401:
239:
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687:, which were seen by Hungarians as very dangerous to the state and nation of Hungary because the country had large ethnic German and Slavic populations. Political Turanism was a romantic nationalist movement, which accentuated the importance of the common ancestry and the cultural affinity of the Hungarians with the peoples of the Caucasus, Inner and Central Asia, like the Turks, Mongols, Parsi and the like, and called for closer collaboration and political alliance with them, as a means to secure and further shared interests, and counter the imminent threats posed by the policies of Western powers like Germany, the British Empire, France and Russia.
419:, he called these languages "Turanian". Müller divided this group into two subgroups, the Southern Division and the Northern Division. In the long run, his evolutionist theory about languages' structural development, tying growing grammatical refinement to socio-economic development, and grouping languages into 'antediluvian', 'familial', 'nomadic', and 'political' developmental stages, proved unsound. Nonetheless, his terminology stuck, and the terms 'Turanian peoples' and 'Turanian languages' became parts of common parlance. Another proposed group, the Ural-Altaic languages, was later derived from Müller's Northern Division subgroup.
2409:
2093:
1968:
Romano
Valentino, Cail Francesco, Vona Giuseppe, Demaine Andrew, Papiha Surinder, Triantaphyllides Costas, Stefanescu Gheorghe, Hatina Jiri, Belledi Michele, Di Rienzo Anna, Novelletto Andrea, Oppenheim Ariella, Norby Soren, Al-Zaheri Nadia, Santachiara-Benerecetti Silvana, Scozzari Rosaria, Torroni Antonio, & Bandelt Hans Jurgen. (2000). Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool. American Journal of Human Genetics, 67, p. 1251–1276.
701:(1920), the new Hungarian state constituted only 32.7% of the territory of historic, pre-treaty Hungary, and it lost 58.4% of its total population. More than 3.2 million ethnic Hungarians (one-third of all Hungarians) resided outside the new boundaries of Hungary in the successor states under oppressive conditions. Old Hungarian cities of great cultural importance like Pozsony (a former capital of the country), Kassa, and Kolozsvár (present-day
573:. Castrén conducted more than seven years of fieldwork in western and southern Siberia between 1841 and 1849. His extensive field materials focus on Ob-Ugric, Samoyedic, Ketic, and Turkic languages. He collected valuable ethnographic information, especially on shamanism. Based on his research, he claimed that the Finnic, Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic languages were all of the same 'Altaic family'. He concluded that the
124:
25:
66:
1856:
Chairman of the
Supreme Soviet of the Tatar ASSR and professor of philology who has published hundreds of scientific works, argues that proto-Turkish is the starting point of the Indo-European languages. Zakiev and his colleagues claim to have discovered the Tatar roots of the Sumerian, ancient Greek and Icelandic languages and deciphered Etruscan and Minoan writings.
863:
the
Ottoman Turks with the other Turks in the world. These objects were first pursued in the cultural sphere by a private group of 'Intellectuals', and promoted by peaceful propaganda. After 1913, they took on a political form and were incorporated in the programme of the C.U.P.", but Ottoman defeat in World War I briefly undermined the notion of Turanism.
719:
regain its well deserved position among the nations. A more radical group of conservative, rightist people, sometimes even with an anti-Semitic hint propagated sharply anti-Western views and the superiority of
Eastern culture, the necessity of a pro-Eastern policy, and development of the awareness of Turanic
913:
may have possible genetic and linguistic connection with the Turkic and other nomadic tribes in Asia. They have pointed to Native
American culture, dance, and customs as being similar to those found in Siberia and Northeast Asia, although since changed after the migration of the Native Americans from
862:
The
Turkish version of Turanism was summed up by American politicians at the time of First World War as follows: "It has been shown above that the Turkish version of Turanism contains two general ideas: (a) To purify and strengthen the Turkish nationality within the Ottoman Empire, and (b) to link up
473:
Right across northern Europe and Asia, from the Baltic to the
Pacific and from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Ocean, there stretches a vast band of peoples to whom ethnologists have assigned the name of "Uralo-Altaic race", but who are more generally termed "Turanians". This group embraces the most
758:
After World War II, the Soviet Red Army occupied
Hungary. The Hungarian government was placed under the direct control of the administration of the occupying forces. All Turanist organisations were disbanded by the government, and the majority of Turanist publications was banned and confiscated. In
713:
respectively) were lost. Under these circumstances, no
Hungarian government could survive without seeking justice for both the Magyars and Hungary. Reuniting the Magyars became a crucial point in public life and on the political agenda. Outrage led many to reject Europe and turn towards the East in
619:
Two hundred years ago few would have believed that the Slavic tribe would attain the prominent (and constantly growing) position it enjoys nowadays in the history of culture. What if one day the
Finnish tribe, which occupies a territory almost as vast, were to play a greater role on the world scene
900:
In the wake of the Turkish-assisted victory by Azerbaijan in its war with Armenia in 2020, "a certain 'Turan' (greater Turkic world) euphoria took hold on social media," Tanchum, a senior fellow at the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy and a non-resident fellow at the Middle East
734:
Turanism was never embraced officially because it was not in accord with the Christian conservative ideological background of the regime, but it was used by the government as an informal tool to break the country's international isolation, and build alliances. Hungary signed treaties of friendship
1967:
Richards Martin, Macaulay Vincent, Hickey Eileen, Vega Emilce, Sykes Bryan, Guida Valentina, Rengo Chiara, Sellitto Daniele, Cruciani Fulvio, Kivisild Toomas, Villerns Richard, Thomas Mark, Rychkov Serge, Rychkov Oksana, Rychkov Yuri, Golge Mukaddes, Dimitrov Dimitar, Hill Emmeline, Bradley Dan,
606:
Castrén was of the opinion that Russia was seeking systematically to prevent all development towards freer conditions in Finland, and concluded from this that the Finns must begin to prepare a revolt against Russia. According to him, it was to be linked with a favourable international crisis and
1855:
According to Adzhi, Huns, Alans, Goths, Burgundians, Saxons, Alemans, Angles, Langobards and many of the Russians were ethnic Turks (p. 161). The list of non-Turks is relatively short and seems to comprise only Jews, Chinese, Armenians, Greeks, Persians, and Scandinavians... Mirfatykh Zakiev, a
718:
Disappointment towards Europe caused by 'the betrayal of the West in Trianon', and the pessimistic feeling of loneliness, led different strata in society towards Turanism. They tried to look for friends, kindred peoples and allies in the East so that Hungary could break out of its isolation and
601:
I am determined to show the Finnish nation that we are not a solitary people from the bog, living in isolation from the world and from universal history, but are in fact related to at least one-sixth of mankind. Writing grammars is not my main goal, but without the grammars that goal cannot be
426:
is used for Indo-European, Turanian is used chiefly as a linguistic term, synonymous with Ural-Altaic. However, the Ural-Altaic theory has been scientifically disproven. Concepts of areal linguistics and typology even if in a genetic sense of these terms might be considered as obsolete.
