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831:, thus perpetuating southern backwardness and poverty as both the Mafia and the Camorra were opposed to any sort of social reform that might threaten their power. However, the king preferred heavy military spending rather than engaging in social reforms and every year, the Italian state spent 10 times more money on the military than on education. Umberto, an aggressive proponent of militarism, once said that to accept cuts in the military budget would be "an abject scandal and we might as well give up politics altogether". At least part of the reason why Umberto was so opposed to cutting the military budget was because he personally promised Emperor Wilhelm II that Italy would send five army corps to Germany in the event of a war with France, a promise that the king did not see fit to share with his prime ministers.
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503:. As Crown Prince, Umberto was distrusted by his father, who gave him no training in politics or constitutional government. Umberto was brought up with no affection or love. Instead, Umberto was taught to be obedient and loyal; he had to stand at attention whenever his father entered the room. When speaking to his father, Umberto had to get down on his knees to kiss his father's hand first. The fact that Umberto had to kiss his father's hand before being allowed to speak to him (both in public and in private) right up to his father's death contributed much to the tension between the two.
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587:. While Umberto was to be described by a modern historian as "a colourless and physically unimpressive man, of limited intellect", Margherita's appearance, cultural interests and strong personality were to enhance the popularity of the monarchy. Umberto kept many mistresses on the side, and his favourite mistress, Eugenia, the wife of Duke Litta Visconti-Arese, lived with him at his court as his
635:, visited Rome, he reported to London that King Victor Emmanuel II and Crown Prince Umberto were "at war with each other". Upon taking the Crown, Umberto dismissed all of his father's friends from the court, sold off his father's racing horse collection (which numbered 1,000 horses) and cut down on extravagances to pay down the debts Victor Emmanuel II had run up. The British historian
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1118:, who ordered rifle-fire and artillery against the demonstrators. As a result, 82 people were killed according to the authorities, with opposition sources claiming that the death toll was 400 dead with 2,000 wounded. King Umberto sent a telegram to congratulate Bava Beccaris on the restoration of order and later decorated him with the medal of
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manner, preferring to pass legislation by having the king issue royal decrees as opposed to getting bills passed by
Parliament. On 25 June 1895 Crispi refused to allow a parliamentary inquiry into the bank scandal, saying that as a prime minister, he was above the law because he had "served Italy for
1001:
and his fellow cabinet ministers stated that
Canevaro had acted without informing them, and it was widely believed that the king was the one who had given Canevaro the orders to acquire a concession in China. After the Chinese government refused, Canevaro threatened war, but was forced to back down.
545:
of Spain and France) in 1859–60, only a minority of royal families in the 1860s were willing to establish relations with the newly founded
Italian royal family. It proved difficult to find any royal bride for either of the sons of king Victor Emmanuel II (his younger son Amedeo, Umberto's brother,
970:
on the grounds that
Eritrea was too expensive to hold onto, but was overruled by the king who insisted that Eritrea must stay Italian. Rudinì attempted to reduce military spending, citing a study showing that since 1861 military spending constituted over half the budget every year, but was again
911:
Umberto openly called
Parliament a "bad joke" and refused to allow Parliament to meet again lest Crispi faced difficult questions about the Banca Romana scandal. Crispi only avoided indictment because of his parliamentary immunity. When the king was warned that it was dangerous for the crown to
642:
Like his father, Umberto was a poorly educated man without intellectual or artistic interests, never read any books, and preferred to dictate rather than write letters. He found writing to be too mentally taxing. He was said to have been raised with no real plan and was even uncomfortable when
369:. He assumed the Italian throne in 1878 on the death of his father. A strong militarist, Umberto approved the alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was formalised in 1882. He also encouraged Italy's colonial efforts and oversaw the incorporation of
912:
support someone like Crispi, Umberto replied that "Crispi is a pig, but a necessary pig", who despite his corruption, had to stay in power for "the national interest, which is the only thing that matters". With the support of the king, Crispi governed in an
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on 1 March 1896. After the Battle of Adwa, public frustration with the deeply unpopular war with
Ethiopia came to the fore, and demonstrations broke out in Rome with people shouting "death to the king!" and "long live the republic!".
756:. Many in Italy, however, viewed with hostility an alliance with their former Austrian enemies, who were still occupying areas claimed by Italy. The Alliance was later renewed with the addition of commercial treaties. A strong
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who in May 1895 spoke of "the absolute impossibility of continuing to govern through
Parliament." In December 1893, Umberto appointed Crispi prime minister despite his "shattered reputation" due to his involvement in the
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for life, which was served in a cell only 1.4 meters (4 ft 7 in) high, without sanitation and with 18 kilograms (40 lb) of chains. Passannante would die three decades later in a psychiatric institution.
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together with numerous other scandals that the king himself called "sordid". As Crispi was heavily in debt, the king secretly agreed to pay off his debts in exchange for Crispi following the king's advice.
