545:
145:
335:
is the current holder of the Hales Trophy. In July 1952 that ship made the crossing in 3 days, 10 hours, 40 minutes. Cunard Line's RMS Queen Mary 2 is the only ship currently making regular transatlantic crossings throughout the year, usually between
Southampton and New York. For this reason it has
842:
have largely taken over on transatlantic routes from quad-engine jets, whilst the supersonic
Concorde was ultimately doomed by its high running costs, leading to its retirement in 2003. Since the late 1990s, twin-engined, narrow-body jet airliners have been used for transatlantic service, meaning
352:
In 2009, two brothers, Ralph and Robert Brown, crossed the
Atlantic Ocean in a 21 ft (6.4 m) flats boat – a special boat designed to operate in extremely shallow water. This flats boat was designed and built by Ralph Brown. The voyage was called the "I Am Second Wounded Hero Voyage" in
655:
with his crew and passengers flew from East
Fortune, Scotland to Mineola, Long Island, covering a distance of about 3,000 statute miles (4,800 km) in about four and a half days; he then made a return trip to England, thus also completing the first double crossing of the Atlantic
198:, with Cunard's dominance drawing the attention of the U.S. government, which had its own mail contract to offer to an American firm willing to compete. In 1850 the contract was awarded to the New York and Liverpool United States Steamship Company, which became the
135:
has awarded world records to vessels of various classes such as luxury liners, sail boats, and rowing boats. Because of the shape of the continents and the assistance (or resistance) of ocean currents, the
Eastbound crossing is quicker than the Westbound crossing.
1305:
975:
The introduction of various technologies facilitated progressively faster transatlantic crossings. The duration to travel westbound from Europe to North
America when a new transport innovation was introduced for commercial use is listed below:
357:; Ralph Brown had been in the USMC at the time of the Operation and was told he was going to participate in the mission. Though he ultimately did not go, other servicemen who did perished in the failed military operation.
843:
that city pairs between major North
American hubs and secondary European cities can now be connected directly without the need for larger widebody jets, which were uneconomic on routes with lower passenger demand. The
676:
biplanes, and they covered a distance of 8,383 kilometres (5,209 mi) between 30 March and 17 June. The first night-time crossing of the
Atlantic was accomplished during 16–17 April 1927 by the Portuguese aviators
1448:
339:
During World War II the transatlantic crossing was very important for the United
Kingdom as much of Europe had been taken over by Germany and its allies preventing trade and supplies; the struggle is known as the
785:-powered airplanes began carrying passengers across the ocean in less and less time. The speed of crossing the ocean therefore became more important than the style of crossing it. The maturing passenger
169:
built in 1838 is recognized as the first purpose-built transatlantic steamship, on a scheduled run back and forth from
Bristol to New York City. The design by British civil engineer
213:
has been tracked since 1838, for the fastest average speed of a steamship in regular service across the Atlantic. This record became so critical to international prestige that the
1375:
181:
1718:
91:, and the journeys were time-consuming and often perilous. The first trade route across the Atlantic was inaugurated by Spain a few decades after the European
205:
Competition developed among the industrial powers of the time—the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and the United States—to competitively build grand
1473:
209:
as symbols of national technical skill and expressions of power, not just transport businesses. The competition was for speed. An award called the
890:
619:
Transatlantic flight surpassed ocean liners as the predominant mode of crossing the Atlantic in the mid 20th century. In 1919, the American
1627:
1756:
873:
Transatlantic cables are cables that have been laid along the ocean floor to connect North America and Europe. Before the advent of
1779:
766:
on Terceira Island in the Azores. The final leg of the first transatlantic crossing was about a 20-hour flight from the Azores to
82:
933:
is still colloquially known as "cable" by financial marketeers, from the early use of the transatlantic cable for this purpose.
227:, which it did in 1907. The government also required it be convertible into a troop carrier if needed. In 1935 shipping magnate
724:
The first serious attempt to take a share of the transatlantic passenger market away from the ocean liners was undertaken by
1699:. No. Spring 2011. Washington, DC: Chief of Naval Operations and Naval Air Systems Command, Navy Dept. pp. 20–23.