546:. Diverse though they are in culture, tradition, and even physical appearance, these peoples nevertheless possess certain well-marked traits in common. Their languages are all similar, and, what is of even more import, their physical and mental make-up displays undoubted affinities.
400:
376:, Kalmyk and Mongolian), the family of Finnic languages (Finnish, Saami, Hungarian, Estonian, Liv and Samoyed). Although his theory and grouping were far from perfect, it had a tremendous effect on the development of linguistic research, especially in German speaking countries.
368:, written in 1710, he originates every human language from one common ancestor language. Over time, this ancestor language split into two families: the Japhetic and the Aramaic. The Japhetic family split even further, into Scythian and Celtic branches. The members of the
1824:
Thus, ethnic groups or populations of the past (Huns, Scythians, Sakas, Cimmerians, Parthians, Hittites, Avars and others) who have disappeared long ago, as well as non-Turkic ethnic groups living in present-day Turkey, have come to be labeled Turkish, Proto-Turkish or
1557:"While Turanism was and remained little more than a fringe ideology of the Right, the second orientation of the national socialists, pan-Europaism, had a number of adherents, and was adopted as the platform of several national socialist groups." JANOS, Andrew C.:
643:) was a Romantic nationalist cultural and political movement which was most active from the second half of the 19th century through the first half of the 20th century. It was based on the age old and still living national tradition about the Asian origins of the
620:
than one could expect nowadays? Today people speak of Pan-Slavism; one day they may talk of Pan-Fennicism, or Pan-Suomism. Within such a Pan-Finnic community, the Finnish nation should hold the leading position because of its cultural seniority .
854:
ethnic identity, and was devoted to protecting the Turkic peoples living under foreign rule (most of them under Russian rule as a result of Russia's enormous territorial expansion during the 16th and 19th centuries), and to restoring the
679:. As a scientific movement, Turanism was concerned with the research about Asia and its culture in the context of Hungarian history and culture. Political Turanism was born in the 19th century, in response to the growing influence of
607:
would be realised as a general revolt against Russian rule, in which the non-Russian peoples from the Turks and Tatars to the Finns would take part. This political vision of his was shared by some other intellectuals. Fennomans like
839:(Turkestan). Russia and Britain systematically fanned the rivalling nationalisms of the multi-ethnic empire for their own ends, and this led to the strengthening of Turkish nationalism as a result. The nationalist movement of the
759:
1948, Hungary was converted into a communist one-party state. Turanism was portrayed and vilified as an exclusively fascist ideology although Turanism's role in the interwar development of far-right ideologies was negligible.
1941:
976:
and major civilizations in history as being of Turkic or Turanian origin. In such countries, Turanism has served as a form of national therapy, helping its proponents cope with the failures of the past.
1934:
Paksoy, H.B. (1991). ‘Basmachi’: TurkestanNational Liberation Movement 1916-1930s. In Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union (Vol 4). Florida: Academic International Press.
305:
origins and therefore close cultural, ethnic, and linguistic bonds. Supporters of Turanism propose political unity among these groups, chiefly to oppose the cultural and political influences of the
1628:. Series: Special Reports and Studies, 1917 – 1918. Series: Special Reports and Studies, 1917 – 1918 Record Group 256: Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1914 – 1931. p. 7.
968:. Though the underlying scientific theories are widely questioned or rejected in contemporary scholarship, Turanism still has extensive support in certain Turkic-speaking countries. Referred to as
811:, and for his essays concerning Ottoman politics. The Ottoman Empire fell into ever deepening decline during the 19th century. There were reform and modernization attempts as early as the 1830s (
1570:
Paksoy, H.B., ‘Basmachi’: Turkestan National Liberation Movement 1916-1930s – Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union, Florida: Academic International Press, 1991, Vol. 4
948:
and others) of the Hungarian Turanian Society belonged to the frontline of the scientific life of the era. According to the Turanian or Ural-Altaic kinship theories, "Turanians" include
387:
in Central Asia. The term was widely used in scientific literature from the 18th century onwards to denote Central Asia. European scholars borrowed the term from the historical works of
694:(Hungarian Turan Society, also called Hungarian Asiatic Society). The Turan society concentrated on Turan as geographic location where the ancestors of Hungarians might have lived.
597:, and so on. Based on his research, he championed the ideology of Turanism, the belief in the ethnic unity and the future greatness of the Ural-Altaic peoples. As Castrén put it:
815:), but the country was lowered to an almost semi-colonial state at the turn of the century (the state accumulated an enormous amount of debt and state finances were placed under
461:
opined that Turanism is for Turkic peoples only, as other Turanian peoples (Finns, Hungarians, Mongolians and so on) are too different culturally. In contrast, his contemporary
771:. The fact that many Ottoman Turkish officials were becoming aware of their sense of "Turkishness" is beyond doubt of course, and the role of subsequent nationalists, such as
372:
family were: the Greek language, the family of Sarmato-Slavic languages (Russian, Polish, Czech, Dalmatian, Bulgar, Slovene, Avar), the family of Turkic languages (Turkish,
2041:& Scharlau, Winfried (1965), The merchant of revolution. The life of Alexander Israel Helphand (Parvus). London: Oxford University Press. See especially pages 125–144.
3669:
364:; in his opinion there was no better method for specifying the relationship and origin of the various peoples of the Earth, than the comparison of their languages. In his
3497:
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These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
944:
Turanism has been characterized by pseudoscientific theories. According to other opinions the scientific work of the scholar members (like Jenő Cholnoky, Lajos Ligeti,
1765:
FAJCSÁK Györgyi: Keleti Művészeti Kiállítás. Keleti magángyűjtemények, kínai tárgyak a két világháború között Budapesten. In: Tanulmányok Budapest Múltjából. 34. 2009.
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Although Turanism is a political movement for the union of all Ural-Altaic peoples, there are different opinions about the movement's inclusivity. The early Turanist
5768:
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1940. évi I. törvénycikk a Budapesten, 1938. évi november hó 15. napján kelt magyar-japán barátsági és szellemi együttműködési egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
3586:
1538:
1941. évi XVI. törvénycikk a szellemi együttműködés tárgyában Szófiában az 1941. évi február hó 18. napján kelt magyar-bolgár egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
1356:
SOMMER, Łukasz: Historical Linguistics Applied: Finno-Ugric Narratives in Finland and Estonia. in: The Hungarian Historical Review. Vol. 3. Issue 2. 2014.
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1938. évi XXIII. törvénycikk a szellemi együttműködés tárgyában Budapesten, 1937. évi október hó 13. napján kelt magyar-észt egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
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1500:
1938. évi XXIX. törvénycikk a szellemi együttműködés tárgyában Budapesten, 1937. évi október hó 22. napján kelt magyar-finn egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
690:
The idea of a Hungarian Oriental Institute originated with Jenő Zichy. This idea did not come true. Instead, a kind of lyceum was formed in 1910, called
3449:
415:, the German Orientalist and philologist, published and proposed a new grouping of the non-Aryan and non-Semitic Asian languages in 1855. In his work
1462:
1924. évi XVI. törvénycikk a Török Köztársasággal Konstantinápolyban 1923. évi december hó 18. napján kötött barátsági szerződés becikkelyezéséről.
