122:
22:
433:
Majesty Queen
Elizabeth the Second, do hereby pledge ourselves in solemn covenant, throughout this our time of threatened calamity, to stand by one another in defending the Crown, and in using all means which may be found possible and necessary to defeat the present intention to set up a republic in South Africa. And in the event of a republic being forced upon us, we further solemnly and mutually pledge ourselves to refuse to recognise its authority. In sure confidence that God will defend the right, we hereto subscribe our names. GOD SAVE THE QUEEN.
424:
416:
33:
432:
Being convinced in our consciences that a republic would be disastrous to the material well-being of Natal as well as of the whole of South Africa, subversive of our freedom and destructive of our citizenship, we, whose names are underwritten, men and women of Natal, loyal subjects of Her
Gracious
360:
to produce a blue-white glow. The test is very sensitive and can detect tiny traces even in old samples. Crawford's signature is still a rich red colour today which would be unlikely if it had been blood. Nevertheless, some unionists are not convinced by the evidence.
191:
Parliament in
Ireland. And in the event of such a Parliament being forced upon us, we further solemnly and mutually pledge ourselves to refuse to recognise its authority. In sure confidence that God will defend the right, we hereto subscribe our
592:
159:
BEING CONVINCED in our consciences that Home Rule would be disastrous to the material well-being of Ulster as well as of the whole of
Ireland, subversive of our civil and religious
573:
637:
John Tunney, 'The
Marquis, The Reverend, The Grandmaster and The Major: Protestant Politics in Donegal, 1868–1933', in William Nolan, Liam Ronayne and Mairead Dunlevy (editors),
179:, throughout this our time of threatened calamity, to stand by one another in defending, for ourselves and our children, our cherished position of equal citizenship in the
215:, being firmly persuaded that Home Rule would be disastrous to our Country, desire to associate ourselves with the men of Ulster in their uncompromising opposition to the
76:
114:
The
Covenant had two basic parts: the Covenant signed by 237,368 men and the Declaration signed by 234,046 women. Both the Covenant and Declaration are held by the
618:
534:
284:, was one of around 6,000 signatories in County Monaghan, where one quarter of the population was Protestant before the establishment of the
180:
64:
121:
175:, humbly relying on the God whom our fathers in days of stress and trial confidently trusted, do hereby pledge ourselves in solemn
115:
522:
405:
352:
has asserted that he is 90% positive that the signature is not blood. Crawford's signature was injected with a small amount of
766:
220:
731:
602:
472:
393:
The Ulster
Covenant was used as a template for the "Natal Covenant", signed in 1955 by 33,000 British-descended
212:
172:
144:, similar to the Ulster Covenant in opposition to the Home Rule Bill, received two million signatures in 1914.
453:
349:
239:
412:'s City Hall – itself loosely based on Belfast's, so that the Ulster scene was almost exactly reproduced.
370:
344:
was claimed by him to have been written in blood. However, this is disputed. Based on the results of a
80:
791:
786:
694:
84:
781:
382:
108:
219:
now before
Parliament, whereby it is proposed to drive Ulster out of her cherished place in the
21:
184:
47:, was signed by nearly 500,000 people on and before 28 September 1912, in protest against the
721:
493:
401:
398:
341:
265:
176:
92:
48:
171:, we, whose names are underwritten, men of Ulster, loyal subjects of His Gracious Majesty
8:
281:
160:
134:
750:
676:
52:
451:
Hourican, Bridget (2009). "Sinclair, Thomas". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.).
225:
Praying that from this calamity God will save
Ireland, we hereto subscribe our names.
727:
598:
273:
130:
72:
68:
25:
194:
And further, we individually declare that we have not already signed this
Covenant.
345:
285:
141:
755:
623:
269:
261:, rebel Cork, who are now holding the hand of Ulster", to cheers from the crowd.
208:
133:
aimed to recruit 100,000 men aged from 17 to 65 who had signed the Covenant as a
100:
88:
574:"18,000 loyalists expected for 'Ulster Day' march to commemorate UVF formation"
394:
289:
250:
223:, and to place her under the domination and control of a Parliament in Ireland.