1331:
1503:
1585:
1560:
868:
1409:
1345:
1267:
1602:
947:
A transatlantic tunnel is a theoretical structure proposed several times since the late 19th century. It would be a
678:
1784:
1774:
1678:
Kline, R. C. and Kubarych, S. J., Blimpron 14 Overseas, 1944, Naval Historical Center, Navy Yard, Washington, D. C.
1481:
755:
70:
1653:
220:
was commissioned by the British government specifically to take the Blue Riband back from the Germans and their
131:
20:
826:) in the early 1970s made affordable transatlantic travel to the masses a reality. Since the 1990s, the high
1689:
878:
388:
877:, the only means of communication across the Atlantic Ocean was to physically connect the continents with a
814:
The economics of commercial transatlantic flying have evolved markedly since the 1950s; the introduction of
656:(east–west–east). The first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic was made by the Portuguese naval aviators
539:
221:
202:, and which answered Cunard with its own four ships, which were newer, larger, faster, and more luxurious.
1425:
1164:
714:
578:
1157:
185:
92:
1578:
The cruise of the "Quero": How we carried the news to the king. A neglected chapter in local history
732:
that could carry about 60 passengers in a similar luxurious style to the ocean liners. However, the
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was a breakthrough in its size, unprecedented passenger capacity, and for Brunel leveraging the
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66:
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formalized the prize by commissioning and donating the four-foot, solid silver Hales Trophy.
214:
158:
Transatlantic passenger crossings became faster, safer, and more reliable with the advent of
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942:
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design. This voyage followed an unsuccessful attempt the previous year in his first raft,
8:
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718:
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298:
256:
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airplanes could connect the two cities in less than 4 hours, and only one ocean liner,
801:
to between 6.5 and 8 hours, depending on weather conditions. By the 1970s, supersonic
747:
548:
523:
472:
398:
392:
1719:"Liner Transatlantic Crossing Times, 1833 – 1952 | The Geography of Transport Systems"
811:
remained on the transatlantic route for those who favored the slower style of travel.
1744:
Steam Titans: Cunard, Collins, and the Epic Battle for Commerce on the North Atlantic
1700:
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1124:
908:
807:
702:
686:
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313:
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1376:"Three Canadians, two kittens, one raft: A little-known journey across the Atlantic"
781:
Beginning in the 1950s, the predominance of ocean liners began to wane when larger,
194:
and a mail contract from the British government. The company later evolved into the
1449:"Anthony Smith, adventurer who crossed the Atlantic by raft in his 80s, dies at 88"
1211:
1077:
998:
665:
632:
485:
was the first recorded individual to complete a non-stop transatlantic crossing by
435:
419:
325:
305:
163:
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1200:
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767:
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652:
518:
In 2006, the first West–East North Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from
482:
475:
broke the previous rowing record of 55 days and setting a new record of 39 days.
174:
108:
184:
started its year-round Liverpool-Halifax-Boston service in 1840, using four new
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993:
960:
952:
930:
669:
508:
507:
In 1997, the first East–West Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from the
490:
407:
284:
46:
30:
1426:"Son of Town Hall, First Raft made of Scrap to Cross the North Atlantic Ocean"
1306:"Smallest Power Boat to Cross The Atlantic: Florida brothers set world record"
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of a larger ship. It became the prototype for a generation of similar ships.
50:
1262:
Rolt, L.T.C., "Victorian Engineering", 1970, Allen Lane The Penguin Press,
1167:
725:
698:
628:
627:
to cross the Atlantic (but in multiple stages). Later that year, a British
479:
451:
318:
277:
228:
199:
88:
900:
The first pair of eastbound and westbound transatlantic telephone cables,
830:
of modern jet engines has meant that twin-engine jet aircraft such as the
762:, Newfoundland. From Argentia, the blimps flew approximately 22 hours to
721:
proposed a string of anchored "seadromes" to refuel planes in a crossing.
705:
made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight in an airplane (between
468:
in Spain on 10 October, becoming the first woman to accomplish this feat.
