29:
107:. In 2001 and 2003, Ron Edwards published the Torres Strait Languages vocabularies of Sydney H. Ray. This is the only dictionary available for use by Torres Strait Islanders and people who want to teach, learn and speak the Torres Strait languages. Unfortunately, neither the Ray work nor his vocabularies are very good, and contain many mistakes. The dictionaries can only be used in conjunction with knowledgeable native speakers to point out errors and corrections.
1539:
1549:
110:
The four dialects of the Kalau Lagau Ya are very close to each other, somewhat like
Standard American and Standard Australian English are to each other. Its vocabulary is potentially 80% non-Australian; much of the non-Australian content is Papuan (Trans-Fly) and Austronesian (South-East Papuan). It
142:
Both languages are strictly speaking mixed languages, Meriam Mìr having some
Australian/Kalaw Lagaw Ya influence as well as Austronesian. It is probably the case that Meriam Mìr settlers 'overlaid' Kalaw lagaw ya speakers on the Eastern islands (these non-Meriam people who have always been resident
111:
is an interesting language in having feminine and masculine gender, though no neuter gender – and the difference is semantically significant in that many words can be masculine or feminine according to inherent reference or culturally significant reference. For example,
90:
family of languages, which covers most of
Australia. This language is known by its dialect names: Kalau Lagau Ya, Kalau Kawau Ya, Kulkalgau Ya and Kaiwaligau Ya (this latter also called Kowrareg, which is from the mid-19th century Kowrareg dialect form
102:
Sydney Ray's "Linguistics" and Rod
Mitchell's "Ngalmun Lagaw Yangukudu" are the main descriptions of the language. Ray contains a vocabulary list of both Mabuiag (as called by the Cambridge Expedition) and
209:
The table below shows how some example phrases differ in the Torres Strait languages. Kalau Kawau Ya, Kala Lagau Ya, Kulkalgau Ya and
Kaiwaligau Ya, 'old' Kaiwaligau Ya are the dialects of Kalau Lagau Ya.
1496:
407:
David, Bruno; McNiven, Ian; Mitchell, Rod; Orr, Meredith; Haberle, Simon; Brady, Liam; Crouch, Joe (1 July 2004). "Badu 15 and the Papuan–Austronesian
Settlement of Torres Strait".
366:
Mitchell, Rod (April 2015). "Ngalmun Lagaw
Yangukudu: The Language of our Homeland in Goemulgaw Lagal: Cultural and Natural Histories of the Island of Mabuyag, Torres Strait".
159:
that developed from Torres Strait Pidgin
English, the earliest records of which date to the mid 1800s, though creolisation started in the 1880s at the earliest. This
1501:
72:, or Torres Strait Creole, the third language, is a non-typical Pacific English Creole and is the main language of communication on the islands.
1587:
99:
is often called Kala Lagaw Ya in the literature. From here on it is known as Kalau Lagau Ya as per the High Court
Decision on 7 August 2013.
188:
184:
86:
The language of the western and central islands of Torres Strait is related to languages of the
Australian mainland and is a member of the
40:: two indigenous languages and an English-based creole. The indigenous language spoken mainly in the western and central islands is
458:
139:. Meriam Mir is the only Papuan language indigenous to Australia, and used to have two dialects, Erubim Mìr and Meriam Mir.
32:
Languages used at home by Torres Strait Islanders in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population.
1526:
609:
604:
198:
947:
1180:
393:
1577:
1349:
1582:
981:
795:
1553:
672:
1558:
1196:
1024:
1014:
1344:
1339:
1275:
844:
784:
771:
451:
87:
45:
1053:
909:
827:
749:
327:
1385:
1378:
776:
659:
1394:
48:
of the Australian mainland. The other indigenous language spoken mainly in the eastern islands is
1460:
1082:
887:
858:
194:
28:
19:"Torres language" redirects here. For the language spoken on the Torres Islands of Vanuatu, see
1543:
1430:
1425:
687:
444:
61:
1455:
1450:
1300:
898:
477:
387:
37:
1475:
1415:
1366:
1295:
160:
69:
8:
1435:
427:
Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives
53:
1511:
1470:
1440:
1420:
1252:
1019:
1465:
375:
115:
as masculine means 'an important topic/subject', and as feminine is 'thing, object'.