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337:(e.g. the idea of a "Turanian brotherhood and collaboration" was borrowed from the pan-Slavic concept of "Slavic brotherhood and collaboration").
1639:
1600:
GORECZKY Tamás: Egy görög-török konfliktus története a 19. századból – az 1896-97-es krétai válság az osztrák-magyar diplomáciai iratok tükrében
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671:(the writer of the first Tibetan-English dictionary) traveled to Asia in the strong belief that he could find the kindred of the Magyars in
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Iranian term applied to region lying to the northeast of Iran and ultimately indicating very vaguely the country of the Turkic peoples.
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731:(Hungarian Nippon Society) was founded by private persons in order to strengthen Hungarian-Japanese cultural relations and exchanges.
659:) as early as the 13th century. This tradition served as the starting point for the scientific research about the ethnogenesis of the
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1980:(1917). Report on the Pan-Turanian Movement. London: Intelligence Bureau Department of Information, Admiralty, L/MIL/17/16/23.
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1196:"The languages of the seat of war in the East. With a survey of the three families of language, Semitic, Arian and Turanian"
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1961:
Poulton, H. (1997). Top Hat, Grey Wolf, and Crescent: Turkish Nationalism and the Turkish Republic. London, England: Hurst.
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PORTIK Erzsébet-Edit: Erdélyi magyar kisebbségi sorskérdések a két világháború között. In: Iskolakultúra 2012/9. p. 60-66.
1300:
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The languages of the seat of war in the East. With a survey of the three families of language, Semitic, Arian and Turanian.
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as an advisor and agent. He was paid well for his accounts about his meetings with members of the Ottoman elite and Sultan
6415:
1275:[Turanism – (H. Nihal ATSIZ) – The Great Turkist Nihal ATSIZ Post – Turkism – Turanism and Hüseyin Nihal Atsız].
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search of new friends and allies in a bid to revise the unjust terms of the treaty and restore the integrity of Hungary.
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is fully established historically. As the Turkish historian Hasan Bülent Paksoy put it, an aspiration emerged that the
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Traditional history cites its early origins amongst Ottoman officers and intelligentsia studying and residing in 1870s
242:
Map of Eurasia showing the "Altaic" and Uralic language-speaking regions, which are united under the "Turanian" theory.
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585:), and far from being a small, isolated people, they were part of a larger polity that included such peoples as the
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PAASVIRTA, Juhani: Finland and Europe: The Period of Autonomy and the International Crises, 1808–1914 1981. p. 68.
438:) and far from being a small isolated people, they were part of a larger polity that included such peoples as the
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434:, who championed the ideology. He concluded that the Finns originated in Central Asia (more specifically in the
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1273:"Turancılık – (H. Nihal ATSIZ) – Ulu Türkçü Nihal ATSIZ Otağı – Türkçülük – Turancılık ve Hüseyin Nihal Atsız"
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are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
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A brief summary of the thoughts on the origins of the nations drawn mainly from the information of languages
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M. Antoinette Czaplicka, The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day, Elibron, 2010, p. 19.
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The languages of Asia and Europe arranged according to their grammatical principles in Max Müller's
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BROWN, Keith and OGILVIE, Sarah eds.:Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. 2009. p. 722.
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aimed for a secularized nation-state, and constitutional government in a parliamentary democracy.
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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in Central Asia, to help their struggle against the Soviets. The most prominent amongst them was
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Lewis, B. (1998). The Multiple identities of the Middle East. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
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450:), but also the alliance of a wider Ural-Altaic family believed to include all speakers of the "
412:
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The concept of a Ural-Altaic ethnic and language family goes back to the linguistic theories of
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1085:[The Turkish connections of Hungarian Turanism] (in Hungarian). www.valosagonline.hu
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The movement received impetus after Hungary's defeat in World War I. Under the terms of the
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2035:(1960). Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
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Richards, G. (1997). ‘Race’, Racism and Psychology: Towards a Reflexive History. Routledge.
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Brevis designatio meditationum de originibus gentium ductis potissimum ex indicio linguarum
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Brevis designatio meditationum de originibus gentium ductis potissimum ex indicio linguarum
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to the Americas; examples of Native American peoples whose customs are cited include the
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CSIRKÉS Ferenc: Nemzeti tudomány és nemzetközi politika Vámbéry Ármin munkásságában.
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1997:
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1142:
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397:
was published in 1729 and quickly became an oft-used source for European scholars.
294:
290:
286:
3236:
2136:
1908:
Lewis, B. (1962). The Emergence of Modern Turkey. London: Oxford University Press.
1718:
Great Expectations and Interwar Realities: Hungarian Cultural Diplomacy, 1918–1941
1427:
http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00011/00168/pdf/EPA00011_Iskolakultura_2012-9_060-066.pdf
608:
83:
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4179:
4122:
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4070:
3688:
3657:
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3633:
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3400:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
3082:
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2161:
2151:
2119:
1905:
Landau, J.M. (1995). Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. London: Hurst.
1889:
Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran.
1838:
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The Hemshin: History, Society and Identity in the Highlands of Northeast Turkey
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shared this or an even bolder vision of coming greatness. As Topelius put it:
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2009:
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Caravans to Oblivion: The Armenian Genocide, 1915 (Hardcover) by G. S. Graber
1324:
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1951:
1840:
History as Therapy: Alternative History and Nationalist Imaginings in Russia
1622:
President (1913–1921 : Wilson). The Inquiry. 1917-12/1918 (1917–1918).
349:
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1974:
Searle-White, J. (2001). The Psychology of Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan.
1623:
1390:
1378:
1220:
Letters to Chevalier Bunsen on the classification of the Turanian languages
1129:
Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T.W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R., eds. (1913–1936).
1046:
1021:
836:
784:
578:
491:
383:" is of Iranian origin and is believed to have referred to a prehistorical
318:
302:
1261:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98799/Matthias-Alexander-Castren
406:
Letter to Chevalier Bunsen on the classification of the Turanian languages
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710:
684:
466:
447:
334:
1450:
FARKAS Ildikó: A Magyar-Nippon Társaság. In: Japanológiai körkép. 2007.
430:
Turanism originated in the work of the Finnish nationalist and linguist
6336:
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2017:
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1809:
953:
919:
788:
672:
322:
266:
3311:
2001:
1674:"Turkey's 'Turkic world' ambitions face reality check in Kazakhstan"
1413:
VINCZE Zoltán: Létay Balázs, a magyar asszirológia legszebb reménye
1316:
706:
123:
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3180:
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2488:
2452:
2436:
878:
812:
752:
483:
479:
369:
6265:
1955:
1625:
Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1914 – 1931
6275:
6245:
6195:
6185:
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5843:
5793:
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4721:
3564:
3363:
3343:
3256:
2873:
2868:
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2801:
2670:
2588:
2533:
2513:
2493:
2483:
2448:
1767:
http://epa.oszk.hu/02100/02120/00034/pdf/ORSZ_BPTM_TBM_34_185.pdf
1147:
an Iranian term applied to the country to the north-east of Iran.