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in the 1880s as well. Umberto's preferred solution to the problems of Italy was to conquer
Ethiopia, regardless of overwhelming public opposition. He supported the ultra-imperialist Prime Minister
700:, during a parade in Naples on 17 November 1878. The King warded off the blow with his sabre, but Cairoli, in attempting to defend him, was severely wounded in the thigh. The would-be assassin was
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Ascending the throne on the death of his father (9 January 1878), Umberto adopted the title "Umberto I of Italy" rather than "Umberto IV" (of Savoy), ignoring his three ancestral namesakes,
647:
described
Umberto as having his father's "gruff, abrupt manner of speaking", but without his "rough speech and manners". In contrast, Queen Margherita was widely read in all the classics of
807:. Both the Mafia and the Camorra functioned as "parallel states" whose existence and power was tolerated by successive governments in Rome as both the Mafia and the Camorra engaged in
575:, a scion of a remote sideline of the Austrian imperial house; however, she died as the result of an accident at the age of 18. On 21 April 1868, Umberto married his first cousin,
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Domestically, Umberto faced increasing social unrest and serious economic difficulties. Tensions mounted as a result of public opposition to Italy's colonial wars, the spread of
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commented that it was a sign of the great wealth of the House of Savoy that
Umberto was able to pay off his father's debts without having to ask parliament for assistance.
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without the support of organized crime, politicians cut deals with the bosses of the Camorra and Mafia to exchange toleration of their criminal activities for votes. The
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towards Ethiopia, saying: "I am what they call a warmonger and my personal wish would be to strike back at Menelik and avenge our defeat." In 1897, the prime minister,
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was uncompromising. In an 1886 telegram, he declared Rome "untouchable" and affirmed the permanence of the Italian possession of the "Eternal City".
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was the most backward region of Italy with high levels of poverty, emigration and an illiteracy rate estimated as high as 70%. The deputies from the
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of intellectuals. Although French was her first language, Margherita was often praised for her beautiful Italian in her letters and when speaking.
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550:). Their conflict with the papacy did not help these matters. Not many eligible Catholic royal brides were easily available for young Umberto.
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in Rome, by the side of his father Victor Emmanuel II, on 9 August 1900. He was the last Savoy to be buried there, as his son and successor
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During the colonial wars in Africa, large demonstrations over the rising price of bread were held in Italy and on 7 May 1898, the city of
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so effective that it was Mafia and Camorra bosses who decided who won elections. As it was impossible to win elections in the
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by shooting him four times. Bresci claimed he wanted to avenge the people killed in Milan during the suppression of the
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A major criticism of the policies carried out by the Prime Ministers appointed by Umberto was the continued power of
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760:, Umberto loved Prussian-German militarism. On his visits to Germany, his favourite activity was to review the
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caused to a number of other royal houses (all the Italian ones, and those related closely to them, such as the
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and he was greatly honoured to be allowed to lead a Prussian hussar regiment on field manoeuvres outside of
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The reign of Umberto I was a time of social upheaval, though it was later claimed to have been a tranquil
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from 9 January 1878 until his assassination in 1900. His reign saw Italy's expansion into the
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692:. While on a tour of the kingdom, accompanied by Queen Margherita and the Prime Minister
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2473:"Humbert, Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio, King of Italy"
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Salvatore Merlino, «L'Italia così com'è», 1891 in "Al caffè", by Errico Malatesta, 1922
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Bombs, Bullets and Bread: The Politics of Anarchist Terrorism Worldwide, 1866–1926
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680:. He consented that the remains of his father should be interred at Rome in the
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Royal Heirs: Succession and the Future of Monarchy in Nineteenth-Century Europe
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1092:. On 22 April 1897, Umberto I was attacked again, by an unemployed ironsmith,
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2486:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 872–873.
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to the point that he could abolish parliament and rule Italy as a dictator.
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In 1900, two years after the Bava Beccaris massacre, Umberto was killed in
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Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoia
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Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
2684:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 23–24.
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Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di
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claimed that the assassination of Umberto I was his inspiration to
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53 years". Umberto I was suspected of aspiring to a vast empire in
804:
3473:"Caballeros Grandes Cruces Real y Militar Orden de San Fernando".
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427:. Before his killing, he was also one of the recipients of one of
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External link: Genealogy of recent members of the House of Savoy
3341:. Official website of the Royal Family of Hawaii. Archived from
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writing his signature in front of onlookers. After meeting him,
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1021:, signed after Umberto's death, the Kingdom of Italy gained a
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The Italian Royal Family during a royal state visit of Kaiser
3183:"Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or – Knights of the Golden Fleece"
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3324:(1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 31
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Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
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Umberto was also favourably disposed towards the policy of
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2645:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 123.
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Famous Assassinations in World History : An Encyclopedia
1002:
He settled for breaking diplomatic relations with China.
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told him during one visit that he should strengthen the
3299:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 466.
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In the summer of 1900, Italian forces were part of the
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Accession to the throne and first assassination attempt
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Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
4618:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
1273:
Commemorative Medal of Campaigns of Independence Wars
591:. He forced Queen Margherita to accept Eugenia as a
522:(1859), Umberto, who was only 14, was present at the
2542:. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 589.