1153:
1140:
1108:
1069:
1003:
856:
839:
763:
242:
210:
206:
195:
120:
62:
45:. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between
544:
465:
1018:
905:
852:
844:
835:
831:
819:
790:
782:
673:
643:. Also in 1919, the British were the first to cross the Atlantic in an
144:
99:
in 1566, a convoy system that regularly linked its territories in the
87:
Prior to the 19th century, transatlantic crossings were undertaken in
1129:
1098:
1083:
1073:
1052:
1031:
1014:
985:
713:). The second solo piloting, and the first to carry a passenger, was
512:
430:
387:
In 1956, Henri Beaudout crossed the Atlantic from West to East, from
191:
159:
124:
111:
and the Portuguese mainland. Other colonial powers followed, such as
1555:(First ed.). New York: Little, Brown and Company. p. 248.
1203:
802:
729:
624:
556:
104:
58:
42:
1119:
886:
786:
775:
771:
644:
640:
587:
415:
369:
crossed the Atlantic from East to West, journeying 113 days in a
249:
1553:
American spring: Lexington, Concord, and the road to revolution
1207:
1189:
1171:
1143:
964:
948:
794:
270:
116:
54:
38:
34:
981:
915:
901:
874:
848:
751:
710:
486:
336:
been designed as a proper ocean liner, not as a cruise ship.
442:
In 2011, Anthony Smith and the Antiki crossed the Atlantic.
182:
British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company
1182:
620:
591:
347:
1660:. British Newspaper Archive. 30 June 1871. p. 2 col.6
16:
Passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean
1628:"Nautical archive, ship horn of the Red White & Blue"
851:
certified, although the most recent versions of both the
681:, Jorge de Castilho and Manuel Gouveia, flying from the
527:
970:
739:
in 1937 put an end to transatlantic Zeppelin flights.
107:
created a similar maritime route between its ports in
1526:"64-Year-Old Kayaker Completes Trans-Atlantic Voyage"
1346:"Two brothers cross the Atlantic Ocean in a 21' boat"
162:
in the 19th century. The wooden-hulled, paddle-wheel
750:(USN) completed the first transatlantic crossing by
590:, England, in 38 days. In 1870 and 1871, The 20-ft
758:on 28 May 1944 and flew approximately 16 hours to
728:. In the 1930s, Germany crossed the Atlantic with
635:made the first non-stop transatlantic flight from
605:and back, crewed by two men (and a dog) each way.
460:started an eastward crossing of the Atlantic from
234:Examples of other famous transatlantic liners are
1766:
1332:"Smallest Powerboat to Cross the Atlantic Ocean"
29:are passages of passengers and cargo across the
1757:"Evolution of trans-Atlantic Ships", May 1931,
651:captained by Major George Herbert Scott of the
1603:"A Fast Ship from Salem: Carrying News of War"
1199:1976: 3 hours 30 minutes: supersonic aircraft
914:. The first transatlantic fiber optic cable,
19:For other uses of the term Transatlantic, see
1280:"Exhibition "On the Water" - Ocean Crossings"
496:
53:. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic
515:. It now runs roughly once every two years.
396:
374:
793:reduced the typical crossing time between
672:, Brazil in stages, using three different
1399:
754:. The two K-ships (K-123 and K-130) left
65:was established in 1566 with the Spanish
1550:
1181:1958: 10 hours 20 minutes: jet aircraft
881:, the first of which was installed from
608:
543:
348:Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic
143:
1600:
1575:
1358:
936:
862:
664:in 1922. Coutinho and Cabral flew from
83:List of crossings of the Atlantic Ocean
1767:
1687:
1373:
445:
61:, a regular and lasting transatlantic
1474:"Ses-traversees-et-son-tour-du-monde"
1428:. The Floating Neutrinos. 30 May 2006
493:and arrived in Brazil 99 days later.
1446:
1030:1889: 5 days 19 hours: double screw
904:, were laid in 1955 and 1956 by the
439:, crossed the North Atlantic Ocean.
353:honor of the men who were killed in
1256:
1013:1863: 8 days 3 hours: single screw
971:Duration of transatlantic crossings
859:now have transatlantic capability.
