29:
175:, who had shot at Victoria in 1840, felt that the attempts were encouraged by his acquittal on the grounds of insanity two years before. Bean's assault, though physically harmless, was still punishable by death. Feeling that such a penalty was too harsh, Albert encouraged Parliament to pass a law recognising lesser crimes against the monarch, such as intent to alarm. Bean was sentenced to 18 months in gaol.
156:
as a "little, swarthy, ill-looking rascal ... of the age of twenty-six to thirty, with a shabby hat and of dirty appearance", aimed a pistol at her but did not fire. The following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke
Francis
2924:
259:. On 5 October he was sentenced to nine years, plus five years on extended licence; of the nine years' imprisonment, 44 months related to the charge under this section, the remainder being for having an offensive weapon contrary to section 1 of the
254:
on 25 December 2021; he was charged with "discharging or aiming firearms, or throwing or using any offensive matter or weapon, with intent to injure or alarm Her
Majesty". He pleaded guilty to that and other offences on 3 February 2023 at the
218:
This section is still in force. It created a new offence (less serious than treason, "a high misdemeanour") of assaulting the monarch, or of having a firearm or offensive weapon in his presence with intent to injure or alarm him or to cause a
140:. The most recent person to be convicted under the Act was Jaswant Singh Chail, on 3 February 2023, and he was sentenced to nine years in prison on 5 October 2023. He was the first person in more than 40 years to be convicted under the act.
585:
238:
when she was on parade. The previous use of this
Section was in 1966, when John Francis Morgan was convicted for throwing a concrete block out of a building onto the Queen's car during a royal visit to
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187:
had its own special rules of evidence and procedure, which made it difficult to prosecute traitors successfully, such as the requirement that the prosecution produce two witnesses to the same
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332:, in Great Britain it is now only treason to "compass or imagine" the monarch's death. Consequently, assaulting the monarch is only treason if it proves that state of mind.
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relaxed these rules in relation to attempts on the King's life, bringing the rules in such cases in line with the less restrictive rules which then existed in ordinary
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to take a second aim and catch him in the act. As expected, Francis shot at her, but he was seized by plain clothes policemen, tried, and convicted of
203:
cases. Section 1 of the 1842 Act went further, removing the special rules in all cases of treason involving any attempt to wound or maim the monarch.
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1726:
210:. This repeal was consequential on the extension of the ordinary rules of evidence and procedure to all forms of treason by section 1 of that Act.
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On 2 August 2022, Jaswant Singh Chail was charged with offences under section 2 of the
Treason Act 1842. He had been arrested in the grounds of
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133:
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This section is also still in force, and provides that section 2 does not affect the penalty for treason. However, although under the
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for a term not exceeding seven years. Originally, an attempt to assault or alarm the monarch was made punishable by
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3030:
749:
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832:
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520:"Jaswant Singh Chail: Windsor Castle intruder who intended to kill Queen apologises to Royal Family"
1434:
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742:
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In
Northern Ireland intending or causing "any bodily harm" to the King remains treason under the
96:
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560:
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8:
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220:
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many kinds of assault on the monarch were treason, that Act was repealed in 1998. Under
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125:
46:
An Act for providing for the further
Security and Protection of Her Majesty's Person.
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and up to seven years' imprisonment. No-one who violated the act was ever flogged.
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149:
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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United
Kingdom, from
172:
106:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United
Kingdom, from
169:
fired a pistol at the Queen, but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco.
