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statue. In the following argument, a
Catholic student named Stanisław Lisiecki was arrested by Lutheran militia. In response, pupils of the Jesuits dragged a pupil named Jan Nagórny of the Lutheran Gymnasium into their monastery, demanding that Lisiecki be released. After a crowd assembled in front of the monastery to demand Nagórny's release.
278:. In 1595, the Jesuits arrived to promote the Counter-Reformation, taking control of the Church of St John. Protestant city officials tried to limit the influx of a Catholic population into the city, as Catholics (Jesuits and Dominicans) already controlled most churches, leaving only St Mary's to the Protestant citizens.
347:, who in that year served as president of the town council, ordered the town militia to dissolve the angry mob, but the commander disobeyed, as did the "citizen guards". Only the "crown guards", loyal to the king, could eventually pacify the scene, yet only after the crowd had entered the Jesuit building, causing damage.
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Several
Jesuits were beaten, portraits of Catholic saints were defiled, and the main altar was partially destroyed. Afterwards many books and paintings were thrown out into a pile and set on fire. After this event, both Jesuits and Dominicans tried to persuade Rösner and ten other leading citizens,
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On 16 and 17 July 1724, when the
Jesuits held another procession, fights between pupils of the Jesuits and Lutheran inhabitants occurred as Jesuit pupils accused the gathered Lutherans of showing disrespect to Holy Mary by not taking their hats off during the procession and not kneeling before her
426:'s efficient propaganda machine", as an example of Polish and Catholic intolerance, even in German states which engaged in religious persecution themselves. In large parts of Protestant Europe, the event damaged Poland's reputation for religious tolerance.
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there on the day of the execution, 7 December 1724, a date which is now observed in remembrance of the
Protestant martyrs. In addition, the majority of the town council was required to be Catholic from then on. A Protestant school, chapel, and
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dictated Polish internal policy. August, a former
Lutheran who had been required to convert to Roman Catholicism in order to be elected to the Polish throne, regretted not being in a position to pardon the convicts.
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One of the convicts converted to Roman
Catholicism and was spared, as was Rösner's predecessor and proxy, Jakob Heinrich Zerneke (1672–1741), a well-respected historian who had written the
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all of them German
Protestants, to convert to Roman Catholicism. They refused and remained in the city despite the pressure applied when the Jesuits sued them at the royal supreme court in
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285:, a discussion between the leaders of the rival creeds, resulted in no agreement. Just as the religious tensions in the rest of Europe were settling down after the bloody
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friars. In the 15th century, after becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the policy of the Order, citizens of the Order's monastic state organized themselves into the
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267:-populated Royal Prussia also adopted Protestantism in 1557, while the majority of the Kingdom of Poland remained Roman Catholic. During the tenure of mayor (
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Over contemporary 165 publications and hundreds of newspapers reported on the alleged oppression of
Protestants in Thorn. Decades later, during the
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processions, as the assembled
Catholics might have occupied this church as well. Further violent conflicts occurred in 1688 and 1721.
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recalled the sentencing of
Protestants as an example "of the religious intolerance of the Poles" and glorified the Russian army.
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At that time, Poland was largely tolerant in religious affairs. However, this gradually changed with the advent of the
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states that it was the sole event for which the name of Copernicus's birthplace was remembered in Protestant Europe.
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for "neglecting their duty and countenancing tumult", while two others, accused of profaning the Virgin, were to be
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The last remaining Protestant church, St Mary's, was made Catholic and given to Franciscan friars who celebrated a
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led a regiment of soldiers to the city to execute the verdict. Rösner and other officials were to be
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In the second half of the 17th century, tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew. In 1645, a
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officials were blamed for neglect of duty, sentenced to death, and executed on 7 December 1724.
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the situation was worsening. From 1682, St Mary's Church had to be guarded by a
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The castle of Thorn (Toruń) was built by crusading German knights of the
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In Polish history books, the event rarely found mention before 1979.
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After the secularization of the Teutonic Order, the newly formed
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in 1711. He received an amnesty on 12 December and emigrated to
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Nicolas Lenglet Dufresnoy, New Method of Studying History
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Europäische Öffentlichkeit Transnationale Kommunikation
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were required to be handed over to Catholic control.
355:. The court was held during the second monarchy of
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710:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 879.
422:The event was used by what Karin Friedrich calls "
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655:seit dem 18. Jahrhundert, Frankfurt/Main, 2002,
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259:in 1525, the first state to do so. During the
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62:) refers to executions ordered in 1724 by the
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255:and the remaining Prussian territory adopted
220:city rights. More settlers soon arrived with
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470:. Oxford University Press. p. 264.
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66:supreme court under
683:A History of Poland
424:Brandenburg-Prussia
291:Peace of Westphalia
276:Counter-Reformation
234:Thirteen Years' War
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190:April 2022
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464:(2001).
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