139:
103:with Spain for over two centuries.
13:
1746:(London: Bloomsbury), 2017. 358 pp
1736:
1607:Journal of the American Revolution
869:Transatlantic communications cable
847:started this trend when it became
573:In 1866, the 26-foot (7.9 m)
154:depicted on a German postage stamp
14:
1796:
1750:
897:in 1858. It worked for a month.
746:from Blimp Squadron ZP-14 of the
570:in 28 days (April 28 to May 25).
1634:. Live Auctioneers. 13 July 2019
1160:via Foynes, Botwood and Shediac)
95:, with the establishment of the
1780:Transport in the Atlantic Ocean
1711:
1681:
1672:
1646:
1620:
1594:
1569:
1544:
1518:
1496:
1466:
1440:
1374:Wadden, Marie (3 August 2012).
71:voyages of Christopher Columbus
1601:Ruppert, Bob (17 April 2015).
1418:
1393:
1367:
1352:
1338:
1324:
1298:
1272:
456:On 13 June 2003, French rower
395:, on a raft of wood and rope,
132:Guinness Book of World Records
1:
1690:"K-Ships Across the Atlantic"
1447:Weil, Martin (26 July 2014).
879:transatlantic telegraph cable
1576:Rantoul, Robert S. (2018) .
1551:Borneman, Walter R. (2014).
1250:
562:, sailed by John Derby from
540:Transatlantic sailing record
7:
1361:The Voyage of the Heretique
1218:
478:On 26 October 2010, Polish
10:
1801:
1310:www.worldrecordacademy.com
1165:American Overseas Airlines
1163:1945: 14 hours: landplane
940:
866:
715:Clarence Duncan Chamberlin
701:flying boat. In May 1927,
612:
537:
500:
497:Transatlantic rowing races
449:
80:
18:
989:(Southampton to Cape Cod)
918:, was installed in 1988.
360:
224:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
93:Discovery of the Americas
76:
1506:. BBC. 25 September 2006
1400:Heyerdahl, Thor (1972).
462:Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
410:crossed the Atlantic in
382:
123:, as they colonized the
1785:Transatlantic relations
1775:International transport
1742:Fowler Jr., William M.
1359:Bombard, Alain (1953).
1284:Smithsonian Institution
1225:Transatlantic relations
1047:1907: 4 days 20 hours:
992:1838: 18 days 4 hours:
818:airliners (such as the
551:, current record holder
533:
171:Isambard Kingdom Brunel
27:Transatlantic crossings
1118:1936: 2 days 5 hours:
1068:1929: 4 days 3 hours:
760:Naval Station Argentia
552:
397:
375:
342:Battle of the Atlantic
155:
1504:"Rowing the Atlantic"
1363:. Simon and Schuster.
1235:Transpacific crossing
1139:1939: 1 day 3 hours:
867:Further information:
609:Transatlantic flights
547:
147:
1688:Kaiser, Don (2011).
1654:"The City of Ragusa"
1478:Fontenroy Foundation
1245:Atlantic slave trade
1230:Transatlantic flight
943:Transatlantic tunnel
937:Transatlantic tunnel
927:United States dollar
863:Transatlantic cables
742:On 1 June 1944, two
615:Transatlantic flight
564:Salem, Massachusetts
555:In 1775, the 62-ton
503:Atlantic Rowing Race
355:Operation Eagle Claw
1697:Naval Aviation News
1632:liveauctioneers.com
1580:. Forgotten Books.
1240:Transpacific flight
719:Edward R. Armstrong
691:Fernando de Noronha
683:BijagĂłs Archipelago
579:Red, White and Blue
446:Rowing and paddling
1532:. 10 February 2011
1402:The Ra Expeditions
1380:The Globe and Mail
1348:. 21 October 2009.
