Knowledge

Western Contact Group

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Although South Africa had agreed to cooperate in achieving the implementation of Resolution 435, it unilaterally held elections in Namibia which were boycotted by SWAPO and a few other political parties. South Africa continued to administer Namibia through its installed multiracial coalitions and an
115:. It called for the holding of elections in Namibia under UN supervision and control, the cessation of all hostile acts by all parties, and restrictions on the activities of South African and Namibian military, paramilitary, and police. 120: 261: 64: 123:. Negotiations after 1978 focused on issues such as supervision of elections connected with the implementation of the settlement proposal. 296: 291: 200: 186: 47:, launched a joint diplomatic effort in 1977 to bring an internationally acceptable transition to independence for 52: 127: 108: 265: 223: 192: 188:
The UN Security Council and Informal Groups of States: Complementing or Competing for Governance
8: 68: 24: 224:"International contact groups: Ad hoc coordination in international conflict management" 243: 166: 130:
and an example for later ad-hoc formed informal forms of diplomatic crisis management.
247: 196: 76: 235: 139: 112: 239: 71:, as it became known, was worked out after lengthy consultations by the WCG with 32: 285: 36: 151: 72: 44: 88: 63:
The Western Contact Group's efforts led to the presentation in 1978 of
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agreeing to grant independence to Namibia, but on condition that
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Namibia finally achieved its independence on March 21, 1990.
104: 143: 23:, representing three of the five permanent members of the 262:"Tripartite Agreement: Angola, Cuba and South Africa" 138:
Another decade passed until South Africa signed the
264:. United States Institute of Peace. Archived from 283: 228:South African Journal of International Affairs 65:United Nations Security Council Resolution 435 184: 58: 51:, after a decade of illegal occupation by 221: 215: 146:troops were withdrawn from neighbouring 133: 126:The Western Contact Group was the first 67:for resolving the Namibian problem. The 284: 154:military aid to Angola should cease. 13: 14: 308: 297:Foreign relations of South Africa 254: 178: 1: 240:10.1080/10220461.2020.1877190 172: 292:History of South West Africa 7: 160: 128:International Contact Group 109:UN Commissioner for Namibia 21:Western Contact Group (WCG) 10: 313: 53:apartheid of South Africa 222:Henneberg, Ingo (2020). 193:Oxford University Press 59:International diplomacy 185:Jochen Prantl (2006). 16:Joint diplomatic group 134:Conditional agreement 121:Administrator-General 69:Settlement Proposal 25:UN Security Council 167:History of Namibia 202:978-0-19-928768-0 103:), together with 77:front-line states 304: 277: 276: 274: 273: 258: 252: 251: 219: 213: 212: 210: 209: 182: 140:New York Accords 113:Martti Ahtisaari 39:- and including 312: 311: 307: 306: 305: 303: 302: 301: 282: 281: 280: 271: 269: 260: 259: 255: 220: 216: 207: 205: 203: 183: 179: 175: 163: 136: 61: 17: 12: 11: 5: 310: 300: 299: 294: 279: 278: 253: 234:(4): 445–472. 214: 201: 176: 174: 171: 170: 169: 162: 159: 135: 132: 60: 57: 33:United Kingdom 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 309: 298: 295: 293: 290: 289: 287: 268:on 2009-01-14 267: 263: 257: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 218: 204: 198: 194: 190: 189: 181: 177: 168: 165: 164: 158: 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 131: 129: 124: 122: 116: 114: 110: 107:and the then 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 56: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 37:United States 34: 30: 26: 22: 270:. Retrieved 266:the original 256: 231: 227: 217: 206:. Retrieved 187: 180: 156: 137: 125: 117: 73:South Africa 62: 45:West Germany 20: 18: 286:Categories 272:2009-01-17 208:2009-01-17 173:References 119:appointed 89:Mozambique 248:231875749 150:and that 161:See also 101:Zimbabwe 93:Tanzania 85:Botswana 49:Namibia 246:  199:  152:Soviet 148:Angola 99:, and 97:Zambia 81:Angola 75:, the 41:Canada 29:France 244:S2CID 144:Cuban 105:SWAPO 197:ISBN 43:and 35:and 19:The 236:doi 288:: 242:. 232:27 230:. 226:. 195:. 191:. 111:, 95:, 91:, 87:, 83:, 55:. 31:, 27:- 275:. 250:. 238:: 211:. 79:(

Index

UN Security Council
France
United Kingdom
United States
Canada
West Germany
Namibia
apartheid of South Africa
United Nations Security Council Resolution 435
Settlement Proposal
South Africa
front-line states
Angola
Botswana
Mozambique
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
SWAPO
UN Commissioner for Namibia
Martti Ahtisaari
Administrator-General
International Contact Group
New York Accords
Cuban
Angola
Soviet
History of Namibia
The UN Security Council and Informal Groups of States: Complementing or Competing for Governance
Oxford University Press

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