958:
Despite the defeat at Adwa, Umberto still harboured
3543:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg
3230:
3169:
Il sito ufficiale della Presidenza della Repubblica
3094:"The Cook, the Blacksmith, the King and the Weaver"
3069:
The Force of Destiny. A History of Italy Since 1796
2565:
The Force of Destiny. A History of Italy Since 1796
989:hand over a coastal city to be ruled as an Italian
886:expansion inaugurated in 1885 by the occupation of
3066:
2562:
1778:Grand Cross of the Military Order of St. Ferdinand
626:Umberto I depicted on a 100 lira gold coin (1891)
4663:Grand masters of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
4603:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
696:, he was attacked with a dagger by an anarchist,
506:From March 1858, he had a military career in the
4678:People of the Second Italian War of Independence
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3225:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
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2509:
1811:
30:"Umberto I" redirects here. For other uses, see
4688:Italian people of the First Italo-Ethiopian War
4683:People of the Third Italian War of Independence
4623:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
4519:*member of a cadet branch of the House of Savoy
3292:
971:blocked by the king. In 1899, Foreign Minister
3431:Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1873
3392:The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite
3387:Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913
3261:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern
3913:
3724:
3643:
1076:plans of the various governments, especially
631:In 1876, when the British Foreign Secretary,
577:Margherita Teresa Giovanna, Princess of Savoy
64:
2979:. Yale University Press. pp. 134–135.
2765:. Yale University Press. pp. 164–165.
1896:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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3906:
3731:
3717:
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3636:
3448:"Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III".
3227:(1873), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 60, 74
827:always voted against more schools for the
736:In foreign policy, Umberto I approved the
47:
4211:Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan
3420:(1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
3057:BBC History Magazine, October 2013, p. 91
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
1916:Learn how and when to remove this message
1278:Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy
1233:Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1099:
876:Maria Letizia Bonaparte, Duchess of Aosta
3394:] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin:
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1122:, greatly outraging a large part of the
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546:married a Piedmontese subject, princess
448:
441:architecture style was named after him.
4613:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
4124:Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano
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3383:
3373:(in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 143.
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1826:Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter
1751:
1114:was put under military rule by General
14:
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4252:Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano
4227:Vittorio Amedeo Teodoro, Duke of Aosta
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3127:(in Italian). Eredi Botta. p. 116
3037:. Yale University Press. p. 135.
3007:. Yale University Press. p. 129.
2954:. Yale University Press. p. 122.
2929:. Yale University Press. p. 116.
2904:. Yale University Press. p. 106.
2876:. Yale University Press. p. 115.
2818:. Yale University Press. p. 101.
2793:. Yale University Press. p. 165.
2737:. Yale University Press. p. 164.
2712:. Yale University Press. p. 109.
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1942:
1186:until his remains were transferred to
1120:Great Official of Savoy Military Order
1009:which participated in suppressing the
4608:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
4303:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano
4278:Amadeus Alexander, Duke of Montferrat
4165:Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano
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3712:
3631:
2846:. Yale University Press. p. 99.
2620:. Yale University Press. p. 60.
2595:. Yale University Press. p. 72.
2514:. Yale University Press. p. 71.
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1957:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano
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985:with an ultimatum demanding that the
848:Isabella of Bavaria, Duchess of Genoa
497:Massimo Taparelli, Marquess d'Azeglio
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2103:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
2077:Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
1894:adding citations to reliable sources
1861:
1847:Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown
1321:Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen
1084:. The protesters included the young
964:Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì
940:'s victory over the Italians at the
330:; 14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was
4480:Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
4088:Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano
3864:Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
3515:
3139:
2135:Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily
1096:, who tried to stab him near Rome.
1080:'s, and the numerous crackdowns on
860:Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont
24:
4628:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
4191:Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont
4119:Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
3396:Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn
2378:Princess Maria Christina of Saxony
2015:Princess Maria Christina of Saxony
1743:Order of the Royal House of Chakri
1611:Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword
721:The royal family of King Umberto I
520:Second War of Italian Independence
25:
4699:
4638:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
4405:Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi
4399:Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin
4393:Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta
4201:Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano
4129:Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons
4078:Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Nemours
4052:Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
4036:Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
3553:
2668:
2528:
1356:Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion
1149:Tomb of Umberto I at the Pantheon
712:
528:Third War of Italian Independence
338:, as well as the creation of the
4643:Italian people of Polish descent
4196:Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
4139:Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours
3546:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
1866:
1835:
1813:
1792:
1785:
1753:
1732:
1711:
1690:
1664:
1622:
1587:
1567:
1546:
1537:Grand Cross of the Mexican Eagle
1526:
1505:
1484:
1464:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1409:
1388:
1367:
1332:
1298:
1291:
1182:died in exile and was buried in
1153:On the evening of 29 July 1900,
1129:
995:Western imperial powers in China
613:
491:, which was then capital of the
306:
4273:Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
4170:Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons
4114:Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy
4073:Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy
3535:
3503:(in Swedish), 1877, p. 368
3491:
3466:
3441:
3423:
3402:
3377:
3357:
3335:"The Royal Order of Kamehameha"
3327:
3313:
3286:
3269:
3254:
3218:
3200:
3174:
3114:
3085:
3060:
3051:
2968:
2943:
2918:
2807:
2726:
2283:Archduchess Adelaide of Austria
1932:Ancestors of Umberto I of Italy
1702:Grand Cross of the White Falcon
1203:kill President William McKinley
1072:ideas, public hostility to the
1032:Umberto's attitude towards the
573:Archduchess Mathilde of Austria
571:At first, Umberto was to marry
485:Archduchess Adelaide of Austria
423:. He was succeeded by his son,
220:
27:King of Italy from 1878 to 1900
4673:Children of Victor Emmanuel II
4578:19th-century murdered monarchs
4573:19th-century kings of Sardinia
4257:Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons
4242:Carlo Francesco, Duke of Aosta
4232:Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
3263:(1873), "Königliche Orden" p.