280:
276:
235:
158:
79:
789:
373:
353:
312:
275:
Today, a person convicted of an offence under this section is liable to
2963:
256:
464:
188:
651:
The
Politics of Regicide in England, 1760–1850: Troublesome Subjects
538:"Jaswant Singh Chail: Man who took crossbow to 'kill Queen' jailed"
391:"Jaswant Singh Chail: Man who took crossbow to 'kill Queen' jailed"
251:
734:
240:
691:, 12 July 1842, vol.65, col. 19 - 28 (first and second reading)
200:
263:
and making threats to kill, contrary to section 16 of the
230:
was sentenced to five years on pleading guilty to firing
148:
On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along
721:, 15 July 1842, vol.65, col. 167 - 171 (second reading)
709:, 14 July 1842, vol.65, col. 100 - 101 (first reading)
495:"Man admits treason charge over Queen crossbow threat"
152:, when John Francis, described by Victoria's husband
3039:
206:This section was repealed on 15 June 1945 by the
191:, or that three judges preside at the trial (see
3106:
697:, 13 July 1842, vol.65, col. 80 - 84 (committee)
165:on 1 July. Two days later, in a similar attack,
715:, 15 July 1842, vol.65, col. 182 - 184 (report)
703:, 13 July 1842, vol.65, col. 99 (third reading)
480:"Man caught in Windsor Castle grounds charged"
1753:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
750:
2953:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919
586:Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1953
2989:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales
653:, Manchester: Manchester University Press,
416:Hibbert, pp. 422–423; St Aubyn, pp. 162–163
161:. Francis's death sentence was commuted to
134:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
3013:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland
757:
743:
462:"Concrete at Queen's car: 4 years' gaol".
1751:Great Britain and Ireland and the United
492:
223:. The maximum sentence is seven years.
3115:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1842
3107:
590:Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975
136:. It was passed early in the reign of
3001:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly
738:
607:, The National Archives, 16 July 1842
576:The Treason Act 1842, section 2; the
97:Text of statute as originally enacted
3072:United Kingdom statutory instruments
493:Sandford, Daniel (3 February 2023).
265:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
380:, section 1 and the first schedule.
13:
764:
637:Queen Victoria: A Personal History
349:High treason in the United Kingdom
14:
3136:
682:
425:Hibbert, p. 423; St Aubyn, p. 163
286:
34:Parliament of the United Kingdom
27:
2973:Acts of the Scottish Parliament
618:
595:
570:
548:
530:
512:
486:
472:
468:. 27 September 1966. p. 1.
3077:Scottish statutory instruments
455:
452:Section 2(1) and the Schedule.
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
401:
383:
366:
1:
3125:Treason in the United Kingdom
3094:Church of England instruments
773:Pre-parliamentary legislation
359:
143:
804:the Kingdom of Great Britain
725:Text of the Treason Act 1842
319:
261:Prevention of Crime Act 1953
213:
178:
104:Text of the Treason Act 1842
7:
342:
309:(1849) 7 State Tr N.S. 1130
303:(1842) 4 State Tr N.S. 1382
295:(1842) 4 State Tr N.S. 1376
270:
10:
3141:
713:Hansard (House of Commons)
701:Hansard (House of Commons)
695:Hansard (House of Commons)
689:Hansard (House of Commons)
665:Queen Victoria: A Portrait
563: 5 October 2023),
482:. BBC News. 2 August 2022.
337:Treason Act (Ireland) 1537
18:United Kingdom legislation
3062:
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2961:
2937:
1745:
1716:
1432:Acts of Parliament of the
1431:
1411:
810:
798:
772:
639:, London: HarperCollins,
582:Criminal Justice Act 1948
183:In 19th century Britain,
102:
95:
88:
78:
73:
63:
50:
40:
26:
1749:of the United Kingdom of
1435:Kingdom of Great Britain
780:List of English statutes
719:Hansard (House of Lords)
707:Hansard (House of Lords)
578:Penal Servitude Act 1857
315:(1850) 8 State Tr N.S. 1
65:Territorial extent
1218:Interregnum (1642–1660)
663:St Aubyn, Giles (1991)
604:Treason Act 1842 (c.51)
163:transportation for life
1412:Parliament of Scotland
561:Central Criminal Court
3064:Secondary legislation
1719:Parliament of Ireland
811:Parliament of England
378:Short Titles Act 1896
376:was conferred by the
2985:Acts of Senedd Cymru
2916:European Communities
785:Charter of Liberties
649:Poole, Steve (2000)
633:Hibbert, Christopher
588:, section 1(1); the
584:, section 1(1); the
526:. 15 September 2023.
