018).
4027:
3941:
3409:. London, New York: Academic Press.
3366:Obermaier, Frederick (2007-10-22).
2291:Congregation for Catholic Education
2104:Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand
1476:intersex civil society organization
1006:: The Mohammedan Law of Inheritance
961:
472:Genital modification and mutilation
13:
5974:"San José de Costa Rica Statement"
5843:from the original on July 12, 2017
5696:from the original on June 28, 2017
5322:from the original on 10 March 2017
5298:from the original on July 5, 2016.
5225:. January 16, 2015. Archived from
4943:
4758:Viloria, Hida (November 6, 2013).
4747:from the original on 21 July 2015.
4408:Canning, Paul (10 December 2011),
4220:from the original on 23 July 2015.
3929:from the original on 5 August 2011
3882:
3614:from the original on 11 March 2016
3395:, London: Heinemann Medical Books.
3262:Biologie und Pathologie des Weibes
2785:On the Laws and Customs of England
2761:On the Laws and Customs of England
2671:Cardinalis Hostiensis, Summa aurea
2474:
2098:In March 2017, representatives of
1341:at the age of seven. She receives
1262:The geneticist and leading German
906:Institutes of the Lawes of England
750:
659:
640:
36:
14:
8228:
7109:
6513:
6343:"Male and Female He Created Them"
6096:Miller, Susan (August 28, 2018).
5811:from the original on July 1, 2017
5797:Weiss, Suzannah (June 30, 2017).
5620:Power, Shannon (March 13, 2017).
5556:Copland, Simon (March 20, 2017).
5417:Klöppel, Ulrike (December 2016).
5171:from the original on May 11, 2016
5163:StopIGM.org (December 17, 2015).
4154:. 11 January 2003. Archived from
3857:Driver, Betsy (14 October 2015).
3829:Intersex Society of North America
3455:Dohle, Max; Ettema, Dick (2012).
3052:. 1 June 1794. Part 1, section 20
2974:Cassar, Paul (11 December 1954).
2737:(2009). Retrieved 17 March 2009.
2484:A Comprehensive Guide to Intersex
2481:Petersen, Jay Kyle (2020-12-21).
2432:
1530:. ISNA remains active until 2008.
1518:Intersex Society of North America
1333:). The girl, suffering from
1306:but did not receive full surgery.
8179:
8178:
8156:Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history
8151:Transgender Oral History Project
7062:
7061:
6624:
6611:Sex characteristics (legal term)
6484:
6460:
6431:
6335:
6317:
6292:
6267:
6242:
6212:
6194:
6168:
6142:
6116:
6089:
6062:
6038:
6017:
5992:
5965:
5944:
5922:
5892:
5888:from the original on 2017-10-05.
5871:I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me
5829:Power, Shannon (June 29, 2017).
5822:
5790:
5786:from the original on 2017-07-28.
5724:from the original on 2017-05-17.
5437:from the original on 2017-02-04.
5406:from the original on 2016-11-12.
5386:
5334:
5207:
5182:
5156:
5123:from the original on 2017-07-04.
5020:from the original on 2016-11-09.
4956:from the original on 2015-09-24.
4709:from the original on 2015-09-23.
4565:from the original on 2016-03-14.
4544:from the original on 2016-08-24.
4514:from the original on 2017-02-15.
4272:Archives of Disease in Childhood
4241:from the original on 2013-12-28.
3818:
3721:10.2165/00007256-199316050-00002
3552:. December 6, 1980. p. 20.
3393:Hermaphoditus the Human Intersex
2960:from the original on 2017-02-06.
2940:Savona-Ventura, Charles (2015).
2792:from the original on 2016-10-29.
2768:from the original on 2016-10-29.
2521:from the original on 2008-09-27.
2028:In October, the United Nations,
1989:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
103:Sex characteristics (legal term)
8161:List of LGBTQ awareness periods
7708:Sexual orientation and medicine
6392:from the original on 2021-01-20
6366:from the original on 2019-07-12
6329:Intersex Human Rights Australia
6219:Crittenton, Anya (2019-05-24).
6202:Intersex Human Rights Australia
5951:Intersex Asia (February 2018).
5899:Lang, Nico (December 7, 2017).
5743:from the original on 2017-05-11
5652:Sainty, Lane (March 13, 2017).
5538:from the original on 2017-03-22
5257:from the original on 2017-05-01
5092:from the original on 2016-01-06
5068:
4960:
4914:
4891:
4868:
4844:
4820:
4794:
4774:
4502:García, Gabriela (2013-06-20).
4465:
4424:
4401:
4330:
4259:
4224:
4112:
4087:
4060:
3992:
3980:from the original on 9 May 2013
3836:from the original on 2015-10-05
3812:
3700:
3589:
3538:
3512:
3448:
3428:
3413:
3398:
3359:
3340:
3336:. Berlin: W. Stoeckel: 135–161.
3314:
3288:
3268:
3253:
3234:
3214:
3191:
3184:Hermaphroditismus beim Menschen
3174:
3098:
3072:The Journal of American History
3040:
3036:. Translated by Jones, William.
2903:
2885:
2839:
2796:
2772:
2748:
2724:
2684:Rolker, Christof (2014-01-01).
2677:
2662:
2623:
2614:
2043:In October, the United Nations
1788:inhuman and degrading treatment
1600:
1430:International Olympic Committee
1115:
1054:
942:
890:
857:
785:
722:
5735:Amnesty International (2017).
5714:Amnesty International (2017).
5588:Jones, Jess (March 10, 2017).