1036:
957:
923:
915:
866:
After World War I, Turkish nationalists and Turanists joined the
791:". During the late 19th century, the works of renowned Hungarian
744:
740:
664:
594:
565:
Turanism has its roots in the Finnish nationalist Fennophile and
539:
535:
523:
515:
274:
1895:"Pan-Turanianism Takes Aim at Azerbaijan: A Geopolitical Agenda"
1128:
6145:
6130:
6095:
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3512:
3389:
3348:
3130:
3087:
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2853:
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2632:
2593:
2583:
2548:
1452:
http://real.mtak.hu/34745/1/Farkas_Magyar_Nippon_Tarsasag_u.pdf
820:
736:
647:. This tradition was preserved in medieval chronicles (such as
503:
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373:
310:
270:
6295:
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3358:
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1358:
http://hunghist.org/images/volumes/Volume3_Issue_2/Lukasz.pdf
961:
890:
748:
574:
519:
423:
380:
3399:
3175:
442:, Turks, and Mongols. It implies not only the unity of all
77:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1947:
885:(MHP), whose youth movement is informally known as the
569:, and in the works of Finnish nationalist and linguist
3385:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
1971:
Said, E. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
1439:
China and Christianity. Burdened Past, Hopeful Future.
325:. The movement emerged in the 19th century to counter
2836:
1936:
ESSAYS ON CENTRAL ASIA by H.B. PAKSOY | CARRIE Books
1747:"The Flowering of Pseudo-Science In Orbán's Hungary"
1206:
https://archive.org/details/languagesseatwa00mlgoog
779:might "form a political entity stretching from the
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1591:ERICKSON, Edward J.: Ottomans and Armenians. 2013.
1160:
1540:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8169
1521:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8115
1502:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8084
1483:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8078
1464:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=7599
277:. It revolves around the abandoned proposal of a
6382:
1602:http://real.mtak.hu/19319/1/17-GoretzkyTamas.pdf
1352:
1350:
1403:http://mek.oszk.hu/00300/00355/html/index.html
4503:
3443:
2075:
1415:http://www.muvelodes.ro/index.php/Cikk?id=155
1347:
273:connections between various ethnic groups of
3457:
3418:State with limited international recognition
1875:"Turanism: An Aspect of Turkish Nationalism"
933:
850:, embraced Turanism, and a glorification of
846:The political party of the Young Turks, the
417:The Languages of the Seat of War in the East
1837:Sheiko, Konstantin; Brown, Stephen (2014).
1836:
1638:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1395:
831:empires were antagonists in the so-called "
663:, which began in the 18th century, both in
391:; the annotated English translation of his
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6361:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
6005:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
4510:
4496:
3450:
3436:
2082:
2068:
1158:
877:Turanism forms an important aspect of the
803:and Turanism. Vámbéry was employed by the
340:
1914:
1289:Türkçülüğün Esasları pg.25 (Gökalp, Ziya)
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Pseudoscientific pan-nationalist movement
2365:
1983:
1798:
1792:
1739:
1391:http://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02249/02249.htm
1379:http://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02245/02245.htm
1298:
1076:
1074:
1072:
399:
344:
237:
4118:Ethiopian national identity nationalism
1872:
1777:
1771:
1710:
1708:
1559:The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary
1437:UHALLEY, Stephen and WU, Xiaoxin eds.:
1103:
1083:"A magyar turanizmus török kapcsolatai"
1062:
835:" to cultivate influence in Persia and
6383:
5965:Galician independence movement (Spain)
4517:
4113:Eritrean national identity nationalism
1781:Word formation in the Turkic languages
1581:http://www.matud.iif.hu/2013/08/07.htm
1216:
1080:
465:gave the following description during
6015:Patani United Liberation Organisation
5985:Inner Mongolian independence movement
4491:
3665:Ecuadorian-Peruvian-Bolivian unionism
3431:
2063:
1990:The American Political Science Review
1389:Kézai Simon mester Magyar krónikája.
1069:
893:) was the main symbol of the ancient
6010:National Liberation Front of Corsica
5935:East Turkestan independence movement
4039:Federalisation of the European Union
1714:
1705:
1223:. London: A. & G.A. Spottiswoode
1204:Williams and Norgate, London, 1855.
146:adding citations to reliable sources
117:
59:
18:
1104:Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1710).
874:, the former Ottoman war minister.
13:
1892:
1865:
1830:
1259:EB on Matthias Alexander Castrén.
14:
6457:
4076:Unification of Albania and Kosovo
1723:Central European University Press
1305:American Political Science Review
909:Some Pan-Turanists proposed that
34:This article has multiple issues.
2407:
2091:
1843:. ibidem Press. pp. 61–62.
799:contributed to the spreading of
261:political movement built around
122:
64:
23:
6116:Basque Country (greater region)
5975:Guangdong Independence Movement
3609:Netherlands-Indonesian unionism
3390:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
1759:
1691:
1666:
1658:. Vol. 11. New York City:
1646:
1615:
1606:
1594:
1585:
1573:
1564:
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1532:
1513:
1494:
1475:
1456:
1444:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1383:
1371:
1362:
1292:
1283:
1265:
901:Institute in Washington, said.
848:Committee of Union and Progress
133:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
5920:Assyrian independence movement
3728:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
3599:League of East European States
1253:
1244:
1235:
1217:Müller, Friedrich Max (1854).
1210:
1188:
1152:
1143:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_COM_0206
1122:
1097:
333:, and built upon the ideas of
281:, which hypothesizes that the
1:
6055:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
6050:Tibetan independence movement
5980:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
5940:Faroese independence movement
5925:Catalan independence movement
3948:Anglo-American unificationism
3380:Organization of Turkic States
1984:Stoddard, T. Lothrop (1917).
1954:, retrieved: March 17, 2021 (
1952:Institute of European History
1948:EGO – European History Online
1299:Stoddard, T. Lothrop (1917).
992:Division of the Mongol Empire
889:. Grey Wolf (the mother wolf
859:'s shattered national pride.
6136:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
6045:Taiwan independence movement
6020:Ryukyu independence movement
5930:Champa independence movement
5910:Alsace independence movement
3832:Polish-Czechoslovak unionism
3706:Federation of Arab Republics
3565:Israeli-Palestinian unionism
1699:"Turks and American Indians"
1377:Anonymus: Gesta Hungarorum.
653:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
550:
7:
6000:Mapuche separatist movement
3888:Rhodesia-Nyasaland unionism
3723:Jordania-Palestine unionism
3550:Hungarian-Romanian unionism
3493:Bulgarian-Romanian unionism
1873:Arnakis, George G. (1960).