1506:
1491:
1100:
495:
197:, though they are not reported to be particularly well-developed compared to other
136:
57:
20:
1516:
1334:
1290:
1280:
989:
156:
132:
128:
49:
1285:
1165:
1003:
647:
575:
516:
436:
96:
81:
41:
1571:
1445:
1305:
1270:
1244:
1145:
1090:
967:
625:
468:
379:
175:. It has five dialects – Papuan, Western-Central, Eastern, TI and Cape York.
104:
1160:
1150:
1130:
1110:
1105:
538:
1202:
1170:
1135:
754:
735:
422:
1175:
1140:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1095:
565:
214:
Comparison of phrases in Torres Strait Islander Languages and Dialects
65:
64:; however Kalaw Lagaw Ya appears to be undergoing a transition into a
1521:
1497:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1212:
1155:
350:
Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits
1234:
334:
1239:
1229:
482:
56:
spoken on the nearby south coast of New Guinea and the only
119:
when masculine means 'sun', and when feminine means 'day'.
486:
68:
language while Meriam Mìr is more clearly agglutinative.
335:""2021 Census - Cultural Diversity, 2021, TableBuilder""
406:
135:
and is related to the languages of the nearby coast of
60:spoken on Australian territory. Both languages are
1569:
466:
155:The third language of the Torres Straits is a
452:
189:Eastern Torres Strait Islander Sign Language
185:Western Torres Strait Islander Sign Language
16:Three languages of the Torres Strait Islands
459:
445:
368:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Culture
127:The language of eastern Torres Strait is
1502:Birds of Boigu, Saibai and Dauan Islands
429:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
365:
337:. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
36:There are three languages spoken in the
27:
269:Ngai lagau mabaig, ngai kaiwau mabaig
150:
1570:
421:
348:Ray, Sydney H. (1907). "Linguistics".
440:
361:
359:
1588:Culture of the Torres Strait Islands
1548:
1527:Warul Kawa Indigenous Protected Area
300:Kaka kaur le nali, kaka ged le nali
199:Australian Aboriginal sign languages
347:
13:
356:
143:on the Eastern Islands are called
14:
1599:
308:Torres Strait Creole (Yumplatok)
75:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1350:Torres Strait Regional Authority
178:
415:
400:
341:
267:Ngai lagalaig, ngai kaiwalaig
1:
1559:List of Torres Strait Islands
1197:Indigenous music of Australia
392:: CS1 maint: date and year (
320:
122:
7:
1345:Torres Strait Island Region
1340:Torres Strait Islander Flag
283:Kauraraigau Ya (mid-1800s)
204:
10:
1604:
1359:Legal cases and principles
307:
296:
282:
277:
263:
249:
235:
218:
182:
147:'Common People', Lawrie).