2659:
2634:
2609:
2556:
2199:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
1683:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
1048:Umberto I in his later years,
878:, and Umberto II, October 1888
419:by Italian-American anarchist
13:
1:
4668:Burials at the Pantheon, Rome
4283:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
4206:Eugenio, Count of Villafranca
4160:Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
3279:Almanach royal officiel: 1869
2641:Müller, Frank Lorenz (2023).
2470:Steed, Henry Wickham (1911).
2427:
2257:Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain
1246:Gold Medal of Military Valour
1049:
872:Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa
770:Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany
562:
510:, beginning with the rank of
470:
77:9 January 1878 – 29 July 1900
53:Portrait of Umberto I in 1882
4388:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
4319:Charles Albert I of Sardinia
4288:Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat
3964:Philip I, Prince of Piedmont
3207:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
1653:Grand Cross of the Red Eagle
993:in the same manner as other
951:Umberto's coat of arms as a
856:Princess Elisabeth of Saxony
852:Prince Amadeo, Duke of Aosta
537:Because of the upheaval the
516:Italian Wars of Independence
493:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
363:Italian Wars of Independence
7:
4648:Claimant kings of Jerusalem
4568:19th-century kings of Italy
4335:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
4293:Charles Felix I of Sardinia
4247:Benedetto, Duke of Chablais
4021:Philibert II, Duke of Savoy
3887: †
3171:. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
3165:"Umberto Ranieri di Savoia"
3071:. Allen Lane. p. 349.
3067:Christopher Duggan (2007).
2567:. Allen Lane. p. 307.
2563:Christopher Duggan (2007).
2346:Princess Elisabeth of Savoy
2041:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
1857:
1311:Knight of the Golden Fleece
1262:Order of the Crown of Italy
1066:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
514:. Umberto took part in the
392:. He was deeply loathed in
361:, Umberto took part in the
10:
4704:
4658:Kings of Italy (1861–1946)
4653:Deaths by firearm in Italy
4429:Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo
4366:Oddone, Duke of Montferrat
4026:Charles III, Duke of Savoy
4011:Philibert I, Duke of Savoy
3433:. Heinrich. 1873. p.
2292:
2225:Archduke Rainer of Austria
2176:
2050:
1983:Charles Albert of Sardinia
1944:
1517:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1455:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
1283:
1220:Knight of the Annunciation
1213:
1208:
1174:Umberto was buried in the
1103:
1039:
501:Pasquale Stanislao Mancini
29:
4516:
4502:Prince Emanuele Filiberto
4494:
4472:
4444:
4417:Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa
4380:
4348:
4327:
4311:
4265:
4237:Prince Emanuele Filiberto
4219:
4183:
4152:
4144:Henri II, Duke of Nemours
4106:
4065:
4044:
4003:
3980:Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy
3972:
3951:
3935:
3881:
3856:
3746:
3666:
3616:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3567:
3100:. McFarland. p. 62.
3033:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
3003:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2975:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2950:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2925:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2900:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2872:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2842:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2814:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2789:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2761:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2733:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2708:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2616:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2591:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2510:Denis Mack Smith (1989).
2363:
2355:
2327:
2304:
2300:
2264:
2242:
2234:
2206:
2184:
2180:
2142:
2120:
2112:
2084:
2062:
2058:
2022:
2000:
1992:
1964:
1948:
1644:Knight of the Black Eagle
973:Felice Napoleone Canevaro
966:tried to sell Eritrea to
729:Wearing the robes of the
388:ideas, and crackdowns on
302:
292:
282:
272:
260:
251:
246:
242:
230:
205:
193:
173:
157:
153:
102:
92:
82:
72:
58:
46:
41:
4423:Filiberto, Duke of Genoa
4411:Umberto, Count of Salemi
4340:Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa
4134:Louis I, Duke of Nemours
4098:Prince Emmanuel Filibert
4057:Jacques, Duke of Nemours
4016:Charles I, Duke of Savoy
3995:Jacques, Count of Romont
3990:Philip II, Duke of Savoy
3511:– via runeberg.org
3415:6 September 2020 at the
3384:Lehmann, Gustaf (1913).