5114:Court of Arbitration for Sport
4096:"Mystery of Pratima's suicide"
2570:
2538:
2525:
2501:
2280:intersex medical interventions
2252:Court of Arbitration for Sport
2112:intersex medical interventions
2060:intersex medical interventions
1981:Court of Arbitration for Sport
1700:Protection from Medical Abuses
1642:is first marked on 26 October.
1550:American Academy of Pediatrics
1428:in sport is introduced by the
1335:congenital adrenal hyperplasia
766:The Literal Meaning of Genesis
607:
1:
5524:; Leckey, Delia; Lum, Steph;
5291:OutRight Action International
5247:Parliament of Uganda (2015),
5080:Commissioner for Human Rights
4839:Advocates for Informed Choice
3677:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67841-5
3571:Tullis, Matt (27 June 2013).
3210:. Leipzig: Georg Thieme: 566.
3198:Goldschmidt, Richard (1915).
2635:Bayerische StaatsBibliothek (
2556:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
2176:Yogyakarta Principles plus 10
2038:Commissioner for Human Rights
1963:Commissioner for Human Rights
1355:In July, the first mandatory
7529:List of years in LGBT rights
6856:International Intersex Forum
6645:Disorders of sex development
6547:
6274:Barr, Sabrina (2019-05-28).
5563:Special Broadcasting Service
5342:UN Committee against Torture
4934:, Oii-Chinese, December 2013
4479:(in Spanish). Archived from
3999:Curtis, Skyler (2010–2011).
3116:. New York: Pantheon Books.
2514:Library of History (Book IV)
2349:
2235:Federal Constitutional Court
2122:International Intersex Forum
1917:International Intersex Forum
1867:5-alpha-reductase deficiency
1819:International Intersex Forum
1715:disorders of sex development
1660:(Act 22 of 2005) amends the
1592:is coined as an opposite or
1432:at the Mexico City Olympics.
1394:The botched circumcision of
1359:in sports are issued by the
1292:Auschwitz concentration camp
1148:with more than 750 pages of
1072:
772:
755:
617:
329:International Intersex Forum
129:Disorders of sex development
7:
7441:at Brigham Young University
6851:Intersex Day of Remembrance
6714:Civil society organizations
5508:; Black, Eve; Bond, Kylie;
5250:Registration of Persons Act
3895:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2327:
2124:is held in the Netherlands.
1760:wins the 800 meters at the
1087:Intersex Day of Remembrance
1002:
718:, "woman", from the Greek).
693:
602:
324:Intersex Day of Remembrance
212:Civil society organizations
10:
8233:
6808:Sex verification in sports
6299:Wills, Ella (2019-05-29).
4044:10.30820/9783837967999-117
3349:"Anomalien der Körperform"
2655:Preves, Sharon E. (2003).
1490:Maria José Martínez-Patiño
1040:
903:(Lord Coke) writes in his
738:
269:Sex verification in sports
18:
8174:
8119:
8078:
8055:
7986:
7963:
7858:
7837:
7789:
7780:
7754:
7747:
7690:
7657:
7602:
7576:
7521:
7512:
7477:
7451:
7378:
7231:
7155:
7124:
7117:
7057:
7049:Sex differences in humans
6982:
6864:
6821:
6700:
6634:
6622:
6555:
4186:10.1080/09505430802280784
3422:The Intersexual Disorders
3275:Satzinger, Helga (2004).
3221:Satzinger, Helga (2004).
3204:Biologisches Centralblatt
3170:National Library of Wales
3166:. 25 May 1906. p. 2.
2863:10.1057/s41280-018-0083-5
2817:10.1057/s41280-018-0079-1
2607:Shopland, Norena (2017),
2410:10.1057/s41280-018-0080-8
2276:World Health Organization
1838:On 14 November 2012, the
1814:, at the end of November.
1727:wins the silver medal in
1698:includes Principle 18 on
1444:Family Court of Australia
1199:Weib intersexuellen Typus
7584:South Asian and diaspora
6569:Compulsory sterilization
5040:. Reuters. 1 April 2015.
4591:(apr28 9): –2926–g2926.
3889:Diamond, Milton (1982).
2674:, Venice 1574, col. 612.
2344:Timeline of LGBT history
2306:Government of Tamil Nadu
2229:. This complies with an
2170:is settled out of court.
2072:person to contest in an
1883:adopts resolution 1952,
1845:Intersex rights in Chile
1426:sex verification testing
1400:sex reassignment surgery
1298:, acts which constitute
995:Anglo-Welsh philologist
732:is described as being a
61:Compulsory sterilization
8132:GLBT Historical Society
7914:Spanish Second Republic
4440:. Berne. Archived from
4284:10.1136/adc.2006.098319
3524:Wilmington Morning Star
3391:Cawadias, A. P. (1943)
2992:10.1136/bmj.2.4901.1413
2980:British Medical Journal
2735:Encyclopædia Britannica
2702:10.7767/zrgka-2014-0108
2459:10.14310/horm.2002.1608
2312:
2254:rejects a challenge by
2244:
2205:
2084:
2010:
1944:
1927:
1851:
1825:
1795:
1772:
1756:middle-distance runner
1747:
1723:middle-distance runner
1685:
1646:
1633:
1619:
1605:
1573:
1560:
1534:
1510:
1496:
1482:
1464:
1450:
1436:
1418:
1388:
1367:
1349:
1317:
1277:
1256:
1226:
1206:
1190:
1164:
1135:
1120:
1093:
1059:
1032:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
1012:
989:
975:
971:helps to unify Vietnam.
841:
823:
685:describes the birth of
8217:Intersex-related lists
7894:Medieval Islamic world
7027:Non-binary recognition
6846:Intersex Awareness Day
6769:Ancient Greek religion
6692:Sexual differentiation
6472:www.luriechildrens.org
5874:. Human Rights Watch.