3120:1842 in British law
2890:Halsbury's Statutes
802:of states preceding
800:Acts of parliaments
221:breach of the peace
23:
2896:Legislation.gov.uk
1747:Acts of Parliament
729:legislation.gov.uk
669:Sinclair-Stevenson
624:Poole, pp. 199–203
236:Queen Elizabeth II
195:for details). The
108:legislation.gov.uk
21:
3102:
3101:
3087:Acts of Adjournal
3058:
3057:
3050:1972–2009/2015–16
3023:Orders in Council
2939:Church of England
2933:
2932:
1427:
1426:
1294:Habeas Corpus Act
1205:Petition of Right
580:, section 2; the
544:. 5 October 2023.
397:. 5 October 2023.
167:John William Bean
114:
113:
3132:
3082:Acts of Sederunt
3042:Northern Ireland
3037:
3036:
2910:relating to the
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592:, section 221(1)
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434:St Aubyn, p. 163
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387:
381:
370:
326:Treason Act 1795
208:Treason Act 1945
197:Treason Act 1800
193:Treason Act 1695
150:The Mall, London
118:Treason Act 1842
66:
31:
30:
24:
22:Treason Act 1842
20:
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443:Hibbert, p. 423
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407:Hibbert, p. 422
406:
402:
389:
388:
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330:the present law
322:
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228:Marcus Sarjeant
216:
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122:5 & 6 Vict.
91:
90:Status: Amended
64:
57:5 & 6 Vict.
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124:c. 51) is an
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3031:1994 to date
2966:institutions
2925:1972 to date
2901:Short titles
2888:
1717:Acts of the
1216:
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611:18 September
609:, retrieved
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502:. Retrieved
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323:
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298:
293:R v. Francis
292:
277:imprisonment
274:
245:
225:
217:
205:
182:
171:
159:high treason
147:
117:
115:
84:16 July 1842
80:Royal assent
15:
790:Magna Carta
374:short title
354:Treason Act
313:Pate's Case
3109:Categories
2914:(formerly
667:, London:
504:3 February
360:References
257:Old Bailey
144:Background
130:Parliament
42:Long title
1737:1751–1800
1732:1701–1750
1528:1760–1764
1523:1755–1759
1518:1750–1754
1513:1745–1749
1508:1740–1744
1503:1735–1739
1498:1730–1734
1493:1725–1729
1488:1720–1724
1483:1715–1719
860:1422–1460
855:1413–1421
850:1399–1411
845:1377–1397
840:1327–1376
828:1308–1325
823:1275–1307
818:1225–1267
556:R v Chail
465:The Times
320:Section 3
300:R v. Bean
234:shots at
226:In 1981,
214:Section 2
189:overt act
179:Section 1
2964:devolved
2941:measures
542:BBC News
524:Sky News
499:BBC News
395:BBC News
343:See also
281:flogging
271:Sentence
252:crossbow
52:Citation
1727:to 1700
1419:to 1707
635:(2000)
241:Belfast
185:treason
132:of the
128:of the
675:
657:
643:
559: (
201:murder
372:This
232:blank
74:Dates
59:c. 51
3040:for
3006:List
2994:List
2987:and
2978:List
2948:List
2881:2024
2876:2023
2871:2022
2866:2021
2861:2020
2856:2019
2851:2018
2846:2017
2841:2016
2836:2015
2831:2014
2826:2013
2821:2012
2816:2011
2811:2010
2806:2009
2801:2008
2796:2007
2791:2006
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2776:2003
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2733:1995
2728:1994
2723:1993
2718:1992
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2708:1990
2703:1989
2698:1988
2693:1987
2688:1986
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2673:1983
2668:1982
2663:1981
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2653:1979
2648:1978
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2633:1975
2628:1974
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2598:1968
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2418:1932
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2408:1930
2403:1929
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2333:1915
2328:1914
2323:1913
2318:1912
2313:1911
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2298:1908
2293:1907
2288:1906
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2145:1878
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2110:1871
2105:1870
2100:1869
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2035:1856
2030:1855
2025:1854
2020:1853
2015:1852
2010:1851
2005:1850
2000:1849
1995:1848
1990:1847
1985:1846
1980:1845
1975:1844
1970:1843
1965:1842
1960:1841
1955:1840
1950:1839
1945:1838
1940:1837
1935:1836
1930:1835
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1920:1833
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1900:1829
1895:1828
1890:1827
1885:1826
1880:1825
1875:1824
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