3293:Jørgen Pedersen (2009).
3212:22 December 2010 at the
3121:Cibrario, Luigi (1869).
2682:The Libyan War 1911–1912
2538:Newton, Michael (2014).
1602:Sash of the Three Orders
1163:assassinated Umberto in
684:, rather than the royal
658:
444:
4298:Giuseppe, Count of Asti
4031:Philip, Duke of Nemours
3889:dispute over succession
2680:Ungari, Andrea (2013).
2483:Encyclopædia Britannica
1723:Knight of the Rue Crown
1347:House Order of Fidelity
1256:Military Order of Savoy
1088:, then a member of the
960:imperialistic ambitions
868:Prince Henry of Prussia
400:and his support of the
4435:Eugenio, Duke of Genoa
4371:Tommaso, Duke of Genoa
4083:Henri, Duke of Nemours
3985:Louis, Count of Geneva
3885:denotes titular Prince
3523:The Knights of England
3500:Sveriges statskalender
3476:Guía Oficial de España
3451:Guía Oficial de España
3092:Kemp, Michael (2018).
3035:Italy and Its Monarchy
3005:Italy and Its Monarchy
2977:Italy and Its Monarchy
2952:Italy and Its Monarchy
2927:Italy and Its Monarchy
2902:Italy and Its Monarchy
2874:Italy and Its Monarchy
2844:Italy and Its Monarchy
2816:Italy and Its Monarchy
2791:Italy and Its Monarchy
2763:Italy and Its Monarchy
2735:Italy and Its Monarchy
2710:Italy and Its Monarchy
2618:Italy and Its Monarchy
2593:Italy and Its Monarchy
2512:Italy and Its Monarchy
1803:Knight of the Seraphim
1576:: Grand Cordon of the
1515:: Grand Cordon of the
1421:Knight of the Elephant
1398:: Grand Cordon of the
1150:
1142:
1116:Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris
1106:Bava Beccaris massacre
1100:Bava Beccaris massacre
1055:
955:
944:
894:. Italy expanded into
879:
846:, from left to right,
748:, repeatedly visiting
733:
722:
606:
568:
487:, Umberto was born in
476:
457:, from left to right,
402:Bava Beccaris massacre
365:as a commander of the
324:
4563:1900 murders in Italy
4529:Prince of Savoy-Aosta
4524:Prince of Savoy-Genoa
4485:Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
4463:Aimone, Duke of Aosta
4457:Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
3661:between 1861 and 1946
1558:Order of the Medjidie
1496:Order of Kamehameha I
1494:: Grand Cross of the
1473:: Grand Cross of the
1453:: Grand Cross of the
1148:
1141:, killer of Umberto I
1137:
1047:
1007:Eight-Nation Alliance
950:
936:
837:
728:
720:
601:
579:. Their only son was
556:
452:
3959:Louis, Duke of Savoy
3813:Charles Emmanuel III
3521:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
3187:La Confrérie Amicale
1890:improve this section
1769:Order of Charles III
1698:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1678:Knight of St. Andrew
1379:Knight of St. Hubert
1268:Civil Order of Savoy
1266:Grand Master of the
1260:Grand Master of the
1254:Grand Master of the
1023:concession territory
953:knight of the garter
905:Banca Romana scandal
698:Giovanni Passannante
548:Vittoria of Cisterna
508:Royal Sardinian Army
367:Royal Sardinian Army
4583:Nobility from Turin
4452:Umberto II of Italy
3837:Victor Emmanuel III
3821:Charles Emmanuel IV
3740:Princes of Piedmont
3687:Victor Emmanuel III
3620:Victor Emmanuel III
3569:Umberto I of Italy
3479:. 1887. p. 387
3454:. 1887. p. 156
3345:on 28 February 2023
1767:Grand Cross of the
1600:Grand Cross of the
1595:Kingdom of Portugal
1319:Grand Cross of the
1205:in September 1901.