4121:"Goa's Pinki Pramanik"
3755:"Letters from readers"
3321:Naujoks, Hans (1934).
3295:Naujoks, Hans (1934).
2670:
2637:Bavarian State Library
2550:
2296:On 22 April 2019, the
2047:launches a website on
1840:Supreme Court of Chile
1640:Intersex Awareness Day
1554:Intersex Awareness Day
1458:Stanisława Walasiewicz
1357:sex verification tests
1329:
1218:
1198:
1030:
1024:
875:
814:
802:
704:
514:Non-binary recognition
319:Intersex Awareness Day
181:Sexual differentiation
41:
7924:Democratic transition
6719:Fictional characters
6660:Medical interventions
6616:Yogyakarta Principles
6601:Medical interventions
5137:(February 27, 2015).
3435:Eder, Sandra (2014).
2946:. Lulu. p. 115.
2185:Mauro Cabral Grinspan
2129:Amnesty International
2120:In April, the fourth
2049:intersex human rights
1890:Also in October, the
1821:is held, in Brussels.
1694:Yogyakarta Principles
1520:(ISNA) is founded by
1246:University of Marburg
1184:pseudohermaphroditism
850:Topography of Ireland
217:Fictional characters
149:Medical interventions
108:Yogyakarta Principles
93:Medical interventions
40:
19:Further information:
7718:in the United States
7594:African and diaspora
5531:Darlington Statement
5526:Mitchell, Mani Bruce
5368:(October 24, 2016).
5294:. January 14, 2016.
4653:10.1210/jc.2012-3893
4477:diario.latercera.com
4414:World News Australia
3766:: 25. Archived from
3753:(July–August 1993).
3347:Lenz, Fritz (1936).
2668:Henrici de Segusio,
2641:. February 5, 2009.
2567:Philostratus, VS 489
2302:Gopi Shankar Madurai
2164:The U.S. legal case
2066:Gopi Shankar Madurai
2036:, Council of Europe
1376:is awarded a PhD by
1325:University of Zurich
1046:German intersex man
884:Hereford Mappa Mundi
730:Favorinus of Arelate
728:Sophist philosopher
504:Anti-gender movement
274:at the Olympic Games
8207:Intersex in history
8145:Transgender History
7939:Zapatero government
7929:González government
6701:Society and culture
5979:Brújula Intersexual
5318:. 11 January 2016.
4687:Senate of Australia
4577:Jordan-Young, R. M.
4504:"Identidad forzada"
4483:on 24 November 2012
4213:. 11 January 2006.
4005:McGeorge Law Review
3787:(17 October 2015).
3600:(22 January 2003).
3019:on 5 February 2017.
2558:16.1 (1997), p. 61.
2334:Intersex in history
2304:. On 13 August the
2181:sex characteristics
1956:sex characteristics
1912:self-determination.
1782:High Court case of
1691:Publication of the
1330:Kinderspital Zürich
1176:Richard Goldschmidt
1174:by endocrinologist
967:Vietnamese general
847:Gerald of Wales in
815:De vitio sodomitico
647:Callon of Epidaurus
591:The following is a
200:Society and culture
21:Intersex in history
8127:LGBT History Month
7762:Conversion therapy
7401:Dominican Republic
6822:History and events
5862:Human Rights Watch
5762:Elders, M Joycelyn
5659:BuzzFeed Australia
5425:(in German) (42).
5037:The New York Times
4930:2013-12-26 at the
4904:2013-12-26 at the
4884:2013-12-20 at the
4857:2013-12-26 at the
4841:, 12 December 2013
4833:2013-12-27 at the
4817:, December 4, 2013
4807:2013-12-06 at the
4787:2013-12-04 at the
4743:. 1 October 2013.
4646:(6): –1055–E1059.
4579:; Sonksen, P. H.;
4174:Science as Culture
4074:The Indian Express
3907:10.1007/BF01541983
3550:The New York Times
3526:. December 6, 1980
3146:. 7 November 1981.
2912:Arizona Law Review
2741:2009-03-24 at the
2731:"Henry de Bracton"
2217:On 15 August, the
2193:Kimberly Zieselman
2155:Human Rights Watch
2018:Ministry of Health
1933:The High Court of
1802:Christiane Völling
1725:Santhi Soundarajan
1378:Harvard University
1339:clitoris amputated
1216:as a new term for
955:Fernanda Fernández
668:describes the god
653:Diophantus of Abae
42:
8194:
8193:
8138:Queers in History
8115:
8114:
7959:
7958:
7743:
7742:
7713:Same-sex marriage
7508:
7507:
7077:
7076:
7022:Non-binary gender
6990:Children's rights
6865:Rights by country
6744:Intersex and LGBT
6650:Genetic diagnosis
6596:Malta declaration
6591:Legal recognition
6362:. 23 April 2019.
5881:978-1-62313-502-7
5717:First, Do No Harm
5514:Carpenter, Morgan
5076:Council of Europe
5010:978-92-4-150732-5
4921:2013 第三屆世界陰陽人論壇宣言
4865:, 2 December 2013
4740:Council of Europe
4702:978-1-74229-917-4
4597:10.1136/bmj.g2926
4537:. February 2013.
4237:. San Francisco.
4053:978-3-8379-2546-3
3123:978-0-394-50821-4
3106:Barbin, Herculine
2780:de Bracton, Henry
2756:de Bracton, Henry
2494:978-1-78592-632-7
2298:Madras High Court
2167:M. C. v. Aaronson
1967:Council of Europe
1921:Malta declaration
1892:Australian Senate
1881:Council of Europe
1313:during the 1960s.