216:
168:
104:
775:
348:
test that he carried out in September 2012 at PRONI, Dr. Alastair Ruffell of
246:
183:, and in using all means which may be found necessary to defeat the present
254:
91:. The signatories, 471,414 in all, were all against the establishment of a
118:(PRONI). An online searchable database is available on the PRONI website.
373:" recalled a key historic document signed in 1643, by which the Scottish
357:
258:
164:
288:. Almost 18,000 people signed either the Covenant or the Declaration in
245:
Acknowledging this, Carson paid tribute to "my own fellow citizens from
548:
377:
made a political and military alliance with the leaders of the English
374:
423:
760:
378:
277:
188:
415:
32:
353:
111:
voted in favour of a resolution pledging itself to the Covenant.
594:
Redmond, A Life Undone: The Definitive Biography of John Redmond
642:
409:
235:
96:
518:
468:
238:, although the signing was also attended by several thousand
207:
We, whose names are underwritten, women of Ulster, and loyal
723:
An Irish Empire?: Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire
619:"My grandfather signed the Ulster Covenant, Minister says"
234:
The majority of the signatories of the Covenant were from
147:
September 28 is today known as "Ulster Day" to unionists.
67:, a prominent unionist and businessman from Belfast.
535:"The 1912 Ulster Covenant by Joseph E.A. Connell Jr"
125:
The Covenant on a mural in Thorndyke Street, Belfast
695:"Fred Crawford 'blood signature' legend challenged"
726:. Manchester University Press. pp. 199–201.
773:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
553:South Belfast Friends of the Somme Association
276:, the Minister for the Arts, Heritage and the
198:
364:
356:; this substance reacts with iron in blood's
71:was the first person to sign the Covenant at
648:
335:
264:Robert James Stewart, a Presbyterian from
150:
99:. The Ulster Covenant is immortalised in
457:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
450:
422:
414:
120:
116:Public Record Office of Northern Ireland
31:
20:
719:
713:
580:– via www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk.
774:
590:
512:
295:
28:signing the Solemn League and Covenant
16:1912 petition opposing Irish Home Rule
756:Friends of the Somme – Ulster Loyalty
461:
41:Ulster's Solemn League and Covenant
13:
681:Public Records of Northern Ireland
641:, p. 688. Geography Publications,
444:
221:Constitution of the United Kingdom
63:The Covenant was first drafted by
14:
803:
744:
473:"The Ulster Covenant: Ulster Day"
467:
388:
763:by Rudyard Kipling on Wikisource
687:
631:
229:
167:, and perilous to the unity of
77:The 6th Marquess of Londonderry
75:with a silver pen, followed by
677:"PRONI Ulster Covenant Search"
611:
584:
566:
541:
527:
498:Government of Northern Ireland
486:
406:declaring the Union a republic
1:
751:BBC History – Ulster Covenant
454:Dictionary of Irish Biography
437:
107:". On 23 September 1912, the
639:Donegal: History and Society
7:
523:Historical Topics Series: 5
10:
808:
404:government's intention of
371:Solemn League and Covenant
365:Solemn League and Covenant
350:Queen's University Belfast
83:), representatives of the
81:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
58:
272:, and the grandfather of
645:, 1995 (reprinted 2002).
597:. Gill & Macmillan.
549:"Ulster Volunteer Force"
43:, commonly known as the
720:Jeffery, Keith (1996).
383:First English Civil War
342:Frederick Hugh Crawford
336:Signed-in-blood dispute
109:Ulster Unionist Council
591:Dooley, Chris (2015).
435:
428:
420:
227:
196:
126:
87:churches, and then by
37:
29:
494:"The Ulster Covenant"
430:
426:
418:
205:
163:, destructive of our
157:
129:In January 1913, the
124:
35:
24:
49:Third Home Rule Bill
701:. 27 September 2012
408:. It was signed in
296:By county signed in
282:Republic of Ireland
627:. 21 January 2016.
429:
421:
240:southern unionists
127:
55:in the same year.