1197:American anarchist
1180:Victor Emmanuel III
731:Order of the Garter
690:Basilica of Superga
649:European literature
524:battle of Solferino
429:Friedrich Nietzsche
425:Victor Emmanuel III
359:Adelaide of Austria
287:Adelaide of Austria
237:Victor Emmanuel III
212:Margherita of Savoy
168:Kingdom of Sardinia
97:Victor Emmanuel III
4548:Umberto I of Italy
4356:Umberto I of Italy
3765:Charles Emmanuel I
3757:Emmanuel Philibert
3671:Victor Emmanuel II
3603:Victor Emmanuel II
2161:Umberto I of Italy
1629:Kingdom of Prussia
1375:Kingdom of Bavaria
1151:
1143:
1056:
987:Chinese government
956:
945:
880:
813:voter intimidation
734:
723:
702:condemned to death
607:
569:
559:Prince of Piedmont
481:Victor Emmanuel II
477:
455:Victor Emmanuel II
410:Italian anarchists
355:Victor Emmanuel II
277:Victor Emmanuel II
87:Victor Emmanuel II
4535:
4534:
4361:Amadeo I of Spain
3895:
3894:
3859:Held in pretense:
3797:Victor Amadeus II
3706:
3705:
3626:
3625:
3617:Succeeded by
3339:crownofhawaii.com
3306:978-87-7674-434-2
3150:Almanach de Gotha
3107:978-1-4766-3211-7
3078:978-0-713-99709-5
2691:978-1-4438-4837-4
2652:978-1-316-51291-3
2574:978-0-713-99709-5
2549:978-1-61069-286-1
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1719:Kingdom of Saxony
1492:Kingdom of Hawaii
1451:Ernestine duchies
1169:riots of May 1898
997:. Prime Minister
694:Benedetto Cairoli
314:
313:
256:
255:
137:Giovanni Giolitti
125:Benedetto Cairoli
121:Agostino Depretis
16:(Redirected from
4695:
4598:Princes of Savoy
4593:Princes in Italy
4588:Italian monarchs
3929:Princes of Savoy
3922:
3915:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3789:Francis Hyacinth
3781:Victor Amadeus I
3733:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3600:Preceded by
3590:
3583:
3565:
3564:
3547:
3539:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3427:
3421:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3331:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3276:Belgien (1869).
3273:
3267:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3181:Boettger, T. F.
3178:
3172:
3162:
3156:
3148:Justus Perthes,
3146:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3030:
3019:
3018:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2869:
2858:
2857:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2677:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2507:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2467:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1870:
1862:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1741:: Knight of the
1737:
1736:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1475:Legion of Honour
1469:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1400:Order of Leopold
1394:
1392:
1391:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1239:; Grand Master,
1226:; Grand Master,
1199:Leon F. Czolgosz
1155:Italian-American
1094:Pietro Acciarito
1086:Benito Mussolini
1068:, the spread of
1054:
1051:
919:northeast Africa
900:Francesco Crispi
864:Queen Margherita
651:, and kept up a
637:Denis Mack Smith
617:
567:
564:
475:
472:
453:The children of
396:circles for his
310:
244:
243:
224:
222:
188:Kingdom of Italy
180:
145:Giuseppe Saracco
133:Antonio Starabba
129:Francesco Crispi
107:
78:
51:
39:
38:
21:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4512:
4495:18th generation
4490:
4473:17th generation
4468:
4445:16th generation
4440:
4381:15th generation
4376:
4349:14th generation
4344:
4328:13th generation
4323:
4312:12th generation
4307:
4266:11th generation
4261:
4220:10th generation
4215:
4179:
4148:
4102:
4061:
4040:
3999:
3968:
3947:
3931:
3926:
3896:
3891:
3877:
3852:
3773:Philip Emmanuel
3742:
3737:
3707:
3702:
3662:
3656:
3622:
3613:
3605:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3536:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3417:Wayback Machine
3407:
3403:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3291:
3287:
3274:
3270:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3214:Wayback Machine
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3179:
3175:
3163:
3159:
3147:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3031:
3022:
3015:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2870:
2861:
2854:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2678:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2508:
2491:
2468:
2435:
2430:
2425:
1922:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1887:
1871:
1860:
1855:
1836:
1834:
1814:
1812:
1805:, with Collar,
1791:
1784:
1754:
1752:
1731:
1712:
1710:
1691:
1689:
1665:
1663:
1646:, with Collar,
1623:
1621:
1588:
1586:
1574:Beylik of Tunis
1568:
1566:
1547:
1545:
1527:
1525:
1513:Empire of Japan
1506:
1504:
1485:
1483:
1465:
1463:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1410:
1408:
1389:
1387:
1368:
1366:
1333:
1331:
1305:Austria-Hungary
1297:
1290:
1286:
1237:30 January 1859
1224:30 January 1859
1216:
1211:
1132:
1108:
1102:
1090:socialist party
1082:civil liberties
1052:
1042:
1011:Boxer Rebellion
809:electoral fraud
781:organized crime
742:Austria-Hungary
738:Triple Alliance
715:
706:penal servitude
666:
661:
629:
628:
627:
625:
620:
619:
618:
593:lady-in-waiting
589:common-law wife
581:Victor Emmanuel
565:
473:
465:, Umberto, and
447:
390:civil liberties
348:Austria-Hungary
340:Triple Alliance
297:Catholic Church
226:
223: 1868)
218:
214:
201:
182:
178:
162:
149:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
117:
116:
105:Prime ministers
103:
76:
68:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4701:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4533:
4532:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4184:9th generation
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4153:8th generation
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4107:7th generation
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4093:Prince Maurice
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4066:6th generation
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4045:5th generation
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4004:4th generation
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3973:3rd generation
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3952:2nd generation
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3936:1st generation
3933:
3932:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3869:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3805:Victor Amadeus
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:Kings of Italy
3655:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3595:Regnal titles
3592:
3591:
3574:House of Savoy
3571:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3554:External links
3552:
3549:
3548:
3534:
3514:
3490:
3465:
3440:
3422:
3401:
3398:. p. 535.