1284:Hugo Höllenreiner
1178:after studies on
1048:Gottlieb Göttlich
948:1755 – after 1792
926:Eleno de Céspedes
899:jurist and judge
797:Decretum Gratiani
791:According to the
677:43 BCE – 17/18 CE
589:
588:
467:Children's rights
342:Rights by country
232:Intersex and LGBT
134:Genetic diagnosis
88:Malta declaration
83:Legal recognition
8224:
8182:
8181:
8106:
8026:
8004:
7934:Aznar government
7902:
7888:
7876:
7787:
7786:
7752:
7751:
7519:
7518:
7426:before Stonewall
7332:
7122:
7121:
7104:
7097:
7090:
7081:
7080:
7065:
7064:
6754:Military service
6628:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6519:
6518:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6443:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6305:Evening Standard
6296:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6227:. Archived from
6216:
6210:
6209:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6157:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6021:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5948:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5907:. Archived from
5896:
5890:
5889:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5778:
5770:Carmona, Richard
5758:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5711:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5494:
5485:
5484:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5402:. October 2016.
5390:
5384:
5383:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5268:
5259:
5258:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5111:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5060:. 2 April 2015.
5048:
5042:
5041:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5002:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4941:
4935:
4925:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4895:
4889:
4879:
4872:
4866:
4848:
4842:
4824:
4818:
4798:
4792:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4718:
4710:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4655:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4530:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4456:
4448:
4446:
4439:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:on July 15, 2010
4334:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4313:
4303:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4242:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4212:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4149:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3759:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3679:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3606:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3581:. Archived from
3568:
3562:
3561:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3490:. 30 July 2008.
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3459:. Archived from
3457:"Foekje Dillema"
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3402:
3396:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3178:
3172:
3167:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3012:. Archived from
3003:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2752:
2746:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2509:Diodorus Siculus
2505:
2499:
2498:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2360:
2288:
2189:Morgan Carpenter
2016:In January, the
1879:In October, the
1733:2006 Asian Games
1613:sex verification
1488:Spanish hurdler
1332:
1234:intersex surgery
1221:
1201:
1154:Emil Zuckerkandl
1079:Herculine Barbin
1035:
1027:
1005:
962:1763/1764 – 1832
932:Thomas(ine) Hall
878:
871:Henry de Bracton
865:Henry of Segusio
835:Otto of Friesing
817:
805:
779:Hywel the Good's
741:
740:
709:
666:Diodorus Siculus
581:
574:
567:
25:
24:
8232:
8231:
8227:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8221:
8212:LGBTQ timelines
8197:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8170:
8111:
8100:
8074:
8051:
8020:
7998:
7982:
7955:
7919:Francoist Spain
7896:
7882:
7870:
7854:
7833:
7829:Medieval Europe
7776:
7772:Same-sex unions
7739:
7686:
7670:Catholic Church
7653:
7598:
7572:
7504:
7473:
7447:
7374:
7326:
7227:
7151:
7113:
7108:
7078:
7073:
7053:
6978:
6860:
6817:
6696:
6630:
6629:
6620:
6551:
6546:
6516:
6511:
6510:
6501:
6499:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6476:
6474:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6451:
6449:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6432:
6422:
6420:
6419:. 24 April 2019
6409:
6408:
6404:
6395:
6393:
6382:
6378:
6369:
6367:
6358:
6357:
6353:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6309:
6307:
6297:
6293:
6284:
6282:
6280:The Independent
6272:
6268:
6259:
6257:
6247:
6243:
6234:
6232:
6217:
6213:
6199:
6195:
6185:
6183:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6108:
6106:
6094:
6090:
6081:
6079:
6067:
6063:
6054:
6052:
6048:(August 2018).
6043:
6039:
6030:
6028:
6022:
6018:
6009:
6007:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5984:
5982:
5970:
5966:
5957:
5955:
5949:
5945:
5937:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5914:
5912:
5897:
5893:
5882:
5859:
5855:
5846:
5844:
5827:
5823:
5814:
5812:
5795:
5791:
5783:
5779:. Palm Center.
5776:
5759:
5755:
5746:
5744:
5733:
5729:
5712:
5708:
5699:
5697:
5682:
5678:
5669:
5667:
5650:
5646:
5637:
5635:
5618:
5614:
5605:
5603:
5586:
5582:
5573:
5571:
5554:
5550:
5541:
5539:
5495:
5488:
5467:
5463:
5446:
5442:
5423:Gender Bulletin
5415:
5411:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5262:
5245:
5241:
5232:
5230:
5229:on July 4, 2015
5213:
5212:
5208:
5199:
5197:
5196:on July 3, 2015
5188:
5187:
5183:
5174:
5172:
5161:
5157:
5148:
5146:
5132:
5128:
5120:
5109:
5101:
5097:
5073:
5069:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5017:
5011:
5000:
4965:
4961:
4942:
4938:
4932:Wayback Machine
4923:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4906:Wayback Machine
4896:
4892:
4886:Wayback Machine
4877:
4873:
4869:
4859:Wayback Machine
4849:
4845:
4835:Wayback Machine
4825:
4821:
4809:Wayback Machine
4799:
4795:
4789:Wayback Machine
4779:
4775:
4756:
4752:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4712:
4711:
4703:
4684:
4677:
4632:
4628:
4574:
4570:
4553:
4549:
4541:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4500:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4376:
4372:
4361:
4357:
4348:
4346:
4335:
4331:
4315:
4314:
4264:
4260:
4244:
4243:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4170:
4166:
4158:
4152:West Australian
4147:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4127:
4117:
4113:
4104:
4102:
4092:
4088:
4079:
4077:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3960:(10): 1046–50.