53:British Government
51:introduced by the
38:
30:
427:Belfast City Hall
340:The signature of
274:Heather Humphreys
131:Ulster Volunteers
73:Belfast City Hall
69:Sir Edward Carson
26:Sir Edward Carson
799:
738:
737:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
699:BBC News Website
691:
685:
684:
673:
646:
635:
629:
628:
615:
609:
608:
588:
582:
581:
578:Belfasttelegraph
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
545:
539:
538:
531:
525:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
490:
484:
483:
481:
479:
465:
459:
458:
448:
419:Durban City Hall
379:Parliamentarians
331:Not recorded: 84
286:Irish Free State
211:of our gracious
142:British Covenant
807:
806:
802:
801:
800:
798:
797:
796:
792:Ulster unionism
787:1912 in Ireland
772:
771:
767:Ulster Covenant
747:
742:
741:
734:
718:
714:
704:
702:
693:
692:
688:
675:
674:
649:
636:
632:
624:The Irish Times
617:
616:
612:
605:
589:
585:
572:
571:
567:
557:
555:
547:
546:
542:
537:. 6 March 2013.
533:
532:
528:
517:
513:
503:
501:
500:. December 2015
492:
491:
487:
477:
475:
466:
462:
449:
445:
440:
391:
367:
338:
298:
270:County Monaghan
232:
224:
204:
200:The Declaration
193:
156:
101:Rudyard Kipling
89:Sir James Craig
65:Thomas Sinclair
61:
45:Ulster Covenant
36:Ulster Covenant
17:
12:
11:
5:
805:
795:
794:
789:
784:
782:1912 documents
770:
769:
764:
758:
753:
746:
745:External links
743:
740:
739:
732:
712:
686:
647:
630:
610:
603:
583:
565:
540:
526:
511:
485:
460:
442:
441:
439:
436:
390:
389:Natal Covenant
387:
366:
363:
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
297:
294:
290:County Donegal
231:
228:
217:Home Rule Bill
203:
197:
181:United Kingdom
173:King George V.
155:
149:
95:parliament in
60:
57:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
804:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
768:
765:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
735:
733:9780719038730
729:
725:
724:
716:
700:
696:
690:
682:
678:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
644:
640:
634:
626:
625:
620:
614:
606:
604:9780717165803
600:
596:
595:
587:
579:
575:
569:
554:
550:
544:
536:
530:
524:
520:
515:
499:
495:
489:
474:
470:
464:
456:
455:
447:
443:
434:
425:
417:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:South African
400:
396:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
362:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
304:Waterford: 56
303:
300:
299:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
201:
195:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
153:
148:
145:
143:
138:
136:
132:
123:
119:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
27:
23:
19:
722:
715:
705:29 September
703:. Retrieved
698:
689:
680:
638:
633:
622:
613:
593:
586:
577:
568:
558:29 September
556:. Retrieved
552:
543:
529:
514:
504:28 September
502:. Retrieved
497:
488:
478:29 September
476:. Retrieved
463:
452:
446:
431:
397:against the
392:
368:
339:
263:
257:, yes, from
244:
233:
230:Demographics
206:
199:
187:to set up a
158:
152:The Covenant
151:
146:
139:
128:
113:
79:(the former
62:
44:
40:
39:
18:
761:Ulster 1912
399:nationalist
381:during the
375:Covenanters
358:haemoglobin
328:Wicklow: 31
322:Kilkenny: 3
319:Leitrim: 33
310:Limerick: 1
301:Dublin: 768
202:(for women)
165:citizenship
105:Ulster 1912
776:Categories
438:References
369:The term "
325:Kildare: 2
185:conspiracy
169:the Empire
85:Protestant
395:Natalians
316:Louth: 43
307:Meath: 13
278:Gaeltacht
189:Home Rule
154:(for men)
137:militia.
103:'s poem "
93:Home Rule
346:forensic
209:subjects
177:Covenant
135:unionist
354:luminol
313:Mayo: 1
280:in the
253:, from
251:Wicklow
249:, from
161:freedom
59:Signing
730:
643:Dublin
601:
410:Durban
247:Dublin
236:Ulster
192:names.
97:Dublin
519:PRONI
469:PRONI
255:Clare
728:ISBN
707:2012
599:ISBN
560:2012
506:2020
480:2012
266:Drum
259:Cork
213:King
778::
697:.
679:.
650:^
621:.
576:.
551:.
521:–
496:.
471:.
385:.
292:.
268:,
242:.
140:A
736:.
709:.
683:.
607:.
562:.
508:.
482:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