3376:
3356:
3326:
3312:
3305:
3285:
3268:
3253:
3229:
3217:
3199:
3173:
3167:(in Italian),
3157:
3138:
3113:
3106:
3084:
3077:
3059:
3050:
3043:
3020:
3013:
2992:
2985:
2967:
2960:
2942:
2935:
2917:
2910:
2889:
2882:
2859:
2852:
2831:
2824:
2806:
2799:
2778:
2771:
2750:
2743:
2725:
2718:
2697:
2690:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2633:
2626:
2608:
2601:
2580:
2573:
2555:
2548:
2527:
2520:
2489:
2478:Chisholm, Hugh
2432:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1874:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1832:
1821:United Kingdom
1809:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1773:22 August 1871
1749:
1729:
1708:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1672:Russian Empire
1661:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1635:Pour le Mérite
1619:
1618:
1617:
1615:September 1862
1608:
1606:September 1862
1584:
1578:Order of Glory
1564:
1554:Ottoman Empire
1543:
1533:Mexican Empire
1523:
1502:
1481:
1461:
1427:
1425:19 August 1863
1406:
1385:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1345:Knight of the
1329:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1241:9 January 1878
1230:
1228:9 January 1878
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1161:Gaetano Bresci
1139:Gaetano Bresci
1131:
1128:
1124:public opinion
1104:Main article:
1101:
1098:
1041:
1038:
1019:Boxer Protocol
1017:. Through the
1015:Imperial China
942:Battle of Adwa
923:Battle of Adwa
870:, Wilhelm II,
789:Southern Italy
774:Regio Esercito
714:
713:Foreign policy
711:
665:
662:
660:
657:
645:Queen Victoria
633:Lord Salisbury
622:
621:
612:
611:
610:
609:
608:
539:House of Savoy
446:
443:
421:Gaetano Bresci
379:Italian Empire
336:Horn of Africa
312:
311:
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
264:
258:
257:
254:
253:
249:
248:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
216:
210:
209:
207:
203:
202:
199:Pantheon, Rome
197:
195:
191:
190:
181:(aged 56)
175:
171:
170:
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:
148:
147:
112:
111:
110:
108:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
62:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4700:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4508:
4507:Prince Aimone
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4175:Prince Eugene
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3610:King of Italy
3604:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:14 March 1844
3581:
3576:
3575:
3566:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3380:
3369:
3368:
3364:刑部芳則 (2017).
3360:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3308:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3282:. p. 53.
3281:
3280:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2894:
2885:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2836:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2721:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2585:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1917:
1909:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1875:This section
1873:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1833:
1831:
1830:16 March 1878
1827:
1822:
1810:
1808:
1807:14 March 1862
1804:
1800:
1799:Sweden-Norway
1795:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1657:29 March 1897
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:29 March 1897
1645:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1582:November 1862
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1560:, 1st Class,
1559:
1555:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1503:
1501:
1497:
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1471:French Empire
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1360:November 1865
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1130:Assassination
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1003:
1000:
999:Luigi Pelloux
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
975:dispatched a
974:
969:
965:
961:
954:
949:
943:
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935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
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914:authoritarian
909:
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869:
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782:
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771:
767:
763:
762:Prussian Army
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:German Empire
743:
739:
732:
727:
719:
710:
707:
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695:
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341:
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332:King of Italy
329:
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161:14 March 1844
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141:Luigi Pelloux
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60:King of Italy
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45:
40:
37:
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19:
4528:
4523:
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4355:
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3888:
3884:
3872:
3867:(*1937–2024)
3866:
3858:
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3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