980:
972:, these scholars stamp all
904:
735:and collaboration with the
279:Ural-Altaic language family
10:
6462:
6416:Far-right politics in Asia
6035:Silesian Autonomy Movement
5915:Assam separatist movements
5070:Northern & Middle Asia
3670:Peruvian-Bolivian unionism
3619:Romanian-moldovan unionism
3545:Greek-Yugoslavian unionism
1401:Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon.
1167:. Brill Academic. p.
1159:van Donzel, Emeri (1994).
937:
883:Nationalist Movement Party
628:
624:
571:Matthias Alexander Castrén
560:
474:widely scattered folk—the
432:Matthias Alexander Castrén
6352:
6304:
6078:
6040:Székely autonomy movement
5902:
5729:
5694:
5649:
5579:
5538:
5520:
5513:
5468:
5425:
5418:
5393:
5357:
5329:
5322:
5249:
5159:
5152:
5117:
5069:
5023:
4938:
4865:
4777:
4770:
4735:
4714:
4673:
4666:
4646:
4625:
4589:
4541:
4534:
4525:
4456:
3923:
3560:Indian-Pakistani Unionism
3528:Fertile Crescent unionism
3518:Estonian-Finnish unionism
3478:Afghan-Pakistani unionism
3465:
3413:
3372:
3336:
3219:
3193:
3106:
3058:
3051:
2972:
2921:
2416:
2405:
2105:
1916:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony
1786:Columbia University Press
1561:, 1825–1945. 1982. p.275.
1279:(in Turkish). 8 May 2016.
934:Pseudoscientific theories
762:
555:
362:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
5970:Greenlandic independence
4391:Senegambia Confederation
4376:Polynesian confederation
3780:Pan-European nationalism
3459:Pan-nationalist concepts
2995:Timeline of the Göktürks
1778:Frankle, Elanor (1948).
352:'s northern division of
4309:United States of Poland
4034:East African Federation
3955:Antillean Confederation
3893:Soviet reunificationism
3629:Union of African States
1940:Pekesen, Berna (2019),
1927:Encyclopædia Britannica
1921:"Pan-Turanianism"
1200:MÜLLER, Friedrich Max.
1081:Farkas, Ildikó (2013).
946:Zoltán Felvinczi Takács
723:among Hungarian people.
341:Origins and definitions
6446:Anti-Chinese sentiment
6411:Anti-Russian sentiment
5995:Māori protest movement
4346:Misak-ı Millî (Turkey)
4054:West Indies Federation
4022:Danubian Confederation
3555:Gran Colombia unionism
2709:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1660:New York Times Company
1163:Islamic Reference Desk
1135:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1027:Racism-Turanism trials
881:of the modern Turkish
817:direct foreign control
805:British Foreign office
729:Magyar-Nippon Társaság
725:
640:
622:
604:
548:
409:
357:
243:
86:by rewriting it in an
6436:Mongolian nationalism
6401:Hungarian nationalism
6025:Scottish independence
5990:Kashubian Association
5712:Indigenous Australian
3898:Switzerland expansion
3842:Saint Martin unionism
3718:Arab Islamic Republic
3533:Gaucho traditionalism
3206:Proto-Turkic language
2837:Extinct Turkic groups
938:Further information:
716:
617:
599:
538:and even the distant
471:
408:, published in 1854.
403:
348:
241:
6441:Japanese nationalism
6421:Separatism in Russia
6231:Marathi Abhimaangeet
6030:Siberian regionalism
4361:Padanian nationalism
4341:Megali Idea (Greece)
4316:North American Union
4061:Franco-British Union
3733:Iraq-Kuwait unionism
3699:United Arab Republic
3405:World Turks Qurultai
1715:Nagy, Zsolt (2017).
1662:. 1920. p. 335.
1063:References and notes
823:). At the time, the
727:On 1 June 1924, the
635:Hungarian Turanism (
413:Friedrich Max Müller
389:Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
142:improve this article
6431:Turkish nationalism
6396:Finnish nationalism
6322:American Indigenous
5955:Free Papua Movement
5365:Balkar and Karachay
5160:Southeastern Europe
4691:Indigenous Canadian
4386:Sahel Confederation
4195:Greater Netherlands
3995:Imperial Federation
3711:Libyan-Syrian Union
3503:Central-americanism
3498:Canada-USA unionism
3146:Karachay-Cherkessia
2033:Zenkovsky, Serge A.
1277:www.nihal-atsiz.com
1032:Sun Language Theory
970:Pseudo-Turkologists
801:Turkish nationalism
745:Republic of Finland
741:Republic of Estonia
669:Sándor Kőrösi Csoma
329:ideologies such as
6367:ethnic nationalism
6070:Welsh independence
5950:Free Aceh Movement
5182:in North Macedonia
5024:South-eastern Asia
4519:Ethnic nationalism
4287:Greater Yugoslavia
4262:Greater Tamil Nadu
4170:Greater Mauritania
4088:Greater Bangladesh
4049:Caribbean Antilles
3938:African federation
3908:Hungarian Turanism
3694:United Arab States
3689:Hashemite unionism
3587:Hispanoamericanism
3337:Traditional sports
3141:Kabardino-Balkaria
2761:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
1752:Hungarian Spectrum
1545:2016-03-04 at the
1526:2016-03-04 at the
1507:2016-03-04 at the
1488:2016-03-04 at the
1469:2017-03-26 at the
1137:(First ed.).
1057:Uralic neopaganism
751:in 1938, and with
743:in 1937, with the
739:in 1923, with the
737:Republic of Turkey
631:Hungarian Turanism
452:Turanian languages
410:
358:
354:Turanian languages
244:
88:encyclopedic style
75:is written like a
6378:
6377:
6121:Catalan Countries
5725:
5724:
5690:
5689:
5645:
5644:
5509:
5508:
5414:
5413:
5148:
5147:
4766:
4765:
4662:
4661:
4485:
4484:
4205:Greater Palestine
4145:Greater Indonesia
4129:Galicia irredenta
4083:Greater Argentina
4007:Catalan Countries
4002:Cascadia movement
3975:Balkan Federation
3775:European unionism
3641:Sahel-Benin Union
3570:Latinoamericanism
3425:
3424:
3201:Old Turkic script
3189:
3188:
3000:Timeline 500–1300
2917:
2916:
2403:
2402:
2262:Kipchak languages
2217:Karamanli Turkish
1755:. 13 August 2018.
868:Basmachi movement
699:Treaty of Trianon
567:Fennoman movement
532:aboriginal tribes
317:, as well as the
236:
235:
228:
218:
217:
210:
192:
116:
115:
108:
57:
6453:
6426:Racism in Turkey
6406:Cultural history
6371:
6256:Republika Srpska
6065:Walloon Movement
5945:Flemish Movement
5518:
5517:
5423:
5422:
5327:
5326:
5157:
5156:
4775:
4774:
4671:
4670:
4539:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4489:
4488:
4472:Hispanic peoples
4438:Whole Azerbaijan
4428:United Macedonia
4223:
4215:Greater Portugal
4098:Greater Bulgaria
4044:Greater Cambodia
4030:
3990:British unionism
3874:
3837:Reintegrationism
3817:Mediterraneanism
3750:Pan-Caucasianism
3678:
3661:
3595:
3578:
3541:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3247:Tibetan Buddhism
3227:Turkic mythology
3108:Autonomous areas
3060:Sovereign states
3056:
3055:
2834:
2833:
2816:
2791:
2688:
2665:
2627:
2578:
2543:
2504:Crimean Karaites
2478:
2455:
2411:
2363:
2362:
2242:Khorasani Turkic
2096:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2029:
1931:
1930:(12th ed.).