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3887:
3883:
3874:
3872:
3855:
3848:
3839:
3837:
3817:
3813:
3804:
3802:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3757:
3748:
3744:
3709:Sports Medicine
3705:
3701:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3633:
3626:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3598:Briffa, Anthony
3594:
3590:
3569:
3565:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3466:
3464:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3418:
3414:
3403:
3399:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3364:
3360:
3345:
3341:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3258:
3254:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3196:
3192:
3179:
3175:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3114:Michel Foucault
3103:
3099:
3084:10.2307/3659273
3068:
3064:
3055:
3053:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3028:
3024:
3016:
2972:
2965:
2954:
2938:
2931:
2908:
2904:
2890:
2886:
2844:
2840:
2801:
2797:
2777:
2773:
2753:
2749:
2743:Wayback Machine
2729:
2725:
2682:
2678:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2650:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2546:Natural History
2543:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2437:
2433:
2394:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2330:
2315:
2286:
2247:
2208:
2146:, three former
2144:Richard Carmona
2136:Joycelyn Elders
2087:
2013:
1947:
1930:
1857:On 1 February,
1854:
1828:
1798:
1775:
1750:
1688:
1649:
1636:
1627:Alex MacFarlane
1622:
1608:
1603:
1576:
1563:
1537:
1513:
1499:
1485:
1467:
1453:
1439:
1421:
1404:gender identity
1398:is followed by
1391:
1370:
1352:
1320:
1280:
1259:
1244:tissue, at the
1229:
1209:
1193:
1172:German language
1167:
1138:
1123:
1118:
1096:
1083:Michel Foucault
1075:
1062:
1057:
1043:
1015:
992:
978:
964:
950:
945:
893:
860:
844:
826:
788:
775:
758:
753:
751:Medieval period
725:
700:Pliny the Elder
696:
679:
662:
660:1st century BCE
643:
641:2nd century BCE
620:
610:
605:
585:
556:
555:
551:Sex differences
457:
449:
448:
344:
334:
333:
297:
286:
285:
201:
193:
192:
124:
113:
112:
56:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8230:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8192:
8191:
8189:
8188:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8169:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8141:
8134:
8129:
8123:
8121:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8095:
8084:
8082:
8080:Cross-dressing
8076:
8075:
8073:
8072:
8067:
8061:
8059:
8053:
8052:
8050:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8037:
8035:United Kingdom
8032:
8027:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7992:
7990:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7980:
7975:
7969:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7942:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7908:
7903:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7864:
7862:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7852:
7847:
7841:
7839:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7812:Ancient Greece
7809:
7804:
7799:
7793:
7791:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7758:
7756:
7749:
7745:
7744:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7721:
7720:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7694:
7692:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7673:
7672:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7630:United Kingdom
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7606:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7597:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7541:Firsts by year
7538:
7537:
7536:
7525:
7523:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7358:United Kingdom
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7334:
7333:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7244:Czech Republic
7241:
7235:
7233:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7126:
7119:
7115:
7114:
7107:
7106:
7099:
7092:
7084:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7009:
7004:
7003:
7002:
6992:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6974:
6964:
6962:United Kingdom
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6868:
6866:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6779:Hermaphroditus
6776:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6641:
6639:
6632:
6631:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6606:Sex assignment
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6587:
6586:
6576:
6574:Discrimination
6571:
6565:
6563:
6553:
6552:
6545:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6522:
6515:
6514:External links
6512:
6509:
6508:
6483:
6459:
6430:
6416:Times of India
6402:
6376:
6351:
6334:
6316:
6291:
6266:
6241:
6211:
6204:(2019-05-23).
6193:
6167:
6141:
6115:
6088:
6061:
6037:
6016:
5991:
5964:
5943:
5921:
5891:
5880:
5853:
5821:
5789:
5766:Satcher, David
5753:
5727:
5706:
5676:
5644:
5612:
5580:
5548:
5486:
5461:
5440:
5409:
5385:
5333:
5301:
5277:
5260:
5239:
5206:
5181:
5155:
5126:
5095:
5082:(April 2015),
5067:
5043:
5023:
5009:
4959:
4944:Migiro, Katy.
4936:
4913:
4890:
4867:
4843:
4819:
4793:
4773:
4750:
4726:
4701:
4675:
4626:
4568:
4547:
4517:
4510:(in Spanish).
4494:
4464:
4447:on 2015-04-23.
4423:
4400:
4370:
4355:
4329:
4278:(7): 554–563.
4258:
4223:
4199:
4180:(3): 341–344.
4164:
4136:
4111:
4086:
4059:
4052:
4026:
3991:
3940:
3881:
3846:
3811:
3785:Holmes, Morgan
3776:
3773:on 2006-09-28.
3742:
3699:
3648:
3624:
3588:
3585:on 2017-07-28.
3563:
3537:
3511:
3497:
3487:New York Times
3473:
3447:
3427:
3412:
3397:
3384:
3358:
3339:
3313:
3287:
3267:
3252:
3233:
3213:
3190:
3173:
3149:
3129:
3122:
3097:
3078:(2): 411–441.
3062:
3039:
3022:
2986:(4901): 1413.
2963:
2953:978-1326482220
2952:
2929:
2902:
2884:
2857:(2): 209–215.
2838:
2811:(2): 161–178.
2795:
2771:
2747:
2723:
2696:(1): 178–222.
2676:
2661:
2648:
2622:
2613:
2597:
2588:
2569:
2560:
2537:
2524:
2500:
2493:
2473:
2452:(3): 459–461.
2431:
2404:(2): 132–146.
2381:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2294:
2283:
2268:
2256:Caster Semenya
2250:On 1 May, the
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2219:German cabinet
2215:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2171:
2162:
2151:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2063:
2056:
2041:
2026:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1970:
1959:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1888:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1859:Juan E. Méndez
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1758:Caster Semenya
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1718:
1707:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1671:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1584:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:Milton Diamond
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:John/Joan case
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:United Kingdom
1307:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:on 8 November.