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3673:
3608:
3589:29 July 1900
3586:
3579:
3572:
3541:
3537:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3505:, retrieved
3499:
3493:
3481:. Retrieved
3475:
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3450:
3443:
3430:
3425:
3408:
3404:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3366:
3359:
3347:. Retrieved
3343:the original
3338:
3329:
3319:
3315:
3295:
3288:
3278:
3271:
3260:
3256:
3224:
3220:
3202:
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3186:
3176:
3168:
3160:
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3129:. Retrieved
3123:
3116:
3097:
3087:
3068:
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3053:
3034:
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2734:
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2592:
2564:
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2511:
2481:
2160:
1912:
1903:
1888:Please help
1876:
1850:
1829:
1806:
1772:
1747:15 July 1891
1746:
1726:
1705:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1637:(military),
1614:
1605:
1581:
1561:
1541:October 1866
1540:
1520:
1499:
1479:January 1859
1478:
1458:
1424:
1403:
1402:(military),
1382:
1359:
1350:
1324:
1314:
1249:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1196:
1173:
1152:
1109:
1061:Belle Époque
1059:
1057:
1031:
1004:
981:squadron to
978:Regia Marina
976:
957:
910:
881:
828:
824:
820:
816:
791:), with the
784:
778:
773:
735:
667:
641:
630:
603:Crown Prince
583:, prince of
570:
536:
505:
478:
474: 1850s
432:
414:
398:conservatism
383:
352:
316:
315:
179:(1900-07-29)
177:29 July 1900
113:
36:
4558:1900 deaths
4553:1844 births
3848:(1904–1947)
3840:(1878–1900)
3832:(1844–1878)
3824:(1751–1796)
3816:(1715–1730)
3808:(1699–1715)
3800:(1666–1675)
3792:(1632–1637)
3784:(1587–1630)
3776:(1586–1605)
3768:(1562–1580)
3760:(1536–1553)
3752:(1456–1471)
3690:(1900–1946)
3682:(1878–1900)
3674:(1861–1878)
3367:明治時代の勲章外交儀礼
1843:Württemberg
1639:29 May 1872
1562:August 1862
1404:17 May 1868
1074:colonialist
1053: 1900
829:Mezzogiorno
825:Mezzogiorno
821:Mezzogiorno
817:Mezzogiorno
803:dominating
795:dominating
785:Mezzogiorno
678:Umberto III
566: 1868
557:Umberto as
479:The son of
437:notes. The
353:The son of
83:Predecessor
4542:Categories
3845:Umberto II
3695:Umberto II
3614:1878–1900
3529:, London,
3349:2 December
3044:0300051328
3014:0300051328
2986:0300051328
2961:0300051328
2936:0300051328
2911:0300051328
2883:0300051328
2853:0300051328
2825:0300051328
2800:0300051328
2772:0300051328
2744:0300051328
2719:0300051328
2627:0300051328
2602:0300051328
2521:0300051328
2428:References
1521:7 May 1880
991:concession
938:Menelik II
840:Wilhelm II
758:militarist
674:Umberto II
434:Wahnbriefe
3829:Umberto I
3679:Umberto I
3507:6 January
1906:July 2020
1877:does not
1194:in 2017.
1188:Vicoforte
1158:anarchist
1070:socialist
766:Frankfurt
686:mausoleum
670:Umberto I
526:. In the
518:. In the
459:Maria Pia
439:Umbertino
394:left-wing
386:socialist
377:into the
317:Umberto I
303:Signature
93:Successor
42:Umberto I
32:Humbert I
18:Umberto I
3871:Umberto
3750:Charles
3483:21 March
3458:21 March
3413:Archived
3250:Gazzette
3210:Archived
1858:Ancestry
1176:Pantheon
1034:Holy See
1027:Tientsin
927:Ethiopia
884:colonial
805:Campania
799:and the
744:and the
682:Pantheon
543:Bourbons
293:Religion
114:See list
3873:(*2009)
3192:25 June
3152:(1900)
3131:4 March
2480:(ed.).
1898:removed
1883:sources
1417:Denmark
1396:Belgium
1284:Foreign
1214:Italian
1209:Honours
1040:Turmoil
968:Belgium
896:Somalia
892:Eritrea
888:Massawa
801:Camorra
783:in the
688:of the
605:Umberto
532:Custoza
512:captain
375:Somalia
371:Eritrea
344:Germany
321:Italian
225:
217:
65:more...
3698:(1946)
3585:
3303:
3104:
3075:
3041:
3011:
2983:
2958:
2933:
2908:
2880:
2850:
2822:
2797:
2769:
2741:
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2649:
2624:
2599:
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1695:
1669:
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1489:
1414:
1393:
1372:
1337:
1078:Crispi
797:Sicily
754:Berlin
750:Vienna
676:, and
585:Naples
499:, and
467:Amadeo
463:Oddone
327:Savoia
283:Mother
273:Father
206:Spouse
194:Burial
3587:Died:
3580:Born:
3531:p. 65
3390:[
3371:(PDF)
3154:p. 47
2476:. In
2380:(= 9)
2321:(= 8)
1761:Spain
1340:Baden
1192:Cuneo
1190:near
1184:Egypt
1165:Monza
1112:Milan
983:China
793:Mafia
740:with
659:Reign
653:salon
489:Turin
445:Youth
417:Monza
406:Milan
267:Savoy
262:House
247:Names
232:Issue
219:(
215:
184:Monza
164:Turin
73:Reign
4527:***
3943:None
3509:2018
3485:2019
3460:2019
3351:2019
3301:ISBN
3194:2019
3133:2019
3102:ISBN
3073:ISBN
3039:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2981:ISBN
2956:ISBN
2931:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2878:ISBN
2848:ISBN
2820:ISBN
2795:ISBN
2767:ISBN
2739:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2647:ISBN
2622:ISBN
2597:ISBN
2569:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2376:15.
2317:14.
2255:13.
2197:12.
2133:11.
2075:10.
1881:any
1879:cite
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1739:Siam
1727:1872
1706:1885
1500:1878
1459:1869
1383:1869
1351:1864
1325:1875
1315:1869
1250:1866
844:Rome
811:and
752:and
483:and
373:and
357:and
346:and
174:Died
158:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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