1186:de Havilland Comet
1147:Boeing 314 Clipper
789:starting with the
756:South Weymouth, MA
752:non-rigid airships
748:United States Navy
679:Sarmento de Beires
553:
549:Banque Populaire V
524:Falmouth, Cornwall
473:Vivaldi Atlantic 4
156:
97:West Indies fleets
67:West Indies fleets
1759:Popular Mechanics
1721:. 8 November 2017
1658:Cork Constitution
1286:. 9 February 2021
808:Queen Elizabeth 2
770:in Port Lyautey (
703:Charles Lindbergh
687:Portuguese Guinea
623:became the first
418:raft built to an
314:Queen Elizabeth 2
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1731:
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1480:. Archived from
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1317:
1312:. Includes video
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1260:
1212:Washington, D.C.
717:on 6 June 1927.
693:, Brazil in the
666:Lisbon, Portugal
633:Alcock and Brown
436:Son of Town Hall
420:Ancient Egyptian
402:
378:
140:Passenger liners
69:, following the
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
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1737:Further reading
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1453:Washington Post
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1201:British Airways
1158:Port Washington
1061:(Queenstown to
1040:(Queenstown to
1023:(Queenstown to
980:1620: 66 days:
973:
945:
939:
891:Heart's Content
871:
865:
662:Sacadura Cabral
653:Royal Air Force
617:
611:
542:
536:
505:
499:
483:Aleksander Doba
454:
448:
385:
363:
350:
301:Queen Elizabeth
175:fuel efficiency
142:
85:
79:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1751:External links
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1748:
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1593:
1587:978-0484107105
1586:
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1562:978-0316221023
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1484:on 6 July 2019
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1093:1936: 4 days:
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994:paddle steamer
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961:United Kingdom
953:Atlantic Ocean
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864:
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744:K-class blimps
670:Rio de Janeiro
613:Main article:
610:
607:
601:, Ireland, to
595:City of Ragusa
538:Main article:
535:
532:
509:Canary Islands
501:Main article:
498:
495:
491:Dakar, Senegal
489:. He departed
464:. She reached
450:Main article:
447:
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408:Thor Heyerdahl
403:, in 88 days.
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1725:29 November
1458:8 September
1196:via Gander)
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1141:flying boat
1109:Bishop Rock
1070:bulbous bow
857:Airbus A320
840:Airbus A330
828:reliability
764:Lajes Field
699:Dornier Wal
631:piloted by
376:L'Hérétique
211:Blue Riband
196:Cunard Line
121:Netherlands
63:trade route
57:trade with
1769:Categories
1125:Hindenburg
1104:Queen Mary
1097:-equipped
1072:-equipped
1063:Sandy Hook
1051:-equipped
1042:Sandy Hook
906:cable ship
853:Boeing 737
845:Boeing 757
836:Boeing 777
832:Boeing 767
820:Boeing 747
791:Boeing 707
774:), French
768:Craw Field
735:Hindenburg
674:Fairey III
599:Queenstown
399:L'Égaré II
324:, and the
287:Queen Mary
217:Mauretania
192:steamships
160:steamships
1705:0028-1417
1510:29 August
1316:13 August
1290:21 August
1251:Citations
1134:Lakehurst
1130:Frankfurt
1099:steamship
1084:Cherbourg
1074:steamship
1058:Lusitania
1053:steamship
1032:steamship
1015:steamship
986:Mayflower
730:Zeppelins
647:when the
513:Caribbean
431:junk raft
406:In 1970,
365:In 1952,
319:RMS
299:RMS
285:RMS
280:Normandie
266:Aquitania
264:RMS
250:RMS
243:RMS
238:Lusitania
236:RMS
215:RMS
187:Britannia
125:New World
1612:23 March
1219:See also
1204:Concorde
959:and the
955:between
883:Valentia
816:widebody
803:Concorde
737:disaster
625:airplane
603:New York
575:lifeboat
557:schooner
466:A Coruña
393:Falmouth
326:SS
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164:SS
119:and the
105:Portugal
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41:and the
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1120:airship
911:Monarch
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776:Morocco
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566:to the
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294:America
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795:London
371:Zodiac
361:Zodiac
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109:Brazil
77:By sea
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39:Africa
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909:HMTS
902:TAT-1
875:radio
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1701:ISSN
1666:2020
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