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
991:
988:
987:
986:
977:
974:
973:
972:
963:
960:
959:
958:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
929:
922:
892:
889:
888:
887:
880:
868:
859:
856:
855:
854:
843:
840:
839:
838:
825:
822:
821:
820:
807:
787:
784:
783:
782:
774:
771:
770:
769:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
724:
721:
720:
719:
695:
692:
691:
690:
687:Hermaphroditus
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:Hermaphroditus
661:
658:
657:
656:
650:
642:
639:
638:
637:
631:
619:
616:
615:
614:
609:
606:
604:
601:
587:
586:
584:
583:
576:
569:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
536:Medical ethics
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
491:
486:
485:
484:
474:
469:
464:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
441:
439:United Kingdom
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
345:
340:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
326:
321:
316:
315:
314:
309:
298:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
277:
276:
266:
261:
260:
259:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
157:
156:
146:
141:
136:
131:
125:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
98:Sex assignment
95:
90:
85:
80:
79:
78:
68:
66:Discrimination
63:
57:
48:
47:
44:
43:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8229:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8204:
8202:
8187:
8186:
8177:
8176:
8173:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8142:
8140:
8139:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8118:
8104:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8071:
8070:United States
8068:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8054:
8046:
8045:legal history
8043:
8042:
8041:
8040:United States
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8002:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7973:United States
7971:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7962:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7946:United States
7944:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7900:
7895:
7892:
7886:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7874:
7869:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7861:
7857:
7851:
7850:United States
7848:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7830:
7827:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7817:in militaries
7815:
7814:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7797:Ancient Egypt
7795:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7782:Homosexuality
7779:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7746:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7689:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7656:
7648:
7647:New York City
7645:
7644:
7643:
7642:United States
7640:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7620:South African
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7478:South America
7476:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7450:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7422:
7421:United States
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:North America
7377:
7371:
7368:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7330:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7111:LGBTQ history
7105:
7100:
7098:
7093:
7091:
7086:
7085:
7082:
7070:
7069:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7050:
7047:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6981:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6968:
6967:United States
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6729:Gender system
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6687:Quigley scale
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6677:Phall-O-Meter
6675:
6673:
6670:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6655:Hermaphrodite
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6543:
6538:
6536:
6531:
6529:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6497:
6493:
6487:
6473:
6469:
6463:
6447:
6440:
6434:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6391:
6387:
6380:
6365:
6361:
6355:
6344:
6338:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6306:
6302:
6295:
6281:
6277:
6270:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6231:on 2020-02-20
6230:
6226:
6225:Gay Star News
6222:
6215:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6182:. 29 May 2019
6181:
6177:
6171:
6158:, paragraph 6
6154:
6153:
6145:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6092:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6065:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6027:
6020:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5968:
5954:
5947:
5934:
5933:
5925:
5911:on 2018-09-05
5910:
5906:
5902:
5895:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5873:
5872:
5868:(July 2017).
5867:
5863:
5857:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5836:Gay Star News
5832:
5825:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5793:
5782:
5775:
5772:(June 2017).
5771:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5742:
5738:
5731:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5710:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5648:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5627:Gay Star News
5623:
5616:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5595:Star Observer
5591:
5584:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5552:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5413:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5265:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5243:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5219:SOGI News.com
5216:
5210:
5195:
5191:
5185:
5170:
5166:
5159:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5057:Star Observer
5053:
5047:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5016:
5012:
5006:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4929:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4887:
4883:
4876:
4871:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4823:
4816:
4815:
4814:Star Observer
4810:
4806:
4802:
4797:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4754:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4722:
4716:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4551:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4527:
4521:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4460:
4454:
4443:
4436:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4366:
4359:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4325:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4227:
4216:
4209:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4140:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3853:
3851:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3751:Chase, Cheryl
3746:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3715:(5): 305–15.
3714:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3652:
3641:
3638:(June 2016).
3637:
3631:
3629:
3610:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3463:on 2016-04-22
3462:
3458:
3451:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3388:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3206:(in German).