79:
18:
1535:
1484:
1408:
1358:
1327:
1318:
1261:
1222:
1189:
1080:
1069:
719:
696:
671:
646:
618:
597:
574:
537:
494:
476:
272:
266:
1409:Buildings and structures
1578:Agglutinative languages
1461:Warraber Island Airport
1083:Torres Strait Islanders
1583:Languages of Australia
1431:Darnley Island Airport
1426:Coconut Island Airport
619:Adolphus Channel group
409:Archaeology in Oceania
292:Ngayi mudhapa/lagapa
230:I go home/to the house
46:Pama–Nyungan languages
33:
1456:Saibai Island Airport
1451:Murray Island Airport
1301:Torres Strait English
478:Torres Strait Islands
286:Ngayi kaurau mabaiga
38:Torres Strait Islands
31:
1476:Yorke Island Airport
1416:Boigu Island Airport
1367:Akiba v Commonwealth
1296:Torres Strait Creole
303:Ka metaìm bakeamuda
193:Both languages have
161:Torres Strait Creole
151:Torres Strait Creole
93:kauraraiga/kaurarega
1436:Eborac Island Light
253:Ngai kaiwau mabaig
215:
54:Trans-Fly languages
44:, belonging to the
1512:Alfred Cort Haddon
1471:Yam Island Airport
1441:Goods Island Light
1421:Booby Island Light
239:Ngai kauau mœbaig
213:
52:: a member of the
34:
1565:
1564:
1466:Wyborn Reef Light
1404:
1403:
1373:Mabo v Queensland
1314:
1313:
1276:Eastern Trans-Fly
1065:
1064:
673:The Three Sisters
318:
317:
288:Ngayi kauraraiga
163:is also known as
1595:
1551:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1507:Endeavour Strait
1492:Adolphus Channel
1325:
1324:
1249:
1208:
1078:
1077:
1070:People, culture,
923:North Possession
527:Warakuikul Talab
492:
491:
461:
454:
447:
438:
437:
431:
430:
419:
413:
412:
404:
398:
397:
391:
383:
363:
354:
353:
345:
339:
338:
331:
255:Ngai kaiwalaig
225:I am an Islander
216:
212:
137:Papua New Guinea
21:Lo-Toga language
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1531:
1517:Margaret Lawrie
1480:
1400:
1354:
1335:Shire of Torres
1320:
1310:
1257:
1247:
1218:
1206:
1185:
1073:
1072:communities and
1071:
1061:
948:Prince of Wales
872:Little Adolphus
715:
692:
667:
642:
614:
593:
570:
533:
481:
472:
465:
435:
434:
420:
416:
405:
401:
385:
384:
364:
357:
346:
342:
333:
332:
328:
323:
264:Kalau Lagau Ya
236:Kalau Kauau Ya
207:
191:
183:Main articles:
181:
153:
133:Papuan language
125:
84:
78:
58:Papuan language
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1601:
1591:
1590:
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1360:
1356:
1355:
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1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1319:Governance and
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1286:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1181:Jesse Williams
1178:
1173:
1168:
1166:Wendell Sailor
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
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936:
933:
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927:
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918:
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907:
904:
901:
899:Mount Adolphus
896:
893:
890:
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639:Middle Brother
637:
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489:
474:
473:
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399:
374:(1): 323–446.
355:
352:. Vol. 3.
340:
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322:
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316:
315:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
298:
294:
293:
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284:
280:
279:
275:
274:
273:Ngai mudhaka
271:
265:
261:
260:
259:Ngai mudhapa
257:
251:
250:Kaiwaligau Ya
247:
246:
243:
241:Ngai kaualaig
237:
233:
232:
227:
222:
206:
203:
180:
177:
152:
149:
124:
121:
97:Kalau Lagau Ya
82:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
80:Main article:
77:
76:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
74:
42:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1600:
1589:
1586:
1584:
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1579:
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1560:
1556:
1555:
1546:
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1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:Kubin Airport
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1395:Terra nullius
1392:
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1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:legal matters
1317:
1307:
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1302:
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1162:
1159:
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1146:Mills Sisters
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Aaron Fa'aoso
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Christine Anu
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1068:
1057:
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1046:
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1031:
1028:
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484:
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475:
470:
469:Torres Strait
462:
457:
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403:
395:
389:
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330:
326:
313:
311:Ai ailan man
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
289:
285:
281:
278:Kulkalgau Ya
276:
270:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
245:Ngai lagapa
244:
242:
238:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
217:
211:
202:
200:
196:
190:
186:
179:Sign language
176:
174:
170:
169:Broken/Brokan
166:
162:
158:
148:
146:
140:
138:
134:
130:
120:
118:
114:
108:
106:
100:
98:
94:
89:
83:
73:
71:
67:
63:
62:agglutinative
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
30:
26:
22:
1552:
1542:
1393:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1262:
1211:
1201:
1161:Albert Proud
1151:Danny Morseu
1131:Rachael Maza
1111:Nathan Jawai
1106:Josh Hoffman
1047:Woody Wallis
903:Mount Ernest
875:Little Woody
426:
423:Kendon, Adam
417:
408:
402:
388:cite journal
371:
367:
349:
343:
329:
287:
268:
254:
240:
229:
224:
219:
208:
195:signed forms
192:
172:
168:
165:Blaikman Tok
164:
154:
144:
141:
131:. This is a
126:
116:
112:
109:
101:
95:'islander'.