1923:
1902:
1886:
1859:
1858:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1800:Simonian, Hovann
1796:
1790:
1789:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1629:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1536:
1530:
1517:
1511:
1498:
1492:
1479:
1473:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1078:
1052:Turkic migration
940:Pseudo-Turkology
911:Native Americans
769:Imperial Germany
661:Hungarian people
657:Chronicon Pictum
649:Gesta Hungarorum
613:Zachris Topelius
528:Baltic provinces
463:Lothrop Stoddard
263:pseudoscientific
249:, also known as
231:
224:
213:
206:
202:
199:
193:
191:
150:
126:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6356:
6348:
6300:
6236:Northern Epirus
6206:Ketuanan Melayu
6074:
5960:Future of Åland
5898:
5834:Native American
5731:Pan-nationalism
5721:
5686:
5650:Northern Europe
5641:
5575:
5534:
5514:Southern Europe
5505:
5464:
5410:
5389:
5353:
5318:
5245:
5144:
5113:
5065:
5019:
4934:
4861:
4762:
4731:
4710:
4701:Native American
4658:
4647:Southern Africa
4642:
4621:
4585:
4527:
4521:
4516:
4486:
4481:
4477:Habesha peoples
4460:
4452:
4277:Greater Vietnam
4272:Greater Ukraine
4247:Greater Somalia
4227:Greater Romania
4217:
4185:Greater Morocco
4180:Greater Moldova
4135:Greater Hungary
4123:Greater Finland
4108:Greater Croatia
4071:Greater Albania
4024:
3925:
3919:
3864:
3827:Pan-Oceanianism
3770:Pan-Europeanism
3672:
3655:
3648:Pan-Americanism
3634:Mali Federation
3589:
3572:
3535:
3508:Czechoslovakism
3461:
3456:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3409:
3368:
3332:
3215:
3185:
3102:
3083:Northern Cyprus
3047:
3033:Altai Mountains
2968:
2913:
2832:
2812:
2757:North Macedonia
2699:
2680:
2637:
2623:
2619:Siberian Tatars
2574:
2559:Khorasani Turks
2539:
2466:
2435:
2412:
2399:
2361:
2282:Ottoman Turkish
2202:Karachay-Balkar
2101:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2058:
2002:10.2307/1944138
1893:Farrok, Kaveh.
1868:
1866:Further reading
1863:
1862:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1820:
1812:. p. 354.
1797:
1793:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1713:
1706:
1701:. 25 June 2008.
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1655:Current History
1652:
1651:
1647:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1547:Wayback Machine
1537:
1533:
1528:Wayback Machine
1518:
1514:
1509:Wayback Machine
1499:
1495:
1490:Wayback Machine
1480:
1476:
1471:Wayback Machine
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1317:10.2307/1944138
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1157:
1153:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1065:
1007:Greater Finland
987:Altaic language
983:
974:Eurasian nomads
942:
936:
922:as well as the
907:
781:Altai Mountains
765:
692:Turáni Társaság
633:
627:
583:Altai Mountains
563:
558:
553:
436:Altai Mountains
343:
327:pan-nationalist
259:pan-nationalist
255:pan-Turanianism
232:
221:
220:
219:
214:
203:
197:
194:
151:
149:
139:
127:
112:
101:
95:
92:
84:help improve it
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6459:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6191:Karakalpakstan
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6171:East Turkestan
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5735:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5469:United Kingdom
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5419:Western Europe
5416:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5358:North Caucasus
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5323:Eastern Europe
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5250:Central Europe
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5231:Romani (Gypsy)
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5163:
5161:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5118:South Caucasus
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5087:South Mongolia
5079:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4492:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4423:United Ireland
4420:
4418:United Armenia
4415:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4242:Greater Serbia
4239:
4234:
4232:Greater Russia
4229:
4224:
4212:
4210:Greater Poland
4207:
4202:
4200:Greater Norway
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Greater Mexico
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:Greater Israel
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:Greater Bosnia
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3985:Basque Country
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3667:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3624:Pan-Africanism
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3604:Neo-Ottomanism
3601:
3596:
3584:
3582:Hellenoturkism
3579:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3483:Austro-Slavism
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3395:Turkic Academy
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3292:Khalwati order
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3272:Bektashi Order
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Karakalpakstan
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3116:Altai Republic
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3017:Nomadic empire
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2785:Western Thrace
2691:
2690:
2689:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Crimean Tatars
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:Siberian Tatar
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2054:978-0192111623
2036:
2030:
1986:"Pan-Turanism"
1981:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1938:
1932:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1890:
1887:
1879:Balkan Studies
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1850:978-3838265650
1849:
1829:
1819:978-0230297326
1818:
1791:
1770:
1758:
1738:
1732:978-9633861943
1731:
1725:. p. 98.
1704:
1690:
1665:
1645:
1614:
1605:
1593:
1584:
1572:
1563:
1550:
1531:
1512:
1493:
1474:
1455:
1443:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1361:
1346:
1301:"Pan-Turanism"
1291:
1282:
1264:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1209:
1187:
1177:
1151:
1121:
1096:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Great Kurultáj
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
982:
979:
935:
932:
906:
903:
895:Turkic peoples
857:Ottoman Empire
809:Abdul Hamid II
777:Turkic peoples
764:
761:
747:in 1937, with
675:, amongst the
629:Main article:
626:
623:
577:originated in
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
480:Constantinople
444:Turkic peoples
422:Like the term
394:Shajare-i Türk
342:
339:
307:Indo-Europeans
297:peoples share
234:
233:
216:
215:
198:September 2022
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6458:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6363:ethnic groups
6360:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6312:Local (China)
6310:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6176:Herzeg-Bosnia
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4956:in Bangladesh
4954:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:Southern Asia
4937:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:South America
4734:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:North America
4672:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4508:
4506:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4406:Triune Russia
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:Russian world
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:Patria Grande
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:Greater Yemen
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4257:Greater Syria
4255:
4253:
4252:Greater Spain
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Greater Samoa
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:Greater Nepal
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4165:Greater Italy
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:Greater India
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Greater China
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:Gran Colombia
4064:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Pan-Mongolism
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:Pan-Indianism
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:Pan-Germanism
3763:
3761:
3760:Pan-Finnicism
3758:
3756:
3755:Pan-Celticism
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Pan-Caribbean
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3419:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:Organizations
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3328:Vattisen Yaly
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Bashkortostan
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3010:Turkification
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2625:Baraba Tatars
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:Common Turkic
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2357:Western Yugur
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
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2015:
2011:
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795:and linguist
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20:
6358:
6357:
6286:Székely Land
6251:Pashtunistan
6101:Balawaristan
5883:
5874:South Slavic
5864:Scandinavian
5394:Volga Region
5008:in Sri Lanka
4866:Eastern Asia
4727:Puerto Rican
4542:North Africa
4526:Nationalisms
4366:Pashtunistan
4321:Latin Africa
4291:
4155:Greater Iraq
4150:Greater Iran
4127:
4012:Celtic union
3980:Baltoscandia
3902:
3862:Pan-Tatarism
3847:Scandinavism
3812:Pan-Latinism
3807:Pan-Islamism
3787:Panhispanism
3740:Pan-Asianism
3653:Pan-Andinism
3307:Qalandariyya
3282:Christianity
3093:Turkmenistan
3031: /
3022:Turco-Mongol
2958:
2461:Azerbaijanis
1996:(1): 12–23.