3205:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2968:
2959:
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2921:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2847:Morland, Iain
2842:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2757:
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2611:, Seren Books
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2604:
2602:
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2573:
2564:
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2547:
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2534:
2533:Metamorphoses
2528:
2520:
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2510:
2504:
2496:
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2469:
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2249:
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2224:
2223:vital records
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2141:
2140:David Satcher
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2119:
2116:
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2019:
2015:
2014:
2004:
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1997:
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1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
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1971:
1968:
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1800:
1799:
1789:
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1777:
1776:
1767:
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1754:South African
1752:
1751:
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1726:
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1301:
1297:
1296:Josef Mengele
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:
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1268:
1265:
1264:race theorist
1261:
1260:
1251:
1247:
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1230:
1220:
1219:Scheinzwitter
1215:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1185:
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1177:
1173:
1169:
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1110:
1109:Victorian era
1106:
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1067:
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1026:
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1017:
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1003:Al Sirájiyyah
998:
997:William Jones
994:
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863:Canon lawyer
862:
861:
852:
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832:
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713:
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495:
492:
490:
487:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:Hermaphrodite
460:
459:
453:
452:
445:
444:United States
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
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387:
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382:
380:
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372:
370:
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362:
360:
357:
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346:
343:
338:
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279:
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215:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
188:
184:
182:
179:
177:
176:Quigley scale
174:
172:
169:
167:
166:Phall-O-Meter
164:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
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104:
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8136:
8030:Nazi Germany
7906:Nazi Germany
7845:Nazi Germany
7807:Ancient Peru
7802:Ancient Rome
7767:LGBT erasure
7724:
7066:
7037:Third gender
7032:Queer theory
6937:South Africa
6838:
6682:Prader scale
6672:Orchidometer
6579:Human rights
6561:legal issues
6557:Human rights
6500:. Retrieved
6498:. 2020-10-21
6495:
6486:
6475:. Retrieved
6471:
6462:
6450:. Retrieved
6445:
6433:
6421:. Retrieved
6414:
6405:
6394:. Retrieved
6379:
6368:. Retrieved
6354:
6337:
6328:
6319:
6308:. Retrieved
6304:
6294:
6283:. Retrieved
6279:
6269:
6258:. Retrieved
6254:
6244:
6233:. Retrieved
6229:the original
6224:
6214:
6196:
6184:. Retrieved
6180:The Guardian
6179:
6170:
6160:, retrieved
6151:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6130:. 1 May 2019
6127:
6118:
6107:. Retrieved
6101:
6091:
6080:. Retrieved
6074:
6064:
6053:. Retrieved
6040:
6029:. Retrieved
6019:
6008:. Retrieved
6003:
5994:
5983:. Retrieved
5977:
5967:
5956:. Retrieved
5946:
5936:, retrieved
5931:
5924:
5913:. Retrieved
5909:the original
5904:
5894:
5870:
5856:
5845:. Retrieved
5834:
5824:
5813:. Retrieved
5802:
5792:
5756:
5745:. Retrieved
5730:
5716:
5709:
5698:. Retrieved
5689:
5679:
5668:. Retrieved
5657:
5647:
5636:. Retrieved
5625:
5615:
5604:. Retrieved
5593:
5583:
5572:. Retrieved
5561:
5551:
5540:, retrieved
5530:
5522:Hart, Phoebe
5518:Hart, Bonnie
5510:Briffa, Tony
5474:
5464:
5450:
5443:
5422:
5412:
5397:
5388:
5373:
5336:
5324:. Retrieved
5313:
5304:
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5272:
5249:
5242:
5231:. Retrieved
5227:the original
5218:
5209:
5198:. Retrieved
5194:the original
5184:
5173:. Retrieved
5158:
5147:. Retrieved
5129:
5105:
5098:
5084:
5070:
5055:
5046:
5035:
5026:
4996:
4962:
4949:
4939:
4924:(in Chinese)
4916:
4893:
4870:
4846:
4822:
4812:
4796:
4776:
4764:The Advocate
4763:
4753:
4738:
4729:
4695:. Canberra.
4691:
4643:
4639:
4629:
4588:
4584:
4581:Karkazis, K.
4571:
4557:
4550:
4532:
4520:
4508:www.paula.cl
4507:
4497:
4485:. Retrieved
4481:the original
4476:
4467:
4442:the original
4433:
4426:
4413:
4403:
4391:. Retrieved
4373:
4358:
4347:. Retrieved
4343:the original
4332:
4318:cite journal
4275:
4271:
4261:
4233:
4226:
4202:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4156:the original
4151:
4139:
4128:. Retrieved
4124:
4114:
4103:. Retrieved
4099:
4089:
4078:. Retrieved
4072:
4062:
4035:
4029:
4017:. Retrieved
4008:
4004:
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3957:
3953:
3943:
3931:. Retrieved
3898:
3894:
3884:
3873:. Retrieved
3864:Intersex Day
3862:
3838:. Retrieved
3827:
3814:
3803:. Retrieved
3794:Intersex Day
3792:
3779:
3768:the original
3763:The Sciences
3761:
3745:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3667:
3661:
3651:
3616:. Retrieved
3591:
3583:the original
3576:
3566:
3549:
3540:
3528:. Retrieved
3523:
3514:
3505:
3500:
3485:
3476:
3465:. Retrieved
3461:the original
3450:
3437:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3406:
3400:
3392:
3387:
3376:. Retrieved
3371:
3361:
3352:
3342:
3333:
3329:
3316:
3307:
3303:
3290:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3255:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3223:
3216:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3176:
3163:The Cambrian
3161:
3152:
3143:The Welshman
3141:
3132:
3109:
3100:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3054:. Retrieved
3048:
3042:
3032:
3025:
3014:the original
2983:
2979:
2942:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2896:
2893:Coke, Edward
2887:
2854:
2851:Postmedieval
2850:
2841:
2808:
2805:Postmedieval
2804:
2798:
2784:
2774:
2760:
2750:
2734:
2726:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2608:
2591:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2563:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2513:
2503:
2483:
2476:
2449:
2445:
2434:
2401:
2398:Postmedieval
2397:
2372:. Retrieved
2358:
2174:
2165:
2095:mutilations.
2052:
1973:
1919:publish the
1895:
1884:
1783:
1710:
1709:The medical
1704:Mauro Cabral
1699:
1692:
1678:
1661:
1657:
1654:South Africa
1601:21st century
1587:
1527:The Sciences
1525:
1522:Cheryl Chase
1424:Chromosomal
1396:David Reimer
1381:
1290:detainee in
1286:, an ethnic
1150:case studies
1128:The Cambrian
1126:
1116:20th century
1101:The Welshman
1099:
1055:19th century
1000:
969:Lê Văn Duyệt
953:Spanish nun
943:18th century
914:
910:
904:
891:17th century
858:13th century
848:
830:
810:Peter Cantor
795:
786:12th century
765:
723:c. 80–160 CE
715:
711:
593:timeline of
592:
590:
524:Third gender
519:Queer theory
414:South Africa
311:
185:
171:Prader scale
161:Orchidometer
71:Human rights
54:legal issues
50:Human rights
8101: [
8021: [
7999: [
7988:Transgender
7965:Bisexuality
7897: [
7883: [
7871: [
7735:Transgender
7469:New Zealand
7353:Switzerland
7327: [
7294:Netherlands
7208:South Korea
7042:Transgender
6947:Switzerland
6932:New Zealand
6803:Researchers
6638:and biology
6076:Rewire.News
6006:(in German)
4910:(in German)
4487:15 February
4393:27 December
4125:Newslaundry
4019:15 November
3670:: 366–538.