92:
88:Pama–Nyungan
85:
66:declensional
35:
25:
1223:Communities
1171:Sam Thaiday
1136:Patty Mills
1020:Turtle Head
838:Great Woody
812:East Strait
796:Deliverance
697:Yorke group
598:Inner group
297:Meriam Mìr
1572:Categories
1557:See also:
1328:Governance
1176:Brent Webb
1141:Rita Mills
1126:Eddie Mabo
1121:Robert Lui
1116:Ellen Jose
1096:Seaman Dan
958:Red Wallis
926:North West
852:Hawkesbury
605:Port Lihou
321:References
314:Ai go aus
129:Meriam Mìr
123:Meriam Mir
105:Meriam Mìr
50:Meriam Mir
1522:Sea Swift
1263:Languages
1213:Taba Naba
1156:Tanu Nona
1074:languages
1038:Wednesday
1035:Underdown
1015:Turnagain
806:Dumaralug
781:Dalrymple
720:Ungrouped
553:Kabbikane
380:1440-4788
173:Yumplatok
70:Yumplatok
1544:Category
1248:(people)
1235:Kaurareg
1081:Notable
990:Thursday
982:Stephens
944:Portlock
895:Mouinndo
832:Getullai
818:Farewell
815:Entrance
762:Campbell
513:Keatinge
510:Kamutnab
496:Bellevue
467:List of
425:(1988).
205:Examples
1554:Commons
1240:Mabuiag
1190:Culture
1011:Tukupai
1004:Trochus
997:Travers
978:Spencer
935:Passage
929:Obelisk
917:Nicklin
906:Murangi
892:Morilug
884:Meddler
849:Hammond
845:Halfway
785:Darnley
772:Coconut
755:Bramble
726:Allison
706:Marsden
656:Aubussi
562:Roberts
517:Mabuiag
220:English
1291:Meriam
1281:Gizrra
1253:Seisia
1245:Meriam
1230:Bamaga
1207:(film)
1025:Turtle
986:Suarji
975:Sassie
972:Salter
968:Saibai
964:Saddle
941:Phipps
938:Pearce
914:Nepean
910:Murray
863:Kaumag
824:Friday
803:Dugong
792:Dayman
768:Castle
759:Browne
743:Barney
729:Anchor
709:Rennel
648:Talbot
633:Eborac
626:Albany
587:Maitak
576:Duncan
556:Layoak
550:Aureed
547:Aukane
539:Bourke
485:, and
483:islets
471:topics
378:
157:creole
145:Nog Le
1485:Other
1058:Zagai
1054:Yorke
1044:Whale
994:Tobin
952:Quoin
932:Packe
920:North
878:Lowry
869:Lacey
841:Green
835:Goods
828:Gabba
789:Dauan
765:Canoe
750:Booby
732:Arden
712:Smith
703:Keats
675:group
664:Moimi
660:Boigu
650:group
584:Kanig
578:group
541:group
530:Widul
524:Subur
504:Aipus
498:group
117:Gœiga
1386:No 2
1379:No 1
1306:Wipi
1271:Bine
1203:Mabo
1050:York
1041:West
1032:Twin
1029:Turu
1008:Tudu
1000:Tree
961:Roko
866:Kerr
859:Horn
855:High
821:Flat
809:East
800:Dove
777:Crab
746:Bond
740:Barn
736:Badu
684:Poll
630:Bush
610:Yeta
590:Meth
559:Mimi
521:Pulu
487:cays
394:link
376:ISSN
187:and
171:and
955:Red
888:Moa
881:Mai
688:Sue
681:Bet
636:Ida
566:Yam
507:Cap
1574::
390:}}
386:{{
370:.
358:^
201:.
167:,
113:za
480:,
460:e
453:t
446:v
411:.
396:)
382:.
372:8
23:.
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