1993:
1989:
1942:
1925:
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1823:
1804:
1794:
1788:. p. 2.
1780:
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1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
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1227:30 September
1225:. Retrieved
1219:
1212:
1201:
1190:
1182:
1162:
1154:
1146:
1134:
1124:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1022:Pan-Asianism
943:
908:
899:
876:
865:
861:
845:
837:Central Asia
785:Eastern Asia
766:
757:
733:
728:
726:
717:
696:
691:
689:
667:and abroad.
634:
618:
605:
600:
579:Central Asia
564:
492:Central Asia
472:
456:
429:
421:
416:
411:
405:
393:
378:
365:
359:
254:
251:pan-Turanism
250:
246:
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195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
102:
96:January 2024
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
6291:Tamil Eelam
6271:Saraikistan
6151:Hatay State
6106:Balochistan
6060:Wallmapuwen
5754:Bangladeshi
5226:Montenegrin
5130:Azerbaijani
5094:Pan-Turkism
4835:Palestinian
4778:Middle East
4686:Greenlandic
4590:East Africa
4411:Union State
4331:Malay world
4304:Intermarium
4267:Great Timor
4218: [
4025: [
3943:Anglosphere
3924:Territorial
3915:Yugoslavism
3878:Pan-Turkism
3865: [
3857:Pan-Slavism
3852:Pan-Serbism
3802:Pan-Iranism
3792:Pan-Iberism
3684:Pan-Arabism
3673: [
3656: [
3590: [
3573: [
3536: [
3523:Eurasianism
3473:Atlanticism
3297:Malamatiyya
2949:Pan-Turkism
2929:Grey Wolves
2894:Oghuz Turks
2814:Afghanistan
2599:Qarai Turks
2529:Karakalpaks
2297:Sakha/Yakut
2187:Fuyü Gïrgïs
2142:Azerbaijani
1943:Pan-Turkism
1678:Nikkei Asia
1118:(in Latin).
1042:Turan Group
997:Eurasianism
887:Grey Wolves
872:Enver Pasha
841:Young Turks
793:Orientalist
773:Ziya Gökalp
711:Cluj-Napoca
685:Pan-Slavism
467:World War I
459:Ziya Gökalp
448:pan-Turkism
335:pan-Slavism
6385:Categories
6337:Indigenous
6281:Sindhudesh
6261:Santa Cruz
6181:Hutu Power
6111:Bangsamoro
5702:Australian
5677:Lithuanian
5592:Andalusian
5370:Circassian
5334:Belarusian
5282:in Austria
5216:Macedonian
5172:in Albania
5061:Vietnamese
4895:Hongkonger
4888:chauvinist
4569:Pharaonism
4458:Pan-ethnic
4433:Upper Peru
4396:Sinosphere
4336:Maphilindo
4326:Lusosphere
4299:Indosphere
4293:Hispanidad
3965:Arab world
3960:Arab Union
3883:Rattachism
3277:Burkhanism
3242:Aiyy Faith
3161:Nakhchivan
3098:Uzbekistan
3078:Kyrgyzstan
3073:Kazakhstan
3068:Azerbaijan
2939:Burkhanism
2765:Montenegro
2729:Dodecanese
2390:Old Uyghur
2375:Old Turkic
2277:Old Turkic
2212:Karakalpak
1683:12 January
1017:Heimosodat
950:Bulgarians
833:Great Game
703:Bratislava
655:, and the
641:Turanizmus
379:The term "
350:Max Müller
315:South Asia
271:linguistic
267:biological
265:claims of
168:newspapers
157:"Turanism"
39:improve it
6241:Occitania
6226:Manchukuo
6216:Lezgistan
6211:Kurdistan
6156:Hazarajat
6141:Circassia
5903:Movements
5854:Pakistani
5829:Mongolian
5769:Congolese
5682:Norwegian
5672:Icelandic
5637:Valencian
5632:Navarrese
5617:Castilian
5597:Aragonese
5561:Sardinian
5344:Ukrainian
5314:Slovenian
5294:Hungarian
5209:in Cyprus
5189:Aromanian
5177:in Kosovo
5082:Mongolian
4998:Sinhalese
4968:Dravidian
4925:Taiwanese
4873:Cantonese
4850:in Cyprus
4820:Jordanian
4743:Argentine
4715:Caribbean
4706:Québécois
4654:Afrikaner
4356:Occitania
4351:Kurdistan
4017:Cossackia
3933:Abya Yala
3614:One China
3488:Berberism
3323:Zahediyeh
3318:Safaviyya
3267:Bayramiye
3262:Batiniyya
3237:Shamanism
3220:Religions
3211:Turkology
3171:Tatarstan
3156:Khakassia
3126:Chuvashia
3052:Locations
3029:Tian Shan
3005:Migration
2980:Turkestan
2963:Hungarian
2954:Turkesism
2651:Kryashens
2639:Astrakhan
2564:Krymchaks
2524:Karachays
2445:Telengits
2441:Kumandins
2367:Alphabets
2197:Ili Turki
2107:Languages
2026:251097785
2010:0003-0554
1950:, Mainz:
1810:Routledge
1634:cite book
1341:251097785
1325:0003-0554
1311:(1): 16.
954:Estonians
928:Quechuans
920:Melungeon
789:Bosphorus
755:in 1941.
721:racialism
673:Turkestan
637:Hungarian
602:attained.