3374:(in German)
3372:Der Spiegel
2918:: 277–278.
2070:genderqueer
1975:Dutee Chand
1808:Tony Briffa
1668:Sally Gross
1625:Australian
1380:, entitled
1250:menstruates
1180:gypsy moths
1107:During the
1066:Levi Suydam
928:, in Spain.
901:Edward Coke
624:Hippocrates
608:Pre-history
529:Transgender
424:Switzerland
409:New Zealand
264:Researchers
139:Definitions
123:and biology
8201:Categories
7880:immigrants
7790:Pre-modern
7698:Journalism
7635:Manchester
7370:Yugoslavia
7163:Bangladesh
7118:By regions
6995:Disability
6834:of surgery
6813:Television
6789:Androgynos
6774:Aphroditus
6749:Literature
6502:2021-09-15
6477:2021-09-13
6396:2019-08-30
6370:2019-04-24
6310:2019-06-02
6285:2019-06-02
6260:2019-06-02
6235:2019-06-02
6162:2019-06-01
6109:2018-09-05
6082:2018-09-05
6055:2018-09-10
6046:OII Europe
6031:2018-10-30
6010:2018-10-30
5985:2018-09-05
5958:2018-09-05
5938:2018-09-05
5915:2018-09-05
5847:2017-06-30
5815:2017-06-30
5804:Refinery29
5747:2017-05-13
5700:2017-05-26
5690:OII Europe
5670:2017-03-21
5638:2017-03-21
5606:2017-03-21
5574:2017-03-21
5476:Libération
5233:2015-07-02
5200:2015-07-02
5175:2015-12-21
5149:2015-12-21
4878:(in Dutch)
4349:2010-07-06
4130:2018-09-10
4105:2018-09-10
4080:2018-09-10
3875:2015-10-24
3840:2015-10-24
3805:2015-10-24
3663:The Lancet
3618:2016-05-16
3530:August 23,
3467:2016-05-28
3378:2018-10-31
3056:2018-10-31
2585:: 150–158.
2374:9 December
2319:surgeries.
2078:Tamil Nadu
2006:documents.
1817:The first
1729:800 m
1408:John Money
1374:John Money
1337:, has her
1304:sex change
1300:war crimes
1267:Fritz Lenz
1242:testicular
1186:in humans.
1146:compendium
919:common law
915:Institutes
911:Androgynus
764:writes in
509:Non-binary
477:Disability
307:of surgery
296:and events
281:Television
237:Literature
144:Healthcare
7996:Argentina
7822:pederasty
7665:Christian
7658:Religious
7522:By period
7514:Timelines
7485:Argentina
7459:Australia
7203:Singapore
7017:Androgyny
6877:Australia
6872:Argentina
6734:Guevedoce
6710:(antonym)
6446:apcom.org
6128:BBC Sport
6103:USA TODAY
5542:March 21,
5431:0947-6822
5326:3 January
5135:The Local
4715:cite book
4662:0021-972X
4605:1756-1833
4453:cite book
4292:0003-9888
4247:cite book
4194:143528047
3820:Beck, Max
3578:SB Nation
3558:121246455
2879:187569252
2871:2040-5960
2833:166086082
2825:2040-5960
2718:159668229
2710:2304-4896
2535:4.287–88.
2426:165449144
2418:2040-5960
2350:Footnotes
2153:In July,
2134:In June,
2051:entitled
1979:, in the
1874:Australia
1872:In June,
1812:Australia
1586:The term
1073:1838–1868
936:John Pott
793:canon law
773:c. 940 CE
762:Augustine
756:c. 400 CE
706:androgyni
634:Aristotle
618:Antiquity
499:Androgyny
354:Australia
349:Argentina
208:(antonym)
8185:Category
8057:Intersex
7860:Lesbians
7748:By topic
7725:Intersex
7703:Policing
7610:Canadian
7552:Century
7431:violence
7406:Honduras
7363:violence
7324:violence
7309:Portugal
7218:Thailand
7198:Pakistan
7068:Category
6983:See also
6972:military
6897:Colombia
6839:timeline
6785:Judaism
6764:Religion
6636:Medicine
6549:Intersex
6496:The 19th
6390:Archived
6364:Archived
5886:Archived
5866:interACT
5841:Archived
5809:Archived
5781:Archived
5741:Archived
5722:Archived
5694:Archived
5664:Archived
5632:Archived
5600:Archived
5568:Archived
5536:archived
5481:Archived
5456:Archived
5435:Archived
5404:Archived
5380:Archived
5320:Archived
5296:Archived
5255:archived
5169:Archived
5143:Archived
5118:Archived
5090:archived
5062:Archived
5015:Archived
4994:(2014).
4976:UN Women
4954:Archived
4928:Archived
4902:Archived
4882:Archived
4855:Archived
4831:Archived
4805:Archived
4785:Archived
4768:Archived
4745:Archived
4707:Archived
4670:23633205
4613:24776640
4563:Archived
4539:Archived
4512:Archived
4418:archived
4387:Archived
4310:16624884
4239:Archived
4215:Archived
4100:Goa News
4013:Archived
3984:24 April
3978:Archived
3933:1 August
3927:Archived
3923:45440589
3869:Archived
3834:Archived
3799:Archived
3737:43814501
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