551:By region
502:of South
488:Turcomans
323:East Asia
45:talk page
6391:Turanism
6201:Katarism
6126:Chameria
6079:Projects
5884:Turanian
5879:Tunisian
5849:Oceanian
5839:Nigerian
5789:Hispanic
5784:Germanic
5774:European
5707:Hawaiian
5657:Estonian
5627:Galician
5612:Canarian
5602:Asturian
5571:Venetian
5566:Sicilian
5556:Padanian
5530:Corsican
5491:Scottish
5385:Ossetian
5304:Silesian
5287:Völkisch
5262:Bavarian
5257:Austrian
5236:Romanian
5221:Moldovan
5199:Croatian
5167:Albanian
5135:Georgian
5125:Armenian
5104:Siberian
5031:Filipino
4946:Assamese
4915:Okinawan
4900:Japanese
4830:Lebanese
4808:Diaspora
4790:Assyrian
4758:Peruvian
4667:Americas
4617:Tigrayan
4564:Egyptian
4448:Zambesia
4401:Tamazgha
3926:concepts
3903:Turanism
3287:Hurufism
3232:Tengrism
3181:Xinjiang
3136:Gagauzia
2985:Mongolia
2959:Turanism
2934:Kemalism
2922:Politics
2884:Kipchaks
2864:Göktürks
2859:Dughlats
2713:Bulgaria
2701:Abkhazia
2676:Turkmens
2659:Nağaybäk
2489:Bashkirs
2453:Tubalars
2437:Chelkans
2431:Altaians
2385:Cyrillic
2287:Pecheneg
2252:Krymchak
2157:Chagatai
2130:Southern
2125:Northern
1918:(1922).
1885:: 19–32.
1825:Turanian
1802:(2007).
1543:Archived
1524:Archived
1505:Archived
1486:Archived
1467:Archived
981:See also
926:and the
905:Americas
879:ideology
813:Tanzimat
753:Bulgaria
581:(in the
526:and the
484:Anatolia
370:Scythian
291:Tungusic
287:Mongolic
247:Turanism
6276:Silesia
6246:Ossetia
6221:Luhansk
6196:Karelia
6186:Ilirida
6166:Donetsk
6091:Assyria
5894:Ugandan
5859:Russian
5804:Iranian
5794:Iberian
5764:Chinese
5739:African
5695:Oceania
5667:Finnish
5662:Faroese
5622:Catalan
5587:Spanish
5551:Lombard
5546:Italian
5486:English
5481:Cornish
5476:British
5460:Walloon
5455:Occitan
5440:Flemish
5430:Arpitan
5401:Chuvash
5349:Yiddish
5339:Russian
5272:Frisian
5241:Serbian
5194:Bosniak
5099:Pashtun
5015:Tripuri
4988:Punjabi
4951:Bengali
4930:Tibetan
4878:Chinese
4845:Turkish
4825:Kurdish
4813:Zionism
4804:Jewish
4795:Iranian
4753:Mapuche
4748:Criollo
4722:Haitian
4681:Chicano
4626:Nigeria
4581:Sahrawi
4468:Latinos
3970:Assyria
3364:Chovgan
3344:Kyz kuu
3257:Alevism
3194:Studies
2990:History
2973:Origins
2904:Türgesh
2874:Khazars
2869:Karluks
2849:Bulgars
2824:(Sakha)
2802:Uyghurs
2781:Tunisia
2769:Romania
2749:Lebanon
2717:Croatia
2705:Algeria
2694:Turkish
2686:Iranian
2671:Tofalar
2643:Chinese
2604:Qashqai
2589:Naimans
2534:Kazakhs
2514:Dolgans
2499:Chuvash
2494:Chulyms
2484:Balkars
2476:Georgia
2472:Armenia
2449:Teleuts
2426:Afshars
2418:Peoples
2395:Persian
2332:Turkmen
2327:Turkish
2292:Qashqai
2247:Kipchak
2167:Chuvash
2147:Bashkir
2018:1944138
1899:Rozaneh
1333:1944138
1198:. 1855.
1131:"Tūrān"
1089:7 March
1037:Tartary
958:Mongols
924:Eskimos
916:Siberia
852:Turkish
829:British
825:Russian
787:to the
677:Uyghurs
665:Hungary
645:Magyars
625:Hungary
595:Mongols
587:Magyars
561:Finland
544:Manchus
540:Mongols
536:Siberia
524:Finland
516:Hungary
512:Magyars
446:(as in
440:Magyars
275:Eurasia
257:, is a
182:scholar
82:Please
6332:German
6317:Racial
6161:Danzig
6146:Crimea
6131:Champa
6096:Azawad
6086:Arakan
5889:Turkic
5869:Slavic
5844:Nordic
5824:Libyan
5814:Korean
5799:Indian
5779:Finnic
5759:Celtic
5607:Basque
5525:Basque
5496:Ulster
5445:French
5435:Breton
5380:Lezgin
5375:Ingush
5309:Slovak
5299:Polish
5277:German
5153:Europe
5109:Uyghur
5077:Baloch
4993:Sindhi
4978:Meitei
4973:Hazara
4920:Ryukyu
4910:Manchu
4905:Korean
4840:Syrian
4696:Lakota
4612:Somali
4602:Amhara
4597:Acholi
4576:Kabyle
4559:Coptic
4554:Berber
4535:Africa
4461:groups
3513:Enosis
3354:Kokpar
3349:Jereed
3312:Rifaʽi
3302:Qadiri
3131:Crimea
3088:Turkey
3038:Otuken
2899:Shatuo
2889:K'o-sa
2854:Cumans
2844:Bulaqs
2828:Yugurs
2822:Yakuts
2807:Uzbeks
2797:Tuvans
2773:Serbia
2745:Kosovo
2741:Israel
2725:Cyprus
2682:Afghan
2655:Mishar
2633:Tatars
2594:Nogais
2584:Kumyks
2569:Kyrgyz
2554:Khalaj
2549:Khakas
2519:Gagauz
2347:Uyghur
2267:Kyrgyz
2237:Khazar
2232:Khalaj
2227:Khakas
2222:Kazakh
2207:Karaim
2192:Gagauz
2182:Dolgan
2162:Chulym
2152:Bulgar
2115:Afshar
2100:topics
2098:Turkic
2052:
2045:
2024:
2016:
2008:
1847:
1816:
1729:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1175:
1114:]
821:Cyprus
763:Turkey
709:, and
707:Košice
556:Europe
530:, the
518:, the
510:, the
504:Russia
500:Tatars
498:, the
496:Persia
486:, the
311:Europe
295:Uralic
293:, and
283:Turkic
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
6342:White
6327:Black
6305:Other
6296:Tibet
6266:Sápmi
5819:Latin
5809:Iraqi
5749:Asian
5717:Māori
5580:Spain
5539:Italy
5501:Welsh
5450:Irish
5406:Tatar
5267:Czech
5204:Greek
5041:Malay
5036:Khmer
5003:Tamil
4800:Iraqi
4638:Ogoni
4443:Turan
4222:]
4029:]
3873:]
3677:]
3660:]
3594:]
3577:]
3540:]
3466:Ideas
3359:Jigit
3252:Islam
3166:Sakha
2944:Jadid
2879:Kimek
2789:Yemen
2777:Syria
2753:Libya
2733:Egypt
2721:Crete
2663:Volga
2647:Lipka
2614:Shors
2609:Salar
2576:China
2541:China
2352:Uzbek
2337:Tuvan
2317:Tatar
2302:Salar
2272:Nogai
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